第一篇：2011年上海中級口譯筆試試題及部分答案（大全）

2011年上海中級口譯筆試試題及部分答案

Questions 1—5 The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people.According to American law，if someone is accused of a crime，he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty.In other words，it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty.It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person，the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed.The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book” him.“Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge.The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released.If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example，because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free.Otherwise，the suspect must put up bail.At this time，too，the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later.A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect.This is called a hearing.The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses.The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial.If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial，he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial，a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses.Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime.If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent，he goes free.However，if he is convicted，the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing.At this time，the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be.The judge may sentence him to prison，order him to pay a fine，or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly.However，every step is designed to protect the rights of the people.These individual rights are the basis，or foundation，of the American government.1.What is the main idea of the passage？

（A）The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.（B）The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.（C）Under the American court system，judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.（D）The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.2.What follows ‘in other words’（para.1）？（A）An example of the previous sentence.（B）A new idea about the court system.（C）An item of evidence to call for a trial.（D）A restatement of the previous sentence.3.According to the passage，‘he can go free’（para.3）means _________.（A）the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him（B）the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent（C）the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not（D）the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial 4.What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail？（A）To pay for the judge and the trial.（B）To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.（C）To ensure that the suspect will return to court.（D）To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.5.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？

（A）The American justice system sometimes operates slowly.（B）The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.（C）It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.（D）The jury considers the evidence in the court room.Questions 6—10

So you’ve got an invention—you and around 39，000 others each year，according to 2002 statistics！

The 64，000-dollar question，if you have come up with a device which you believe to be the answer to the energy crisis or you’ve invented a lawnmower which cuts grass with a jet of water（not so daft，someone has invented one），is how to ensure you’re the one to reap the rewards of your ingenuity.How will all you garden shed boffins out there keep others from capitalizing on your ideas and lining their pockets at your expense？

One of the first steps to protect your interest is to patent your invention.That can keep it out of the grasp of the pirates for at least the next 20 years.And for this reason inventors in their droves beat a constant trail from all over the country to the doors of an anonymous grey-fronted building just behind London’s Holborn to try and patent their devices.The first ‘letters patent’ were granted as long ago as 1449 to a Flemish craftsman by the name of John Utynam.The letters，written in Latin，are still on file at the office.They were granted by King Henry VI and entitled Utynam to ‘import into this country’ his knowledge of making stained glass windows in order to install such windows at Eton College.Present-day patents procedure is a more sophisticated affair than getting a go-ahead note from the monarch.These days the strict procedures governing whether you get a patent for your revolutionary mouse-trap or solar-powered back-scratcher have been reduced to a pretty exact science.From start to finish it will take around two and a half years and cost ￡165 for the inventor to gain patent protection for his brainchild.That’s if he’s lucky.By no means all who apply to the Patent Office，which is a branch of the Department of Trade，get a patent.A key man at the Patent Office is Bernard Partridge，Principal Examiner（Administration），who boils down to one word the vital ingredient any inventor needs before he can hope to overcome the many hurdles in the complex procedure of obtaining a patent—‘ingenuity’。6.People take out a patent because they want to __________.（A）keep their ideas from being stolen（B）reap the rewards of somebody else’s ingenuity（C）visit the patent office building（D）come up with more new devices 7.The phrase ‘the brain-children of inventors’（para.5）means _________.（A）the children with high intelligence（B）the inventions that people come up with（C）a device that a child believes to be the answer to the energy crisis（D）a lawnmower that an individual has invented to cut grass 8.What have the 1600’s machine gun and the present-day laser in common？

（A）Both were approved by the monarch.（B）Both were granted by King Henry VI.（C）Both were rejected by the Department of Trade.（D）Both were patented.9.Why is John Utynam still remembered？

（A）He is the first person to get a patent for his revolutionary mouse-trap.（B）He is the first person to be granted an official patent.（C）He is the first person to be an officer in the Patent Office.（D）He is the first person to have invented a lawnmower.10.According to the passage，how would you describe the complex procedure of obtaining a patent for an invention？（A）It is rather expensive.（B）It is an impossible task.（C）It is extremely difficult.（D）It is very tricky.Questions 11—15

All living cells on earth require moisture for their metabolism.Cereal grains when brought in from the field，although they may appear to be dry，may contain 20 per cent of moisture or more.If they are stored in a bin thus，there is sufficient moisture in them to support several varieties of insects.These insects will，therefore，live and breed and，as they grow and eat the grain，it provides them with biological energy for their life processes.This energy will，just as in man，become manifest as heat.Since the bulk of the grain acts as an insulator，the temperature surrounding the colony of insects will rise so that，not only is part of the grain spoiled by the direct attack of the insects but more may be damaged by the heat.Sometimes，the temperature may even rise to the point where the stored grain catches fire.For safe storage，grain must be dried until its moisture content is 13 per cent or less.Traditional arts of food preservation took advantage of this principle in a number of ways.The plant seeds，wheat，rye，rice，barley millet，maize，are themselves structures evolved by nature to provi-56We are moving inexorably into the age of automation.Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but，on the contrary，one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines.First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence.The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker，and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled.Secondly，there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product： here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm，that is，the actual product with what it is supposed to be，and then correct any shortcomings.The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned.One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities.There is a factory in the U.S.A.which makes 1，000 million electric light bulbs a year，and the factory employs three hundred people.If the preautomation techniques were to be employed，the labour force required would leap to 25，000.A motor manufacturing company with 45，000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer.Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations，such as chemical plants or oil refineries.Thirdly，there is computer automation，for banks，accounting departments，insurance companies and the like.Here the essential features are the recording，storing，sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort;a task which otherwise might take years，if attempted at all，now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers.The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released.We are already seeing straws in the wind： destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength.While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs，are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place？ For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required.A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well.What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker？ How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labor？ Moreover，what，indeed，will be the significance for him of his leisure？ If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness，man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16.The main purpose of automation is _________.（A）to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled（B）to process information as fast as possible（C）to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism（D）to make an individual man perform many different actions 17.The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.（A）their greater speed of operation（B）their control of the product quality（C）their conveyor belt system of continuous production（D）their supervision of industrial installations 18.One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.（A）plenty of information（B）surplus human energy（C）destructive outbursts（D）less leisure time 19.Which of the following best explains the use of ‘stint’（para.4）？

（A）Effort.（B）Force.（C）Excess.（D）Period.20.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？

（A）There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.（B）Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.（C）The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.（D）Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21—25

The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead;copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone.For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces，rather than pipes.Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics，for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter.While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground，with the pressure increasing in the lower areas，channels cannot.They must slope continuously downwards，because water in channels does not normally flow uphill;and the grade must be flat，from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3，000 in large ones，to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second.Thus the main supply channels or aqueducts had long lengths of flat grade and where they crossed depressions or valleys they were carried on elevated stone bridges in the form of tiered arches.At the beginning of the Christian era there were over 30 miles of these raised aqueducts in the 250 miles of channels and tunnels bringing water to Rome.The channels were up to 6 feet wide and 5 to 8 feet high.Sometimes channels were later added on the tops of existing ones.The remains of some of these aqueducts still grace the skyline on the outskirts of Rome and elsewhere in Europe similar ruins are found.Brick and stone drains were constructed in various parts of Rome.The oldest existing one is the Cloaca Maxima which follows the course of an old stream.It dates back at least to the third century B.C.Late-101112（A）People believed that spacecraft would be destroyed in a black hole.（B）People believed that spacecraft would be misguided by missiles.（C）People believed that spacecraft would be collided with a star.（D）People believed that spacecraft would be damaged by meteorites.29.What is the greatest danger to life on Earth？（A）Collision with small high-speed missiles.（B）Collision with an astronomical body.（C）Collision with stones from the sky.（D）Collision with spacecrafts.30.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？

（A）Our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds.（B）Near misses of bodies smaller than our own planet could be disastrous.（C）The probability of collision with a large astronomical body is very high.（D）The chances of anyone actually being hit by missiles are very high.SECTION 3： TRANSLATION TEST（30 minutes）

Directions： Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds： material and nonmaterial.Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height，breadth，and wei-14

第二篇：中級口譯筆試部分練習8篇

Passage 1

I think Chinese businesspeople tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner，as opposed to the more direct style of American businesspeople，who are said to work with the “get-down-to-business-first” mentality.The Chinese-type management encourages cooperation among employees，between the labor and the management，and gives employees a joy of participation and fulfillment，as well as a sense of pride in their work.And most Chinese try to find the meaning of life through working in their jobs，and view work as essential for having membership in a community.The American-type，or the top-down，management emphasizes efficiency，and competition among workers.The American work ethic seems to be more individual oriented.Traditionally，Americans work because it is the will of God，and often value the results and accomplishments of work more than its process.我認為中國人在商務談判時傾向于使用一種迂回婉轉的方式，而那些被認為在工作時具有一 種“公務為先”的心態的美國人則往往表現出較為直截了當的作風。中國式的管理方式鼓勵員工之間的合作，也鼓勵普通員工和管理人員之間的合作，使員工有一種喜悅的參與感和成就感，使他們對自己的工作產生一種自豪感。大多數中國人想從工作中找到生活的意義，他們將工作視為成為團體中一份子的必不可缺的條件。美國式的自下而上的管理方式注重效率，注重員工之間的競爭。美國人的工作觀有較強的個體取向性。美國人一直認為，工作是秉承了上帝的意志，對工作成果的重視常常高于對工作過程的重視。

Passage 2

In the short period of six days，we have gone a longer distance than the world-renowned “Long March”。We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity，dynamism，and progress of China under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world.My wife and I have a special regard and personal friendship for the people of China.Beijing is for us an old and nostalgic home.During our stay here ten years ago we spent a great deal of memorable time with the people here——working，shopping，sightseeing，and touring the city on our bicycles.Those were happy days.They were good days，important days.We were part of the dramatic process which brought us back together and set us on the road to a genuine friendly and cooperative relationship.Nonetheless，problems remain in our economic，education and strategic relations.While we are not so naive as to believe that there are no issues of difference between us，I also believe that our differences are greatly overshadowed by issues which bind us and strengthen our relationship.在短暫的六天里，我們的行程超過了舉世聞名的“長征”。在改革開放政策引導下的中國，氣象萬千，充滿活力，不斷進步，這些我們都已強烈的感受到了。我和我夫人對中國人民懷有一種特殊的敬慕之情和個人友誼。對我們兩人來說，北京是我們思念的故鄉。十年前我們在此生活期間，我們與這里的人們一起度過了許多難忘的時光—— 我們在這里工作、購物、觀光、騎自行車逛城。那是一些令人愉快的日子，一些美好的日子，一些意義重大的日子。我們參與了富有戲劇性的轉變過程，這種轉變使我們重新走到一起，使我們踏上了一條通往建立一種真誠友好的合作關系的道路。然而，我們在經濟、教育以及戰略關系中仍然存在著問題。一方面，我們不會天真的以為我們之間不存在分歧，另一方面，我也認為那些將我們聯系在一起并且強化我們關系的事務，在很大程度上弱化了我們之間的差異。

Passage 3

The Washington National Cathedral is one of the largest and most famous religious centers in the United States.It belongs to the Episcopal Church.The official name of the building id the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul.The National Cathedral was built with money from private citizens.The work started in 1907，and the Cathedral was not completely finished until 1990.The first stone was laid in the presence of President Theodore Roosevelt.Every President of the United States since then has attended services or visited the Cathedral.It looks like many of the great religious centers built in Europe about 800 years ago.The building is shaped like a cross or the letter T.in the center is a bell tower 91 meters high.Two more towers stand at the bottom of the cross.Two hundred windows are set high in the walls of the National Cathedral.Most are made of many pieces of colored glass.They color the sunlight as it enters the building and spills across the floor.Some windows have flower designs.Others have images from Christian stories or from American heroes.華盛頓國家大教堂是美國規模最大、最負盛名的宗教中心之一，隸屬主教派教會。該建筑的正式名稱是圣彼得和圣保羅大教堂。國家大教堂是由私人贊助建造起來的。工程開始于1907年，直到1990年才完全竣工。奠基石是當著當時西奧多。羅斯福總統的面放置的。從那以后的每一任美國總統都參加過這里舉行的宗教禮儀活動，或參觀過大教堂。大教堂看起來像歐洲許多建于800年前的宗教大中心，形狀像個“十”字，或像字母T，中間聳立了一座高達91 米的鐘樓，另外兩座塔樓坐落在十字形底部。200扇窗戶高高的嵌在國家大教堂的墻上。大多數窗都由多塊彩色玻璃拼成，射入建筑內的陽光被彩色玻璃染得五彩繽紛，灑落在大教堂一側的地坪上，有些窗戶有花卉圖案，有些窗的畫面則是一些有關基督教的故事或美國歷史英雄的形象。Passage 4

Innovation starts at the top，and it is important for leaders to create an environment where innovation is constant，where people have the skills and incentives to think creatively.In doing so，you attract talents that want to contribute to that environment，creating a virtuous cycle for the company.Shanghai’s leadership has worked hard to create an environment where businesses can succeed.For example，Shanghai’s transportation links to the world，including Pudong International Airport and the new deep water port facility，have achieved world-class status We live in an era where innovation is central to economic growth and prosperity.It is comfortable to hold onto the old ways of doing business.But innovation is hard because it usually leads to change.Innovation requires new ideas，new processes，and new institutions.New technologies and approaches can radically change an existing market，creating new customers and competitions.But innovation and its accompanying disruption can be managed through good leadership，a long term strategy，and good people.President Hu Jintao stated at the beginning of this year that “Innovation is the core of the nation’s competitiveness.”

創新從領導層開始做起。領導層必須營造一個可以不斷創新的環境，以激勵人們的創新思維。這樣的環境可以吸引那些樂于創新的人才，從而使公司得到良性發展。上海的領導努力為企業營造可取得成功的環境。例如，浦東國際機場和新的深水港等設施的建立，使上海與世界的交通連接達到了世界級的水平。我們生活在一個以創新驅動經濟發展和繁榮的時代。墨守成規確實舒服愜意，而改革創新則困難重重，因為創新往往引發變革。創新需要新思想，新程序和新機制。新技術和新方法會劇烈的改變現行的市場秩序，既帶來新的公司客戶，也帶來新的競爭對手，但是，如果我們有英明的領導，長期的戰略以及優秀的人才，創新活動及其所伴隨的沖擊是可控的。******主席在年初時曾說過：“創新是國家的核心競爭力。”

Passage 5

What will the role of universities be in this globalized economy? How will they contribute to improving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will extract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society? It is important to remember that undergraduate education and post-graduate education are tightly linked to research.Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in an atmosphere characterized by the pursuit of new knowledge and process of discovery.An interrelated educational program will create a flow of young，bright and uninhibitedminds to work on the frontier of discovery.The fundamental mission of a university is the creation of new knowledge which sometimes has immediate practical applications.But that can never be the only goal.And making it a primary goal will frequently be short-sighted.Basic contributions to knowledge should be valued for being exactly that.Our university has an almost unique role in fostering such contribution.Choosing the right people is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in ensuring an innovative environment.There are three types of people that can be important.The first class of individuals consists of fanciful visionaries.The second class of important people in innovative environment consists of revolutionary explorers.The third class of individuals consists of uninhibited executors.在這個經濟全球化的時代背景下，大學將扮演怎樣的角色呢?大學將如何通過旨在提高生活質量、推動經濟發展的創新活動進而推動社會的進步呢?在這個日新月異、充滿變數的社會，大學又將如何培養那些善于取精用弘的學生呢?我們應該認識到，本科生教育和研究生教育都與研究緊密相連。我們的教育應該為學生創造一種可以探尋新知識、帶來新發現的氛圍，將教學與研究融合在一起的教育可以培養一批活躍在探索前沿、聰穎開放的青年才俊。大學最根本的使命就是創造新知識，雖然大學所創造的新知識有時會立即產生實際應用價值，但這決不是大學所追求的唯一目標。將獲取實際應用價值的目標定位大學的主要目標是一種短視行為。基礎研究也同樣是大學的使命，而且大學在推動基礎研究方面能發揮獨特的作用。選對人是確保創新型研究環境的首要因素，也是最為關鍵的因素。選人要選三種人：第一種人是想法活躍的思想家，第二種人是富有革命精神的探索家，第三種人是不受常規約束的實干家。Passage 6

中國國際出版集團是中國最大的、最權威的外語出版發行單位，其前身是中央人民政府新聞出版署國際新聞局。我集團堅持“讓中國走向世界，讓世界了解中國”的出版原則，全心致力于中國外語教育與研究事業的發展，全心致力于中外文化交流事業的拓展。為了加強對出版人才隊伍的建設，為了滿足日益增長的特殊出版業務的需要，我集團每年都要選派一些青年員工到國內外知名高等學府和研究機構進修，根據我們的發展戰略，我們會將前進的步伐邁出國界走向世界，瞄準海外讀者群，這一戰略已取得了良好的開局。

The China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritativeforeign language publishing and distribution establishment，its predecessor being the International Press Bureau of the Central People’s Government Press and Publication Administration.Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China’s march to the world and facilitating world’s understanding of China”，the Group commits itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff，as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business，the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions，both domestic and overseas，for further studies.As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy，we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market，aiming at the international readership.Our initial efforts have been very rewarding.Passage 7

改革開放30 年來，隨著中國逐漸崛起成為政治經濟強國，海外人士學習漢語的現象與日俱增，海外孔子學院也成了人們學習中國語言和中國文化的首選之地。通過學習漢語，他們對這個和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機會了解中國的哲學、藝術、醫學、飲食文化，親身體驗這個文明古國的風采。作為第二文化，中國文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀。可以說，這個潮流方興未艾。越來越多的學習漢語的美國人除了對中國菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術。他們也看功夫電影，學習東方時裝潮流和手工藝，不知不覺的在日常生活中談及中國的點心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國最熱門的中國文化是道家學說和有著神秘色彩的風水學.As China is rising as a political and economic world power，thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up，more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.During the learning process，the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land，whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy，art，architecture，medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerablecivilization.As the second culture，Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend，so to speak，is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine，more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture，herbal medicines，martial arts.They are also interested in kongfu films，fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandishwords such as dim sum，ginseng，gingko，oolongcha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism，and ancient school of thought，and fengshui，an ancient art of placement.Passage 8

過去10年，海平面升高和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的;生態惡化、物種滅絕、臭氧層被破壞、溫室效應、酸雨等一系列環境問題已經嚴重影響到人類的生存環境。環境惡化造成的問題之一就是缺水。目前全世界40%以上的人口，即20 多億人，面臨缺水問題。據預測，未來25 年全球人口將由60 億增長到80 億，環境保護面臨更大的壓力。中國作為一個發展中國家，面臨著發展經濟和保護環境的雙重任務。從國情出發，中國在全面推進現代化的過程中，將環境保護視為一項基本國策。眾所周知，對生態環境和生物多樣性的保護是環保工作的重點。我國野生動植物物種豐富，僅脊椎動物就有6000 多種左右，高等植物3 萬多種。

Sea level rose and forest were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decade.A series of environmental problems such as the deterioration of ecosystem，the extinction of bio-species，damage to the ozone layer，the green-house effect，acid rain，have posed a serious threat to human living conditions.Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems，namely，water shortage.Presently，more than 40% of the world’s population，more than 2 billion people，now face water shortage.It is predicted that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years，more pressure on environmental protection stress is expected.As a developing country，China is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions，China has，in the process of promoting its overall modernization program，made environmental protection one of its basic state policies.It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protection work.China is rich in wildlife species.There are about 6，000 vertebrates alone and 30，000 species of higher plants.

第三篇：上海英語中級口譯完全自學通過心得(筆試部分)

中口考試分為兩階段。第一階段筆試，一般在每年3月和9月中旬周日下午，時間150分鐘，總分250分。共分四部分：

第一部分聽力90分，分為三部分，均為30分。Part A是復合式聽寫，20個空，跟四六級考試有點類似，但區別在于全文只能聽一遍，每個空要填2-4個單詞，語速大約130詞/分。Part B是聽力理解，包括單句理解，長對話和短文。單句理解就是從四個選項中找出和所聽到的句子意思最接近的一個，長對話和短文與四六級差不多。Part C是聽譯，分為單句聽譯和篇章聽譯，都是英譯漢，即聽力放英語句子和文章，然后留出一段時間，考生寫出漢語翻譯。

第二部分閱讀60分，六篇文章，每篇文章后5個選擇題。

第三部分英譯漢50分，第四部分漢譯英50分，要求考生不借助任何詞典、參考資料和其它媒介，將一篇長度為180個單詞（漢字）左右的英（漢）語文章段落譯成漢（英）語。譯文需忠實原文的意思，且語言通順，符合譯語規范。

合格為150分。凡第一階段合格的考生方可參加第二階段口試。筆試成績兩年內有效，即筆試通過后可以參加四次口試，只要任何一次通過即可拿到口譯證書。

第二階段口試，每年5月和11月，共分兩部分：口語與口譯。口語部分要求考生就指定話題作三分鐘左右的命題發言，話題后面有三個提示問題，但不要求一定要按照問題闡述觀點。考生拿到口語試題后有五分鐘的準備時間。口譯分英譯漢和漢譯英兩部分，每部分均要求口譯主題各不相同的兩個段落。各兩段，每段四斷，每斷兩或三句，每斷單獨評分。答對11句及以上可以通過。

考生只有在通過筆試和口試兩個階段以后才能獲得《上海市英語中級口譯崗位資格證書》。

考試的指定培訓教材：《中級聽力教程》（周國強編著），《中級閱讀教程》（陳漢生編著），《中級翻譯教程》（孫萬彪、馮慎宇編著），《中級口語教程》（嚴誠忠、朱妙南編著），《中級口譯教程》（梅德明編著），均由上海外語教育出版社出版。聽力和口譯教程配有磁帶，mp3網上可以下載到。

推薦參考書：《中級口譯真題解析》，同濟大學出版社，內有八套真題并配有詳細解析，必買；新東方口試考試培訓班指定輔導用書系列，汪海濤、邱政政主編，世界圖書出版公司，一套四本，中口用到《詞匯必備》，《口試備考精要》和《中口筆試備考精要》三本；《英語中級口譯實用教程》，康志峰主編，華東理工大學出版社；《英語中高級口譯筆試沖刺》和《口試導考》，都是譚寶泉編著，前者是上海譯文出版社，后者是東華大學出版社；《實戰口譯》，（英）林超倫編著，外語教學與研究出版社，講口譯速記符號的。

網絡資源：上海外語口譯考試網（www.tmdps.cn），南京報名點；口譯資料無限網（www.tmdps.cn），海量資料下載，而且是免費的，不過最近沒有更新了；滬江口譯（tr.hjenglish.com），上面有新東方、昂立等著名培訓機構教師的博客；美國之音mp3下載（www.tmdps.cn/en/voa/），美國之音是練習泛聽的良好材料；上海新東方論壇（www.tmdps.cn/index.php），這個我上的不多，大家有興趣自己看看。

二、如何準備筆試

分為背單詞、教程學習和真題演練三個階段。如果目的只是通過考試而不是提高能力什么的，那么一切都要圍繞考試展開。也許考生里不乏有人衷心熱愛祖國的英漢翻譯事業，但我想大多數人還是像我一樣想混張證書以后找工作增加點籌碼。

1.背單詞

單詞是肯定要背的。口譯的準備一般從寒假開始，這時離你四六級考試或英語期末考試結束已經有一段時間了，背單詞可以喚醒你喪失的英語記憶。而且上面也提到口譯單詞涉及到諸多方面，其中絕大部分都是具有中國特色、與我國現階段國情緊密相關的，社會實用性很強，這些都是大學英語教學所欠缺的。有些單詞你可能以前都沒有接觸過，通過背單詞，可以初步了解口譯考試的考點。

我用的是新東方的《中/高級口譯考試詞匯必備》，這也是迄今為止我所知道的最好的口譯單詞書。它打破了單詞書按字母順序編寫的常規，將口譯常用單詞和詞組分為若干類，既有英譯中，也有中譯英，充分考慮了口譯的雙向性。所選內容除了來自教程外，還參考了國內外多種資料和媒體，很多翻譯（特別是對外口徑）都是“權威”表達。

背單詞點到為止，千萬不要花太多時間，畢竟考試不是考默寫單詞。我不理解為什么很多人準備四六級考試都是天天捧著一本單詞書寫寫劃劃的，我記得自己當時單詞就看了兩遍，還是當小說看的那種。另外這本單詞書有不少是高口，甚至高口都考不到的詞匯，中口階段沒有必要去記。對常用單詞有個印象即可，注上音標和漢語意思。

2.教程學習

同理，教程也沒必要花太多時間。通過對題型的分析可以發現，口譯考試聽力部分的長對話和短文、閱讀部分跟以前的考試完全相同，單句理解和短對話有共通之處，不同的只有聽譯和翻譯。對應到教程上就是聽力教程的聽譯部分和翻譯教程。

翻譯教程應該好好研讀。我的復習程序是：英譯漢：自己認真翻譯一遍，閱讀英語原文，查生詞，注上音標和漢語意思；看注釋；對照英語原文和參考譯文，體會翻譯方法，劃重點；對比自己譯文和所給譯文，補劃重點。漢譯英：自己翻譯；看英語翻譯，查生詞，注音標和漢語意思；看注解，對照原文和所給譯文，體會翻譯方法，劃重點；對比自己譯文和所給譯文，補劃重點。如果覺得將漢語翻譯成英語有困難或者時間不夠的話也可以直接看原文和所給譯文。

聽譯部分很多都講了影子訓練法和速記符號，具體的大家可以上網查。我個人覺得都沒有必要學，聽譯30分只占總分的1/8還不到，而且你不可能一分拿不到，只要有一定聽力基礎的一般至少10分。所以我覺得沒有必要刻意去訓練，放到真題中演練就可以了。事實上我一直到口試通過了都沒有學速記符號，只要字寫得快點自己還能認得，短期記憶也不是過目就忘，就直接全部記下來好了。試想一下，強行學了符號，上考場一緊張你還能記得多少？聽到單詞第一反應不是記下來而是想該用哪個符號代替，聽力稍瞬即逝，這種二次讀取記憶往往很危險。

三、分項突破

復合式聽寫很多人都反映文章能聽懂但就是單詞記不下來。聽力基本功最重要，此外要熟練掌握常用單詞的拼寫。因為最終考察的就是聽到單詞后寫下來，所以反應一定要快。至少達到“能基本聽懂，根據上下文意思能正確寫出”。可以“鬼畫符”盡量力求完整的把所有內容記下來，也可以用縮寫。上面說過了，根據個人情況。如果你速記符號不是很熟最好用前者。另外，在寫字的同時，耳朵還要繼續聽錄音，眼睛掃視后面的句子，大腦保持高度緊張，才能跟上錄音的速度。

聽力理解有一定難度，因為可供理解的信息比較少，只有一句，所以比短對話難猜。長對話和短文跟四六級差不多。這一部分在聽前一定要把選項仔細讀一遍，至少看完前5個題目的選項，在聽每道題目前再把四個選項好好讀幾遍，猜出題目大概會問什么，然后通過聽到的關鍵詞捕捉最有用的信息做出選擇。聽譯也是目前國內大部分英語考試中沒有出現過的題型。這種題目難度主要在于理解和記憶。首先，如果聽不懂或判斷錯了主題，就只能憑空想象亂寫一氣。其次，聽懂但轉眼就忘了，這可以通過日常的訓練加以解決。影子訓練法和速記符號大家上網去查，在這里我還是建議大家提高一下自己的寫字速度和辨認能力。我只是在真題中演練了一下，具體方法是：記筆記，在下面寫出漢語，句子聽譯和短文翻譯以及兩篇短文聽譯之間謄抄部分譯句；聽英語，看英語原文和所給譯文，體會翻譯方法，劃重點；對比自己譯文和所給譯文，劃出漏聽詞并注上譯文。

至于閱讀，中口閱讀文章的難度介于四六級之間，但是時間緊，這就要求有一定速度和準確性。建議大家在做閱讀時爭取一遍完成，不要指望回頭檢查。其實我當時閱讀考得很差，60分只拿了24分。都說閱讀是大頭，我也奇怪自己筆試怎么通過的。很慚愧所以不能給大家什么指點，好在除了文章長一點外和四六級大致相同，大家按自己一貫的方法就可以了。

翻譯包括英譯漢和漢譯英，這也是考察語言真實水平的題目。除了掌握一定的翻譯技巧和方法外，還需要有大量的翻譯實踐。翻譯題目最好都事先動手做一遍，不要以為看看答案就能做得一樣。自己譯完后再對照答案，看看什么地方理解錯誤，什么地方可以翻譯得更好。這就是上面我說的要對照、對比原文和譯文的原因。至于語言表達，一定不要強行記憶標準答案里很晦澀難懂的翻譯，一切都要以自己原有的行文習慣為基礎。能使用接近答案的語言當然更好，但只要意思能準確表達出來，基本分也能拿到。但萬一背下來的東西到考場上寫不出來，或者不小心犯了語法錯誤，分數就全沒有了。大家一定要記住這一點：筆試只要通過，成績高低對口試沒有影響。還有就是熟練掌握口譯常用詞匯，要很熟練。相對來說英譯漢比漢譯英簡單，因為漢語是我們的母語，只要英語大致看懂了，總能用漢語把意思表達出來。但漢譯英就不同了，笨一點的方法是一一對應，即每個漢語意思都與一個固定的英語單詞對應。至于諺語，一般來說中口不太能考到這個。如果是英語諺語，一定要結合上下文意思，千萬不要翻譯得太離譜；漢語諺語則領會大意，用語法正確的英語句子把大致意思表達出來就可以了。

四、臨場注意事項

聽力的時間是固定的。試卷上寫的是閱讀和翻譯各50分鐘，但我還是建議大家做完聽力后就做翻譯，40分鐘搞定，然后做閱讀。萬一到最后時間不夠了選擇題可以蒙，翻譯是一定要寫字的。

復合式聽寫做完后有約2分鐘的時間讓你把答案填到答題卷上，先不要把答案抄上去，馬上看聽力理解部分選擇題的選項猜題目。單句聽譯間隙約45秒，篇章聽譯間隙約2分半，做題時心中有數。

翻譯首先把文章通讀一遍，理清字句和層次，同時構思翻譯；一定不要全文打文字草稿，因為時間不夠，個別長句和很沒有把握的句子可以適當勾劃；保持卷面整潔，最后寫上去的答案不要太亂；最后再把譯文快速檢查一遍。

第四篇：2007年3月中級口譯筆試答案

中口真題200703參考答案

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST

Part A: Spot Dictation 1.at fault 11.treat them fairly 2.supervisors and chief executives 12.more likely to respect 3.cover up 13.have offended 4.character flaws 14.was viewed 5.affects 15.raised his voice 6.repairing your wrong 16.appropriate 7.guilty party 17.embarrassment 8.the individuals most hurt 18.were present 9.admit mistakes 19.how timely 10.the opposite is true 20.apologize for it

Part B: Listening Comprehension

1.Statements 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.D 2.Talks and Conversations 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.D 19.D 20.C 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.C 30.B

Part C: Listening and Translation

I.Sentence Translation 1.Ladies and gentlemen, since the international club meets only once every semester, for this special event, the first thing on our agenda is to elect a person to chair our meeting.女士們，先生們，我們的國際俱樂部每學期只聚會一次，所以為了本次聚會，第一項議程就是選舉出本次會議的主席。2.Scientists claim that animals, including men, can live 5 times longer than their normal period of growth.If this theory is accurate, our future generations can expect a life-span of 150 years.科學家們認為，動物，包括人類，生命期可以是其正常生長期的五倍。如果這一理論是正確的，未來人類預期壽命可達150年。

3.It seems that few employees know how to take criticism constructively.It’s only too easy to misinterpret a critical comment about a piece of work as a personal attack.看來很少有公司雇員懂得如何建設性地接受批評意見。對于一項工作的批評太容易被誤解為人身攻擊了。

4.Television can be harmful if it is watched constantly.However when it is watched in a moderate way, it is valuable as it provides relaxation, entertainment and education.如果我們不停地看電視，這對我們是有害的。但如果是適度觀看，那么電視就是有價值的，它可以起到放松、娛樂和教育的作用。

5.By the year 2000, the population of the developing world living in urban areas had risen to about 46% and it is estimated to reach more than 57% by the year 2025.至2000年，在發展中國家，城市居民比例已上升至46%，預計至2025年，這一比例將超過57%。

II.Passage Translation 1.It is not surprising that cheating is difficult to resist.Today the Internet offers many temptations – there are term papers for sale along with articles that can be copied for free with the click of a mouse.A survey finds that 30 percent of students say cheating during tests happens quite often ,and over 65 percent admit asking their friends for help even when a professor has told them to work alone.It is hard to believe that these young people will change their ways after graduation.http://tr.hjenglish.com 參考譯文：毫不奇怪，作弊是很難抵御的。今天的因特網提供了眾多的誘惑-有學期論文供出售,還有文章可以免費摘抄，你只要用鼠標一點即可。一項調查發現，30%的學生說在測試中作弊常有發生,65%的學生承認，即使教授告訴他們自己要獨立完成作業，也會向朋友求助。很難相信這些年輕人在畢業后會改變他們的這種方式。

2.Despite the bird – flu, chicken remains the most popular meat today for a number of reasons.First, its reasonable cost puts chicken within everyone’s reach.Second, chicken can be prepared so many different ways.It can ,for example, be cooked in spaghetti sauce or with noodles and soups.It can be baked, boiled or fried.Last and most important, chicken has a high nutritional value.Four ounces of chicken contain twenty–eight grams of protein, which is almost half the recommended daily dietary allowance.h 參考譯文：盡管有禽流感的威脅，雞肉仍然是當今最受歡迎的肉食品，有幾個原因：第一，雞肉價格合理，人人皆可承受。第二，雞肉吃法眾多，比如，可以同通心粉汁或面條或湯一起煮。雞肉可以燒、煮或炸著吃。最后也是最重要的一個原因是，雞肉營養價值很高。4盎司的雞肉含有28克的蛋白質，那幾乎是推薦人體每日攝入量的一半了。

SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS Questions 1~30 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.B 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.D SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST(1)

【參考譯文】

在1972年，100萬美元可真是一大筆錢。但對于住在巴黎的經營有方的美國古董商羅伯特?海克特而言，就一個精美的古希臘花瓶來說，他向紐約大都會博物館開出的這個價錢并不算高。這只花瓶的歷史比耶穌誕生還要早500年，是由當時一個公認的美術大家繪制的。自從那宗古希臘花瓶收購之后，古董的價格一路飆升。

然而，日益興盛的古董買賣，其問題不在于價格離譜，而是遠比價格更為重要的事情，那就是古董的來源。這些稀世珍寶來自何方？誰是其合法擁有者？日益增多的證據表明，越來越多的文物正在其所在國被非法挖掘。例如，最近英國對總數達546件文物的五大收藏進行了研究，確定其中82%來源可疑。從意大利到希臘到土耳其，許多國家長期來一直在抱怨走私文物交易，卻多半無法加以阻止。SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST(2)

【參考譯文】

China owes its successful bid for the World Exposition in 2010 to the international community’s support for and confidence in its reform and opening-up.The World Exposition will be the first one in a developing country since it was first held in 1851 in London, UK, which gives expression to the expectations the world’s people place on China’s future development.The theme of World Expo 2010 Shanghai is “Better City, Better Life.” The prospect of future urban life, a subject of global interest, concerns every nation and its people, Being the first World Exposition on the theme of city, Expo 2010 will attract about 200 nations and international organizations to participate in it, with an estimate of 70 million visitors from home and abroad.

第五篇：2013年9月上海中級口譯答案

Spot dictation

Next, let's talk about earthquakes on our planet.Some countries have large numbers of earthquakes.Japan is one of them.Others do not have many.For example, there are few earthquakes in Britain.There is often a great noise during an earthquake.The ground vibrates.Houses fall down.Trains run off the lines.Sometimes, there is a heavy loss of human lives.Earthquakes often happen near volcanoes, but this is not always true.The centers of some earthquakes are under the sea.The bottom of the sea suddenly moves.The powerful forces inside the earth break the rocks.The coast is shaken and great waves appear.These waves, also known as seismic waves, or tsunamis can travel long distances and rush over the land when they reach it.They are strong enough to break down houses and other buildings.Very often fires follow the most serious earthquakes.In 1906, the great earthquake at San Francisco broke the gas pipes.The gas escaped, and soon large numbers of fires were burning in the city.The water pipes were also shaken and broken, so it was not possible to put the fires out.There was no water.The Tokyo Earthquake of 1923 happened just before noon.People were cooking meals on their fires at that time.When the ground shook, the fires shook, too.Hot materials were thrown on the different parts of the houses, some of which were made of wood.Soon 134 fires were burning in the city.What kind of building stands up best in an earthquake? A building with concrete walls is perhaps the best.A steel frame will make it even stronger.The frame holds the different parts together and the walls do not easily fall.There is less chance of fire because concrete and steel do not burn.Over the years, scientists carefully studied the results of the earthquake in different parts of the world, and they are convinced that this kind of building is the safest.【2013年9月中級口譯聽力真題 Spot Dictation解析】

根據文意，本文類似一段關于地震的講座。說話者開篇就講述了地震的危害，并在之后的段落中相繼介紹了地震形成的原因，以及用1906年舊金山大地震1923年的東京大地震舉例說明了地震也會伴隨著大火。最后，通過這些生動的例子，說話者又利用一個問句引出科學家們通過研究發現，鋼筋水泥房是最安全的。

整篇文章沒有出現特別難的生詞，而且地震也是大家較為熟悉的，所以總體難度并不大。Statement：

1.George started his new job with King Brothers only a month ago and he wants to invite his boss, the sales manager to dinner.2.I got some bad news today.The store with which I work is laying off stuff.I'm worried that they are going to let me go.3.You are not supposed to see Gary tonight.He plans to finish his financial report this week and he is too busy for parties these days.4.I hope our first supply will induce your customers to place regular orders in the future.And we both can make big profits.5.These books are two weeks overdue.But luckily for me, there's a moratorium this week on fines.They are trying to encourage returns.6.May is a time for green grass, picnics, and unfortunately, examinations.In the United States, high school students take their final examinations at the end of every school year.7.China is now the third largest producer of films in the world.However, most of the revenue came from a handful of the movies produced.8.Let me explain why I questioned the feasibility of the project.We don't appear to have enough time.If we were to push our people, the quality of the product becomes questionable.9.While some species of whales are nearing extinction, many countries refuse to accept even a partial ban on whale hunting.10.In 1950, New York City was the only city with a population of ten million.Now, in 2010, worldwide we have 38 cities with populations of over ten million people.【2013年9月中級口譯聽力真題Statement解析】

statements總體難度不高，但是對于lay off，induce，overdue，moratorium，revenue，feasibility等詞還是需要同學們平時的多多積累。另外，做題過程中還要注意對數字的敏感度，如statement 10就出現了包括年份、人口數量、城市數量在內的多個數字，千萬不要一定到數字就犯暈。其實做statement還有一個要點是聽出一些包含轉折、遞進、讓步等含義的信號詞，本次的statement中出現了不少but，however，while，利用這些關鍵詞準確把握句意是做題的關鍵。

Talks and Conversations 1

Questions 11 ~ 14 are based on the following conversation.M: I’m going to Boston next week and I’d like to make some reservations.Can you fix that for me?

W: Sure.What dates are you traveling on?

M: Ur? Starting Monday, June 18, about mid-day, late morning or early afternoon.W: Let me check, please.Yes, I can get you on a noon flight from New Orleans to Boston.How does that sound?

M: That’s just fine.W: OK.Now where are you planning to stay?

M: Top Hotel, Boston.Would you make reservations for Monday, June 18 and Tuesday, June 19? Two nights, single, with bath, please.By the way, I prefer it in the non-smoking area.W: June 18 and 19.Single with bath.Non-smoking area.Top Hotel, Boston.Yes, they have the room available.M: Fine.What is the man doing? When is the man’s flight? How long is the man going to stay in Boston? Which of the following is not a requirement by the man for his accommodation?

【評析】

本對話是一段關于訂機票和酒店的日常對話，難度不大，主要考察細節獲取。在聽對話時可以預測會對日期、時間等細節進行提問，所以要注意抓取關鍵信息做好筆記。關鍵詞：make reservations 預訂 non-smoking area 無煙區

Talks and Conversations 2

Questions 15 ~ 18 are based on the following talk.If you live in the United States, there are a number of ways that you and your family can mix well with the local residents.Many large American cities have sports teams.If you are working with Americans, it would be a good idea to find out about the local sports teams so that you can participate in the almost inevitable discussions about how our team will do this year.Sports review is also a good source of information from which you can learn about the most popular sports in the country.Most Americans are car owners and some are even obsessive about the subject.They can spend hours discussing the merits of foreign cars versus American cars, deciding on the best family car or the best sports car.And car-repair is also a popular topic of discussion.You can contribute by talking about cars you have owned, or by sharing information you’ve read in automotive magazines such as Car And Driver or Popular Mechanics.Americans watch television almost every night and attend movies regularly.So naturally, television shows and the latest movies become topics for discussion.If you are unable to watch American television or attend American movies, reading the entertainment section of such magazines as Time and Newsweek will keep you up to date on what is popular in America.Reading these magazines will also give you a broad American perspective on current events in both America and the world.They are good resources for information that you can use in discussions.According to the speaker, why do we need to find out about the local sports teams in America? What magazines will give you information about American movies? Whom is the speaker addressing? What is the main idea of the talk?

【評析】本文是一篇介紹美國生活的小短文，旨在告知聽者一些融入美國生活的方式。其中介紹了美國人對于體育、汽車、影視的喜愛，聽者可以投其所好、入鄉隨俗。難度適中，考查細節理解和主旨理解。在做題時要根據全文內容把握主旨大意，同時要注意舉例時候提到的一些細節。

關鍵詞：mix 融入，混合 sports review 體育評論 obsessive 著迷的 car-repair 修車 attend movies 看電影Talks and Conversations 3

Questions 19 ~ 22 are based on the following conversation.M: Well, Shirley, now that we’ve seen the 3 apartments, which one do you like best?

W: I don’t know Brad.I know one thing.I didn’t like the one on the 68th street.M: Neither did I.Let’s cross that one off.That leaves the 72nd street one and the 80th street one.W: The one on the 80th street has a better view and a very cheerful kitchen.M: Yes, and I like the carpeting in the hall.It was clean, but there was no good place to put a desk.W: That’s true.You should always just put it in the corner of the living room.But then you wouldn’t have any privacy and the bedroom was too small.M: Right.And I do need to be able to leave my work out on the desk without having it looked into by nosy visitors.W: Oh, Brad, we don’t have that kind of visitors.But I do agree the desk shouldn’t be in the living room.It is a constant reminder of unfinished work.What about the 72nd street apartment? It has a dining area;we could eat in the kitchen and put the desk in the dining area.It’s more private there.M: Yes, that sounds OK.Only what I didn’t like about that place was the west wind though.It gets quite hard in the late afternoon with the sun beating down on the window.W: Didn’t you notice the air-conditioner?

M: No, was there one?

W: Yes, and we could improve on the curtains too.M: That place did have the best parking facilities of the three.W: Yes, I think that apartment is best for our needs.There is good parking and there is a semi-private area for your desk.That takes care of the daily activities.We will just let the other chips fall where they may.M: OK.Let’s take that one.How many apartments have they seen? Why did Brad and Shirley cross off the apartment on the 68th street? What is wrong with the west window? Which considerations are crucial in Brad and Shirley’s choice of an apartment? Which apartment have they decided to rent?

【評析】本對話選自中級口譯聽力教程。這是一段關于挑選公寓的日常對話，難度適中，主要考察細節理解。通過對話，將每個公寓進行了比較，提出了各自的優缺點，最后進行權衡，選擇了第72大街的公寓。在做題時要聽清楚每項描述具體屬于哪一公寓，避免混淆。

關鍵詞：cross off 劃掉 privacy 隱私 nosy 好管閑事的 parking facility 泊車設施

Let the chips fall where they may.不管后果如何。

Talks and Conversations 4

Questions 23—26 are based on the following conversation.As any parent will tell you, small cuts and miner grazes are unavoidable among small children.Such cuts and grazes will usually need little or no treatment.The bleeding will clean the wound naturally, and it should stop within a few minutes, as the blood clots and dries.More serious cuts may need to be gently cleaned with soft cotton and warm water.They should then be dressed with a clean cotton bandage.Follow this simple checklist of questions.Ask yourself each of these questions in order to make sure you treat cuts and grazes properly:

Firstly, is the cut on the face? If it is, call a doctor as soon as possible – especially if the eye is injured.Secondly, is the cut near the eye? If it is, put a clean piece of cotton wool over it and press down firmly for about 5 minutes.Thirdly, ask yourself if the cut is still bleeding badly.If it is, dress it with a clean cotton bandage and call a doctor as soon as possible.Fourthly, is the cut a deep one, and is it wide open? If it is, clean the cut gently, with clean cotton wool and a little warm water.Then hold it close with an adhesive dressing.Fifth question: was the cut made by a nail or a long, sharp piece of wood? If it was, there may be some dirt in the cut.Let it bleed for a while, to clean itself.Then clean it with cotton wool and warm water and dress it with a clean cotton bandage.Finally, don't forget that young children can become very easily upset or shocked by a cut-especially if it is a serious one.Try to keep them calm and quiet.Don't give them anything to drink, but keep their lips wet with a little water.Q23 What do we learn from the beginning of the talk?

Q24 According to the talk, when should you call a doctor immediately?

Q25 What should you do if the cut is made by a nail or a sharp piece of wood?

Q26 What should you do if the child is nervous or upset?

Talks and Conversations 4

Questions 27--30 are based on the following conversation.W: Are you still having troubles with your car?

M: Yes, it’s been in the repair shop 3 times this month.I should get a new car instead of a second-hand one, but I can’t afford to buy a new one.W: New cars cost a fortune these days.My brother-in-law just paid 15,000 dollars for his new one.That’s almost half as much as they paid for their house 10 years ago!

M: But what you do without car? We can’t get along without them.W: We all depend too much on our cars.I drive my husband to the train and drive the children to school.Then I drive to the store for food and drive the kids home from school.After that, it’s time to drive to the railroad station again.M: Remember when drive-in movies were new? Now lots of people watch movies from their cars.W: And now there are drive-in banks where you can cash a check without going into the bank.In some places there are drive-in libraries, churches, and post offices.M: I’ve even read about a wedding that was performed in a car!

W: Where was that?

M: There was an article about it in last night’s newspaper.There’s a town in Florida where you can get married without getting out of your car.I remember the name of that town: lovely lady Florida.W: Do you mean that the minister marries the couple in their automobile?

M: No, there’s no minister.They aren’t church marriages.The justice of the peace gets into the car to perform the ceremony.W: In spite of all these modern conveniences, people still feel tired at the end of the day.M: People don’t get any exercise.They have stopped going to tennis courts or baseball fields.That’s why they get fat.W: So then they buy expensive machines to give them exercises at home.M: It really doesn’t make sense.Q27 Which of the following is true about the man?

Q28 Which of the following drive-in facilities is not mentioned in the conversation?

Q29 According to the newspaper, what happened in the town of Love Lady Florida?

Q30 What main idea is discussed in the conversation?

Sentence Translation

1.Evidence shows that older people who participate in lifelong learning are healthier, more active, and have more social contacts.有證據表明，參與終身學習的老年人更健康，更積極，和社會的接觸也更多。

【解析】本句沒有太難的句式，定語從句譯為“??的”即可。關鍵詞participate in 參加，lifelong learning 終身學習，這是近年來較為流行的一個詞，同學們可適當記一下。

2.According to a survey made on more than 100 brands of bottled water in the supermarket, bottled water may not be cleaner or safer than tap water from our kitchen.根據一項針對超市里100個品牌的瓶裝水的調查顯示，瓶裝水不一定比我們廚房里的自來水更干凈或更安全。

【解析】survey后的非謂語結構可以譯為“??的”，并適當增詞，“針對??的調查”，后半句難度較低，注意把比較級譯出即可。關鍵詞tap water 自來水。

3.Basketball has become one of America’s most popular sports, and it can be played outside or indoors.Basketball became an Olympic game in 1936, but it was invented in 1891.籃球已經成為了美國最受歡迎的運動之一，既可以在室內進行也可以在室外進行。1936年，籃球成為奧運會項目，但是它在1891年就已經誕生了。

【解析】該句要搞清楚兩個時間點對應的分別是哪兩件事，1936年，對應籃球成為奧運項目，1891年對應籃球的發明。

4.China now has the world’s largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change.目前中國擁有世界上最大的手機移動網絡，而且它正在投資新能源，既保持經濟持續增長，又能應對氣候變化。

【解析】本句要注意的是一些詞的轉譯，比如combat climate change，combat本意為“與??戰斗”，和氣候變化搭配，略有不妥，可轉譯為中文里常說的“應對”。

5.People climb mountains for many reasons.Some enjoy the challenge of trying to reach high places, others like to explore and admire the beauty of nature.人們爬山有很多理由。有人享受努力攀登高峰的挑戰，有人喜愛探索并欣賞自然的美景。

【解析】該句需要注意的是不要漏譯，如最后的explore and admire，有人爬山除了探索，還有欣賞自然美景，不要漏譯了admire。

Passage Translation 1

How many people in the United States own a computer? According to a recent survey, three out four American adults, 76% claimed to own a computer.Nowadays people use computers for simple tasks, such as writing e-mail letters，and for more complex tasks such as e-commerce or e-banking.Children use computers to play games or they use them to do homework.With a popularity of personal computers, computers will be more advanced.And they will be easily accessible by people all around the world.【參考譯文】

在美國多少人有電腦？最近的調查顯示，美國成年人中，四個人中間有三個人有，即76%計劃過擁有一臺電腦。現今人們用電腦來完成簡單的任務，如寫電子郵件，在更復雜的任務方面，例如用其進行電子商務或電子銀行。兒童用電腦玩游戲或用來做家庭作業。隨著個人電腦的普及，電腦將更先進。并且電腦將方便世界各地的人們。

【評析】該段話題主要講美國電腦的普及情況及用途。是我們非常熟悉的話題。聽譯的時候注意記住數據及核心詞譯法。其他表達英譯漢要符合漢語表達習慣。

關鍵詞：

e-mail 電子郵件

e-commerce 電子商務

e-bank 電子銀行

accessible 易使用的，可得到的

Passage Translation 2

It is easy to show that intelligence is something we are born with.The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.If we take two unrelated people at random, their degree of intelligence might be completely different.Yes, on the other hand we take two identical trends.They will very likely be as intelligent as each other.Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children usually have similar intelligence.And these clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.【參考譯文】

很容易說明我們的智力是天生的。兩人之間的血緣關系越近，他們的智力可能越接近。如果我們隨機拿兩個不相干的人來看，他們的智商水平可能會完全不同。反之亦然。他們很可能會彼此都一樣聰明。像兄妹之間、父母和子女之間這種關系，他們通常有相似的智力。這些清楚地表明智力取決于天生。

【評析】本段主要是談論血緣關系遠近與智力水平相似度關系。聽譯時注意原文表達關系時先后邏輯順序及論證過程。注意比較級結構。聽懂大意再下筆。

關鍵詞：

intelligence n.智力

blood relationship 血統，血緣關系

identical adj.相同的

intelligent adj.聰明的，智能的

【2013年9月中級口譯英譯漢原文】

Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e.Government by people selected according to merit.But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as a the advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society?s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle.And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity.The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care.It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education.【2013年9月中級口譯英譯漢參考譯文】

美國人可能比任何其他國家的人都更相信他們生活在一個精英制度之下，人們推選的政府也是據其優勢。然而，這個自我形象是一種幻想：作為先進國家，實際上美國的突出特點是出身至關重要，在這個國度里，來自社會底層的人幾乎沒有機會爬到社會中層，更不用說社會頂層。

如果你要問為什么實際上美國比其他西方國家都要階級分明，主要原因就是我們的政府在創造公平機會方面的失敗。

這種不公平很早以前就開始了：在美國，由于社會安全網存在漏洞，這就意味著低收入的母親和他們的孩子完全有可能存在營養不良，得不到足夠的醫療服務。孩子到了上學年齡這種情況也不會得到改觀，他們所遇到的體制是富人可以送自己的孩子到資金充足的好的公立學校上學，如果愿意，還可以從送到私立學校上學，而窮人孩子接受的教育卻非常差。

【2013年9月中級口譯英譯漢評析】

這篇文章出自克魯格曼《紐約時報》專欄文章America?s Unlevel Field（“并不公平的美國競技場 ”），繼續抨擊共和黨總統候選人羅姆尼。同學平時備考選材多注意這些外國報刊文章。這篇文章的難度比較適中，其中第一個長句是難點，也是理解整個短文的重點。

關鍵詞

meritocracy 英才教育(制度)，精英 理的社會

self-image 自我形象，自我定位

stand out 突出，引人注目

affluent 富裕的，豐富的

【2013年9月中級口譯漢譯英原文】

自古以來，我國各民族人民勞動、生息、繁衍在祖國的土地上，各民族組之間建立了緊密的政治經濟文化聯系，早在兩千多年前就形成了幅員遼闊的統一國家。悠久的中華文化，成為維系民族團結和國家統一的牢固紐帶。

我們的先人歷來把獨立自主作為立國之本。中國作為人類文明發祥地之一，在幾千年的歷史進程中，文化傳統始終沒有中斷。近代中國雖屢遭列強欺凌，國勢衰敗，但經過全民族的百年抗爭，又以巨人的姿態重新站立起來。

【2013年9月中級口譯漢譯英參考譯文】

From ancient times, our people of all ethnic groups have labored, lived, multiplied on this land, where closely-knitted political, economic and cultural links have been established.As early as two thousand years ago, we have built a unified nation with a vast territory.The long-standing Chinese cultures become a strong bond for ethnic harmony and national unity.Our ancestors were dedicated to the proposition of maintaining independence.As one of the cradles of human civilizations，China has all along maintained its cultural tradition without letup in the history of several thousand years.In modern times, the frequent bullying and humiliation by imperialist powers once weakened China.However, after a hundred year's struggle of the entire Chinese nation, China has stood up again as a giant.【2013年9月中級口譯漢譯英評析】

這篇文章難度適中。一般源自領導人講話材料，因此口譯考試多關注國家領導發言稿。

本篇重點在于一些關于民族歷史和發展的固定搭配詞匯。如：勞動、繁衍、生息、幅員遼闊的統一國家、紐帶、發祥地等，因此注意積累相關固定表達。