第一篇：大副必須知道的專業面試問題

2、大副

(1)對一般干散貨船而言，表征其重量性能的指標有：排水量和載重量。

(2)根據我國《鋼質海船人級與建造規范》的規定，船尺度根據不同的用途和計量方法可為：登記尺度、最大尺度和船型尺度。

(3)沿船舶的設計水線（或夏季滿載水線）由首柱前緣到舵柱后緣或舵桿中心線的水平距離為船舶的：①型長；②兩柱間長；③垂線間長。

(4)在船舶要素中，船舶的主尺度包括船長、船寬、型深和型吃水。

(5)船舶的空船重量包括：①鍋爐中的燃料、冷凝器中水的重量及備件；②船體、機器設備及船舶舾裝的重量。

(6)普通貨船的船舶常數C是指船舶測定船舶常數時的空船重量與船舶新出廠時空船重量的差值。

(7)船舶總載重量DW是指:在任一水線時船舶所能裝載的最大重量。

(8)船舶的每厘米吃水噸數 TPC曲線的用途主要是計算船舶平均吃水及裝載量的變化值。

(9)開航前加裝油水時盡量將艙柜加滿有利于減小自由液面對穩性的影響。

(10)向下移動貨物一定使船舶的穩性變小。(11)將艙內貨物由二層艙移到底艙，船舶重心不變。

(12)在靜穩性曲線圖上可以求得：①極限靜傾角；②最小傾覆力矩；③船舶的甲板浸水角。

(13)船舶擱淺后，吃水差變化趨勢不定。

(14)船舶每厘米縱傾力矩MTC與吃水的關系不能確定。(15)船舶精確的首吃水應為：首垂線上水面與基線間的距離.(16)各層甲板中強度最大的一層甲板是強力甲板。

(17)裝運危險貨物的船舶，事先必須申請檢驗并取得船舶裝運危險品合格證書，才可承運危險貨物。

(18)海運危險貨物的標記、標志和標牌，要求保持其永久性，即使其在海水中至少浸泡_三個月_仍然清晰可辨。

(19)失去控制的船舶是指由于異常情況_而不能按本規則要求進行操縱，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。

(20)號燈的顯示時間應包括：①能見度不良的白天；②日沒到日出；③其它認為有必要的情況下。

(21)白天在能見度不良水域航行時，可視需要開啟航行燈。(22)舷燈的水平光弧顯示范圍為：正前方到各自一舷正橫后22.5度。

(23)拖帶燈是指具有與尾燈相同特性的黃燈。

(24)機動船從事海上拖帶時，在白天應懸掛當長度超過200米時，應懸掛一個菱形體。

(25)在海上，當你看到來船的號燈僅為紅、紅、白垂直三盞燈，則來船為：失控船在航對水移動。

(26)哪些船舶互見中按規則準許向右轉向時應鳴放一短聲：①用機器推進的從事捕魚的船舶；②限于吃水的船舶；③從事拖帶作業的船舶；④從事清除水雷作業的船舶。

(27)L≥12米的船舶，應配備一個號鐘，一個號笛。(28)互見中相互駛近的船舶，無法了解對方的意圖時，應鳴放的聲號至少是5短聲。

(29)當你聽到從右首舷彎道后面傳來一長聲聲號，你應：①回答一長聲，并向左轉向；②回答一長聲，繼續保持在水道右側行駛。

(30)霧中聽到他船鳴放“·—·”時，表示該船為錨泊船。(31)霧中發放聲號的時間間隔每次不超過號笛為2分鐘，號鐘、號鑼均為1分鐘。

(32)操縱能力受到限制船，錨泊中執行任務，當時能見度不良，應鳴放一長兩短的笛號。

(33)你船霧中錨泊于海上，聽到他船的霧號越來越響并致有構成碰撞危險時，你船除了鳴放規定的鐘號、鑼號外，還可使用哪種信號來表示你船的存在？汽笛發出“·一·”聲號。

(34)正規了望的最基本手段是視覺。

(35)“了望條款”的目的是對當時的局面及碰撞危險作出充分的估計。

(36)在決定安全航速時，應考慮的首要因素是能見度情況。(37)判斷碰撞危險的最好方法是羅經方位判斷法。(38)航海上常用的求風流合壓差的方法有：①物標的正橫方位與最小距離方位法；②單物標三方位求航跡向法。

(39)航行中的航線或推算航跡可以認為是不是船位線也不是位置線。

(40)船舶排水量一定時，燃料消耗應與船速的立方成正比。(41)過淺灘時的最小富裕水深用公式求得時應考慮船尾快速下坐因素來確定。

(42)某輪使用回聲測深儀測得讀數為3米，吃水為7米，當時潮高為l米，則當時的海圖水深為9米。

(43)定位后應在航海日志上填寫觀測的原始數據及有關改正量。(44)中版海圖上某處注有20，表示該處為未測到底水深。(45)孤立危險物標志夜問發出聯閃兩次白光。

(46)夜間用燈塔燈光進行方位定向定位時應先測閃光周期長的燈塔。

(47)三條同一時刻的船位線相交在一點，你應認為其交點僅僅是最或然船位。

(48)在無線電自差表中，以什么為引數查取無線電自差？羅航向。

(49)正常情況下利用雷達定位時，哪種方法所確定的船位最為準確？雷達兩距離定位。

(50)單一位置線的用途是：①可以縮小推算船位的誤差范圍；②可以判定船舶左右偏離航線情況；③可以作避險線。(51)利用雷達測物標的距離時，一船用活動距標相切于物標影像的前沿。

(52)當船舶向海里排放垃圾時，垃圾記錄簿應記錄哪些內容？①排放的日期和時間；②垃圾種類。

(53)當船舶向岸上或其他船舶排放垃圾時，哪些內容應記入垃圾記錄簿? ①排放的日期、時間及港口或船舶的名稱；②垃圾種類段每種垃圾的排放量；③負責排放的高級船員的簽字。

(54)根據規定，已經簽證的船舶，出港前出現哪種情況時應重新辦理簽證？ ①船長變動；②船舶用途改變。

(55)根據規定，進行明火作業時可燃氣體濃度不大于爆炸下限的5%。

(56)自做航線天氣預報，最重要的圖是高空預報圖。

(57)大氣層結構穩定度主要取決于大氣中溫度隨高度的變化情況。

(58)主要天氣現象發生在哪一層？對流層。(59)氣壓隨高度的變化值為近地面大，高空小。

(60)一船發現另一船的兩盞桅燈和兩盞舷燈，應認定追越。(錯)(61)對遇局面中的機動船是指除失控船、操限船、從事捕魚船外的任何用機器推進的船舶。(對)(62)讓路船的行動是應盡可能及早采取大幅度行動，寬裕地讓請他船。(對)(63)直航船“獨自采取操縱行動，以避免碰撞”的時機為當發現讓路船顯然未遵照規則規定采取讓路行動時。(對)(64)我國在承認1966年《國際載重線公約》的附則時，聲明有保留，我國認為沿海區域應為季節熱帶區域。(對)(65)國際航行船舶的載重線標志中，北大西洋冬季載重線，是以標有BDD的水平線段表示的。(錯)(66)船舶的登記噸位是指船舶根據《法定規則》的各項規定的以容積為丈量單位專用噸位。（對）

(67)船舶的首垂線是指過首柱前緣與夏季載重線的交點所做的垂線。(對)(68)修船時大副在出塢前和進塢后會同船長、輪機長檢查船殼和水線以下各種裝置。(對)(69)可用任何筆記錄航海日志。(錯)(70)停泊時每日記錄氣象的時間為0800、1200、1600。(對)(71)船舶垃圾記錄簿用完后保存2年。(對)(72)大副在船舶保養與修理方面的職責？

大副在船舶保養與修理方面的職責有：負責編制甲板部的年度、航次維修保養計劃，按計劃對救生消防堵漏設備進行維修保養，使其處于良好的技術狀態、每航次結束后，填制甲板部航次維修工作報告。

(73)根據規定，船舶發生海上交通事故，必須立即用有效手段扼要報告下列哪些內容？①船舶的名稱、呼號，國籍和起迄港；②船舶的所有人或經營人名稱；③事故發生的時問、地點、海況及船舶的損害程度、救助要求等。(74)根據規定，進行明火作業應具備的技術條件包括？①可燃氣體濃度不大于爆炸下限的5%；②施工現場要清除易燃、易爆物品，備足有效的消防器材；③作業前應查清作業面的反面和四周無易燃、易爆物品；④明火作業前應取得船檢部門簽發的《船舶可燃氣體清除證書》。

(75)SMS體系的方針、目標？

方針：安全第一，預防為主；珍惜生命，保障健康；尊重自然，愛護環境。

目標：實施1SM和NSM規則的目標是：

①保證海上和水上安全；②防止人員傷亡；③避免對環境，特別是對海洋環境和水域造成危害以及對財產造成的損失。

第二篇：船長必須知道的專業面試問題

船長

（1）船長的基本職責有：①應確保值班安排足以保證船舶安全；②采取有效措施防止疲勞操作； ③負責船舶經營管理，與貨方簽訂運輸合同。

（2）船長的基本職責包括：①保管船舶公章、船舶與船員證書；②實施和監控SM體系；③防止船員酗酒使值班船員血液中的酒精含量不超過規定標準。

（3）船長的基本職責應包括：①防止超載、超員；②防止水域污染。

（4）屬于船長應審閱并簽署的船舶文書有：①航海日志；②油類記錄簿； ③車鐘記錄。

（5）船長在開航前的職責是：①確認全部船員已經回船； ②確認無關人員已經離船，防止偷渡。

（6）船長在船舶航行中應做到：①檢查和督促值班駕駛員運用各種方法測定船位，保持計劃航線；②督促駕駛員及時用各種方法接收氣象信息。

（7）航行中遇有哪些情況值班駕駛員應通知機艙做好準備并報告船長？①能虬度不良時；②進入狹水道或交通頻繁的海區時；③情況緊急時。

（8）根據規定，船舶在哪些情況下，需要駕駛臺應提前通知機艙準備?①接近錨地或引航站；②通過狹水道、淺灘、危險水域；③進出港口。（9）船長在職務調動交接時的職責包括：①船體強度狀況；②船員的適任狀況；③機電設備技術狀況。

（10）船長在職務調動交接時的職責包括：①交接船舶證書及其有效期； ②現存的燃油、淡水和壓載情況。

（11）按照SOLAS公約規定，操舵裝置的試驗和操作要求有哪些？①船舶開航前12小時內應對操舵裝置進行檢查和試驗；②試驗和演習的日期應記入航海日志。

（12）ISM規則的內容包括：①船舶和公司同時建立安全管理體系； ②指定與公司和船舶之間進行聯系的岸上人員。

（13）安全管理發證的正確敘述為：①“符合證明”(DOC)由主管機關簽發給符合1SM規則的公司；②安全管理證書”(SMC)由主管機關簽發給已經按照安全管理體系運作的船舶； ③DOC和SMC的有效期均為5年，臨時SMC有效期不超過6個月。

（14）當PS C檢查時發現哪些情況時可不準船舶開航？①船舶所屬公司沒有DOC;②沒有執行安全管理體系。

（15）根據我國”船舶安全管理體系認證規范”的規定，船級社對船舶的安全管理體系的審核有：①初次審核②附加審核。

（16）為了防止值班人員疲勞，STVW公約規定值班人員每天10小時的最短休息時間可被減至連續的6小時，條件是這種減少不得超過2天，并且7天內的休息時間不少于70小時。

（17）我國《海上交通安全法》對船員的要求包括：①滿足最低安全配員的要求；②船員必須經相應的技術培訓的要求；③船員必須進行安全操作的要求。

（18）根據規定，船舶發生海上交通事故，必須立即用有效手段扼要報告哪些內容？①船舶的名稱、呼號，國籍和起迄港；②船舶的所有人或經營人名稱；③事故發生的時間、地點、海況及船舶的損害程度，救助要求等。

（19）某輪以相同的轉速航行，推力的正確敘述是：隨著船速的提高推力下降。

(20)測定船舶沖程時應選無風流影響，水深應不低于3Dd_。（21）影響興波阻力的大小是：船首越窄興波阻力越小。（22）航行中的船舶，如太接近水道一側時將會產生的現象是：由于轉頭力矩的作用，使首轉向航道中央。

（23）前進中船舶產生逆風偏轉現象的是快速船。

（24）舵效與船舶的縱、橫傾有關，橫傾時向低舷側轉舵，舵效較差。

（25）為使被拖船具有最大的轉船力矩，拖輪的作用點應原離被拖船中心為好，且拖力方面盡量與被拖船的首尾面垂直。

（26）船舶在港內操縱時，為了增加舵效，可以提高舵速來增加旋回力矩，應采取的正確措施是：加大螺旋槳轉速。

（27）從船舶操縱性來看，肥大豐滿的船具有T大的特點，瘦削型船具有K大的特點。

（28）若T為負值時，則說明該輪是：不具備航向穩定性。（29）在彎曲水道中的水流方向是：漲流與落流都沖向凹岸一邊。（30）順流拋錨掉頭的操作步驟為：停車淌航，作舵，短暫倒車，拋錨。

（31）在大風浪中順浪航行的條件是：①波長小于船長時；②波長大大超過船長時。

（32）在北半球臺風的危險半圓是指臺風的右半圓。

（33）在北半球可航半圓內避臺操縱法是：①使右首受風頂風滯航；②使右尾受風駛離。

（34）海上拖帶中發生偏蕩應采取的措施是：①改變拖船航速； ②被拖船注入壓載水，以增加吃水。

（35）判斷一船是否為限于吃水的船舶應考慮的因素是：①吃水和可航水域的寬度、水深的關系；②在考慮吃水與可航水域的水深和寬度的關系時，更主要的是可航水域的寬度而不是水深。

（36）能見度不良是指：能見距離受到限制的情況。

（37）在海上，看到來船的號燈為紅、綠、白垂直三盞燈，則來船為：在航帆船。

（38）拖帶燈是指具有：與尾燈相同特性的黃燈。

（39）機動船當拖帶長度超過200米時，應顯示：以三盞桅燈取代后桅燈或前桅燈。

（40）一艘”失控船”在航處于被拖帶時應顯示舷燈與尾燈。（41）機動船從事海上拖帶時，在白天應懸掛：當長度超過200米時，應懸掛一個菱形體。

（42）在海上，當你看到來船的號燈僅為紅、紅、白垂直三盞燈，則來船為：失控船在航對水移動。

（43）當你看到三個垂直黑球，它表示：一船處于擱淺。（44）擱淺船應：除按同等長度船舶顯示錨燈之外，另應顯示兩盞垂直環照紅燈。

（45）在海上用雷達協助避讓時，如用降速，應至少降速多少才能作為寬讓？原航速的1/2。

（46）在能見度不良的水域中，一船在雷達上發覺與正前方或接近正前方的來船不能避免緊迫局面時，應將航速減到維持航向的最小速度。

（47）當一船聽到“·—·”的霧號顯示在本船的正前方，且該船在事先未采取雷達探測，則①立即停車，并維持航向；②必要時，應把船完全停住。

（48）主要天氣現象發生在對流層。

（49）氣壓隨高度變化值為：近地面大，高空小。

（50）地轉風的風壓的關系是：背風而立，北半球：高壓在右，低壓在左，南半球：高壓在左，低壓在右。

（51）在整個北半球范圍內，從南到北構成了大氣的”三圈環流”即：①低緯環流，②中緯環流，③高緯環流，其中①和③是”正環流”，②是”反環流”。

（52）哪些霧的形成是經過空氣冷卻過程的？輻射霧，平流霧（53）在做海霧判測時，必須符合海水表層水溫低于空氣的露點溫度才有海霧生成。（54）在某高空圖上，你看到等高線分別用296，300，304等數值表示，此高空圖為：700hpa等壓面圖。

（55）航跡推算一般應在船駛出引航水域并測得航位后立即開始推算。

（56）航海上常用的求風流合壓差的方法有：①物標的正橫方位與最小距離方位法;②單物標三方位求航跡向法.（57）陸標方位定位時，有遠近不等的數個物標分布在船的周圍，在選取物標時應盡量選取離船近些的物標，才能提高定位精度。

（58）用疊標導航駛離港口時，如發現后標在前標的左邊，你船應向右轉舵。

（59）測深辯位時應垂直于等深線測定。

（60）在利用浮標導航時，應按本船計劃航線航行。（61）船舶排水量一定時，燃料消耗應與船速的立方成正比。(62)“航路指南”的作用是補充海圖資料的不足。

（63）船速15節以下，沿岸航行定位時間要求每隔1/2小時定位一次。

（64）狹水道按導標航行時，其要點是保持導標方位不變。（65）島礁區航行轉向時，為避開新航線正橫附近的危險物，轉向物標必須選在：在新航線前方附近。

（66）過淺灘時的最小富裕水深用公式求得時應考慮哪些因素來確定？船尾快速下坐。

（67）“安全航速”是指允許有充分時間，以便能采取適當而有效的行動（包括把船停?。┮员苊馀鲎驳乃俣?。（錯）

（68）高空等壓面天氣圖上，表征流場形式的等值線是等高線。(對)（69）船舶發生碰撞且某船撞入他船船體時，該船應采取的操縱措施是：立即開微進車頂住對方，減少進水量。(對)（70）沿岸航線應設計在20米等深線之外。(對)（71）在淺水域拋錨時，最大水深不得超過一舷錨鏈總長的1/4，否則將會影響錨的抓力。(對)（72）沿岸航線即使在最佳條件下，離開危險物的距離也應在1海里以上。(對)（73）航行中的航線或推算航跡可以認為是位置線的一種。(錯)（74）船舶在我國沿海水域發生海上交通事故時，應在進入我國第一港口后12小時內呈報”海上交通事故報告書”。(對)（75）拋八字錨應保持兩鏈間的合適夾角是60度—90度。(對)（76）港區錨地，由于船舶密集，水域有限，單錨泊所需的水域的半徑按L+(60—90)m估算。(對)（77）你船在沿海航行時遇到大風暴，需到附近以前未去過的港口避風，為了安全，你在進港避風前，應做哪些工作？

①了解海圖，航路指南，潮汐等港口情況； ②注意附近海區有否障礙物； ③選定航向時要考慮安全：

④在港內，考慮到避風船可能密集，所以在選定避風錨地應考慮多種方案。

（78）臺風襲來前的天氣和海浪的預兆是什么？

①氣象：在距臺風中心約500海里時，正常的天色轉變成好象早晚霞一般的顏色，一般在距臺風中心500海里的地方，天空出現絲狀或條狀卷云，見到高云有從東往西移動的現象，當地的盛行風如出現不正常的現象；②海浪：如果發現無風來長浪，就說明遠處有臺風存在。從涌浪的來向可以判斷臺風中心所在方向，如果涌浪來向比較穩定，且涌高逐漸變大，說明臺風正在接近。

（79）為了減輕拍底，船舶應： ①保持船首吃水大于1/2滿載吃水； ②避免縱搖和垂蕩出現諧搖； ③降低船速，使F-y一0.1。（80）SMS體系的方針、目標？

方針：安全第一，預防為主；珍惜生命，保障健康；尊重自然，愛護環境。

目標：公司實施ISM和NSM規則的目標是： ①保證海上和水上安全： ②防止人員傷亡：

③避免對環境，特別是對海洋環境和水域造成危害以及對財產造成的損失。

第三篇：大副面試問題

1.Can you tell me about your educational background and working experience? A reference answer: I graduated from Jimei Navigation College in 1992.I studied there for three years.I have worked as a seamen on eight ships for nearly ten years.I have the experience of Chief Officer for two ships.I have worked both Chinese and foreign shipowners in the past ten years.2.Can you tell me the responsibilities of the Chief Officer? Under the leadership of the Master, the Chief Officer shall carry out the daily management of the deck department, and he is also responsible for cargo handling.The specific duties include:(1)watch-keeping from 0400-0800 hours and 1600-2000 hours;(2)safety of the ship and work place, safety equipment;(3)daily safety and sanitary inspection;(4)store and spare parts inventory management;(5)maintenance on deck;(6)stowage plan making;(7)supervision of the loading and unloading process;(8)cargo caring on board;(9)some other work and duties designated by the master of the vessel.3.Can you talk about the previous vessels(last vessel)you worked on board? It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe.It was an old ship about 14 years old.But the general condition of the ship was quite good because we did very good maintenance work ob board.4.What types of cargoes have ever been carried on board your last vessel? I have worked on bulk carriers and general cargo vessels and I have experienced a lot of cargo handling.這是一個很重要的問題,因為大副的一個很重要職務便是貨物管理。大副應該對不同貨物的 裝卸、配載、保管、單據、保險等相關問題有所了解。5.Where was your last vessel's trading(plying, sailing)area? It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe.She has ever been to New Orleans, Long Beach, New York, Rotterdam, Hamburg and so on.6.Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews? What were their nationalities? The last two vessels I worked on had crew from several countries.The masters were from Indian, the Chief Engineers were from Hong Kong and Philippine and other seamen were from China, Indian Burma and Vietnam.中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列大副面試問題及參考答案第 2 頁 “中國海員之家”網站(http://www.tmdps.cn)搜集整理出品,更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

7.Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan? Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo, loading and discharging ports rotation, I shall calculate the volume of the cargo that is to be loaded into different holds.Then I shall calculate the draft of the vessel and trimming, shear force, bending moment to meet the requirements of the ship.At last, stowage plan is made based on these factors.8.What does a stowage factor of mean? A stowage factor of any cargo is the figure that expresses the number of cubic units of measure needed to accommodate one unit of weight-how many cubic meters is needed to stow one metric ton of certain goods.Stowage factors should include allowance for dunnage, irregular size of certain goods, pallets and something else.Even the most carefully determined stowage factor is not absolute and it should be used only as a guide while planning cargo disposition.9.If there happens stevedore damage to cargo, equipment or ship' s structure in the loading or discharging ports, what should you do? If damage happens, I must record it first and then report it in an appropriate written form to the master and other parties concerned.The report must be signed by the liable parties admitting they have(or have not)responsibility for the damage.The damage report shall be carefully worded and shall be supported with photos and other evidence, if any.The damage report should also include the following contents: ship’s name, voyage number, date, geographical location, name of the person who took the photos and his signature, location where the photo was taken, and what is intended to show.10.What precautions do you have to take before cargo operation is carried out? I shall check the pre-cargo operation check lists to make sure that no item is missing.The following procedures are to be adopted:(1)the Chief Officer shall make a cargo operation plan, in which the following factors shall be considered: the cargo must be stowed in such way that the stability, trim, shearing forces and bending moments are within the limits as laid down by the stability manual;excessive weight on tank tops, tween decks and hatch covers must be avoided;and cargo must be stowed and secured in such way as to avoid damage-which can result in possible loss of life or property.(2)Pre-operation conference with all ship's personnel to be involved in the cargo operation should be held to discuss such matters as cargo disposition, numbers of gangs and working hours, usual and special safety requirements, ballasting and de-ballasting information, special requirements regarding cargo operation, damage prevention and control, personnel organization, cargo watch etc.The Chief Officer must ensure that all relevant personnel have fully understood the intended cargo and all usual and special safety and operational requirements.11.What will you do if cargo damage is found or suspected before loading or during loading? I shall report to the master first and foremost.The master should decide whether to replace the damaged cargo.For the full-set machines and high-valued products I must ask for the replacement in the loading port if damages are found.If the damaged cargoes cannot be replaced, the Chief Mate shall make remarks on the Mate’s Receipt.中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列大副面試問題及參考答案第 3 頁 “中國海員之家”網站(http://www.tmdps.cn)搜集整理出品,更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

If disputes happen on the quantity and quality of the cargoes, I shall, at the discretion of the master, ask the cargo surveyor to do the survey.If necessary, under the endorsement of the ship owner, I shall write a Letter of Protest(based on the format provided by the company)to prove the innocence of the seamen on board.During the voyage, if a very small amount of cargo is damaged, with the permission of the master, I shall throw it away into the sea to avoid any disputes with any third party.12.What are the differences between the Bill of Lading and the Mate's Receipt? A Tally Sheet is the basis of the Mate’s Receipt.The Mate’s Receipt is the basis of the B/L.The condition of the cargo is clearly shown on the Mate’s Receipt.It is very important to make sure that the cargo condition on the bill of lading is the same as that on the Mate’s Receipt.The Mate’s Receipt is the legal evidence of the cargo received and the B/L is the legal evidence of the cargo ownership.If the consigner wants the master to issue a clean B/L on the basis of unclean Mate’s Receipt, the master firstly must ask for permission from the company.K the company agrees, the consigner must issue reliable Letter of Indemnity or Letter of Guarantee.13.If the draft survey proves a shortage of cargo after loading is completed, what will you do apart from reporting to the Master? Will you make any remarks on the Mate's Receipt? In this case, I shall report the problem to the master first.With the permission of the master, I shall ask the third party surveyor to do the survey.K the survey shows there is shortage or damage of the cargo, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt showing the loss or damage or shortage.The third party is to be invited to make the objective report on the real quantity of the volume of the cargo.K the cargo is proved to be in shortage, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt.14.What do you know about the ISM code and SMS? How many chapters are there in the ISM Code(as amended)? What are these chapters? The ISM code is the International Safety Management Code.The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular to the marine environment and to property.The 16 chapters of ISM Code are: general, safety and environment protection policy, company responsibilities and authority, designated person(s), master's responsibilities and authority, resources and personnel, development of plans for shipboard operation, emergency preparedness, reports and analysis of non-conformity, accidents and hazardous occurrences , maintenance of the ship and equipment, documentation, company verification, review and evaluation, certification and verifications and control, certification and periodical verification, verification, interim certification, and forms of certificates.The last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM Code.SMS means safety management system, and this system is mad based on the 16 elements of ISM Code, which is a compulsory part SOLAS74.The shipowner or manager cannot get Document of Compliance(DOC)and SMC without audited Safety Management Certificate(SMC)by Class designated by the flag registry country administration.Every 中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列大副面試問題及參考答案第 4 頁 “中國海員之家”網站(http://www.tmdps.cn)搜集整理出品,更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

company should develop, implement and maintain a safety management system(SMS).15.What do Observation, Non-conformity and Major non-conformity mean respectively? Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management audit and substantiated by objective evidence.Non-conformity means an observed situation where objective evidence indicates the non-fulfillment of a specified requirement.Major non-conformity means an identifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the environment that requires immediate corrective action and includes the lack of effective and systematic implementation of a requirement of this Code.(摘自新ISM Code原文)以上內容不一定要非常準確詳細地背誦,但至少要知道大致的內容,尤其要知道,ISM規則

是變化的、開放的國際公約,其內容經過修改和增加。此外,隨著ISM規則的改變,各船東和管 理公司對SMS也要進行相應的修改和補充。16.Have you experienced any on-board internal audit before? The onboard internal audit is carried out at the discretion of the Designated Person of the owner.When the auditors come on board, the seamen should give full support to them.If observation or non-conformity items are found in the audit, these items should be treated with due diligence and rectified on time.As the Chief Officer, I should be very familiar with the operation and calibration of the gas detector and the loading computer.17.What is Garbage Management Plan? The MARPOL 73/78 requires that a Garbage Management Plan should be developed in accordance with the IMO guidelines on board almost all ships.The Plan includes the procedures for garbage collection, separation, processing and disposal, as well as the management and requirements of garbage processing equipment, implementation of the Plan and crew responsibilities.All processing work should be recorded in the Garbage Record Book.18.How do you carry out the deck machinery maintenance? On board the last vessel, I often ordered my Bosun to organize the deck crew to maintain such equipment as windlass, steering engine, derrick, crane, wires, meters and winch.Chipping and greasing are also among their daily routines as per the PMS(Planned Maintenance System).All maintenance plans for the machines in the deck department shall be made by the Chief Officer.19.As the Chief Officer, what precautions do you have to take to prepare for the PSC inspection? The Chief Officer should arrange for the checks of the following items: LSA and FFE equipment, garbage disposal records, gangway safety, ballasting system, sanitary condition, especially in the accommodation area, the galley, provisions stores, cargo operation safety and documents.Besides, the Chief Officer should follow the Master's instructions in organizing the emergency drills.20.What precautions do you have to take before entering an enclosed space? I shall nominate the standby personnel and prepare the ventilation, breathing tool, connecting signals, oxygen, air and poisonous gases testing equipment, and other necessary equipment according to the checklist.I shall then get the Master's signature on the checklist.中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列大副面試問題及參考答案第 5 頁 “中國海員之家”網站(http://www.tmdps.cn)搜集整理出品,更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

21.What checks do you have make before any hot work is permitted? I must make sure of the following: There is no gas leakage on cargo deck or pump room area;The nearby places shall be free of inflammable materials or gases and portable extinguishers are available;The area where the hot work is done is not piled with solvents of any kind, including diesel oil, kerosene, paint, cleaners and thinners;Gas testing is also important to make sure no flammable or toxic gas is present at the work site and that the oxygen content is 21% by volume;Ventilation condition should also be checked before any hot work is done;The Master's approval must be obtained under all circumstances.While in port, you must also get the port authority approval.22.On board your previous vessels, how often did you conduct a fire-fighting drill? I carried out a fire fighting drill at least once every month.23.What are the Chief Officer's responsibilities with regards to cargo operation? The Chief Officer is in charge of safe handling of all cargo operation.He must submit all cargo plans to the master for approval and discuss any critical stage of cargo operation with the Master.He is responsible for making cargo records, time sheets, port logs and other paperwork related to cargo operation.He must also prepare cargo operation order and get all duty officers to read and understand it.24.What are the Chief Officer's responsibilities with regard to deck maintenance? The Chief Officer should prepare the deck maintenance schedule-both the long-term and short-term onesa promise to carry and deliver the cargo.It constitutes the apparent order, condition, and quantity or weight of goods at the time of shipment.It is also a document of tide(property)of the cargo.A clean B/L is one on which there is not any remark of cargo loss, shortage or damage.An unclean B/L is also called claused B/L, which carries some remarks of cargo damage, quantity shortage and so on.41.What is back dated or anti-dated B/L? What is advanced B/L? A back dated B/L is a B/L whose issuing date is earlier than the virtual loading completion date.An advanced B/L means a B/L that is signed and issued by the carrier before the completion of loading.Both backdated and advanced B/Ls will bring some dangers and liabilities to the shipowner and charterer.42.What anti-stowaway precautions should you take before the vessel sails from a port? Before departure from any port, stowaway search has to be carried out.The following spaces shall be searched thoroughly: void space, chain lockers, funnel, and other places where the stowaways can hide themselves.If stowaways are discovered before the ship sails, arrangement has to be made for his immediate disembarkation.Records have to be made in the Ship's Logs and the company should be notified.Necessary steps should be taken to prevent any further reoccurrence.43.Who should not be allowed to have the shore leave at the same time? In view of the jobs on board, the following positions and ranks can not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time: the Master and the Chief Officer;the Chief Engineer and First Engineer;the Chief Engineer and Electrician;the Bosun and Pumpman(in tankers);the Chief Cook and Second Cook(or mess boy);The Chief Officer and Pumpman(in tankers).Any crew who wants to have shore leave must check with the department head for permission and return to the vessel on time.44.What is me maximum blood alcohol concentration(BAC)rate on board? According to the STCW95, the BAC shall not be more than 0.08% by weight any time when being tested, but the CFR(Code of Federal Regulations)requires the BAC to be no more than 0.04%.Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列大副面試問題及參考答案第 9 頁 “中國海員之家”網站(http://www.tmdps.cn)搜集整理出品,更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

45.What hand of garbage cannot be thrown into incinerator? The following garbage can not be thrown into the incinerator: ? Any containers that once contained gases under pressure, or aerosol cans;? The materials that may produce harmful gases or ashes;? The materials that may produce high temperature and prolonged incineration of such materials that may cause damage to the incinerator.46.What should a Muster List include? What kind of Muster Lists did you have on the last vessel? A Muster List should include the following points:(1)Details of emergency alarm signal;How ship-abandon order According to the STCW95, the BAG shall not be more than 0.08% by weight any time when being tested, but the CFR(Code of Federal Regulations)requires the BAG to be no more than 0.04%.Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.(2)will be given;(3)Substitutes for the key personnel who may become disabled;(4)The boat to which each person belongs and duties to be performed in an abandon ship situation;(5)The specific group to which a person belongs and general duties during various emergencies;(6)Any additional or specific duties;(7)Specific assembly point of each group.The Muster Lists must be ready before a ship sails.We had the following Muster lists on board the last vessel: General emergency, fire fighting, fire in the engine, emergency steering, abandon-ship, man overboard, oil pollution prevention station.47.What is heavy weather condition? Under heavy weather conditions, what preparations should you make before sailing? I think heavy weather means weather conditions of wind force of 8 or above on the Beaufort scale and wave height of greater than 5 meters.During heavy weather conditions, the following preparations should be made:(1)If possible, select a route that can avoid the heavy weather area;(2)Inform the crew of the predicted heavy weather and issue a warning.Make sure that the warning is known to all crew on board;(3)Check the hull strength based on stowage calculations, cargo loading and stability documents.Ballast the ship to increase the draught and take action to prevent propeller racing, reduce oscillations and slamming of the ship if the ship is in ballasting condition;(4)Make sure the following holes are closed: hatches, cargo hold, bosun's store, manhole;accesses to accommodation spaces and steering gear room;tank air pipes, sounding caps;all water-tight doors and water-tight openings on the ship;(5)Ensure that measures are taken to prevent movement of cargo and other objects on various parts of the ship;(6)Ensure that cargo gears such as derricks, cranes and life boat are securely lashed;(7)Ensure that the conditions of the stowage of anchors and anchor chains are checked;(8)Keep critical checklists on the bridge for reference.中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列大副面試問題及參考答案第 10 頁 “中國海員之家”網站(http://www.tmdps.cn)搜集整理出品,更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

48.Under heavy weather conditions, what preparations should you make before sailing? If navigating in heavy weather, the following should be paid attention to: Adopt measures to prevent slamming and pounding of the ship, considering the frequency of encounters with swells and change speed or course if necessary? a)The watch keeping officer shall change over to parallel operation of the steering gear, if possible;b)If possible, change the auto pilot to “rough sea mode” or change over to manual mode;c)Master shall frequently check the weather and sea conditions, observe future changes and judge if there is a problem with the present course and speed;d)Report the weather to the nearest port authority or the ships in the vicinity on the bad weather and ask them to be careful and warn them;e)The master shall check the abnormalities whenever possible to make the ship in good condition.49.If the stevedores damage the crane, derrick or any other equipment on board, what should you do? Firstly, I shall ask the duty officer have a careful supervision when the stevedores are loading and unloading cargo and ask the duty officers to report to me any incident or any damage the workers have done to the vessel equipment.If equipment damages occur, usually, I will see how serious the damage is.If the damage is serious, I shall report to the master immediately.If the damage is not very serious, I shall ask the stevedore company to make repair.At least, I shall ask the stevedores to acknowledge their liabilities.But anyway, I shall not allow the stevedore workers to leave the vessel until the damage is settled properly.50.Before and during dry-docking for the vessel, what should a Chief Officer do? The Chief Officer shall prepare a detailed repair list for the approval of the master and the company;adjust the proper trim as per the dock's requirements and make out a safety procedure before drydocking.The Chief Officer should also make an assignment plan for the deck officers and crew during drydocking.When the repair work is being done, the Chief Officer should have a good supervision on the jobs and ensure safety of the workers and the seamen.51.How do you balance the interests between the ship owner and the charterer? Sometimes, the crew are heavily pressured in the circumstances: the charterer just pushes the master to catch time, but there will be no time for the maintenance and repairs for the vessel.But I know that the charterer is very important to the ship owner, so good relation with the charterer is very important to both the master and the ship owner.船東希望大副既能和租家建立良好的關系,又能維護船東的利益。因為大副掙的是船東的工 資,但船東掙的是客戶(租家)的錢。52.What do you know about BC Code? The BC code refers to the IMO Bulk Cargo Code.In this code, bulk cargo operation procedures are stated.This is a very important manual and the Chief Officer must study it with care and follow the instructions in the Code at work, especially when he makes the stowage plan.53.How should you deal with the garbage on board the ship? 中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列大副面試問題及參考答案第 11 頁 “中國海員之家”網站(http://www.tmdps.cn)搜集整理出品,更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

MARPOL 73/78 provides for detailed regulations on garbage disposal.Usually, any shipping company should have its own Garbage Management Plan in its SMS manuals.Usually, the Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer is the designated person in charge of carrying out the garbage disposal , but all crew on board should follow the garbage management plan.Garbage is disposed in four steps, i.e.collection, separation, processing and disposal.The Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer should make clear records in the Garbage Record Book.The Master has to make sure the Garbage Record Book is available for checks at any time.The garbage can roughly be divided into two types: the biodegradable and persistent garbage.The former refer to those that can be rotten by themselves, such as food paper, and wood;the latter refers to those that can not rotten themselves, such as plastic, mental etc.The persistent garbage can never be thrown into the sea.54.When should a turnover/handover of watch be deferred or postponed? Usually, under the following situations, the turnover can be deferred or even postponed:(1)If the officer on watch has reason to believe that the relieving officer is obviously not able to carry out his duties effectively;(2)when bridge maneuver is taking place, turnover of watch must be deferred until the action is completed and the ship is in a safe condition for the relief of the watch to take place.55.Under what situations should you as the officer on watch reduce the ship's speed? Can you give some examples? The OOW should not hesitate to use engine to reduce the speed for safety.Some examples are:(1)when the ship meets restricted visibility;(2)when the ship is in heavy traffic area;(3)when the ship is in a close quarter situation.56.What actions should be taken when restricted visibility is encountered or expected? The following actions should be taken.(1)Call or notify the master;(2)Stand by engine and sail at safe speed;(3)Switch on the navigational lights;(4)Switch on and sound fog signals;(5)Switch on ARPA and Radar;(6)Shift to manual steering for maneuver;(7)Post additional lockout.57.What precautions should be taken 12 hours before arrival at or departure from any port? Tests on the following should be made before entering or getting underway:(1)Primary and secondary steering gear.(2)Internal control communications and control alarm.(3)Standby and emergency generator.(4)Storage batteries for emergency lighting.(5)Main propulsion ahead and astern.58.What should you do in case of steering failure? When steering failure occurs, I shall immediately inform the engine room to change to the emergency steering gear.hi the meantime I shall report to the master.K no further incidents occur, I will get the signals hoisted for a vessel not under command.59.Do you know something about the internal and the external audit? Internal audit is a systematic check of the management and operation situation of the vessel.The internal audit, as I remember, is carried out at least once a year.The external audit is carried out the Classification of the vessel.The surveyor of the Class usually comes on board the check.中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列大副面試問題及參考答案第 12 頁 “中國海員之家”網站(http://www.tmdps.cn)搜集整理出品,更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

60.What is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in deciding the speed of a vessel during sailing in the sea? The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance.The following factors should be taken into account to achieve safe speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship s maneuverability, wind force, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximity of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice condition and so on.61.When navigating in a crossing situation, as a duty officer, what anti-collision measures should be taken? When the vessels are proceed on head-on condition, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way.To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.When two power-driven ships are meeting head-on situation or near head-on situation, each ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each other at a safe distance.When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship.This can be done by either altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.

第四篇：輪機長必須知道的專業面試問題

5、輪機長

（1）1998年1月1日起實施的《中華人民共和國海船船員值班規則》規定，船上應做好船員工作時間和休息時間的記錄，應將值班安排表張貼在顯而易見處，接受授權的海事機構檢查。

（2）在調動交接班中，交班輪機長應辦理好有關機損事故報告。（3）在輪機管理工作中，”船舶機電設備維修保養月度報告”主要記錄機電設備的使用維修情況，未完成的維修項目，現存問題及合理建議，由輪機長填寫。

（4）船員調動交接班制度規定，輪機長在交接時雙方必須共同到現場進行交接的是：①經常容易出故障的設備及應急操作措施；②安全報警裝置或信號的可靠性；③應急設備的位置及操作方法。

（5）航行中值班輪機員若發現重要機件嚴重損壞，威脅主機安全，情況危急時可以采取先停車后報告駕駛臺。

（6）當曲柄的△-為負值時，該曲柄的兩個主軸承位置偏左，曲軸軸線呈“(”狀態。

（7）船舶柴油主機由制造到裝船使用要經過材料成分分析、重要部件試驗、出廠試驗、系泊和航行試驗5個階段，其中需要進行“材料成分分析”的部件有：①主軸承橫梁；②曲軸；③高壓油管；④起動空氣管。

（8）船舶較長時間的安全航行記錄可以減少保險費。（9）船舶最佳經濟航速受營運成本和收入因素的影響，營運成本和收入的變化時船舶盈利值和最大盈利航速的變化是燃油費用減少時成本降低，盈利增加，最佳盈利航速可增加。

（10）營運船舶常用的經濟航速概念有三種，其中只考慮了柴油機本身經濟性的是：①最低油耗率航速；②最低燃油費用航速。

（11）超聲波探傷時，距離表面一段距離內的缺陷難以探測，是因為缺陷波與初始波難分辯。

（12）爆壓偏高，排溫亦偏高，其主要原因是供油量過大。（13）柴油機曲軸箱油化驗報告中標明有氯離子含量，則說明有海水漏入。

（14）在輪機部工具管理工作中正確的做法是：專用測量工具應保持良好的精度，一般應由大管輪或輪機長使用管理。

（15）根據PMS檢查項目規定，船舶應急發電機組檢驗內容有：①手動和自動啟動及自動合閘，記錄啟動時間和自動合閘供電時間：②對第二電源應作：3次手動啟動試驗③修理后，應在工作狀態下作運行試驗，并記錄拆修內容和試驗項目。

（16）修船時的廠修檢驗項目，向船級社提出檢驗申請的一般由廠方。

（17）法定檢驗展期期限一般不超過3個月。

（18）中國籍船舶”營運中的檢驗”包括檢驗、中間檢驗、定期檢驗、換證檢驗、船底外部檢驗及附加檢驗。

（19）不符合ccs關于”損壞和修理檢驗”的是對涉及船級的機械進行修理時，如無驗船師在場不得進行修理。

（20）在編制修理單的同時，根據修理項目的需要：①應做好所需備件的訂貨工作；②在修理單上注明備件由船方提供。

（21）根據1995年12月1日實施的GB《海船系泊及航行試驗通則》規定，在系泊試驗時對柴油發電機組應進行單機調速性能試驗，試驗項目有：①穩態特性試驗應測定轉速穩定率和轉速波動率；②動態特性試驗應測試突加和突減負荷時的瞬時調速率和穩定調速率及穩定時間。

（22）一般來說，船上安全管理的要點在于”組織一素質一響應”，其中”素質”應指與安全有關的道德、身心、技術、能力及語言素質。

（23）限制船舶柴油機排氣對大氣的污染途徑有：①建立廢氣清洗系統或等效的其他減少NOX的排放；②通過控制燃油含硫量達到限制S02的排放。

(24)檢驗污油水分離裝置超負荷的方法是低位旋塞能放出油。(25)ISM規則運用IS09000系列標準的架構和機理，建立了通過加強公司安全管理來控制人為因素的管理體系，使船上安全管理置于系統化管理之中。

(26)有關ISM證書的正確敘述？①國際航行船舶應同時持有有效的DOC的副本和SMC；②船舶如不持有DOC的副本，則SMC視為無效；③如果船舶不持有有效的1SM證書，將成為港口國滯留船舶的理由。

(27)對“人員安全素質”相關內容理解正確的是“職業道德素質”是指敬業愛崗、人道意識、保護海洋的使命感。

(28)巴黎備忘錄對某些船舶實施擴大范圍的檢查，包括船齡12年以上的散貨船、船齡10年以上的化學品船船舶。

(29)IMO出臺海上保安強化措施的目的在于加強船舶和港口設施合作，探察并制止威脅海運領域行為的保安國際框架。

(30)根據規定，有關對船舶進行安全檢查的敘述正確的是？①船員應按檢查人員的要求調試和操縱有關設備；②對中國籍船檢查后應簽發《船舶安全檢查通知書》；③對外國籍船檢查后應簽發《亞太地區港口國監督檢查報告》。

(31)可列為船舶保險規定的除外責任范圍的是：①燃料不足；②船上沒有輪機長。

(32)根據1992年倫敦部保險商協會公布的全世界全損船舶統計，80%是人為因素，90%是老齡船舶。

(33)國際民事責任公約規定，失事船舶對遭受污染國應負賠償的責任是船舶所有人。

(34)我國人民保險公司船舶保險條款的免賠額采用絕對免配額；當碰撞雙方互有過失時，除一方或雙方所有人受法律限制外，保險人的賠償按交叉責任限制原則計算。

(35)“船舶保安計劃”的演習與演練，其目的是確保船上人員熟練履行在各保安等級所承擔的保安職責，發現需加以解決的任何與保安有關的缺陷。

(36)輪機長職責規定，輪機長在廠修期間的主要工作是：①組織監修、自修、測量測量記錄和驗收工作；②親自參加重要機電設備和應急設備的驗收。(37)《中華人民共和國船員違紀記分管理辦法》規定，海事機構對船員違法記分應記錄在《船員服務簿》“主管機關簽注

（一）”一欄中。

(38)STCW95公約規定，輪機長應保證做到將值班時的修理工作通知負責值班的輪機員。

(39)廠修所用材料不符合要求造成的機損事故不屬于船員責任事故。

(40)輪機長在安全工作中主要的作用是組織和激勵，“組織”作用主要體現在確定組織的目標，調節組織關系，指揮和控制組織的行為。

(41)當船舶進出港時輪機長一定要親臨機艙。(42)輪機部的航行和停泊表，一般應由大管輪安排。

(43)為防止應急設備所用蓄電池發生極板磁化現象，在輪機員的管理工作中，輪機長應特別關注按時進行過充電和定期進行全容量放電。

(44)《中華人民共和國海船船員適任考試、評估和發證規則》規定，同時申請適任證書航區擴大和噸位（功率）提高，應持有與所申請航區和噸位（功率）均較低一級，相同職務適任證書，且任職滿18個月。

(45)船舶用品和其它消耗品是一項相當大的開支，其成本很難降低，關鍵在于：①加強庫存管理；②反對浪費。

(46)狀態監控設備是指利用狀態監控技術對設備進行定期監測，由監測數據分析結果確定維修保養。

(47)主機曲軸箱滑油，一般的化驗項目是：①閃點、酸值；②粘度、總堿值。

(48)加裝燃油后，應填寫在油類記錄薄上的內容是：①加油地點、日期、時間；②裝油種；數量；油艙編號。

(49)發電柴油機的滑油被氧化變質，粘度增加超過原有粘度值的20%時應換新滑油。

(50)酸性焊條多用于焊接低碳鋼。

(51)中國船級社的“船舶機械計劃保養系統(PMS)檢驗指南”作用：①船東執行PMS時的指導性文件；②中國船級社驗船師執行PMS時的指導性文件；③輪機長執行PMS時的指導性文件。

(52)檢驗，驗船師可向使用部門提出：①檢查測量、修理記錄；②檢查使用記錄。

(53)船舶公證檢驗與法定檢驗、船級檢驗的不同在于：沒有規定的檢驗間隔。

(54)驗船師對船舶進行公證檢驗時，是以第三者的身份執檢。(55)修船前編制修理單的依據是：①公司的修船計劃；②船舶技術狀況。

(56)船舶塢修時換新尾軸密封裝置，應首先在車間作液壓試驗，但輪機長應在現場監督試驗。

(57)塢修結束塢內放水后，輪機部第一件工作應是海水系統放氣。(58)STCW78/95公約新增加的STCW規則B部分，在保持輪機值班的指導中規定“特別重要”的是指負責值班的高級船員要認識到有效地履行其職責對海上人命財產和防止海洋污染的必要性。

(59)應對船上油污應急計劃作定期的：①評估；②檢查；③修改。(60)ISM規則目標包含三層意思，ISM規則總目標、公司的安全管理目標、安全管理體系目標，試問安全管理體系目標是：①符合強制性規定與規則：②對有關機構、組織所建議的適用的規則、指南、及標準予以考慮。

(61)《中華人民共和國船舶最低安全配員規則》規定，具有AUT-O附加標志3000KW及以上的海船輪機部最低配員應是輪機長、大管輪及機工1人。

(62)實施ISM規則必須注意在某種情況下，特別是在SMC初始運行期間：①主管機關可認為有必要增加中間驗證次數；②不合格的因素也可作為增加中問驗證次數的依據。

(63)當PSC官員按照船舶操作性要求檢查船員的消防演習時，檢查的項目可包括：①觀察船員如何將火警報告給駕駛臺；②傷員急救措施。

(64)采取更詳細檢查的明顯理由是，由PSCO的一般印象或觀察所獲得證據表明船舶安全、船舶防污染、航行設備方面存在嚴重缺陷。

(65)SOLAS公約附則第3章《國際救生設備》規則對救生艇機燃料儲備的要求是，應配備適用于船舶營運航區預期溫度范圍內足夠的燃料，以供滿載的救生艇以6kn的航速運轉不少于24h，發動機還應能在救生艇離水冷態運轉不少于5min。

(66)根據現行SOIAS公約的規定，防火安全的目標有：①防止火災和爆炸的發生；②減少火災對船舶、船上貨物和環境的破壞危險； ③為乘客和船員提供充分和隨時可用的脫險通道。

(67)我國法院對哪些碰撞案件具有管轄權？①碰撞發生在我國港口；②碰撞的受害船最初到達我國港口；③碰撞加害方為避免其船舶在我國被扣留，在我國提供了擔保時；④碰撞船之一的船籍港為我國港口。

(68)根據我國《海商法》規定，雙方過失程度相當的船舶碰撞，雙方承擔的民事責任原則為由先有過失一方承擔全部責任。

(69)我國負責實施《ISPS規則》的指定當局是交通部水運司，負責實施《ISPS規則》的主管機關是國家海事局_。

(70)STCW95規則第A-rll/2節規定：輪機長實際知識水平達到對電氣電子控制設備的：①操作；②測試和保養；③故障診斷。

(71)柴油機冷卻水化驗和投藥處理由大管輪負責。(72)中速柴油機其最低穩定轉速應小于額定轉速的40%。(73)操作側推器時的注意事項有：船速在Skn以下方可使用側推器；起動主電動機時要使螺距角置于0位。

(74)船舶保安計劃”規定，船舶應具有監控船舶、船上的限制區域、船舶周圍區域能力。

(75)淺水區航行，當值班輪機員發現主機負荷變化異常，在采取措施之前應當主動向駕駛臺詢問情況。(76)軸系中心線狀態應通過對彎曲度、同軸度的檢查來判斷。(77)調速器發生柴油機轉速振蕩與游車現象不同的是松手后仍恢復原有節奏轉速波動。

(78)修理單的分類有甲板工程、輪機工程、塢修工程、電氣工程。(79)船員自修的優越性最主要的是船員掌握該設備的技術狀況。(80)船舶塢修時，安裝尾軸和螺旋槳輪機長應在現場進行監督。(81)主要塢修工程應申請驗船師：①現場檢驗；②簽證檢驗報告。(82)1SM規則中的主管機關是指船旗國政府，在我國是中華人民共和國海事局。

(83)排放含油污水的國際標準接頭管子的直徑和應承受的壓力分別為125mm/0.6Mpa。

(84)人員下艙，在艙口附近探測得到的可燃氣體濃度應低于爆炸下限5%。

(85)當機艙發生火災需用大型C02施救時，輪機長應做的工作是：①指揮關停各運轉設備，封閉機艙門窗，通風口，放掉存壓設備的壓力；②通知并確信全部人員已經離開機艙后，通知船長施放C02滅火。

(86)海事執法部門對違法船舶處以750至10000元罰款，對違法人員處以20至1000元罰款，因為船方：①拒絕安全檢查；②阻撓安全檢查；③弄虛作假欺騙檢查人員。

(87)各負50%責任的碰撞是不能確定各過失船的過失程度的碰撞。(88)依法解決勞動爭議的原則，應當根據：①合法；②公證；③及時。

(89)根據我國《海商法》規定，中國籍船與外國籍船在公海上碰撞，并在我國法院處理損害賠償時，法院所適用的法律是法院地法律。

(90)中國海商法規定的有關共同海損分攤請求權的訴訟時效起算時間為共同海損理算結束之日。

(91)IS09002標準和ISM主要區別：①IS09002的實施是企業的自愿行為；②ISM的實施則是強制性要求。

(92)稅后年利潤等于船舶年運費收入扣除：①年總成本；②稅金。

第五篇：大副面試英語

中國海員之家網站船員面試資料系列 大副面試問題及參考答案

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大副面試問題及參考答案

大副是甲板上僅次于船長的“第二把手”。大副的好壞直接關系到船舶、貨物和人身安全。經驗表明，船東在面試大副時也是相當嚴格和認真的。主要集中在貨物的配載、裝卸貨、貨物的 保管、貨物單據、管理能力、協調能力等方面。而對于特種船來說，對有關貨物裝卸貨的有關規 定等也要熟知。此外，有關ISM/SMS及其他公約、PSC檢查以及船東內外審時的提問也是一個 非常重要的部分。

下面整理了一部分面試試題，供參考。我們建議，大副不但要準備下面的一些問題，也應該 看看有關船長及二副和三副的有關問題，這樣才能 達到融會貫通的目的。

1.Can you tell me about your educational background and working experience? A reference answer:

I graduated from Jimei Navigation College in 1992.I studied there for three years.I have worked as a seamen on eight ships for nearly ten years.I have the experience of Chief Officer for two ships.I have worked both Chinese and foreign shipowners in the past ten years.2.Can you tell me the responsibilities of the Chief Officer?

Under the leadership of the Master, the Chief Officer shall carry out the daily management of the deck department, and he is also responsible for cargo handling.The specific duties include:

(1)watch-keeping from 0400-0800 hours and 1600-2000 hours?

(2)safety of the ship and work place, safety equipment?

(3)daily safety and sanitary inspection?

(4)store and spare parts inventory management?

(5)maintenance on deck?

(6)stowage plan making?

(7)supervision of the loading and unloading process?

(8)cargo caring on board?

(9)some other work and duties designated by the master of the vessel.3.Can you talk about the previous vessels(last vessel)you worked on board? It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe.It was an old ship about 14 years old.But the general condition of the ship was quite good because we did very good maintenance work on board.4.What types of cargoes have ever been carried on board your last vessel?

I have worked on bulk carriers and general cargo vessels and I have experienced a lot of cargo handling.這是一個很重要的問題，因為大副的一個很重要職務便是貨物管理。大副應該對不同貨物的 裝卸、配載、保管、單據、保險等相關問題有所了解。

5.Where was your last vessel's trading(plying, sailing)area?

It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe.She has ever been to New Orleans, Long Beach, New York, Rotterdam, Hamburg and so on.6.Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews? What were their nationalities?

The last two vessels I worked on had crew from several countries.The masters were from Indian, the Chief Engineers were from Hong Kong and Philippine and other seamen were from China, Indian Burma and Vietnam.“中國海員之家”網站（http://www.tmdps.cn）搜集整理出品，更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

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7.Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan?

Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo, loading and discharging ports rotation, I shall calculate the volume of the cargo that is to be loaded into different holds.Then I shall calculate the draft of the vessel and trimming, shear force, bending moment to meet the requirements of the ship.At last, stowage plan is made based on these factors.8.What does a stowage factor of mean?

A stowage factor of any cargo is the figure that expresses the number of cubic units of measure needed to accommodate one unit of weight-how many cubic meters is needed to stow one metric ton of certain goods.Stowage factors should include allowance for dunnage，irregular size of certain goods, pallets and something else.Even the most carefully determined stowage factor is not absolute and it should be used only as a guide while planning cargo disposition.9.If there happens stevedore damage to cargo, equipment or ship' s structure in the loading or discharging ports, what should you do?

If damage happens, I must record it first and then report it in an appropriate written form to the master and other parties concerned.The report must be signed by the liable parties admitting they have(or have not)responsibility for the damage.The damage report shall be carefully worded and shall be supported with photos and other evidence, if any.The damage report should also include the following contents: ship’s name, voyage number, date, geographical location, name of the person who took the photos and his signature, location where the photo was taken, and what is intended to show.10.What precautions do you have to take before cargo operation is carried out? I shall check the pre-cargo operation check lists to make sure that no item is missing.The following procedures are to be adopted:

(1)the Chief Officer shall make a cargo operation plan, in which the following factors shall be considered: the cargo must be stowed in such way that the stability, trim, shearing forces and bending moments are within the limits as laid down by the stability manual? excessive weight on tank tops, tween decks and hatch covers must be avoided? and cargo must be stowed and secured in such way as to avoid damage-which can result in possible loss of life or property.(2)Pre-operation conference with all ship's personnel to be involved in the cargo operation should be held to discuss such matters as cargo disposition, numbers of gangs and working hours, usual and special safety requirements, ballasting and de-ballasting information, special requirements regarding cargo operation, damage prevention and control, personnel organization, cargo watch etc.The Chief Officer must ensure that all relevant personnel have fully understood the intended cargo and all usual and special safety and operational requirements.11.What will you do if cargo damage is found or suspected before loading or during loading?

I shall report to the master first and foremost.The master should decide whether to replace the damaged cargo.For the full-set machines and high-valued products I must ask for the replacement in the loading port if damages are found.If the damaged cargoes cannot be replaced, the Chief Mate shall make remarks on the Mate’s Receipt.“中國海員之家”網站（http://www.tmdps.cn）搜集整理出品，更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

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If disputes happen on the quantity and quality of the cargoes, I shall, at the discretion of the master, ask the cargo surveyor to do the survey.If necessary, under the endorsement of the ship owner, I shall write a Letter of Protest(based on the format provided by the company)to prove the innocence of the seamen on board.During the voyage, if a very small amount of cargo is damaged, with the permission of the master, I shall throw it away into the sea to avoid any disputes with any third party.12.What are the differences between the Bill of Lading and the Mate's Receipt? A Tally Sheet is the basis of the Mate’s Receipt.The Mate’s Receipt is the basis of the B/L.The condition of the cargo is clearly shown on the Mate’s Receipt.It is very important to make sure that the cargo condition on the bill of lading is the same as that on the Mate’s Receipt.The Mate’s Receipt is the legal evidence of the cargo received and the B/L is the legal evidence of the cargo ownership.If the consigner wants the master to issue a clean B/L on the basis of unclean Mate’s Receipt, the master firstly must ask for permission from the company.K the company agrees, the consigner must issue reliable Letter of Indemnity or Letter of Guarantee.13.If the draft survey proves a shortage of cargo after loading is completed, what will you do apart from reporting to the Master? Will you make any remarks on the Mate's Receipt?

In this case, I shall report the problem to the master first.With the permission of the master, I shall ask the third party surveyor to do the survey.K the survey shows there is shortage or damage of the cargo, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt showing the loss or damage or shortage.The third party is to be invited to make the objective report on the real quantity of the volume of the cargo.K the cargo is proved to be in shortage, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt.14.What do you know about the ISM code and SMS? How many chapters are there in the ISM Code(as amended)? What are these chapters?

The ISM code is the International Safety Management Code.The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular to the marine environment and to property.The 16 chapters of ISM Code are: general, safety and environment protection policy, company responsibilities and authority, designated person(s), master's responsibilities and authority, resources and personnel, development of plans for shipboard operation, emergency preparedness, reports and analysis of non-conformity, accidents and hazardous occurrences , maintenance of the ship and equipment, documentation, company verification, review and evaluation, certification and verifications and control, certification and periodical verification, verification, interim certification, and forms of certificates.The last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM Code.SMS means safety management system, and this system is mad based on the 16 elements of ISM Code, which is a compulsory part SOLAS74.The shipowner or manager cannot get Document of Compliance(DOC)and SMC without audited Safety Management Certificate(SMC)by Class designated by the flag registry country administration.Every

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company should develop, implement and maintain a safety management system(SMS).15.What do Observation, Non-conformity and Major non-conformity mean respectively?

Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management audit and substantiated by objective evidence.Non-conformity means an observed situation where objective evidence indicates the non-fulfillment of a specified requirement.Major non-conformity means an identifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the environment that requires immediate corrective action and includes the lack of effective and systematic implementation of a requirement of this Code.(摘自新ISM Code原文)

以上內容不一定要非常準確詳細地背誦，但至少要知道大致的內容，尤其要知道，ISM規則 是變化的、開放的國際公約，其內容經過修改和增加。此外，隨著ISM規則的改變，各船東和管 理公司對SMS也要進行相應的修改和補充。

16.Have you experienced any on-board internal audit before?

The onboard internal audit is carried out at the discretion of the Designated Person of the owner.When the auditors come on board, the seamen should give full support to them.If observation or non-conformity items are found in the audit, these items should be treated with due diligence and rectified on time.As the Chief Officer, I should be very familiar with the operation and calibration of the gas detector and the loading computer.17.What is Garbage Management Plan?

The MARPOL 73/78 requires that a Garbage Management Plan should be developed in accordance with the IMO guidelines on board almost all ships.The Plan includes the procedures for garbage collection, separation, processing and disposal, as well as the management and requirements of garbage processing equipment, implementation of the Plan and crew responsibilities.All processing work should be recorded in the Garbage Record Book.18.How do you carry out the deck machinery maintenance?

On board the last vessel, I often ordered my Bosun to organize the deck crew to maintain such equipment as windlass, steering engine, derrick, crane, wires, meters and winch.Chipping and greasing are also among their daily routines as per the PMS(Planned Maintenance System).All maintenance plans for the machines in the deck department shall be made by the Chief Officer.19.As the Chief Officer, what precautions do you have to take to prepare for the PSC inspection?

The Chief Officer should arrange for the checks of the following items: LSA.APPLIANCE equipment, garbage disposal records, gangway safety, ballasting system, sanitary condition, especially in the accommodation area, the galley, provisions stores, cargo operation safety and documents.Besides, the Chief Officer should follow the Master's instructions in organizing the emergency drills.20.What precautions do you have to take before entering an enclosed space? I shall nominate the standby personnel and prepare the ventilation, breathing tool, connecting signals, oxygen, air and poisonous gases testing equipment, and other necessary equipment according to the checklist.I shall then get the Master's signature on the checklist.“中國海員之家”網站（http://www.tmdps.cn）搜集整理出品，更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

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21.What checks do you have make before any hot work is permitted? I must make sure of the following:

There is no gas leakage on cargo deck or pump room area?

The nearby places shall be free of inflammable materials or gases and portable extinguishers are available?

The area where the hot work is done is not piled with solvents of any kind, including diesel oil, kerosene, paint, cleaners and thinners?

Gas testing is also important to make sure no flammable or toxic gas is present at the work site and that the oxygen content is 21% by volume?

Ventilation condition should also be checked before any hot work is done?

The Master's approval must be obtained under all circumstances.While in port, you must also get the port authority approval.22.On board your previous vessels, how often did you conduct a fire-fighting drill? I carried out a fire fighting drill at least once every month.23.What are the Chief Officer's responsibilities with regards to cargo operation? The Chief Officer is in charge of safe handling of all cargo operation.He must submit all cargo plans to the master for approval and discuss any critical stage of cargo operation with the Master.He is responsible for making cargo records, time sheets, port logs and other paperwork related to cargo operation.He must also prepare cargo operation order and get all duty officers to read and understand it.24.What are the Chief Officer's responsibilities with regard to deck maintenance? The Chief Officer should prepare the deck maintenance schedule-both the long-term and short-term onesa promise to carry and deliver the cargo.It constitutes the apparent order, condition, and quantity or weight of goods at the time of shipment.It is also a document of tide(property)of the cargo.A clean B/L is one on which there is not any remark of cargo loss, shortage or damage.An unclean B/L is also called claused B/L, which carries some remarks of cargo damage, quantity shortage and so on.41.What is back dated or anti-dated B/L? What is advanced B/L?

A back dated B/L is a B/L whose issuing date is earlier than the virtual loading completion date.An advanced B/L means a B/L that is signed and issued by the carrier before the completion of loading.Both backdated and advanced B/Ls will bring some dangers and liabilities to the shipowner and charterer.42.What anti-stowaway precautions should you take before the vessel sails from a port?

Before departure from any port, stowaway search has to be carried out.The following spaces shall be searched thoroughly: void space, chain lockers, funnel, and other places where the stowaways can hide themselves.If stowaways are discovered before the ship sails, arrangement has to be made for his immediate disembarkation.Records have to be made in the Ship's Logs and the company should be notified.Necessary steps should be taken to prevent any further re occurrence.43.Who should not be allowed to have the shore leave at the same time?

In view of the jobs on board, the following positions and ranks can not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time: the Master and the Chief Officer? the Chief Engineer and First Engineer? the Chief Engineer and Electrician? the Bosun and Pumpman(in tankers)? the Chief Cook and Second Cook(or mess boy)? The Chief Officer and Pumpman(in tankers).Any crew who wants to have shore leave must check with the department head for permission and return to the vessel on time.44.What is me maximum blood alcohol concentration(BAC)rate on board? According to the STCW95, the BAC shall not be more than 0.08% by weight any time when being tested, but the CFR(Code of Federal Regulations)requires the BAC to be no more than 0.04%.Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.“中國海員之家”網站（http://www.tmdps.cn）搜集整理出品，更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

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45.What hand of garbage cannot be thrown into incinerator?

The following garbage can not be thrown into the incinerator: ? Any containers that once contained gases under pressure, or aerosol cans?

? The materials that may produce harmful gases or ashes?

? The materials that may produce high temperature and prolonged incineration of such materials that may cause damage to the incinerator.46.What should a Muster List include? What kind of Muster Lists did you have on the last vessel?

A Muster List should include the following points:(1)Details of emergency alarm signal?

How ship-abandon order According to the STCW95, the BAG shall not be more than 0.08% by weight any time when being tested, but the CFR(Code of Federal Regulations)requires the BAG to be no more than 0.04%.Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.(2)will be given?

(3)Substitutes for the key personnel who may become disabled?

(4)The boat to which each person belongs and duties to be performed in an abandon ship situation?

(5)The specific group to which a person belongs and general duties during various emergencies?

(6)Any additional or specific duties?

(7)Specific assembly point of each group.The Muster Lists must be ready before a ship sails.We had the following Muster lists on board the last vessel: General emergency, fire fighting, fire in the engine, emergency steering, abandon-ship, man overboard, oil pollution prevention station.47.What is heavy weather condition? Under heavy weather conditions, what preparations should you make before sailing?

I think heavy weather means weather conditions of wind force of 8 or above on the Beaufort scale and wave height of greater than 5 meters.During heavy weather conditions, the following preparations should be made:(1)If possible, select a route that can avoid the heavy weather area?

(2)Inform the crew of the predicted heavy weather and issue a warning.Make sure that the warning is known to all crew on board?

(3)Check the hull strength based on stowage calculations, cargo loading and stability documents.Ballast the ship to increase the draught and take action to prevent propeller racing, reduce oscillations and slamming of the ship if the ship is in ballasting condition?

(4)Make sure the following holes are closed: hatches, cargo hold, bosun's store, manhole?

accesses to accommodation spaces and steering gear room? tank air pipes, sounding caps? all water-tight doors and water-tight openings on the ship?

(5)Ensure that measures are taken to prevent movement of cargo and other objects on various parts of the ship?

(6)Ensure that cargo gears such as derricks, cranes and life boat are securely lashed?

(7)Ensure that the conditions of the stowage of anchors and anchor chains are checked?

(8)Keep critical checklists on the bridge for reference.“中國海員之家”網站（http://www.tmdps.cn）搜集整理出品，更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

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48.Under heavy weather conditions, what preparations should you make before sailing?

If navigating in heavy weather, the following should be paid attention to:

Adopt measures to prevent slamming and pounding of the ship, considering the frequency of encounters with swells and change speed or course if necessary?

a)The watch keeping officer shall change over to parallel operation of the steering gear, if possible?

b)If possible, change the auto pilot to “rough sea mode” or change over to manual mode?

c)Master shall frequently check the weather and sea conditions, observe future changes and judge if there is a problem with the present course and speed?

d)Report the weather to the nearest port authority or the ships in the vicinity on the bad weather and ask them to be careful and warn them?

e)The master shall check the abnormalities whenever possible to make the ship in good condition.49.If the stevedores damage the crane, derrick or any other equipment on board, what should you do?

Firstly, I shall ask the duty officer have a careful supervision when the stevedores are loading and unloading cargo and ask the duty officers to report to me any incident or any damage the workers have done to the vessel equipment.If equipment damages occur, usually, I will see how serious the damage is.If the damage is serious, I shall report to the master immediately.If the damage is not very serious, I shall ask the stevedore company to make repair.At least, I shall ask the stevedores to acknowledge their liabilities.But anyway, I shall not allow the stevedore workers to leave the vessel until the damage is settled properly.50.Before and during dry-docking for the vessel, what should a Chief Officer do? The Chief Officer shall prepare a detailed repair list for the approval of the master and the company? adjust the proper trim as per the dock's requirements and make out a safety procedure before drydocking.The Chief Officer should also make an assignment plan for the deck officers and crew during drydocking.When the repair work is being done, the Chief Officer should have a good supervision on the jobs and ensure safety of the workers and the seamen.51.How do you balance the interests between the ship owner and the charterer? Sometimes, the crew are heavily pressured in the circumstances: the charterer just pushes the master to catch time, but there will be no time for the maintenance and repairs for the vessel.But I know that the charterer is very important to the ship owner, so good relation with the charterer is very important to both the master and the ship owner.船東希望大副既能和租家建立良好的關系，又能維護船東的利益。因為大副掙的是船東的工 資，但船東掙的是客戶（租家）的錢。

52.What do you know about BC Code?

The BC code refers to the IMO Bulk Cargo Code.In this code, bulk cargo operation procedures are stated.This is a very important manual and the Chief Officer must study it with care and follow the instructions in the Code at work, especially when he makes the stowage plan.53.How should you deal with the garbage on board the ship?

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MARPOL 73/78 provides for detailed regulations on garbage disposal.Usually, any shipping company should have its own Garbage Management Plan in its SMS manuals.Usually, the Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer is the designated person in charge of carrying out the garbage disposal , but all crew on board should follow the garbage management plan.Garbage is disposed in four steps, i.e.collection, separation, processing and disposal.The Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer should make clear records in the Garbage Record Book.The Master has to make sure the Garbage Record Book is available for checks at any time.The garbage can roughly be divided into two types: the biodegradable and persistent garbage.The former refer to those that can be rotten by themselves, such as food paper, and wood? the latter refers to those that can not rotten themselves, such as plastic, mental etc.The persistent garbage can never be thrown into the sea.54.When should a turnover/handover of watch be deferred or postponed?

Usually, under the following situations, the turnover can be deferred or even postponed:(1)If the officer on watch has reason to believe that the relieving officer is obviously not able to carry out his duties effectively?(2)when bridge maneuver is taking place, turnover of watch must be deferred until the action is completed and the ship is in a safe condition for the relief of the watch to take place.55.Under what situations should you as the officer on watch reduce the ship's speed? Can you give some examples?

The OOW should not hesitate to use engine to reduce the speed for safety.Some examples are:(1)when the ship meets restricted visibility?

(2)when the ship is in heavy traffic area?(3)when the ship is in a close quarter situation.56.What actions should be taken when restricted visibility is encountered or expected?

The following actions should be taken.(1)Call or notify the master?(2)Stand by engine and sail at safe speed?(3)Switch on the navigational lights?(4)Switch on and sound fog signals?(5)Switch on ARPA and Radar?(6)Shift to manual steering for maneuver?(7)Post additional lockout.57.What precautions should be taken 12 hours before arrival at or departure from any port?

Tests on the following should be made before entering or getting underway:

(1)Primary and secondary steering gear.(2)Internal control communications and control alarm.(3)Standby and emergency generator.(4)Storage batteries for emergency lighting.(5)Main propulsion ahead and astern.58.What should you do in case of steering failure?

When steering failure occurs, I shall immediately inform the engine room to change to the emergency steering gear.In the meantime I shall report to the master.K no further incidents occur, I will get the signals hoisted for a vessel not under command.59.Do you know something about the internal and the external audit?

Internal audit is a systematic check of the management and operation situation of the vessel.The internal audit, as I remember, is carried out at least once a year.The external audit is carried out the Classification of the vessel.The surveyor of the Class usually comes on board the check.“中國海員之家”網站（http://www.tmdps.cn）搜集整理出品，更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。

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60.What is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in deciding the speed of a vessel during sailing in the sea?

The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance.The following factors should be taken into account to achieve safe speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship s maneuverability, wind force, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximity of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice condition and so on.61.When navigating in a crossing situation, as a duty officer, what anti-collision measures should be taken?

When the vessels are proceed on head-on condition, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed?

When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way.To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.When two power-driven ships are meeting head-on situation or near head-on situation, each ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each other at a safe distance.When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship.This can be done by either altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.“中國海員之家”網站（http://www.tmdps.cn）搜集整理出品，更多航海資料請到網站免費下載。