第一篇：Ellen Lee DeGeneres在大學畢業典禮的演講中英文對照
Ellen Lee DeGeneres在大學畢業典禮的演講。很幽默，很真實，很深刻。追隨熱情，忠于自我。絕不要跟隨別人的腳步，除非你在森林里迷路了。做最真實的自己。我的選擇令我在今天能活得自在,沒有秘密,沒有恐懼。別逼自己去做不是真正的你。人生如同嘉年華，展現你的頭腦，而不是胸部。I am always ok because I know who I am。You are gonna be ok, just dance。最后的隨性舞蹈也很經典。堅定追求自己認同的，追求自己的信仰，追求做最真實的自己，不要被別人左右。每天活得真實，過得開心才是真理！
Thank you, President Cowan, Mrs.President Cowen;distinguished guests, undistinguished guestsaluminialumisI really, I had no ambition, I didn't know what I wanted to do.I did everything from“and I'm gonna be the first woman in the history of the show to be called over to sit down.” And several years later, I was the first woman in the history of the show, and only woman in the history of the show to sit down, because of that phone conversation with God that I wrote.And I started this path of stand-up and it was successful and it was great, but it was hard, because I was trying to please everybody and I had this secret that I was keeping, that I was gay.And I thought if people found out they wouldn't like me, they wouldn't laugh at me.Then my career turned intothis was back, many years ago-and I finally decided that I was living with so much shame, and so much fear, that I just couldn't live that way anymore, and I decided to come out and make it creative.And my character would come out at the same time, and it wasn't to make a political statement, it wasn't to do anything other than to free myself up from this heaviness that I was carrying around, and I just wanted to be honest.And I thought, “What's the worst that could happen? I can lose my career”.I did.I lost my career.The show was cancelled after six years, without even telling me, I read it in the paper.The phone didn't ring for three years.I had no offers.Nobody wanted to touch me at all.Yet, I was getting letters from kids that almost committed suicide, but didn't, because of what I did.And I realised that I had a purpose.And it wasn't just about me and it wasn't about celebrity, but I felt like I was being punished...it was a bad time, I was angry, I was sad, and then I was offered a talkshow.And the people that offered me the talkshow tried to sell it.And most stations didn't want to pick it up.Most people didn't want to buy it because they thought nobody would watch me.Really when I look back on it, I wouldn't change a thing.I mean, it was so important for me to lose everything because I found out what the most important thing is, is to be true to yourself.Ultimately, that's what's gotten me to this place.I don't live in fear, I'm free, I have no secrets.and I know I'll always be ok, because no matter what, I know who I am.So In conclusion, when I was younger I thought success was something different.I thought when I grow up, I want to be famous.I want to be a star.I want to be in movies.When I grow up I want to see the world, drive nice cars, I want to have groupies.To quote the Pussycat Dolls.How many people thought it was “boobies”, by the way? It's not, it's “groupies”.But my idea of success is different today.And as you grow, you'll realise the definition of success changes.For many of you, today, success is being able to hold down 20 shots of tequila.For me, the most important thing in your life is to live your life with integrity, and not to give into peer pressure.to try to be something that you're not.To live your life as an honest and compassionate person.to contribute in some way.So to conclude my conclusion: follow your passion, stay true to yourself.Never follow anyone else's path, unless you're in the woods and you're lost and you see a path, and by all means you should follow that.Don't give advice, it will come back and bite you in the ass.Don't take anyone's advice.So my advice to you is to be true to yourself and everything will be fine.And I know that a lot of you are concerned about your future, but there's no need to worry.The economy is booming, the job market is wide open, the planet is just fine.It's gonna be great.You've already survived a hurricane.What else can happen to you? And as I mentioned before, some of the most devastating things that happen to you will teach you the most.And now you know the right questions to ask in your first job interview.Like, “Is it above sea level?”.So to conclude my conclusion that I've previously concluded, in the common cement speech, I guess what I'm trying to say is life is like one big Mardi Gras.But instead of showing your boobs, show people your brain, and if they like what they see, you'll have more beads than you know what to do with.And you'll be drunk, most of the time.So the Katrina class of 2009, I say congratulations and if you don't remember a thing I said today, remember this: you're gonna be ok, dum de dum dum dum, just dance.謝謝，謝謝考恩校長，和有頭有臉的來賓們，呃，有頭有臉的來賓，你知道你是誰，不用介紹了（眾人笑），誠心感謝大家……以及討厭的西班牙語老師（眾人大笑）
感謝所有2009屆的畢業生，我知道你們絕大多數人還因為宿醉頭痛欲裂，狂歡到今天都還沒睡，但是沒聽完我的演講不能畢業，所以都聽好了?。▽W生們歡呼）
當我被問是否來參加畢業典禮演講的時候，我立刻就回答了：yes！……然后我才去查“畢業典禮”是什么意思（眾人笑）。如果我有字典的話就輕松多了，但我家的書大多是portia的（ellen的妻子，澳大利亞人）而且都是澳洲文（眾人笑），所以……我得自己摸索，去找出這個詞的意思。
“commencement畢業典禮”：commen常見的＋cement水泥，常見的水泥（眾人大笑）你常常見到水泥，在人行道上，人行道有裂縫，你要是踩到裂縫，就會撞傷你媽媽的背（大家笑），所以大概意思就是這樣了（笑聲）
但我很榮幸被邀請來做你們的“常見的水泥”的演講。我以為非得是又有名，又是你們學校的校友才能來……我沒有在這里念過大學，我不知校長先生是否知道，我完全沒上過大學…任何一間大學！我到不是在說你們在浪費時間和金錢，不過看看我，我是個超級成功的大名人唉！（大家爆笑）
事實上我在這里度過許多成長的歲月，我媽媽在這里工作時，我常來找她……每當我要偷她錢包里的錢時（大家笑）。但我今天在這里的原因，顯然不是要偷你們的錢……我在這里是因為你們，因為沒有比你們更優秀更勇敢的畢業生了?？纯茨銈兠恳粋€人，身穿你們的袍子（學士袍），通常我們說在早上10點還穿著袍子（睡袍）代表你放棄人生了（大家大笑）。我在這里，因為我愛紐奧良，我在這里出生成長，在此度過少年時光，正如你們一樣，當我住這里時，我只洗過6次衣服（眾人笑）。
當我從學校畢業的時候，我完完全全迷失了自我，學校我指的是初中（大家笑），后來我也繼續念完了高中。我當時，沒有任何的野心，不知道自己想做什么。我什么工作都做，我挖生蠔，當帶位員，做酒保，當服務生，粉刷房子，賣吸塵器……完全不知道自己想做什么。我只想隨便找個糊口的工作，過一輩子，能有錢負得起房租就行，我完全沒有任何計劃。我想說的是，當我像你們這么大的時候，我真的以為我了解自己，但其實我并不了解，舉例來說，我像你們這么大的時候，還在和男人約會（大家大笑）。所以我的意思是：當你們再長大些后，大多數的人，都會是gay!（場內爆笑，ellen自己也笑了）
總之，當時我不知道我的人生要干嘛，而最后我找到了我人生目標，卻是因為一件十分悲慘的事。我那時可能才19歲，當時的女朋友因為車禍身亡了。我經過了事故現場，并不知道是她，還繼續往前走。不久后，才知道那是她。我當時……住在地下室的公寓，沒有錢，沒有暖氣，房子里都是跳蚤。我困惑不已，心想，為何她突然走了，而為何我又呆再這樣一個境地里。我無法理解，但其中一定有什么理由。要是能直接拿起電話打給上帝問個清楚，不就太好了。于是我開始寫一些東西，心里涌現出一段我和上帝的對話，雖然只是我一個人的獨白。當我完成了它后，我閱讀了這個劇本，對自己說，我說我要在“今夜秀”上和強尼.卡森一起表演這一段。強尼.卡森是當時主持屆的天王，我對自己說我要成為該節目史上第一個被邀請和強尼一起坐下來訪問的女性。數年之后，我成為這個節目史上，第一位也是唯一一位，被邀請坐下來和他訪問的女性。就因為那段我寫的和上帝打電話的劇本。
從此我開始做單人脫口秀，做得很成功，也很辛苦，因為我想討好每一個人，同時又守著我身為同性戀的秘密。我想人們要是發現了，就不會喜歡我了。后來我又有了自己的喜劇，也很成功，更進一步的成功。我于是更擔心，要是別人發現了怎么辦，是不是就不會看我的節目了？這都是很久以前的事了，你們可能不知道，那都是我們的總統還都是白人時候的事了（大家大笑）
最終我還是決定……我一直帶著羞恥和恐懼而活，我再也不能像那樣活下去了，于是我決定讓劇中的主角和我自己同時出柜。不是為了什么政治原因或是其他，只是為了讓我從一個背負已久的沉重枷鎖中釋放出來，我只是想要……誠實！我想不會有更慘的事發生了，難道會失去我的演藝事業嗎？結果，我真的失去了。我的節目在做了6年后，沒有告知我就停播了，我讀了報紙才知道。家中的電話三年沒有再響過，沒人愿意找我做節目，沒人愿意碰我。
然而我收到了想要自殺的同性戀孩子的來信，他們因為我的出柜而最終沒有自殺，我才了解到，我在這個世上是有目的的。那曾是一段痛苦的日子，我很憤世嫉俗，很難過。后來有人找我做脫口秀（今天的ellen show），制作公司想要賣出節目，但是大多數電視臺都不愿意買。
當我回想起這些往事的時候，我一點也不想去改變什么，即使失去一切。因為我意識到，最重要的事是，對自己誠實。我的選擇令我在今天能活得自在，沒有恐懼和秘密。我知道一切都是ok的，因為無論如何，我知道自己是誰。
因此，這是不是結論的結論，當我年輕時，對成功的定義不同，我想我的志愿是：我想出名，想當明星，拍電影，我想要去看世界，開名車，有一群死黨……（ellen這段說的很溜，大家反應過來其實這是小野貓的一首歌的歌詞，于是大笑）但今日我對成功的定義變了，當你長大，你就會發現這點。對你們中的很多人來說，成功的定義是能灌下20杯龍舌蘭酒（大家笑）。對我來說，生命中最重要的事是：活得誠實！別逼自己去做不是真正的你，要活得正直，有憐憫之心，在某些方面有所貢獻。
因此，這是結論的結論（眾人笑）：追隨熱情，忠于自我，絕不要追隨別人的腳步，除非你在森林里迷路了才要這么做（大家笑）。別給人忠告，別接受任何人的忠告。所以…我要給大家的忠告是（大家大笑）：做真實的你，一切都會沒事的。
我知道在座很多人都在擔心自己的前途，但不用擔心，經濟正急速增長，就業市場求才若渴（大家大笑），地球也好的很！（大家笑）一切都會好的，你們都經歷過風災了，還有什么可怕的？如我以前所說的：最慘痛的事教會你最多。比如現在你第一次面試，就知道該問考官什么了，例如“公司高于海平面嗎？”（大家大笑，紐奧良因地勢低被淹水）
因此……總結一下我剛才做的我的“常見的水泥”演講的結論（大家笑），我猜我想說的是，人生猶如一場狂歡嘉年華，記得展現你的頭腦，而不是胸部。……2009年的畢業生們，我說祝賀大家了！若你不記得我今天說的任何話，就請記住這一句：you’re going to be ok，dun－doom－doom－doom（大家愣），just dance！（所有人大笑歡呼）
會場響起Lady Gaga的《Just dance》，ellen在演講臺上搖擺起來，就像她在1000多期ellen show中，每期必做的一樣，一路跳舞到人群中去。
第二篇：美國大學十佳畢業典禮演講精選(中英文對照)
Top 10 Commencement Speeches Quotes in American Universities
美國大學十佳畢業典禮演講精選
閱讀難度☆☆☆
每年的五六月，是美國大學舉行畢業典禮的季節。按照慣例，各界名流都會受邀到各大名校去作激動人心的演講。本文精選了近年來美國最有影響力的十佳畢業典禮演講，與已經或即將畢業的讀者朋友們共勉。
1.Steve Jobs
史蒂芬·喬布斯
CEO of Apple Computers 蘋果電腦CEO
Stanford University斯坦福大學
June 12, 20052005年6月12日
Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.You are already naked.There is no reason not to follow your heart.Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking.Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.They somehow already know what you truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.記著你總會死去，這是我知道的防止患得患失的最佳辦法。赤條條來去無牽掛，還有什么理由不隨你的心？！
你的時間是有限的，因此不要把時間浪費在過別人的生活上。不要被教條所困——使自己的生活受限于他人的思想成果。不要讓他人的意見淹沒了你自己內心的聲音。最重要的是，要有勇氣跟隨你的內心與直覺，它們好歹已經知道你真正想讓自己成為什么。其他的，都是次要的。
2.David Foster Wallace
大衛·福斯特·華萊士
Novelist小說家
Kenyon College肯尼恩學院
May 21, 20052005年5月21日
There are these two young fish swimming along and they happen to meet an older fish swimming the other way, who nods at them and says, “Morning, boys.How's the water?” And the two young fish swim on for a bit, and then eventually one of them looks over at the other and goes, “What the hell is water?”
...simple awareness;awareness of what is so real and essential, so hidden in plain sight all around us, all the time, that we have to keep reminding ourselves over and over:
“This is water.”
“This is water.”
It is unimaginably hard to do this, to stay conscious and alive in the adult world day in and day out.有兩條小魚一起在水里游，碰到一條老魚迎面游過來。老魚向他們點點頭，并說：“早上好，孩子們。水怎么樣？”這兩條小魚繼續往前游了一會兒后，其中一條小魚實在忍不住了，看了一下另一條小魚，問道：“水到底是什么東西？”
??簡單的意識；對我們生活中如此真實、如此必不可少、無處不在、無時不在的事物的意識，需要我們一遍一遍地提醒自己：
“這是水?！?/p>
“這是水。”
天天都保持意識清醒而鮮活，在成人世界中做到這點，是不可想象地難。
3.Michael Uslan
邁克爾·奧斯蘭
Movie Producer電影制片人
Indiana University 印第安納大學
May 06, 20062006年5月6日
You must believe in yourself and in your work.When our first Batman movie broke all those box-office records, I received a phone call from that United Artists exec who, years before, had told me I was out of my mind.Now he said, “Michael, I'm just calling to congratulate you on the success of Batman.I always said you were a visionary.” You see the point here — don't believe them when they tell you how bad you are or how terrible your ideas are, but also, don't believe them when they tell you how wonderful you are and how great your ideas are.Just believe in yourself and you'll do just fine.And, oh yes, don't then forget to market yourself and your ideas.Use both sides of your brain.You must have a high threshold for frustration.Take it from the guy who was turned down by every studio in Hollywood.You must knock on doors until your knuckles bleed.Doors will slam in your face.You must pick yourself up, dust yourself off, and knock again.It's the only way to achieve your goals in life.你必須相信你自己，對自己的工作充滿信心。當我們的第一部電影《蝙蝠俠》創下史無前例的票房紀錄時，我接到了藝術家聯合會會長的電話，他在數年之前曾說我瘋了。如今他說：“邁克爾，我給你打電話祝賀《蝙蝠俠》的成功。我總說你是一位有遠見的人?！蹦憧矗P鍵在這里，當他們說你有多差，你的想法有多糟的時候，不要信他們的話，同時，當他們告訴你你有多么了不起，你的想法多美妙時，也不要相信他們。你就只相信你自己，這樣你就能做好。還有，那就是，不要忘記推銷你自己和你的想法。左右大腦你都得用。
要能經受得住挫敗。這是被好萊塢每一家制片廠拒絕過的人的經驗。你必須去敲一扇扇的門，直到指關節流血。大門會在你面前砰然關上，你必須重振旗鼓，彈去身上的灰塵，再敲下一扇門。這是實現你人生目標的唯一辦法。
4.Woody Hayes
伍迪·海耶斯
College Fooball Coach大學橄欖球教練
Ohio State University俄亥俄州立大學
May 14, 19861986年5月14日
In football we always said that the other team couldn't beat us.We had to be sure that we didn't beat ourselves.And that’s what people have to do, too — make sure they don't beat themselves....you'll find out that nothing that comes easy is worth a dime.As a matter of fact, I never saw a football player make a tackle with a smile on his face.Never.在橄欖球場上，我們總是說其他隊戰勝不了我們。我們必須做到不把自己打垮。所有人也都必須這么做，確保自己不要被自己打垮。
??你會發現，來得容易的東西總是一文不值。事實上，我從來沒有看到哪位橄欖球運動員是帶著微笑完成阻截的。
5.Bradley Whitford
布蘭德利·惠特福德
Actor演員
University Wisconsin-Madison威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校
May 17, 20062006年5月17日
Number One: Fall in love with the process and the results will follow.Number Two: Do your work.Number Three: Once you're prepared, throw your preparation in the trash.Number Four: You are capable of more than you think.Number Five: Listen.Number Six: Take action.You have a choice.You can either be a passive victim of circumstance or you can be the active hero of your own life.Action is the antidote to apathy and cynicism and despair.第一，愛上過程，結果自然會來。
第二，做你的事。
第三，一旦準備好，就付諸行動。
第四，你能做的，超出了你的想象。
第五，聆聽。
第六，采取行動。
你有一個選擇。要么你成為環境的被動受害者，要么你主動成為自己生活的英雄。行動可以消除冷漠、玩世不恭與絕望。
6.Jerry Zucker
杰瑞·朱克
Director, movie producer 導演、電影制片人
University of Wisconsin威斯康辛大學
May 17, 20032003年5月17日
It doesn't matter whether your dream came true if you spent your whole life sleeping.Ask yourself one question: If I didn't have to do it perfectly, what would I try?
Nobody else is paying as much attention to your failures as you are.You're the only one who is obsessed with the importance of your own life.To everyone else, it's just a blip on the radar screen, so just move on.如果你一生都在睡覺，你的夢想是否實現就無關緊要了。
問你自己一個問題：如果我不是必須做得完美，那我還努力什么呢？
沒有人會像你自己那樣對自己的失敗那么在意。你是唯一一個能追求自己的生活意義的人。對于其他所有人來說，你只是雷達熒光屏上的一個光點。所以，只管前行吧。
7.Earl Bakken
厄爾·巴肯
Businessman商人
University of Hawaii 夏威夷大學
By all reckoning, the bumblebee is aerodynamically unsound and shouldn't be able to fly.Yet, the little bee gets those wings going like a turbo-jet and flies to every plant its chubby little body can land on to collect all the nectar it can hold.Bumblebees are the most persistent creatures.They don't know they can't fly, so they just keep buzzing around.Never give in to pessimism.Don't know that you can't fly, and you will soar like an eagle.Don't end up regretting what you did not do because you were too lazy or too frightened to soar.Be a bumblebee!And soar to the heavens.You can do it.無論怎么考量，大黃蜂從空氣動力學上講是不健全、不應該會飛的。但是，這種小蜜蜂卻像渦輪噴氣飛機一樣地展翅飛行，飛到它圓乎乎的身體能夠降落的任何植物上去采蜜。
大黃蜂最堅韌的生靈，它們不知道自己不能飛，因此它們只管到處嗡嗡地飛個不停。
千萬不要悲觀。不知道你不會飛，你會像鷹一樣高高飛翔。不要到頭來后悔自己因為太懶或太怕高飛而無所作為。做一只大黃蜂。飛到天上去。你能做到的。
8.John Walsh
約翰·沃爾什
Author and art historian作家和藝術歷史學家
Wheaton College惠頓學院
20002000年
Do one thing at a time.Give each experience all your attention.Try to resist being distracted by other sights and sounds, other thoughts and tasks, and when it is, guide your mind back to what you're doing.I'm not warning against learning many things on many subjects.My warning is against distraction, whether you invite it or just let it happen.In baseball, high-percentage hitters know better: it's “focus” they talk about, and they prize it as much as strength.Psychologists describe skilled rock climbers and tennis players and pianists as going beyond focus, to what they have called a “flow” experience, a sense of absorption with the rock or the ball or the music in which the “me versus it” disappears and there's a kind of oneness with the task that brings a joyful higher awareness, as well as successful performance.I've had these experiences, too little but not too late, and probably you have, too.They are a supreme kind of pleasure.You will have more of them if you do one thing at a time.一次做一件事情。全力關注你每一次的經歷。決不要被別的聲色之物和其他想法、任務分心。一旦分心了，引導你的注意力重新回到你做的事情上。
我不是在反對學習多個學科的眾多知識。我所警告的是分心與干擾，無論是你主動招惹的，還是讓它發生的。在棒球場上，得分高的擊球員對此有更深體會：他們談的是“專注”，他們把它看得跟力量一樣重要。在心理學家的描述中，高技能的攀巖者、網球運動員、鋼琴家已經超越了專注，達到了他們所稱的經驗之“流”，那是一種跟巖石、網球或音樂融為一體的感覺，“我與它”已然消失，跟任務合二為一，給人以更高水平的愉悅體驗，而不僅僅是成功地完成了任務。我有這種體驗，雖然很少，但來得還不算遲，或許你也有這種體驗。這是一種最高形式的快樂。如果你一次專注于一件事情，你就會有更多這樣的體驗。
9.David L.Calhoun
大衛·卡爾霍恩
Businessman商人
Virginia Tech弗吉尼亞理工大學
May 13, 20052005年5月13日
to isolate the subject he spoke most passionately to me about, over all those years, it is that SELF CONFIDENCE is the most important, the indispensable characteristic of success, the common characteristic shared by great leaders whose talents may have varied widely in most other respects.So, how do you get it? What is the secret to developing your own brand of self-confidence?
First, you must resolve to grow intellectually, morally, technically, and professionally every day through your entire work and family life.You need to ask yourself every day: Am I really up to speed or falling behind? Am I still learning? Or am I just doing the same stuff on a different day or as Otis Redding sings, “Sitting on the dock of the bay...watching the tide roll away?”
The lust for learning is age-independent.Another important way to build your confidence is to seek out the toughest jobs, the most daunting scientific, engineering or management challenges.我在通用公司為一個名叫杰克·韋爾奇的家伙工作了20年。他既是一位偉大的領導者，也是一位偉大的導師，過去是，現在也是。如果我必須找出那些年里他充滿激情地對我說的最主要的話，那就是：自信是最重要的，它是成功必不可少的，是所有在其他多數方面才能也許大相徑庭的偉大領導者的共同特征。
如何獲得自信？培養你特有的自信的秘訣是什么？
首先，你必須下決心每天都通過你的工作和家庭生活去獲得智力、道德、技術與專業上的提高。你需要每天問自己：我是在加速前進還是在后退？我還在學習嗎？我是在每天重復做同樣的事情或就像奧蒂斯·瑞汀所唱的那樣，“坐在海灣的碼頭上，看潮起潮落”？
對學習的渴望是不受年齡限制的。
培養自信的另一個重要途徑是尋找最難做的工作，最棘手的科學、工程或管理方面的難題。
10.Marc S.Lewis
馬克·劉易斯
Clinical psychology professor臨床心理學教授
University of Texas at Austin得克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校
May 19, 20002000年5月19日
There are times when you are going to do well, and times when you're going to fail.But neither the doing well, nor the failure is the measure of success.The measure of success is what you think about what you've done.Let me put that another way: The way to be happy is to like yourself and the way to like yourself is to do only things that make you proud.There's that old joke, not very funny, that goes, “No matter where you go, there you are.” That's true.The person who you're with most in life is yourself and if you don't like yourself you're always with somebody you don't like.有時候你會干得很漂亮，有時候你會失敗，但二者都不是衡量成功的標準。衡量成功的標準是你自己對你的所為怎么看。讓我換一句話說：讓自己幸福的辦法是喜歡你自己，喜歡自己的辦法是只做讓你自己感到驕傲的事情。
有一個老笑話，不是很好笑，它是這么說的：“無論你走到哪里，你都在那里?！边@是真的。你一生中跟你在一起最多的人是你自己，如果你不喜歡你自己，那你就會總是跟你不喜歡的人在一起。
第三篇：大學中英文對照
《大學》（中英文）
The Great Learning
By Confucius Written ca.500 B.C.E
總綱(右經一章，蓋孔子之言，而曾子述之；其傳十章，則曾子之意，而門人記之也。舊本頗有錯簡，今因程子所定，而更考經文，別為序次如左。)(凡傳十章：前四章統論綱領指趣；後六章細論條目工夫。其第五章乃明善之要。第六章乃誠身之本，在初學；尤為當務之急。讀者不可以其近而忽之也)
『１』大學之道在明明德，在親民，在止於至善。
What the great learning teaches, is to illustrate illustrious virtue;to renovate the people;and to rest in the highest excellence.『２』知止而後有定；定而後能靜；靜而後能安；安而後能慮；慮而後能得。The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is thendetermined;and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may be attained to.To that calmness there will succeed a tranquil repose.In that repose there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation will be followed by the attainment of the desired end.『３』物有本末；事有終始。知所先後則近道矣。
Things have their root and their branches.Affairs have their endand their beginning.To know what is first and what is last will lead near to what is taught in the Great Learning.『４』古之欲明明德於天下者先治其國。欲治其國者先齊其家。欲齊其家者先修其身。欲修其身者先正其心。欲正其心者先誠其意。欲誠其意者先致其知。致知在格物。
The ancients who wished to illustrate illustrious virtue throughoutthe kingdom, first ordered well their own states.Wishing to order welltheir states, they first regulated their families.Wishing to regulatetheir families, they first cultivated their persons.Wishing to cultivate their persons, they first rectified their hearts.Wishing to rectify their hearts, they first sought to be sincere in their thoughts.Wishing to be sincere in their thoughts, they first extended to the utmost their knowledge.Such extension of knowledge lay in the investigation of things.『５』物格而後知至。知至而後意誠。意誠而後心正。心正而後身修。身修 而後家齊。家齊而後國治。國治而後天下平。
Things being investigated, knowledge became complete.Their knowledge being complete, their thoughts were sincere.Their thoughts being sincere, their hearts were then rectified.Their hearts being rectified, their persons were cultivated.Their persons being cultivated, their families were regulated.Their families being regulated, their
states were rightly governed.Their states being rightly governed, the whole kingdom was made tranquil and happy.『６』自天子以至於庶人臺是皆以修身為本。
From the Son of Heaven down to the mass of the people, all mustconsider the cultivation of the person the root of everything besides.『７』其本亂而末治者，否矣。其所厚者薄而其所薄者厚，未之有也。It cannot be, when the root is neglected, that what should springfrom it will be well ordered.It never has been the case that what wasof great importance has been slightly cared for, and, at the same time,that what was of slight importance has been greatly cared for.第一章(右傳之首章，釋明明德。)『１』康誥曰，「克明德。」
In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, “He was able to make his virtue illustrious.”
『２』大甲曰，「顧 天之明命?！?/p>
In the Tai Chia, it is said, “He contemplated and studied the illustrious decrees of Heaven.”
『３』帝典曰：「克明峻德?！?/p>
In the Canon of the emperor(Yao), it is said, “He was able tomake illustrious his lofty virtue.”
『４』皆自明也。
These passages all show how those sovereigns made themselvesillustrious.第二章(右傳之二章，釋新民。)
『１』湯之盤銘曰：「茍日新，日日新，又日新?！?/p>
On the bathing tub of T'ang, the following words were engraved: “If you can one day renovate yourself, do so from day to day.Yea, letthere be daily renovation.”
『２』康誥曰，「作新民?！?/p>
In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, “To stir up the newpeople.” 『３』詩曰：「周雖舊邦，其命維新?！?/p>
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “Although Chau was an ancientstate the ordinance which lighted on it was new.”
『４』是故君子無所不用其極。
Therefore, the superior man in everything uses his utmostendeavors.第三章(右傳之三章，釋止於至善。)『１』詩云，「邦畿千里，惟民所止?！?/p>
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “The royal domain of a thousandli is where the people rest.”
『２』詩云，「緡蠻黃鳥，止於丘隅?！棺釉唬骸胳吨梗渌?，可以人而不如鳥乎？」
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “The twittering yellow birdrests on a corner of the mound.” The Master said, “When it rests, it knows where to rest.Is it possible that a man should not be equal to this bird?” 『３』詩云，「穆穆文王，於緝熙敬止?！篂槿司?，止於仁；為人臣，止於敬；為人子，止於孝；為人父，止於慈；與國人交，止於信。
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “Profound was King Wan.With how bright and unceasing a feeling of reverence did he regard his restingplaces!” As a sovereign, he rested in benevolence.As a minister, he rested in reverence.As a son, he rested in filial piety.As a father, he rested in kindness.In communication with his subjects, he rested in good faith.『４』詩云，「瞻彼淇澳，綠竹猗猗。有斐君子。如切如磋，如琢如磨。瑟兮兮，赫兮喧兮。有斐君子，終不可喧兮?！埂溉缜腥绱琛拐撸缹W也；「如琢如磨」者，自修也；「瑟兮 兮」者，恂栗也；「赫兮喧兮」者，威儀也；「有斐君子，終不可喧兮」者，道盛德至善，民之不能忘也。
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, “Look at that winding course of the Ch'i, with the green bamboos so luxuriant!Here is our elegant andaccomplished prince!As we cut and then file;as we chisel and then grind: so has he cultivated himself.How grave is he and dignified!How majestic and distinguished!Our elegant and accomplished prince never can be forgotten.” That expression-“As we cut and then file,” the work of learning.“As we chisel and then grind,” indicates that of self-culture.“How grave is he and dignified!” indicates the feeling of cautious reverence.“How commanding and distinguished!indicates an awe-inspiring deportment.”Our elegant and accomplished prince never can be forgotten,“ indicates how, when virtue is complete and excellence extreme, the people cannot forget them.『５』詩云，「於戲前王不忘！」君子賢其賢，而親其親。小人樂其樂，而利其利。此以沒世不忘也。
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”Ah!the former kings are notforgotten.“ Future princes deem worthy what they deemed worthy, and love what they loved.The common people delight in what delighted them, and are benefited by their beneficial arrangements.It is on this account that the former kings, after they have quitted the world, are not forgotten.第四章(右傳之四章，釋本末。)
子曰：「聽訟，吾猶人也。必也，使無訟乎？」無情者，不得盡其辭，大畏民志。此謂知本。
The Master said, ”In hearing litigations, I am like any other body.What is necessary is to cause the people to have no litigations.“ So, those who are devoid of principle find it impossible to carry out their speeches, and a great awe would be struck into men's minds;-this is called knowing the root.第五章(右傳之五章，蓋釋格物致知之義，而今亡矣。閑嘗竊取程子之意，以補之曰：「所謂致知在格物者：言欲至吾之知，在即物而窮其理也，蓋人心之靈，莫不有知，而天下之物，莫不有理。惟於理有未窮，故其知有不盡也。是以大學始教，必使學者即凡天下之物。莫不因其已知之理，而益窮之，以求至乎其極。至於用力之久，而一旦豁然貫通焉。則眾物之表里精粗無不到，而吾心之全體大用，無不明矣。此謂物格。此謂知之至也。)
『１』此謂知本?！海病淮酥^知之至也。
This is called knowing the root.This is called the perfecting of knowledge.第六章(右傳之六章，釋誠意。)
『１』所謂誠其意者：毋自欺也，如惡惡臭，如好好色。此之謂自謙。故君子必慎其獨也。
What is meant by ”making the thoughts sincere.“ is the allowing no self-deception, as when we hate a bad smell, and as when we love whatis beautiful.This is called self-enjoyment.Therefore, the superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone.『２』小人閑居為不善，無所不至，見君子，而後厭然。其不善，而著其善。人之視己，如見其肺肝然，則何益矣。此謂誠於中，形於外。故君子必慎其獨也。There is no evil to which the mean man, dwelling retired, will not proceed, but when he sees a superior man, he instantly tries to disguise himself, concealing his evil, and displaying what is good.The other beholds him, as if he saw his heart and reins;-of what use is his disguise? This is an instance of the saying-”What truly is within will be manifested without.“ Therefore, the superior man must be watchful over himself when he is alone.『３』曾子曰，「十目所視，十手所指，其嚴乎。」
The disciple Tsang said, ”What ten eyes behold, what ten handspoint to, is to be regarded with reverence!“
『４』富潤屋，德潤身。心廣體胖。故君子必誠其意。
Riches adorn a house, and virtue adorns the person.The mind isexpanded, and the body is at ease.Therefore, the superior man must make his thoughts sincere.第七章(右傳之七章，釋正心修身。)
『１』所謂修身在正其心者：身有所忿，則不得其正。有所恐懼，則不得其正。有所好樂，則不得其正。有所憂患，則不得其正。
What is meant by, ”The cultivation of the person depends on rectifying the mind may be thus illustrated:-If a man be under the influence of passion he will be incorrect in his conduct.He will be the same, if he is under the influence of terror, or under the influence of fond regard, or under that of sorrow and distress.『２』心不在焉，視而不見，聽而不聞，食而不知其味。
When the mind is not present, we look and do not see;we hear anddo not understand;we eat and do not know the taste of what we eat.『３』此謂修身在正其心。
This is what is meant by saying that the cultivation of the persondepends on the rectifying of the mind.第八章(右傳之八章，釋修身齊家。)
『１』所謂齊其家在修其身者：人之其所親愛而辟焉。之其所賤惡而辟焉。之其所畏敬而辟焉。之其所哀矜而辟焉。之其所敖惰而辟焉。故好而知其惡，惡而知其美者，天下鮮矣。
What is meant by “The regulation of one's family depends on thecultivation of his person is this:-men are partial where they feel affection and love;partial where they despise and dislike;partial where they stand in awe and reverence;partial where they feel sorrow and compassion;partial where they are arrogant and rude.Thus it is that there are few men in the world who love and at the same time know the bad qualities of the object of their love, or who hate and yet know the excellences of the object of their hatred.『２』故諺有之曰，「人莫知其子之惡，莫知其苗之碩。」
Hence it is said, in the common adage,”A man does not know thewickedness of his son;he does not know the richness of his growingcorn.“
『３』此謂身不修，不可以齊其家。
This is what is meant by saying that if the person be not cultivated, a man cannot regulate his family.第九章(右傳之九章，釋齊家治國。)
『１』所謂治國必先齊其家者：其家不可教，而能教人者，無之。故君子不出家，而成教於國。孝者，所以事君也；弟者，所以事長也；慈者，所以使眾也。What is meant by ”In order rightly to govern the state, it is necessary first to regulate the family,“ is this:-It is not possible for one to teach others, while he cannot teach his own family.Therefore, the ruler, without going beyond his family, completes the lessons for the state.There is filial piety:-therewith the.sovereign should be served.There is fraternal submission:-therewith elders and superiors should be served.There is kindness:-therewith the multitude should be treated.『２』康誥曰，「如保赤子，心誠求之?！闺m不中、不遠矣，未有學養子，而後嫁者也。
In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, ”Act as if you were watching over an infant.“ If a mother is really anxious about it, though she may not hit exactly the wants of her infant, she will not be far from doing so.There never has been a girl who learned to bring up a child, that she might afterwards marry.『３』一家仁，一國興仁；一家讓，一國興讓；一人貪戾，一國作亂。其機如此，此謂一言僨事，一人定國。
From the loving example of one family a whole state becomes loving,and from its courtesies the whole state becomes courteous while, from the ambition and perverseness of the One man, the whole state may be led to rebellious disorder;-such is the nature of the influence.This verifies the saying, ”Affairs may be ruined by a single sentence;a kingdom may be settled by its One man.“
『４』堯舜帥天下以仁，而民從之。桀紂帥天下以暴，而民從之。其所令反其所好，而民不從。是故君子，有諸己，而後求諸人。無諸己，而後非諸人。所藏乎身不恕而能喻諸人者，未之有也。
Yao and Shun led on the kingdom with benevolence and the peoplefollowed them.Chieh and Chau led on the kingdom with violence, and people followed them.The orders which these issued were contrary to the practices which they loved, and so the people did not follow them.On this account, the ruler must himself be possessed of the good qualities, and then he may require them in the people.He must not have the bad qualities in himself, and then he may require that they shall not be in the people.Never has there been a man, who, not having reference to his own character and wishes in dealing with others, was able effectually to instruct them.『５』故治國在齊其家。
Thus we see how the government of the state depends on the regulation of the family.『６』詩云，「桃之夭夭，其葉蓁蓁，之子於歸，宜其家人。」宜其家人，而後可以教國人。
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”That peach tree, so delicateand elegant!How luxuriant is its foliage!This girl is going to her husband's house.She will rightly order her household.“ Let the household be rightly ordered, and then the people of the state may be taught.『７』詩云，「宜兄宜弟?！挂诵忠说埽峥梢越虈恕?/p>
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”They can discharge their dutiesto their elder brothers.They can discharge their duties to their younger brothers.“ Let the ruler discharge his duties to his elder and younger brothers, and then he may teach the people of the state.『８』詩云，「其儀不忒，正是四國?！蛊錇楦缸有值茏惴ǎ崦穹ㄖ?。In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”In his deportment there isnothing wrong;he rectifies all the people of the state.“ Yes;when theruler, as a father, a son, and a brother, is a model, then the people imitate him.『９』此謂治國，在齊其家。
This is what is meant by saying, ”The government of his kingdomdepends on his regulation of the family.“
第十章（右傳之十章，釋治國平天下）
『１』所謂平天下在治其國者：上老老，而民興孝；上長長，而民興弟；上恤孤，而民不倍。是以君子有榘之道也。
What is meant by ”The making the whole kingdom peaceful and happydepends on the government of his state,“ this:-When the sovereign behaves to his aged, as the aged should be behaved to, the people become final;when the sovereign behaves to his elders, as the elders should be behaved to, the people learn brotherly submission;when the sovereign treats compassionately the young and helpless, the people do the same.Thus the ruler has a principle with which, as with a measuring square, he may regulate his conduct.『２』所惡於上，毋以使下。所惡於下，毋以事上。所惡於前，毋以先後。所惡於後，毋以從前。所惡於右，毋以交於左。所惡於左，毋以交於右。此之謂榘之道。
What a man dislikes in his superiors, let him not display in thetreatment of his inferiors;what he dislikes in inferiors, let him notdisplay in the service of his superiors;what he hates in those who arebefore him, let him not therewith precede those who are behind him;what he hates in those who are behind him, let him not bestow on the left;what he hates to receive on the left, let him not bestow on the right:-this is what is called ”The principle with which, as with a measuring square, to regulate one's conduct.“
『３』詩云：「 樂只君子，民之父母?！姑裰煤弥?；民之所惡惡之。此之謂民之父母。
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”How much to be rejoiced in are these princes, the parents of the people!“ When a prince loves what the people love, and hates what the people hate, then is he what is calledthe parent of the people.『４』詩云：「節彼南山，維石巖巖。赫赫師尹，民具爾瞻?！褂袊卟豢梢圆簧?。辟則為天下矣。
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”Lofty is that southern hill,with its rugged masses of rocks!Greatly distinguished are you, O grand-teacher Yin, the people all look up to you.“Rulers of states may not neglect to be careful.If they deviate to a mean selfishness, they will be a disgrace in the kingdom.『５』詩云，「殷之未喪師，克配上帝。儀監於殷，峻命不易。」道得眾，則得國；失眾，則失國。
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, ”Before the sovereigns of theYin dynasty had lost the hearts of the people, they could appear beforeGod.Take warning from the house of Yin.The great decree is not easilypreserved.“ This shows that, by gaining the people, the kingdom is gained, and, by losing the people, the kingdom is lost.『６』是故君子先慎乎德。有德，此有人；有人，此有土；有土，此有財；有財，此有用。
On this account, the ruler will first take pains about his ownvirtue.Possessing virtue will give him the people.Possessing the people will give the territory.Possessing the territory will give him its wealth.Possessing the wealth, he will have resources for expenditure.『７』德者本也。財者末也。
Virtue is the root;wealth is the result.『８』外本內末，爭民施奪。
If he make the root his secondary object, and the result his primary, he will only wrangle with his people, and teach them rapine.『９』是故財聚，則民散。財散，則民聚。
Hence, the accumulation of wealth is the way to scatter the people;and the letting it be scattered among them is the way to collect thepeople.『１０』是故言悖而出者亦悖而入；貨悖而入者亦悖而出。
And hence, the ruler's words going forth contrary to right, willcome back to him in the same way, and wealth, gotten by improper ways,will take its departure by the same.『１１』康誥曰，「惟命不於常?！沟郎苿t得之，不善則失之矣。
In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, ”The decree indeed maynot always rest on us“;that is, goodness obtains the decree, and the want of goodness loses it.『１２』楚書曰，「楚國無以為寶；惟善以為寶。」
In the Book of Ch'u, it is said, ”The kingdom of Ch'u does notconsider that to be valuable.It values, instead, its good men.“
『１３』舅犯曰，「亡人，無以為寶；仁親以為寶?！?/p>
Duke Wan's uncle, Fan, said, ”Our fugitive does not account that to be precious.What he considers precious is the affection due to hisparent.“
『１４』秦誓曰，「若有一介臣，斷斷兮，無他技，其心休休焉，其如有容焉，人之有技，若己有之，人之彥圣，其心好之，不啻若自其口出，實能容之：以能保我子孫黎民，尚亦有利哉。人之有技，疾以惡之，人之彥圣而違之，俾不通，不能容：以不能保我子孫黎民，亦曰殆哉。
In the Declaration of the Duke of Ch'in, it is said, ”Let me havebut one minister, plain and sincere, not pretending to other abilities,but with a simple, upright, mind;and possessed of generosity, regarding the talents of others as though he himself possessed them, and, where he finds accomplished and perspicacious men, loving them in his heart more than his mouth expresses, and really showing himself able to bear them and employ them:-such a minister will be able to preserve my sons and grandsons and black-haired people, and benefits likewise to the kingdom may well be looked for from him.But if it be his character, when he finds men of ability, to be jealous and hate them;and, when he finds accomplished and perspicacious men, to oppose them and not allow their advancement, showing himself really not able to bear them: such a minister will not be able to protect my sons and grandsons and people;and may he not also be pronounced dangerous to the state?“
『１５』唯仁人，放流之，迸諸四夷，不與同中國。此謂唯仁人，為能愛人，能惡人。
It is only the truly virtuous man who can send away such a man and banish him, driving him out among the barbarous tribes around, determined not to dwell along with him in the Auddle Kingdom.This is in accordance with the saying, ”It is only the truly virtuous man who can love or who can hate others.“
『１６』見賢而不能舉，舉而不能先，命也。見不善而不能退，退而不能遠，過也。
To see men of worth and not be able to raise them to office;toraise them to office, but not to do so quickly:-this is disrespectful.To see bad men and not be able to remove them;to remove them, but notto do so to a distance:-this is weakness.『１７』好人之所惡，惡人之所好：是謂拂人之性。必逮夫身。
To love those whom men hate, and to hate those whom men love;-thisis to outrage the natural feeling of men.Calamities cannot fail to come down on him who does so.『１８』是故君子，有大道必忠信以得之；驕泰以失之。
Thus we see that the sovereign has a great course to pursue.Hemust show entire self-devotion and sincerity to attain it, and by prideand extravagance he will fail of it.『１９』生財有大道，生之者眾，食之者寡。為之者疾，用之者舒。則財恒足矣。
There is a great course also for the production of wealth.Let the producers be many and the consumers few.Let there be activity in theproduction, and economy in the expenditure.Then the wealth will alwaysbe sufficient.『２０』仁者，以財發身。不仁者，以身發財。
The virtuous ruler, by means of his wealth, makes himself moredistinguished.The vicious ruler accumulates wealth, at the expense ofhis life.『２１』未有上好仁，而下不好義者也。未有好義，其事不終者也。未有府庫財非其財者也。
Never has there been a case of the sovereign loving benevolence,and the people not loving righteousness.Never has there been a case where the people have loved righteousness, and the affairs of the sovereign have not been carried to completion.And never has there been a case where the wealth in such a state, collected in the treasuries and arsenals, did not continue in the sovereign's possession.『２２』孟獻子曰，「畜馬乘，不察於雞豚。伐冰之家不畜牛羊。百乘之家不畜聚斂之臣，與其有聚斂之臣。寧有盜臣。此謂國不以利為利，以義為利也。The officer Mang Hsien said, ”He who keeps horses and a carriagedoes not look after fowls and pigs.The family which keeps its stores of ice does not rear cattle or sheep.So, the house which possesses a hundred chariots should not keep a minister to look out for imposts that he may lay them on the people.Than to have such a minister, it were better for that house to have one who should rob it of its revenues.“ This is in accordance with the saying:-”In a state, pecuniary gain is not to be considered to be prosperity, but its prosperity will be found in righteousness.“
『２３』長國家而務財用者，必自小人矣，彼為善之。小人之使為國家，害并至，雖有善者，亦無如之何矣。此謂國不以利為利，以義為利也。
When he who presides over a state or a family makes his revenueshis chief business, he must be under the influence of some small, meanman.He may consider this man to be good;but when such a person is employed in the administration of a state or family, calamities from Heaven, and injuries from men, will befall it together, and, though a good man may take his place, he will not be able to remedy the evil.This illustrates again the saying, ”In a state, gain is not to be considered prosperity, but its prosperity will be found in righteousness."
THE END
第四篇：希拉里紐約大學畢業典禮演講辭(中英文對照)
Commencement Speech at New York University by Hillary Clinton Thank you.Thank you so much.Thank you.And does it get any better than this, a graduation ceremony for one of the great universities in the world in the home of New York Yankees? Nothing could be better.(Applause.)And thanks to all of you for cheering a visitor.I didn't realize that was permitted in Yankee Stadium.I am honored to receive this degree.And on behalf of the other honorees, I say thank you.Thank you for giving us this singular privilege of being part of this commencement ceremony.As I look out at this huge crowd of graduates, family, and friends, I can only reflect on what an extraordinary moment in history you are receiving your degrees, a moment in time of our country and the world where your talents and your energy, your passion and commitment is more needed than ever.There is no doubt that you are well prepared for a world that seems somewhat uncertain but which will welcome the education that you have received on behalf of not only of yourselves and your families, but your communities and your country.As Secretary of State, I am well aware of the challenges that we face.You, as new graduates, and your generation will be up against those challenges: climate change and hunger, extreme poverty and extreme ideologies, new diseases and nuclear proliferation.But I am absolutely convinced that you and we are up to the task.There is no problem we face here in America or around the world that will not yield to human effort, to cooperation, to positive interdependence that makes clear humanity is going on, our challenges are ones that summon the best of us, and we will make the world better tomorrow than it is today.(Applause.)
Now, I know that it is fashionable in commencement speeches to be idealistic, and that may sound so, but at the root of my conviction is a strong sense of reality.Because you see, I don’t think we have a choice.We can sit on the sidelines, we can wring our hands, we can retreat into cynicism, and we know what the results will be: We will cede the field to those whose ideologies are absolutely anathema to people of conscience and faith all over the world.So our positive interdependence, which is a fact, will prepare us to meet these challenges.But they can no longer be seen just as government-to-government.There is a time and an opportunity, and with the new technologies available, for us to be citizen diplomats, citizen activists, to solve problems one by one that will give in to hard work, patience, and persistence, and will then aggregate to the solutions we seek.Now, I know we cannot send a special envoy to negotiate with a pandemic, or call a summit with carbon dioxide, or sever relations with the global financial crisis.To confront these threats and to seize the opportunities that they also present, we need to build new partnerships from the bottom up, and to use every tool at our disposal.That is the heart of smart power.But smart power requires smart people, people who have gone the distance for their education, who have opened themselves up to this increasingly complex and interconnected world, and this changing global landscape requires us to expand our concept of diplomacy.Now, when I was graduating so many years ago, diplomacy was the domain of privileged men working behind closed doors.Today, our diplomats are not limited, and our diplomacy is no longer confined to the State Department or our embassies.We are laying the foundation for 21st century statecraft.Where? In the classrooms of NYU, in the board rooms of the businesses of this great city, in the halls of academia, in the1
operating rooms of our great hospitals.We are looking for those personal commitments and connections, and that is where all of you come in.The biggest challenges we face today will be solved by the 60 percent of the world’s population under the age of 30.And already, young people, like all of you, are using their talents and ingenuity to help fashion their own brand of service and diplomacy.A few examples: In the nation of Colombia, two young college graduates, fed up with the violence in their country, used Facebook to organize 14 million people into the largest antiterrorism demonstrations in the history of the world.(Applause.)In a few short weeks, their peaceful efforts did as much damage to the terrorist networks as years of military action.I know that one of your graduates spent months on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro searching for sustainable development models to bring to women and families and help them lift themselves out of poverty.Another of your classmates was studying in China last year when the devastating earthquake struck, and that has led to work ever since to deliver supplies and assistance to villagers in remote areas.International students have gone on to fight for human rights in Rwanda, build civil society in the nation of Georgia, run businesses, and lead governments.And many of you, I know, used social networking platforms to make Barack Obama the President of the United States of America.(Applause.)
President Obama and I deeply understand how important it is for the young people of our country, but the young people of every country, to be given the opportunity to translate your beliefs and ideals into service and action, just as John Kennedy did when he created the Peace Corps and as President Bill Clinton did when he created AmeriCorps.This is in the tradition of citizen service.(Applause.)
So we need to figure out ways to prepare all of our institutions of government, including and especially the State Department, to harness the efforts of those who do not enter the Foreign Service but still engage in your own type of foreign service.Our State Department personnel are skilled, dedicated, passionate, and effective.And for those of you still looking for jobs, we are hiring a new generation of diplomats.(Applause.)
I hope many of you will join our ranks in the Foreign Service and the Civil Service, but I know that not all will choose to become professional diplomats, and I also know that the State Department alone cannot tackle these great problems.So my message to you today is this: Be the special envoys of your ideals;use the communication tools at your disposal to advance the interests of our nation and humanity everywhere;be citizen ambassadors using your personal and professional lives to forge global partnerships, build on a common commitment to solving our planet’s common problems.By creating your own networks, you can extend the power of governments to meet the needs of this and future generations.You can help lay the groundwork for the kind of global cooperation that is essential if we wish, in our time, to end hunger and defeat disease, to combat climate change, and to give every child the chance to live up to his or her God-given potential.(Applause.)
This starts with opportunities for educational exchanges, the kind of dorm room and classroom diplomacy that NYU is leading on.I want to commend my friend, your president, the trustees of this great university,for understanding and believing in the importance of educational exchanges.You know, study abroad is like spring training for this century.It helps you develop the fundamentals, the teamwork, and the determination to succeed.And we want more American students to have that opportunity.That’s why we are increasing funding for Gilman scholarships by more than 40 percent.More than 400 New Yorkers have used Gilman scholarships to spend a semester abroad, including nine students from NYU last year.Now, of course, study abroad is a two-way street, and we should bring more qualified students from other countries to study here.NYU provides a prime example of what international students can bring to a campus and how they can benefit themselves and their countries.Over 700,000 international students came to the United States last year, and NYU had the second largest number of any school in the country.(Applause.)
Now, the benefits from such exchanges are so great that I am committed to streamline the visa process –(applause)– particularly for science and technology students so that even more qualified students will come to our campuses in the future.We’re also doing more to marry technology with global service.That’s why today I am pleased to announce that over the next year the State Department will be creating Virtual Student Foreign Service Internships to harness the energy of a rising generation of citizen diplomats.Working from college and university campuses, American students will partner with our embassies abroad to conduct digital diplomacy that reflects the realities of the networked world.And you can learn more about this initiative on the State Department’s website.But I know that you don’t have to wait for us to create a new program.When you go home today, go online and find the website called Kiva, K-i-v-a, where you can help someone like San Ma, a mother in Vietnam who is seeking a microcredit loan to buy rice seed and fertilizer for her family farm;or log on to Heifer International’s site, and for less than the cost of a dinner out, you can donate a flock of geese to a hungry family in Asia or Africa;or help Wangari Mathai’s Green Belt movement in planting trees and offsetting carbon emissions and empowering women in Africa.Now, supporting these projects and others like them doesn't require a lot of time or money.But for the people you help and the planet you protect, your participation can be not just a game changer, but a life changer.Global service also means promoting good governance.We need informed citizens, both here at home and around the world, to hold their governments accountable for getting results and finding solutions.And this is not only directed at the graduates today, but there are a lot of proud mothers and fathers and husbands and wives and grandparents and children and others who have seen you to this day.And this is an offer and a challenge to all of us.In the times that we face, we know we don’t have a person to waste, we don’t have an idea to overlook.In fact, we have to be even more committed to reaching out and crossing the divides that too often separate us.For those who have come to this country to celebrate a child or a friend’s graduation, please take home this message: America more than ever wants your help;in fact, needs your help as we build these new partnerships and as we seek solutions to the global crises that cannot be solved by any one people or one government alone.We need each other.We always have.It’s just so much more apparent today.A flu starting in one country spreads quickly around the world.An extremist ideology starting with a few people explodes across the internet.A global financial crisis affects farmers and small business people in every corner of the globe.That is a new reality.But equally important is that we also now have the tools to work together to forge this common approach to these common threats.So, Class of 2009, you have an historic opportunity.Every class is told that, and to some extent I suppose it is always true.But just in the course of this commencement ceremony, you’ve heard several references to the global economic crisis.The times that you are graduating in are, yes, perhaps more difficult and somewhat more daunting.But that’s when we really rise together.One of the best lines from one of my favorite baseball movies, A League of Their Own –(applause)– said it well, “If it were easy, anybody could do it.”
You know, when the Yankees moved in to their old stadium next door in 1923, there was only person on the roster from west of St.Louis.Their team mostly looked the same, talked the same, and came from the same kind of cities and towns and rural areas across America.Think about the team that plays in this new stadium.It includes players from Mexico, Japan, Taiwan, Panama, four other countries.The Dominican Republic alone is home to seven Yankees.In the same way, NYU has evolved as well.The university was founded to serve the City of New York.Today it serves the world.We know that there is much yet ahead that none of us can predict.There is no way to stop change.Change will come.What is unknown is whether it will bring progress or not.But you have done what you needed to do to get the best insurance policy you could, and that is an NYU education.(Applause.)And so armed with that education, I have every confidence that you will not only succeed by the dint of your own hard work and effort, but you will contribute far beyond your own personal needs.This is your moment.You’ve made it to the big leagues, and you are up to bat.Go out and give us a future worthy of this great university, of this great city, of this great country, and of the world we all wish to create together.Thank you, congratulations, and Godspeed.(Applause.)
第五篇：名人演講中英文對照
釋放你的創造力
比爾蓋茨
I've been an optimist and I supposed that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems.So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked.It's was a clunky and teletype machine that barely do anything compared to the computer we have today.But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I stared Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators.But we believe that personal computer would change the world.And they have.And after 30 years, I still inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.我天生樂觀，堅信人類憑創造力和聰明才智可以讓世界日益美妙，這一設想一直根植于我的內心深處。
自從記事起，我就熱衷于接觸新事物、挑戰難題?？上攵疑掀吣昙墪r第一次坐在計算機前是何等著迷，如入無我之境。那是一臺鏘鏘作響的舊牌機器，和我們今天擁有的計算機相比，它相當遜色幾乎一無所用，但正是它改變了我的生活。
30年前，我和朋友保羅·艾倫創辦微軟時，我們幻想實現“在每個家庭、在每張辦公桌上都有一臺計算機”，這在大多數的計算機體積如同冰箱的尺寸的年代，聽起來有點異想天開。但是我們相信個人電腦將改變世界。今天看來果真如此。30年后，我仍然象上七年級的時候那樣為計算機而狂熱著迷。
I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness-to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own.Computer have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge.They're helping us build communicates around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day I love to do.He calls it “tap-dancing to work”.My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to the work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and the say: “I didn't know you can do that with a pc!”
But for all the cool things that a person can do with a pc, there are lots other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world.There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet.Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.我相信計算機是我們用來滿足好奇心及發明創造的最神奇的工具--有了它們的幫助，甚至是最聰明的人憑自身力量無法應對的難題都將迎刃而解。計算機已經改變了我們的學習方式，為全球各地的孩子們開啟了一扇通向大千世界知識的窗戶。它可以幫我們圍繞我們關注的事物建立“群”，讓我們和那些對自己重要的人保持密切聯系，不管他們身處何方。
就像我的朋友沃倫·布非一樣，我為每天都能做自己熱愛的事情而感到無比幸運。他稱之為“踢踏舞工作”。我在微軟的工作永遠充滿挑戰，但使我一直堅持“踢踏舞工作”的是我們向人們展示某些新成果的那些時刻，當他們看到計算機能辨認筆跡、語音或者能存儲值得保留一輩子的照片時就會贊不絕口：“我不敢相信個人電腦竟如此萬能”。但是，除了能用電腦做出很酷的事情之外，我們還能通過許多別的方式在工作中發揮自己的創造力和聰明才智，以改善我們的世界。全球仍有許許多多的人連最基本的生存需求都未能解決。舉例來說，每年仍有數以萬計的人死于那些在發達國家易于預防和治療的疾病。
I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility tp give back to the world.My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant.or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else.And that doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives.我認為，我所擁有的大量財富也使我負有回饋社會的責任。我的妻子梅林達和我致力于為盡可能多的人改善健康和教育.作為一個父親，我認為，非洲孩子死去所引起的痛苦和悲傷絲毫不亞于任何其他的孩子的死亡;我認為，使這些孩子們的命運發生翻天地覆的變化并不費太大力氣。
I'm still very optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible-and it's happening every day.We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology.And I believe that through our natural inventiveness , creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.我仍是一個堅定的樂觀主義者，我堅信即使世界級難題取得進展都是有可能的--其實每天也都在發生著這種事情。我們看到治療致命疾病的新藥、新的診斷器械不斷出現，而且，發展中國家的健康問題進入了人們的視野并日益得到重視。
我為醫藥、教育，當然還有技術發展的諸多前景而歡欣鼓舞。我相信，憑借人類與生俱來的發明創造能力和不畏艱難、堅忍不拔的品格，在我的有生之年里我們將在所有這些領域都創造出可喜的成就。
Duty, Honor, Country
MacArthur General Westmoreland, General Grove, distinguished guests, and gentlemen of the Corps!As I was leaving the hotel this morning, a doorman asked me, “Where are you bound for, General?” And when I replied, “West Point,” he remarked, “Beautiful place.Have you ever been there before?” No human being could fail to be deeply moved by such a tribute as this [Thayer Award].Coming from a profession I have served so long, and a people I have loved so well, it fills me with an emotion I cannot express.But this award is not intended primarily to honor a personality, but to symbolize a great moral code--the code of conduct and chivalry of those who guard this beloved land of culture and ancient descent.That is the animation of this medallion.For all eyes and for all time, it is an expression of the ethics of the American soldier.That I should be integrated in this way with so noble an ideal arouses a sense of pride and yet of humility which will be with me always: Duty, Honor, Country.Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be.They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail;to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith;to create hope when hope becomes forlorn.Unhappily, I possess neither that eloquence of diction, that poetry of imagination, nor that brilliance of metaphor to tell you all that they mean.The unbelievers will say they are but words, but a slogan, but a flamboyant phrase.Every pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite, every troublemaker, and I am sorry to say, some others of an entirely different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.But these are some of the things they do.They build your basic character.They mold you for your future roles as the custodians of the nation's defense.They make you strong enough to know when you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid.They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success;not to substitute words for actions, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge;to learn to stand up in the storm but to have compassion on those who fall;to master yourself before you seek to master others;to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high;to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep;to reach into the future yet never neglect the past;to be serious yet never to take yourself too seriously;to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength.They give you a temper of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of an appetite for adventure over love of ease.They create in your heart the sense of wonder, the unfailing hope of what next, and the joy and inspiration of life.They teach you in this way to be an officer and a gentleman.And what sort of soldiers are those you are to lead? Are they reliable? Are they brave? Are they capable of victory? Their story is known to all of you.It is the story of the American man-at-arms.My estimate of him was formed on the battlefield many, many years ago, and has never changed.I regarded him then as I regard him now--as one of the world's noblest figures, not only as one of the finest military characters, but also as one of the most stainless.His name and fame are the birthright of every American citizen.In his youth and strength, his love and loyalty, he gave all that mortality can give.He needs no eulogy from me or from any other man.He has written his own history and written it in red on his enemy's breast.But when I think of his patience under adversity, of his courage under fire, and of his modesty in victory, I am filled with an emotion of admiration I cannot put into words.He belongs to history as furnishing one of the greatest examples of successful patriotism.He belongs to posterity as the instructor of future generations in the principles of liberty and freedom.He belongs to the present, to us, by his virtues and by his achievements.In 20 campaigns, on a hundred battlefields, around a thousand campfires, I have witnessed that enduring fortitude, that patriotic self-abnegation, and that invincible determination which have carved his statue in the hearts of his people.From one end of the world to the other he has drained deep the chalice of courage.As I listened to those songs [of the glee club], in memory's eye I could see those staggering columns of the First World War, bending under soggy packs, on many a weary march from dripping dusk to drizzling dawn, slogging ankle-deep through the mire of shell-shocked roads, to form grimly for the attack, blue-lipped, covered with sludge and mud, chilled by the wind and rain, driving home to their objective, and for many, to the judgment seat of God.I do not know the dignity of their birth, but I do know the glory of their death.They died unquestioning, uncomplaining, with faith in their hearts, and on their lips the hope that we would go on to victory.Always, for them: Duty, Honor, Country;always their blood and sweat and tears, as we sought the way and the light and the truth.And 20 years after, on the other side of the globe, again the filth of murky foxholes, the stench of ghostly trenches, the slime of dripping dugouts;those boiling suns of relentless heat, those torrential rains of devastating storms;the loneliness and utter desolation of jungle trails;the bitterness of long separation from those they loved and cherished;the deadly pestilence of tropical disease;the horror of stricken areas of war;their resolute and determined defense, their swift and sure attack, their indomitable purpose, their complete and decisive victory--always victory.Always through the bloody haze of their last reverberating shot, the vision of gaunt, ghastly men reverently following your password of: Duty, Honor, Country.The code which those words perpetuate embraces the highest moral laws and will stand the test of any ethics or philosophies ever promulgated for the uplift of mankind.Its requirements are for the things that are right, and its restraints are from the things that are wrong.The soldier, above all other men, is required to practice the greatest act of religious training--sacrifice.In battle and in the face of danger and death, he discloses those divine attributes which his Maker gave when he created man in his own image.No physical courage and no brute instinct can take the place of the Divine help which alone can sustain him.However horrible the incidents of war may be, the soldier who is called upon to offer and to give his life for his country is the noblest development of mankind.You now face a new world--a world of change.The thrust into outer space of the satellite, spheres, and missiles mark the beginning of another epoch in the long story of mankind.In the five or more billions of years the scientists tell us it has taken to form the earth, in the three or more billion years of development of the human race, there has never been a more abrupt or staggering evolution.We deal now not with things of this world alone, but with the illimitable distances and as yet unfathomed mysteries of the universe.We are reaching out for a new and boundless frontier.We speak in strange terms: of harnessing the cosmic energy;of making winds and tides work for us;of creating unheard synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standard basics;to purify sea water for our drink;of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food;of disease preventatives to expand life into the hundreds of years;of controlling the weather for a more equitable distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine;of space ships to the moon;of the primary target in war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil populations;of ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy;of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all time.And through all this welter of change and development, your mission remains fixed, determined, inviolable: it is to win our wars.Everything else in your professional career is but corollary to this vital dedication.All other public purposes, all other public projects, all other public needs, great or small, will find others for their accomplishment.But you are the ones who are trained to fight.Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the sure knowledge that in war there is no substitute for victory;that if you lose, the nation will be destroyed;that the very obsession of your public service must be: Duty, Honor, Country.Others will debate the controversial issues, national and international, which divide men's minds;but serene, calm, aloof, you stand as the Nation's war-guardian, as its lifeguard from the raging tides of international conflict, as its gladiator in the arena of battle.For a century and a half you have defended, guarded, and protected its hallowed traditions of liberty and freedom, of right and justice.Let civilian voices argue the merits or demerits of our processes of government;whether our strength is being sapped by deficit financing, indulged in too long, by federal paternalism grown too mighty, by power groups grown too arrogant, by politics grown too corrupt, by crime grown too rampant, by morals grown too low, by taxes grown too high, by extremists grown too violent;whether our personal liberties are as thorough and complete as they should be.These great national problems are not for your professional participation or military solution.Your guidepost stands out like a ten-fold beacon in the night: Duty, Honor, Country.You are the leaven which binds together the entire fabric of our national system of defense.From your ranks come the great captains who hold the nation's destiny in their hands the moment the war tocsin sounds.The Long Gray Line has never failed us.Were you to do so, a million ghosts in olive drab, in brown khaki, in blue and gray, would rise from their white crosses thundering those magic words: Duty, Honor, Country.This does not mean that you are war mongers.On the contrary, the soldier, above all other people, prays for peace, for he must suffer and bear the deepest wounds and scars of war.But always in our ears ring the ominous words of Plato, that wisest of all philosophers: “Only the dead have seen the end of war.”
The shadows are lengthening for me.The twilight is here.My days of old have vanished, tone and tint.They have gone glimmering through the dreams of things that were.Their memory is one of wondrous beauty, watered by tears, and coaxed and caressed by the smiles of yesterday.I listen vainly, but with thirsty ears, for the witching melody of faint bugles blowing reveille, of far drums beating the long roll.In my dreams I hear again the crash of guns, the rattle of musketry, the strange, mournful mutter of the battlefield.But in the evening of my memory, always I come back to West Point.Always there echoes and re-echoes: Duty, Honor, Country.Today marks my final roll call with you, but I want you to know that when I cross the river my last conscious thoughts will be of The Corps, and The Corps, and The Corps.I bid you farewell.今天早晨，當我走出旅館時，看門人問道：“將軍，您上哪去？”一聽說我要去西點，他說：“那是個好地方，您從前去過嗎？”
這樣的榮譽是沒有人不深受感動的。長期以來，我從事這個職業，又如此熱愛這個民族，能獲得這樣的榮譽簡直使我無法表達我的感情。然而，這種獎賞主要并不意味著對個人的尊崇，而是象征一個偉大的道德準則——捍衛這塊可愛土地上的文化與古老傳統的那些人的行為與品質的準則。這就是這個大獎章的意義。無論現在還是將來，它都是美國軍人道德標準的一種體現。我一定要遵循這個標準，結合崇高的理想，喚起自豪感，同時始終保持謙虛??
責任一榮譽一國家。這三個神圣的名詞莊嚴地提醒你應該成為怎樣的人，可能成為怎樣的人，一定要成為怎樣的人。它們將使你精神振奮，在你似乎喪失勇氣時鼓起勇氣，似乎沒有理由相信時重建信念，幾乎絕望時產生希望。遺憾得很，我既沒有雄辯的詞令、詩意的想象，也沒有華麗的隱喻向你們說明它們的意義。懷疑者一定要說它們只不過是幾個名詞，一句口號，一個浮夸的短詞。每一個迂腐的學究，每一個蠱惑人心的政客，每一個玩世不恭的人，每一個偽君子，每一個惹是生非之徒，很遺憾，還有其他個性不甚正常的人，一定企圖貶低它們，甚至對它們進行愚弄和嘲笑。
但這些名詞確能做到：塑造你的基本特性，使你將來成為國防衛士；使你堅強起來，認清自己的懦弱，并勇敢地面對自己的膽怯。它們教導你在失敗時要自尊，要不屈不撓；勝利時要謙和，不要以言語代替行動，不要貪圖舒適；要面對重壓和困難，勇敢地接受挑戰；要學會巍然屹立于風浪之中，但對遇難者要寄予同情；要先律己而后律人；要有純潔的心靈和崇高的目標；要學會笑，但不要忘記怎么哭；要向往未來，但不可忽略過去；要為人持重，但不可過于嚴肅；要謙虛，銘記真正偉大的純樸，真正智慧的虛心，真正強大的溫順。它們賦予你意志的韌性，想象的質量，感情的活力，從生命的深處煥發精神，以勇敢的姿態克服膽怯，甘于冒險而不貪圖安逸。它們在你們心中創造奇妙的意想不到的希望，以及生命的靈感與歡樂。它們就是以這種方式教導你們成為軍人和君子。
你所率領的是哪一類士兵？他可*嗎？勇敢嗎？他有能力贏得勝利嗎？他的故事你全都熟悉，那是一個美國士兵的故事。我對他的估價是多年前在戰場上形成的，至今沒有改變。那時，我把他看作是世界上最高尚的人；現在，我仍然這樣看他。他不僅是一個軍事品德最優秀的人，而且也是一個最純潔的人。他的名字與威望是每一個美國公民的驕傲。在青壯年時期，他獻出了一切人類所賦予的愛情與忠貞。他不需要我及其他人的頌揚，因為他已用自己的鮮血在敵人的胸前譜寫了自傳?？墒?，當我想到他在災難中的堅忍，在戰火里的勇氣，在勝利時的謙虛，我滿懷的贊美之情不禁油然而升。他在歷史上已成為一位成功愛國者的偉大典范；他在未來將成為子孫認識解放與自由的教導者；現在，他把美德與成就獻給我們。在數十次戰役中，在上百個戰場上，在成千堆營火旁，我親眼目睹他堅韌不拔的不朽精神，熱愛祖國的自我克制以及不可戰勝的堅定決心，這些已經把他的形象銘刻在他的人民心中。從世界的這一端到另一端，他已經深深地為那勇敢的美酒所陶醉。
當我聽到合唱隊唱的這些歌曲，我記憶的目光看到第一次世界大戰中步履蹣跚的小分隊，從濕淋淋的黃昏到細雨蒙蒙的黎明，在透濕的背包的重負下疲憊不堪地行軍，沉重的腳踝深深地踏在炮彈轟震過的泥濘路上，與敵人進行你死我活的戰斗。他們嘴唇發青，渾身污泥，在風雨中戰抖著，從家里被趕到敵人面前，許多人還被趕到上帝的審判席上。我不了解他們生得高貴，可我知道他們死得光榮。他們從不猶豫，毫無怨恨，滿懷信心，嘴邊叨念著繼續戰斗，直到看到勝利的希望才合上雙眼。這一切都是為了它們——責任一榮譽一國家。當我們瞞珊在尋找光明與真理的道路上時，他們一直在流血、揮汗、灑淚。20年以后，在世界的另一邊，他們又面對著黑黝黝骯臟的散兵坑、陰森森惡臭的戰壕、濕淋淋污濁的坑道，還有那酷熱的火辣辣的陽光、疾風狂暴的傾盆大雨、荒無人煙的叢林小道。他們忍受著與親人長期分離的痛苦煎熬、熱帶疾病的猖獗蔓延、兵桌要地區的恐怖情景。他們堅定果敢的防御，他們迅速準確的攻擊，他們不屈撓的目的，他們全面徹底的勝利——永恒的勝利——永遠伴隨著他們最后在血泊中的戰斗。在戰斗中，那些蒼白憔悴的人們的目光始終莊嚴地跟隨著責任一榮譽一國家的口號。
這幾個名詞包合著最高的道德準則，并將經受任何為提高人類道德水準而傳播的倫理或哲學的檢驗。它所提倡的是正確的事物，它所制止的是謬誤的東西。高于眾人之上的戰士要履行宗教修煉的最偉大行為——犧牲。在戰斗中，面對著危險與死亡，他顯示出造物主按照自己意愿創造人類時所賦予的品質。只有神明能幫助他、支持他，這是任何肉體的勇敢與動物的本能都代替不了的。無論戰爭如何恐怖，召之即來的戰士準備為國捐軀是人類最崇高的進化?，F在，你們面臨著一個新世界 ——一個變革中的世界。人造衛星進入星際空間。衛星與導彈標志著人類漫長的歷史進入了另一個時代——太空時代。自然科學告訴我們，在50億年或更長的時期中，地球形成了；300萬年或更長的時期中，人類形成了；人類歷史還不曾有過一次更巨大、更令人驚訝的進化。我們不單要從現在這個世界，而且要從無法估算的距離，從神秘莫測的宇宙來論述事物。我們正在認識一個嶄新的無邊無際的世界。我們談論著不可思議的話題：控制宇宙的能源；讓風力與潮汐為我們所用；創造空前的合成物質以補充甚至代替古老的基本物質；凈化海水以供我們飲用；開發海底以作為財富與食品的新基地；預防疾病以使壽命延長幾百歲；調節空氣以使冷熱、晴雨分布均衡；登月宇宙飛船；戰爭中的主要目標不僅限于敵人的武裝力量，也包括其平民；切結起來的人類與某些星系行星的惡勢力的最根本矛盾；使生命成為有史以來最扣人心弦的那些夢境與幻想。
為了迎接所有這些巨大的變化與發展，你們的任務將變得更加堅定而不可侵犯，那就是贏得我們戰爭的勝利。你們的職業要求你們在這個生死關頭勇于獻身，此外，別無所求。其余的一切公共目的、公共計劃、公共需求，無論大小，都可以尋找其他辦法去完成；而你們就是受訓參加戰斗的，你們的職業就是戰斗——決心取勝。在戰爭中最明確的目標就是為了勝利，這是任何東西都代替不了的。假如你失敗了，國家就要遭到破壞，因此，你的職業唯一要遵循的就是責任一榮譽一國家。其他人將糾纏于分散人們思想的國內外問題的爭論，可是你將安詳、寧靜地屹立在遠處，作為國家的衛士，作為國際矛盾怒潮中的救生員，作為硝煙彌漫的競技場上的格斗士。一個半世紀以來，你們曾經防御、守衛、保護著解放與自由、權利與正義的神圣傳統。讓平民百姓去辯論我們政府的功過：我們的國力是否因長期財政赤字而衰竭，聯邦的家長式傳統是否勢力過大，權力集團是否過于驕橫自大，政治是否過于腐敗，犯罪是否過于猖獗，道德標準是否降得太低，捐稅是否提得太高，極端分子是否過于偏激，我們個人的自由是否像應有的那樣完全徹底。這些重大的國家問題與你們的職業毫不相干，也無需使用軍事手段來解決。你們的路標——責任一榮譽一國家，比夜里的燈塔要亮十倍。
你們是聯系我國防御系統全部機構的紐帶。當戰爭警鐘敲響時，從你們的隊伍中將涌現出手操國家命運的偉大軍官。還從來沒有人打敗過我們。假如你也是這樣，上百萬身穿橄欖色、棕色、藍色和灰色制服的靈魂將從他們的白色十字架下站起來，以雷霆般的聲音喊出那神奇的口號——責任一榮譽一國家。
這并不意味著你們是戰爭販子。相反，高于眾人之上的戰士祈求和平，因為他忍受著戰爭最深刻的傷痛與瘡疤?？墒牵覀兊亩吔洺ｍ懫鹉俏淮笾谴蠡鄣恼軐W之父柏拉圖的警世之言：“只有死者才能看到戰爭的終結?！?/p>
我的生命已近黃昏，暮色已經降臨。我過去的音調與色彩已經消失，它們已經隨著往事的夢境模糊地溜走了。往日的回憶是非常美好的，是以淚水洗滌，以昨天的微笑撫慰的。我渴望但徒然地聆聽著遠處那微弱而迷人的起床號聲，和那咚咚作響的軍鼓聲。在夢境里，我又聽到隆隆的炮聲，劈啪的步槍射擊聲，戰場上古怪而悲傷的低語聲。然而，在我黃昏的記憶中，我總是來到西點，耳邊始終回響著：責任一榮譽一國家。
今天標志我對你們的最后一次點名。但我希望你們知道，當我死去時，我最后自然想到的一定是你們這支部隊——這支部隊——這支部隊。
我向你們告別了。
克林頓告別白宮演說
Clinton Farewell Address to the Nation
My fellow citizens, tonight is my last opportunity to speak to you from the Oval Office as your President.I am profoundly grateful to you for twice giving me the honor to serve--to work for you and with you to prepare our nation for the 21st century.And I'm grateful to Vice President Gore, to my Cabinet Secretaries, and to all those who have served with me for the last eight years.This has been a time of dramatic transformation, and you have risen to every new challenge.You have made our social fabric stronger, our families healthier and safer, our people more prosperous.You, the American people, have made our passage into the global information age an era of great American renewal.In all the work I have done as President--every decision I have made, every executive action I have taken, every bill I have proposed and signed, I've tried to give all Americans the tools and conditions to build the future of our dreams in a good society, with a strong economy, a cleaner environment, and a freer, safer, more prosperous world.I have steered my course by our enduring values--opportunity for all, responsibility from all, a community of all Americans.I have sought to give America a new kind of government, smaller, more modern, more effective, full of ideas and policies appropriate to this new time, always putting people first, always focusing on the future.Working together, America has done well.Our economy is breaking records, with more than 22 million new jobs, the lowest unemployment in 30 years, the highest home ownership ever, the longest expansion in history.Our families and communities are stronger.Thirty-five million Americans have used the Family Leave law;8 million have moved off welfare.Crime is at a 25-year low.Over 10 million Americans receive more college aid, and more people than ever are going to college.Our schools are better.Higher standards, greater accountability and larger investments have brought higher test scores and higher graduation rates.More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and more than 7 million Americans have been lifted out of poverty.Incomes are rising across the board.Our air and water are cleaner.Our food and drinking water are safer.And more of our precious land has been preserved in the continental United States than at any time in a hundred years.America has been a force for peace and prosperity in every corner of the globe.I'm very grateful to be able to turn over the reins of leadership to a new President with America in such a strong position to meet the challenges of the future.Tonight I want to leave you with three thoughts about our future.First, America must maintain our record of fiscal responsibility.Through our last four budgets we've turned record deficits to record surpluses, and we've been able to pay down 軸 billion of our national debt, on track to be debt-free by the end of the decade for the first time since 1835.Staying on that course will bring lower interest rates, greater prosperity, and the opportunity to meet our big challenges.If we choose wisely, we can pay down the debt, deal with the retirement of the baby boomers, invest more in our future, and provide tax relief.Second, because the world is more connected every day, in every way, America's security and prosperity require us to continue to lead in the world.At this remarkable moment in history, more people live in freedom than ever before.Our alliances are stronger than ever.People all around the world look to America to be a force for peace and prosperity, freedom and security.The global economy is giving more of our own people and billions around the world the chance to work and live and raise their families with dignity.But the forces of integration that have created these good opportunities also make us more subject to global forces of destruction--to terrorism, organized crime and narco trafficking, the spread of deadly weapons and disease, the degradation of the global environment.The expansion of trade hasn't fully closed the gap between those of us who live on the cutting edge of the global economy and the billions around the world who live on the knife's edge of survival.This global gap requires more than compassion;it requires action.Global poverty is a powder keg that could be ignited by our indifference.In his first inaugural address, Thomas Jefferson warned of entangling alliances.But in our times, America cannot, and must not, disentangle itself from the world.If we want the world to embody our shared values, then we must assume a shared responsibility.If the wars of the 20th century, especially the recent ones in Kosovo and Bosnia, have taught us anything, it is that we achieve our aims by defending our values, and leading the forces of freedom and peace.We must embrace boldly and resolutely that duty to lead--to stand with our allies in word and deed, and to put a human face on the global economy, so that expanded trade benefits all peoples in all nations, lifting lives and hopes all across the world.Third, we must remember that America cannot lead in the world unless here at home we weave the threads of our coat of many colors into the fabric of one America.As we become ever more diverse, we must work harder to unite around our common values and our common humanity.We must work harder to overcome our differences, in our hearts and in our laws.We must treat all our people with fairness and dignity, regardless of their race, religion, gender or ***ual orientation, and regardless of when they arrived in our country;always moving toward the more perfect union of our founders' dreams.Hillary, Chelsea and I join all Americans in wishing our very best to the next President, George W.Bush, to his family and his administration, in meeting these challenges, and in leading freedom's march in this new century.As for me, I'll leave the presidency more idealistic, more full of hope than the day I arrived, and more confident than ever that America's best days lie ahead.My days in this office are nearly through, but my days of service, I hope, are not.In the years ahead, I will never hold a position higher or a covenant more sacred than that of President of the United States.But there is no title I will wear more proudly than that of citizen.Thank you.God bless you, and God bless America.中文：
美國東部時間1月18日晚間8時(北京時間1月19日上午9點)，即將離任的美國總統克林頓發表了電視講話，對他8年任期美國社會、經濟各方面的發展作出總結。全文如下：
同胞們，今晚是我最后一次作為你們的總統，在白宮橢圓形辦公室向你們做最后一次演講。
我從心底深處感謝你們給了我兩次機會和榮譽，為你們服務，為你們工作，和你們一起為我們的國家進入21世紀做準備。這里，我要感謝戈爾副總統，我的內閣部長們以及所有伴我度過過去8年的同事們?，F在是一個極具變革的年代，你們為迎接新的挑戰已經做好了準備。是你們使我們的社會更加強大，我們的家庭更加健康和安全，我們的人民更加富裕。
同胞們，我們已經進入了全球信息化時代，這是美國復興的偉大時代。
作為總統，我所做的一切---每一個決定，每一個行政命令，提議和簽署的每一項法令，都是在努力為美國人民提供工具和創造條件，來實現美國的夢想，建設美國的未來---一個美好的社會，繁榮的經濟，清潔的環境，進而實現一個更自由、更安全、更繁榮的世界。
借助我們永恒的價值，我駕馭了我的航程。機會屬于每一個美國公民；(我的)責任來自全體美國人民；所有美國人民組成了一個大家庭。我一直在努力為美國創造一個新型的政府：更小、更現代化、更有效率、面對新時代的挑戰充滿創意和思想、永遠把人民的利益放在第一位、永遠面向未來。
我們在一起使美國變得更加美好。我們的經濟正在破著一個又一個的記錄，向前發展。我們已創造了2200萬個新的工作崗位，我們的失業率是30年來最低的，老百姓的購房率達到一個空前的高度，我們經濟繁榮的持續時間是歷史上最長的。
我們的家庭、我們的社會變得更加強大。3500萬美國人曾經享受聯邦休假，800萬人重新獲得社會保障，犯罪率是25年來最低的，1000多萬美國人享受更多的入學貸款，更多的人接受大學教育。我們的學校也在改善。更高的辦學水平、更大的責任感和更多的投資使得我們的學生取得更高的考試分數和畢業成績。
目前，已有300多萬美國兒童在享受著醫療保險，700多萬美國人已經脫離了貧困線。全國人民的收入在大幅度提高。我們的空氣和水資源更加潔凈，食品和飲用水更加安全。我們珍貴的土地資源也得到了近百年來前所未有的保護。
美國已經成為地球上每個角落促進和平和繁榮的積極力量。
我非常高興能于此時將領導權交給新任總統，強大的美國正面臨未來的挑戰。
今晚，我希望大家能從以下3點審視我們的未來：第一，美國必須保持它的良好財政狀況。通過過去4個財政的努力，我們已經把破紀錄的財政赤字變為破紀錄的盈余。并且，我們已經償還了6000億美元的國債，我們正向10年內徹底償還國家債務的目標邁進，這將是1835年以來的第一次。
只要這樣做，就會帶來更低的利率、更大的經濟繁榮，從而能夠迎接將來更大的挑戰。如果我們做出明智的選擇，我們就能償還債務，解決(二戰后出生的)一大批人們的退休問題，對未來進行更多的投資，并減輕稅收。
第二，世界各國的聯系日益緊密。為了美國的安全與繁榮，我們應繼續融入世界。在這個特別的歷史時刻，更多的美國人民享有前所未有的自由。我們的盟國更加強大。全世界人民期望美國成為和平與繁榮、自由與安全的力量。全球經濟給予美國民眾以及全世界人民更多的機會去工作、生活，更體面地養活家庭。
但是，這種世界融合的趨勢一方面為我們創造了良好的機會，但同時使得我們在全球范圍內更容易遭致破壞性力量、恐怖主義、有組織的犯罪、販毒活動，致命性武器和疾病傳播的威脅。
盡管世界貿易不斷擴大，但它沒能縮小處于全球經濟繁榮中的我們同數十億處于死亡邊緣的人們之間的距離。
要解決世界貧富兩極分化需要的不是同情和憐憫，而是實際行動。貧窮有可能被我們的漠不關心激化而成為火藥桶。
托馬斯-杰斐遜在他的就職演說中告誡我們結盟的危害。但是，在我們這個時代，美國不能，也不可能使自己脫離這個世界。如果我們想把我們共有的價值觀賦予這個世界，我們必須共同承擔起這個責任。
如果20世紀的歷次戰爭，尤其是新近在科索沃地區和波斯尼亞爆發的戰爭，能夠讓我們得到某種教訓的話，我們從中得到的啟示應是：由于捍衛了我們的價值觀并領導了自由和和平的力量，我們才達到了目標。我們必須堅定勇敢地擁抱這個信念和責任，在語言和行動上與我們的同盟者們站在一起，領導他們按這條道路前進；循著在全球經濟中以人為本的觀念，讓不斷發展的貿易能夠使所有國家的所有人受益，在全世界范圍內提高他們的生活水平和實現他們的夢想。
第三，我們必須牢記如果我們不團結一致，美國就不能領先世界。隨著我們變得越來越多樣化，我們必須更加努力地團結在共同價值觀和共同人性的旗幟下。
我們要加倍努力地工作，克服生活中存在的種種分歧。于情于法，我們都要讓我們的人民受到公正的待遇，不論他是哪一個民族、信仰何種宗教、什么性別或性傾向，或者何時來到這個國家。我們時時刻刻都要為了實現先輩們建立高度團結的美利堅合眾國的夢想而奮斗。
希拉里、切爾西和我同美國人民一起，向即將就任的布什總統、他的家人及美國新政府致以衷心的祝福，希望新政府能夠勇敢面對挑戰，并高扛自由大旗在新世紀闊步前進。
對我來說，當我離開總統寶座時，我充滿更多的理想，比初進白宮時更加充滿希望，并且堅信美國的好日子還在后面。
我的總統任期就要結束了，但是我希望我為美國人民服務的日子永遠不會結束。在我未來的歲月里，我再也不會擔任一個能比美利堅合眾國總統更高的職位、簽訂一個比美利堅合眾國總統所能簽署的更為神圣的契約了。當然，沒有任何一個頭銜能讓我比作為一個美國公民更為自豪的了。
謝謝你們！愿上帝保佑你們！愿上帝保佑美國！
The Declaration of Independence
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776 THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed.That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes;and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies;and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government.The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States.To prove this, let facts be ted to a candid world.He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained;and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into
compliance with his measures.]
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his
invasion on the rights of the people.He has refused for a long time, after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected;whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise;the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without and convulsion within.He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states;for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners;refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent of laws for
establishing judiciary powers.He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their office, and the
amount and payment of their salary.He has erected a multitude of new officers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass
our people, and eat out our substances.He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our
legislatures.He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws;giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States.For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world;
For imposing taxes on us without our consent;
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury;
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses;
For abolishing the free systems of English laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule these Colonies;
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments;
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to
legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war
against us.He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives
of our people.He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized
nation.He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall
themselves by their hands.He has excited domestic insurrection amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petition have been answered only by repeated injury.A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a
free people.Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren.We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here.We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpation, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity.We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them., as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace
friends.We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled , appealing to the supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United States Colonies and Independent States;that they are absolved by from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do.And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives，our fortunes, and our sacred honor.在人類事務發展的過程中，當一個民族必須解除同另一個民族的聯系，并按照自然法則和上帝的旨意，以獨立平等的身份立于世界列國之林時，出于對人類輿論的尊重，必須把驅使他
們獨立的原因予以宣布。
我們認為下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主賦予他們若干不可讓與的權利，其中包括生存權、自由權和追求幸福的權利。為了保障這些權利，人們才在他們中間建立政府，而政府的正當權利，則是經被統治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦對這些目標的實現起破壞作用時，人民便有權予以更換或廢除，以建立一個新的政府。新政府所依據的原則和組織其權利的方式，務使人民認為唯有這樣才最有可能使他們獲得安全和幸福。若真要審慎的來說，成立多年的政府是不應當由于無關緊要的和一時的原因而予以更換的。過去的一切經驗都說明，任何苦難，只要尚能忍受，人類還是情愿忍受，也不想為申冤而廢除他們久已習慣了的政府形式。然而，當始終追求同一目標的一系列濫用職權和強取豪奪的行為表明政府企圖把人民至于專制暴政之下時，人民就有權也有義務去推翻這樣的政府，并為其未來的安全提供新的保障。這就是這些殖民地過去忍受苦難的經過，也是他們現在不得不改變政府制度的原因。當今大不列顛王國的歷史，就是屢屢傷害和掠奪這些殖民地的歷史，其直接目標就是要在各州之上建立一個獨裁暴政。為了證明上述句句屬實，現將事實公諸于世，讓
公正的世人作出評判。
他拒絕批準對公眾利益最有益、最必需的法律。
他禁止他的殖民總督批準刻不容緩、極端重要的法律，要不就先行擱置這些法律直至征得他的同意，而這些法律被擱置以后，他又完全置之不理。
他拒絕批準便利大地區人民的其他的法律，除非這些地區的人民情愿放棄自己在自己在立法機構中的代表權；而代表權對人民是無比珍貴的，只有暴君才畏懼它。
他把各州的立法委員召集到一個異乎尋常、極不舒適而有遠離他們的檔案庫的地方去開會，其目的無非是使他們疲憊不堪，被迫就范。
他一再解散各州的眾議院，因為后者堅決反對他侵犯人民的權利。
他在解散眾議院之后，又長期拒絕另選他人，于是這項不可剝奪的立法權便歸由普通人民來行使，致使在這其間各州仍處于外敵入侵和內部騷亂的種種危險之中。
他力圖阻止各州增加人口，為此目的，他阻撓外國人入籍法的通過，拒絕批準其他鼓勵
移民的法律，并提高分配新土地的條件。
他拒絕批準建立司法權利的法律，以阻撓司法的執行。
他迫使法官為了保住任期、薪金的數額和支付而置于他個人意志的支配之下。
他濫設新官署，委派大批官員到這里騷擾我們的人民，吞噬他們的財物。
他在和平時期，未經我們立法機構同意，就在我們中間維持其常備軍。
他施加影響，使軍隊獨立于文官政權之外，并凌駕于文官政權之上。
他同他人勾結，把我們置于一種既不符合我們的法規也未經我們法律承認的管轄之下，而且還批準他們炮制的各種偽法案，以便任其在我們中間駐扎大批武裝部隊；不論這些人對我們各州居民犯下何等嚴重的謀殺罪，他可用加審判來庇護他們，讓他們逍遙法外；他可以切斷我們同世界各地的貿易；未經我們同意便向我們強行征稅；在許多案件中剝奪我們享有陪審制的權益；以莫須有的罪名把我們押送海外受審；他在一個鄰省廢除了英國法律的自由制度，在那里建立專制政府，擴大其疆域，使其立即成為一個樣板和合適的工具，以便向這里各殖民地推行同樣的專制統治；他取消我們的許多特許狀，廢除我們最珍貴的法律并從根本上改變我們各州政府的形式；他終止我們立法機構行使權力，宣稱他們自己擁有在任何情
況下為我們制定法律的權力。
他們放棄設在這里的政府，宣稱我們已不屬他們保護之列，并向我們發動戰爭。
他在我們的海域里大肆掠奪，蹂躪我們的沿海地區，燒毀我們的城鎮，殘害我們人民的生命。
他此時正在運送大批外國雇傭兵，來從事其制造死亡、荒涼和暴政的勾當，其殘忍與卑劣從一開始就連最野蠻的時代也難以相比，他已完全不配當一個文明國家的元首。
他強迫我們在公海被他們俘虜的同胞拿起武器反對自己的國家，使他們成為殘殺自己親友的劊子手，或使他們死于自己親友的手下。
他在我們中間煽動內亂，并竭力挑唆殘酷無情的印地安蠻子來對付我們邊疆的居民，而眾所周知，印地安人作戰的準則是不分男女老幼、是非曲直，格殺勿論。
在遭受這些壓迫的每一階段，我們都曾以最謙卑的言辭吁請予以糾正。而我們一次又一次的情愿，卻只是被報以一次又一次的傷害。
一個君主，其品格被他的每一個只有暴君才干的出的行為所暴露時，就不配君臨自由的人民。
我們并不是沒有想到我們英國的弟兄。他們的立法機關想把無理的管轄權擴展到我們這里來，我們時常把這個企圖通知他們。我們也曾把我們移民來這里和在這里定居的情況告訴他們。我們曾懇求他們天生的正義感和雅量，念在同種同宗的分上，棄絕這些掠奪行為，因為這些掠奪行為難免會使我們之間的關系和來往中斷?？伤麄儗@種正義和同宗的呼聲也同樣充耳不聞。因此，我們不得不宣布脫離他們，以對待世界上其他民族的態度對待他們：同我交戰者，就是敵人；同我和好者，即為朋友。
因此我們這些在大陸會議上集會的美利堅合眾國的代表們，以各殖民地善良人民的名義，并經他們授權，向世界最高裁判者申訴，說明我們的嚴重意向，同時鄭重宣布：
我們這些聯合起來的殖民地現在是，而且按公理也應該是，獨立自由的國家；我們對英國王室效忠的全部義務，我們與大不列顛王國之間大不列顛一切政治聯系全部斷絕，而且必
須斷絕。
作為一個獨立自由的國家，我們完全有權宣戰、締和、結盟、通商和采取獨立國家有權
采取的一切行動。
我們堅定地信賴神明上帝的保佑，同時以我們的生命、財產和神圣的名譽彼此宣誓來支
持這一宣言。
杰斐遜起草了《獨立宣言》的第一稿，富蘭克林等人又進行了潤色。大陸會議對此稿又進行了長時間的、激烈的辯論，最終作出了重大的修改。特別是在佐治亞和卡羅來納代表們的堅持下，刪去了杰斐遜對英王喬治三世允許在殖民地保持奴隸制和奴隸買賣的有力譴責。這
一部分的原文是這樣的：
他的人性本身發動了殘酷的戰爭，侵犯了一個從未冒犯過他的遠方民族的最神圣的生存權和自由權；他誘騙他們，并把他們運往另一半球充當奴隸，或使他們慘死在運送途中。
托馬斯.杰斐遜(1743-1826)，生于弗吉尼亞的一個富裕家庭。曾就讀于威廉-瑪麗學院。1767年成為律師，1769年當選為弗吉尼亞下院議院。他積極投身于獨立運動之中，并代表弗吉尼亞出席大陸會議。他曾兩次當選弗吉尼亞州長。1800年當選美國總統。
杰斐遜在為自己的墓碑而作的墓志銘中這樣寫到：
這里埋葬著托馬斯.杰斐遜，美國《獨立宣言》的作者，弗吉尼亞宗教自由法規的制定
者和弗吉尼亞大學之父。
奧巴馬就拉登之死發表的全美電視講話全文
Good evening.Tonight, I can report to the American people and to the world that the United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of Al-Qaeda, and a terrorist who's responsible for the murder of thousands of innocent men, women, and children.今晚，我可以向美國民眾和全世界宣布，美國已經完成了消滅基地組織頭目本?拉登的行動，此人是屠殺數以千計無辜男女老少的恐怖分子。
It was nearly 10 years ago that a bright September day was darkened by the worst attack on the American people in our history.The images of 9/11 are seared into our national memory — hijacked planes cutting through a cloudless September sky;the Twin Towers collapsing to the ground;black smoke billowing up from the Pentagon;the wreckage of Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, where the actions of heroic citizens saved even more heartbreak and destruction.將近十年前，9月一個陽光明媚的早晨，美國民眾遭受了歷史上最嚴重的襲擊。9-11襲擊的一幕幕在我國民眾記憶中揮之不去。遭劫持的飛機劃破了9月云淡風輕的天空；世貿中心雙子塔瞬間倒塌；黑煙從五角大樓滾滾上升；墜毀在賓夕法尼亞州尚克斯維爾的93號航班殘骸，乘客們的英勇行為避免了更多慘劇和摧毀的發生。
And yet we know that the worst images are those that were unseen to the world.The empty seat at the dinner table.Children who were forced to grow up without their mother or their father.Parents who would never know the feeling of their child's embrace.Nearly 3,000 citizens taken from us, leaving a gaping hole in our hearts.然而我們知道，最慘痛的是那些未向全世界播出的畫面：餐桌旁空空如也的椅子；失去父母的兒童們；再也無法體會孩子擁抱的父母們。將近3000名市民離開了我們，同時在我們心中留下巨大空洞。
On September 11, 2001, in our time of grief, the American people came together.We offered our neighbors a hand, and we offered the wounded our blood.We reaffirmed our ties to each other, and our love of community and country.On that day, no matter where we came from, what God we prayed to, or what race or ethnicity we were, we were united as one American family.2001年9月11日，在我們這個悲痛的時刻，全體美國人走到了一起。我們向鄰居們伸出援手，為受傷者獻血。我們相互之間的關系更加牢固，我們對社區和國家的愛更加濃烈。在那一天，不管我們來自何處、不管我們向哪一位神靈祈禱，也無論我們的種族如何，我們都團結在一起，整個美國就像一個大家庭。
We were also united in our resolve to protect our nation and to bring those who committed this vicious attack to justice.We quickly learned that the 9/11 attacks were carried out by Al-Qaeda — an organization headed by Osama bin Laden, which had openly declared war on the United States and was committed to killing innocents in our country and around the globe.And so we went to war against Al-Qaeda to protect our citizens, our friends, and our allies.我們有著共同的決心，即矢志保衛我們的國家，并把那些發動了這場邪惡襲擊的人繩之以法。我們很快查明，發動9-11襲擊的是基地組織，該組織以奧薩馬?本?拉登為首，他們早已公開對美國宣戰，并在我們國家和全球其他地方殺害無辜人民。為了保護我們的公民、我們的朋友以及我們的盟友，我們展開了針對基地組織的戰爭。
Over the last 10 years, thanks to the tireless and heroic work of our military and our counterterrorism professionals, we've made great strides in that effort.We've disrupted terrorist attacks and strengthened our homeland defense.In Afghanistan, we removed the Taliban government, which had given bin Laden and Al-Qaeda safe haven and support.And around the globe, we worked with our friends and allies to capture or kill scores of Al-Qaeda terrorists, including several who were a part of the 9/11 plot.過去十年以來，得益于我們軍隊和專業反恐人員不知疲倦的英勇工作，我們在打擊基地組織方面取得了巨大進展。我們挫敗了多起恐怖襲擊，強化了本土安全。在阿富汗，我們推翻了向本?拉登和基地組織提供庇護傘和支持的塔利班政府。在世界范圍內，我們與友邦盟國共同合作逮捕或者擊斃大量的基地組織恐怖分子，包括那些參與9-11襲擊的。
Yet Osama bin Laden avoided capture and escaped across the Afghan border into Pakistan.Meanwhile, Al-Qaeda continued to operate from along that border and operate through its affiliates across the world.但是奧薩馬-本?拉登逃脫了追捕，從阿富汗邊境潛逃進入巴基斯坦。與此同時，基地組織繼續在阿巴邊境地區以及通過其分支機構在全球地區活動。
And so shortly after taking office, I directed Leon Panetta, the director of the CIA, to make the killing or capture of bin Laden the top priority of our war against Al-Qaeda, even as we continued our broader efforts to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat his network.我就任美國總統后不久，就曾命令中央情報局局長萊昂-帕內塔把擊斃或者抓捕本?拉登作為打擊基地組織戰爭的首要任務。我們也加強努力破壞、分解和打擊拉丹的恐怖網絡。
Then, last August, after years of painstaking work by our intelligence community, I was briefed on a possible lead to bin Laden.It was far from certain, and it took many months to run this thread to ground.I met repeatedly with my national security team as we developed more information about the possibility that we had located bin Laden hiding within a compound deep inside of Pakistan.And finally, last week, I determined that we had enough intelligence to take action, and authorized an operation to get Osama bin Laden and bring him to justice.去年八月，在我們的情報部門歷經數年的艱苦工作之后，我獲悉已經有了本?拉登的線索，盡管那時還遠遠無法確定。我們花費了數月才得以順藤摸瓜。我多次同國家安全人員會談，也有更多信息鎖定本?拉登就藏在巴基斯坦的一座建筑內。終于在上周，在我們有了充分的情報之后，我下令對奧薩馬-本?拉登采取行動，將他繩之以法。Today, at my direction, the United States launched a targeted operation against that compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan.A small team of Americans carried out the operation with extraordinary courage and capability.No Americans were harmed.They took care to avoid civilian casualties.After a firefight, they killed Osama bin Laden and took custody of his body.今天，在我的指示下，美軍對巴基斯坦阿巴德的一處目標實施了有針對性的行動。本次行動的執行者是一小隊有著非凡勇氣和能力的美國士兵，并沒有造成任何美國人傷亡。雙方交火后，美國士兵打死了奧薩馬-本?拉登，并且掌握了本?拉登的尸體。
For over two decades, bin Laden has been Al-Qaeda's leader and symbol, and has continued to plot attacks against our country and our friends and allies.The death of bin Laden marks the most significant achievement to date in our nation's effort to defeat Al-Qaeda.在過去的二十年里，本?拉登一直是基地組織的頭目和象征，并且不斷地策劃針對我們國家、朋友和盟友的襲擊。本?拉登之死是我們在打擊基地組織的努力中，迄今為止取得的最為重要的成就。
Yet his death does not mark the end of our effort.There's no doubt that Al-Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks against us.We must--and we will--remain vigilant at home and abroad.本?拉登的死并不意味著我們工作的結束。毫無疑問，基地組織將會繼續對我們實施攻擊。因此，我們必須并且繼續對國內外的情況保持警惕。
As we do, we must also reaffirm that the United States is not — and never will be--at war with Islam.I've made clear, just as President Bush did shortly after 9/11, that our war is not against Islam.Bin Laden was not a Muslim leader;he was a mass murderer of Muslims.Indeed, Al-Qaeda has slaughtered scores of Muslims in many countries, including our own.So his demise should be welcomed by all who believe in peace and human dignity.如我們做的那樣，我們還必須重申美國沒有也絕對不會對伊斯蘭發動戰爭。正如小布什總統在9-11事件之后我曾經明確表示，我們的戰爭并非針對伊斯蘭。本?拉登并非一個穆斯林領袖，相反，他屠殺了大量的穆斯林人民。事實上，基地組織在包括美國在內的很多國家都屠殺了許多穆斯林。所有愛好和平并相信人之尊嚴者都會為他的死而歡欣鼓舞。
Over the years, I've repeatedly made clear that we would take action within Pakistan if we knew where bin Laden was.That is what we've done.But it's important to note that our counterterrorism cooperation with Pakistan helped lead us to bin Laden and the compound where he was hiding.Indeed, bin Laden had declared war against Pakistan as well, and ordered attacks against the Pakistani people.在過去的數年里，我一再重申，如果我們確認本?拉登在巴基斯坦境內棲身，我們將采取行動。我們這次就是這么做的。這里我們必須指出同巴基斯坦在反恐上的合作在這次行動中幫助我們找到并確認了本?拉登的藏身之所。事實上，本?拉登早已對巴基斯坦宣戰并且命令采取行動襲擊巴基斯坦人民。
Tonight, I called President Zardari, and my team has also spoken with their Pakistani counterparts.They agree that this is a good and historic day for both of our nations.And going forward, it is essential that Pakistan continue to join us in the fight against al Qaeda and its affiliates.今晚我已經同扎爾達里總統通了電話，同時我的同事也與巴基斯坦方面的相應官員進行了交流。我們一致認為今天對美巴兩國人民來說都是一個值得紀念的日子。雙方都同意未來巴基斯坦還將同美國一起展開針對基地組織及其分支機構的行動。
The American people did not choose this fight.It came to our shores, and started with the senseless slaughter of our citizens.After nearly 10 years of service, struggle, and sacrifice, we know well the costs of war.These efforts weigh on me every time I, as Commander-in-Chief, have to sign a letter to a family that has lost a loved one, or look into the eyes of a service member who's been gravely wounded.美國人民并不想要這場戰爭，這一切都源于一場對美國本土無辜平民的無端殘殺。10年的斗爭和犧牲，使我們深切體會到這場戰爭的代價。作為美國三軍統帥，每次在給陣亡士兵家人的信上簽名，每次看到被重傷軍人的眼睛，我都感到沉重的壓力。
So Americans understand the costs of war.Yet as a country, we will never tolerate our security being threatened, nor stand idly by when our people have been killed.We will be relentless in defense of our citizens and our friends and allies.We will be true to the values that make us who we are.And on nights like this one, we can say to those families who have lost loved ones to Al-Qaeda's terror: Justice has been done.美國人民清楚戰爭必然會有傷亡，知道戰爭必然要我們付出代價。但是作為一個國家，我們更是絕對不能容忍有人威脅我們的安全，也不能看著我們的人民被殺害還坐視不管。我們將堅持不懈地保護美國公民、朋友和盟友。我們將永遠堅持那些我們所認可的價值。這個晚上，讓我們對那些因基地恐怖分子而失去親人至愛的家庭說，正義終于得到了伸張。
Tonight, we give thanks to the countless intelligence and counterterrorism professionals who've worked tirelessly to achieve this outcome.The American people do not see their work, nor know their names.But tonight, they feel the satisfaction of their work and the result of their pursuit of justice.我們要感謝那些情報和反恐界的專業人士，正是他們孜孜不倦的工作才促成了今天的勝利。美國人民看不到他們的工作，也不知道他們的名字。但是在這個晚上，這些人能夠真切地感受到付出得到回報、正義得以伸張的滿足。
We give thanks for the men who carried out this operation, for they exemplify the professionalism, patriotism, and unparalleled courage of those who serve our country.And they are part of a generation that has borne the heaviest share of the burden since that September day.我們還要感謝那些參與了這次行動的軍人，他們是所有為國盡忠的士兵們的代表，展現出了專業、愛國和無可比擬的勇氣。他們在9-11之后承擔了最重的責任。
Finally, let me say to the families who lost loved ones on 9/11 that we have never forgotten your loss, nor wavered in our commitment to see that we do whatever it takes to prevent another attack on our shores.最后，我還要對那些在9-11恐怖襲擊中失去至親至愛的家庭說，我們從來沒有忘記過你們的損失，我們也從來沒有動搖所做出的承諾，那就是竭盡全力讓國家免遭新的襲擊。
And tonight, let us think back to the sense of unity that prevailed on 9/11.I know that it has, at times, frayed.Yet today's achievement is a testament to the greatness of our country and the determination of the American people.這個夜晚，讓我們重新回顧在9-11襲擊發生后美國上下緊密團結的情景，我知道那種團結在有些時候已經淡化。但是今天的成就證明了美國的偉大和美國人的決心。
The cause of securing our country is not complete.But tonight, we are once again reminded that America can do whatever we set our mind to.That is the story of our history, whether it's the pursuit of prosperity for our people, or the struggle for equality for all our citizens;our commitment to stand up for our values abroad, and our sacrifices to make the world a safer place.請記住，保衛我們國家的事業并沒有終結。但是今天我們再次印證只要美國下定決心，這個國家想做的事情就一定能夠實現。這是我們國家的歷史：不管是為了人民的繁榮還是國民的平等，我們對全球傳遞美國價值觀的承諾不變，我們為世界安全寧愿自我犧牲的承諾不變。Let us remember that we can do these things not just because of wealth or power, but because of who we are: one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.我們要牢記，做這些并僅是為了財富或者權勢，而是因為我們生來如此，我們生來要為所有人爭取自由和公正。
Thank you.May God bless you.And may God bless the United States of America.感謝你們，上帝保佑大家，上帝保佑美利堅合眾國。
Always on the Side of the Egg
Written by Haruki Murakami
Good evening.I have come to Jerusalem today as a novelist, which is to say as a professional 1)spinner of lies.Today, however, I have no intention of lying.I will try to be as honest as I can.There are only a few days in the year when I do not engage in telling lies, and today happens to be one of them.So let me tell you the truth.In Japan a fair number of people advised me not to come here to accept the Jerusalem Prize.Some even warned me they would 2)instigate a 3)boycott of my books if I came.The reason for this, of course, was the fierce fighting that was raging in Gaza.Finally, however, after careful consideration, I made up my mind to come here.One reason for my decision was that all too many people advised me not to do it.It’s in my nature, you might say, as a novelist.Novelists are a special breed.They cannot 4)genuinely trust anything they have not seen with their own eyes or touched with their own hands.And that is why I am here.I chose to come here rather than stay away.I chose to see for myself rather than not to see.I chose to speak to you rather than to say nothing.Please do allow me to deliver a message, one very personal message.It is something that I always keep in mind while I am writing fiction.I have never gone so far as to write it on a piece of paper and paste it to the wall: rather, it is carved into the wall of my mind, and it goes something like this:
“Between a high, solid wall and an egg that breaks against it, I will always stand on the side of the egg.”
Think of it this way.Each of us is, more or less, an egg.Each of us is a unique, irreplaceable soul enclosed in a fragile shell.This is true of me, and it is true of each of you.And each of us, to a greater or lesser degree, is confronting a high, solid wall.The wall has a name: it is “The System.” The System is supposed to protect us, but sometimes it takes on a life of its own, and then it begins to kill us and cause us to kill others—coldly, efficiently, systematically.I have only one reason to write novels, and that is to bring the dignity of the individual soul to the surface and shine a light upon it.The purpose of a story is to sound an alarm, to keep a light 5)trained on The System in order to prevent it from 6)tangling our souls in its web and demeaning them.I truly believe it is the novelist’s job to keep trying to clarify the uniqueness of each individual soul by writing stories—stories of life and death, stories of love, stories that make people cry and quake with fear and shake with laughter.This is why we go on, day after day, 7)concocting fictions with utter seriousness.I have only one thing I hope to convey to you today.We are all human beings, individuals 8)transcending nationality and race and religion, and we are all fragile eggs faced with a solid wall called The System.To all appearances, we have no hope of winning.The wall is too high, too strong—and too cold.If we have any hope of victory at all, it will have to come from our believing in the utter uniqueness and irreplaceability of our own and others’ souls and from our believing in the warmth we gain by joining souls together.晚上好。今天我來到耶路撒冷，以一個小說家的身份，也就是說，以一個職業撒謊者的身份。
然而今天，我不想撒謊。我會試著盡量誠實。一年之中僅僅只有幾天時間，我會不講謊話，而今天碰巧就是其中之一。
所以請允許我告訴你們真相。在日本，許多人建議我不要來這里接受耶路撒冷文學獎。有一些人甚至警告我，說如果我來了，他們會對我的書發起抵制。這一切的原因當然在于，加沙地帶所發生的慘烈的戰火。
然而最終，經過審慎的考慮后，我決意到這里來。我作此決定的一個原因就是太多人建議我不要來到這里。也許你們會說，這是我作為小說家的天性。小說家們都是天生異品。他們就是不肯真正相信任何非親眼目睹或親手觸碰的事物。
所以那就是我為什么來到了這里的原因。我選擇了到這里來而非回避。我選擇了親眼見證，而非蒙蔽雙眼。我選擇了向你們開口說話，而非沉默不語。
請允許我，傳達一條訊息，一條非常個人的訊息。這是我在撰寫小說時總是牢記在心的。我從來沒有真的將其形諸于文字、貼在墻上。我將它刻在我內心的墻上，這句話是這樣說的：
“若要在堅實高墻與以卵擊石的雞蛋之間作選擇，我永遠會選擇站在雞蛋這一邊?！?/p>
試著這樣想：我們每個人，或多或少都可被視為一枚雞蛋。我們每一個人都是一個獨特的、不可替代的靈魂，而這靈魂覆蓋著一個脆弱的外殼。我是這樣，而且你們也是這樣。而且我們每一個人，在不同程度上，都在面對著一堵高大的、堅固的墻。而這堵墻有一個名字：叫做“體制”。這個體制本來應該保護我們，但是有時候它自懷生命，而這時它開始扼殺我們，并且慫恿我們互相殘殺——冷血地、有效地、系統性地殘殺。
我寫作小說只有一個原因，而那就是為了彰顯個體靈魂的尊嚴，并投以希望之光。一個故事的目的是敲響一個警鐘，照亮這個體制，從而令我們的靈魂不至迷陷于體制的巨網當中，不至于被體制損害。我深信小說作者的職責就是通過寫作，不斷地去嘗試揭露個體靈魂的獨特性——那些關于生與死的故事，那些關于愛的故事，那些讓人們落淚、恐懼戰栗、歡笑顫抖的故事。這就是我們繼續編寫的原因，日復一日地用極致的嚴肅捏造著虛幻的小說。
今天我想傳達給你們的訊息只有一個。那就是：我們都是人類，是超越了國籍、種族和信仰的個體，并且我們都是面對著名為“體制”的堅實高墻的脆弱的雞蛋。照一切外部條件看來，我們根本沒有贏的希望。墻，太高，太強大——而且太冷酷了。如果我們還有一點點勝利的希望，那么它將源自于我們相信自己和他人的靈魂當中有一種極致的獨特性和不可替代性，源自于我們相信靈魂的締結所能獲得的溫暖。
Blood, Sweat And Tears
Winston Churchill May 13, 1940
On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.I have already completed the most important part of this task.A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events.Other key positions were filled yesterday.I am submitting a further list to the King tonight.I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer.I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today.At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be.Business for that will be notified to M.P.'s at the earliest opportunity.I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government.The resolution
That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion.To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself.But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history.We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean.The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for mer colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind.We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air.War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.That is our policy.You ask, what is our aim I can answer in one word, It is victory.Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized.No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope.I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.星期五晚上，我接受了英王陛下的委托，組織新政府。這次組閣，應包括所有的政黨，既有支持上屆政府的政黨，也有上屆政府的反對黨，顯而易見，這是議會和國家的希望與意愿。我已完成了此項任務中最重要的部分。戰時內閣業已成立，由5位閣員組成，其中包括反對黨的自由主義者，代表了舉國一致的團結。三黨領袖已經同意加入戰時內閣，或者擔任國家高級行政職務。三軍指揮機構已加以充實。由于事態發展的極端緊迫感和嚴重性，僅僅用一天時間完成此項任務，是完全必要的。其他許多重要職位已在昨天任命。我將在今天晚上向英王陛下呈遞補充名單，并希望于明日一天完成對政府主要大臣的任命。其他一些大臣的任命，雖然通常需要更多一點的時間，但是，我相信會議再次開會時，我的這項任務將告完成，而且本屆政府在各方面都將是完整無缺的。
我認為，向下院建議在今天開會是符合公眾利益的。議長先生同意這個建議，并根據下院決議所授予他的權力，采取了必要的步驟。今天議程結束時，建議下院休會到5月21日星期二。當然，還要附加規定，如果需要的話，可以提前復會。下周會議所要考慮的議題，將盡早通知全體議員。現在，我請求下院，根據以我的名義提出的決議案，批推已采取的各項步驟，將它記錄在案，并宣布對新政府的信任。
組成一屆具有這種規模和復雜性的政府，本身就是一項嚴肅的任務。但是大家一定要記住，我們正處在歷史上一次最偉大的戰爭的初期階段，我們正在挪威和荷蘭的許多地方進行戰斗，我們必須在地中海地區做好準備，空戰仍在繼續，眾多的戰備工作必須在國內完成。在這危急存亡之際，如果我今天沒有向下院做長篇演說，我希望能夠得到你們的寬恕。我還希望，因為這次政府改組而受到影響的任何朋友和同事，或者以前的同事，會對禮節上的不周之處予以充分諒解，這種禮節上的欠缺，到目前為止是在所難免的。正如我曾對參加本屆政府的成員所說的那樣，我要向下院說：“我沒什么可以奉獻，有的．只是熱血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水?！?/p>
擺在我們面前的，是一場極為痛苦的嚴峻的考驗。在我們面前，有許多許多漫長的斗爭和苦難的歲月。你們問：我們的政策是什么我要說，我們的政策就是用我們全部能力，用上帝所給予我們的全部力量，在海上、陸地和空中進行戰爭，同一個在人類黑暗悲慘的罪惡史上所從未有過的窮兇極惡的暴政進行戰爭。這就是我們的政策。你們問：我們的目標是什么我可以用一個詞來回答：勝利——不惜一切代價，去贏得勝利；無論多么可怕，也要贏得勝利，無論道路多么遙遠和艱難，也要贏得勝利。因為沒有勝利，就不能生存。大家必須認識到這一點：沒有勝利，就沒有英帝國的存在，就沒有英帝國所代表的一切，就沒有促使人類朝著自己目標奮勇前進這一世代相因的強烈欲望和動力。但是當我挑起這個擔子的時候，我是心情愉快、滿懷希望的。我深信，人們不會聽佳我們的事業遭受失敗。此時此刻，我覺得我有權利要求大家的支持，我要說：“來吧，讓我們同心協力，一道前進?！?/p>
奧巴馬上海演講
Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)
What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression_r_r_r and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)So--I just want to make sure this works.This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings.And what we're going to do is I will just--if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands.I will call on you.And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.So let me begin, though, by seeing--and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then--so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair.All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front.Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you.And what's your name? Q
My name is(inaudible)and I am a student from Fudan University.Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges.So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year.Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question.I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago--my home town--that he's visited there twice.And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities.One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint.And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China.But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well.So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies.We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai.I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail.In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient.And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating.And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor.And so I would love to attend.I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S.pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here.So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting.Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city.So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai.Thank you.你們好。能夠有機會在上海跟你們大家交談，我深感榮幸。我要感謝復旦大學的楊校長，感謝他的款待和熱情的歡迎。我還要感謝我們出色的大使洪博培，他代表了我們兩國之間的深遠聯系和相互尊重。我不知道他剛才說什么，但是希望他說得不錯。（笑聲）
我今天準備先做一個開場白，但我真正希望做的是回答問題，不但回答在座的學生提出的問題，同時也回答從網上提出的一些問題，這些問題由在座的一些學生和洪博培大使代為提出。很抱歉，我的中文不如你們的英文，但我期待著這個和你們對話的機會。
這是我首次訪問中國，看到你們壯麗的國家，我感到很興奮。在上海，我們看到了全球矚目的發展——高聳的大廈、繁忙的街道和如火如荼的商業活動。中國邁向21世紀的這些景象給我留下了深刻印象。同時，我也期盼看到向我們展現中國悠久歷史的古跡。明天和后天我會在北京，希望有機會看到壯觀的故宮和被譽為“奇跡”的長城。的確，這是一個既有豐富的歷史，又對未來的希望充滿信心的國家。
我們兩國的關系也是如此。毫無疑問，上海在美中關系史上是一個具有重大意義的城市。正是在這里，37年前發布的《上海公報》（Shanghai Communique）開啟了我們兩國政府和兩國人民接觸交往的新篇章。然而，美國與這個城市以及這個國家的紐帶可以追溯到更久遠的過去，直至美國獨立初期。
1784年，我們的建國之父喬治·華盛頓派遣“中國女皇號”（Empress of China）駛往中國海岸，尋求與清朝通商。華盛頓希望看到這條懸掛美國國旗的船前往世界各地，與像中國這樣的國家建立新的關系。這是美國人一貫的愿望——希望與新的國家建立新的、互利的伙伴關系。
在此后的兩個世紀中，歷史洪流使我們兩國關系向許多不同的方向發展，但即使在動蕩的歲月中，兩國人民也抓住機會發展了深入的、甚至極不平凡的關系。例如，美國人民永遠不會忘記，二戰期間，美國飛行員在中國上空被擊落后，中國公民冒著失去一切的危險護理他們。參加過二戰的中國老兵仍然熱情歡迎故地重游的美國老兵，他們曾經在那里作戰，幫助中國從殖民統治下獲得解放。
近40年前，一個小小的乒乓球帶來了兩國關系的解凍，使我們兩國建立起另一種聯系。這種方式令人意外，但卻恰恰促成了其成功，因為盡管我們之間存在許多分歧，但是我們共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以從中顯現。正如一位美國乒乓球隊員在回憶對中國的訪問時所說：“那里的人民和我們一樣……這個國家和美國有許多相似之處，也有很大區別?！?無須贅言，這個小小的契機帶來了《上海公報》的問世，并最終促使美中兩國在1979年建立正式外交關系。請看在此后的30年，我們取得了多么長足的進展。1979年，美中貿易額約為50億美元，今天，貿易額已經超過4000億美元。貿易在許多方面影響著兩國人民的生活，美國電腦中的許多元件以及我們所穿的衣服都是從中國進口的，我們向中國出口你們的工業需要的機器。這種貿易可以在太平洋兩岸創造更多的就業機會，讓我們的人民過上質量更高的生活。隨著需求趨于平衡，雙方的貿易能夠讓兩國的經濟更為繁榮。
1979年，美中之間的政治合作主要立足于雙方共同面對的競爭對手蘇聯。如今我們享有積極的、建設性的、全面的關系，為我們在當今時代的關鍵性全球問題上建立伙伴關系打開了大門，這些問題包括：經濟復蘇和清潔能源開發、制止核武器擴散和氣候變化的影響、在亞洲及全球各地促進和平與安全。所有這些問題都是我明天與胡主席會談的內容。
1979年，我們兩國人民的聯系十分有限。今天，我們看到當年乒乓球隊員的好奇心已經化為許多領域的紐帶，中國留學生在美國的人數名列第二，而在美國學生中，學中文的人數增加了50%。我們兩國有近200個友好城市，把我們的社區連接在一起。美中科學家合作開展新的研究與探索。當然，姚明只是我們兩國人民共同熱愛籃球的其中一個標志——遺憾的是，此行我不能觀看上海大鯊魚隊的比賽。
我們兩國之間的關系相伴著一個積極變化的時期，這不是偶然的。中國實現了億萬人民脫貧，這一成就史無前例，同時，中國在全球問題中也在發揮更大的作用。美國在促使冷戰順利結束的同時，也取得了經濟發展，人民的生活水平得到提高。
中國有句名言：“溫故而知新?！碑斎?，過去30年中我們也曾遇到挫折和挑戰，我們的關系不是沒有分歧和困難。但是，“我們必然是對手”的概念并非是注定不變的——回顧過去不會是這樣。由于我們的合作，美中兩國都更加繁榮、更加安全。我們已經看到我們本著共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。
可是，這種接觸的成功取決于理解，取決于繼續進行開誠布公的對話，相互了解，相互學習。正如前面提到的那位美國乒乓球隊員所說——作為人，我們有著許多共同之處，但是我們兩國在某些方面存在著差別。
我認為每個國家都必須規劃自己的前進方向。中國是一個文明古國，文化深遠。而美國相對而言是一個年輕的國家，它的文化由來自許多不同國家的移民以及指導我國民主制度的建國綱領所形成。這些綱領中提出了對人類事務的簡單明了的矚望，并包含了一些核心原則——不論男女人人生而平等，都享有某些基本權利；政府應當反映民意，并對人民的愿望作出回應；商貿應該是開放的，信息應該自由流通；司法保障應該來自法治而不是人治。
當然，我國的歷史也并非沒有困難的篇章。在很多方面，在很長的時間里，我們要通過斗爭去實現這些原則對全體人民的承諾，締造一個更趨完善的聯邦。我們曾打過一場很痛苦的南北戰爭，將我國的一部分人口從奴役下解放出來。婦女獲得投票權、勞工贏得組織權、來自世界各地的移民得到完全的接納——這些都是經過了一段時間才實現的。非洲裔美國人即使在獲得自由后依然生活在被隔離和不平等的條件下，他們經過不懈努力才最終贏得全面、平等的權利。
所有這些都不曾輕而易舉。但是，由于我們對這些核心原則的堅定信念，我們取得了進步，這些原則指引我們沖過了最黑暗的風暴。這就是為什么林肯能在南北戰爭中挺身而出并宣布，這是一場考驗一個孕育于自由之中、“忠實于人人生而平等這一原則”的國家能否永存的斗爭。這也就是為什么馬丁·路德·金博士能夠站立在林肯紀念堂的臺階上，要求我們的國家實踐自身信仰的真正含義。這也就是為什么來自從中國到肯尼亞的各國移民能夠在我國的土地上安家；為什么所有努力尋求機會的人都能獲得機會；為什么像我這種在不到50年前在美國的某些地方連投票都遇到困難的人，現在能夠出任這個國家的總統。
這就是為什么美國一直在全世界為這些核心原則而大聲疾呼。我們不尋求把任何政治體制強加給任何別的國家，但是我們也不認為我們主張的這些原則是我們國家所獨有的。表達自由和宗教信仰自由——獲得信息和政治參與的自由——我們認為這些自由都是普世的權利，所有人都應當享有，包括少數民族和宗教少數派，不管是在美國、中國還是在任何其他國家。正是對普世權利的尊重指導著美國向其他國家開放，尊重各種不同的文化，致力于遵守國際法，并對未來抱有信念。
這些都是你們應當了解的美國的情況。我也知道中國有很多有待我們了解的情況。環顧一下這座偉大的城市——環顧一下這個大廳——我確信我們兩個國家有一個很重要的共同點，那就是我們對未來的信念。美國和中國都不想滿足于已取得的成就，止步不前。雖然中國是一個古老的國家，但你們顯然也對未來滿懷信心、雄心和使年輕一代能比這一代人更有作為的決心。
我們不但欽佩中國日益增長的經濟，還贊賞你們在科學研究方面極不平凡的努力——從你們建設的基礎設施到你們使用的技術，均體現出這種努力。中國現在是世界上最大的互聯網使用國——這也是我們今天很高興能把互聯網作為此次活動的一部分的原因。這個國家目前擁有世界上最大的移動電話網絡，它正在投資發展既能維持可持續增長，又能應對氣候變化的新型能源——我期待著明天在這個至關重要的領域中深化兩國的合作關系。然而，最重要的是，我在你們身上看到了中國的未來——年輕一代的聰明才智、獻身精神和夢想將為塑造21世紀發揮巨大作用。
我已說過多次，我相信我們現在的世界是緊密相連的。我們所做的工作，我們所建設的繁榮，我們所保護的環境，以及我們所尋求的安全——所有這一切都是共有的。鑒于這種相互聯系，在21世紀，權力不應再成為一場零和游戲；一國的成功發展不應以他國為代價。這也就是為什么美國堅決表示我們不謀求遏制中國的崛起。恰恰相反，我們歡迎中國成為國際社會中一個強大、繁榮、成功的成員——一個從你們這樣的每個中國人的權利、實力和創造力中獲得力量的中國。
回到前面提到的那句古語——回顧過去。我們知道，大國之間選擇合作而非對抗會帶來更大的惠益。這是人類不斷汲取的一個教訓，我們兩國的關系史中也不乏其例。我深信，合作必須不止于政府間的合作。合作必須植根于我們的人民——植根于我們共同進行的研究，我們的商貿活動，我們所學到的知識，乃至我們的體育運動。這些橋梁必須由你們這樣的年輕人和美國的年輕人共同構筑。
因此，我高興地宣布，美國準備將在中國留學的美國學生人數大幅度增加到10萬人。這種交流是對在我們兩國人民之間建立聯系的明確承諾，毫無疑問，你們將幫助決定21世紀的命運。我完全相信，對美·來說，再好的使者莫過于我們的年輕人。因為他們和你們一樣，才華橫溢，充滿活力，對有待書寫的歷史篇章充滿樂觀。那么，就讓這個舉措成為我們穩步尋求合作的下一個步驟，這種合作有利于我們兩國乃至整個世界。如果能從今天的對話中得到一點啟示的話，我希望那就是致力于今后繼續進行這種對話。
非常感謝諸位?，F在我希望回答你們大家提出的一些問題。非常感謝。
Mother Teresaso we pray together: Let us thank God for the opportunity that we all have together today, for this gift of peace that reminds us that we have been created to live that peace, and that Jesus became man to bring that good news to the poor.He, being God, became man in all things like us except in sin, and he proclaimed very clearly that he had come to give the good news.The news was peace to all of good will and this is something that we all wantit was a giving: it is as much as if to say it hurt God to give, because he loved the world so much that he gave his son.He gave him to the Virgin Mary, and what did she do with him?
As soon as he came in her life, immediately she went in haste to give that good news, and as she came into the house of her cousin, the childit was not enough to become a manand insisted that we love one another as he loves each one of us.And we read that in the Gospel very clearly: “love as I have loved you;as I love you;as the Father has loved me, I love you.” And the harder the Father loved him, he gave him to us, and how much we love one another, we too must give to each other until it hurts.It is not enough for us to say: “I love God, but I do not love my neighbor.” Saint John says that you are a liar if you say you love God and you don't love your neighbor.How can you love God whom you do not see, if you do not love your neighbor whom you see, whom you touch, with whom you live? And so this is very important for us to realize that love, to be true, has to hurt.It hurt Jesus to love us.It hurt him.And to make sure we remember his great love, he made himself the bread of life to satisfy our hunger for his lovebecause we have been created for that love.We have been created in his image.We have been created to love and to be loved, and he has become man to make it possible for us to love as he loved us.He makes himself the hungry one, the naked one, the homeless one, and he says: “ You did it to me”.he is hungry for our love, and this is the hunger that you and I must find.It may be in our own home.I never forget an opportunity I had in visiting a home where they had all these old parents of sons and daughters who had just put them in an institution and forgotten, maybe.And I went there, and I saw in that home they had everything, beautiful things, but everybody was looking towards the door.And I did not see a singe one with a smile on their face.And I turned to the sister and I asked: How is that? How is that these people who have everything here, why are they all looking towards the door? Why are they not smiling? I am so used to see the smiles on our people, even the dying ones smile.And she said: “This is nearly every day.They are expecting, they are hoping that a son or daughter will come to visit them.They are hurt because they are forgotten.” And seebut even if she could forgetour parents wanted us.We would not be here if our parents would do that to us.Our children, we want them, we love them.But what of the other millions.Many peopleare very, very concerned with the children of India, with the children of Africa where quite a number die, maybe of malnutrition, of hunger and so on, but millions are dying deliberately by the will of the mother.And this is what is the greatest destroyer of peace today.Because if a mother can kill her own child, what is left for me to kill you and you to kill me? There is nothing between.And this I appeal in India, I appeal everywhereand this year being the child's year: What have we done for the child?
At the beginning of the year I told, I spoke everywhere and I said: let us ensure this year that we make every single child born, and unborn, wanted.And today is the end of the year.Have we really made the children wanted? I will tell you something terrifying.We are fighting abortion by adoption.We have saved thousands of lives.We have sent word to all the clinics, to the hospitals, police stations: “Please don't destroy the child;we will take the child”.So every hour of the day and night there is always somebodytell them: “Come, we will take care of you, we will take care of the child from you, and we will get a home for the child”.And we have a tremendous demand for families who have no children, that is the blessing of God for us.And also, we are doing another thing which is very beautiful.We are teaching our beggars, our leprosy patients, our slum dwellers, our people of the street, natural family planning.And in Calcutta alone in six yearswe have had 61 273 babies less from the families who would have had them because they practice this natural way of abstaining, of self-control, out of love for each other.We teach them the temperature method which is very beautiful, very simple.And our poor people understand.And you know what they have told me? “Our family is healthy, our family is united, and we can have a baby whenever we want”.So clearand I think that if our people can do like that how much more you and all the others who can know the ways and means without destroying the life that God has created in us.The poor people are very great people.They can teach us so many beautiful things.The other day one of them came to thank us and said: “You people who have evolved chastity;you are the best people to teach us family planning because it is nothing more than self-control out of love for each other.”
And I think they said a beautiful sentence.And these are people who maybe have nothing to eat, maybe they have not a home where to live, but they are great people.The poor are very wonderful people.One evening we went out and we picked up four people from the street.And one of them was in a most terrible condition.And I told the sisters: “You take care of the other three;I will take care of this one that looks worse.” So I did for her all that my love can do.I put her in bed, and there was such a beautiful smile on her face.She took hold of my hand, as she said one word only: “thank you”she gave me her grateful love.And she died with a smile on her face“I have lived like an animal in the street, but I am going to die like an angel, loved and cared for.” And it was so wonderful to see the greatness of that man who could speak like that, who could die like that without blaming, without cursing anybody, without comparing anything.Like an angeland you did it to me.” I believe that we are not really social workers.We may be doing social work in the eyes of people.But we are really contemplatives in the heart of the world.For we are touching the body of Christ twenty-four hours.We have twenty-four hours in his presence, and so you and I.You too must try to bring that presence of God into your family, for the family that prays together stays together.And I think that we in our family, we don't need bombs and guns, to destroy or to bring peacehow much we do does not matter, because he is infinite, but how much love we put in action.How much we do to him in the person that we are serving.Some time ago in Calcutta we had great difficulty in getting sugar.And I don't know how the word got around to the children, and a little boy of four years old, a Hindu boy, went home and told his parents: “I will not eat sugar for three days.I will give my sugar to Mother Teresa for her children.” After these three days his father and mother brought him to our house.I had never met them before, and this little one could scarcely pronounce my name.But he knew exactly what he had come to do.He knew that he wanted to share his love.And this is why I have received such a lot of love from all.From the time that I have come here I have simply been surrounded with love, and with real, real understanding love.It could feel as if everyone in India, everyone in Africa is somebody very special for to you.And I felt quite home, I was telling Sister today.If feel in the convent with the Sisters as if I am in Calcutta with my own Sisters.So completely at home here, right here.And so here I am talking with you.I want you to find the poor here, right in your own home first.And begin love there.Be that good news to your own people.And find out about your next-door neighbor.Do you know who they are? I had the most extraordinary experience with a Hindu family who had eight children.A gentleman came to our house and said: “Mother Teresa, there is a family with eight children;they have not eaten for so long;do something”.So I took some rice and I went there immediately.And I saw the childrenand who are they? a Muslim familyat home.And I want youI will be back by next week, the 15th I hope, and I will be able to bring your love.And I know well that you have not given from your abundance, but you have given until it has hurt you.Today the little children, they gavethere is so much joy for the children that are hungry.That the children like themselves will need love and get so much from their parents.So let us thank God that we have ha this opportunity to come to know each other, and that this knowledge of each other has brought us very close.And we will be able to help the children of the whole world, because as you know our Sisters are all over the world.And with this prize that I have received as a prize of peace, I am going to try to make the home for many people that have no home.Because I believe that love begins at home, and if we can create a home for the poor, I think that more and more love will spread.And we will be able through this understanding love to bring peace, be the good news to the poor.The poor in our own family first, in our country and in the world.To be able to do this, our Sisters, our lives have to be woven with prayer.They have to be woven with Christ to be able to understand, to be able to share.Today, there is so much suffering and I feel that the passion of Christ is being relived all over again.Are we there to share that passion, to share that suffering of peoplethat poverty is so hurtful and so much, and I find that very difficult.Our Sisters are working amongst that kind of people in the West.So you must pray for us that we may be able to be that good news.We cannot do that without you.You have to do that here in your country.You must come to know the poor.Maybe our people her have material things, everything, but I think that if we all look into our own homes, how difficult we find it sometimes to smile at each other, and that the smile is the beginning of love.And so let us always meet each other with a smile, for the smile is the beginning of love, and once we begin to love each other, naturally we want to do something.So you pray for our Sisters and for me and for our Brothers, and for our Co-Workers that are around the world.Pray that we may remain faithful to the gift of God, to love him and serve him in the poor together with you.What we have done we would not have been able to do if you did not share with your prayers, with your gifts, this continual giving.But I don't want you to give me from your abundance.I want you to give me until it hurts.The other day I received from a man who has been on his back for twenty years and the only part that he can move is his right hand.And the only companion that he enjoys is smoking.And he said to me: “I do not smoke for one week, and I send you this money.” It must have been a terrible sacrifice for him but see how beautiful, how he shared.And with that money I brought bread and I gave to those who are hungry with a joy on both sides.He was giving and the poor were receiving.This is something you and I can dolet us give now that Christmas is coming so close.Let us keep that joy of loving Jesus in our hearts, and share that joy with all that we come in touch with.That radiating joy with all that we come in touch with.That radiating joy is real, for we have no reason not to be happy because we have Christ with us.Christ in our hearts, Christ in the poor that we meet, Christ in the smile that we give and the smile that we receive.Let us make that one pointwhen it is demanding, and yet we can give it to him with joy.Just as I have said today, I have said that if I don't go to heaven for anything else I will be going to heaven for all the publicity because it has purified me and sacrificed me and made me really ready to go to heaven.I think that this is something, that we must live life beautifully, we have Jesus with us and he loves us.If we could only remember that God loves us, and we have an opportunity to love others as he loves us, not in big things, but i small things with great love, then Norway becomes a nest of love.And how beautiful it will be that from here a center for peace from war has been given.That from here the joy of life of the unborn child comes out.If you become a burning light of peace in the world, then really the Nobel Peace Prize is a gift of the Norwegian people.God bless you!You will get credit for it.在諾貝爾和平獎頒獎大會上的演講
特蕾莎
感謝上帝給我們在這里聚會的機會，為我們帶來諾貝爾和平獎，我想我們在這里共同用圣芳濟一章禱文來祈禱一定是非常適宜的。我們每天接受圣餐后，都要用這段禱文來祈禱，因為它適合于我們每一個人。我總想弄明白的是，四、五百年以前當圣芳濟撰寫這段禱文時，當時的人們一定遇到了和我們今天一樣的困難，我們將這段禱文修改得更加適合今天的狀況。我想在場的大多數人都已經有了這份禱文，讓我們共同來祈禱：感謝上帝剛給我們機會，讓我們大家今天聚在一起，和平獎的獲得告訴我們，我們生來就是要為和平而生存，它也告訴我們，基督除了沒有原罪外，他和我們簡直沒有兩樣，他明確地告訴大家，他給眾人帶來了一個喜訊。
這個喜訊就是所有善良的人所期盼的和平的愿望，也是我們都欲得到的--一顆維護和平的心。上帝是如此熱愛我們這個世界，他不惜將自己的兒子都貢獻出來，當然，這對他是件非常痛苦的事情；上帝是忍受何等的痛苦，才將自己的兒子貢獻給我們這個世界啊。然而，當他將自己的獨生子送給少女瑪利亞時，她又是如何對待基督呢？當他闖入她的生活中時，她厭惡將這個喜訊傳播給世人。當她走進她的表兄家時，這個未出世的孩子已經在她的腹中歡躍。這個孩子便是第一個為我們帶來和平訊息的使者。他，這個名叫基督的人認識和平王子，他把和平帶給你，帶給我。但是作為男子漢的他仍嫌做的不夠，他用被釘死在十字架上的悲壯行動，來向我們表示他對我們偉大的愛，他是為你，為我，為那些身患麻風病，為那些因饑餓而將死的人，為那些赤裸著身體橫臥在加爾各答和其他城市的大街上的窮人，為在非洲、紐約、倫敦和奧斯陸的窮人而獻身。他用他的死來勸告我們相互同情、互相愛戴。福音書中講的非常清楚：“像我愛你們一樣去愛；像我的父親愛我一樣去愛。我愛你們。”他的父親正是因為深深地愛著他，才把他貢獻出來。我們彼此間也應該互相愛戴，應該像上帝對待他兒子那樣，彼此將愛心貢獻出來。如果我們說“我愛上帝，但是我不愛我的鄰居”，這是遠遠不夠的。圣約翰說“如果你說只愛上帝，不愛鄰居，那么你就是一個說謊的人。”如果連每日相見，彼此接觸，和你住在一起的鄰居都不愛的話，那你怎么能愛一個看不見的上帝呢？所以，對我們來說，重要的是去認識愛的含義。愛是實實在在的，是痛苦的。
基督忍受了極大的痛苦來愛我們，愛使他受難。我們一定要牢牢地記住他的愛。他將自己變成面包來讓我們充饑，就是讓我們滿足對上帝的饑渴，因為我們生來就是要體驗這種愛，我們生來就是要愛別人，被別人愛?；街宰兂梢粋€男子漢來愛我們，就是要我們盡可能地像他愛我們那樣去愛別人。他故意把自己扮成一個饑餓的人、一個衣不蔽體無家可歸的人、一個病人或者一個犯人，或者一個孤獨的人、被遺棄的人。他對我們說：“是你們拯救了我?！彼是笪覀儗λ膼郏腿缤F人們渴求我們對他們的愛是一樣的。我們一定要了解這種饑渴，也許這樣的饑渴恰好發生在我們自己的家里。
我永遠也不會忘記曾經訪問過的一家養老院。這家養老院里的老人都是兒女將他們送來的。盡管這里的生活用品一應俱全，甚至還有點奢華，但是這些老年人卻都坐在院子里，眼睛盯著大門看。他們的臉上沒有一絲笑容。我轉向一位老姐姐，問她：“這是怎么回事？為什么這些衣食不愁的人總是望著大門？為什么他們臉上沒有笑容？”
我已經太習慣看到人們臉上的笑容，甚至那些掛在垂死的人臉上的笑容。但是在這里，我看到的是一種對愛心的乞盼。那位老姐姐對我說：“這里幾乎天天都是如此，他們每天都在乞盼著，盼望他們的兒女來看望他們。他們的心受到了極大的刺傷，因為他們是被遺忘的人?！鼻?，這就是世上存在的另一個種貧乏，被愛心遺忘的貧乏。也許這樣的貧乏已經悄悄來到我們的身邊和我們的家庭中。也許就在我們自己的家庭中，已經有成員感到孤獨。也許他們的心已經受到傷害，或許他們處于某種焦慮不安的狀態。如果有這樣的事情發生，可能我們家庭中的其他成員或多或少都會有些煩惱。類似的事情是否已經存在我們的家庭呢？如果是，我們又如何來包容那些心里感到孤獨的家庭成員呢？假如你是母親的話，你是否能寬容自己的孩子呢？西方國家最令我吃驚的，是許多男孩、女孩的吸毒的現象。我總想搞明白這個問題究竟是誰造成的，為什么會出現這樣的事情？我對這個問題的答案恐怕是：因為他們家庭中沒有人寬容、善待他們。他們的父母也許因為工作太忙而沒有時間照顧他們，可能一些年輕的父母過分忙于事務，致使孩子在街頭游蕩，甚至染上了惡習。我們今天在談論和平，而這些事情恰恰都會破壞和平。
我們讀圣經時，會讀到上帝說過的一句話：“即便是一個母親遺棄了她的孩子，我也不能遺棄你們。我要將你們握在掌心里保護你們。”我們被上帝保護在他的掌心中，我們是如此地貼近他，就像是未出生的孩子蜷臥在他的掌心里。我們可以這樣分析這句話，前面的部分談到“即便是一個母親遺棄了她的孩子??”按照常理說，這簡直是不可能發生的事。然而他在后面又說：“即便??，我也不能遺棄你們?！边@后一句尤其使我感動。這是一句深深地撼動我心靈的至理名言。
我們今天之所以能聚在這個地方，全是靠了我們的父母，因為他們需要我們。如果他們不想要我們的話，我們絕不會在這個世界上生存。
我們需要自己的孩子，我們愛自己的孩子。然而還有其他數以百萬計的人，他們是怎么想的呢？今天的印度有許許多多的人在關懷著孩子們的成長，而在非洲卻有許多孩子正在死于營養不良或饑餓??我在此向人們呼吁，向全世界人們呼吁--“讓我們奪回孩子的生命”，因為這個時代是孩子們的時代。今年是保護兒童年。今年年初，我曾經講過，我們都為孩子們做了些什么呢？我逢人便講：“讓我們在這一年里保證每一個孩子的順利出生。我們需要那些未出生的孩子。今天是今年的最后一天。我們是否確實做到了這一點呢？我要告訴你們一件令人震憾的事。我們用領養的方式開展了向墮胎的斗爭。我們挽救了成千上萬的小生命。我們靠醫療站、醫院和警察局來向人們發出通告：”請不要虐殺孩子，我們收養這些孩子?！坝谑?，一天中的每一小時都會有人給那些未婚先孕的婦女打電話，通知她們”請到我們這里來，我們會照顧你，我們將收養你的孩子，給孩子找一個良好的家庭?！吧系郾Ｓ樱覀冋业搅嗽S多需要領養孩子的家庭。此外，我們還做了一件漂亮事。我們將許多街頭流浪的人、乞丐召集起來，給他們上課，組織他們按照我們的計劃組成自然家庭，并收養被遺棄的小孩。
在加爾各答僅僅6年的時間里，這樣的自然家庭就收留了61273個棄嬰。鑒于自然家庭往往以自我約束、自我控制的方式存在，它有其獨特的好處。我們對自然家庭
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