第一篇：考研英語作文高分必備替換詞

1.individuals,characters,folks替換people,persons.2.positive,favorable,rosy(美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替換good.3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替換bad.如果bad做表語，可以用be less impressive替換.4.an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,a host of,if not most 替換 many.5.a slice of, quite a few, several 替換some.替換詞

6.harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that 替換think(因為是書面語，所以要加that).7.affair,business,matter替換thing.8.shared替換common.9.reap huge fruits替換get many benefits.10.for my part,from my own perspective替換in my opinion.11.increasing(ly),growing替換more and more(注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式，所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/growing,修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly)例如:sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything,或little or nothing替換hardly.13.beneficeal,rewarding替換helpful.14.shopper,client,consumer,pruchaser替換customer.15.exceedingly,extremely,intedsely替換very.16.hardly necessary,hardly inevitable...替換unnecessary,avoidable.17.sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb替換sb take

interest in/sb.be interested in.18.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.19.facet,demension,sphere替換aspect.20.be indicative of,be suggestive of,be fearful of替換indicate,suggest,fear.21.give rise to,lead to,result in,trigger替換cause.22.there are several reasons behing sth替換...reasons for sth.23.desire替換want.24.pour attention into替換pay attention to.25.bear in mind that替換remember.

第二篇：2014年英語四級寫作高分替換詞

2014年英語四級寫作高分替換詞

2014年的英語四級考試就要來了，下面給同學們提供了英語四級寫作中常用詞的替換詞，讓你的作文不在平庸。大家抓緊時間記憶吧。

1)大多數(shù)人 most people→ the majority of the population

2)經(jīng)常 often→frequently

3)我相信 I believe→ from my standpoint, from my perspective

4)必須 must→ it is a must for us to…

5)知道 know→ be aware of

6)因為 because→in that

7)最后 at last→eventually

8)然而 but→however

9)如果 if→provided that

10)各行各業(yè)的人 all kinds of people→people from all walks of life

11)引起，導致 lead to→contribute to

12)人 people→individuals

13)好的 good→desirable, benefitial

14)壞的 bad→undesirable

15)很多many→ numerous

16)越來越more and more→ a increasing/mounting number of

17)很very→extremely

18)方面side→aspects

19)表明 show→demonstrate, indicate

20)利用 use→utilize

21)因此/結(jié)果so→therefore

22)部分 part→proportion

23)提高 improve→enhance

24)改變 change→transform

25)強調(diào)/重視 emphasize→ attach great importance to

26)培養(yǎng) develop→cultivate

27)破壞 destroy→undermine

28)解決 deal with →tackle /figure out

29)普遍的 everywhere→universal

30)明顯的obvious→apparent

31)在當今社會in the modern society→in the current society

32)使 make→enable

第三篇：高分寫作——大學英語作文精彩替換詞

1.individuals,characters, folks替換(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good 3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替換bad 如果bad做表語，可以有be less impressive替換 eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替換many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that?.同理 用most, if not all ,替換most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some 6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因為是書面語，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing 8: shared 代 common 9.reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits)10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion 11:Increasing(ly),growing 替換more and more(注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式。所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer 15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替換very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable...替換 unnecessary, avoidable 17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb.be interested in 18.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.滬 19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 替換..reasons for sth 23.desire 替換want.24.pour attention into 替換pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替換remember 26.enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過程的意思)27.interaction替換communication 28.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance 30.next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible

高分作文標志:

1、是否長短句交叉；

2、是否會使用插入語；

3、用詞是否多樣，準確，形象，盡量使用能夠吸引閱卷老師眼球的閃光詞；

4、關(guān)鍵詞是否換用，切勿老用重復詞；

5、句型使用是否準確、地道。

1.適當用被動替換主動，這樣能更客觀的反映事實, 句子開頭不要總是用we / I(比如寫結(jié)尾時不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to.)

It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that.By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.2.善于使用插入語，比如說把副詞、連接詞等，作插入語放在中間，一般放在主語、動詞或者助動詞后，兩邊分別加上逗號。如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入語放在中間，一般放在動詞，助動詞后，兩邊分別加上逗號。比如說： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that ?

3.一定要學會換詞，換形象，具體的替換太寬泛的。(考試中一般不要出現(xiàn)good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)比如上面例子中，applicable替換proper, approaches替換ways, implement替換carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替換enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物競爭力)

I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i indulged myself in googling an army of useful information I had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music.That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me.The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers.Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals.It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!

1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同學)2.I don't mind your_____________(你延期做出決定)the decision as long as it is not too late.3.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起著不可缺少的作用)in raising children.4.Mark often____________________________(試圖逃脫罰款)whenever he breaks traffic regulations.5.When I __________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)他騙我)I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.6.I suggested he ____________________（使自己適應）his new conditions.7.What a lovely party!It's worth_________________(牢記一生).8.If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________(他們也不會同意).9.His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真實目的).10.If you had_____________________(聽從了我的勸告，你就不會陷入麻煩）11.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________(失去聯(lián)系)the outside world.12.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制)and perfected now.13.How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很強的影響)the character of the children.14.The room is in a terrible mess;it _____________________（肯定沒打掃過）.15.With tears on her face, the lady _____________________(看著他受傷的兒子被送進手術(shù)室）

16.（這個計劃成功的關(guān)鍵）___________is good planning.17.The specific use of leisure______(每一人都不同)18.The ship ' s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作)instead of mechanically.19.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________(習慣了學生遲到)his lecture.20.I prefer to communicate with my customers ______(通過寫電子郵件而不是打電話）21.After the terrorist attack, tourists ______(被勸告暫時不要去該國旅游）22.(他把自己奉獻于社區(qū)工作)______ and is passionate about what he is doing.23.Man should not exploit the natural resources ______(以犧牲其他物種為代價).24.When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor ______(把此歸因于她對未來的信念).25.At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard ______(不要讓父母失望).26.In the budget for this building, they failed to __(考慮價格增長的因素).27.Only after I slapped him on the back ____(他才發(fā)現(xiàn)我并高興得叫起來).28.I didn ' t even speak to him, ____(更不用說與他討論事情).29.Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____(求助于他們的父母)with a sense of guilt.30.The victim _____(本來有機會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time.31.Though a skilled worker, _____(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.32.He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, __(也從未屈服于任何困難).33.The little boy next door has been beating his drum for a whole morning, which got on my nerves so much __(以至于我無法集中注意力學習).34.The scientist tried to convince us that a tiger would not attack us __(除非它走途無路).35.The nation ' s population continues to rise ______(以每年 1200 萬人的速度)36.(如果你設法與Smith先生取得聯(lián)系)___the problem will be solved easily because he is an expert in this field.37.The problem lies in how people look at those students ___(專心追求知識的).38.On Children's Day, kids ___有資格免費進入)to all the city parks.39.The restaurant next door serves good food, but the one across the street is much better ___(就服務而言).40.___(每當天氣不好時), he takes whatever umbrella he can find.41.Animal experiments will continue to be necessary to resolve existing medical problems ___(盡管一些人公開反對).42.Professor Clark was a bit strict with us, ____(但我們確實從他那里學到了很多).43.The more you explain, ___(我愈糊涂).44.He has done so much for the poor in his community that ___(再怎么贊揚他都不過分).45.Since my childhood I have found that __(沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力)

作文中常用句套 作文中常用句套：

下文中出現(xiàn)的 A,B, “...”(某事物), “sb”(somebody), 要在寫作中要根據(jù)上下文進行適當替換.開頭：

When it comes to..., some think...There is a public debate today that...A is a common way of..., but is it a wise one? Recently the problem has been brought into focus.提出觀點：

Now there is a growing awareness that...It is time we explored the truth of...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.進一步提出觀點：

...but that is only part of the history.Another equally important aspect is...A is but one of the many effects.Another is...Besides, other reasons are...提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that...Just imagine what would be like if...It is reasonable to expect...It is not surprising that...舉普通例子：

For example(instance),......such as A,B,C and so on(so forth)A good case in point is...A particular example for this is...引用：

One of the greatest early writers said...“Knowledge is power”, such is the remard of...“......”.That is how sb comment(criticize/ praise...).“......”.How often we hear such words like there.講故事

（先說故事主體），this story is not rare...., such delimma we often meet in daily life...., the story still has a realistic significance.提出原因：

There are many reasons for...Why...., for one thing,...The answer to this problem involves many factors.Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves...The first reason can be obiviously seen.Most people would agree that...Some people may neglect that in fact...Others suggest that...Part of the explanation is...進行對比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...Although A enjoys a distinct advantage...Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.A maybe..., but it suffers from the disadvantage that...承上啟下：

To understand the truth of..., it is also important to see...A study of...will make this point clear 讓步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...I do not deny that A has its own merits.結(jié)尾：

>From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...In summary, it is wiser...In short...首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個句型,要靈活運用各種語法結(jié)構(gòu),使文章有聲有色。

一、改變時態(tài)

例:The bell is ringing now.(一般)

There goes the bell!(高級)

二、改變語態(tài)

例:People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)

It is suggested that the conference be put off.(高級)

三、使用不定式

例:He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)He is so kind as to help me.(高級)

四、使用過去分詞

例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)

Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高級)

②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高級)

五、使用V-ing形式

例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)

On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高級)

②If the weather permits, I'll come tomorrow.(一般)

I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高級)

六、使用名詞性從句

例:①It disappointed everybody that he didn't turn up.(一般)

The fact that he didn't turn up disappointed everybody.(高級)

②I happened to have met him.(一般)

It happened that I had met him.(高級)

③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)

What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(高級)

七、使用定語從句

例:The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.(一般)

The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(高級)

八、使用狀語從句

例:①I won't believe what he says.(一般)

No matter what he says, I won't believe.(高級)

②If you come back before six o'clock, you can go out.(一般)

You can go out on condition that(provided that)you come back before six o'clock.(高級)

③If she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(一般)

Supposing that she doesn't agree, what shall we do?(高級)

第四篇：考研英語作文——45個最經(jīng)典的替換詞

以下是45個最經(jīng)典的替換詞，各位同學可以參考一下：

1.individuals，characters，folks替換people，persons.2.positive，favorable，rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect，pleasurable，excellent，outstanding，superior替換good.3.dreadful，unfavorable，poor，adverse，ill(有害的)替換bad(如果bad做表語，可以有be less impressive替換。)

eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games，enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation，as a result，they find their academic records are less impressive.4.an army of，an ocean of，a sea of，a multitude of，a host of，many，if not most替換many.注：用many，if not most一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。

Eg.Many individuals，if not most，harbor the idea that…。同理用most，if not all，替換most.5.a slice of，quiet a few替換some.6.harbor the idea that，take the attitude that，hold the view that，it is widely shared that，it is universally acknowledged that替換think(因為是書面語，所以要加that)。

7.affair，business，matter替換thing.8.shared代common.9.reap huge fruits替換get many benefits.10.for my part，from my own perspective替換in my opinion.11.Increasing(ly)，growing替換more and more(注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式。所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly.)

Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything或little or nothing替換hardly.13.beneficial，rewarding替換helpful.14.shopper，client，consumer，purchaser替換customer.15.overwhelmingly，exceedingly，extremely，intensely替換very.16.hardly necessary，hardly inevitable ……替換unnecessary，avoidable.17.indispensable替換necessary

18.sth appeals to sb，sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb替換sb take interest in / sb.be interested in.19.capture one's attention替換attract one's attention.20.facet，demension，sphere代aspect.21.be indicative of，be suggestive of，be fearful of代indicate，suggest，fear.22.give rise to，lead to，result in，trigger替換cause.23.There are several reasons behind sth替換……reasons for sth.24.desire替換want.25.pour attention into替換pay attention to.26.bear in mind that替換remember.27.enjoy，possess替換have(注意process是過程的意思)。

28.interaction替換communication.29.frown on sth替換be against，disagree with sth.30.to name only a few，as an example替換for example，for instance.31.next to / virtually impossible替換nearly / almost impossible.32.regarding/concerning替換about.33.crucial/paramount替換important.34.第一(in the first place/the first and foremost);第二(there is one more point，I should touch on，that…。);第三(the last but not the least)。

35.assiduous替換hard-working

36.arduous替換difficult

37.underdeveloped/financially-challenged替換poor(因為poor通常含有貶義)

38.demonstrate /manifest替換show

39.invariably替換always

40.perilous/hazardous替換dangerous(寫社會類作文時常用，說什么社會現(xiàn)象是不好的，有害的)

41.formidable替換difficult

42.quintessential替換typical(舉例時常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example;for instance)

43.distinguished替換famous

44.feasible替換possible

45.consequently，accordingly替換so

第五篇：四六級英語作文-經(jīng)典替換詞

經(jīng)典替換詞 individuals, characters, folks(people, persons)2 charming, decent, fascinating, desirable, prosperous, positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding(good)3 wrong, plain, negative, useless, evil, dark side, nasty, dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(bad)4 an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, many, if not most(many)注意查清 if not most 的用法 a slice of, quite a few, several(some)6 harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that(think)注意書面語that一般不省略 7 affair, business, matter(thing)8 shared(common)注意只是某些情況 9 reap huge fruits(get much benefit)10 for my part, from my own perspective(in my opinion)11 increasing(ly), growing(more and more)注意沒有g(shù)rowingly，當修飾名詞用increasing/growing。修飾副詞用increasingly。另外參照紅皮教材。12 little if anything, little or nothing(hardly)13 beneficial rewarding(helpful)14 shopper, client, consumer, purchaser(customer)15 exceedingly, extremely, rather, fairly, greatly, considerably, exceedingly(very)16 hardly unnecessary, inevitable(necessary)17 sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb(sb take interest in)18 capture one’s attention(attract one’s attention)19 facet, dimension, sphere(aspect)注意sphere用時要謹慎，facet更好用 be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of(分別代替indicate, suggest, fear)21 give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger(cause)注意trigger引發(fā)一連串不好的事情 22 there are several reasons behind sth(reasons for sth)23 desire(want)24 pour attention into(pay attention to)25 bear in mind that(remember)26 enjoy, possess(have)注意possess是一個過程的感覺 27 interaction(communication)28 frown on sth(be against, disagree with sth)29 to name only a few, as an example, for instance(for example)next to/virtually impossible(nearly impossible)31 be interested, be fond of, crazy about, fanatical about, favorite,be keen on(like)32 fascinating, lovely, pure, handsome, promising, appealing(beautiful)33 modernization, globalization, industrialization, update, upgrade(development)34 significant, essential, substantial, play a vital part(important)35 argue, declare, admit, guess, reckon, conclude, I hold the opinion that, as far as I am concerned(think)36 discuss, talk about(say)37 means, measure, remedy, approach(method)38 notice, observe, be confronted with, witness(see)39 achieve, accomplish, implement, fulfill(finish, complete)40 reject, object, decline, the last thing, anything but(refuse)41 seek, chase, pursue, explore, trace(follow)查清搭配 42 alike, equivalent, identical, similar(same)43 slim, tiny, minute, minor, insignificant(small)44 obvious, transparent, known to all, well-believed, widely-held(clear)45 vacant, blank, idle, bare, hollow(empty)46 inspire, stimulate, impulse, motivate(encourage)47 disaster, misfortune, tragedy grief, sorrow(bad luck)48 sole, unique, single, lonely(only)49 illustrate, demonstrate, indicate, reveal, illuminate(show)50 flaw, error, fault, weakness, defect(mistake)51 obligation, responsibility, liability, charge(duty)52 accumulate, assemble, crowd(join)53 present, up-to-date, contemporary, nowadays(now)54 desirable, advisable, priceless, feasible(valuable)

國內(nèi)考試作文常用表達(2008-10-10 12:01:54)

標簽：雜談

分類：考研與四六級寫作

基本表達(Basic Elements of English Writing)：

越來越：be increasingly adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 人們認為：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 許多問題：a host of/a number of problems 引起人們注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.意識到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb.to the fact/danger 適應新的形勢/變化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change 接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems 接觸社會：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society 獲得成功：achieve/accomplish success 提出觀點/建議：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions 作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)影響學習/工作：interfere with studies/work 產(chǎn)生影響：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on 較好地駕馭生活：be a better pilot of one's life 剝奪機會/權(quán)力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity 取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way 采取措施：take effective steps/measures to 控制我們的環(huán)境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment 躲避危險/挑戰(zhàn)：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge 滿足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of 補償損失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage 解釋某現(xiàn)象：account for/explain the phenomenon 對……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on.provide/gain an insight into 把某因素考慮進去：take sth.Into account(consideration), give much thought to 品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth 培養(yǎng)對……的信心：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in 經(jīng)歷變化/困難/艱險：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience 表現(xiàn)出自信心等：project one's confidence/feeling/image 生活充滿不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice 追求學習/職業(yè)：pursue one's academic interest/professional career 學習知識/技術(shù)：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill 被看作學習的……榜樣：be held up as a good example 交流經(jīng)驗/知識：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge 發(fā)揮/起到重要作用：play an(important/active/great)role/part 逃學/缺課：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture 知識/經(jīng)驗豐富：rich in knowledge/experience 確立/追求目標：set/pursue a goal/higher standard 到達目標：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective 克服困難：overcome obstacles/difficulty 面臨危險/困難：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty 阻礙了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth 阻礙了發(fā)展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of The contents 持傳統(tǒng)的看法：hold conventional wisdom 發(fā)表看法：voice/express one's opinion 持相反/合理的觀點：take the opposite/fresh view 揭穿某種一貫的說法：shatter the myth of 求得幫助：enlist one's support/help 縮小差別：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf(between city and country)把成功/錯誤歸咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to 對……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to 施加壓力：put/exert a academic pressure on 重視：assign/attach much importance/significance to 強調(diào)：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on 把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon 提供機會/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.抓住機會：grab/seize/take the opportunity 得到機會：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information 有可能：there is(little/much)possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that 展開競爭：compete against/with sb.for the prize/position/control/the mastery of 開展運動：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against)對我很有/沒有什么意義：make much/little sense to me 帶來無窮的幸福/滿足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint 獻身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career 大不（沒什么）兩樣：make much(little/no)difference 真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is … 改變生活旅程：change/alter the course of life 建立在大量的學習/實踐上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice 進行調(diào)查/執(zhí)行任務：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment 辭去工作/學習：leave/quit one's job/work/school 參加考試/競賽等：enter(for)the examination/contest, race 參加活動/討論：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion 影響思想/態(tài)度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude 進入大學/社會/家庭/勞力市場/職業(yè)：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals 實現(xiàn)自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desire)減輕壓力/緊張：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension 提高社會地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership 提高技術(shù)/能力：sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one's skill/ability 加快/促進發(fā)展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of 隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society 開闊眼界/興趣：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge)one's mental horizons 有助于了解/發(fā)展/宣傳/解決：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of 有助于解決問題：go a long way to(towards)solving the problem 迷戀名利/分數(shù)：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune 把時間花/浪費在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.利用機會/技術(shù)：make(full/better)use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent 把知識/經(jīng)驗運用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience… to practice/daily life/good use 取得進步：make much progress/strides/gains in 充分發(fā)揮潛力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full, give full play to one's ability 充滿激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for

寫作練習方法----溫故而知新

（一）(2008-10-10 14:34:22)

標簽：雜談

分類：考研與四六級寫作

近日想到06年在東方的同事路程，實在是作文教學中的好手，卻行卷求學于名校，無緣東方。痛惜。又溫故而知新練習法也很多取材于此君，書于此以饗諸位。溫故—— u 表達觀點

1)have/hold/express opinions/views about/on/that 2)take/hold/have the attitude that/towards 3)in one’s opinion/view/point of view 注意：In my opinion, I think…是疊床架屋之舉，刪去一個。4)be convinced that 相當于firmly believe that 5)deem（正式）認為，視為。注意三種用法：

加從句：They deemed that he was a fool.加形容詞：The novel was deemed successful.加名詞：I deem it my duty to help the poor.6)presume 由某事推出某個結(jié)論：I presume from his accent that he is an American.7)suppose 側(cè)重于主觀推斷，認為應該如何。I suppose that you have been there before.8)maintain, argue, assert, emphasize… u 表示同意

agree that/with/to/on 1)approve of sth.2)take a positive attitude towards that 3)consent of sth./to do sth.4)accede to sth.正式用語，（最初不同意）同意，答應。The government would not accede to public pressure.acced to a request/a proposal 這個詞還有繼職、就任的意思：accede to the minister 5)Support 6）vote / ballot for/against，cast one’s vote / ballot for / against

u 表示反對或意見不一 disagree 1)oppose/be opposed to 側(cè)重于積極的對抗態(tài)度和行為，Congress is opposed to the military budget.2)object to sth.有強烈的不喜歡，逆反的涵義，Why do you always object to everything he wished to do for you? There’s nothing wrong with being painted in the nude;artists do it all the time.But our silly husbands have a way of objecting to that sort of thing.3)resist 有一種公開性，強調(diào)對外在威脅力量的驅(qū)除。抵制。They had resisted the and finally destroyed the Roman Empire.4)be divided over 在某件事情上有分歧。

u 表達應該做某事 should/ought to do 1)be supposed to do 2)be expected to do 3)be one’s duty/responsibility/obligation to 知新—— u 引起

大雨引起了水災。

The heavy rain _______ a flood.他的新建議引起了他人的好奇心。

His new suggestion _________the others’ curiosity.這部電影引起了我對童年的回憶。

This film __________ my memory of childhood.人口的增長引起了住房的不足。

The increasing population _________ the shortage of housing.1)cause 是“引起”的全方位對等值對應詞。不管引起的是什么事物、現(xiàn)象或活動，一般均可用cause表示。盡管如此，cause在表意上仍然有側(cè)重——不如意或意外的發(fā)生。

North China was hit by unexpected heavy rain which caused severe flooding.The earthquake has caused only slight damages of houses.Many diseases are caused by microbes.2)arouse 側(cè)重對某些心理活動的激起，以使其變得更活躍、更明顯。

His speech aroused public indignation.sb’s curiosity, suspicion.3)provoke

=to cause a feeling or attention This little article has provoked great interest of authorities.4)evoke

側(cè)重意念a memory, 情感a feeling的激起。

That movie evoked nice memories of my childhood.(call up)The suggestion of the headmaster evoked a heated discussion.(stir up)5)whet 引起食欲。Nothing can whet my appetite.6)originate 側(cè)重于起源，發(fā)源。

The use of steam originated many other reforms.Many other reforms originated in the use of steam.蒸汽為因，改革為果。7)give rise to, give occasion to, give birth to, lead to, set off, touch off, stir up, bring forth, call forth 多見于書面語中。

The increase in population gave rise to a shortage of houses.That remark gave occasion to a burst of laughter.The new plan called forth a good deal of criticism.The inclement weather brought forth a host of diseases.Mind it will set off a chain reaction.Conflict of interests between the imperialists gave birth to two world wars.8)result from, result in 側(cè)重表示由于某一過程的長期延續(xù)而形成的必然結(jié)果。

Liver and kidney damages result from prolong usage of a number of drugs.Sickness often results from eating too much.9)be responsible for+事情，to+人 表示這層含義的時候，作主語的必須是表示人的主語。

The only reason responsible for the traffic accident is carelessness of the driver.u 負責

這邊的事由你負責。

You are ___________ the affairs here.他對工作很負責。He is __________ 1)charge 相當于have the management of，傾向于管理。

be in the charge of, be left in charge of, take charge of, have charge of, put…under one’s charge How would it be for you to take charge of this class? She took charge of the family business when her father died.He has been in charge of the whole office for 10 years.Who is in the charge of this work? Who is having charge of this work? He is in full charge of security affairs.Mr.Wang was left in full charge of the company’s business while the boss was ill.The general manager put everything under my full charge.2)responsibility 對……負責，傾向于“責任”

bear responsibility for, take(up)responsibility, take the responsibility for/of doing sth.lack responsibility, admit responsibility for, shoulder the responsibility for, assume responsibility, accept/undertake the responsibility for Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future-not wedded to the past.They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate.He is lacking responsibility in his work.We must bravely shoulder the responsibility for our own acts.All of us want to share the responsibility with you.3)responsible be responsible for sth., be responsible to sb., be responsible to sb.for sth.Hold oneself responsible to The pilot of the plane is responsible for the passengers’ safety.Who should be responsible for the accident? Our duty is to hold ourselves responsible to the people.We must be responsible to the people for their interests.Who is the person responsible? Your side will be responsible for all the consequences arising therefrom.All the members of the committee are responsible directly to the president.4)undertake/take up 承擔某個特定任務，擔負起做……事的責任，前者為書面，后者為口語

A friend undertook to tape the proceedings at the opening of the exhibition.He has taken up too much.5)answer for, be answerable for, 強調(diào)責任

be in control, be in one’s hands, 側(cè)重對……的管理

see about, see to, call the shots, 安排或關(guān)照，后者可直譯為“發(fā)號施令”，引申為對……事全權(quán)負責

rest on/upon one’s shoulders，句型。對……事?lián)撈鹭熑?。這些詞組多見于非正式場合。

Who is in control here？（語氣較重）Who is in charge here？

Who is the person responsible here？

I cannot answer for other people’s mistakes.If anything goes wrong, you’ll have to answer for it.I’ll see about the fuel.You won’t be put to that trouble again;I’ll see to that.The matter is in your hands.The task rested squarely on our shoulders.I’m calling the shots here.u 決心做…… 1)to determine 程度較強。to be determined, to be bound,后一種多用于口語。都是下定決心，決心干某事的意思。

The PLA men were to bound to fulfill the task even at the risk of their lives.We are determined to get the work done before May Day.He has determined to learn English well.2)to make up one’s mind, 口語色彩

to make a point of doing sth.to make it a point to do sth.書面語。Everybody of us must make a point of being punctual.Xiao Wang made it a point to learn ten new words every day.Xiao Wang made it a point of learning ten new words every day.He’ s made up his mind to learn English well.3)to resolve, to make a resolve, to be resolved, to make good resolutions.語義較重，多用于書面語的表達。

We are resolved to fulfill the tasks set before us by the Party.The local residents resolved to have the flood checked.He makes good resolutions to do the word well, but he never keeps them.We resolve to become one with the masses.4)to pledge, to pledge oneself to 語義重，有莊嚴的語體色彩。

He pledged to complete his father’s unfinished task, whatever the cost might be.They pledged themselves to save their comrades.5)to set one’s mind on sth, /doing sth., to be set on/upon doing sth.口語中慣用的表達方式。

We set on/upon transforming the barren hills to well-cultivated land.He has set his mind on going to Oxford University.She set her mind on finding out who it was.6)vow, make a vow, be under a vow to do.誓言，發(fā)誓。有堅定不移的語義 We vow to build up our factory and make it a strong modern enterprise by the year 2008.He is under a vow to drink no wine.7)我們學過的一些簡單表達法：shall, 簡單實用。語氣較弱。We shall be the champions!be ready to, 由“準備”這個意義引申。After hearing the story, we are ready to help others.decide to do…強調(diào)計劃上將要做某事，“下決心”的意味沒有determine強烈。u 發(fā)生

happen, occur 1)happen,強調(diào)偶然性的色彩，usually by accident.occur 暗示“某種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生往往與人們的思想活動或一定的客觀規(guī)律有關(guān)?！?兩者都能與to連用。

happen為通用語體詞，occur則為書面語體詞，多用于正式場合。A leap year occurs every four year.It happened to me an hour ago.1)take place, come about與happen完全等值。前者口筆語通用，后者多用于口語。How did the accident come about? The accident took place on the highway.The media have flocked to the place where the event took place.4)witness, see 主語必須是年代或地點。

The year 1949 saw a great change in China.The city has seen quite a few earthquakes.Beijing witness many a great historic event.The year 1976 witness many earth-shaking events in China.5)succeed 繼……之后，表示一系列事物或現(xiàn)象的連續(xù)發(fā)生。One event succeeded another.During my illness, one trouble succeeded another.6)turn up 強調(diào)突然或意外，多用于口語。

manifest oneself, 多指事物、現(xiàn)象的顯露 be in the wind強調(diào)即將發(fā)生。

No such disease manifested itself in these years.Something unexpected has turned up.She was told that something unusual was in the wind.There is something in the wind.7)There be結(jié)構(gòu)

There have been many such uprisings in the history of our country.寫作練習方法----溫故而知新

（二）(2008-10-10 14:36:34)

u 在于

漢語中，“在于”通常有兩種意思，我們來體會下面兩個句子：

1、指出事物的本質(zhì)所在：革命戰(zhàn)爭的目的在于消滅戰(zhàn)爭。

2、指出關(guān)鍵所在：決定于，取決于。這件事成功與否在于他自己了。1)lie in, lie with, lie in the fact that 指出關(guān)鍵所在

The remedy lies in education.Where does the difficulty lie? It lies in the lack of full proof.The fundamental way our for agriculture lies in mechanization.Our difficulty lies in the fact that we don’t know English.It lies with his whether he will study or not.2)consist in: have…as the chief or only element Leadership consists in farsightedness and forgiveness.Happiness consists in contentment.Happiness consists in serving the people wholeheartedly.National strength consists not only in national armies.2)stem from 流行于美國英語中的說法。起源于，發(fā)生于，滋長于。有追根溯源的隱含意味。His error stems from selfishness.Our failure stems from the lack of experience.5)be 主語多為point, idea, trouble, reason, worry, argument, suggestion,等。正是，就是的意思。一般主語比較抽象，需要系動詞后面的表語加以說明。The point in dispute is the title to this newly-found manuscript.The problem is how to reduce costs.The trouble is that we don’t know English.In his book, the function of television is to edify, not to entertain.u 安排

1)arrange 有事先作好準備的意思。

We have arranged two trips for the students.The leadership has arranged for Xiao Wang to attend the meeting.We have arranged visits and sightseeing trips for the foreign guests.Everything has been arranged.It is up to you to arrange for the conference.2)Make proper/ necessary/ excellent/ adequate/ last-minute/ make-shift/ all/ a few arrangements Please make proper arrangements in the light of the specific situation.We must make adequate arrangements for the daily life of the students.If arrangements could be made, I still hope you will come.Do you agree to this arrangement? What do you say to this arrangement? The school authorities have already made the arrangements.3)fix, manage前者有明顯的口語色彩。后者有克服困難想方設法做到的隱含意味。Don’t worry.I’ll fix everything for you.If you want to meet them, I can fix it.Properly managed, the money can last them three months.I doubt whether they can manage everything in time.3)see about, see to 美國慣用語。原意是關(guān)照。但在某些情境下，就對應了中文的“安排”之意。I’ll see to it tomorrow.明天我把這件事安排一下。

We’ve been seeing about a job for you since last week.I have seen to it that the nurse did day duty only.There are all kinds of things that have to be seen about.4)lay on for, lay out 有明顯的口語色彩。前者尤用在服務性句子中。后者有精心考慮的意味。Concerts were laid on(=arranged)for the foreign guests.The work for tomorrow is all laid out.(=is all well arranged)5)schedule 強調(diào)安排工作的時間性、程序性。在美語中常用。What’s your schedule for tomorrow? We want to schedule a match for the next week.8)get up, work things, 前者是褒義短語，強調(diào)工作做得井井有條。后者是arrange matters.This book has been got up very nicely by the designers and printers.I think I can work things, so there will be no problem.I’d like to ask you to get up a special performance for the new students.6)reset, budget 前者有重新安排的含義。后者強調(diào)精心使用。Arrange again, arrange properly The things are changing all the time, so we must reset our business hours.The examination is at hand, and you must budget your time.7)set aside+time, choose+time We set aside one afternoon in a week for vocational study.My suggestion is that we must set aside more time for oral practice.To choose time is to save time.u 情況

1)situation 在某一時期里一個單位或一個地區(qū)事物的全貌。尤指復雜狀態(tài)或事態(tài)。It is very important to handle complex situations aptly.After hearing the report from below, the newly-appointed manager got a general picture of the situation in the company.I know very little about the situation there.How is the situation at the front? The situation admits of no delay.2)case 一個個具體的或暫時的情況。

Special cases, of course, need special consideration.Those are isolated cases.This rule does not reach the case.Those are two different cases.What is the practice in such cases? 3)matter, affair or things Matter,多指重要的事情或情況

Affair通常用復數(shù)形式，且不加任何冠詞，多指與日常公事有關(guān)的情況。Things用法特色同上，多指與日常生活中的一般事物有關(guān)的情況。前兩者有書面語色彩。

The minister personally explained the matter to the ambassadors.How do matters /things stand with them? Things got much better later on.Things are well again with us.What’s the state of affairs? He told us how affairs stood in the countryside.3)facts, conditions 當“情況”在具體語境中有事實或條件的意味時，可酌情。

We must determine working policies in the light of actual conditions.Conditions are changing all the time.No uniformity should be imposed since conditions vary from place to place.In view of the above-mentioned facts, we wish to make the following proposals.4)circumstances 周圍的事態(tài)狀態(tài)。多用在作狀語的慣用搭配中。Under no circumstances In/under certain circumstances In the present/prevailing circumstances Under such circumstances Under similar circumstances In these circumstances only three courses are open to us.Under the circumstances we had to give up the plan.In such circumstances we can’t afford to wait any longer.5)略而不譯

關(guān)于那件事的情況，請你告訴我。

please inform me as touching the matter.今天早晨病人的情況加重了。

The patient is getting worse this morning.u 管理

管理生產(chǎn)（公司。旅店，商店）___________ production, company, hotel, business 管理華僑事務 ___________ affairs concerning overseas Chinese 管理群眾生活 _____________ the everyday life of the masses 管理家務 __________ the household 管理學校 ___________ a school 管理城市 _____________ a city 1)manager 側(cè)重對business的管理，即對生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)或各類經(jīng)濟實體的管理

I don’t think he is able to manage such a big factory./farm,/store The hotel is badly managed.The major corporation is managed by a board of three directors.2)administer 側(cè)重指對于affair的管理，因而與非生產(chǎn)性單位的行政事務有關(guān)的管理，則多用administer.有些句子兼有上述兩種色彩，所以可以兼用。

A government that is badly administered can never be expected to last long.In our country it is people who administer the affairs of the state.In many Japanese homes the funds/the financial affairs are administered by the wife.3)run=be in the charge of 不管是對business還是affairs的管理，均可以用run表示。漢語“管理”和run有全方面對等的關(guān)系。有明顯的口語色彩。

Mr.Wang has been running this factory/company/theatre/school/publishing house for more than 20 years.People have the right to run their own affairs.An old woman runs the house for me.4)govern法制管理，rule意志管理。兩者都是權(quán)力性管理。而manager和administer是專業(yè)性管理和行政性管理。注意這句話：The country is ruled but not governed.In fact, the city is governed by nobody.The new president governs the beautiful country.The headmaster ruled the school with a firm hand.4)control/have control over 突出控制

look after,突出關(guān)照料理 regulate, 強調(diào)“調(diào)節(jié)” supervise,，突出督察

operate，作為“管理”的對等詞，是美國人常用的表達法。我認為類似于中國人說的“運作” The new teacher has a good control over the graduation class.The Education Department effectively controls all the schools in the city.The department is operated directly by the president.Looking after the everyday life of the masses is of great importance.其他高頻詞匯—— u 各種各樣

1)all kinds of, all sorts of, 2)all manner of多用于口語。

My grandfather has seen all manner of men.All manner of things were happening.All manner of questions, all manner of excuses for being late/absence Of every description/of all descriptions The department store has goods of all descriptions.There are people of all descriptions.Our library has magazines of every description.3)various, a variety of,側(cè)重于指一種東西的兩個或多個不同的品種，或不同的表現(xiàn)形式，或同一件事在細節(jié)上的差別。表明多樣化的同時，又強調(diào)差別的意味。Various accounts of the incident were reported.Various interpretations were attempted to account for the experimental result but with no avail.Iron has a variety of use.4)diverse, a diversity,強調(diào)性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或形式上的全然不同。The European people speak diverse languages.A person of diverse interests can talk on many subjects.5)mixed，常喻指事物的多樣化或感情上的悲喜交織。

The play? It was a mixed experience.Some parts were a deadly bore, but others were interesting.A mixed feeling.u 大概

1)probably, presumably, maybe有……的可能性。可能。2)about, approximate, approximately, 3)or so, or thereabout, in the rough, more or less, before or after 4)a dozen or so The teacher is forty or thereabout The dictionary is worth ten yuan in the rough.I still have more or less twenty pages to cover.We’ll be through with our work before or after the end of this month.5)some, some around,后者為美國用法。It must be somewhere round 6.The delegation will arrive somewhere about 9 o’ clock.That was some twenty years ago.As to the attack plan, the commander gave us only a brief account.From the report we could draw only a general picture.The author of the article has made only a rough estimate about the situation.Everybody acknowledge that Newton was a great man;yet few people have more than the vaguest acquaintance with his living personality.u 非常

1)very, very much greatly, terribly, deeply, awfully, highly, frightfully, simply, badly, vastly, extremely, immensely, … We need this dictionary badly.I am awfully sorry for it.2)注意：most在某些情況下也有非常的意思，不用定冠詞the的時候。

This is a most interesting film.就相當于我們中國人說，這是一部頂頂有趣的電影。并不表示最高程度，而是非常的意思。Iron is most useful.The design of an aircraft is a most complicated matter.3)but too…to, only too… to We are but too glad to do so.We are only too pleased to work together with the workers.I am only too glad to go there.We shall be only too pleased to hear from you.4)more than We are more than willing to see him here again.Everybody was more than happy to hear of your success in the experiment.The soldiers were more than brave.5)用反身代詞itself表示終極概念。相當于我們中國人說“極其”。The newly built bridge is magnificence itself.To the people, he is loyalty itself.Our English teacher is patience itself.He boasted that his wife was beauty itself.6)另一些比較奇特的表達：

He is burning with jealousy.The little boy is burning with desire for study.This book is ever so interesting.Students are ever so diligent.He is even such a clever boy.It is even such a useful tool.Everybody enjoyed himself ever so at the evening party.Box at the opera costs no end.He has no end of books.I am hungry to death.I’m enjoying my trip up to the handle.He was tired to the world.7)As they come, as the day is long怎么翻譯？ Tom was as clever as they come.At that moment he felt as happy as the day was long.Away off in a big city there was a young girl.She was as pretty as the day way long.He is as happy as the day is long.He is as honest as the day is long.一般詞典都找不到。但在20世紀現(xiàn)代英美文學作品當中，這些慣用語早已被廣泛使用。程度比very, greatly重。

8)你可以使用一些詞語，讓表達更生動： They were working as blazes.That boy was running as hell.The enemies are all as tricky as monkey.That old man was as mad as the devil.Xiao Zhang is a storehouse of information.The professor is really a walking dictionary.Never mind about him.The man is a back number.u 量詞的使用： 1)一口

a mouthful/drink/sip/gulp of water a sip of brandy/tea, a gulp of milk a mouthful/breath of fresh air a mouthful/morsel of food，后者是一小口的意思 taking a deep pull or two of smoke, he said, “…” a suck of wine/smoke/tea，不大的一口。a drain of beer/water/gin.a swallow of, 慢慢吞咽的一口，a draught of 一飲而盡的一口。2)一群

a crowd/group/host(許多大量)of people, a galaxy of，星系，天河，褒義，想想中文中的“燦若星河”。往往用來比喻出色或著名的人物的群。

A galaxy of talents, a galaxy of beauties A troop of, 正在進行中人或動物的群，a swarm of蜂擁而至

A multitude of animals/people/islands，不像crowd那樣擁擠，have enough space A throng of people/ film fans，為數(shù)眾多的擠在一處。

A band/gang of, 輕蔑色彩。+ gangsters, thieves, robbers, convicts A flock of sheep/geese/ducks/goats/hens…飛鳥家禽，羊群。A herd of cattle, buffaloes/elephants.大動物的群，牛馬 A pack of wolves/hounds A swarm of ants/flies/bees A cluster of butterflies/bees/bright stars A school/shoal of fish 較為形象的一些量詞：替代a large area of… a vast stretch of turf/woods an expanse of green crops

a cloud of dust a scene of prosperity/desolation/bumper harvest a hive of activity, a veil of silence 3)其他

a batch of books/ letters/ documents/ goods/recruits a stock of goods a load of goods/furniture a crop of promising football players.A whole set of policies/selected works of Lu Xun/stamps A pack/tissue of lies A loaf of cheese A nice cut of meat/pork A chop of beef一塊帶骨頭的牛肉。

A bar of chocolate, a cake of soap/ clay A cube/lump(沒有固定形狀)of sugar A dollop of ice cream/ pudding/ cheese

a burst of laughter/merriment/tears/thunder/applause/crackers眼淚奪眶而出

an outburst of cheers/anger a flood of rain/light/tears/anger淚如泉涌 a spell of warm/cold/fine/bad weather/drought a fit of acute pain/rage/coughing/laziness/madness/despair疾病，感情

a gust of rain/smoke/fier/wind風雨雹煙火等猛烈突發(fā) a stab of anxiety/envy/joy一陣突然而強烈的感情

4)在閱讀中尋找好詞

喜歡，對……有興趣have the appetite for adventure, a strong desire foràa keen appetite for 放棄desert, desert our ideals 堅持不懈的努力great effortàunremitting endeavor 存在competition would never enter in.很重要Achievement counts for a great deal.極其，非常overwhelming strong 美妙fantasyàecstasy 理解apprehend 管理governàhold sway above 我們應該it is well that… should 對……毫不在乎not give a fig for 不重要of small account 因為for the sake of 極度緊張a bundle of nerves 痛苦agonizing 你在想什么？What was going through your mind? 繼續(xù)proceed with 震驚startle 同情compassion 生命逝去die, pass awayàLife flickers out.有益身心beneficial to both mind and bodyàwhole 藏hideàtuck away 普遍的natural beauty is an all-pervading presence.合適的congenial to 勝利triumph 遠離keep away fromàshrink away from 不時sometimesàat intervals 總是time and time again 一見如故Peter and I clicked straight away.找出find outàfigure out 舉個小小的例子to take a trivial instance 寫下set down 有名的eminent 形容房間很舒服the room is cozy and inviting?comfortable

文章功能來看，我們可把這10大類文章歸為三種類型：解決問題、論證觀點、闡述現(xiàn)象。其中第一類具有解決問題功能的短文包括了：

1、身體健康類；

2、職業(yè)道德類；

3、人口增長類；

4、環(huán)境保護類。第二類具有論證觀點功能的短文包括了：

5、情感類；

8、人生價值類。第三類具有闡述現(xiàn)象功能的短文包括了：

6、文化交流類；

7、教育類；

9、家庭關(guān)系類；

10、社會熱點類。需要說明的是，以上分類并不是具有絕對意義的，譬如一些身體健康類的話題也可能適合以論證觀點的短文模板來套用。我們這里所說的是指大致的分類和適用范圍。除了以上三項功能，我們還將在本部分的最后列出兩個具有對比論證功能的模板。雖然自從1997 年以來的歷年短文題目中沒有出現(xiàn)要求進行對比論證的話題，但是考生仍然應該有所準備，因為對比論證是英文寫作的一種重要寫作手法，需要引起一定的重視。

1、身體健康類 模板1：

The picture.What is strikingly noticeable is , but it can be easily explained by shown in the picture.The discernable unhealthiness discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in the China’s.One the one hand,.On the other hand,.As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture tells us.The situation is rather depressing because , and it is largely owing to.To solve the problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend , and those who should be rewarded with good living and working conditions.（參見范文2）

模板2：

In the picture, we are amazed to find that.It clearly tells us that in the domain of , there are.has long been a problem since , and are turning to be an increasingly severe problem because of.Besides, there are more reasons responsible for this issue.Firstly,.Secondly,.Thirdly,.Judging from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting problem demands effective counter-measures.Most importantly, the government needs to implement sufficiently relevant laws and regulations in order to enhance the strength of.In addition, all residents should be aware of.（參見范文8）

2、職業(yè)道德類 模板1：

We can see from the picture that , but.If , he would surely express.There are three reasons to explain why it happens to.Firstly, , which resulted from.Secondly, though ,.Consequently,.Thirdly,.I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon.Firstly, we need to endeavor to advocate.Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society.Only through the combined efforts can we eliminate this “tumor” forcefully and completely.（參見范文6）

模板2：

As is shown in the cartoon,.Take in the cartoon for example.This phenomenon appears commonly in our daily life.Nowadays,.Instead, they only try their best to Such deeds not only , but also.Therefore, it is of great significance to take actions to change this phenomenon.First and foremost,.In addition,.All these steps can help guarantee a solid economic order and a harmonious society.（參見范文8）

3、人口增長類 模板1：

The picture depicts a scene in which.The scene is presented in an artistic and ironic manner.Crowds of people are crammed in.Further examination reveals that.Apparently, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day suffer from the exhaustion of earth resources.Take for example.Given the fact that , we find that.To make it worse,.If the conflict between population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controlled, we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards human’s future on Earth.Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is,.Accordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggressive programs to address this fatal contradiction.（參見范文3）

模板2：

Basically, what we see in this cartoon is.The interestingly echos the.while we can imagine.We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population.The striking point is that.As a result,.On the contrary,.The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole of human race..Hence, mankind should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure the prosperity of our future on this planet.（參見范文2）

4、環(huán)境保護類 模板1：

This is a very interesting piece of cartoon, in thanks to.Hence,.Though being a little exaggerating, the cartoon illuminates a serious fact that , and for that matter,.A recent report also supported this view by.On the contrary, we are sad to perceive that.Therefore, in my opinion, it is already high time for the whole world to form a solid cooperation fighting against , because not a single government or person can be exempt from its harm.A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently implemented to control.（參見范文2）

模板2：

Nowadays, lots of people have the illusion that.Just as what is shown in the picture,.This is a very serious social problem.Compared with other countries, China.If everybody behaves in this way, it would be far beyond the country’s capacity to.Moreover, it was reported that.Meanwhile,.Also,.Though , it is never the only way.What’s important, to solve these problems depends largely on our responsibility for society and environment.If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, the achievement of harmony between man and the environment will not be far away.（參見范文7）

5、情感類 模板1：

As is shown in the picture above,.Obviously from we can surmise that.It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of.As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,.Additionally, we can also hear many stories about.Not to mention those moving cases of.All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a.By , people not only harvest , but also gain that can never be purchased via money.（參見范文7）

模板2：

, just as is depicted in the picture.It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to.It is rather good news to.The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,.Moreover, there are.In addition, we should not forget.is a good way to express human love.To some extent, it also reflects individuals’ sense of social responsibility.It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is.Therefore, I strongly advocate that.I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of.6、文化交流類 模板1：

It is a very eye-catching photo in which.What makes this picture extraordinary is , which clearly indicates.The sense of that permeates this picture is representative of , that is, , and therefore,.China, in particular,.The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by.While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary.is not only featured by , but more importantly, by.I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.（參見范文1）模板2：

What is presented here is a very interesting scenario..From the subtitle we can infer that.Conspicuously,.We can deduce from the picture that.It partly owes to , and partly to.Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating.For example,.From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witness.To sum up,.As for China,.Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.（參見范文3）

7、教育類 模板1：

As the title indicates, “ ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that.It is discernable that.The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is,.That is to say,.Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects.Firstly,.Secondly,.Last but not the least,.In my point of view, , but it is only part of the picture.On the other hand,.Therefore, it is an urgent task to.As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.模板2：

The picture shows.symbolizes.As is quoted in the picture,.It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast with.One the one hand, the problem partially attributes to.Sometimes.On the other hand,.For example, , while.In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect.proves to be most beneficial to students.Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue.（參見范文4）

8、人生價值類 模板1：

As the old Chinese saying goes,.It echoes with this picture in which.The title of the picture further points out that.The picture is meant to.As far as I am concerned, I think.This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of , where.A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of., for example,.The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from.（參見范文5）

模板2：

From the picture we can perceive that.What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that.It is known to all that , but it seems.The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that.Ultimately, the trend boils down to.Accordingly,.To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking.In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating.First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus that.Besides, an awareness of should be infused into everybody’s mind.（參見范文6）

9、家庭關(guān)系類 模板1：

The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene.The artist purposefully exaggerates.This picture reveals the in-depth problem of.In fact,.There are two reasons for this.The first and perhaps most important is that.The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view..It owes to.In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our.What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that,.Therefore, I strongly contend that.模板2：

There is a popular Chinese song, named “ ”, which encourages.However,the in the picture does but for a very different reason—.From the facial expression of we can read.Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today’s society, for which are responsible.For one thing,.For another,.As a matter of fact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnesses a deterioration of.The above analysis is best exemplified by.In my opinion, the awareness of is elementary for paving the way towards success.（參見范文6）

10、社會熱點類 模板1：

The two pictures illustrate vividly.In the left picture , while in the right.From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of.Aside from , another telling example is , which was so successful in that.The pictures also make it obvious that we should.Admittedly, it is natural that.Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to.In my opinion, what’s the more important is to.In short,.（參見范文1）

模板2： It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem:.In this drawing,.Even.It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of.Though the drawing is a little exaggerating, it is not rare for us to find in.If we let this situation of continues, it not only harms , but also prevents.Accordingly, we urgently call for.Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations, it still failz to.In my opinion, this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits.I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible.（參見范文5）

比較類 模板1：

According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that.In the left picture,.A the same time, as the right one shows.Different people have different views on.Some people support by claiming that.In their opinion,.In addition,.Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who.Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for , sometimes for , sometimes simply for.In my point of view, both sides are partly right.To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision.Therefore, my conclusion would be that.模板2：

From the drawing, we can learn that.It can be seen easily that..We can deduce from that people’s opinion on vary from person to person.Some people take it for granted that.For example, they firmly believe that.But they often neglect that fact that.Yet there are also another group of people who hold a different point of view.They think that.Beside,.Personally, my attitude for this matter is positive, with reasons as follows.Firstly,.Moreover,.Lastly,.Therefore,