第一篇：專業英語教案02烴的命名

第二課

烴的命名

一、有關單詞 alkanes 鏈狀烷烴 nomenclature 命名法 structural formula 結構式

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)國際純粹與應用化學聯合會 Prefix 詞頭，前綴 烷烴

飽和開鏈（非環）烴（CnH2n+2）以-ane作為詞尾來命名，前四個烴采用俗名，其余烷烴英文名稱的前面部分來自希臘文詞頭，表示碳原子數目，后接詞尾-ane。如果詞頭中最后一個字母為a，則將a省去。

Si前綴：

0.1 hemi 1 mono 1.5 sesqui 2 di(bis)3 tri(tris)4 tetra(tetrakis)5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa 9 nona 10 deca 11 undeca 12 dodeca 13 trideca 14 tetradeca 15 pentadeca 16 hexadeca 17 heptadeca 18 octadeca 19 nonadeca 20 icosa 21 henicosa 22 docosa 30 triaconta 31hentriaconta 32 dotriaconta 40 tetraconta 41 hentetraconta 42 dotetraconta 50 pentaconta 60 hexaconta 70 heptaconta 80 octaconta 90 nonaconta 100 hectaaconta 110 decahecta 120 icosahecta 130 triacontahecta 132 dotriacontahecta 烷烴命名：見課本

若側鏈烷基不只出現一次，用二(di-)、三(tri-)、四(tetra-)等表示。命名時，側鏈名稱依字母順序（不包括倍數詞頭）列出。側鏈的名稱按全稱從第一個字母開始考慮排列順序。

烷基的命名是把烷烴中的-ane變成-yl 注意詞頭異(iso-）、新(neo-)、仲(sec-)、叔(tert-)的用法，并注意外文何時使用斜體字。斜體詞頭不納入字母順序排列，因而仲丁基(sec-butyl)列在異丁基(tert-butyl)之前。

如：CH3CH2CH(CH3)2

2-methylbutane CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3

3-methylpentane CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2C(CH3)3

5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)

3-ethyl-6-methyloctane CH3CH2CH2CH2C(C(CH3)3)2CH2CH(CH3)2

4,4-bis(tert-butyl)-2-methyloctane 亞基的命名：用-ylidene代替-ane。例外：對于甲烷而言，亞甲基methylene而不是methylidene。

Alkanes 烷烴

Ideally, every organic compound should have a name that clearly describes its structure and from which a structural formula can be drawn.最好每一種有機化合物都有一個能清楚的描述其結構的名字，通過它的名字能畫出結構式。For this purpose, chemists throughout the world have accepted a set of rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC).為此，全世界的化學家們普遍接受一套由國際純粹與應用化學聯合會建立的規則。This system is known as the IUPAC system, or alternatively, the Geneva system because the first meetings of the IUPAC were held in Geneva, Switzerland.這系統就是IUPAC 系統，因為IUPAC的第一次會議在瑞士的日內瓦舉行也叫Geneva系統。The IUPAC name of an alkane with an unbranched chain of carbon atoms consists of two parts:(1)a prefix that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the chain;and(2)the ending-ane, to show that the compound is an alkane.IUPAC 對不帶分支的碳原子鏈的命名分兩部分：（1）詞頭表明鏈中碳原子的數目；（2）后面的-ane表明化合物是烷烴。Prefixes used to show the presence of from one to 20 carbon atoms are given in Table 1 前綴用來表示1-20之間的碳原子數，如表1所示。

Table 1

prefixes used in the IUPAC system to indicate 1 to 20 carbon atoms in a chain 表1

IUPAC系統中表示鏈中有1-20個碳原子的前綴

Prefix number of carbon atoms碳原子的前綴 Prefix number of carbon atoms meth 1 undec 11 eth 2 dodec 12 prop 3 tridec 13 but 4 tetradec 14 pent 5 pentadec 15 hex 6 hexadec 16 hept 7 heptadec 17 oct 8 octadec 18 non 9 nonadec 19 dec 10 eicos 20 The IUPAC name of a substituted alkane consists of a parent name, which indicates the longest chain of carbon atoms in the compound, and substituted names, which indicate the groups attached to the parent chain.IUPAC對有取代的烷烴的命名由兩部分組成：主鏈名，表示化合物中最長的碳鏈的碳原子數目；取代基名，表示連在主鏈上的取代基。

CH3－CH2－CH2－CH(CH3)－CH2－CH2－CH2－CH2－CH3 A substituent group derived from an alkane is called an alkyl group.由烷烴衍生而來的取代基叫做烷基。The letter R-is commonly used to show the presence of an alkyl group.通常用字母R-表示烷基的存在。Alkyl groups are named by dropping the-ane from the name of the parent alkane and adding the suffix-yl.烷基通常是通過去掉母烴的-ane并加上后綴-yl來命名的。For example, the alkyl substituent CH3CH2－ is named ethyl.例如，CH3CH2–被命名為乙基。

CH3CH3

CH3CH2－

ethane(parent hydrocarbon)

ethyl group(an alkyl group)Following are the rules of the IUPAC system for naming alkanes.下面是IUPAC體系命名的規則：

1.The general name of a saturated hydrocarbon is alkane.飽和的碳氫化合物通常命名為烷烴。

2.For branched-chain hydrocarbon, the hydrocarbon derived from the longest chain of carbon atoms is taken as the parent chain, and the IUPAC name is derived from that of the parent chain.對于支化型碳氫化合物，將含碳原子最多的最長的碳鏈作為母體，IUPAC的名字就由母鏈而來。

3.Group attached to the parent chain is called substituents.Each substituent is given a name and a number.The number shows the carbon atom of the parent chain to which the substituent is attached.連在母鏈上的基團叫做取代基。每個取代基都被賦予一個名字和一個數字。數字表示取代基是連在哪一個母鏈的碳原子上。

4.If the same substituent occurs more than once, the number of each carbon of the parent chain on which the substituent occurs is given.In addition, the number of times the substituent group occurs is indicated by a prefix di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and so on.如果不止一次相同的取代，就要給出母鏈上每一個碳原子發生該取代的次數。另外，取代基出現的次數的數字用前綴di-.tri-,tetra-,penta-等表示。

5.If there is one substituent, the parent chain is numbered from the end that gives it the lower number.If there are two or more substituents, the parent chain is numbered from the end that gives the lower number to the substituent encountered first.如果只有一次取代，母鏈從給它最小數字的一端開始標記數字，如果有兩種或者更多的取代，母鏈從給第一個取代基最小數字的一端開始標記。

6.If there are two or more different substituents, they are listed in alphabetical order.When listing substituents, the prefixes iso-and neo-are considered in alphabetizing.The prefixes sec-and tert-are ignored in alphabetizing substituents.Further, the multiplying prefixes di, tri, tetra, and so on are also ignored in alphabetizing substituents.如果有兩種或者兩種以上不同的取代，取代依照字母的順序列出。當按字母列出取代時，可以將前綴iso-和neo-考慮進去。前綴sec-和tert-在按字母順序表示取代時是不采用的。此外，表示多倍的前綴di, tri, tetra等在這個體系中也不采用。

Alkenes烯烴

Alkanes have a single bond between the carbon atoms.烷烴碳碳原子間是單鍵。Alkenes have a double bond(two bonds)between two of the carbon atoms.烯烴的兩個碳原子間是雙鍵。

C=C Consider two carbon atoms connected by a double bond.考慮到兩個碳原子間由一個雙鍵連接。Since this double bond uses four electrons from both carbons, a total of only four hydrogen atoms will satisfy all of the remaining bonds.因為這種雙鍵要從兩個碳原子中占用四個電子，總共只要四個氫原子就能滿足所有其它的鍵。Recall that a single bond represents a pair of shared electrons;a double bond represents two pairs of shared electrons.回顧一下：單鍵表示一對共用的電子；雙鍵表示兩對共用的電子。This compound thus becomes CH2=CH2 因此這種化合物為CH2=CH2 And has the molecular formula C2H4.分子式為C2H4。It is called ethene.叫做烯烴。Alkynes炔烴

Consider two carbon atoms connected by a triple bond.考慮三鍵連接著的兩個碳原子 －C≡C－

How many hydrogen atoms must be connected to these two carbon atoms to satisfy all the bond requirements? 這樣的兩個碳原子必須連接多少氫原子才能滿足所有鍵的要求。The answer is two, so the molecular formula of this compound is C2H2.答案是兩個，因此這種化合物的分子式是C2H2。This compound is called ethyne.這種化合物稱為炔烴。Its structure is 結構是

H－C≡C－H

第二篇：專業英語教案

專業英語教案（其中放假1次，期中習題課1次）

Unit 1 TECTONICS(4課時)（1：The structure of the earth 2：plate tectonic

3：Earthquakes）

一、Word and phrase core;mantle;crust 地核；地幔；地殼 continental crust

大陸地殼

granite;basalt

花崗巖；玄武巖 sial;sima硅鋁層；硅鎂層

surface waves;body..面波；體波 epicentre;focus

震中；震源

lithosphere

巖石圈 tectonic plate

構造板塊 continetal drift

大陸漂移

asthenosphere

軟流層 ocean ridge 洋脊 ocean trench 海溝

subduction 俯沖作用

volcanism

火山作用

fold mountain

褶皺山脈

fold;fault

褶皺；斷層 sedimentary rocks 沉積巖

vent

火山口

lava

熔巖 volcanic cones 火山錐

parasitic cone

寄生火山錐

plug

巖頸

volcanic ash

火山灰

二、重點內容

1..Within the crust, intricate patterns are created when rocks are redistributed and deposited in layers through the geologic processes of eruption and intrusion of lava, erosion, and consolidation of rock particles, and solidification and recrystallization of porous rock.2.The lithosphere is a relatively inflexible and buoyant layer.It is the layer which floats on the material underneath and as it moves carries the continents that produce continental drift.3.There are three types of plate boundaries:

Divergent(diverge, divergence)boundaries--where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.Convergent(converge, convergent)boundaries--where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.Transform boundaries--where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.4.Earthquakes occur when normal movement of the crust are concentrated into a single shock of a series of sudden shocks.三、詞匯解釋 ocean ridges continental rift rift valley convergent trench arc and back-arc-basin system transcurrent fault abyssal intrusion fold mountains sendimentary rock Unit 2 WEATHERING（4課時）

(1：Weathering 2：Controls on weathering)

一、Word and phrase mechanical weathering

機械風化 chemical weathering

化學風化 freeze-thaw

凍融

pressure release

卸荷釋重 limestone

石灰巖

hydrolysis

水解作用 quartz

石英

hydration 水合作用 oxidation 氧化作用 alluvium

沖擊層 gravel

砂礫

denudation

剝蝕作用 precipitation

降水 climatic zone

氣候帶 mid-latitude

中緯度

semi-arid

半干旱

tropical wet-dry

熱帶干濕季氣候 watershed

分水嶺 drainage basin

流域

regolith

風化層

二、重點

1.The disintegration(breaking into parts)of rock that takes place at or near the surface of the earth is called weathering.2.PHYSICAL WEATHERING It occurs when a force is applied to rock, causing it to disintegrate into its basic components(what it makes of).temperature changing--it expands and contracts rock particles to breaks rock apart.frost action--it condenses water vapor in cooling air to form water that seeps into cracks in rock.organic(have life)activity--plants or other organisms grow and burrow(go into)into cracks in rock, so the rock crumble over time.3.CHEMICAL WEATHERING The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.The agents of chemical weathering Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Living organisms Acid rain 4.WeatheringThe movement of weathered material from the site of weathering.Primary agent is gravity, but gravity acts in concert with running water.5.control on weathering-climate

-precipitation-variations in the depth of wreathing for climatic zones from the pole to the tropocs

-geology(chemical composition;the natural of cements in sedimentary rock;joint and bedding plants)

三、詞語翻譯 weathering crust weathering joint mineral deposit by weathering weathering of rock mass decomposition product decomposition reaction disintegration coefficient To move back and forth alternately.a mineral substance waste substance

A simple substance, mixture mechanical weathering landscape marble landscape ecosystem moisture equivalent

measurement of soil moisture constant.fluctuation of temperature

Unit 3 SLOPES（2課時）

(1：Slope

2：Slope controls 3：Theories of slope evolution movements)

一、words and phrase soil creep

土壤蠕動 mass movement

塊體運動 strata

地層

overland runoff

地表徑流 sheet wash

片狀沖刷

pediment

山前侵蝕平原（山足面）rockfall山崩

landslide

滑坡

二、重點內容

1.slope(definition)2.factor of controlling slope development-climate-geology-vegetation-soil cover-human activity 3.theories of slope evolution-slope decline:w.m.davies

4：Mass

-slope replacement:waltherpenck

-slope retreat:l.c.king

4.mass movement-small movement(soil creep)-fast movement(avalanches)

三、翻譯句子 Mass movements are part of a continuum of erosional processes between weathering and stream transport.Mass movement causes regolith and rock to move down-slope where sooner or later the loose particles will be picked up by another transporting agent and eventually moved to a site of deposition such as an ocean basin or lake bed.Unit 4 HYDTOLOGY（2課時）The river basin hydrological cycle 2：Drainage basin hydrology 3：Seasonal variations in river flow: the regime

一、words and phrase interception

截流

evapotranspiration 蒸發和蒸騰總量 capillary rise

毛管上升 aeration zone

包氣帶

overland flow;interflow;base flow

地表徑流；壤中流；地下徑流 water table

潛水面（水位）

basin length;area 流域長度;流域面積 tributary 支流； trunk stream 干流

drainage density

河網密度

二、重點內容

1.The basin hydrological cycle –input(precipitation)and outputs(evapotranspiration and runoff)-interception by vegetation-soil moisture and infiltration

2.The definition of the drainage basin is the area which drains into a particular river or river system.（precipitation via interception, soil moisture and groundwater storage, evapotranspiration）3.Basin plan

4.Stream ordering

6.Drainage density

三、課后練習

Main components P

precipitation E

evaporation T

transpiration I

infiltration R

runoff G

ground water flow Ic

interception Unit 5 The long profile and Rivers as sediment systems（2課時）

一、words and phrase upper;middle;lower reach 上中下游 vertical erosion

下切侵蝕 headward erosion

溯源侵蝕 lateral erosion

側蝕 pot-hole

壺穴 meander

曲流 ox-bow lake

牛軛湖 delta

三角洲 lake basin

湖盆 levee

天然提

rill and gully erosion 細溝、沖溝侵蝕 clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂

suspended sediment

懸浮沉積物 atmospherical fallout

大氣沉降 laminar flow

層流 turbulent flow

紊流 riffle;pool 淺灘；深槽

channel roughness

河道粗糙度

二、重點內容

1.As rivers evolve through time and over distance the stream passes through a series of distinct stages: youth(lakes, waterfalls, and rapids, initial uplift)middle youth(headward erosion, deepening of channel)early maturity(a smoothly profile, floodplain)approaching full maturity(meanders, river in equilibrium)full maturity(broad floodplain and freely menders)

2.critical erosion velocity

3.type of flow-laminar flow and turbulent flow

三、理解下圖內容

Cross-sectional shape varies with position in the stream, and discharge.Thedeepest part of channel occurs where the stream velocity is the highest.Both width and depth increase downstream because discharge increases downstream.As discharge increases the cross sectional shape will change, with the stream becoming deeper and wider.Unit 6 Meanders and Deltas and estuaries（2課時）

sandbar

沙壩 thalweg中泓線 estuary 河口

lagoon

瀉湖 salinity

鹽度 coastline

海岸線 dune

沙丘

suspension;saltation;creep

懸移；躍移；蠕移 dust storm

塵暴 windward;leeward

迎風；背風 prevailing wind

盛行風 deflation hollow

風蝕凹地

二、重點內容 1.helicoidal flow

2.the wavelength of meanders is dependent on three majors of factors: channel width, discharge, and the nature of the bed and banks.3.factors of affect the formation of deltas: amount and calibre of load, salinity, gradient of coastline , vegetation, low energy river discharge.4.three forms of deltas: arcuate, cuspate, bird’s foot.5.estuaries occur where a coastal area has recently subsided or the ocean level has risen, causing the lower part of the river to be drowned.三、理解下列句子

TerracesGlaciers erode in several ways.:Abrasion and plucking.sediment transportation Glacial Deposition 4.Landforms produced by mountain: Cirques, Glacial Valleys, Arêtes, Horns.三、理解下列圖片內容。

第三篇：專業英語教案

課程名稱：計算機專業英語 授課教師：常文慧 教學課時：2學時

授課班級：計科1101-1105班

授課內容：Basic Computer Hardware Components

一、教學要求

1、掌握計算機內部、外部常用部件名稱

2、熟悉輸入設備（input devices）、輸出設備(output devices)的組成

3、了解計算機英語詞匯的簡稱

4、在對教材全文的翻譯過程中掌握專業文獻的寫作技巧

二、教學目的專業英語是計算機科學與技術專業的一門必修課，通過讓學生閱讀、討論計 算機科學與技術等專業有關的英語詞匯和文章翻譯，培養學生的閱讀、翻譯及寫作專業文獻的能力，擴大學生的專業知識面和提高外語能力。

三、教學方法

以文字教材為基礎，以精讀和泛讀相結合強化教學的重、難點內容，結合課上與學生的互動，以學生為主體進行本門課的學習。

四、教學內容

1、課堂提問

（5 minutes）提問問題“What are the main parts of the computer?”。

通過此問題讓學生說出知道的計算機英語詞匯或命令，引導學生進入課文“Basic Computer Hardware Components”，在學習英語的同時給學生插入熟悉的計算機知識，提高學生學習的興趣。

2、詞匯講解

（25 minutes）

復習熟悉的詞匯同時帶領學生學習陌生單詞，同時針對重點和難點讀單詞難，記不住，采用第一次給學生寫出音標，領著讀的手段，同時向學生介紹單詞快速記憶方法。

重點詞匯：type

v.打字

n.類型

bonkers

adj.瘋狂的identify

vt.識別，鑒別

accessory

n.附件 adj.附屬的

delicate

adj.精巧的，精密的 exotic

adj.外來的transfer

n.&vt.轉寫，轉移，傳遞

operation n.運行，實施 重點短語:

Build into 使??成為組成部分

show up 露出，露面

Find out

找出，發現，認識到

come up with 提出，拿出

Refer to 提到，談到，打聽

floppy disk 軟盤

Home computer 家用計算機

away from 遠離 簡寫詞匯

CPU(Central Processing Unit)中央處理器

CD(Compact Disc)光盤 在詞匯及短語的講解中，需結合例句對重點詞匯進行講解。

The keyboard is the part with the letters and numbers, where you put your hands and type.鍵盤是印有字母和數字的部件，你可以把手指放在這些字母和數字上來輸入它們。

The keyboard may be attached to or built into one of the computer.鍵盤可能會連接或內置于計算機上。

Calling the mouse an accessory is just one of those gooly things technical people do, and it’s best not to disturb their delicate sensibilities.將鼠標叫做附件是技術人員做的傻事，最好不要碰觸他們敏感的神經。

3、文章翻譯講解

（50分鐘）在此環節，主要以學生為主體，采用以下教學手段。

（1）由于在“Basic Computer Hardware Computer”中，共涉及到了七個大的段落，分別為計算機的不同組成部分，主要分為“Keyboard”“,Monitor”，“Computer or CPU Box”，“Mouse”，“External Drives”，“External Modem”及“Printer”幾個部分，故可針對每個部分的內容找出一名學生進行閱讀，針對不正確的發音進行糾正。

（2）對每個段落中涉及到的重點及難點詞匯進行講解說明，通過舉例使學生加深對重難點詞匯的理解，包括“cellular phone”，“be attached to”，“part”，“know about”，“human being”，“be supposed to”，“take up”，“depend on”，“persist in”等重點詞匯，通過對單詞短語的意思進行解釋為進一步的文獻翻譯奠定基礎。（3）對七個不同的段落分別請七個學生進行翻譯，并針對翻譯中出現的具體問題進行糾正講解，在講解翻譯的過程中穿插專業文獻翻譯及寫作的注意事項，為學生在將來專業文獻的閱讀及寫作奠定基礎。

4、課堂小結

（10分鐘）（1）帶領學生一起對本節課講解的重點詞匯進行總結，同時對學生在翻譯中出錯的段落進行重復強調。

（2）請兩個學生分別用兩分鐘時間結合新學的詞匯對本次課的內容進行說明，重點說明計算機內部、外部的常用部件及課程中涉及到的專業文獻翻譯、寫作的注意事項。

5、課后作業 課后題：1,2

五、課程難點

計算機科學與技術專業詞匯及外圍設備相關術語 計算機各外圍設備的作用

六、教學方式和手段

強調口語的教學，通過分組討論激發學生對專業英語學習的積極性 結合多媒體動畫、錄像、課件及板書進行講解 通過課堂提問強調學生的課堂參與性

七、參考文獻

1、張強華，司愛俠.計算機專業英語.北京:機械工業出版社,2007.2、朱龍.計算機專業英語.北京:人民郵電出版社,2012.3、任偉.計算機專業英語.北京:清華大學出版社,2011

4、[英]霍恩比著,王玉章等譯.牛津高階英漢雙解詞典.牛津大學出版社,2009.5、周生炳.計算機英語教程.北京:清華大學出版社,2005.課程名稱：計算機專業英語 授課教師：常文慧 教學課時：2學時

授課班級：計科1101-1105班

授課內容：Word:Working With Text and Style

一、教學要求

1、掌握word的文本使用與樣式設置

2、熟悉文本及樣式操作的相關專業詞匯及短語

3、通過對全文的翻譯理解掌握專業文獻的寫作格式

4、掌握專業文獻的寫作技巧

二、教學目的本次課主要通過對word中文本與樣式設置的講解，使學生在技術上熟悉具體軟件操作的同時，對涉及到的專業詞匯進行了深入掌握，通過對文章的閱讀翻譯，掌握專業文檔的寫作技巧，提高學生翻譯及寫作專業文獻的能力。

三、教學方法

通過對實際軟件的操作結合本文進行講解，由于學生對word的操作相對較為熟練，因此以此為教學方法能夠激發學生學習的積極性，同時通過與與學生的互動，在活躍的課堂氣氛下進行本門課的學習。

四、教學內容

1、知識回顧

（5 minutes）

對在“Basic Computer Hardware Components”學習中涉及到得重點詞匯及翻譯難點進行復習，從而能夠對學生的課下學習情況進行掌握。

2、課堂提問

（5 minutes）提問問題“How to set the text and style with word?”。

通過此問題讓學生說出知道的word操作方法，引導學生進入課文“Word：Working With Text and Style”，在學習英語的同時給學生插入熟悉的word操作知識，并通過與學生的互動來提高學生學習的興趣。

3、詞匯講解

（25 minutes）在此環節，同樣根據“溫故而知新”的原則，復習熟悉詞匯的同時帶領學生學習陌生單詞，同時針對重點和難點讀單詞，采用第一次給學生寫出音標，領著讀的手段。

重點詞匯：

shortcut

n.捷徑

arrow

n.箭頭記號，箭 keystroke n.鍵擊，按鍵

attribute

n.屬性，品質，特征

deselect

n.取消選定

demonstrate v.示范，展示，演示

stationary adj.固定的，不動的remain

vi.保持，保留 重點短語: Hold down

保持按下，持續按住

drag and drop 拖拽 Drop-down menu 下拉菜單

format painter 格式刷 Dialog box 對話框

paragraph symbol 段落符 在詞匯及短語的講解中，需結合例句對重點詞匯進行講解。

I couldn't let the team take that shortcut.我不能允許我們的團隊走此捷徑 Neither attribute seems particularly beneficial for their clients.這兩種特征似乎 都不是特別有利于他們的客戶。

Experimental psychologists use such exercises to demonstrate cognitive illusions.實驗心理學家利用這種練習來證明認知錯覺。

it.你可以在煙火迸發的地點上面或者附近找個固定的物體對焦。Unemployment will remain structurally high.失業率仍然保持結構性高位。

4、文章翻譯講解

（50分鐘）為了鍛煉學生在以后的學習及工作中閱讀及書寫專業文檔的能力，在此環節，主要以學生為主體，教師輔助教學的方法來進行講授，從而不但調動了學生的積極性，也增加了課堂的活躍性。

（1）在“Word：Working With Text and Style”全文中，關于“Working With Text”的描述共有4個小節，分別敘述如何進行“輸入文本”，“刪除文本”，“選擇文本”及“文本格式設置”，在關于“Styles”共涉及到6個小節在此段落，故需分別請10位學生進行閱讀，并針對出現的錯誤進行糾正。

（2）對各段落中涉及到的重點及難點進行講解說明，主要包括“blinking cursor”，“be located”，“highlighted”，“depressed”，“increase indent”，“access”，“be recommended”，“make changes from”等重點詞匯及短語，并在講解的同時通過舉例使學生加深對重難點詞匯的理解。

（3）分別請10個同學對不同段落進行翻譯，在糾正學生翻譯問題的過程中利用多媒體結合word軟件對相關術語、段落的翻譯進行講述，同時針對在專業文檔寫作過程中可能出現的問題進行說明，以避免學生在后續專業文檔的翻譯寫作中出現錯誤。

5、課堂小結

（10分鐘）（1）通過利用多媒體演示word軟件，采用邊操作邊對本次課相關術語進行復習的手段，帶領學生對本次課的主要內容進行回憶。

（2）請學生到講臺，對其他學生進行word軟件的演示，并配合英語口語的講述，講述完成后，臺下學生進行評價，說明存在的問題及正確答案。隨后教師針對存在的問題再次進行講解。

6、課后作業

課后題：1,2

五、課程難點

本次課涉及到的專業名詞較多，在學生對文檔的翻譯中，需一邊查看單詞一邊進行翻譯，故在此環節，需要學生加強課下對相關詞匯的記憶。

六、參考文獻

1、張強華，司愛俠.計算機專業英語.北京:機械工業出版社,2007.2、朱龍.計算機專業英語.北京:人民郵電出版社,2012.3、任偉.計算機專業英語.北京:清華大學出版社,2011

4、[英]霍恩比著,王玉章等譯.牛津高階英漢雙解詞典.牛津大學出版社,2009.5、周生炳.計算機英語教程.北京:清華大學出版社,2005.

第四篇：專業英語教案10酶

Lesson 10 Enzymes酶

Enzymes are gigantic molecules with typical molecular weights ranging from about 6000 to more than 600,000.酶是大分子，大多數分子量在6000到60萬間。Moreover, enzymes are much more complex structurally than the catalysts considered thus far in the section, and their catalytic sites are far more intricate.而且，酶在結構上比這章中迄今所討論的催化劑要復雜的多，他們的催化位置也十分復雜。Enzymes have evolved by the life process to be extremely specific catalyst;each enzyme is a catalyst for only one biological reaction or, sometimes, one class of reaction.生命過程中酶是十分特殊的催化劑，每個酶是只催化一種（有時是一類）生物反應的催化劑。The typical enzyme has a catalytic site that bonds specifically to a single reactant and activates it.典型的具有一個催化點，只能健合特定的單一反應物并激活它。The catalytic site is multifunctional, bonding to the reactant at more than one position, almost to the exclusion of all but closely similar molecules(often products), and these similar molecules are reaction inhibitors.催化位置是多功能的，鍵合到反應物上多于一個位置，除了相似的分子或產品外，幾乎排除所有的位置，這些相似的分子是反應阻聚劑。Enzymes catalyze conversion of biological molecules with very high selectivities and at high rates, typically in the range of 10 to l000 molecules/(enzymes).酶以高選擇性高速度催化生物分子的轉化，每個酶催化的典型范圍為10到1000分子

Each enzyme has a unique three-dimensional structure that usually includes a pocket or cleft presenting an array of functional groups positioned to bond to complementary functional groups of the reactant molecule.酶具有獨一無二的三維結構，通過包括缺陷，能夠與反應物分子的功能團完全結合。The region of the cleft is a three-dimensional microenvironment, and the bonding of the reactant is comparable to a highly specific chemisorption.缺陷的區域是三維的微環境，對于反應物的鍵合具有高化學選擇性。Nature's process of Darwinian selection has led to the biosynthesis of individual enzyme molecules each of which is in essence a unique multifunctional catalytic site that allows bonding and conversion of a particular reactant or class of reactants.達爾文的自然進化論導致了單個酶分子的生物合成，允許特定反應物的轉化。Other chemical properties of enzymes besides those of the catalytic site are important also: the functional groups on the outer surface, for example, determine the enzyme's affinity for particular locations in the biological cell, such as the aqueous environment of the cytoplasm or the hydrophobic environment of a cell wall or other membrane.除了催化位置外，酶的其它化學性質也很重要：外部空間的官能團決定了生物細胞特定位置酶的親和性，如細胞質的水性環境或細胞壁或其它膜的疏水性。

Enzymes catalyze biological reactions;and since living organisms usually exist only at relatively mild temperatures, most enzymes function only under these conditions.由于生物體通常存在于相對溫和的環境下，酶催化的生物反應通常在這樣的條件下進行。Enzymes are delicate and do not retain their structures under conditions much outside the range characteristic of living organisms, although they may function in vitro in atypical environments such as nonaqueous solvents.雖然酶的結構在生物體以外的范圍內不能保證，但是也可能在體外這種非水性溶劑的環境中起作用。Some organisms, such as those living in hot springs, have adapted to relatively high temperatures, and they could not exist without enzymes that are stable and active at these temperatures.在溫泉中存在的某些有機體已經適應了相對高的溫度，在這樣的溫度下，如果沒有酶，有機體會變得不穩定。

There is a great variety of biological reactions, including, for example,(1)the break down of proteins and sugars occurring in the digestive tracts of animals,(2)the biosynthetic reactions that lead to growth and replacement of living organisms,(3)photosynthesis, and(4)oxidations that proceed by intricate pathways that convert food(e.g., sugars, proteins, etc.)into CO2 water and energy in a biologically useful form.例如，有大量的生物反應，（1）動物的消化道內發生蛋白質和糖的斷裂，（2）生物合成反應導致活的有機體的生長和取代，（3）光合作用，（4）通過氧化，以錯綜復雜的方式把食物轉化為CO2，水和生物利用形式的能量。

Many enzyme-catalyzed reactions take place in biological cells.許多酶催化反應發生在生物細胞內。

The contents of cells are organized into well-defined domains.細胞是很好的界定區域。The cytoplasm is an aqueous biological soup with many molecules, including reactants, products, and enzymes in solution.細胞質是由許多分子的水相細胞漿，包括反應物，產品，酶。The membranes are much more highly structured.膜是高度構造的。Enzymes are also present in membranes and in cellular subunits called organelles.酶也包含在膜和細胞子單元中，稱為細胞器。These bound enzymes are sometimes present in arrays that can be described as assembly lines.這些酶有機以序列的形式出現，被描述為裝配線。Evidently, the product of reaction in one enzyme is transported to the next enzyme in line so that a sequence of reactions takes place efficiently.很明顯地，一個酶反應的產品進行裝配線的下一個酶，使反應高效的依次發生。Nature's catalysts function in highly sophisticated reactors.在高度復雜的反應器中發生自然的催化反應。

Enzymes are usually named for the reactions they catalyze.酶通常以其催化的反應命名。For example, lysozyme catalyzes reactions that lead to the breakdown by hydrolysis(lysing)of polysaccharides;isomerases catalyze isomerization reactions;dehydrogenases catalyze dehydrogenation reactions;and so forth.例如，溶菌酶催化的反應使多糖水解，異構酶催化異構化反應，脫氫酶催化脫氫反應，等等。More specifically, alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze alcohol dehydrogenations, and L-lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the dehydrogenation of L-lactate(to give pyruvate).更特別的是，醇脫氫酶催化醇的脫氫，L－乳酸脫氫酶催化L－乳酸的脫氫（得到丙酮酸鹽）。Because the composition and structure of one kind of enzyme from one plant, animal, or bacterium may be different from those of the same kind of enzyme from another plant, animal, or bacterium, a further specification includes the source, for example, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.因為植物、動物或細菌中酶的組成和結構不同于其它植物、動物或細菌中相同類型的酶，所以需要更進一步的分類，例如，馬肝醇脫氫酶。

第五篇：旅游專業英語教案1

Unit one

World Tourism Organization

Teaching Objectives

1.Become familiar with World Tourism Organization 2.Become familiar with Key Benefits of Tourism 3.Be able to make the conversations at the Guests’ Arrival 4.Understand some sentence structures and patterns

Teaching Approaches 1.Introduce the history of the Tourism 2.Tell them something about the World Tourism Organization 3.Describe briefly the benefits of tourism 4.Let the students read the materials about tourism 5.Discuss the process of Guests’ Arrival at the airport 6.Homework

Focus on

1．World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism 2.Guests’ Arrival

Time Allocations World Tourism Organization A Conceptual Framework：

World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism(3 periods)Guests’ Arrival(3 periods)

Teaching Difficulties The new words Usages Some useful expressions Difficulties

Teaching Methods

Teacher’s Explanations Questions Discussing Exercises

Teaching Procedures

World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism

常用英語及詞匯

Travelingat airport 常用語句

我該到哪里辦聯合航空 706 次班機登機手續？ Where may I check in for United flight number 706?

什么時候開始登機？

What time will boarding start? 我要轉法國航空 123 號班機。

I'm connecting with AF123.哪里可以詢問轉接班機的事情？

Where can I get information on a connecting flight?

基礎詞匯

護照 Passport 簽證 Visa

入境記錄卡 Embarkation Card 出境記錄卡 Disembarkation Card 入境大廳 Arrival Lobby 出境大廳 Departure Lobby 登機門號碼 Gate Number 登機證 Boarding Card 機場稅 Airport Tax 商務簽證 Business Visa

旅客登機報到處 Check in Counter 觀光簽證 Tourist Visa