第一篇:考研詞匯總結(jié)
1998 Passage 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
imagination??/????????????????/(想象;想象力)←imagin(e)想象+tion名詞后綴。Imagination is more important than knowledge.想象力比知識更重要。imagination — ①the highest kite one can fly ②a poor substitute for experience 想象——①一個(gè)人能放得最高的風(fēng)箏 ②經(jīng)驗(yàn)的劣質(zhì)替代品。
symbol ?/?????????/??(符號;象征)即sym+bol,sym-共同,bol看作ball,“共同喜歡球類運(yùn)動”→這是現(xiàn)代人的“象征”。Light is the symbol of truth.光是真理的象征。
cement??/?????????/(v.膠合;鞏固n.水泥;膠接劑)。A sweet and innocent compliance is the cement of love.溫柔天真的依從是愛情的粘合劑。
deprive??/??????????/(v.剝奪)即de+priv+e,de-(=away),priv詞根“個(gè)人的”(如private→priv+ate→私人的),“使某物離開個(gè)人”→剝奪。Poverty often deprives a man of all spirit and virtue;it is hard for an empty bag to stand upright.貧窮常使人喪失全部精神與美德,空袋子是難以直立的。
persist??/????????????/??(v.堅(jiān)持,持續(xù))即per+sist,per-“完全”,sist詞根“站立”,于是“自始至終都站著”→堅(jiān)持。參consistently(始終如一地),1999年P(guān)assage 5。To persist in efforts without losing the aim will finally result in success.不失目標(biāo)地堅(jiān)持努力終將導(dǎo)致成功。
complex??/???????????/??(復(fù)雜的;綜合的;聯(lián)合體)即com+plex,com-“一起”,plex詞根“重疊”,“重疊在一起的”→復(fù)雜的。參perplex(使困惑,使復(fù)雜化)←per完全+plex,2003年Text 2。Everything is simpler than you think and at the same time more complex than you imagine.凡事都比你思考的簡單,同時(shí)比你想象的復(fù)雜。
go-ahead n.批準(zhǔn),允許。wrong-headed 執(zhí)迷不悟的。
environmental????????????????????????(周圍的,環(huán)境的)←environment環(huán)境+al形容詞后綴。What is the thing called health? Simply a state in which the individual happens transiently to be perfectly adapted to his environment.Obviously, such states cannot be common, for the environment is in constant flux.稱為健康的東西是什么?不過是一種狀態(tài),處于這種狀態(tài)的人剛好一時(shí)對環(huán)境完全適應(yīng)。這種狀態(tài)顯然不可能常見,因?yàn)榄h(huán)境是在不斷改變的。environment — everything that isn't me 環(huán)境——除我以外的一切。
proper??????????????(適當(dāng)?shù)模缓虾躞w統(tǒng)的;固有的)。Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style.風(fēng)度的準(zhǔn)確定義就是在適當(dāng)?shù)膱龊险f適當(dāng)?shù)脑挕 fool, indeed, has great need of a title;it teaches men to call him count or duke, and thus forget his proper name of fool.傻瓜的確非常需要頭銜,那使人們稱他為伯爵或公爵,從而忘掉他固有的名字——傻瓜。
resolve???????????????(v.n.決心;解決;決議)←re+solve解決。同根詞:dissolve(v.溶解;解散)←dis+solve。The reason why a great man is great is that he resolves to be a great man.偉人之所以偉大,是因?yàn)樗⒅疽蔀閭ト恕?/p>
conflict ????????????????(v.n.沖突)即con+flict,con-一起,flict詞根“打”,“打在一起”→沖突。A marriage without conflicts is almost as inconceivable as a nation without crisis.沒有沖突的婚姻幾乎與沒有危機(jī)的國家一樣難以想象。
hydroelectric?????????????????????/(水電的)即hydro+electric,hydro詞根“水的”,electric單詞“電的”。另記:hydrogen(氫)←hydro+gen,這是化學(xué)家創(chuàng)造的英文單詞,因?yàn)闅錃馊紵奈ㄒ划a(chǎn)物是水,-gen后綴意為“致??的物質(zhì)”。
irrigation???????????????????(灌溉;水利)與irritation(激怒;刺激物)一字母之差,聯(lián)想記憶:“溉”的聲母為g,故灌溉為irriGation,而irriTAtion為激怒“他”。
at the mercy of 受??支配;stop just short of 幾乎要??;far from guaranteed 根本沒有保障。1998 Passage 2重點(diǎn)詞匯:
assume ??????????(v.假定;承擔(dān);呈現(xiàn))。Optimism assumes, or attempts to prove, that the universe exists to please us, and pessimism that it exists to displease us.樂觀主義假定或企圖證明宇宙存在是為了使我們快樂;悲觀主義則假定或企圖證明那是為了使我們不快樂。When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.當(dāng)一個(gè)人承擔(dān)了公眾的信任,就應(yīng)該視自己為公眾財(cái)產(chǎn)。They who assume a character that does not belong to them generally betray themselves by overacting.裝模作樣的人常常由于表現(xiàn)過火而露出原形。
lump????????(團(tuán)塊;使成團(tuán)塊)。An overdose of praise is like ten lumps of sugar in coffee;only a very few people can swallow it.過量的贊揚(yáng)有如在咖啡里放了十塊糖,只有極少數(shù)的人能咽得下去。
acceleration??????????????????(加速;加速度)即ac+celer+ation,ac-加強(qiáng)前綴,celer詞根“速度”,-ation名詞后綴;反義詞為deceleration(減速)←de向下+celer+ation。
rebound ???????????(v.n.反彈)←re反+bound跳。
evidence????????????(證據(jù),跡象)即e+vid+ence,e-(=ex-),vid詞根“看”=vis(如visible→vis+ible→可見的),-ence名詞后綴,“能看出來的東西”→證據(jù)。Growth is the only evidence of life.成長是生命的唯一證明。
treasury????????????(寶庫,國庫)即treasur(e)+y,treasure(n.財(cái)寶v.珍愛),-y表“地方”,于是“放財(cái)寶的地方”→寶庫。Collection of famous quotes and collection of mottoes are the most important treasure of the society.名言集和格言集是社會最可貴的財(cái)富。Let us learn to treasure only good and reject the evil in everything.讓我們學(xué)會只珍視善,而排斥一切事物中的惡。
disjunction????????????????(n.分離,分裂)即dis+junction,dis-否定前綴,junction(n.連接,連接處)。anecdote?????????????(趣聞,軼事)諧音:安妮(Annie)可逗她←用“趣聞”來逗女孩子開心。anecdote —
a joke in evening dress 趣聞——穿著晚禮服的笑料。
profitability???????????????????(收益率)即profit+ability,profit(v.n.收益),-ability名詞后綴;參profitable,1999年P(guān)assage 5。profitability — the sovereign criterion of the enterprise 有利可圖——企業(yè)的至高無上的準(zhǔn)則。
ineptly????????????(不相宜地;無能地)即in+ept+ly,in-否定前綴,ept(=apt)適宜的,-ly副詞后綴。revenue????????????(財(cái)政收入;稅收)←re+venue,另可記avenue(林蔭道;途徑)←a+venue。Economy is of itself a great revenue.節(jié)約本身就是一大筆收入。
blunt????????率直的;鈍的;使鈍。
consultant ?????????????(顧問)即consult+ant,consult(v.商量;查詢),-ant表“人”;參consultancy,2002年Text 3。consultant — someone who will take your watch off your wrist and tell you what time it is 顧問——把你的手表從你手腕上摘下來,然后告訴你時(shí)間的人。
1998 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
relationship?/????????????/?(關(guān)系)←relation關(guān)系+ship抽象名詞后綴(如:friendship友誼)。There is no more lovely, friendly, and charming relationship, communion, or company than a good marriage.世上沒有一種關(guān)系、交流或陪伴比美滿的婚姻更愉快、友好和迷人。The relation of genius to talent is the same as that of instinct to reason.天賦與才能的關(guān)系一如本能與理智的關(guān)系。
aspect?/???????/?(外表;方面);參spectacle(場面;奇觀),2000年P(guān)assage 5。A real genius possesses talents in many aspects, but they are brought into play only by chance and in a single field.真正的天才具有多方面的才能,只是處于偶然而僅在單一的領(lǐng)域中得到施展。
rebelling?/????????/?(n.反叛)看作re+bell+ing,re-反復(fù),bell鈴,-ing表“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”,聯(lián)想:監(jiān)獄里警鈴大作→犯人們“造反”了!rebel(v.反叛n.反叛者)。As long as the world shall last there will be wrong, and if no man rebelled, those wrongs would last forever.只要世界繼續(xù)存在就會有不公正,如果沒有人反抗,這些不公正將永遠(yuǎn)存在下去。No one can go on being a rebel too long without turning into an autocrat.沒有人能一直做叛逆者而不變成獨(dú)裁者。rebel — a man who says no 反叛者——說“不”的人。
Catholic?/????????/?(天主教的;天主教徒)看作Cat+hol(e)+ic后綴,“天主教的”“天主教徒”像“貓”一樣住在“洞”里刻苦修行。As a Roman Catholic I thank God for the heretics.Heresy is only another word for freedom of thought.身為天主教徒,我為異端者的存在而感謝上帝,異端不過是思想自由的別名。
harsh /????/(粗糙的;刺耳的;嚴(yán)厲的)意同hard,因發(fā)音為“哈噓”,故又表示“刺耳的”。Harsh counsels have no effect: they are like hammers which are always repulsed by the anvil.刺耳的勸告不會收效:它們就像總是被鐵砧彈回的錘。
schism /??????/(組織的分裂;派系)←sch+ism,sch看作scholar(學(xué)者),-ism抽象名詞后綴,學(xué)者之間是分“派系”的。superstition /??????????????/(迷信)即super+sti+tion,super-前綴=over,sti詞根=stand,-tion名詞后綴,“超出站的地方”→在理性觀念之外→迷信。Superstition comes from fear, while fear in turn comes from ignorance.迷信來自恐懼,恐懼又來自無知。superstition — someone else's religion 迷信——別人的宗教。
creationism /??????????????/(神創(chuàng)論)←creation+ism。
elimination /?????????????/(消除)即e+limin+ation,e-(=ex-)出,limin詞根“門”,-ation名詞后綴,“拒之門外”→排除;動詞形式為eliminate←e+limin+ate。同根詞:preliminary(預(yù)備的,初步的)←pre在前+limin+ary形容詞后綴。Envy is more difficult to eliminate than hate between two people.在兩個(gè)人之間,忌妒比仇恨更難消除。
smallpox /??????????/(天花)即small+pox,small小,pox看作box(據(jù)說古人老外書寫字母無方向性,故對稱字母常可替換而詞義不變),感染天花者所發(fā)的皮疹像一個(gè)個(gè)凸出皮膚表面的“小盒子”。BTW:天花是首個(gè)在全球范圍內(nèi)被人類所消滅的傳染病,現(xiàn)天花病毒僅存在于少數(shù)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中,對于是否徹底銷毀這些病毒植株曾引起極大爭論,故真題原文中提到“提倡消滅所有現(xiàn)存的天花病毒的官方人士”。
dispute /?????????/(v.爭論)即dis+put+e,dis-否定前綴,put看作單詞“放”,e小詞,有人說“放”有人說“不放”→爭論。A long dispute means that both parties are wrong.持久的爭論意味著雙方都是錯(cuò)的。
Unabomber /???????????/(郵寄炸彈的恐怖分子)是FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)造的新詞,由university and airline bomber縮略而成,原指某位專向高級行政或科研人員郵寄炸彈的遁世大學(xué)教授,后泛指類似行為者。關(guān)于Unabomber尚需補(bǔ)充兩點(diǎn):
一、今年出版的某品牌考研輔導(dǎo)書竟將Unabomber譯作“反原子彈組織”,想必是把un理解為否定前綴,在對譯者豐富想象力表示由衷傾佩的同時(shí),考研資料之良莠不齊亦可見一斑。
二、那位被稱作Unabomber的早年畢業(yè)于哈佛的教授于1995年出版了著名的Unabomber's Manifesto(網(wǎng)上到處有原文下載),書中作者將environmentalists視為同盟,并表達(dá)了scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia的觀點(diǎn),于是可理解真題文章中為何人們將“環(huán)境主義者”與“反科學(xué)”聯(lián)系起來。
manifesto/????????????/(n.宣言)←manifest+o,manifest(v.表明,見2000年P(guān)assage 1),o看作張大的嘴,“用嘴表明”→宣言。Manifesto of the Communist Party 《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》。
scorn /?????/(v.n.輕蔑)可看作s+corn,s象形“蛇”,corn谷,蛇因不吃谷物而對之“蔑視”。Silence is the perfect expression of scorn.沉默是輕蔑的充分表達(dá)。In the very books in which philosophers bid us scorn fame, they inscribe their names.正是在教導(dǎo)我們蔑視名聲的書籍中,哲人們題下了自己的大名。
depletion /??????????/(損耗)即de+plet+ion,de-(=away),plet充滿,-ion名詞后綴,“離開充滿的狀態(tài)”→損耗。
ozone /???????/(臭氧)←o+zone,o看作“洞”,zone區(qū)域,聯(lián)想:由于全球變暖,“臭氧”層出現(xiàn)一個(gè)大洞。epithet /???????/(稱號,綽號)看作epi+the+t,epi-前綴=up,the定冠詞,t他,“在他名字上面加個(gè)東西”→綽號。exemplify /????????????/(v.舉例說明)即exempl(e)+ify,exemple=example(元音替換詞義不變),-ify動詞后綴。
1998 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
standstill ????????????(n.停止;停頓的)←stand+still。
enthrone ??????????(使登基;給予最高地位)即en+throne,en-前綴“使”,throne(寶座;王權(quán))。numerically ?????????????????(在數(shù)字上)即numer+ical+ly,numer=number(b脫落),-ical形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴。
prevail ??????????(v.取勝;盛行)←pre+vail。I believe that man will not merely endure.He will prevail.我相信人不會僅僅是忍受,他終將勝利。Culture has one great passion — the passion for sweetness and light.It has one even yet greater, the passion for making them prevail.教養(yǎng)有種強(qiáng)烈地對友善的渴望,還有一種甚至更強(qiáng)烈的渴望,即渴望使友善盛行。
nonstop????????????(不斷的;不停地)←non+stop。
demographer ?????????????(人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家)即demo+graph+er,demo詞根“人”,graph詞根“寫”,-er表“人”;參democracy,2000年P(guān)assage 5。
overcrowdedness ??????????????????(過于擁擠)←over+crowd+ed+ness。Ant says, nothing can beat the crowd.螞蟻說,群體是不可戰(zhàn)勝的。
plague ???????(瘟疫;災(zāi)害)諧音:怕累咯←怕“瘟疫”累及自身。Bad habits are as infectious by example as the plague itself is by contact.惡習(xí)易于由實(shí)例傳播,就像瘟疫的傳播借助于接觸。One was never married, and that's his hell;another is, and that's his plague.一個(gè)人從未結(jié)婚,這是他的痛苦;另一個(gè)結(jié)了婚,這是他的災(zāi)難。1957年獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的法國現(xiàn)代存在主義思想家加繆(Camus)的代表作之一就是長篇小說——The Plague(《鼠疫》)。
urbanization ?????????????????(都市化)即urban+iz(e)+ation,urban都市的,-ize“使??”,-ation名詞后綴。
discern ?????????(v.認(rèn)出;辨別)←dis+cern。The beginning of all war may be discerned not only by the first act of hostility, but by the counsels and preparations foregoing.一切戰(zhàn)爭的開端不僅可由首次敵對行動區(qū)分,也可由事前的策劃和準(zhǔn)備識別。
distinguish ?????????????(v.區(qū)別),參extinguish,2003年Text 2。We drink without thirst, and we make love any time, madame.Only this distinguishes us from the other animals.我們不渴而飲,隨時(shí)示愛,夫人。使我們與其它動物相區(qū)別的只有這一點(diǎn)。
unanimously ?????????????????(無異議地)即un(i)+anim+ous+ly,uni-“一”,anim詞根“生命;精神”(如animal→anim+al→動物),-ous形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴,“在精神上一致地”→無異議地。
1998 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
interior ???????????(內(nèi)部的;內(nèi)部)←inter+ior,inter“在里面”,-ior后綴。Laughter, n.— An interior convulsion, producing a distortion of the features and accompanied by inarticulate noises.笑,名詞——一種體內(nèi)痙攣,造成面容的變形并伴有說不出話的陣陣難聽的聲音。
milestone ????????????(里程碑)←mile+stone。The invention of the wheel was a milestone in the history of the world.發(fā)明輪子是世界歷史上的重大事件。
reminder ???????????(n.暗示)←remind提醒+er。The music at a marriage procession always reminds me of the music of soldiers marching to battle.結(jié)婚行列行進(jìn)時(shí)的音樂總是使我想起士兵們投入戰(zhàn)斗的音樂。
construct ????????????(v.建設(shè),構(gòu)造)即con+struct,con-“一起”,struct詞根“建造”;同義同根詞:structure(v.n.構(gòu)造)←struct+ure后綴。Taking to pieces is the trade of those who cannot construct.拆卸是那些不會建造的人的行為。
readily ?????????(容易地;樂意地)即ready的副詞形式,已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好的事情做起來當(dāng)然是“容易地”,于是做事的人當(dāng)然是非常“樂意地”。Nothing is so easy as to deceive one's self;for what we wish, that we readily believe.再沒有比欺騙自己更容易的事了,因?yàn)閷τ谙M氖拢覀兛偸菢酚谙嘈拧?/p>
opposite??????????(對立的;對立面)即op+pos+ite,op-“反”(ob-在p前變形為op-),pos詞根“放”,-ite后綴,“反過來放”→對立的。Almost every wise saying has an opposite one, not less wise, to balance it.幾乎所有的格言都有意思相反的一句,其智慧并不遜色,以便使之平衡。The opposite of love is indifference.愛的對立物是冷漠。
instrument ?????????????(工具,儀器,樂器)即instru(ct)+ment,instruct指導(dǎo),-ment后綴,“能幫人們做事的東西”→儀器。Circumstances are the rulers of the weak, instruments of the wise.弱者受制于環(huán)境,智者利用環(huán)境。
significance???????????????(意義;重要性)即signify(y變形為i)表示+cance名詞后綴,“表示出來的東西”→意義。形容詞形式為significant,見2002年Text 3。The whole significance of life lies in the unremitting efforts to explore the unknown and increase knowledge.生活的全部意義在于不懈努力探索未知事物與增加知識。It is undesirable to try to damage the significance of all life simply for love.僅僅由于愛情就試圖抹殺全部生活的意義是不可取的。
confine ??????????(v.限制)即con+fine,con-“一起”,fine詞根“界限”,于是“全部有界限”→限制。參define(2002年Text 4);finite(2000年P(guān)assage 3)等。The world owes all its onward impulses to men ill at ease.The happy man inevitably confines himself within ancient limits.世界的全部前進(jìn)動力都?xì)w功于對現(xiàn)狀不滿的人們,感到愉快的人必然把自己限制在舊框架之內(nèi)。reference ??????????(涉及;參考)←refer參考+ence。We live in reference to past experience and not to future events, however inevitable.我們參照過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)而非未來的事件生活,不管那些事件如何必然發(fā)生。
propel ?????????(v.推動,驅(qū)使)即pro+pel,pro-向前,pel詞根“推”。同根詞:compel(v.強(qiáng)迫)←com+pel;repel(v.擊退;抵制)←re(=back)+pel。
fissure ???????(v.裂開n.裂隙)看作f+is+sure,“裂開”的東西上面有“縫”(f)是(is)肯定(sure)的。
formation ????????????(構(gòu)成)←form構(gòu)成+ation名詞后綴。The self is not something ready-made, but something in continuous formation through choice of action.自我并非現(xiàn)成之物,而是通過行為的選擇不斷形成的。
mutability ????????????????(易變性)即mut+ability,mut詞根“交換”,-ability名詞后綴表性質(zhì),“具有交換的性質(zhì)”→易變性。參commute,2000年P(guān)assage 4。mutability of human affairs 人世滄桑。
[推薦]1997年考研英語閱讀真題重點(diǎn)單詞記憶 1997 Passage 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
parliamentary?????????????????(議會的,國會的)←parliament+ary。A parliament is nothing less than a big meeting of more or less idle people.議會無非是多少有些懶散的人們的一個(gè)大聚會。parliament — the longest running farce in the West End 議會——倫敦西區(qū)連續(xù)演出時(shí)間最長的鬧劇。
incurably ??????????????(不可治地)即in+cur+ably,in-否定前綴,cur詞根“治療”,-ably可??地;形容詞形式為incurable←in+cur+able。a incurably disease 不治之癥。
bulletin ??????????(布告)可看作bullet+in,“留有彈痕的布告”,如圖(偶用PS做的):
euthanasia ???????????????(安樂死)看作eu+than+asia,eu諧音“已有”,than比,asia亞洲,“安樂死在亞洲之外的地方已有了”。euthanasia — ①a way of putting old people out of their family's misery ②never having to tell your parents you're sorry 安樂死——①將老人從家庭的痛苦中解脫出來 ②絕對不必向父母道歉。
domino ??????????(多米諾骨牌)用諧音記。
diagnose ????????????(v.診斷)←diag+nose,diag看作dog(元音替換),nose鼻子,“狗鼻子”→聞(聯(lián)想中醫(yī)之“望聞問切”)→診斷。
certificate ????????????(證書)即certif(y)+ic+ate,certify證明,-ic形容詞后綴,-ate作名詞后綴表“物”,于是“具證明性質(zhì)的東西”→證書。I must discard riches, the certificate of slavery.我必須拋棄財(cái)富這張奴隸證書。
objection ????????????(反對)即ob+ject+ion,ob-前綴“朝向”,ject詞根“投擲”,-ion名詞后綴,“向別人扔?xùn)|西”→反對。同根詞:reject→re(=back)+ject→扔回去→拒絕;inject→in+ject→向里扔→注入。All poets pretend to write for immortality, but he whole tribe have no objection to present pay and present praise.所有詩人都自稱是為不巧的名聲而寫作,可這些家伙對眼前的稿酬與眼前的贊揚(yáng)卻全無異議。
sink in 被了解;cool off 使冷靜。1997 Passage 2 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
courteous ??????????(有禮貌的)即court+eous,court看作單詞“宮廷”,-eous形容詞后綴,“宮廷的”→有禮貌的。
observation ???????????????(觀察;pl.觀察后的言論)←observe觀察+ation。God creates by intuition;man creates by inspiration, strengthened by observation.上帝憑著直覺創(chuàng)造,人類憑著由觀察加強(qiáng)的靈感創(chuàng)造。
deserve ?????????(v.應(yīng)受,值得)與desert一起記,“沙漠是應(yīng)該受到重視的”。It is better to deserve honors and not to have them than to have them and not deserve them.理應(yīng)擁有榮譽(yù)而不擁有它們勝過擁有榮譽(yù)而不應(yīng)擁有它們。
charitable ????????????(仁慈的)即charit(y)+able,charity仁慈,-able形容詞后綴。A bone to the dog is not charity.Charity is the bone shared with the dog, when you are just as hungry as the dog.給狗一根骨頭算不上仁慈,仁慈是在你跟狗一樣饑餓時(shí)與狗分享的骨頭。charity — ①giving someone the washing machine it wasn't worth having mended ②the only thing that can persuade us to get rid of old clothes and shoes 慈善——①將已經(jīng)不值得修理的洗衣機(jī)送給別人 ②唯一能夠說服我們清除破舊衣鞋的理由。assumption ???????????(假定;承擔(dān);呈現(xiàn))是assume的名詞形式;參consumption,2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆斷——把事情弄糟的根源。
interrelationship ??????????????????????(相互關(guān)系)即inter+relation+ship,inter-相互,relation關(guān)系,-ship抽象名詞后綴。
encounter ???????????(v.n.遭遇)即en+counter,en-使,counter對面,“使面對面”→遭遇。If we encountered a man of rare intellect, we should ask him what books he read.若遇到才智非凡的人,就應(yīng)該問他讀的是哪些書。
individual ???????????????(個(gè)別的;個(gè)體)即in+divid+ual,in-否定前綴,divid詞根“分”,-ual后綴,“不可再分的”→個(gè)別的。同根詞:divide(v.分配;除);subdivide→sub在下+divide→“在下面分”→再分。The worth of a state, in the long run, is the worth of the individuals composing it.歸根結(jié)底,國家的價(jià)值就是組成它的個(gè)人的價(jià)值。In science, the total absorption of the individual event in the generalization is the goal;on the other hand, the humanities are concerned rather with providing for the special meaning of the individual event within an appropriate general system.自然科學(xué)以在歸納中全部吸收個(gè)別情況為目標(biāo),人文科學(xué)則更關(guān)心在適當(dāng)?shù)囊话阈泽w系之內(nèi)提供個(gè)別情況的特殊意義。individual — a multitude of one million divided by one million 個(gè)人——一百萬除一百萬所得的人數(shù)。
exclusively ???????????????(專有地;排外地)是exclude(v.除外)的副詞形式。Freedom is always and exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently.對于獨(dú)立思考的人,自由永遠(yuǎn)是也只能是自由。
entertain ????????????(v.招待;使快樂)即enter+tain,enter-(=inter),tain詞根“容納”,于是“使容納進(jìn)來”→招待→使快樂。同根詞:contain→con+tain→“一起容納”→容納。Some women seem to be able to entertain everybody but their husband.有些女人似乎能夠使任何人愉快,自己的丈夫除外。
1997 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
substance ???????????(物質(zhì);實(shí)質(zhì);財(cái)產(chǎn))←sub在下面+st(=stand)+ance名詞后綴;參substantial,2003年Text 3。Man can survive only when he has the substance;man can live only when he has ideal.人有了物質(zhì)才能生存,有了理想才能生活。
addict ????????(使成癮;成癮者)即ad+dict,ad-加強(qiáng)前綴,dict詞根“說”(參contradictory,2001年P(guān)assage 3),“欲罷不能地說某事”→成癮。
名詞形式為addiction ??????????(成癮)←ad+dict+ion。Every form of addiction is bad, no matter whether the narcotic be alcohol or morphine or idealism.任何形式的癮都是不好的,無論上癮的是酒精、嗎啡還是唯心主義。
psychologist ???????????????(心理學(xué)家)←psycholog(y)+ist,psychology心理學(xué)(見2001年P(guān)assage 1),-ist后綴表“人”。psychologist — a man who, when a beautiful girl walks into room, watches other men's reactions 心理學(xué)家——當(dāng)一個(gè)漂亮女孩走進(jìn)房間時(shí),那個(gè)觀察其他人反應(yīng)的人。
cocaine ?????????(可卡因)即coca+ine,coca古柯(一種藥用植物),-ine醫(yī)藥化學(xué)名詞后綴“生物堿”,故cocaine也譯作“古柯堿”。另一種植物cocoa(可可)與coca音形近似,勿混。cocaine — God's way of saying you're making too much money 可卡因——上帝的一種說法,意思是“你賺的錢太多了”。
pervasive ????????????(普遍的)是pervade(v.遍及)的形容詞形式,pervade即per+vade,per-(=through),vade詞根“走”(約等于wade,因v與w形近可替換),“到處都走遍的”→遍及的。同根詞:invade→in+vade→“未經(jīng)允許走進(jìn)來”→入侵;形容詞形式為invasive(侵略的)。
sociable ??????????(社交的)←soci社會+able形容詞后綴。
negative ??????????(否定的,消極的)←neg否定前綴+ative形容詞后綴;參neglect(忽略),1999年P(guān)assage 5。Eternity is a negative idea clothed with a positive name.永恒是一個(gè)冠以肯定名稱的否定概念。
poisoning ??????????(n.中毒;毒害)←poison+ing,poison(v.n.毒害n.毒藥),-ing后綴;
poisonous ??????????(有毒的)←poison+ous形容詞后綴。Suspicion is the poison of friendship.懷疑是毒害友誼的毒藥。When your soul experiences thirst, it needs water to quench it, no matter the water is poisonous or not.心靈感到干渴時(shí)需要水來止渴,無論這水是否有毒。What's your poison?想喝點(diǎn)什么酒?←此為固定用法。
distortion ????????????(扭曲;曲解)即dis+tort+ion,dis-“分離”,tort詞根“扭曲”,-ion名詞后綴,“使扭曲以離開原來狀態(tài)”→曲解;動詞為distort←dis+tort。同根詞:torture(v.n.拷問;折磨)←tort+ure后綴,“使身體扭曲的一種行為”。Get your facts first, and then you can distort them as you please.首先要掌握事實(shí),然后你可以隨意歪曲它們。
tolerance ???????????(寬容)←toler+ance;參tolerant(寬容的),2000年P(guān)assage 4。The only tolerance in the world, the only tolerance that earns the name, is that toward intolerance.世間唯一的寬容,唯一名副其實(shí)的寬容,是對不寬容的寬容。tolerance — ①the ability to love people when they don't deserve it ②the positive and cordial effort to understand another's beliefs, practices, and habits without sharing or accepting them ③another name of indifference 寬容——①愛那些不值得愛的人的本領(lǐng) ②積極、真誠地理解別人的信仰、行為和習(xí)慣,雖然并不同意或接受它們 ③冷漠的另一個(gè)名稱。
symptom ??????????(癥狀)可看作sym+ptom,sym-共同,ptom諧音“怕疼”,共同(sym)的癥狀(symptom)是怕疼(ptom)。The first symptom of true love in a man is timidity, in a girl it is boldness.真正的愛情的首要征候,在男子是膽怯,在女子是大膽。
psychoactive ???????????????(藥物等對心理起作用的)即psycho+active,psycho詞根“心理”(參psychology,2001年P(guān)assage 1),active“起作用的”。
stimulant ?????????????(刺激物;興奮劑)←stimul刺激+ant物;源自stimulate(刺激;激勵)←stimul+ate動詞后綴。I lived in solitude in the country and noticed how the monotony of a quiet life stimulates the creative mind.我獨(dú)居鄉(xiāng)間,注意到平靜生活的單調(diào)是如何地激發(fā)著創(chuàng)造力。
depressant ????????????(抑制劑;鎮(zhèn)靜劑)←depress+ant物。參depression,2003年Text 4。Some actors think they are elevating the stage when they're merely depressing the audience.當(dāng)一些演員不過是在敗壞觀眾情緒的時(shí)候,他們還以為自己在提高著戲劇藝術(shù)。
hallucinogen ????????????????(致幻劑)看作hallucin+o+gen,hallucin諧音“喝露性”,-o-連接字母,-gen后綴“致??之物”(參hydroelectric,1998年P(guān)assage 1),“喝下去會使人露出本性的東西”;
hallucination ????????????????(幻覺)←hallucin+ation。
psychedelic ??????????????(致幻的;致幻劑)看作psyche+del+ic,psyche=psycho精神(e與o都可視為連接字母),del即DOC命令“刪除”,-ic后綴,“能把精神刪除的”→致幻的→致幻劑
1997 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
corrupt ?????????(腐敗的v.賄賂)即cor+rupt,cor-一起,rupt詞根“打破”,“全部被糖衣炮彈打破了”。同根詞:bankrupt→bank銀行+rupt→破產(chǎn)的;interrupt→inter+rupt→打斷。Heaven is above all yet: there sits a judge that no king can corrupt.蒼天高于所有的人:那里坐著一位法官,任何國王都無法賄賂。
responsibility???????????????????(責(zé)任;職責(zé))是responsible(見2001年P(guān)assage 2)的名詞形式。A democracy in which everybody had an equal responsibility in everything would be oppressive for the conscientious and licentious for the rest.所有的人對所有的事都負(fù)有同等義務(wù)的民主,對勤懇負(fù)責(zé)的人是重負(fù),對其余的人是放縱。responsibility — the price every man must pay for freedom 責(zé)任——每個(gè)人都必須為自由而付出的代價(jià)。
property ??????????(財(cái)產(chǎn);性質(zhì))←proper固有的+ty名詞后綴;參proper,1998年P(guān)assage 1。Property has its duties as well as its rights.財(cái)產(chǎn)既有權(quán)力也有義務(wù)。Regrets are the natural property of grey hairs.懊悔是老年人的天性。
impatiently ??????????????(不耐煩地)即im+patient+ly,im-否定前綴,patient耐心的,-ly副詞后綴;去ly即為形容詞impatient。The ear tends to be lazy, craves the familiar and is shocked by the unexpected;the eye, on the other hand, tends to be impatient, craves the novel and is bored by repetition.耳朵往往偷懶,渴望熟悉的東西,為意料之外的事情而震驚;眼睛則偏于急躁,渴望新奇的東西,由于重復(fù)而生厭。
latitude ????????????(緯度;言行的自由度)即lati+tude,lati-(=lateral),-tude名詞后綴。Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance;they make latitudes and longitudes.沒有什么比得上有朋在遠(yuǎn)方更使地球顯得如此巨大,他們構(gòu)成了緯度和經(jīng)度。
irritate?????????????(v.激怒),名詞形式為irritation,與irrigation(1998年P(guān)assage 1)一字母之差。An epigram is a half-truth so stated as to irritate the person who believes the other half.警句是一半的真理,只講一半以便激怒相信另一半的人。
compromise ?????????????(v.n.妥協(xié);折中)即com+promise,com-一起,promise答應(yīng),“對別人的要求 全部答應(yīng)”→妥協(xié);“對各方的要求一起答應(yīng)”→折中。All life is essentially the contributions that come form compromise.整個(gè)人生基本上是妥協(xié)的結(jié)果。compromise — ①the art of dividing a cake so that everybody believes he or she got the biggest piece ②simply changing the question to fit the answer ③the most honest way to dissatisfy both parties 折中——①將一個(gè)蛋糕分開,讓每個(gè)人都相信自己分得的一塊最大的藝術(shù) ②簡單地改變一下問題,使之適合于答案 ③使雙方都不滿意的最可靠辦法。
1997 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
monetary ???????????(金融的,貨幣的)←monet+ary,monet=money,-ary形容詞后綴。
precise???????????(精確的)即pre+cise,pre-在前,cise(=cide)詞根“切”,于是“在前面切”→知道切多少的→精確的。參suicide(自殺),2002年Text 4。He knew the precise psychological moment when to say nothing.他知道那個(gè)心理上的精確瞬間,那時(shí)什么都不該說。
liken ?????????(把??比作)←like+(e)n動詞后綴。
windscreen ?????????????(擋風(fēng)玻璃)←wind+screen。windscreen wipers — the eyelashes of rain 汽車風(fēng)檔上的刮水器——雨的睫毛。
poll ??????(v.n.投票;民意測驗(yàn))原指“人頭”(head),“根據(jù)人頭統(tǒng)計(jì)選票”。poll表“人頭”可這樣記:p=b(因?yàn)閷ΨQ字母可替換),o=a(因?yàn)樵糇帜缚商鎿Q),故poll=ball,人的頭像“球”。Do you ever get the feeling that the only reason we have elections is to find out if the polls were right?你有沒有過這種感覺,即我們舉行選舉的唯一理由就是弄清民意測驗(yàn)是否準(zhǔn)確?
slack ??????(v.n.a.松散;蕭條)。In marriage, a man becomes slack and selfish, and undergoes a fatty degeneration of his moral being.婚后男人變得懶散自私,經(jīng)歷著道德生命的脂肪變性。
thrilling ?????????(激動的;顫抖的)←thrill+ing,thrill(使激動;令人激動的事),-ing形容詞后綴。Everybody who plays an instrument, even a little, understands music in a difficult way from somebody who has never felt the thrill of making music himself?每個(gè)演奏樂器的人,哪怕只會一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),理解音樂的方式都與從未感受過自己奏出音樂的激動的人不同。
unfortunately ????????????????(不幸地)即un+fortun(e)+ate+ly,un-否定前綴,fortune(幸運(yùn))見2003年Text 3,-ate后綴,-ly后綴。反義詞為fortunately(幸運(yùn)地)←fortun(e)+ate+ly。去ly即為二者的形容詞形式:unfortunate(不幸的)←un+fortun(e)+ate;fortunate(幸運(yùn)的)←fortun(e)+ate。Time is a great teacher, but unfortunately it kills all its pupils.時(shí)間是了不起的教師,但不幸的是,它殺死所有的學(xué)生。Fortunately psychoanalysis is not the only way to resolve inner conflict.Life still remains a very effective therapist.幸運(yùn)的是,心理分析并非消除內(nèi)心沖突的唯一方法,生活依然是十分有效的治療專家。Do not speak of your happiness to one less fortunate than yourself.不要向不如你幸運(yùn)的人講述你的幸福。If you are too fortunate, you will not know yourself.If you are too unfortunate, nobody will know you.若過于幸運(yùn),就不會認(rèn)識自己;若過于不幸,就沒人會認(rèn)識你。
upend ????????(v.顛倒;打倒)←up+end。1996 Passage 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯: tight-lipped(沉默寡言的)。
blueprint ?????????????(藍(lán)圖)←blue+print。
intelligently ????????????????(聰明地,明智地)即intel+lig+ent+ly,intel-“在??之間”(=inter-,因后接l,故r變形為l),lig詞根“選擇”=lect,-ent形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴,故“具有從中挑選出所需之物的能力”→聰明地。The computer is not intelligent at all, but very stupid indeed, and that, in fact, is one of its great values — its blind stupidity.計(jì)算機(jī)一點(diǎn)都不聰明,反而實(shí)在非常愚蠢,實(shí)際上,這才是它的非凡價(jià)值之一——它的盲目的愚蠢。
tangible ???????????(確實(shí)的;有形的)即tang+ible,tang拼音“糖”→方糖→方糖是方的→方糖是“有形的”。tangible assets 有形資產(chǎn);tangible results 確實(shí)的成就。
secure ?????????(安全的v.獲得;防衛(wèi))即se+cure,se-前綴“離”(參separate,2001年P(guān)assage 1),cure=care,“不需要照料的”→已經(jīng)“獲得”“防衛(wèi)”的→安全的。Freedom of opinion can only exist when the government thinks itself secure.言論自由只有在政府認(rèn)為自己安全時(shí)才能存在。He that publishes a book runs a very great hazard, since nothing can be more impossible than to compose one that may secure the approbation of every reader.出版一本書的人冒著極大的危險(xiǎn),因?yàn)閯?chuàng)作一部可能受到所有讀者歡迎的作品是最不可能的事。That government is not best which best secures more life and property — there is a more valuable thing — manhood.最完善地保護(hù)更多的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的政治不是最好的政治——還有更重要的東西——人的地位。
illustration ???????????????(例證;圖解)看作ill+ust+rat+ion,ill生病的,ust=est形容詞最高級,rat老鼠,-ion名詞后綴,用病入膏肓的老鼠作“圖解”。如圖:
What is character but the determination of incident? What is incident but the illustration of character?除了事件的規(guī)定,人物還是什么?除了人物的說明,事件還是什么?
imaginary ?????????????(想象的;虛構(gòu)的)←imagin(e)想象+ary形容詞后綴。We do not content ourselves with the life we have in ourselves and in our own being;we desire to live an imaginary life in the mind of others, and for this purpose we endeavour to shine.我們不滿足于為我們自身、為自己的存在而擁有的人生,我們想過一種存在于別人心目中的虛構(gòu)的生活,為了這個(gè)目的而極力出人頭地
1996 Passage 2 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
coverage ???????????(覆蓋范圍;新聞報(bào)導(dǎo))←cover+age名詞后綴。
stretch ????????(一段時(shí)間或路程v.n.伸展)與sketch(v.速寫;略圖;梗概)一起記。Babies do not want to hear about babies, they like to be told of giants and castles, and that which can stretch and stimulate their little minds.幼童不愿聽關(guān)于幼童的故事,他們喜歡給他們講巨人和城堡,那可以擴(kuò)張和刺激他們小小的心靈。
slogan ??????????(標(biāo)語,口號)看作s+log+an,s形的圓木(log)上刻著一條(an)標(biāo)語(slogan)。My slogan is “Four hours for work, four hours for study, eight hours for sleep, and eight hours for play.”我的口號是“四小時(shí)工作,四小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí),八小時(shí)睡眠,八小時(shí)游戲”。
1996 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
bureaucracy ??????????????(官僚主義;官僚機(jī)構(gòu);官僚)即bureau+cracy,bureau(署,局,司,處),cracy詞根“統(tǒng)治”;參democracy,2000年P(guān)assage 5。Bureaucracy is a giant mechanism operated by pygmies.官僚政治是一種由侏儒操縱的龐大機(jī)構(gòu)。bureaucracy — ①a continuing congregation of people who must act more or less as one ②the only form of human organization that can manage to pass a hot potato through a small crack ③the art of making the possible impossible 官僚主義——①一群人不斷聚集在一起,因?yàn)樗麄兌嗌俦仨毾褚粋€(gè)人那樣行事 ②唯一一種能夠通過小裂縫傳遞土豆的人類組織形式 ③變可能為不可能的藝術(shù)。
spoil ???????(v.損害;溺愛)看作sp+oil,sp即縮寫“專家”,oil石油,“專家溺愛石油”。We drink one another's healthes and spoil our own.我們?yōu)楸舜说慕】蹈杀鴵p害自身的健康。When you “spoil” a child you are practically saying, “I know you aren't capable of being civilized and considerate and contributing and I won't expect it of you.”“寵”孩子的時(shí)候,你實(shí)際上是在說:“我知道要你有教養(yǎng)、為人著想和奉獻(xiàn)都是做不到的,我也不指望你做到。”
collectivism ???????????????(集體主義)←collect+iv(e)后綴+ism后綴表“主義”。
municipal ????????????????(市的;市立的)與principal(首要的;負(fù)責(zé)人;本金)一起記; municipality ??????????????????(自治市;市政當(dāng)局)←municipal+ity名詞后綴。
taxpayer ????????????(納稅人)←tax+payer。taxpayer — someone who works for the federal government but doesn't have to take a civil service examination 納稅人——為聯(lián)邦政府工作,卻不必參加文職雇員考試的人。
detach ?????????(v.分開)即de+tach,de-前綴“離開”,tach詞根“連接”。同根詞為attach(v.縛上;使依附)←at(=to)+tach。Every scene, even the commonest, is wonderful, if only one can detach oneself, casting off all memory of use and custom and beholding it as if for the first times.生活中的每個(gè)情景,甚至最普通的一幕,都是奇妙的——只要一個(gè)人能夠離開自我,拋棄對習(xí)慣的全部記憶,就像第一次一樣觀察。
dividend ???????????(股息;紅利;被除數(shù))即divid(e)+end,divide分開,-end后綴表物,“從整體中分出的一部分”→紅利。dividends — hush money to shareholders 股息——給股東的封口錢。
patriarchal ???????????????(家長的)即patri+arch+al,patri詞根“父”,arch詞根“統(tǒng)治”,-al形容詞后綴。另可記patriot(愛國者)←patri+ot后綴表人。
render?????????(v.使得;提供)。Nothing in the world renders a man indispensable save love.世上唯有愛能夠使一 個(gè)人變得不可缺少。The service we render to others is really the rent we pay for our room on this earth.我們向別人提供的服務(wù)實(shí)在是為自己在這個(gè)世界上的住所付出的租金。
discipline ???????????(紀(jì)律;學(xué)科v.訓(xùn)練)即dis+cipl+ine,dis-(=apart),cipl(=cip)詞根“抓”(前文已多次述及),-ine后綴,“培養(yǎng)抓出東西的能力”→紀(jì)律或訓(xùn)練。Freedom is a way of life which requires authority, discipline, and government of its own kind.自由是一種生活方式,它需要權(quán)威、紀(jì)律,以及具有自由本身性質(zhì)的統(tǒng)治。discipline — ①remembering what you want ②the bridge between goals and accomplishment ③the refining fire by which talent becomes ability 磨練——①記住你需要什么 ②目標(biāo)與成就之間的橋梁 ③使天賦變成能力的冶煉爐火。
lockout ????????? 指雇主為促使與工人達(dá)成協(xié)議而強(qiáng)制性關(guān)閉工廠。
negotiation ????????????????(談判)諧音“你狗獻(xiàn)愛心”←“談判”的目的是讓你的狗獻(xiàn)愛心;動詞形式為negotiate。Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.永遠(yuǎn)不要在談判時(shí)忘記懼怕,而要永遠(yuǎn)不懼怕談判。
1996 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
breakthrough ?????????????(n.突破)←break+through。
premium ??????????(獎金)看作pre+mi+um,pre-在前,mi拼音“米”即money,-um后綴表物,“在前面放著的錢”→獎金。
nonverbal ?????????????(不用語言的)即non+verb+al,non-否定前綴,verb詞根“言語”,-al形容詞后綴。Gestures are a nonverbal means of expression.打手勢是一種非言語的表達(dá)方式。
spatial ??????????(空間的)即spacial←spac(e)+ial。
trigonometry ???????????????(三角學(xué))即tri+gon+o+metry,tri-前綴“三”,-gon后綴“?角形”,-o-連接字母,-metry后綴表“測量學(xué)”。
stimulus ????????????(n.刺激;刺激物)←stimul刺激+us名詞后綴。參stimulant(刺激物;興奮劑),1997年P(guān)assage 3。
incentive ???????????(動機(jī);鼓勵a.激勵的)←in+cent+ive,in-前綴,cent單詞“分幣”引申為“錢”,-tive后綴,“用錢去激勵”。incentive — the possibility of getting more money than you can earn 獎勵——得到比你掙的錢更多的可能性。
beneficence ?????????????(恩惠)←benefic+ence,benefic看作benefit,-ence名詞后綴。
emulation ??????????????(競爭;仿效)看作emul(e)+ation,emule即BT出現(xiàn)前極受歡迎的一種P2P下載軟件,-ation名詞后綴,各種P2P軟件為“競爭”而相互“效仿”。
1996 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
pipeline ??????????????(管道;流水線)←pipe+line。
cosmology
??????????????(宇宙學(xué))即cosmo+logy,cosmo即cosmos“宇宙”,-logy后綴表學(xué)科。non-fundamentalist(非原教旨主義者)←non-否定前綴+fundamentalist(原教旨主義者)。fundamentalist — anyone who takes the Word of God too seriously 原教旨主義者——任何對上帝的話太認(rèn)真的人。
motivation ????????????????(動機(jī))←motiv(e)+ation。motivation — the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it 動機(jī)——使人們因?yàn)樽约合胱龆瞿阆胱屗麄冏龅氖虑榈哪芰Α?/p>
dust jacket 精裝書的護(hù)封。
digest??v???????????????n???????????????(v.消化n.摘要)。當(dāng)初指責(zé)中國《讀者文摘》(即現(xiàn)在的《讀者》)刊名侵權(quán)的美國著名雜志叫Read’s Digest。To eat is human, to digest, divine.能吃的是人,能消化的是神。
1995 Passage 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
know of 知道。I don't know him, but I know of him.我不認(rèn)識他,但聽說過他。live up to 做到;不辜負(fù)。
subtly
??????????(精細(xì)地;微妙地),形容詞形式為subtle。Men always want to be a women's first love;women have a more subtle instinct;what they like is to be a man's last romance.男人總想成為女人的第一個(gè)戀人,女人則具有更微妙的本能,她希望成為男人追求的最后一個(gè)對象。1995 Passage 2 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
external ???????????(外部的),反義詞為internal(內(nèi)部的)。Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity.每個(gè)人的行動都不僅處于外部的推動,也同樣依據(jù)內(nèi)在的需要。
signpost ????????????(路標(biāo))←sign+post。landmark ???????????(界標(biāo))←land+mark。
obstacle ??????????(障礙)即ob+st+acle,ob-前綴“阻礙”,st詞根=stand,-acle后綴表物,“站在那里阻礙的東西”→障礙。Victory is not the end but a phase to the end.It is no more than the removal of obstacles.勝利不是目的而是達(dá)到目的的一個(gè)階段。它不過是對障礙的消除。obstacles — things a person sees when they take their mind off their goal 障礙——當(dāng)一個(gè)人的大腦脫離自己的目標(biāo)時(shí)所看到的東西。
curiosity ???????????????(好奇心;古玩)即curios+ity,curios(=curious)好奇的,-ity名詞后綴,“引起好奇的東西”→古玩。參curiously,2001年P(guān)assage 5。Curiosity is a scholar's virtue.好奇心是學(xué)者的美德。curiosity — ①the key to creativity ②a willing, a proud, an eager confession of ignorance ③the first step to betrayal 好奇心——①打開創(chuàng)造力的鑰匙 ②心甘情愿地、自豪地、急切地承認(rèn)自己的無知 ③背叛的第一步。
1995 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
subconsciously ??????????????(下意識地)←sub下+conscious有意識的+ly。stockpile ???????????(v.n.積蓄,貯存)←stock存儲+pile堆積。
expertise ?????????????(專門知識)←expert專家+ise后綴,“專家所掌握的東西”。
participant ??????????????(參與者)即parti+cip+ant,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓,-ant后綴表人,“抓取部分東西的人”→參與分享的人→參與者。參participation(參加;分享),2001年P(guān)assage 1。
facilitate ?????????????(使便利)即fac+il(e)+itate,fac=fic詞根“做”(參artificial←art+i+fic+ial,2002年Text 2),-ile后綴“易于??的”,-itate動詞后綴,“使易于做的”→使便利。名詞形式為facility(熟練);facilities(設(shè)施;便利條件)。It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.如果你再合作一點(diǎn)的話,事情就變得更容易了。It is not helps, but obstacles, not facilities, but difficulties, that make men.成就人的不是幫助而是障礙,不是便利而是困難。
breakdown ????????????(n.崩潰;故障)←break+down。a nervous breakdown 神經(jīng)衰弱。
dominant ???????????(支配的,占優(yōu)勢的)←domin+ant,domin詞根“支配”,-ant后綴。參predominance(優(yōu)勢),2000年P(guān)assage 1。
1995 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
inherent ????????????(固有的;天生的)即in+her(e)+ent,in-在里面,here詞根“黏著”=stick,-ent形容詞后綴,“黏著在里面的”→固有的。同根詞:adhere(v.黏附;堅(jiān)持)←ad(=to)+here;coherent(黏著的)←co(=together)+her(e)+ent。I am not in the least disturbed when people regard my legs intently.I know they are doing so in pursuance of their inherent artistic instinct.當(dāng)人們目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著我的雙腿時(shí),我絲毫不覺得不安。我明白他們這樣做是出于天生的藝術(shù)直覺。←這是一位舞蹈家MM說的。
profound ???????????(深刻的;淵博的)即pro+found,pro-向前,found詞根“基底”(如foundation→found+ation→基礎(chǔ)),“向前直探到底的”→淵博的。The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement.But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth.一種正確說法的對立物是一種錯(cuò)誤的說法。一種深刻的真理的對立物則很可能是另一種深刻的真理。
soak up 吸收。
marathon ??????????(馬拉松)用諧音記。這種全長421954米的長跑比賽,是對運(yùn)動員體力與意志力的考驗(yàn)。rejoice ??????????(使欣喜)即re+joice,re-反復(fù),joice=joy,“使反復(fù)高興”→使欣喜。Why is it that we rejoice at a birth and grieve at a funeral? Is it because we are not the person concerned?為什么我們在有人出生時(shí)高興,在有人入葬時(shí)悲傷?是否由于自己不是當(dāng)事者?
disproportionate ??????????????????(不成比例的)即dis+proportion+ate,dis-否定前綴,proportion比例,-ate此處為形容詞后綴。Literature happens to be the only occupation in which wages are not given in proportion to the goodness of the work done.文學(xué)碰巧是唯一的這么一種職業(yè),其報(bào)酬與所做工作的優(yōu)異不成比例。preoccupation ????????????????????(全神貫注)即pre+occup(y)+ation,pre-在前,occupy占據(jù),-ation名詞后綴,“在別的事物前占據(jù)注意力”→全神貫注。
consideration ????????????????(考慮;體諒;需考慮的事)←consider考慮+ation;
considerate ?????????????(考慮周到的;體諒的)←consider+ate。Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.勞動高于資本,理應(yīng)得到多得多的報(bào)酬。A child that lives with sharing learns to be considerate.同意分享的孩子知道為人著想。
1995 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
subsequent ?????????????(隨后的)←sub+sequ+ent,sub-在下,sequ(=follow)詞根“跟隨”,-ent形容詞后綴。Be sure not to tell a first falsehood, and you needn't fear being detected in any subsequent ones.千萬別說第一個(gè)謊話,這樣就不用害怕在隨后的謊話中被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。
duration ?????????????(持久;持續(xù)時(shí)間)即dur+ation,dur詞根“持續(xù)”,-ation名詞后綴。同根詞:durable(持久的)←dur+able可??的;endurance(持久力;忍耐力)←en使??+dur+ance。It is not the strength but the duration of great sentiment that makes great men.造就偉人的不是力量,而是偉大情操的持久。
contemporary ???????????????(當(dāng)代的;同時(shí)代的;同時(shí)代的人)←con+tempor+ary,con-一起,tempor看作temper(性情),-ary后綴,“性情相同的(人)就是同時(shí)代的(人)”。Most contemporary books give the impression of having been manufactured in a day, out of books read the day before.大部分當(dāng)代書籍給人的印象,是花一天工夫用前一天讀過的書加工而成的。I don't go along with all this talk of a generation gap.We're all contemporaries.There's only a difference in memories, that's all.我對代溝這種說法完全不能茍同。我們都是同時(shí)代的人,只是記憶有所不同,僅此而已。
2002 Text 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
identify ?????????????(辨別;視為同一)即ident+ify,ident詞根“同一”,-ify動詞后綴“使??”;identification(識別;身份證明)←identify去y加-ication名詞后綴;identical(同一的)←ident+ical形容詞后綴。Any man over thiry identifies his youth with the worst fault he thinks he is capable of.任何過了三十歲的人都把自己的青年時(shí)代視為自認(rèn)所能犯下的最大錯(cuò)誤。
relevant ???????????(相關(guān)的;意義重大的)即re+lev+ant,re-前綴,lev詞根“升,舉”,-ant形容詞后綴,故“從??升起的”→“源自??的”→相關(guān)的。同根詞:elevate(升舉,提高)←e+lev+ate;elevator(電梯,升降機(jī))←e+lev+at(e)+or。The discovery and use of knowledge has always been relevant to a humane future.對于一個(gè)人道的未來,知識的發(fā)現(xiàn)與運(yùn)用一直是關(guān)系重大的。
sympathy ??????????(n.同情;共鳴)即sym+path+y,sym-(=syn-,在p前n變形為m以方便發(fā)音,前綴“同”),path詞根“感情”,-y抽象名詞后綴;sympathize/sympathise(v.同情;共鳴),-ize/-ise為動詞后綴;sympathetic(同情的;共鳴的)←sym+path+etic形容詞后綴。Next to love, sympathy is the divinest passion of the human heart.同情心是人類心中僅次于愛的最神圣的情感。Anybody can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friend's success.人人都能同情朋友的痛苦,然而共享朋友的成功需要非常優(yōu)良的品性。To be sympathetic without discrimination is so very debilitating.有同情心而無識別力是多么虛弱。
alternatively ????????????????(二者擇一地;另外)←alter改變+nat(e)+ive+ly;alternative(二者擇一的;供選擇的事物)←alter+nat(e)+ive;alternate(v.交替;交替的)←alter+nate。The more alternative, the more difficult the choice.可選擇的東西越多,就越難選擇。Love's alternate joy and woe.愛情就是交替的歡樂與痛苦。
convention ????????????(大會;慣例;公約)即con+ven(t)+tion,con-一起,ven(t)來,-tion名詞后綴,故“人們來到一起”→開“大會”,而“大會制定的規(guī)則”即是“公約”,公約遵守時(shí)間長了就成為“慣例”。The danger doesn't lie in the hypothetical disasters of revolution, but in conventions impeding progress.危險(xiǎn)不在于革命的臆測的災(zāi)難,而在于阻礙進(jìn)步的成規(guī)。
stomp ???????(n.v.重踏)←stamp(郵票;標(biāo)志)也有相同含義,想象“猛蓋郵戳”→重踏。
appropriate ?????????????(適當(dāng)?shù)模┘碼p+propri+ate,ap-前綴加強(qiáng)語氣,propri看作proper(適當(dāng)?shù)模?ate后綴; inappropriate ????????????????(不適當(dāng)?shù)模鹖n否定前綴+appropriate。Extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases.烈性藥物對于重病是非常適宜的。←這句話是西方醫(yī)學(xué)之父希波克拉底說的。
inedible ??????????(不可食的)←in否定前綴+ed(=eat)+ible能??的。
resent ?????????(v.憤怒、怨恨)即re+sent,re(=against反對),sent(=sense感覺),于是“在感覺上反對”→憤恨。People don't resent having nothing nearly as much as too little.人們所不滿的往往是太少,而不是沒有。
disparaging ??????????????(輕視的)←dis否定前綴+par平等+ag(e)后綴+ing后綴。
scapegoat ????????????(替罪羊)可這樣記:escape(n.v.逃跑)←e+scape,把e看作ex-,則scape就是沒有“離開”的→“逃不掉的”→“留下來替罪的”,于是scape+goat→替罪羊。與“羊”有關(guān)的另一習(xí)語:black sheep(害群之馬;敗家子),源自諺語There is a black sheep in every flock.casual ??????????(偶然的;漫不經(jīng)心的)即cas降落+ual后綴;casualty(嚴(yán)重意外事故;傷亡者)←cas+ual+ty名詞后綴。As sheer casual reading-matter, I still find the English dictionary the most interesting books in our language.作為純粹隨意瀏覽的讀物,我還是覺得英語詞典是以我們的語言寫成的最有趣的書。
off-the-cuff 即席的。
deliver ?????????(v.傳遞;釋放;發(fā)表;分娩)即de+liver,de-前綴“使”,liver(=liber)詞根“自由”,于是從“使自由”推出deliver的各項(xiàng)含義;
delivery ???????????(傳遞)←deliver+y名詞后綴。Lord, deliver me from myself.主啊,解放不能自拔的我吧。The day of the printed word is far from ended.Swift as is the delivery of the radio bulletin, graphic as is television's eyewitness picture, the task of adding meaning and clarity remains urgent.印刷文字的時(shí)代遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束。盡管廣播新聞傳遞迅速,電視現(xiàn)場畫面生動,補(bǔ)充事件含義進(jìn)而澄清事實(shí)的任務(wù)仍舊是迫切的。
light-hearted 輕松愉快的。
familiar ?????????/(熟悉的;親近的)即famil(y)+iar形容詞后綴,“感覺像家一樣的”;familiarity(熟悉)←familiar+ity名詞后綴。The two most engaging powers of an author are to make new things familiar, and familiar things new.作家最吸引人的兩種力量,是使新鮮的事物變得熟悉,和使熟悉的事物變得新鮮。familiarity — the opiate of the imagination 熟悉——想象力的麻醉劑。
exaggeration?????????????????/(夸張)←ex加強(qiáng)語氣+agger堆積+ation名詞后綴;exaggerate(夸張)←ex+agger+ate動詞后綴。We exaggerate misfortune and happiness alike.We are never either so wretched or so happy as we say we are.不幸和幸福被我們同樣夸大了。我們從不像我們所說的那么痛苦,也從不那么快樂。exaggeration — a truth that has lost its temper 夸張——發(fā)脾氣的真理。
understatement ???????????????/(掩飾;輕描淡寫的陳述)←under+statement;反義詞:overstatement(夸大的陳述)←over+statement。
privilege ???????????/(n.優(yōu)惠;特權(quán)v.給予優(yōu)惠或特權(quán))即privi+leg+e,privi(=private)詞根“私人的”,leg詞根“法律”(如legal“法律的;合法的”←leg+al),e為小詞,于是“私人的法律”→特權(quán)。To have become a deeper man is the privilege of those who have suffered.變得更加深謀遠(yuǎn)慮是受過磨難的人的特權(quán)。
effectively ???????????/(有效地)即ef+fect+ive+ly,ef-前綴表“加強(qiáng)”,fect詞根“做”,-ive形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴;去ly即為形容詞effective。The most effective water power in the world — women's tears.世界上最有效的水力——女人的眼淚。effective communication — 20 per cent what you know and 80 per cent how you feel about what you know 有效的交際——20%你所了解的東西加80%你對所了解的東西的感受。
2002 Text 2重點(diǎn)詞匯:
ingenuity ???????????????/(獨(dú)創(chuàng)性;靈活性)←ingenu+ity,ingenu(=ingenious獨(dú)創(chuàng)的;靈活的),-ity名詞后綴。
burdensome ??????????/(繁重的;難以負(fù)擔(dān)的)←burden負(fù)擔(dān)+some形容詞后綴。What a heavy burden is a name that has become famous.廣為人知的名字是多么沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)啊。
nasty ???????/(討厭的;骯臟的;下流的??)Diplomacy is to do and say the nastiest thing in the nicest way.外交就是以最優(yōu)雅的方式辦最nasty的事,說最nasty的話。←nasty在此句實(shí)在不好翻譯。
compulsion ?????????????/(強(qiáng)制)即com一起+puls(=drive)+ion名詞后綴,“不由分說全拖到一起”→強(qiáng) 制;compulsory(強(qiáng)制的;必修的)←com+puls+ory形容詞后綴。compulsion — a highbrow term for a temptation we're not trying too hard to resist 強(qiáng)制——對人們并不想堅(jiān)持拒絕的誘惑的一種高雅說法。Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body;but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.強(qiáng)制的身體鍛煉不會損害身體,但被迫學(xué)習(xí)的知識占據(jù)不了頭腦。←柏拉圖老師說的。
robotics ???????????/(機(jī)器人學(xué))即robot+ics,robot機(jī)器人,-ics后綴表“學(xué)科”,如physics、aesthetics(美學(xué))。robo-driver即robot driver。
assembly ?????????/(集會;裝配)是assemble的名詞形式,-y為名詞后綴;assemble諧音“啊,三步”,曹植七步成詩,而“裝配”只需三步(三個(gè)步驟)!In most communities it is illegal to cry “fire” in a crowded assembly.在大多數(shù)社會中,在擁擠的集會上喊“著火啦”是違法的。
terminal ?????????/(終端的;期末的;終端;終點(diǎn)站)←termin期限+al后綴;terminate(中止)←termin+ate動詞后綴,施瓦辛格演的電影《終結(jié)者》就叫Terminator(-or后綴表“人”)。It's all right to have a train of thoughts, if you have a terminal.想法成串并沒關(guān)系,只要有個(gè)止點(diǎn)。
miniaturization ????????????????????/(小型化)即mini+atur(e)+iz(e)+ation;mini詞根“小”(比如有個(gè)好東西叫mini skirt),-ature名詞后綴,-ize動詞后綴,-ation名詞后綴;miniature(小型的;縮影)←mini+ature。A day is a miniature of eternity.一天是永恒的縮影。
laborsaving ??????????????/(節(jié)省勞力的)←labor勞動+saving節(jié)省的。
supervision ??????????????/(監(jiān)督)即super+vis+ion,super-前綴“在上面”,vis詞根“看”(如visual→vis+ual形容詞后綴→視覺的),-ion名詞后綴。
specific ??????????/(具體的;特定的;特效藥)即speci+fic,speci詞根=species(種類),-fic形容詞后綴“使成為??的”,故“使成為某個(gè)具體種類的”→特定的。Time and again I have emerged from a course of reading in philosophy with the conviction that the authors were really avoiding specific problems by converting them into tenuous sophistries that have very little real meaning.我一再退出對哲學(xué)的鉆研,深信作者們確實(shí)是在以將具體問題換成幾乎沒有實(shí)際意義的貧乏詭辯來躲避它們。
reliable ??????????/(可靠的)←reli+able,reli即rely(v.依賴;信任),-able后綴“可??的”。Without criticism and reliable and intelligent reporting, the government can not govern.沒有批評和可靠而明智的新聞報(bào)道,政府無法統(tǒng)治。
artificial ????????????/(人工的,人造的)即art+i+fic+ial,art詞根“人工”,-i-連結(jié)元音,fic詞根“做”,-ial形容詞后綴。Of all artificial relations formed between mankind, the most capricious and variable is that of author and reader.在人與人之間形成的所有人為關(guān)系中,最變化無常的是作者與讀者的關(guān)系。artificial intelligence — the art of making computers that behave like the ones in movies 人工智能——制造電腦的藝術(shù),使它們的行為像電影里的人一樣。
perception ??????????/(感覺;理解)即per+cept+ion,per-前綴“全部”,cept詞根“抓”(=capt,因?yàn)樵艨商鎿Q,capture→capt+ure后綴→n.v.捕獲),-ion名詞后綴,故“把外界信息‘全部’‘抓住’”→感知。The perception of beauty is a moral test.對美的理解是道德的檢驗(yàn)。
complicated ??????????????/(復(fù)雜的;難解的)即com+plic+at(e)+ed,com-前綴“一起”,plic詞根“折疊”,-ate動詞后綴+-ed后綴“已??的”,故“全都折疊在一起的”→復(fù)雜的;complicate(使復(fù)雜)←com+plic+ate;complication(復(fù)雜情況;并發(fā)癥)←com+plic+ation。I never blame failures — there are too many complicated situations in life, but I am absolutely merciless toward lack of effort.我從不責(zé)備失敗——生活中復(fù)雜的情況實(shí)在太多,但對于不努力,我絕不寬恕。
previously ?????????????/(先前地)即previous+ly,previous(先前的)即pre+vi+ous,pre-前綴“在前的”,vi(=via)詞根“路”,-ous形容詞后綴,故“在前面就上路的”→先前。A creative artist works on his next composition because he is not satisfied with his previous one.有創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)家致力于自己的下一個(gè)作品,因?yàn)樗粷M意前一個(gè)。
irrelevant ???????????/(不相關(guān)的)即ir+relevant,ir-否定前綴(=in-,在r前n變形為r),relevant ??????????/(相關(guān)的)參2002年Text 1。
instantaneously ??????????????????/(瞬間地)即instant+aneous+ly,instant單詞“立刻的;速溶的;瞬間),-aneous形容詞后綴。
suspicious ??????????/(可疑的;多疑的)←suspic(=suspect)懷疑+ious。Plagiarists are always suspicious of being stolen from.剽竊者總是疑心文字被人盜用。
neuroscientist ???????????????????/(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)←neuro(=nerve)+scientist。
perceive ????????/(察覺;感知)即per+ceive,是perception(見前述)的動詞形式,per-前綴“全部”,ceive詞根“抓”。同根詞:receive(v.收到)←re(=back)+ceive,“抓回來”;deceive(v.欺騙)←de在下面+ceive,“在下面搞小動作”。There are no new truths, but only truths that have not been recognised by those who have perceived them without noticing.沒有什么新的真理,只有人們不經(jīng)意地感覺到但沒有認(rèn)識到的真理。
elite ????????/(精英)用諧音記:“愛理他”→“精英人士”每個(gè)人都愛理他。gizmo ????????/ 小發(fā)明; hum ????/ 嗡嗡聲、轟鳴聲。2002 Text 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
decline ??????????(n.v.下降;衰落v.謝絕)←de向下+cline傾斜;同根詞:incline(v.傾斜;傾向于n.斜坡)←in(=to)+cline。People decline invitations when they are “indisposed” physically, and I wish they would do likewise when they fell indisposed emotionally.人們在身體“不適”時(shí)謝絕邀請,我希望他們在覺得情緒上不適時(shí)也能同樣做。We perceive when love begins and when it declines by our embarrassment when alone together.我們由僅余兩人時(shí)的局促不安察覺愛情于何時(shí)發(fā)生,何時(shí)減退。
scary ?????????(引起驚慌的)即scar(e)+y,scare(n.v.驚恐),-y形容詞后綴。More powerful creation may scare many people away, but more intrepid people will be captivated by it.更加強(qiáng)有力的作品可能嚇退許多人,但比較勇敢的人們會被它吸引住。
quadruple ???????????(四倍的;使成四倍;四倍)即quadru+ple,quadru-前綴“四”(=quarter),ple詞根“折疊”,complicated所含的詞根plic也是“折疊”的意思(參2002年Text 2)。
triple ????????(三倍的;使成三倍;三倍)即tri+ple,tri-前綴“三”,如triangle(三角形)←tri+angle角。inflation ????????????(膨脹;通貨膨脹;自夸)即in+flat+ion,in-(=into),flat詞根“吹”,-ion名詞后綴,故“往里面吹”→膨脹。Inflation: When nobody has enough money because everybody has too much.通貨膨脹:由于人人錢太多而誰的錢都不夠的時(shí)候。
gloom ???????(v.n.陰暗;憂愁),形容詞為gloomy ?????????(陰暗的;陰沉的),那首據(jù)說有殺人魔力的歌曲就叫Gloomy Sunday。Love is the flame of life, without it, everything in life becomes gloomy.愛是生命的火焰,沒有它,生命中的一切都變得暗淡無光。
doom ??????(n.厄運(yùn)v.注定)。A society that gives to one class all the opportunities for leisure, and to another all the burdens of work, dooms both classes to spiritual sterility.一個(gè)將閑暇的全部機(jī)會都給予一個(gè)階級,而將勞作的全部重負(fù)都給予另一個(gè)階級的社會,注定了兩個(gè)階級都處于精神貧瘠。
suspend ??????????(v.懸掛;延緩)即sus+pend,sus-前綴“在下面”,pend詞根“掛”,故“暫且掛在下面不管”→擱置;
名詞形式為suspension /??????????? ←sus+pens掛+ion。The best of men cannot suspend their fate.最好的人也無法推遲死亡。
consequence ?????????????(后果;重要性)←con+sequ(=follow)+ence。It is easy to dodge our responsibilities, but we cannot dodge the consequences of dodging our responsibilities.逃避責(zé)任很容易,但逃避責(zé)任的后果我們卻無法逃避。With books, as with companions, it is of more consequence to know which to avoid, than which to chuse(chuse是古英語=choose).讀書如交友,懂得避開哪些比懂得選擇哪些更重要。
conservation???????????????????(保護(hù);保存;守恒)即con+serv(e)+ation,con-前綴“全部”,serve詞根“保持”(=keep),-ation名詞后綴;動詞為conserve←con+serve。A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation.不具備某種變革手段的國家也不具備保存自己的手段。
energy-intensive 能源密集型。
consumption ?????????????(消費(fèi)量,消耗)即consum(e)+ption,consume(v.消費(fèi),消耗),-ption名詞后 綴,m后加p便于發(fā)音,如assume(假定;承擔(dān);呈現(xiàn))→assumption、presume(v.假設(shè))→presumption。Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure.引人注目地?fù)]霍貴重財(cái)物是有閑紳士取得名聲的手段。We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.我們沒有權(quán)利享用幸福而不創(chuàng)造幸福,正像沒有權(quán)力享用財(cái)富而不創(chuàng)造財(cái)富一樣。
consultancy ??????????????(顧問工作;咨詢業(yè))←consult+ancy名詞后綴;consult(v.商量;查詢;會診)←比consul(領(lǐng)事)在最后多字母t,“他(t)去找‘領(lǐng)事’‘商量’”,名詞為consultation←consult+ation名詞后綴。Well, one can always consult a man and ask him: “Would you like your head cut off tomorrow?” and after he has said: “I would rather not”, cut it off.Consultation is a vagues and elastic term.是的,什么時(shí)候都可以跟一個(gè)人商量,問他:“你愿意明天被砍頭嗎?”接著,在他說了“我不愿意”之后,砍掉他的腦袋。磋商是個(gè)含糊的帶彈性的詞。←這是英國老流氓丘吉爾說的,意思是:既然不愿意明天砍頭,那么就在今天砍吧。
GDP(國民生產(chǎn)總值)即Gross Domestic Product。
OECD(經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織)即Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development。
estimate ???????????(v.n.估計(jì),估價(jià))。True modesty does not consist in an ignorance of our merits, but in a due estimate of it.真正的謙虛不在于對自己的長處一無所知,而在于對它們的恰當(dāng)評價(jià)。
excess(???????????過量????????????額外的)即ex+cess,ex-前綴“出”,cess詞根“走”,故“走到范圍之外的”→過量的;動詞形式為exceed(超過)←ex+ceed走。The best things carried to excess are wrong.最好的東西超過限度也會變壞。He is poor whose expenses exceed his income.開支超過收入的人就是窮人。
sizable ?????????/(相當(dāng)大的)←siz(e)+able;size(大小,尺寸)。You can tell the size of a man by the size of the things that make him mad.根據(jù)使一個(gè)人發(fā)怒的事情的大小,可以判斷這個(gè)人的氣量。
significant ?????????????/(有意義的;重要的)即signify(y變形為i)表示+cant形容詞后綴,“值得表示的”→有意義的;signify即sign+ify,sign標(biāo)記,-ify動詞后綴,“作標(biāo)記”→表示。An art is only great and significant if it is one that all may enjoy.藝術(shù)作品只有在所有人都可以欣賞時(shí)才是偉大的、重要的。Love has various lodgings;the same word does not always signify the same thing.愛擁有形形色色的住所,同一個(gè)詞不總是意味著同樣的東西。
2002 Text 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
suicide ???????????(v.n.自殺)即sui+cide,sui詞根=self,cide詞根“切”=cut,于是“拿刀切自己”→自殺。Every suicide is a solution to a problem.每件自殺都是對一個(gè)問題的解決。suicide — the only perfect crime that remains unpunished 自殺——唯一不受懲罰的完美罪行。
constitutional ???????????????????(構(gòu)成的;體質(zhì)的;憲法的)即con+stitut(e)+ion+al,con-前綴“一起”,stitute詞根“建立”,-ion名詞后綴,-al形容詞后綴;名詞形式為constitution(構(gòu)成;體質(zhì);憲法)←con+stitut(e)+ion;動詞為constitute(構(gòu)成)←con+stitute。Why is woman persistently regarded as a mystery? It is not that she has labored to conceal the organic and psychological facts of her constitution, but that men have showed no interest in exploring them.為什么女人總是被視為神秘的事物?原因并不是她極力隱瞞了關(guān)于自身生理與心理的事實(shí),而是男人從來就沒有對探索這些事實(shí)表現(xiàn)過興趣。The two powers which in my opinion constitute a wise man are those of bearing and forbearing.在我看來,造就智者的兩種力量是忍受和克制。
principle ???????????(原理;信念)可把princi看作print(印刷),ple看作“倍數(shù)”(如quadruple、triple,參2002年Text 3),于是“反反復(fù)復(fù)印刷的東西”→原理(聯(lián)想:地下黨反復(fù)印刷革命刊物宣傳馬克思主義原理)。When a fellow says, “It isn't the money but the principle of the thing,” it's the money.當(dāng)一個(gè)人說“這不是錢的問題而是原則問題”時(shí),那就是錢的問題。
foresee ?????????(v.預(yù)知)即fore+see,fore前綴“在前”(如forehead額←fore+head),see看,“在事情發(fā)生前就能看到”→預(yù)知。He who foresees calamities suffers them twice over.預(yù)見災(zāi)難的人承受了它們兩次。
sufficient ???????????(足夠的)即suf+fici+ent;suf-前綴“在下”(=sub-,f前b變形為f),fici看作face面(元音字母替換),-ent形容詞后綴,低于(suf)平均水平(fici)的(ent)消費(fèi)使本來不多的收入變得“足夠的”;
insufficient ??????????????(不足的)←in否定前綴+sufficient。Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions from insufficient premises.生活是從不足的前提得出足夠的結(jié)論的藝術(shù)。
mediation ??????????????(仲裁,媒介作用)即medi+ation,medi(=middle)詞根“中間的”,-ation名詞后綴,文中指代“鎮(zhèn)痛劑”。同根詞:medium(中等的;媒介;手段)←medi+um后綴。
maintain ???????????(v.維修;維持;支持)即main+tain,main詞根=hand,tain詞根=hold(參unsustainable,2003年Text 4)。He who tells a lie is not sensible how great a task he undertakes;for he must invent twenty more to maintain that one.說謊者沒有意識到自己要承擔(dān)多么艱巨的任務(wù),因?yàn)樗仨氃僬f二十個(gè)謊言來維持這個(gè)謊言。
prescribe ????????????(v.指示;開處方)←pre在前+scribe寫,“在拿藥之前寫”→開處方。If I were a medical man, I should prescribe a holiday to any patient who considered his work important.我如果是醫(yī)生,就會開處方給所有認(rèn)為自己的工作非同小可的病人放一天假。
legitimate ?????????????(合法的;v.合法)即legitim+ate,legitim詞根“合法”(leg即詞根“法律”),-ate后綴。
homicide ???????????(n.殺人,殺人者)即homi+cide,homi詞根“人”=human,cide詞根“切”=cut。debate ?????????(v.n.爭論,辯論)即de+bate,de-向下,bate詞根“打”=beat,“通過語言把對手打倒”→“辯論”。同根詞:combat(v.n.戰(zhàn)斗,格斗)←com一起+bat。Debate is the best catalyst of thought.爭論是思想最好的催化劑。
ineffectual ???????????????(無效的)←in否定前綴+effect效果+ual形容詞后綴,與ineffective意思相近但有區(qū)別,ineffectual強(qiáng)調(diào)“不起作用的”,ineffective強(qiáng)調(diào)“效率低的”。
hospice ?????????(收容所)可看作hosp(ital)+ice,醫(yī)院里什么都沒有,只有冰,于是就不能再叫醫(yī)院了,叫“收容所”。
predictably ??????????????(可預(yù)言地)←pre+dict+abl(e)+(l)y,參prediction(2003年Text 1)。systematic ??????????????(系統(tǒng)的;有計(jì)劃的)←system系統(tǒng)+-atic形容詞后綴。systematic liar 故意說謊者。
incompetently ????????????????(無能力地)即in+competent+ly,in-否定前綴,competnet(有能力的),-ly副詞后綴。
define ?????????(下定義;限定)即de+fine,de-向下,fine詞根“界限”。Man is made in such a way that he continually has to define himself and continually escape his own definitions.人注定要不斷地給自己下定義,又不斷地逃避他自己的定義。
desperate ???????????(絕望的;不顧一切的)←desper+ate,desper同despair(v.n.絕望),-ate形容詞后綴。If the failures of this world could realize how desperate half the present-day geniuses once felt, they would take heart and try again.世上的失敗者若能了解到當(dāng)今的天才有半數(shù)一度感到過多么絕望,他們就會振作精神再次努力。It is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.不做孤注一擲之事是智者的特征。
morphine ?????????? 嗎啡(音譯);well-meaning 善意的。2001 Passage 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
specialisation ??????????????????(專業(yè)化)即special+is(e)+ation,special(特別的;額外的),-ise動詞后綴(specialise即v.專業(yè)化),-ation名詞后綴;specialist(專家;專科醫(yī)生)←special+ist后綴表“人”。Love is a special affection for a man or a woman, which is stronger than that for any other person.愛情是對一個(gè)男人或女人的特殊的好感,它比對其他任何人的好感都強(qiáng)烈。specialist — a doctor whose patients can be ill only during office hours 專科醫(yī)生——一位醫(yī)生:他的病人只有在上班時(shí)間才能生病。specialist — one who knows more and more about less and less 專家——對越來越少的東西懂得越來越多的人。
response ??????????(回復(fù);響應(yīng))是respond(見2003年Text 2)的名詞形式。The sartorial artist no less than the sculptor, the painter and the musician dreams of creations that will awaken a response in the soul of the world.好裁縫跟雕塑家、畫家和音樂家一樣,夢想著能在世人靈魂中引起反響的作品。
accumulation ???????????????????(積累,堆積)即accumulate+ation,accumulate(v.積累,堆積),-ation名詞后綴。University are full of knowledge;the freshmen bring a little in and the seniors take none away, and knowledge accumulates.大學(xué)里充滿了知識,新生帶進(jìn)來一些,高年級學(xué)生則一點(diǎn)也不帶走,于是知識就積累了下來。professionalisation ???????????????????????(職業(yè)化)即professional+is(e)+ation,professional(職業(yè)的;職業(yè)人員),-ise動詞后綴(professionalise即v.職業(yè)化),-ation名詞后綴。In love woman are professionals, men are amateurs.在戀愛中女子是專業(yè)者,男子是業(yè)余者。
clear-cut 明確的,清晰的。
amateur ????????(業(yè)余的;業(yè)余愛好者)可記諧音“愛慕它”,“業(yè)余愛好者”選擇某專業(yè)必定是“愛慕它”。Every artist was once an amateur.所有的藝術(shù)家都曾經(jīng)是業(yè)余愛好者。
distinction ?????????????(差別,區(qū)分)即distinct+ion,distinct(清楚的,明顯的),-ion名詞后綴。同根詞:extinct滅絕(因?yàn)橛衳而省略s);instinct本能。Success seems to be that which forms the distinction between confidence and conceit.成功似乎是形成自信與自負(fù)區(qū)別的東西。
connotation ???????????????(涵義)即con+not(e)+ation,con-前綴“一起”,note記錄,-ation名詞后綴,“所有東西都被一起記錄在其中”→涵義。
integrate ????????????(使成為一體)←integr完整+ate,參disintegrate(2003年Text 4)。
participation ?????????????????(參加;分享)即parti+cip+ation,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓(參captive,2003年Text 3),-ation名詞后綴,“抓取其中一部分”→分享;動詞為participate←parti+cip+ate。We participate in a tragedy;at a comedy we only look.悲劇我們參加,喜劇我們僅僅觀看。
in terms of 依據(jù);用??措辭。
reveal ?????????(v.展現(xiàn);揭示;泄露)即re+veal,re-前綴(=away),veal(=veil)面紗,“揭開面紗”→展示。A person reveals his character by nothing so clearly as the joke he resents.沒有什么比一個(gè)人所反感的笑話更能顯露他的為人。If you reveal your secrets to the wind, you should not blame the wind for revealing them to the trees.你如果把秘密泄露給風(fēng),就不應(yīng)責(zé)怪風(fēng)把秘密泄露給樹。
emphasis ??????????(強(qiáng)調(diào),重點(diǎn))可看作em+phasis,em-前綴“強(qiáng)調(diào)”,phasis看作是phase(階段)的復(fù)述形式,于是“在各階段里最值得強(qiáng)調(diào)的”→強(qiáng)調(diào)。I sometime wish that people would put a little more emphasis upon the observance of the law than they do upon its enforcement.有時(shí)候我但愿人們多把重點(diǎn)放在遵守法律上,而非強(qiáng)調(diào)其實(shí)施。
primacy ???????????(首要,首位)即prim(e)+acy,prime首要的,-acy名詞后綴,primacy與privacy(隱私)一字母之差,“隱私”是最“首要”的。
definition ?????????????(定義)即defin(e)+ition,define(下定義;限定)見2002年Text 4,-ition名詞后綴。It is almost a definition of a gentleman to say that he is one who never inflicts pain.說一個(gè)人從不給人造成痛苦,這幾乎是下了一個(gè)關(guān)于君子的定義。
represent ?????????????(v.描述;代表)←re+present。Books only partially represent their authors.圖書只是部分地體現(xiàn)了作者。
reflect ??????????(v.反射;反映;思考)←re回+flect彎曲。There are two ways of spreading light: To be the candle, or the mirror that reflects it.散布光的方法有兩種:當(dāng)蠟燭或者當(dāng)反射燭光的鏡子。Who reflects too much will accomplish little.思慮過多者一事難成。
referee ???????????(仲裁者v.仲裁)←refer+ee。
separate ???????????(分離的v.分離)←se+par+ate,se-前綴“分離”,par看作part“分離”,-ate后綴。同前綴詞:select(v.選擇a.精選的)←se+lect選。We sleep in separate rooms, we have dinner apart, we take separate vacations — we're doing everything we can to keep our marriage together.我們在分開的房間睡覺,我們分開吃飯,我們分開度假——我們做著能做的一切以維持婚姻。You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.你無法將安寧與自由分開,因?yàn)榈貌坏阶杂烧l都不會安寧。
delay ????????(v.n.耽擱,延遲)看作de+lay,de-向下,lay放,把事情暫時(shí)“放下”→耽擱。Never delay that should be done today until tomorrow.不要把今天應(yīng)做的事推遲到明天。
reckon ????????(v.認(rèn)為;估算)看作re+ckon,re-前綴“反復(fù)”,ckon諧音“啃”,題目太難了,需要“re啃”才能“估算”出答案。I reckon being ill as one of the great pleasures of life, provided one is not too ill and is not obliged to work till one is better.我把生病當(dāng)作人生一大樂趣,只要病得不太嚴(yán)重,并且在好轉(zhuǎn)之前不被要求工作。crucial ??????????(極重要的,決定性的)即cruc+ial,cruc詞根(=cross),-ail形容詞后綴,“處于十字路口的”→關(guān)鍵的。
psychology ?????????????(心理學(xué))←psycho+logy,psycho詞根“心理”,-logy后綴“??學(xué)”。The purpose of psychology is to give us a completely different idea of the things we know best.心理學(xué)的用途是告訴我們對最熟悉事物的完全不同的觀念。psychology — ①the science that tells you what you already know, in words you can't understand ②the theology of the twentieth century 心理學(xué)——①一門科學(xué):它用你聽不明白的語言告訴你已經(jīng)知道的事 ②20世紀(jì)的神學(xué)。
in one's own right 憑自身?xiàng)l件;under way 在進(jìn)行中。
2001 Passage 2重點(diǎn)詞匯:
divide ?????????(分開;分配;除)是division /????????/(分開;部門;除法)的動詞形式。The only way on earth to multiply happiness is to divide it.世上唯一能使幸福成倍增加的方法是將其分作幾份。Grief can take care of itself, but to get the full value of a joy you must have somebody to divide it with.悲傷只需其自身就足夠了,然而要獲取一件樂事的充分價(jià)值,你就必須找人分享。Instead of this absurd division into sexes they ought to class people as static and dynamic.為取代性別這種荒唐的區(qū)別,他們應(yīng)該把人分成靜態(tài)與動態(tài)兩種。
loom ??????(v.隱約出現(xiàn);織布機(jī))可看作loo+m,loo即數(shù)字100,m即國際單位“米”,能織出100米長的布的“織布機(jī)”;另外布在織成以前是透明的,所以布后面的東西是可以“隱約出現(xiàn)”的。
commercialize ??????????????(使商業(yè)化)即commercial+ize,commercial(商業(yè)的)←commerc(e)+ial,-ize動詞后綴“使??化”。Good manners are the settled medium of social, as specie is of commercial life.禮貌是社會生活固定的中介,就像硬幣之于商業(yè)生活。commercialism — doing well that which should not be done at all 商業(yè)主義——把根本不該做的事做得很好。
universalize ??????????????????(使普遍化)即universal+ize,universal(宇宙的;普遍的)←univers(e)+al,-ize動詞后綴“使??化”。Envy is the most universal passion.忌妒是最普遍的情感。universe — merely a fleeting idea in God's mind — a pretty uncomfortable thought, particularly if you're just made a down payment on a house 宇宙——不過是上帝頭腦里一個(gè)稍縱即逝的想法——一種讓人很不舒服的想法,特別是在你剛預(yù)付過房子的定金之后。
impoverish ????????????(使貧窮;使枯竭)←im加強(qiáng)前綴+pover詞根+ish動詞后綴; 同根詞:poverty ?????????(貧窮)←pover+ty名詞后綴。
prejudice ????????????(偏見v.n.損害)即pre+jud+ice,pre-前綴“在前”,jud詞根“判斷”(=judge),-ice后綴,“在弄清事實(shí)之前就做出判斷”→偏見,而“偏見”是會招致“損害”的。Prejudice is the child of ignorance.偏見是無知的產(chǎn)物。prejudice — a device enabling you to form opinions without getting the facts 偏見——使你能在不了解事實(shí)的情況下形成觀點(diǎn)的一種裝置。
respect ??????????(v.n.尊敬)即re+spect,re-反復(fù),spect詞根“看”,反復(fù)看一個(gè)人是對其表示“尊敬”;with respect to 關(guān)于。All the great religions are fundamentally equal.We must have innate respect for other religions as we have for our own.一切偉大的宗教在根本上都是等同的。我們對于其它宗教,必須像對自己的宗教一樣懷著天然的敬意。respect — to admire from a distance 尊敬——從遠(yuǎn)處贊賞。
sovereignty ???????????(主權(quán);主權(quán)國家)即sover+(r)eign+ty,sover(=over)在上,reign統(tǒng)治,-ty名詞后綴,“在上面統(tǒng)治”;sovereign(統(tǒng)治的;統(tǒng)治者)←sover+(r)eign。Men in great places are thrice servants: servants of the sovereign or state;servants of fame;and servants of business.身居高位者是三重仆人:統(tǒng)治者或國家的仆人,名聲的仆人,以及事務(wù)的仆人。
infrastructure ?????????????????(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)即infra+structure,infra-前綴“在下”,structure(v.n.構(gòu)造)。以infra-為前綴的詞:infrahuman(類人猿的;類人生物)←infra+human;infrared(紅外線的;紅外線)←infra+red。
telecom ??????????(電信)即telecommunication。
responsible ?????????????(負(fù)責(zé)的;可靠的;責(zé)任重大的)即respons(e)+ible,response回應(yīng)(見2001年P(guān)assage 1),-ible能??的,“能得到回應(yīng)的”→負(fù)責(zé)的。An idea isn't responsible for the people who believe in it.一種思想對信仰它的人并不負(fù)有責(zé)任。To be a man is, precisely, to be responsible.確切地說,做男人就是負(fù)責(zé)任。
in the interest of 為了??的利益;may well 很有可能;lie down 屈從。2001 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
journalism ??????????????(新聞;新聞業(yè))即journal+ism,journal(期刊;日志),-ism后綴。journalism — that with which you may fill the space between advertisements 新聞——用以填充廣告與廣告之間的空隙的東西。
credibility ???????????????(可信性)即cred+ibility,cred詞根“相信”(如credit→cred+it→信用),-ibility名詞后綴“可??性”(如ability←a+(i)bility)。credibility gap — what happens to the same news between the morning telecast and the evening paper 信用差距——早間電視新聞與晚報(bào)之間同一條新聞發(fā)生的情況。
head-scratching(令人為難的)即head+scratch+ing,head頭,scratch抓,-ing形容詞后綴,“急得直抓頭”→為難的。template ??????????(模板)可看作templ(e)+ate,temple寺廟,ate吃,現(xiàn)在傾向于素食的人越來越多,而temple是ate素的“模板”(template)。
conventional ?????????????(傳統(tǒng)的,慣例的)←convention+al,參convention(大會;慣例;公約),2002年Text 1。
newsroom ???????????(編輯室;閱覽室)←news+room。backbone ??????????(主干)←back+bone。
survey??????????(v.n.俯瞰;調(diào)查)即sur+vey,sur-前綴=super,vey詞根“看”,故“從上面看”→俯瞰→引申為“調(diào)查”。An informal survey shows that what most people wanted for Christmas was two more weeks to prepare for it.一項(xiàng)非正式調(diào)查顯示,大多數(shù)人圣誕節(jié)想要的東西是再給兩個(gè)星期準(zhǔn)備過節(jié)。
questionnaire ??????????????(調(diào)查表)←question+naire名詞后綴表“物”。
metropolitan??????????????????(大都市的;大都市的人)即metro+polit+an,metro-前綴“母體,大”,同matri-,《黑客帝國》里的電腦“母體”就叫Matrix(即母體這東東太復(fù)雜,對任何人來說都是個(gè)大的未知數(shù)X),polit詞根“城市”,-an后綴表“??的”或“??的人”;也可把polit看作polite(有禮貌的),于是“懂禮貌的大地方”→大都市的。
upscale ??????????(高消費(fèi)階層的;質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)高的)←up向上+scale等級。
volunteer ???????????(志愿的;志愿者v.志愿)←volunt意愿+eer;voluntary(自愿的)←volunt+ary形容詞后綴。Maintain outside interests — volunteer in not-for-profits and stay physically fit.保持業(yè)余愛好——自愿做無利可圖的事情而保持身體健康。
sponsor ?????????(v.發(fā)起;贊助n.主辦者)←spons(e)詞根+or后綴;參response,2001年P(guān)assage 1。The longest word in the English language is the one following the phrase: “And now a word from our sponsor.”英語中最長的單詞是由此引發(fā)的:“現(xiàn)在請贊助者×××。”←此處×××不好譯,因?yàn)轱@然不能譯為“說一個(gè)詞”,而譯為“說幾句話”則失去了原句的一語雙關(guān)。
symposium ?????????????(專題討論會;專題論文集)即sym+pos+ium,sym-前綴“共同”,pos詞根“放”,-ium后綴表“地方”,“把共同的問題放在一起討論”→專題討論會,“把共同討論好的問題放在一起”→專題論文集。
bias ????????(v.n.偏見)諧音“白餓死”,古人有骨氣者不吃嗟來之食而餓死,后來某些人對此不以為然,認(rèn)為這是古人的“偏見”,所以是“白餓死”(bias)←白白餓死。
gender ?????????(性別)可看作gen(e)+der,gene即單詞“基因”,der諧音“的”,故“基因的”→“由基因決定的”→性別。
contradictory ?????????????????(反駁的;矛盾的;對立物)即contra+dict+ory,contra-前綴“相反”,dict詞根“說”(如dictate→dict+ate動詞后綴→口述;命令),-ory后綴;contradict(v.反駁;矛盾)←contra+dict。Assertion is not argument, to contradict the statement of an opponent is not proof that you are correct.堅(jiān)定的看法不是論據(jù),反駁對手的說法不能證明你是正確的。
illuminating ?????????????????(照明的;啟發(fā)的)即illuminat(e)+ing形容詞后綴,illuminate(照明;啟發(fā))可看作illumin+ate,illumin諧音“一路明”,-ate動詞后綴,“使”“一路明”→照明→引申為“啟發(fā)”。The man of science, like the artist, may easily have more facts than he can use.Both seek the one fact out of a million that will illuminate their idea.Both find that it is rarely to be had without research.與藝術(shù)家一樣,科學(xué)家可以輕易得到用不盡的事實(shí)。他們都在上百萬的事實(shí)中尋求能說明自己想法的那一個(gè),都發(fā)現(xiàn)未經(jīng)調(diào)查研究而得到它幾乎 是不可能的。
superficial ??????????????(表面的;膚淺的)即super+fici+al,super-前綴“上面的”,fici看作face“表面”,-al形容詞后綴,“表面上的”→膚淺的。To know things well, we must know them in detail;but as that is almost endless, our knowledge is always superficial and imperfect.為了充分認(rèn)識事物,我們必須詳細(xì)了解它們,然而那幾乎是沒有窮盡的,所以我們的知識總是膚淺和不完善的。
be known as 稱為;alien to 為??所不熟悉;put down roots in 定居;get around to 抽時(shí)間做。2001 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
acquisition ?????????????(收購;獲得;獲得物)即acquisit+(t)ion,acquisit為acquire(v.獲得)之變形,-tion名詞后綴。
hyperactive ??????????????????(過度活躍的)即hyper+active,hyper-前綴“超過;過度”(h脫落,元音y變u,即為uper),active活躍的。
unsurpassed ????????????????(未被超越的)即un+surpass+ed,un-否定前綴,surpass(v.超過)←sur前綴“超”+pass過,-ed形容詞后綴。If a pupil looks up at the teacher as a model, but not as a rival, he can never surpass the teacher.弟子如果視老師為榜樣而非對手,他就永遠(yuǎn)超不過老師。
concentration ?????????????????(集中;專心;濃度)即con+centr+ation,con-前綴“一起”,centr(=center)詞根“中心”,-ation名詞后綴,“一起聚集在中心的”→集中;專心。No fine work can be done without concentration and self-sacrifice and toil and doubt.沒有全神貫注、自我犧牲、辛勞和懷疑,就做不出優(yōu)秀的工作。concentration — the ability to do your son's homework while he is watching television 專心——兒子看電視時(shí)你替他做家庭作業(yè)的本事。
multinational ?????????????????(跨國公司;跨國公司的)即multi+national,multi-前綴“多”(如multiple→multi+ple倍→v.加倍;多倍的;倍數(shù)),national國家的。
affiliate ???????????(v.附屬;附屬機(jī)構(gòu))即af+fili+ate,af-加強(qiáng)前綴,fili諧音“費(fèi)力”,-ate后綴,想讓別人成為自己的“附屬”是很“費(fèi)力”的。
phenomenon ????????????(現(xiàn)象)復(fù)數(shù)形式為phenomena。Nature is by no means inferior to art, and no works of art is not the imitation of various phenomena of nature.自然絕對不低于藝術(shù),藝術(shù)作品無一不是對種種自然現(xiàn)象的模仿。
M&A(兼并與收購)即文中提到的mergers and acquisitions。
detrimental ??????????????(有害的)可看作detri+mental,detri諧音“淡吃”(滬方言,表示只吃飯而不吃菜),mental諧音“饅頭”,于是“淡吃饅頭”→天天只吃饅頭而不吃菜對身體是“有害的”。
megamerger ?????????????(大兼并)←mega大+merger。
supervise ?????????????(監(jiān)督;管理)←super在上面+vis看+e,參supervision(2002年Text 2)。gigantic ?????????????(巨大的)即gigant+ic,gigant(=giant)巨人,-ic形容詞后綴,“巨人的”→巨大的。He has a gignatic appetite, and eats gigantic meals.他食量很大,能吃很多食物。
infringement ???????????????(侵害)即in+fringe+ment,in-否定前綴,fringe(邊緣;劉海;穗),-ment名詞后綴,已經(jīng)“不”在“邊緣”→侵入內(nèi)部→侵害;infringe(v.侵害)←in+fringe。China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed.中國的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整決不允許侵犯。
pessimistic ??????????????(悲觀的)即pessimist+ic,pessimist悲觀主義者,-ic形容詞后綴。pessimist —
①a man who thinks that God created the earth in six days and then was laid off ②an optimist with a sense of reality 悲觀主義者——①一個(gè)認(rèn)為上帝用六天時(shí)間創(chuàng)造了世界,然后就被解雇了的人 ②具有現(xiàn)實(shí)感的樂觀主義者。
warn against 告誡防范;take upon oneself 承擔(dān)。2001 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)單詞:
lateral ??????????(側(cè)面的,旁邊的)可看作later+al,later即單詞“后來”,-al詞后綴,“后來者只能靠邊站”→旁邊的。在文中此詞用引申義,各參考書觀點(diǎn)不盡相同,請自甄別。
curiously??????????????(好奇地;奇怪地)←curious+ly;curious(好奇的;奇怪的)即curi+ous,curi關(guān)心=care(因?yàn)樵艨商鎿Q),-ous形容詞后綴“有??性質(zhì)的”,故“對某事非常關(guān)心的”→好奇的。It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more;but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.一個(gè)奇怪的事實(shí)是,在失意的日子里,我們能夠生動地想起不復(fù)存在的好時(shí)光;而在得意的時(shí)候,對苦難的日子只留有非常淡漠而殘缺的記憶。←這是德國哲學(xué)家叔本華說的,其代表作《作為意志與表象的世界》是guangxian最欣賞的哲學(xué)作品,商務(wù)印書館出過中譯本。
downshifting??????????????? ←down+shift+ing,原義指汽車調(diào)檔減速,文中指“放慢生活節(jié)奏”。passionate ??????????(充滿熱情的)即passion+ate,passion(激情;暴怒),-ate此作形容詞后綴。Passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavours.激情存在于一切偉大的追求中,對所有創(chuàng)造性的活動都是必不可少的。
preach?????????(v.鼓吹;布道)可看作pr(e)+each,pre-前綴“在前”,each每個(gè),“牧師走到每個(gè)人面前”→布道。Preach not because you have to say something, but because you have something to say.布道不是由于你不得不說些什么,而是由于你有些話要說。
resignation ???????????????(辭職;順從)←resign+ation名詞后綴;resign(v.辭職;順從)←re+sign,re-前綴=away或=again,sign簽署,故“簽署后離開”→辭職,“再次簽署”→順從。What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所謂順從就是確定了的絕望。no resign oneself to being defeated 不甘心于失敗。
editorship ???????????(編輯職務(wù),編輯工作)←editor+ship,editor(編輯者),-ship抽象名詞后綴表“性質(zhì)、職位、資格等”,如:friendship、leadership、membership等。
doctrine ??????????(教義;學(xué)說)←doctr+ine,doctr=doctor(元音可增減),-ine名詞后綴表“物”,故“教授拿來講授的東西”→教義。參vaccine(疫苗),2003年Text 2。The wisest man preaches no doctrines;he has no scheme.最大的智者不鼓吹任何學(xué)說,沒有任何體系。
juggle?????????(n.v.雜耍)發(fā)音與滬方言對撲克牌中Jack的發(fā)音同,“拿撲克牌玩雜耍(juggle),引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑”,文中juggle引申為“忙忙碌碌”。
deadline???????????(最后期限)←dead+line。
Newsletter ?????????????(時(shí)事通訊,簡報(bào))←news+letter。cling-film(食品保鮮膜)←cling粘著+film薄膜。
equivalent??????????????(相等的,等價(jià)的;相等物,等價(jià)物)即equi+val+ent,equi相等(如:equal相等的),val價(jià)值(如:value價(jià)值),-ent后綴。In truth, politeness is artificial good humor, it covers the natural want of it, and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.禮貌實(shí)際上是人為的好性情,它掩蓋了它天生的不足,結(jié)果給慣于此道者提供了與真正美德幾乎相當(dāng)?shù)拇闷贰?/p>
drop out 退隱,逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)。
redundancy ?????????????(冗余)即red+und+ancy,red-(=re-),und詞根“多”,-ancy名詞后綴,“越來越(re)多”→冗余。同根詞:abundant(豐富的)←ab加強(qiáng)前綴+und多+ant形容詞后綴。redundancy — an air-bag in a politician's car 多余物——政治家汽車?yán)锏谋kU(xiǎn)氣袋。
thrift ???????(節(jié)儉;繁榮)可記:“節(jié)儉”導(dǎo)致“繁榮”;thrifty(節(jié)儉的;繁榮的)←thrift+y形容詞后綴。thrift→thrive(v.繁榮),類似變化的單詞有theft(n.偷)→thieve(v.偷)。It is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.節(jié)儉就是今天為明天的需要作準(zhǔn)備。
recognition ??????????????(n.認(rèn)出,承認(rèn))是recognise(或recognize)的名詞形式。Three fundamental truths without a recognition of which there can be no effective liberty: that what we believe is not necessarily true;that what we like is not necessarily good;and that all questions are open.有三條基本真理,如果不承認(rèn)就不會有實(shí)在的自由:我們相信的未必真實(shí),我們喜愛的未必美好,一切問題都無定論。
adventurous ??????????????(喜冒險(xiǎn)的;充滿危險(xiǎn)的)←adventur(e)冒險(xiǎn)+ous形容詞后綴。A good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批評家是個(gè)講述自己的精神在杰作中歷險(xiǎn)的人。adventure — the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social 冒險(xiǎn)——個(gè)人歷史和社會歷史中的維生素。
2000 Passage 2 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
maturity ?????????????(成熟)←matur(e)+ity,mature(成熟的v.成熟),-ity名詞后綴。Love is quiet understanding and the mature acceptance of imperfection.愛情是靜靜的理解和對不足之處的成熟接受。maturity — ①behaviour determined by the plans other people have in mind ②a high price for growing 成熟——①按照別人腦子 里的計(jì)劃決定自己的行為 ②成長的高昂代價(jià)。
mortality ????????????(死亡率)←mortal+ity,mortal(致命的;凡人),-ity名詞后綴。If I laugh at any mortal thing, it's that I may not weep.如果我笑任何mortal事物,那是為了我可以免于哭泣。←此處mortal的中文意思guangxian不知如何表達(dá)。
survive ?????????(v.幸存;比??活的長)即sur+vive,sur-(=super-)前綴“超”,vive詞根“活的”,于是“超過別人活的長度”→比別人活得長→幸存;
survival ???????????(n.幸存;幸存者)←surviv(e)+al名詞后綴。同根詞:revive(v.恢復(fù);復(fù)蘇),見2003年Text 1。I have observed that only those plants in nature which are strongest survive and reproduce themselves.It seems to me that hardiness is the chief essential for success.我觀察到,自然界中只有最強(qiáng)壯的植物才能存活并繁衍。看來堅(jiān)韌是成功的基本要素。The survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr.Darwin has called 'natural selection', or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.我在這里一直想要以機(jī)械論術(shù)語表達(dá)的適者生存,就是達(dá)爾文先生說過的“自然選擇”,或者說是優(yōu)越種族在生存斗爭中的保存。guangxian注:英特爾前任總裁Andrew S.Grove的一本極具影響力的書就叫“Only the Paranoid Survive”。此書名一直被譯作《只有偏執(zhí)狂才能生存》,導(dǎo)致上世紀(jì)九十年代后期以來無數(shù)強(qiáng)烈渴望成功的創(chuàng)業(yè)者(IT界為甚)以將“偏激固執(zhí)”作為人生信條而自豪。但就像很多人已指出的那樣,“paranoid”不是指上述意義的“偏執(zhí)狂”,而是指“迫害妄想狂”,其典型癥狀是——認(rèn)為周圍所有人都想加害自己而終日惶恐不安。Grove在書的前言中說:Business success contains the seeds of its own destruction.The more successful you are, the more people want a chunk of your business and then another chunk and then another until there is nothing left.I believe that the prime responsibility of a manager is to guard constantly against other people's attacks and to inculcate this guardian attitude in the people under his or her management.企業(yè)的成功包含著自身毀滅的種子。你越是成功,對你垂涎三尺的人就越多,他們會一塊塊地奪取你的生意,直到最后一點(diǎn)都不剩。所以管理者的首要職責(zé)就是始終保持警惕以防范他人襲擊,并把這種防范意識灌輸給下屬人員。
evolution??????????????(n.進(jìn)化;發(fā)展),動詞形式為evolve ????????;
evolutionary ????????????????(進(jìn)化的)←evolution+ary形容詞后綴;另revolution(見2003年Text 1)可看作r+evolution,r看作鐮刀,于是“用鐮刀使其發(fā)展”→“拿著鐮刀鬧革命”→革命。Evolution is not the force but a process, not a cause but a law.進(jìn)化不是動力而是過程,不是原因而是法則。
opportunity ???????????????(機(jī)會)即op+port+un(e)+ity,op-前綴=to,port港口,-une后綴,-ity后綴,有港口的地方都是很發(fā)達(dá)的,因此人們都到港口去尋找“機(jī)會”。Opportunity makes the thief.大意失荊州。(←妙!)A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.智者創(chuàng)造的機(jī)會要比他發(fā)現(xiàn)的多。opportunity — a bird that never perches 機(jī)遇——一只不落的鳥。
diminish ??????????(v.縮小,減少)即di+min+ish,di-前綴“使”,min詞根“小”=mini,-ish動詞后綴。Absence diminishes little passions and increases great ones, just as the wind blows out a candle and fans a fire.離別減弱淺薄的感情而增強(qiáng)深厚的感情,正如風(fēng)吹滅蠟燭而煽旺火焰。
poverty ?????????(貧窮)記其中有over←“人貧窮就完了”(即使物質(zhì)貧窮,在精神上也不能貧窮)。Poverty is not vice, but an inconvenience.貧窮不是罪惡,而是一種不便。poverty — having enough money to buy all the things you ever wanted to have if only you hadn't got children貧窮——假如沒有孩子,你的錢就能買得起你想要的任何東西。
mediocrity ???????????????(平常)可看作medi+ocr+ity,medi-前綴“中間”(如medium→medi+um后綴→中間的;媒介),ocr看作Optical Character Recognition(光學(xué)字符識別),-ity名詞后綴,用中等(medi)識別率OCR的效果是平常(medicocrity)的。
upper-middle-class 上中階層。
Utopia ????????????(烏托邦)是英國空想社會主義者托馬斯?莫爾(Thomas More)所著書名的簡稱,書中描寫了作者所想象的沒有階級的幸福社會——烏托邦,意即“沒有的地方”。Utopia — a place where men are severely punished for all odours and noises they expel烏托邦——在那個(gè)地方,人類因其散發(fā)的氣味和制造的噪音而受到懲罰。involve ?????????(v.陷入;涉及)←in+volve,in-前綴=into,volve詞根“卷”,“把東西卷到里面”。參revolution詞條(含revolve),2003年Text 1。Great discoveries and improvements invariably involve the co-operation of many minds.偉大的發(fā)展和改進(jìn)總是牽涉到許多富于才智的人的協(xié)作。The power of choice must invovle the possibility of error — that is the essence of choosing.選擇的權(quán)力必須包括出錯(cuò)的可能——這是選擇的精髓。
transform ????????????(v.轉(zhuǎn)變;改造)即trans+form,trans-前綴“改變”,form詞根“形狀”。Marriage is the miracle that transform a kiss from a pleasure into a duty, and a life from a luxury into a necessity.婚姻是個(gè)奇跡,它把接吻從快樂化為義務(wù),把生活從享樂化為必需。
describe ???????????(v.描述,形容)←de向下+scribe寫,“寫下來”,名詞為description。A man never discloses his own character so clearly as when he describes another's.在描述另一個(gè)人的性格時(shí),人最清楚地顯露自己的性格。
descendant ??????????????(后裔)即de+scend+ant,de-向下,scend詞根“爬”,-ant名詞后綴表“人”。同根詞:descend→de+scend→“向下爬”→下降;ascend→a+scend→“向上爬”→攀登。One of the best things people could do for their descendants would be to sharply limit the number of them.人們能為后代做的最好的事情之一大概就是嚴(yán)格限制自己的數(shù)量。
2000 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
farfetched ????????????(牽強(qiáng)的)即far+fetch+ed,far遠(yuǎn)的,fetch拿來,-ed形容詞后綴,叫別人到很遠(yuǎn)(far)的地方去把東西拿回來(fetch),這個(gè)要求是很“牽強(qiáng)的”(fartetched)。
futurist ??????????????(未來派的;未來派藝術(shù)家)即futur(e)+ist,future(未來;未來的),-ist后綴。If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future.我們?nèi)绻谶^去和現(xiàn)在之間展開爭吵,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們喪失了未來。Every hour of lost time is a chance of future misfortune.失去的每一小時(shí)都構(gòu)成未來不幸發(fā)生的可能。future — something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour 未來——每個(gè)人都在以每小時(shí)60分鐘的速度接近的東西。future shock — the shattering stress and disorientation that we induce in individuals by subjecting them to too much change in too short a time 未來的沖擊——我們通過讓個(gè)人在太短的時(shí)間內(nèi)承受太多的變化而施加給他們的破壞性壓力和定向障礙。
undergo ???????????(v.經(jīng)歷;承受)即under+go,“在下面走”→經(jīng)歷。You cannot create experience, you must undergo it.你不能創(chuàng)造經(jīng)驗(yàn),你必須經(jīng)歷它。undergo a long process of tempering 經(jīng)受長期的磨練。
corresponding ???????????????(相應(yīng)的;符合的)即cor+respond+ing,cor-共同(con-在r前的變形),respond反應(yīng)(見2003年Text 2),-ing形容詞后綴;動詞形式為correspond(相應(yīng);符合;通信)。Two delusions fostered by higher education are that what is taught corresponds to what is learned, and that it will somehow pay off in money.高等教育造成了兩種錯(cuò)覺,一是教的東西就等于學(xué)到的東西,二是它總會通過某種方式以金錢回報(bào)。
interpret ????????????(v.解釋;口譯);interpretor(譯員)←interpret+or后綴表“人”。The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways;the point is to change it.哲學(xué)家們只是以不同的方式解釋世界,而問題在于改變世界。interpretor — someone who lies in two languages 譯員——用兩種語言說謊的人。
essential ??????????(必不可少的;本質(zhì)的);名詞形式為essence(本質(zhì);精華),記諧音“愛深思”→只有愛深思(essence)才可能發(fā)現(xiàn)事物的“本質(zhì)”和“精華”。As a researcher perhaps two characters are most essential, one is love for sciences, the other is curiosity.作為研究人員有兩種品質(zhì)也許是最基本的:一是對科學(xué)的熱愛,一是對事物的好奇心。
finite ??????????(有限的)即fin+ite,fin詞根“完”(如finish→fin+ish后綴→v.n.完成),-ite形容詞后綴,“有完的”→有限的。反義詞:infinite(無限的;無限的東西)←in否定前綴+finite。參define(下定義;限定),2002年Text 4)。a finite number of possibilities 有限的幾種可能性。
explanatory ???????????????(說明的,解釋的)即ex+plan+atory,ex-前綴=out,plan即plain(元音可增減),-atory形容詞后綴,“簡單明白地表達(dá)出來的”→解釋的;動詞形式為explain←ex+plain;名詞形式為explanation←ex+plan+ation。Mediocrities can explain everything, and are surprised at nothing.庸人能夠解釋一切,他們對任何事都不感到意外。←mediocrity參2000年P(guān)assage 2。A little inaccuracy sometimes saves tons of explanations.少許的含糊有時(shí)能省去大量的解釋。
determine ???????????(v.決心;確定)即de+termine,de-加強(qiáng)前綴,termine詞根“結(jié)束”(參terminal,2002年Text 2),故“使結(jié)束”→決定。The surest way not to fail is to determine to succeed.不致失敗的最可靠方法是決心 成功。When it is not in our power to detemine what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable.在無法認(rèn)定何者正確之時(shí),就應(yīng)采用可能性最大的一個(gè)。
all the same 仍然;at will 隨意。2000 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
postwar ????????????(戰(zhàn)后)←post前綴“在后”+war;
prewar ???????????(戰(zhàn)前)←pre前綴“在前”+war。postwar architecture — the accountants' revenge on the prewar businessmen's dreams 戰(zhàn)后的建筑——會計(jì)師們對戰(zhàn)前商人們的夢想的報(bào)復(fù)。
harmony ??????????(和諧,融洽)可看作har+mony,har諧音“哈”,mony即money,于是“哈!money!”→有錢很多事情都會變得“和諧”與“融洽”。No family harmony, no social stability.沒有家庭的和睦,就沒有社會的穩(wěn)定。
sacrifice ????????????(v.n.犧牲;奉獻(xiàn))可看作sa+cri+fice,sa諧音似“殺”,cri看作cry(元音替換),fice看作face(元音替換),于是“因馬上要被殺(sa)而淚留(cri)滿面(fice)的東西”→犧牲。Good manners are made up of petty sacrifices.得體的僦褂尚磯嘞感〉奈鉤傘henever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to attain it.無論何時(shí),只要有目標(biāo),你就要犧牲一定的自由以達(dá)到它。
counterpart ?????????????(相似或?qū)?yīng)的人或物)即counter+part,counter-前綴“對等”,part部分,“對等的部分”。
personality ???????????????(人格;個(gè)性)←person+ality名詞后綴。Personality is to man what perfume is to a flower.個(gè)性之于人一如香氣之于花。personality — everything that's false in a human, everything that's been added on to him and contrived 個(gè)性——人類身上所有虛假的東西,所有強(qiáng)加在他身上的不自然的東西。
assault ?????????(v.n.攻擊)即as+sault,as前綴=to,sault滬方言“燒掉”之諧音,于是“去把敵人的東西燒掉”→“火攻”→攻擊。Against the assault of laughter nothing can stand.沒有東西能抵擋笑聲的進(jìn)攻。
conservative ??????????????(保守的;保守主義者)即con+serv(e)+ative,con-前綴“全部”,serve詞根“保持”(=keep),-ative后綴;參conservation(2002年Text 3)。When a nation's young men are conservative, its funeral bell is already rung.當(dāng)一個(gè)國家的青年因循守舊,這個(gè)國家的喪鐘即已敲響。conservative — ①someone who wants to keep what he already had lost ②a man who wants the rules changed so that no one can make a pile the way he did ③someone who believes that nothing should be done for the first time 守舊者——①試圖保留已經(jīng)失去的東西的人 ②希望改變一下規(guī)矩,使任何人都不能再像他那樣賺錢的人 ③相信什么事都不應(yīng)當(dāng)有第一次的人。
authorities ????????????(當(dāng)局,官方);原形為authority(權(quán)力;權(quán)威;權(quán)威者)←author作者+ity名詞后綴。All authority belongs to the people.一切權(quán)力屬于人民。Authority is not truth, but truth possesses the authority.權(quán)威不是真理,但真理擁有權(quán)威。authority — a high hat under which every donkey can hide his ears 權(quán)力——一頂高帽子,驢子戴上它也能遮住耳朵。
endure ?????????(v.忍受;持續(xù))即en+dure,en-前綴“使”,dure詞根“持續(xù)”(如durable→持久的)。We have all sufficient strength to endure the misfortunes of others.我們具有極其充足的力量來忍受他人的不幸。Colors fade, temples crumble, empires fall, but wise words endure.色彩會消退,廟宇會坍塌,帝國會崩潰,但智慧的話永存。
isolate ???????????(v.隔離,孤立)←isol+ate,isol即isle“小島”(元音可增減替換),-ate動詞后綴,使像小島一樣被“孤立”。The word, even the most contradictions word, preserves contact — it is silence which isolates.話語,甚至最矛盾的話語也維持著人們的聯(lián)系——是沉默使人們隔離。
generation ???????????????(產(chǎn)生;一代人)←generat(e)+ion,generate(v.產(chǎn)生),-ion名詞后綴。Each generation imagines itself to be more intelligent than the one that went before it, and wiser than the one that comes after it.每代人都想象自己比前一代聰明,也比后一代明智。
commute ??????????(v.乘公交車上下班,乘車船往返于兩地)即com+mute,com-前綴“一起”,mute詞根“交換”,于是“一直在兩地間交換位置”→乘車往返上下班。參mutually,2003年Text 1。重點(diǎn)詞匯
divorce ?????????(v.n.離婚;分離)與diverse(多種多樣的;不同的)一起記,“離婚”后雙方就成為“不同的”人。Friendship is the marriage of the soul, and this marriage is liable to divorce.友誼是心靈的結(jié)合,這種結(jié)合 是易于解體的。divorce — ①a tragedy that after a while feels suspiciously like relief ②the best way to replace the first mistake by a second 離婚——①一場悲劇,片刻之后又似乎覺得像是一種解脫 ②用第二次錯(cuò)誤代替第一次錯(cuò)誤的最佳方法。
cultivation ???????????????(耕作;培養(yǎng))←cultivat(e)+tion,cultivate(v.耕作;培養(yǎng)),-tion名詞后綴。To cultivate oneself in disposition is not for the others, but for strengthening his own capacity in life.修養(yǎng)性情不是為了他人,而是為了加強(qiáng)自己的生活能力。
tolerant ???????????(寬容的)←toler+ant。The public is wonderfully tolerant — it forgives everything except genius.公眾寬容得驚人——他們寬恕一切,除了天才。
2000 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
ambition ??????????(雄心,野心)看作am+bit+ion,am是,bit一點(diǎn),-ion名詞后綴,考研的人都是(am)有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)(bit)野心(ambition),諧音“俺必勝”!
形容詞形式為ambitious ?????????? ←ambit+ious形容詞后綴。All ambitions are lawful except those which climb upward on the miseries or credulities of mankind.野心是合法的,不過利用人們的痛苦或輕信者除外。ambition — ①the noble name one gives to his money problems ②the immemorial weakness of the strong 志向——①給經(jīng)濟(jì)困難取的高雅名字 ②堅(jiān)強(qiáng)者的永久性虛弱。
destiny ??????????(命運(yùn))看作de+s+tiny,de-否定前綴,s諧音“是”,tiny微小的,命運(yùn)(destiny)不(de)是(s)小事情(tiny)。A tyrant's authority for crime, and a fool's excuse for failure.命運(yùn):暴君作惡的理由,傻瓜失敗的借口。destiny — statistics by another name 命運(yùn)——統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的代名詞。
vitality ????????????(生命力)即vit(a)+al+ity,vita詞根“生命”(如vitamin←vita+min,原義為“維持生命的胺類物質(zhì)”,即“維生素”),-al形容詞后綴,-ity名詞后綴。vitality — the pursuit of life 活力——對生命的追求。
hypocritical ????????????????(偽善的)看作hypo+critical,hypo-前綴“在??之下、次于”(如hypothesis→hypo+thesis論點(diǎn)→次于論點(diǎn)地位的→n.假設(shè)),critical批評的,“在批評之下的”→偽善的;
名詞形式為hypocrisy ????????????(虛偽,偽善)。hypocrisy — ①the lubricant of society ②the most difficult and nerve-racking vice that any man can pursue;it needs an unceasing vigilance and a rare detachment of spirit 偽善——①社會的潤滑劑 ②人們所能學(xué)到的最困難、最刺激的惡習(xí);它需要不懈的警惕性和精神的高度超脫。
escape ?????????(v.n.逃跑;避免)看作es+cap+e,es-(=ex-),cap帽子,“從帽子里出去”→“金蟬脫殼”→逃跑。Investing the future has been man's favourite game of escape.虛構(gòu)未來一向是人類最喜愛的逃避把戲。Many have been ruined by their fortunes, and many have escaped ruin by the want of fortune.有許多人毀于幸運(yùn),還有許多人由于缺乏幸運(yùn)而免于毀滅。
confess ?????????(v.供認(rèn);坦白;懺悔)即con+fess,con-一起,fess詞根“說”,“把知道的全都說了”。同根詞:profess ?????????(v.聲稱;教授)←pro向前+fess說,“走到前面對大家說”。I'm not ashamed to confess that I'm ignorant of what I don't know.我不恥于承認(rèn)對自己不懂的事情的無知。
pushing ????????(有進(jìn)取心的;急功近利的)←push推+ing形容詞后綴。
acquisitive ????????????(渴望獲得的;貪得無厭的)即acquisit+ive,acquisit為acquire(v.獲得)之變形,-ive形容詞后綴。參acquisition,2001年P(guān)assage 4。In an acquisitive society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is monetary greed.在一個(gè)貪婪的社會里,貪財(cái)是自私自利的突出表現(xiàn)形式。
vulgar ???????????(粗俗的)諧音“浮哥”,“輕浮的哥哥”→粗俗的;名詞為vulgarity(粗俗;粗俗的行為)←vulgar+ity名詞后綴。Prejudices are what rule the vulgar crowd.支配庸人們的是偏見。vulgarity — the garlic in the salad of taste 粗俗——味覺色拉里的大蒜。
spectacle????????????(場面;奇觀)即spect+acle,spect詞根“看”,-acle表“物”。同根詞:spectator(觀眾,旁觀者)←spect+ator后綴表“人”。Life is not a spectacle or a feast;it is a predicament.生活并非奇觀,亦非盛宴,它是一種困境。
participatory ?????????????????(供分享的)即parti+cip+atory,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓,-atory形容詞后綴,“抓取其中一部分”→供分享的。參participation,2001年P(guān)assage 1。
democracy ????????????(民主;民主制;民主國家)←demo+cracy,demo-人民,cracy統(tǒng)治,“由人民統(tǒng)治的”;也可把demo看作“演示”(如很多演示版軟件就叫Demo),尚處于演示(demo)階段的統(tǒng)治(cracy)手段→民 主(democracy)。另可記:autocracy(獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治;專制國家)←auto自己+cracy;autonomy(自治)←auto+nom+y。Democracy means simply the bludgeoning of the people by the people for the people.民主不過是意味著為了人民而由人民來強(qiáng)制人民。democracy — ①the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried ②hypocrisy without limitation ③a process by which the people are free to choose the man who will get the blame ④the recurrent suspicion that more than half of the people are right more than half of the time 民主——①除所有嘗試過的形式以外最壞的管理形式 ②無限制的虛偽 ③人們自由選擇該責(zé)備誰的過程 ④一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的疑問:大多數(shù)情況下大多數(shù)人都是正確的嗎。
enroll ?????????(v.招收;入學(xué);入伍)即en+roll,en-使,roll名冊,“使登記入冊”。I like your institute but I do not want to enroll.我喜歡你們學(xué)院,但我不想報(bào)名去那里。
impulse ?????????(v.n.推動;沖動)看作im+pulse,im-加強(qiáng)前綴,pulse脈搏。There is one thing better than crushing impulse, it is using impulse.有一件事比壓制沖動更可取,即利用沖動。
stir ??????(v.攪動;激動;鼓動)與star(明星)只一元音字母之差,聯(lián)想:star有stir的作用。Make no little plans: they have no magic to stir men's blood.不要作小計(jì)劃,它們沒有激動熱血的魔力。
earnest ?????????(熱心的,誠摯的)看作earn+est,earn賺錢,est即最高級,“很多很多人非常非常熱衷于賺錢”。An earnest desire to succeed is almost always prognostic of success.對成功的熱切愿望幾乎總是成功的預(yù)兆。
contemptible ??????????????(卑劣的)即contempt+ible,contempt蔑視,-ible可??的。at an end 完結(jié);get on in life 出人頭地。[推薦]1999年考研英語閱讀真題重點(diǎn)單詞記憶 1999 Passage 1重點(diǎn)詞匯:
It's a rough world out there.Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.Light up the stove and you co compensate ?????????????(補(bǔ)償,賠償)看作com+pens+ate,com-前綴“一起”,pens鋼筆,-ate動詞后綴,“把鋼筆全都給你”→賠償;
名詞形式為compensation???????????????? ←com+pens+ation名詞后綴。True tragedy may be defined as a dramatic work in which the outward failure of the principal personage is compensated for by the dignity and greatness of his character.真正的悲劇可以這樣定義:一部劇作,劇中主人公的表面失敗由其人格的高貴偉大予以補(bǔ)償。
misfortune ?????????????(不幸;災(zāi)難)←mis+fortune,mis-否定前綴,fortune(運(yùn)氣;財(cái)產(chǎn))見2003年Text 3。No misfortune can be as great as the loss of time.再大的不幸也比不上時(shí)間的損失。
anticipate ?????????????(預(yù)料,期望)即anti+cip+ate,anti-前綴“先前的”(如antique→anti+que后綴→古老的;古玩),cip詞根“抓”(參participation,2001年P(guān)assage 1),-ate動詞后綴,于是“在事情發(fā)生之前就在腦子里將其抓住”→預(yù)料。What we anticipate seldom occurs;what we lest expected generally happens.我們所預(yù)料的事很少發(fā)生,最預(yù)料不到的事卻往往出現(xiàn)。
stepladder ???????????(一種通常在頂端有個(gè)小平臺的活動梯子)←step臺階+ladder梯子。
interaction ??????????????(互相作用)←inter互相+act作用+ion名詞后綴。It is the interaction of his personality and period that results in the formation of a composer's style.作曲家風(fēng)格的形成,是其個(gè)性與時(shí)代相互作用的結(jié)果。
regulation ??????????????(調(diào)整;校準(zhǔn);規(guī)章)即regul+ation,regul詞根“規(guī)則”=rule(如regular→定期的;規(guī)則的),-ation名詞后綴;動詞形式為regulate(調(diào)整;校準(zhǔn);管制)←regul+ate。The use of travelling is to regulate imagination by reality, and instead of thinking how things may be, to see them as they are.旅行的價(jià)值在于用顯示校正想象,目睹事物的本來面目,而非臆想它們可能如何。regulation — the substitution of error for chance 規(guī)則——用錯(cuò)誤代替變化。
defendant ????????????(辯護(hù)的;被告)←defend(防衛(wèi);辯護(hù))+ant后綴。I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.我不同意你說的話,但我愿誓死捍衛(wèi)你說這話的權(quán)力。←這是18世紀(jì)法國啟蒙運(yùn)動領(lǐng)袖伏爾泰(Voltaire)的名言。
recommendation ?????????????????(推薦)即re+commend+ation,re-反復(fù),commend稱贊,-ation名詞后綴,聯(lián)想記憶:考研輔導(dǎo)班上某名師反復(fù)(re)稱贊(commend)某本輔導(dǎo)書,這一定是不懷好意的“推薦”(recommendation)。A good presence is letters of recommendation.良好的儀表就是推薦信。guideline ???????????(指導(dǎo)方針)←guide+line。
tort ??????(民事侵權(quán)行為)與torture(v.n.折磨;拷問)一起記,“折磨拷問別人是一種民事侵權(quán)行為”。bombard ??????????(v.炮轟,攻擊)為象聲詞。
triviality ?????????????(瑣事)←trivial瑣碎的+ity名詞后綴。In important matters, we expose our best sides;in trivial matter, we disclose ourselves as we really are.我們在重要的事件中顯示自己最好的方面,在無關(guān)緊要的小事中露出自己的本來面目。
mention ?????????(v.n.提及)看作men+tion,“提起了男人”。One measure of friendship consists not in the number of things friends can discuss, but in the number of things they need no longer mention.友誼的尺度之一不在于朋友們可以討論的事情的數(shù)量,而在于他們無須再提及的事情的數(shù)量。
oblige ??????????(v.迫使,責(zé)成)。My ideal of a picture is that every part of it should oblige the looker-on who has any real sense for a whole to see the rest.我理想中的畫是這樣的:它的每個(gè)部分都會促使具有任何真正整體感的觀者去看其余的部分。
indifferent ?????????????(冷漠的;不積極的)即in+different,in-否定前綴,different不同,“無論怎樣都感覺不到什么不同”→漠不關(guān)心的。The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them;that's the essence of inhumanity.我們對作為同類的其他人所犯下的最大罪過不是憎恨,而是漠不關(guān)心,那是不近人情的本質(zhì)。The true secret of giving advice is, after you have honestly given it, to be perfectly indifferent whether it is taken or not, and never persist in trying to set people right.提出忠告的真正秘訣在于:誠心誠意地提出之后,就不再關(guān)注它是否被采納,并且決不固執(zhí)己見地要求別人按自己的意見行事。
objective ????????????(客觀的;目標(biāo))去e加-ity即為objectivity(客觀性)。After many years I have reached the firm conclusion that it is impossible for any objective newspaperman to be a friend of a President.許多年之后,我得出了這個(gè)堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論:任何客觀的新聞工作者都不可能成為一個(gè)總統(tǒng)的朋友。objectivity — subjectivity, expressed statistically 客觀性——以統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表達(dá)出來的主觀性。
1999 Passage 2 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
pathway ??????????(小徑;通路)←path+way。
establish ???????????(建立;安置)即e+stabl(e)+ish,e-加強(qiáng)前綴,stable穩(wěn)定,-ish動詞后綴。We must establish the respectability of peace and get rid of the false glamour surrounding war.我們必須確立和平的崇高地位,除去縈繞著戰(zhàn)爭的欺騙性的魔力。
intranet ???????????(內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng))←intra內(nèi)部的+net。
customize ???????????(按客戶要求定制)←custom+ize動詞后綴。There are three means of believing, by inspiration, by reason, and by custom.信仰有三種:神靈感應(yīng)、理性思維,以及從俗。
contempt ???????????(n.蔑視)可看作con+tempt,con-全部,tempt單詞“v.誘惑”,對所有人都進(jìn)行誘惑→這種行為是令人“蔑視”的。Familiarity breeds contempt.熟悉引起輕視。contempt — the weapon of the weak and a defense against one's own despised and unwanted feelings 輕蔑——弱者的武器和抵御自己所蔑視的有害感情的自衛(wèi)手段。
promotion ????????????(促進(jìn);提升)即pro+mot(e)+ion,pro-向前,mote詞根“運(yùn)動”=move,-ion名詞后綴;動詞形式為promote←pro+mote。No true and permanent fame can be founded except in labors which promote the happiness of mankind.真正的、永恒的聲望只能在增進(jìn)人類幸福的勞作中求得。
prospect ???????????(展望;前景)←pro向前+spect看;參spectacle(場面;奇觀),2000年P(guān)assage 5。Prospect is often better than possession.預(yù)期往往勝于擁有。
resort ?????????(求助于;勝地;手段)可看作re+sort,re-反復(fù),sort單詞“分類”,聯(lián)想:某游客對眾多“勝地”無所適從,只能“求助于”導(dǎo)游的反復(fù)(re)分類(sort)。I never resort to a prepared script — anyone who does not have it in his head to do 30 minutes extemporaneous talking is not entitled to be heard.我從不求助于事先準(zhǔn)備的講稿,任何想不出30分鐘即席講話內(nèi)容的人就沒有資格讓人來聽。Home is the resort of love, of joy, of peace, and plenty, where supporting and supported, polished friends and dearest relatives mingle into bliss.家是愛、歡樂、和睦與富足的勝地,養(yǎng)育者與被養(yǎng)育者,優(yōu)雅的友人與最密切的親屬在這里共享天賜之福。
interactivity ?????????????????(交互性)←inter互相+act作用+ivity名詞后綴表“性質(zhì)”;參interaction,1999年P(guān)assage 1。
hospitality ???????????????(好客;款待)看作hospital+ity,“醫(yī)院是好客的”←醫(yī)院為提高效益而唯恐別人不生病。When hospitality becomes an art it loses its very soul.待客殷勤一旦成為技巧,就失去了真正的精髓。
security ?????????????(安全)←secur(e)安全的+ity。Security is the mother of danger and the grandmother of destruction.安全感是危險(xiǎn)的母親、毀滅的祖母。
enterprise ????????????(企業(yè);進(jìn)取心)看作enter+prise,enter進(jìn)入,prise獎賞=prize,“進(jìn)入獎賞”→以“進(jìn)取心”辦“企業(yè)”就會獲得獎賞。There is no resting place for an enterprise in a competitive economy.在競爭的經(jīng)濟(jì)中沒有企業(yè)休息的處所。What recommends commerce to me is its enterprise and bravery.在我看來,商業(yè)的可取之處在于它的進(jìn)取與無畏。enterprise — the hope of our future 事業(yè)——對未來的希望。
1999 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
radical ??????????(根本的;重要的;激進(jìn)的)即radi+cal,radi詞根“根”,-cal形容詞后綴;
副詞為radically ??????????? ←radi+cal+ly。因?yàn)橹参锏摹案背史派錉钆帕校蕆adi作詞根時(shí)亦表“放射”,如:radiate→radi+ate動詞后綴→輻射;radium→radi+um后綴表“元素”→有放射性質(zhì)的元素→鐳;radius→radi+us后綴表“物”→從圓心放射出來的東西→半徑。I never dared be radical when young for fear it would make me conservative when old.我年輕時(shí)從來不敢激進(jìn),因?yàn)楹ε履菚刮夷昀蠒r(shí)保守。radical — ①anyone whose opinion differs from yours ②a person whose left hand does not know what his other left hand is doing 激進(jìn)分子——①任何與你持不同觀點(diǎn)的人 ②一個(gè)他的左手不知道他的另一只左手在干什么的人。
conception ????????????(概念;構(gòu)想)是conceive(v.構(gòu)想)的名詞形式,參perceive(察覺;感知),2002年Text 2;
concept ??????????(概念)。In the last analysis, it is our conception of death which decides our answers to all the questions that life puts to us.歸根結(jié)底,是對死亡的看法決定了我們對生活所提出的一切問題的回答。No theory is as good as experience.No concept is as good as facts.理論不等于實(shí)踐。概念不等于事實(shí)。
forsake ?????????(v.拋棄)可看作for+sake,聯(lián)想:為了(for)什么緣故(sake)而“拋棄”(forsake)我?←因考研而被女友拋棄的周星星說:給個(gè)理由先!To abstain from sin when a man cannot sin is to be forsaken by sin, not forsake it.在無法犯罪時(shí)放棄犯罪是被罪行拋棄,而非拋棄罪行。
betray ?????????(v.背叛;泄露)可看作be+tray,be是,tray盤子,“是已經(jīng)和盤托出了”→泄露(若向敵人“泄露”則為“背叛”)。When we fail our pride supports us, when we succeed, it betrays us.失敗時(shí)自尊支撐著我們,成功時(shí)它使我們露出本來面目。
pessimism ???????????(悲觀;悲觀主義)參pessimistic(悲觀的),2001年P(guān)assage 4。pessimism — ①a luxury a Jew can never allow himself ②the wisdom of the experienced 悲觀——①猶太人決不會允許自己享受的一種奢侈品 ②有經(jīng)驗(yàn)者的智慧。
presumptuous ???????????????(專橫的,自以為是的)看作presumpt(ion)假設(shè)+uous形容詞后綴,“只憑假設(shè)就給人下結(jié)論的”→自以為是的。
acquaintance ?????????????(認(rèn)識;熟人)即ac+quaint+ance,ac-否定前綴,quaint離奇的(俞敏洪說:把quai看作guai,音“怪”),-ance名詞后綴,“不奇怪”→見怪不怪→已經(jīng)認(rèn)識的→熟人。I look upon every day to be lost, in which I do not make a new acquaintance.哪一天不新結(jié)識一個(gè)人,我就把那一天視為虛度。acquaintance — somebody you nod to if he nods first 熟人——如果他先對你點(diǎn)頭,你也會對他點(diǎn)頭的人。
complementary ????????????????(補(bǔ)充的;互補(bǔ)的)←complement(v.n.補(bǔ)充;補(bǔ)足物)+ary形容詞后綴。compliment(v.n.恭維)與complement一字母之差,i像一支燃燒的蠟燭→拿著蠟燭在神靈面前→“恭維”,e想成維生素E→“補(bǔ)充”維生素E。Guilt always hurries towards its complement, punishment;only there does its satisfaction lie.罪行總是匆匆趕向它的補(bǔ)充——懲罰,只有在那里它才能得到滿足。
dubiously ?????????????(可疑地;懷疑地)←dub+ious+ly,dub懷疑=doubt,-ious形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴。
reformatory ??????????????(改革的)←reform改革+atory后綴。To reform a man is a tedious and uncertain labour;hanging the sure work of a minute.改造人是冗長而無把握的工作,絞刑則是舉手之勞。
disguise ??????????(v.n.假裝,偽裝)可看作dis+gui+s+e,dis-否定前綴,gui拼音“鬼”,s復(fù)述詞尾,e小 詞,以蒲松齡《聊齋志異》聯(lián)想:真正的鬼總是要偽裝(disguise)自己,說自己不是(dis)鬼(gui)。Praise undeserved is satire in disguise.溢美之詞是披著偽裝的諷刺。Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.機(jī)會通常偽裝成艱苦的工作,所以大多數(shù)人認(rèn)不出它們。
auxiliary ?????????????(輔助的)即aux+iliary,aux詞根“增加”(同aug,如augment→aug增加+ment后綴→v.增加),-iliary形容詞后綴,“起增加作用的”→輔助的。
highlight ??????????(v.使顯著n.最重要的部分)即high+light,用高(high)強(qiáng)度的光(light)照某物體→使顯著。on behalf of 為??的利益;go to the heart of 涉及??的核心問題。1999 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
startle ?????????(使吃驚)即start+le,start開始,le拼音“了”,監(jiān)考老師說:考試“開始了”,于是同學(xué)們“大吃一驚”。Poetry should be great and unobtrusive, a thing which enters into one's soul, and does not startle it or amaze it with itself, but with its subject.詩歌應(yīng)當(dāng)既不尋常又不唐突,它深入人心不是以其本身,而是以其主題使心靈震動或驚奇。
husbandry ????????????(n.耕作;飼養(yǎng))看作husband+(d)ry,讓丈夫(husband)口干舌燥(dry)的事→耕作;飼養(yǎng)。
feverishly ?????????????(激動地,狂熱地)←fever+ish+ly。
indefinitely ??????????????(不確定地)即in+de+fin+ite+ly,in-否定前綴,de-向下,fin詞根“界限”,-ite形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴,“不能下定界限地”→不確定地。definite(明確的)←de+fin+ite。參define(下定義;限定),2002年Text 4。Liberty does not consist in mere declarations of the rights of man.It consists in the translation of those declarations into definite actions.自由并不僅僅是人權(quán)宣言,自由在于使這些宣言化為明確的行動。
restriction ?????????????(限制,約束)即re+strict+ion,re-一再,strict單詞“嚴(yán)厲的”,-ion名詞后綴,“一再嚴(yán)厲的事”→約束;動詞形式為:restrict←re+strict。Read your job description but never be restricted by it.讀工作任務(wù)條例但不可受其限制。
molecular ?????????????(分子的)即mole+cul(e)+ar,mole單詞“痣”,-cule后綴表示“小”,-ar形容詞后綴,于是“像小痣一樣的”→分子。分類記憶:molecule分子;atom原子;neutron中子;proton質(zhì)子;nucleus原子核;ion離子。If the molecules in one drop of water could be converted into grains of sand, there would be enough sand to build a concrete highway, half a mile wide and one foot thick, from New York to San Francisco.假如一滴水里的分子可以變?yōu)樯沉#纬傻纳匙泳妥阋越ㄔ煲粭l半英里寬、一英尺厚的混凝土公路,從紐約直到舊金山。
legislation ????????????????(立法;法規(guī))看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion,leg詞根“法律”(參allegation宣稱,2003年Text 2),is是,late遲的,-ion名詞后綴,“法律是遲的”→舊法律難以適應(yīng)新事物→所以要不斷“立法”→“立法”之產(chǎn)物即“法規(guī)”。Inflation is the one form of taxation that can be imposed without legislation.通貨膨脹就是那種無須立法便可實(shí)施的征稅方式。
consensus ????????????(意見一致)即con+sens(e)+us,con-一起,sense感覺,-us名詞后綴,“共同的感覺”→意見一致。consensus — ①the security blanket of the insecure ②the negation of leadership 多數(shù)人的意見——①不安全的安全覆蓋物 ②領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的對立面。
nuclear ???????????(核的,原子核的)即nuc+le+ar,nuc=nut堅(jiān)果,-le后綴表示“小”,-ar形容詞后綴,“像小堅(jiān)果一樣的”→原子核的。nucleus(核心,原子核)←nuc+le+us名詞后綴,復(fù)述形式為nuclei ???????????? 或nucleuses。Pro football is like nuclear warfare.There are no winners, only survivors.職業(yè)足球有如核戰(zhàn)爭,其中沒有贏家,只有幸存者。
embryo ??????????(胚胎;胚胎的)即em+bryo,em-“使”,bryo詞根“膨脹的”(聯(lián)想bra),“正蓬勃生長的”→胚胎。
impose ?????????(v.強(qiáng)加;征稅)即im+pose,im-加強(qiáng)前綴,pose詞根“放”,“強(qiáng)制性地放”→強(qiáng)加→引申為:征稅。When one has had to work so hard to get money, why should he impose on himself the further hardship of trying to save it?已經(jīng)是為了賺錢而不得不如此辛苦地工作,為什么還要把極力省錢這種更苦的事強(qiáng)加給自己呢? ethical ?????????(倫理的,合乎道德的)←eth+ical,eth詞根“道德”,-ical后綴;ethics(倫理,倫理學(xué))←eth+ics后綴表“學(xué)科”←研究道德的學(xué)問。ethics — aesthetics from within 倫理學(xué)——出自內(nèi)心的美學(xué)。
explicitly ??????????????(明晰地;坦率地)即ex+plic+it+ly,ex-(=out of),plic詞根“折疊”,-it形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴,“沒有折疊地”→完全顯露地→清楚地。參complicated(復(fù)雜的;難解的),2002年Text 2。
panel of experts 專家小組;up in the air 懸而未決。1999 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
supposedly ?????????????(大概;據(jù)推測)即suppose+(e)d+ly,suppose(猜想;假設(shè)),-ed形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴。My own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.我個(gè)人隱約覺得,宇宙之奇異不僅超過我們所料想的,更超過我們所能夠料想的。We can not suppose that some men have a right to be in this world, and others no right.我們無法假定一些人有權(quán)力活在世上而另一些人沒有。
particularly ??????????????(特別地;顯著地)即particul+ar+ly,particul(=particle)微粒,-ar形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴,“連細(xì)微處的性質(zhì)都具備地”→特別地;形容詞形式為particular←particul+ar。Particulars are not to be examined till the whole has been surveyed.在概括地考察整體之前先不要探究細(xì)節(jié)。In heaven an angel is nobody in particular.在天堂里天使不是什么特別的人物。
substitute ??????????????(v.替代n.替代物)即sub+stitute,sub-“在下”,stitute詞根“放置”,于是“在下面放置的”→“準(zhǔn)備用作替換的”→替代或替代物。參constitutional,2002年Text 4。There is no substitute for hard work.任何東西都代替不了勤奮工作。Democracy substitutes election by the incompetent many for appointment by the corrupt few.民主政治以無能的多數(shù)進(jìn)行的選擇代替腐敗的少數(shù)作出的委任。
imaginative ??????????????(富想象力的)即imagin(e)+ative,imagine(v.想象),-ative“多??的”。Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.一個(gè)人能夠想象出的任何東西都會有別人把它變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。
conference ????????????(會議)即con+fer+ence,con-一起,fer詞根“拿來”=bring,-ence名詞后綴,“把意見拿到一起來討論”→會議。A conference is a gathering of important people who singly can do nothing, but together can decide that nothing can be done.會議就是重要人物的聚會,他們獨(dú)自干不了什么事,但是在一起能決議什么事也干不了。conference — just an admission that you want somebody to join you in your troubles 會議——僅僅是一種加入權(quán),即你遇到麻煩時(shí),想要別人加入進(jìn)來與你分擔(dān)。
budget ?????????(v.n.預(yù)算)看作bud+get。The only good budget is a balanced budget.只有平衡的預(yù)算才是好的預(yù)算。budget — just another name for a family quarrel 預(yù)算——家庭糾紛的代名詞而已。
worthwhile ???????????????(值得的)←worth+while。Love doesn't make the world go round.Love is what makes the ride worthwhile.愛情并不推動世界,它只是使人生值得。
speculate ??????????????(推測;投機(jī))即specul+ate,specul詞根“看”=spect,-ate動詞后綴,聯(lián)想:考研閱讀題每個(gè)都不會做,對四個(gè)選項(xiàng)“看”來“看”去,希望看(推測)出答案,未果,最后只能看天由命(投機(jī))了,于是悄悄拿出兩枚硬幣??There are two times in a man's life when he should not speculate;when he can't afford it and when he can.人的一生中有兩個(gè)時(shí)候不應(yīng)投機(jī):投機(jī)不起的時(shí)候和投機(jī)得起的時(shí)候。
victim ?????????(受害者,犧牲品)。Men who do not make advances to women are apt to become victims to women who make advances to them.不追逐女人的男人容易成為追逐他們的女人的犧牲品。
consistently ???????????????(始終如一地)即con+sist+ent+ly,con-一直,sist詞根“站”,-ent形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴,“一直站在那里地”→始終如一地;形容詞形式為consistent←con+sist+ent;名詞形式為consistency←con+sist+ency名詞后綴。Consistency is contrary to nature, contrary to life.The only completely consistent people are the dead.一成不變違反自然、違反生命,能夠做到完全始終如一的只有死人。consistency — ①what requires you to be as ignorant today as you were a year ago ②the last refuge of the imaginative 前后一致——①要求你今天像一年前一樣無知 ②富有想象力的人的最后避難所。
convince???????????(使信服)。The best way to convince a fool that he is wrong is to let him have his own way.使愚人認(rèn)識錯(cuò)誤的最好辦法,是讓他走自己的路。
faithfully ???????????(忠實(shí)地;守信地)←faithful+ly。Books are those faithful mirrors that reflect to our minds thoughts of sages and heroes.書籍是忠實(shí)的鏡子,把圣賢英杰的思想反映到我們的頭腦中。faithful woman — a woman who doesn't want two men to suffer as the same time 忠實(shí)的女人——不愿讓兩個(gè)男人同時(shí)受折磨的女人。
auditor ?????????(審計(jì)員)用熟詞editor(編者)記:auditor與editor的工作都是審查,但auditor審查的是錢,故以au開頭←金的化學(xué)符號即Au。
distract ???????????(v.分散;擾亂)即dis+tract,dis-(=away),tract詞根“拉”,“把注意力拉出去”→分散注意力。The reason why we are so pleased to find out other people's secrets is that it distracts public attention from our own.我們所以如此樂于發(fā)現(xiàn)別人的秘密,是由于它能分散大家對我們自身秘密的注意。
register ???????????(注冊;自動計(jì)數(shù)器)。History, which is, indeed, little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind.歷史實(shí)在不過是人類的罪行、蠢事與不幸的記錄。
conformity ?????????????(遵守;順從)←conform+ity名詞后綴。conformity — the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth 順從——自由的獄卒,成長的大敵。
inquire ??????????(v.調(diào)查;詢問)=enquire。Luck stops at the door and inquires whether prudence is within.好運(yùn)在節(jié)儉的門前止步,問訊它是否在家。
neglect ??????????(v.n.忽視;忽略)即neg+lect,neg-否定前綴(如negative→neg+ative形容詞后綴→否定的;負(fù)的),lect詞根“選擇”(如elect→e+lect→v.選舉,e-前綴=ex-)。Paying attention to simple little things that most men neglect makes a few men rich.注意多數(shù)人忽視的簡單小事使少數(shù)人致富。A little neglect may breed mischief,...for want of a nail the shoe was lost;for want of a shoe the horse was lost;and for want of a horse the rider was lost.微小的疏忽可能釀成禍害,??缺一根釘子就會掉一塊蹄鐵,掉一塊蹄鐵就會失去一匹馬,失去一匹馬就會失去一名騎手。
profitable ????????????(有益的,有利可圖的)即profit+able,profit(v.n.收益;利潤),-able可??的。Genuine ignorance is… profitable because it is likely to be accompanied by humility, curiosity, and open-mindedness.真正的無知??不無益處,因?yàn)樗芸赡馨橛兄t虛、好奇、及思想開放。That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.使人懷著期待打開、帶著收益合上的書就是好書。Great men are those who profit the most from the fewest mistakes.偉人是由最少的錯(cuò)誤獲得最多益處的人。
underestimate ?????????????????(v.n.低估)←under+estimate估計(jì);反義詞為overestimate→over+estimate→高估。Never underestimate a man who overestimates himself.切勿低估一個(gè)過高估計(jì)他自己的人。
[推薦]2003年考研英語閱讀真題重點(diǎn)單詞記憶2003 Text 1
spymaster ?????????????? 即spy+master,間諜大王、間諜組織首腦。
strategic ??????????????(戰(zhàn)略的;對全局起關(guān)鍵作用的)為strategy(戰(zhàn)略,策略)的形容詞形式,-ic為形容詞后綴。strategy and tactics 戰(zhàn)略與戰(zhàn)術(shù);a global strategy 全球戰(zhàn)略。
lay the roots for 扎根于。
fascinate ???????????(使著迷,強(qiáng)烈地吸引),去e加名詞后綴-ion即為fascination(入迷;誘惑力),去e加形容詞后綴-ing即為fascinating(迷人的),另可記fascism(法西斯主義),fascist(法西斯主義的;法西斯主義者)。He was fascinated with her beauty.他被她的美貌迷住了。
espionage ????????????????????????(間諜活動)即esp(i)+ion+age,espi即espy(窺探←e-=ex-出來+spy窺探),-ion與-age皆名詞后綴,表“活動”。
revolution ??????????????(革命;旋轉(zhuǎn))是revolve(使旋轉(zhuǎn))的名詞形式,“旋轉(zhuǎn)”入“革命”的漩渦。revolve即re+volve,re-反復(fù),volve詞根“卷”,于是“反復(fù)卷”→旋轉(zhuǎn)。
give birth to 分娩;產(chǎn)生;造成。
spook ???????(幽靈;間諜)可看作sp(y)+o(o)+ok→“幽靈”級的“間諜”窺探(spy)只用兩只眼睛(oo)就ok了。
intelligence ??????????????(智力;情報(bào))即intel+lig+ence,intel-即inter-(前綴,意為“在??之間”=between,因后接l,故r變形為l),lig詞根意為“選擇”=lect(i與e元音可替換,ct=G←G就是由一個(gè)大C與一個(gè)小T組成的),-ence名詞后綴,故“從中挑選出所需之物的能力”→智力;“從中挑選出來的東西”→情報(bào)。intelligent(聰明的)←intel+lig+ent形容詞后綴;intelligible(可理解的,易懂的)←intel+lig+ible形容詞后綴。
influential ??????????????(有影響的;有權(quán)勢的)即in+flu+ential,in-前綴意為“到里面”=into,flu詞根意為“流”=flow(flu作單詞時(shí)意為“流感”,即“流行性感冒”),-ential形容詞后綴,故“能流到心里面
的”→有影響的。名詞與動詞形式都是influence←in+flu+ence后綴。That man is admired above all men, who is not influenced by money.不為金錢所動的人是最受崇敬的。
compile ??????????(編輯;搜集)即com+pile,com-前綴“一起”,pile堆,故“把文字堆在一起”→編輯;“把資料堆在一起”→搜集。compiler(編輯)←compil(e)+er表“人”;compilation(編纂)←compil(e)+ation名詞后綴表“行為”。
splash ???????(n.v.濺)為擬聲詞。make a splash 炫耀財(cái)富。
prediction ????????????(預(yù)言,預(yù)測)即pre+dict+ion,pre-前綴表“在前”,dict詞根意為“說”,-ion名詞后綴,故“在事情發(fā)生前就說的”→預(yù)言,動詞為predict←pre+dict。
available ???????????(可用的,可得到的)。
mutually ????????????????????????(相互地)可看作mut(e)+ual+ly,mute(啞的),-ual形容詞后綴,-ly副詞后綴,啞巴之間說話只能靠“相互地”交換手勢,形容詞為mutual(相互的)。The proper basis for marriage is a mutual misunderstandings.婚姻固有的基礎(chǔ)是相互誤解。
reinforce ?????????????(增援,加強(qiáng))即re+inforce,re-前綴“再”=again,inforce即enforce(加強(qiáng)),故“再次加強(qiáng)”→加強(qiáng)。reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土。
distribution ?????????????????(分發(fā))即dis+tribut+ion,dis-前綴“分離”=apart,tribut詞根“給”,-ion名詞后綴,故“給出去”→分發(fā)。Of great riches there is no real use, except it be in the distribution.巨大的財(cái)富除了散布,沒有真正的用途。
dramatic ???????????(戲劇性的;引人注目的;劇烈的)即drama+tic,drama戲劇、劇本,-tic形容詞后綴,表“具??性質(zhì)”。Has anyone ever seen a dramatic critic in the daytime? Of course not.They come out after dark, up to no good.有誰在白天見過戲劇批評家嗎?當(dāng)然沒有。他們天黑才露面,不做什么好事情。
take pride in 以??為驕傲。
emergence ????????????(顯現(xiàn))為emerge的名詞形式,emerge即e+merge,e-=ex-,表“出來”,merge意為“結(jié)合,兼并”,故“從兼并狀態(tài)中出來”→顯現(xiàn)。emergency(緊急情況,突然事件)←e+merg(e)+ency名詞后綴。Truth emerges more readily from error than from confusion.在錯(cuò)誤中比在混亂中更容易出真理。Coward is one who in a perilous emergency thinks with his legs.懦夫就是在危急時(shí)刻用兩條腿思考的人。
revive ?????????(v.恢復(fù);復(fù)蘇)即re+vive,re-前綴“回”,vive詞根“活的”,故“回到活的狀態(tài)”→復(fù)蘇。Any great work of art is great because it creates a special world of its own.It revives and readapts time and space.任何偉大的藝術(shù)品之所以偉大,是由于它創(chuàng)造了自己特有的世界。它再現(xiàn)并重新改寫了時(shí)空。
nonconformist ????????????????(不合傳統(tǒng)規(guī)范的;不合傳統(tǒng)規(guī)范的人)即non-(前綴,“不”)+conform(遵守)+ist(“??的”或“??的人”)。
2003 Text 2重點(diǎn)詞匯:
paraphrase ????????????(n.v.釋意)即para+phrase,para-前綴表“在旁邊、輔助”,phrase即“短語;用短語表達(dá)”,故“用短語輔助表達(dá)”→釋意。以para-為前綴的單詞還有paragraph(文章的段、節(jié);短評)←para+graph寫;parameter(參數(shù))←para+meter計(jì)量;parasite(寄生蟲)←para+site地點(diǎn)。
biomedical ????????????????(生物醫(yī)學(xué)的)←bio生物+medic醫(yī)療+al形容詞后綴。
respond ??????????(v.回復(fù);響應(yīng))即re+spond,re-(=back),spond詞根“請求”,于是“回復(fù)請求”→響應(yīng)。One of the few experiences which never pall is the experience for watching one's own interests, responds to new stimuli, and develops new thoughts.令人永不生厭的不多的幾種體驗(yàn)之一,是觀察自己的頭腦,看它是如何產(chǎn)生新的興趣、對新的刺激作出反應(yīng)及發(fā)展新的思想。
advocate???????????(v.提倡n.倡議者;辯護(hù)人)即ad+voc+ate,ad-前綴表“加強(qiáng)”,voc詞根意為“聲音”(即voice,因?yàn)樵艨扇我庠鰷p替換),-ate為動詞后綴(作名詞后綴時(shí)表“人”)。
argument ????????????(辯論;論據(jù),論點(diǎn))為argue(v.辯論;主張)的名詞形式。argument — the longest distance between two points of view 爭論——兩種觀點(diǎn)之間的最遠(yuǎn)距離。Truth is always the strongest argument.事實(shí)永遠(yuǎn)是最強(qiáng)有力的論據(jù)。Never argue at the dinner table, for the one who is not hungry always gets the best of the argument.絕不要在餐桌上爭論,因?yàn)槎亲硬火I的人總是占上風(fēng)。
allegation ?????????????(宣稱)即al+leg+ation,al-前綴表“加強(qiáng)”,leg詞根意為“說”(如legend→leg
說+end名詞后綴表“物”→人們都在說的東西→傳奇),-ation名詞后綴。allege為其動詞形式。
perplex ??????????(使困惑,使復(fù)雜化)即per+plex,per-前綴表“完全”,plex詞根意為“重疊”,故“完全重疊在一起分不清了”→困惑。同根詞為complex→com一起+plex→重疊在一起的→復(fù)雜的;綜合的;聯(lián)合體。
brochure ???????????(小冊子)源自法語,詞形與brother相似→兄弟們每人手里拿著本小冊子。immunization ??????????????????(免疫作用)←immune(免疫的;免除的),immunity(免疫;免除),immunize(使免疫;使免除)。Immune←im+mun+e,im-=in-表“否定”(因后接字母m,故in-變形為im-),mun(本為詞根,此不論)可分解為mu+n←讀作“母牛”←最初為防天花而施行的最有效的免疫法即是在奶牛身上試驗(yàn)出來的,故謂之“種牛痘”。
vaccine ??????????(疫苗)即vacc(a)+ine,vacca是拉丁文“牛”(開頭兩字母V和A表帶角牛頭),-ine后綴多用于醫(yī)藥名詞(如medicine),該詞是當(dāng)初科學(xué)家發(fā)表“牛痘”論文時(shí)創(chuàng)造的。
vaccination ???????????????(接種疫苗)←vaccin(e)+ation名詞后綴。vaccine — a microbe with its face washed 疫苗——洗過臉的微生物。
epidemic ????????????(流行的;流行病)與academic形似→學(xué)術(shù)思潮像流行病一樣流行。
deceptive ???????????(欺騙的,蒙蔽的)→deceive(v.欺騙,蒙蔽)→deception(n.欺騙,蒙蔽),類似單詞有receptive(善接受的)→receive(v.接收;招待)→reception(接收;招待;招待會)。deceptions — the oil to the wheels of life 欺騙——生活車輪的潤滑油。
ultimate ??????????(最終的;根本的),馬丁?路德?金(Martin Luther King)說:The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.衡量一個(gè)人的最終尺度,不是看他在舒適順利的時(shí)候站在哪里,而是看他在受到非難和爭議的時(shí)候站在哪里。
recruit ??????????(v.征兵;招募n.新兵;新成員)即re+cruit,re-前綴表“反復(fù)”,cruit詞根意為“創(chuàng)造”(=create,因?yàn)樵糇帜缚稍鰷p替換),玩星際(zerg,哈哈)的時(shí)候不就要拼命“反復(fù)、一再”地create兵嗎?
vicious ????????(邪惡的,惡毒的)即vic(e)+ious,vice即名詞“邪惡”,-ious為形容詞后綴。The more virtuous any man is, the less easily does he suspect others to be vicious.任何人越高尚,就越不容易疑心別人邪惡。
ignorance ???????????(無知;不知道)即ig+nor(e)+ance,ig-否定前綴,nor詞根表“知道”=know,-ance名詞后綴。ignorant(無知的);ignore(v.忽視)。Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge.不是無知,而是對無知的無知,才是知識的死亡。ignorance — when you don't know something and somebody finds it out 無知——你不知道某事而又被人發(fā)現(xiàn)了。The more you study, the more you'll find yourself ignorant.越學(xué)習(xí)越會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無知。ignorant person — is one who doesn't know what you have just found out 無知的人——不知道你剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)的事情的人。
extinguish ?????????????(v.熄滅,滅絕)→extinct(a.熄滅的,滅絕的),類似的有distinguish(v.區(qū)別,辨別)→distinct(獨(dú)特的,明顯的)。Absence is to love what wind is to fire;it extinguishes the small, it inflames the great.離別之于愛情有如風(fēng)之于火,它熄滅小火,卻使大火燃燒更旺。
bypass ?????????? 心臟搭橋;
ember ??????? 灰燼(但火焰尚未完全熄滅),多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2003 Text 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
merge????????(v.合并)比emerge(v.出現(xiàn);形成)少首字母e,merger ?????????(n.合并)←merge+r名詞后綴。
monopoly ???????????(n.壟斷;專利權(quán))即mono+poly,mono-前綴“單獨(dú)的”,poly(詞根=sell)可看作play,于是“一個(gè)人玩”→壟斷。動詞為monopolize←mono+pol(y)+ize動詞后綴。含前綴mono-的單詞另如:monotonous(單調(diào)的)←mono+ton調(diào)+ous形容詞后綴;monoxide(一氧化物)←mon(o)+ox氧+ide化合物;monocracy(獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治)←mono+cracy統(tǒng)治。Liberty and monopoly cannot live together.自由與壟斷不能并存。monopoly — business at the end of its journey 壟斷——窮途末路的商業(yè)。
substantial ?????????????(實(shí)質(zhì)的;堅(jiān)固的;富裕的)←sub在下面+st(=stand)+antial形容詞后綴。名詞為
substance(物質(zhì);實(shí)質(zhì);財(cái)產(chǎn))←sub+st+ance。Every person born in the USA is endowed with life, liberty and a substantial share of the national debt.生在美國的每個(gè)人都被賦予生命、自由和國債的大量份額。
reduction ???????????(減少)←re(=back)+duc引導(dǎo)+tion名詞后綴;
reduce ??????????(v.減少;還原)←re+duce。同根詞:deduce(v.演繹)←de(=away)+duce;deduction(演繹;推論)←de+duc+tion。The tendency of modern science is to reduce proof to absurdity by continually reducing absurdity to proof.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的趨勢,是以不斷地把謬論化為證明來使證明淪為謬論。reducing diet — the taming of the chew 節(jié)食——馴服咀嚼。
coordinate ?????????????(使協(xié)調(diào);同等的;坐標(biāo)的;坐標(biāo))即co+ordin+ate,co-前綴=together,ordin詞根意為“in order”,-ate后綴,于是“按次序擺在一起”→使協(xié)調(diào);“按次序擺在一起的”→同等的。coordination(協(xié)調(diào);同等)←co+ordin+ation名詞后綴;
coordinator ???????????????(協(xié)調(diào)者;同等的人或物)←co+ordin+at(e)+or人或物。fierce ??????(激烈的;兇猛的)The fiercest agonies have shortest reign.最強(qiáng)烈的痛苦持續(xù)時(shí)間最短。
compete ??????????(v.競爭;競賽)即com+pet+e,com-前綴“一起”,pet(本為詞根,此不論)寵物,“在一起爭寵”;
competition ?????????????(競爭;競賽)←com+pet+ition名詞后綴;
competitor ????????????(競爭者)←com+pet+itor后綴表“人”。Art is the unceasing effort to compete with the beauty of flowers — and never succeeding.藝術(shù)就是與鮮花之美競爭的不斷努力——而且從未成功。The biggest things are always the easiest to do because there is no competition.最大的事總是最容易做的事,因?yàn)椴淮嬖诟偁帯?/p>
shipper ??????? 托運(yùn)者,貨主。
consolidation ?????????????????(鞏固,加強(qiáng))←con(=together)+solid堅(jiān)固+ation名詞后綴,動詞為consolidate←con+solid+ate。
captive ?????????(a.被俘虜?shù)膎.俘虜)←capt抓+ive后綴。You're not free until you've been made captive by supreme belief.在被至上的信仰俘獲之前,你不是自由的。
discrimination ??????????????????(辨別;歧視)即dis分離+crimin+ation名詞后綴,crimin可看作criminal(罪犯)→要把罪犯“辨別”開來,但不可“歧視”;動詞為discriminate←dis+crimin+ate。discriminate between 區(qū)分,辨別;discriminate against 歧視,不一樣對待。
switching ??????????(n.開關(guān);轉(zhuǎn)換)←switch+ing,switch(v.n.開關(guān);轉(zhuǎn)換),-ing后綴。When the man you like switches from what he said a year ago, or four years ago, he is a broadminded person who has courage enough to change his mind with changing conditions.When a man you don't like does it, he is a liar who has broken his promises.當(dāng)你喜歡的人改變一年前或四年前的說法時(shí),他是個(gè)有足夠勇氣隨時(shí)修正意見的坦蕩的人;當(dāng)你不喜歡的人這么做,他就是個(gè)食言的騙子。
subscribe ????????????(v.訂購;捐助;簽署;贊成)即sub在下面+scribe寫→“在下面寫上自己的名字”,名詞為subscription;同根詞describe(v.描述)即de向下+scribe寫→“寫下來”,名詞為description。subscriber — someone who wants to read the same every morning, but on freshly printed paper 捐款者——每天早上都想讀到同一內(nèi)容的人,但要在新印的報(bào)紙上。
flourish ?????????(v.繁榮)即flour+ish動詞后綴,flour為詞根=flower,也可看作單詞“面粉”→“使像面粉一樣撒得到處都是”→繁榮。The sciences are of sociable disposition, and fourish best in the neighborhood of each other.各門科學(xué)性喜交際,因而在相鄰地帶最為繁榮。
arbiter ?????????(仲裁者,權(quán)威人士)可參arbitrary(任意的,專斷的)記憶,動詞為arbitrate(仲裁)。fortune ??????????(運(yùn)氣;財(cái)富)可看作for+tune,爭取“運(yùn)氣”與“財(cái)富”是為了(for)生活的和諧(tune)。Every man is the artisan of his own fortune.每個(gè)人都是制造其自身命運(yùn)的工匠。Honesty is incompatible with amassing a large fortune.誠實(shí)與積聚大量財(cái)產(chǎn)是不相容的。
invest ?????????(v.投資)←in+vest,in在里面,vest看作單詞“馬甲”,“投資大量金錢生產(chǎn)馬甲”。It is very much easier for a rich man to invest and grow richer than for the poor man to begin investing at all.富人投資并變得更加富有,要比窮人能夠開始投資容易得多。
attitude ???????????(態(tài)度;看法;姿勢)與latitude(緯度)一起記:因?yàn)椤皯B(tài)度”的“態(tài)”拼音聲母為t,35 故attitude雙寫t;因?yàn)椤熬暥取笔菢?biāo)示在一根根與赤道平行的拉(la)長的緯線上的,故latitude以la開頭。Civilization is a method of living, an attitude of equal respect for all men.文明是一種生活方法,一種對所有的人同樣尊重的態(tài)度。
apprehensive ??????????????(有理解力的;憂慮的)←ap(=to)+prehen抓+sive形容詞后綴,名詞為apprehension(理解;憂慮)←ap+prehen+sion;同根詞:comprehensive(能理解的;廣泛的)、comprehension(理解;包含)。
2003 Text 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
inevitable ????????????(不可避免的;必然的)←in+evitable,in-否定前綴,evitable=avoidable可避免的。Change is inevitable.In a progressive country change is constant.變革不可避免,在進(jìn)步的國家里變革是永恒的。the inevitable of history 歷史必由之路。
life expectancy 預(yù)期壽命。
depression ???????????(消沉;蕭條)←de向下+press壓+ion名詞后綴,動詞為depress(壓抑;使沮喪)。Noble deeds and hot baths are the best cures for depression.高尚的行為和熱水澡是治療抑郁的最佳方法。It's recession when your neighbor loses his job;it's a depression when you lose yours.鄰居失業(yè)的時(shí)候就是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,自己失業(yè)的時(shí)候就是經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條。
cataract ???????????(大瀑布;白內(nèi)障)可看作cat+ar+act,cat貓,ar啊~~,act動作,“貓啊一聲從‘大瀑布’里跳出來摔成了‘白內(nèi)障’”,白內(nèi)障的主要癥狀就是自覺眼睛前面有條瀑布而視物不清。
surgical ????????????(外科的;外科醫(yī)生的;手術(shù)的;手術(shù);外科病房)←surg+ical;surgery(外科;外科學(xué);手術(shù);手術(shù)室)←surg+ery;
surgeon ??????????(外科醫(yī)生;軍醫(yī))←surg+eon。
genetically ??????????????(由遺傳決定地)←gene基因+tical形容詞后綴+ly副詞后綴。
disintegrate ???????????????(使分裂;使解體)←dis使分離+integrate,integrate(使成為一體)←integr完整+ate動詞后綴;integer(整數(shù);完整的東西);integrity(完整;誠實(shí);正直)。
perish ????????(喪生;凋謝;消亡)←per(=away)+ish動詞后綴。The great tragedy of life is not that men perish but that they cease to love.人生的巨大悲劇不是人們死亡,而是他們不再去愛。
obvious ?????????(顯而易見的)可把b看作6,再把vi看作羅馬數(shù)字6,兩邊的兩個(gè)o看作兩只眼睛,-ous為形容詞后綴,因?yàn)?=6,所以b=vi,這是“顯而易見的”。No question is so difficult to answer as that to which the answer is obvious.最難回答的問題是答案明顯的問題。
aggressive ??????????(侵略的;好斗的;有進(jìn)取心的)←ag(=to)+gress走+ive形容詞后綴。War is an aggressive action of man to man independent of his own will.戰(zhàn)爭是人對人的侵略行為,不為其自身意志左右。
unsustainable ????????????????(不能持續(xù)的)即un+sustain+able,un-前綴表否定,sustain /????????/(支撐;保持)←sus(=sub)在下面+tain(=hold)。同根詞:contain(包含)←con一起+tain;retain(保留)←re再+tain。sustainable development 可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
reverse ?????????(顛倒的;使倒轉(zhuǎn);背面)←re(=back)+verse(=turn)。The historian is a prophet in reverse.史學(xué)家是顛倒的預(yù)言家。
infirm ?????????(虛弱的;不堅(jiān)固的)←in否定前綴+firm堅(jiān)固的。
potential ?????????????(潛在的;潛力)可看作pot+ent+ial,pot即“罐子”,-ent與-ial是后綴,“暫時(shí)藏在罐子里面的東東”→潛在的、潛力。Most of us haven't begun to tap our own potential for happiness.我們大多數(shù)人尚未著手開發(fā)自身獲得幸福的潛力。
routinely ????????????(例行公事地)←routine+ly,routine可看作由route與in組成→“按路線走的”→常規(guī)的;慣例。Man's usual routine is to work and to dream.人的日常行為就是工作與夢想。
humble ????????(卑賤的;謙卑的v.貶抑)A humble man argues for his fault, while a brave man makes his faults known to all.卑微的人為自己的過失辯解,勇敢的人則把自己的過失公之于眾。
pursuit ??????????(追求;職業(yè))←pursu(e)+it名詞后綴;動詞為pursue(追求;從事)。Love is strongest in pursuit;friendship in possession.愛情在追求的時(shí)候最熱烈,友情是在擁有的時(shí)候。
therapy ?????????(治療;理療)可看作the+rap輕敲+y名詞后綴←“一種輕輕叩擊的方法”。
fatal ????????(致命的,毀滅性的)←fat(e)命運(yùn)+al。It is most important in this world to be pushing, but it is fatal to seem so.世間最重要的是有進(jìn)取心,但徒有其表是致命的。
extravagantly ?????????????????(奢侈地)←extra(=ex)加強(qiáng)語氣+vag大+ant形容詞后綴+ly;extravagant(奢侈的)←extra+vag+ant;extravagance(奢侈)←extra+vag+ance。Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)是一切花費(fèi)中最奢侈、最昂貴的一種。extravagance — anything you buy that is of no earthly use to your wife 奢侈——你所買的對妻子毫無用處的任何東西。
1994 Passage 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
market-oriented(以市場為導(dǎo)向的)←market市場+orient定位+ed形容詞后綴。
permit ??????????/(v.許可;許可證)即per+mit,per-(=through),mit詞根“傳送”,故“允許傳送過去”→許可。同根詞:admit(v.讓??進(jìn)入;承認(rèn))←ad(=to)+mit;emit(v.散發(fā),發(fā)射)←e(=ex)+mit;transmit(v.傳播;傳導(dǎo))←trans(=through)+mit。Liberty is the right to do whatever the laws permit.自由就是做法律允許的任何事的權(quán)利。
embrace ?????????/(v.擁抱;包含)即em+brace,em-(=in),brace詞根“手臂”,故“使在手臂里”→擁抱→引申為“包含”。brace作單詞意為“v.支撐n.支柱”←諧音“不累死”,因?yàn)槔鬯谰椭尾蛔×恕reated by life, in definite circumstances, to act on definite things, how can it embrace life, of which it is merely an emanation or aspect?由生命創(chuàng)造,處于一定情況下,作用于一定事物,它(←指科學(xué))只是生命的一種釋放或一個(gè)方面,怎么能包括生命?
coupled with 與??相結(jié)合;bid up 哄抬物價(jià);gain control over 獲得對??的控制。1994 Passage 2 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
deposit ?????????/(v.n.存放;儲蓄;沉淀)即de+pos+it,de-向下,pos詞根“放”,it后綴,“放下它”。The mark of the historic is the nonchalance with which it picks up an individual and deposits him in a trend, like a house playfully moved in a tornado.歷史性事件的標(biāo)志是冷漠,它拈起一個(gè)人置于某種趨勢中,使之像龍卷風(fēng)里的房子那樣兒戲般地翻滾。
horizon ?????????/(地平線;眼界)。The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart.生活的地平線主要由心胸的擴(kuò)大而拓展。
convenient ?????????????/(便利的)←con+veni+ent形容詞后綴。What a convenient and delightful world is this world of books.書籍的世界是多么便利而令人愉快啊!
processor ??????????/(制造者;處理器)←process處理+or;microprocessor(微處理器)←micro+processor。1994 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
denote ????????????(v.表示)即de+note,de-向下,note記錄,“記錄下來”→表示。Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.明智指的是以最好的方法追求最好的結(jié)果。1994 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
infection ???????????(傳染;感染)即in+fect+ion,in-在內(nèi),fect詞根“做”,-ion名詞后綴,“在里面起作用”→感染;動詞形式為infect←in+fect。參effective(有效的),2002年Text 1。Grief, like pleasure, infects the atmosphere.A first glance into any home is enough to tell you whether love or despair reigns there.憂傷與快樂一樣,感染著氣氛。無論哪一家,只要看上一眼,就足以得知主宰那里的是愛還是絕望。
pancreas ???????????(胰腺)看作pan+cr+eas,pan盤,cr看作crack,eas看作復(fù)數(shù)形式(es),“許多盤破裂的胰腺”。
oncogene ?????????????(致癌基因)←onco+gene,onco詞根“腫瘤”,gene基因。
dormant ??????????(靜止的;休眠的)即dorm+ant,dorm詞根“睡覺”,-ant形容詞后綴,“像睡覺那樣的”→休眠的。同根詞:dormitory→dorm+itory后綴表“地方”→睡覺的地方→(集體)宿舍。
oncologist ??????????????(腫瘤學(xué)家)←onco+logist,onco詞根“腫瘤”,-logist后綴“??學(xué)家”。ever-present 經(jīng)常存在的。1994 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)詞匯: mold ??????/ 霉菌。
antibacterial ?????????????????/(抗菌的;抗菌藥)即anti+bacteria+(a)l,anti-前綴“抗”,bacteria細(xì)菌,-al后綴。
innovator ???????????(創(chuàng)新者)即in+nov+at(e)+or,in-加強(qiáng)前綴,nov詞根=new(元音字母替換,形近字母替換),-ate動詞后綴,-or后綴表“人”,故“使事物更新的人”→創(chuàng)新者。同根詞:novel(小說;新奇的)←nov+el后綴。
diligent ???????????/(勤奮的)即di+lig+ent,di-前綴“分離”,lig詞根“選擇”,-ent形容詞后綴,聯(lián)想:許多黑白兩色的芝麻混雜在一起,能把它們“選擇”“分離”出來的人,是非常“勤奮的”。同根詞:intelligently(聰明地,明智地),見1996年P(guān)assage 1。
reluctant ???????????/(不愿的,勉強(qiáng)的)即re+luct+ant,re-看作“反復(fù)”,luct可看作詞根lect“選擇”,-ant形容詞后綴,人們都不愿反反復(fù)復(fù)地作選擇,所以“反復(fù)選擇”→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建議制度是有效的——不要不愿使用它們。
devote ????????/(v.奉獻(xiàn),致力于)即de+vote,de拼音“得”,vote單詞“選票”,那些希望“得選票”的人都聲稱自己將“獻(xiàn)身于”某項(xiàng)事業(yè)。Only to devote oneself to the society can find the significance of the actually short and risky life.人生實(shí)際上是短暫而有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的,只有獻(xiàn)身于社會,才能找到其意義。
1995 Passage 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
know of 知道。I don't know him, but I know of him.我不認(rèn)識他,但聽說過他。live up to 做到;不辜負(fù)。
subtly ???????????(精細(xì)地;微妙地),形容詞形式為subtle。Men always want to be a women's first love;women have a more subtle instinct;what they like is to be a man's last romance.男人總想成為女人的第一個(gè)戀人,女人則具有更微妙的本能,她希望成為男人追求的最后一個(gè)對象。1995 Passage 2 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
external ??????????/(外部的),反義詞為internal(內(nèi)部的)。Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity.每個(gè)人的行動都不僅處于外部的推動,也同樣依據(jù)內(nèi)在的需要。signpost ???????????/?(路標(biāo))←sign+post。landmark ??????????/(界標(biāo))←land+mark。
obstacle ?????????/(障礙)即ob+st+acle,ob-前綴“阻礙”,st詞根=stand,-acle后綴表物,“站在那里阻礙的東西”→障礙。Victory is not the end but a phase to the end.It is no more than the removal of obstacles.勝利不是目的而是達(dá)到目的的一個(gè)階段。它不過是對障礙的消除。obstacles — things a person sees when they take their mind off their goal 障礙——當(dāng)一個(gè)人的大腦脫離自己的目標(biāo)時(shí)所看到的東西。
curiosity ??????????????/?(好奇心;古玩)即curios+ity,curios(=curious)好奇的,-ity名詞后綴,“引起好奇的東西”→古玩。參curiously,2001年P(guān)assage 5。Curiosity is a scholar's virtue.好奇心是學(xué)者的美德。curiosity — ①the key to creativity ②a willing, a proud, an eager confession of ignorance ③the first step to betrayal 好奇心——①打開創(chuàng)造力的鑰匙 ②心甘情愿地、自豪地、急切地承認(rèn)自己的無知 ③背叛的第一步。
1995 Passage 3 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
subconsciously ?????????????/(下意識地)←sub下+conscious有意識的+ly。stockpile ??????????/(v.n.積蓄,貯存)←stock存儲+pile堆積。
expertise ????????????/?(專門知識)←expert專家+ise后綴,“專家所掌握的東西”。
participant ?????????????/(參與者)即parti+cip+ant,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓,-ant后綴表人,“抓取部分東西的人”→參與分享的人→參與者。參participation(參加;分享),2001年P(guān)assage 1。
facilitate ????????????/(使便利)即fac+il(e)+itate,fac=fic詞根“做”(參artificial←art+i+fic+ial,2002年Text 2),-ile后綴“易于??的”,-itate動詞后綴,“使易于做的”→使便利。名詞形式為facility(熟練);facilities(設(shè)施;便利條件)。It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.如果你再合作一點(diǎn)的話,事情就變得更容易了。It is not helps, but obstacles, not facilities, but difficulties, that make men.成就人的不是幫助而是障礙,不是便利而是困難。
breakdown ???????????/(n.崩潰;故障)←break+down。a nervous breakdown 神經(jīng)衰弱。
dominant ??????????/?(支配的,占優(yōu)勢的)←domin+ant,domin詞根“支配”,-ant后綴。參predominance(優(yōu)勢),2000年P(guān)assage 1。
1995 Passage 4 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
inherent ???????????(固有的;天生的)即in+her(e)+ent,in-在里面,here詞根“黏著”=stick,-ent形容詞后綴,“黏著在里面的”→固有的。同根詞:adhere(v.黏附;堅(jiān)持)←ad(=to)+here;coherent(黏著的)←co(=together)+her(e)+ent。I am not in the least disturbed when people regard my legs intently.I know they are doing so in pursuance of their inherent artistic instinct.當(dāng)人們目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著我的雙腿時(shí),我絲毫不覺得不安。我明白他們這樣做是出于天生的藝術(shù)直覺。←這是一位舞蹈家MM說的。
profound ??????????(深刻的;淵博的)即pro+found,pro-向前,found詞根“基底”(如foundation→found+ation→基礎(chǔ)),“向前直探到底的”→淵博的。The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement.But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth.一種正確說法的對立物是一種錯(cuò)誤的說法。一種深刻的真理的對立物則很可能是另一種深刻的真理。
soak up 吸收。?
marathon ?????????(馬拉松)用諧音記。這種全長421954米的長跑比賽,是對運(yùn)動員體力與意志力的考驗(yàn)。rejoice ?????????(使欣喜)即re+joice,re-反復(fù),joice=joy,“使反復(fù)高興”→使欣喜。Why is it that we rejoice at a birth and grieve at a funeral? Is it because we are not the person concerned?為什么我們在有人出生時(shí)高興,在有人入葬時(shí)悲傷?是否由于自己不是當(dāng)事者?
disproportionate ?????????????????(不成比例的)即dis+proportion+ate,dis-否定前綴,proportion比例,-ate此處為形容詞后綴。Literature happens to be the only occupation in which wages are not given in proportion to the goodness of the work done.文學(xué)碰巧是唯一的這么一種職業(yè),其報(bào)酬與所做工作的優(yōu)異不成比例。
preoccupation ???????????????????(全神貫注)即pre+occup(y)+ation,pre-在前,occupy占據(jù),-ation名詞后綴,“在別的事物前占據(jù)注意力”→全神貫注。
consideration ???????????????(考慮;體諒;需考慮的事)←consider考慮+ation;
considerate ????????????(考慮周到的;體諒的)←consider+ate。Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.勞動高于資本,理應(yīng)得到多得多的報(bào)酬。A child that lives with sharing learns to be considerate.同意分享的孩子知道為人著想。
1995 Passage 5 重點(diǎn)詞匯:
subsequent ????????????/(隨后的)←sub+sequ+ent,sub-在下,sequ(=follow)詞根“跟隨”,-ent形容詞后綴。Be sure not to tell a first falsehood, and you needn't fear being detected in any subsequent ones.千萬別說第一個(gè)謊話,這樣就不用害怕在隨后的謊話中被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。
duration ????????????/(持久;持續(xù)時(shí)間)即dur+ation,dur詞根“持續(xù)”,-ation名詞后綴。同根詞:durable(持久的)←dur+able可??的;endurance(持久力;忍耐力)←en使??+dur+ance。It is not the strength but the duration of great sentiment that makes great men.造就偉人的不是力量,而是偉大情操的持久。
contemporary ??????????????/(當(dāng)代的;同時(shí)代的;同時(shí)代的人)←con+tempor+ary,con-一起,tempor看作temper(性情),-ary后綴,“性情相同的(人)就是同時(shí)代的(人)”。Most contemporary books give the impression of having been manufactured in a day, out of books read the day before.大部分當(dāng)代書籍給人的印象,是花一天工夫用前一天讀過的書加工而成的。I don't go along with all this talk of a generation gap.We're all contemporaries.There's only a difference in memories, that's all.我對代溝這種說法完全不能茍同。我們都是同時(shí)代的人,只是記憶有所不同,僅此而已。
第二篇:結(jié) 婚 賀 詞
結(jié) 婚 賀 詞
各位來賓、各位朋友,女士們、先生們:
大家中午好!
今天是2012年5月1日星期二,我們大家迎來了紅五月第一個(gè)至尊至貴的日子;今天是一個(gè)龍鳳呈祥,琴瑟合鳴的好日子;今天也是貌美如花的玉女陳和英俊瀟灑的童男,兩位新人結(jié)婚大喜的日子;也是我們在座的親朋好友們,熱情盼望的幸福時(shí)刻!
我想應(yīng)該感謝陳世滿先生和夫人女士,是你們用大量的時(shí)間和心血陪伴女兒陳一起成長,使她出落成為一個(gè)大方、大氣、開朗、健康、可愛的女孩兒,使你們的家庭有幸得到這樣一個(gè)天使般的孩子。過去嫁女兒時(shí),父母會哭泣,今天我想請你們開懷大笑,因?yàn)槲覍⑴ψ屇銈兛吹疥惣磳㈤_始的另一段人生是多么豐富而快樂。
俗話說:男大當(dāng)婚,女大當(dāng)嫁。這是天經(jīng)地義、順理成章的人生成長的規(guī)律和必須經(jīng)歷的過程。在這良辰美景到來的重要時(shí)刻,我作為親戚朋友的代表,致以忠心誠意的祝福:祝愿兩位新人幸福美滿、白頭偕老,相濡以沫、舉眉齊案。祝愿他倆一生快樂、二龍吸珠、三陽開泰、四季平安、五福臨門、六六大順、七星高照、八方來財(cái)、九五至尊、十全十美、百年好合、千古不變、萬世流芳。
祝愿他倆結(jié)婚以后相親相愛、相互尊重;孝敬父母、以德治家;優(yōu)生優(yōu)育,早生貴子。
希望他倆婚后按既定目標(biāo)行事、做事、辦事,遵紀(jì)守法,不闖紅燈;嚴(yán)格要求,認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí);開拓進(jìn)取,與時(shí)俱進(jìn);干好工作,過好日子!
最后,祝愿陳世滿先生全家及親朋好友生活越過越火紅,路越走越寬,一順百順,心想事成,日進(jìn)斗金,財(cái)源滾,身輕氣爽,吉祥安康!
謝謝大家!
第三篇:結(jié) 婚 祝 詞
結(jié) 婚 祝 詞
尊敬的各位來賓,大家好!
剛才涂部長為新婚夫婦送去了熱情洋溢的祝福。很有幸,今天,我能代表市公安局和全體民警向陳飛虎同志和聶慧女士表達(dá)新婚祝福,祝愿你倆海枯石爛不變心、地闊天高比翼飛,相扶到老、長長久久。
陳飛虎同志是我單位的一名業(yè)務(wù)技能過硬、表現(xiàn)突出的特警隊(duì)員,在09年,他為了一個(gè)大家今天都知道的目標(biāo),毅然參加全省第一批政法干警招錄考試,而今天的新娘聶慧女士更是美麗優(yōu)秀,作為市政府宣傳部的骨干,工作出色,巾幗不讓須眉。“十年修得同船度,百年修得共枕眠”,從相識相知、相戀、相惜到相愛,兩位志同道合的青年才俊終于走在一起,步入新婚的殿堂。
在此,希望陳飛虎同志珍惜這來之不易的幸福,繼續(xù)發(fā)揚(yáng)特警特別能吃苦、特警能戰(zhàn)斗、特別守紀(jì)律的特警精神,一是要把新娘捧在心上。陳飛虎同志不僅要服務(wù)好人民,更要服務(wù)好聶慧女士;二是要把新娘記在心里。不但時(shí)刻記住國家和人民群眾,更要時(shí)時(shí)把新娘記在心里;三是要愛護(hù)好新娘。作為一名人民衛(wèi)士的特警,要像愛護(hù)人民群眾一樣愛護(hù)溫柔漂亮的新娘。希望新娘對我們陳飛虎同志要充分信任,把照顧你這樣崇高的任務(wù)交給他,我們都相信,他會用一生去圓滿完成任務(wù),你們的結(jié)合也必定是工作上文武相濟(jì),感情上珠聯(lián)璧合,同心同德、幸福美滿一生。
謝謝!
結(jié) 婚 祝 詞
各位來賓、各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、女士們、先生們:
你們好!
剛才涂部長為新婚夫婦送去了熱情洋溢的祝福。今天很有幸,我代表新郎單位講幾句話祝福的話,祝愿你倆海枯石爛不變心、地闊天高比翼飛,相扶到老、長長久久。
據(jù)了解,新郎陳飛虎先生思想進(jìn)步、工作積極、勤奮好學(xué)、儀表堂堂是有目共睹的。就是這位出類拔萃的小伙,在09年,新郎為了愛放棄了十堰十分優(yōu)越的工作,為了一個(gè)大家今天都知道的目標(biāo),毅然參加全省第一批政法干警招錄考試,而新娘聶慧女士更是美麗優(yōu)秀,作為市政府宣傳部的骨干,工作出色,巾幗不讓須眉。“十年修得同船度,百年修得共枕眠”,從相識相知、相戀、相惜到相愛,兩位志同道合的青年才俊終于走在一起,步入新婚的殿堂。
在此,我代表市公安局衷心地祝福你們愛河永流,將愛情進(jìn)行到底!婚姻既是愛情的結(jié)果,又是愛情和生活的開始,是相伴一生的約定,更是一種相互的責(zé)任。希望你們在工作上相互鼓勵,在學(xué)習(xí)上相互幫,在事業(yè)上齊頭并進(jìn),在生活上相互關(guān)心;在困難上同舟共濟(jì),共度難關(guān),在矛盾上多理解少爭吵,多冷靜燒猜疑。新郎要愛老婆如愛自己,但不要演變成怕老婆;新娘要孝敬公婆,相夫教子。
最后,再次祝福新郎新娘,你們要把戀愛時(shí)的浪漫和激情,延續(xù)到今后的婚姻和生活中去,一直保留到永遠(yuǎn),永結(jié)同心。
謝謝!
第四篇:幼兒園晚會 結(jié) 束 詞
結(jié) 束 詞
注:在唱完《最好的未來》第一段后,主持人開始說主持詞。(音樂聲小)
女1:親愛的老師
男1:爸爸媽媽
女2:爺爺奶奶
男2:叔叔阿姨們
合(全場小朋友手舉紅心):祝你們身體健康,元旦快樂,我們一定會在西十路小學(xué)幼兒園里茁壯成長!
園長(上場走到主持人中間、其他老師上場在孩子后邊站好):孩子們,今天你們的表演非常精彩,相信我們家長一定會因?yàn)槟銈兌械綗o比的驕傲!在這里,我愿與每一位期待中的家長共識:您的孩子是優(yōu)秀的,您的孩子將更加卓越!愿我們在這片凝聚愛意、放飛希望的西十路小學(xué)幼兒園里,手拉著手,心連著心。讓每個(gè)孩子在這里都擁有最佳的人生開端!愿西十路小學(xué)幼兒園的明天更加輝煌燦爛!
主持人:2012年,西十路小學(xué)幼兒園“迎新春、慶元旦”聯(lián)歡會到此結(jié)束。明年再見!
第五篇:團(tuán)體操串詞結(jié)版
團(tuán)體操串詞
一、清風(fēng)熱情洋溢裝點(diǎn)著蒼穹,青春點(diǎn)燃星光澎湃的激情,今天我們風(fēng)景區(qū)第二中學(xué)第三小學(xué)在教育局舉辦的第三屆中小學(xué)生體育運(yùn)動會中,為大會獻(xiàn)上大型團(tuán)體操表演。
九十年風(fēng)雨兼程,道不盡坎坷滄桑。九十年風(fēng)云巨變,道不完偉業(yè)輝煌,時(shí)代召喚青年,青年創(chuàng)造未來。“五四”精神薪火相傳,激勵著一代代青年,譜寫著中華民族偉大復(fù)興的華麗詩篇。
請欣賞 第一篇章 禮贊祖國
沒有一種標(biāo)志能像五星紅旗那樣凝聚華夏子孫對祖國的熱愛,沒有一種筆能像五星紅旗那樣把中華兒女對祖國的贊美寫向永恒的蒼天,更沒有任何一種語言,能像五星紅旗那樣淋漓盡致地表達(dá)我們心中對祖國的愛。
當(dāng)鮮艷的五星紅旗映著朝陽緩緩升起,第一聲國歌奏響的就是少年的宣言,中華的大地上永遠(yuǎn)都踏響著堅(jiān)實(shí)的足音,陽光下的少年們永遠(yuǎn)邁著執(zhí)著的腳步,為祖國而舞蹈,為青春而歌唱。
二、春天的花蕾已經(jīng)在復(fù)蘇的北疆吐蕊綻放,希望的田野已然憧憬著萬紫千紅,年輕的畫筆注定要涂繪錦繡河山,青春的花朵必然要開遍神州萬里。舞動著生機(jī),揮灑著激越。這是二中三小獻(xiàn)給青春的舞蹈,充滿希望的舞蹈。
請欣賞 第二篇章 舞蹈吧,青春!
蓬勃如歡騰的海浪,青蔥如春來的草原。聽,嘩然而軒昂如群山之矗立;看,整肅而精勁如勇士赴疆場。少年智則國智,少年強(qiáng)則國強(qiáng)。青春就是走向希望,青春就是擁抱朝陽,鴻鵠試翼,搏擊長空而志存高遠(yuǎn);潛龍騰躍,橫蕩四海而意涉廣千!青春就要無懼,青春就要無悔。少年狂,肯把翎羽射天狼,豈到兩鬢竟微霜!美哉 我少年中國,與天不老!壯哉 我中國少年,與國無疆。狂浪的青春,是自由的施展才華,是鑄就光明的未來;理想的翅膀不應(yīng)被任何浮靡羈絆,遠(yuǎn)大的目標(biāo)不應(yīng)被任何陳規(guī)阻隔。如風(fēng)一樣的少年,應(yīng)該在蔚藍(lán)的天空書寫屬于自己的名字,寬廣的疆場等著你們?nèi)ヱY騁,高聳的山巒等著你們?nèi)フ鞣『蔑L(fēng)頻借力,送我上青云,少年豪放,莫學(xué)衰翁。!舞蹈吧,青春!
三、請欣賞 第三篇章 騰飛吧 風(fēng)景區(qū)!悠悠長天滾滾云 蒼蒼古樹立黃昏 這是北國的人間仙境 這是塞外的西湖昆侖
這是世界的物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn) 這是美麗的世界礦泉名鎮(zhèn) 這里有美麗的天池如畫 這里有神奇的藥泉洗塵
這里有著無私奉獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)見卓識的人、五大連池啊 你是祖國花園上的一朵奇葩
科學(xué)發(fā)展為你前進(jìn)鋪路 黨的建設(shè)會讓你更加美麗動人
此刻我們感受到的是二中三小人飽含自信的精神和永不言敗的氣勢。這是二中三小多年來在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,在教育局領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的支持與肯定下,在全校教職員工取得的成果里不斷建立起來的自信,二中三小人相信,在這優(yōu)良的教風(fēng)與學(xué)風(fēng)中,他們會為景區(qū)的教育事業(yè)增光添色,會為景區(qū)培育出優(yōu)秀而全面的高素質(zhì)人才。
獻(xiàn)禮青春,舞動華章,第二中學(xué)第三小學(xué)全體師生預(yù)祝大會圓滿成功!