第一篇：山東大學網絡教育英語標準答案模擬題一

模擬題一 第一部分：交際用語

1.Hello!May I talk to the mana

A.Sorry, he is out at the moment

2.I’m terribly sorry that I made

A.Never mind

3.Do you mind if I open the

B.I’d rather you didn’t.4.Excuse me, sir.Where is Dr.Smith’s office? D.Sorry I don’t know, but you can ask the man over there 5.Good morning, sir.May I help

C.Yes, I need some salt 第二部分：閱讀理解 Passage 1 6.The word “convenient ” in the ______.A.handy, easy to do

7.If you cut another car off, its d ______.C.angry

8.The sentence " Traffic accidents _____B.Many people die from traffic accidents 9.According to the passage, driving _____B.you obey all the traffic rules 10.Which of the following may _______.A.Traffic Safety Passage 2 11.The underlined word “average” in Pa______.C.ordinary

12.The reason why housewives ar_____C.housewives have less chance to communicate with others 13.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 2? D.A satisfying job helps to keep one healthy.14.We can infer from the passage that _____.A.are likely to live a shorter life 15.The best title for this passage may be _____.B.Working Hard Is Good for Health 第三部分：

16.Since he left the university, he ____ A.has been working 17.The weather in China is different from ___

C.that in America

18.It was not until dawn _____B

19.____ he says or does won’t make

A.Whatever 20.We all believe that it’d be hard fo _____C.take on B.完型填空

1）21 of 22.so 23.B normal 24 A being asked25 C reveal 26 for 27direct 28 bring up 29 guess 30 for 第四部分：英譯漢請在15分鐘內把下列3句英文翻譯成中文，把答案寫在答題紙上。1.Do you know the man lying under the apple tree? 你認識躺在蘋果樹下的人嗎？

2.You will have to buy some reference books when you go to college.上大學時你就要買一些參考書。

3.More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.如今紙張用量越來越大。第五部分：寫作

你給以前的同學寫一封電子郵件，信里主要包括以下內容：

1.了解對方畢業后的情況

2.你的近況

3.邀請對方方便時來訪

Friends are very important to us.It has often been said that“no man can live like an island”.A person will have trouble coping with society without friends。

Friends are always there when you need them.They are dependable and responsible.They share your sorrow and happiness.They also warn you when you are in danger of doing wrongly。

However,real frinds are not easy to find.People usually have few friends and many acquaintances.Acquintances are usually with you for what they can get.Only your friends are not interested in what they can get from you.。

第二篇：標準答案山東大學_網絡教育(專升本)第二學期_英語_模擬題三

模擬題三

第一部分：交際用語

此部分共有5個未完成的對話，針對每個對話有4個選項，請從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應字母涂黑。

1.–Hello!I want to make a person-to-person call to Toronto, Canada.The number is 932-0806.--___B_____.A.But I don’t know whom do you want to call.B.What’s the name of the party you’re calling? C.What’s the address of the person you’re calling? D.What’s the extension number you’re calling? 2.---Have you ever been to the Temple of Heaven in Beijing?--___B__.A.No, but I have no time.B.No, but I’d like to.C.Yes.I was too busy then.D.Yes.I couldn’t do it right now.3.–Is everyone always so helpful to you in your office?

---_D____.A.Yes.What can I do for you now?

B.Yes, there is a hotel nearby.C.Yes.Can I help you? D.Yes.It’s a great place to work.4.---It’s a beautiful day today!How about a little trip out into the country?

---____A_____.A.That sounds great.What should I do for the preparation? B.I don’t know.I really haven’t thought about what we’d do.C.Well, would you like me to pack picnic or to buy something? D.It’s all right.Thank you.5.–Excuse me.Could you show me the way to the nearest subway station?

---_A____.A.Any time.It’s next to the post office.B.All right.Do you want me to go with you?

C.No problem.With pleasure.D.Of course not.Go down this street and turn right.第二部分：閱讀理解

此部分共有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5個問題。請從每個問題后的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應字母涂黑。

Passage 1 The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women.During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman’s life spent in caring for children.A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century world probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old.By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work.Today women marry younger and have fewer children.Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty.Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.The important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position.Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job.However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it.Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born.Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.6.For women at the beginning of the twentieth century, the amount of time spent taking care of children ___A____.A)was shorter than in previous centuries B)was longer than in previous centuries C)was considered to be surprisingly long D)account for a great part of their lives 7.According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married ___A_____.A)at about twenty-five B)in their early fifties C)as soon as possible after they were fifteen D)at any age from fifteen to forty-five 8.When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth-century mother ____D____.A)would be healthy enough to take up paid employment B)was usually expected to die fairly soon C)would expect to work until she died D)was unlikely to find a job even if she wanted one 9.One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she __A______.A)is younger when her children are old enough to look after themselves B)does not like children herself C)need not worry about food for her children D)can retire from family responsibilities when she reaches sixty 10.According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to ___C_____.A)stay at home after leaving school B)marry men younger than themselves C)start working again later in life D)marry while still at school

Passage 2 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

Why don’t birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another? Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years.Now they’re beginning to fill in the blanks.Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours.But what about birds that fly by night? Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain night-flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long-distance flights.A dove had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky.Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance.The bird’s cage was placed under an artificial star-filled sky.The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins.Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in the direction of his flight.But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation.When the stars are hidden by clouds, they apparently find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses.But when it’s too dark to see these, the doves circle helplessly, unable to find their way.11.The reason why birds don’t get lost on long flights __B____.A)have been known to scientists for years B)have only recently been discovered C)are known by everyone D)will probably remain a mystery 12.During daylight hours, birds ____C___.A)fly aimlessly B)rely on landmarks C)use sun for guidance D)are more likely to get lost 13.By “his outdoor cousins” the author means ____C_____.A)other experimenters B)the other doves of the same brood C)doves under the natural sky D)other birds in general 14.The experiment with the dove indicated that ___D______.A)birds have to be taught to navigate B)a bird that has been caged will not fly long distances C)some birds cannot fly at night D)some birds seem to follow the stars when they fly at night 15.In total darkness, doves __B_____.A)use landmarks B)don’t know which way to fly C)fly back home D)wait for the stars to appear 第三部分： A.詞匯與結構

此部分共有5個未完成的句子，針對每個句子中未完成的部分有4個選項，請從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應字母涂黑。16.It is in the south-eastern part of the country, __A___ most Australians live.A.where

B.that

C.which

D.what 17.Although most of the continent ___C_____ extensive plains and nothing hills, there are also spectacular forests.A.consists of

B.is consisted of C.consist of

D.are consisted of 18.Neither the students nor the teacher ___B___ anything about the matter.A.know

B.knows

C.have not known

D.has not known 19.The tutor accused the students of great ___C_____.A.efficiency

B.inefficient

C.inefficiency

D.efficient 20.They had good reason to think that the experience was worth __C____.A.to try

B.tried

C.trying

D.being tried B.完型填空

以下短文中共包含10個未完成的句子，針對每個句子中空缺部分有4個選項，請從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應字母涂黑。

As she walked round the large shop, Edith realized how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas gift for her father.She wished that he were as easy to please as her mother, who was __21__satisfied with perfume(香水).__22__, shopping at this time of the year was a most __23__job.People stood on your feet, pushed you with their shoulders and almost __24__ you over in their hurry in order to grasp something cheap ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter, where some beautiful ties were on __25__.“They are real silk,” the shop assistant told her with a smile trying to __26__her to buy one.But Edith knew from past __27__that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on slowly and then, quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered round a counter.She found some fine pipes on sale and the __28__were very beautiful.Edith did not hesitate for long, although her father only smoked a pipe once in a while, she believed this was __29__ to please him.When she got home, with her small but well-chosen present hidden in her handbag, it was time for supper and her parents were already at table.Her mother was in great excitement.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” she told her daughter happily.Edith was so __20__that she could not say a single word.C 21.A.never

B.seldom

C.always

D.scarcely C 22.A.Therefore

B.Fortunately

C.Besides

D.Finally A 23.A.unhappy

B.careful

C.exciting

D.tiring D 24.A.turned

B.hit

C.brought

D.knocked B 25.A.time

B.show

C.board

D.duty D 26.A.hope

B.ask

C.force

D.persuade A 27.A.experience

B.things

C.books

D.school C 28.A.money

B.cigarette

C.shapes

D.shop D 29.A.hardly

B.impossibly

C.possibly

D.certainly C 30.A.glad

B.happy

C.surprised

D.excited 第四部分：英譯漢

請在15分鐘內把下列3句英文翻譯成中文，把答案寫在答題紙上。

1.It wasn’t until the third year in high school that he began thinking of becoming a writer.直到第三年在高中的時候，他開始想成為一個作家。

2.As a sailing ship has a destination, so we must have a definite goal in our life.作為一個帆船的目的地，所以我們必須有一個明確的目標在我們生活中。3.She was so lost in studying that she forgot to have dinner.她學習太專心了，就連吃飯也忘記了。第五部分：寫作

要求在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和中文提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。

Continuing Education

1． 當今時代，很多人都會選擇繼續深造來提升自己的知識水平以跟上時代的發展 2． 作為年輕人，我應該怎么辦

Continuing Education

With social division in labor is becoming much more meticulous, working requires much higher efficiency.In order to keep up with the development step of the society, more and more people choose continuing education for more knowledge.Through continuing education, people can acquire whatever they need, find out their right position, and realize their value.As a young person，in order to stand firm in the competitive world and consciously form my own strategy in the dazzling of opportunities, I have to be equipped with relative knowledge, a supple mind, strong enterprising spirit and sharp insight.Looking at this point, continuing education is now becoming a necessity for anyone who expects to gain a place in the society.

第三篇：山東大學網絡教育統考英語模擬題

大學英語（B）模擬試卷

第一部分：交際用語（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）

1．— Hello, could I speak to Mr.Smith, please?

— _________________________

A.Who are you?

B.Who’s there?

C.Who could I help?

D.Who’s that speaking? 2.— I believe we’ve met somewhere before.— No, ____________________.A.it isn’t the same

B.it can’t be true

C.I don’t think so

D.I’d rather not 3.— How are you, Bob? —

_______ A.How are you?

B.I’m fine.Thank you.C.How do you do?

D.Nice to meet you.4.— Thanks for your help.— __________

A.My pleasure.B.Never mind.C.Quite right.D.Don’t thank me.5.— Hello, I’m Harry Potter.— Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ______.A.call my Charles

B.call me at Charles C.call me Charles

D.call Charles me 第二部分：閱讀理解（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）

Passage 1

The United States covers a large part of the North American continent.Its neighbors are Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.Although the United States is a big country, it is not the largest in the world.In 2000, its population was over 222 million.When this land first became a nation, after winning its independence from England, it had thirteen states.Each of the states was represented on the American flag by a star.All these states were in the eastern part of the continent.As the nation grew toward the west, new states were added and new stars appeared on the flag.For a long time, there were 48 stars.In 1959, however, two more stars were added to the flag, representing the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.Indians were the first people of the land which is now the United States.There are still many thousands of Indians now living in all parts of the country.Sometimes it is said that the Indians are “the only real Americans”.Most Americans come from all over the world.Those who came first in greatest numbers to make their homes on the eastern coast of North America were mostly from England.It is for that reason that the language of the United States is English and that its culture and customs are more like those of England than those of any other country in the world.6.Which of the following is TRUE? A.America is the largest country in the world.B.The United States lies next to Canada and Mexico.C.America covers most part of the North American continent.D.Mexico is to the north of Canada.7.After winning its independence, the United States _________.A.had nothing to do with England B.made India part of its land C.mainly developed westward

D.took over parts of Canada and Mexico

8.The United States didn’t have ______ states until ________.A.thirteen;1959

B.fifty;1959 C.fifty;this land first became a nation

D.fifty;1964 9.Why is English the language of America?

A.Because English is the native language of the Indians.B.Because most Americans come from all over the world.C.Because Canada is America’s nearest neighbor.D.Because most of the people who first settled in America were from England.10.The best title for the passage is “ _________”.A.the States of America

B.The language of America

C.The United States of America

D.The Culture and Customs of America Passage 2

There was once an ant that was very thirsty.It ran here and there looking for some water but could not find any.Then suddenly, when the ant was almost ready to die of thirst, a large drop of water fell on it.The ant drank the water, which saved its life.The water was actually a tear from a young girl who was crying.Because of her sadness, the tear had magical qualities and suddenly the ant could speak the language of human beings.The ant looked up and saw the young girl sitting in front of a huge pile of seeds.“Why are you sad?” asked the ant.“I''m the prisoner of a giant.” the girl told the ant.“He won''t let me go until I''ve made three separate heaps of grain, barley（大麥）and rye（黑麥）out of this huge pile of seeds in which they are all mixed together.”

“That will take you a month!” the ant said, looking at the huge pile of seeds.“I know,” the girl cried, “and if I can’t finish by tomorrow, the giant will eat me for his supper!”

“Don''t cry,” the ant said, “my friends and I will help you.”

Soon thousands of ants were at work, separating the three kinds of seeds.The next morning, when the giant saw that the work had been done, he let the girl go.Thus it was one of her tears that saved her life.11.The ant was playing game running here and there.A：T

B：F 12.A drop of water fell on the ant when it was nearly dying.A：T

B：F 13.The young girl was crying because she wanted to have supper.A.T

B.F 14.The giant would eat the girl if she failed to do the work.A：T

B：F

15.The ant''s friends saved the girl''s life.A：T

B：F

第三部分：詞匯與結構（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

16.I tried to put _____ a telephone call to him, but his line was always busy.A.over

B.into

C.away

D.through 17.I hadn’t seen him for years, but I ______________ his voice on the telephone.A.realized

B.recognized

C.discovered

D.heard 18.Neither Bill nor his parents __________ at home.A.is

B.has

C.are

D.was 19.If you don’t want to get wet, you had better ________ this umbrella with you.A.take

B.to take

C.taken

D.for taking 20.Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?

A.who

B.which

C.whose

D.whom 第四部分：完型填空（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）

Last night, a fire broke out in Ann''s house in Manchester.Ann''s parents were out of town for the weekend when something wrong in the room caused the fire to

in the middle of the night.The girl was waken up by the family dog, Danny, who was barking loudly in the back garden.Ann smelled something 22 _.She got up and at once ran through the smoke-filled house to wake her old brother, Frank.When Frank would not wake up, Ann got some help from the dog.Frank''s unconscious body was far too

for the little girl to move alone , but the clever girl brought the dog inside and

the dog''s leash（牽狗的皮帶）to Frank''s left ankle.She then held her brother''s right ankle, and together the girl and the dog Frank to safety.The 10-year-old girl, Ann, saved her big brother from death.21.A：heavy B：burning C：start D：pulled E：tied

22.A：heavy B：burningC：startD：pulled

E：tied

23.A：heavyB：burningC：startD：pulledE：tied 24.A：heavyB：burningC：startD：pulledE：tied

25.A：heavyB：burningC：startD：pulledE：tied

第五部分：英譯漢（滿分30分, 5 each）

26.I will finish reading this book in a week.27.You should look around before you cross the street.28.Tom’s father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.29.Please give this book to whoever comes first.30.Though it was late, they kept on working.31.Apples here like water and sunshine.第六部分：寫作（滿分10分）

要求在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和中文提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。工作申請

1．寫明申請的職位。2．

陳述你的相關學習、工作經歷。3．

聯系方法。大學英語（B）模擬試卷參考答案

1.——5D.C.BA.C

6.——10 BCBDC

11.——15B A BA A 16.——20 D B C A.C

21.——25 CB A E.D

26.我將在一周內讀完這本書。27.在過馬路之前，你應該向四周看看。

28．湯姆的父親從北京大學畢業后就一直在這里教英語。29．請把這本書給最先來的人。30．盡管已經很晚了，他們還在繼續工作。31.這里的蘋果喜歡水和陽光。

第四篇：山東大學網絡教育期末英語模擬題四

模擬題 四

第一部分：交際用語

此部分共有5個未完成的對話，針對每個對話是未完成的部分有4個選項，請從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應字母涂黑。

1.---Do you mind if I sit here?

---____C___________.A.Not at all.There is plenty of room.B.Of course.Do sit down, please.C.Never mind.I’d like to have some companion.D.Sure.I’d like to have someone to talk to

2.–Why do you always tell me what to do? To be frank, I don’t like it.---I know, but _C___.A.I don’t like it either.B.How do I do for you?

C.I just want the best for you.D.Obviously.You are right.3.----That was a delicious dinner.----_B__.A.Thank you.Don’t mention it.B.You’re welcome.C.Not so delicious, I’m afraid.D.I’m glad you enjoyed it.4.---You are most beautiful in that red sweater.---___C__.A.Oh, no.It’s just an old one, and I have had it for years.B.Yes.I think it goes nicely with my pants.C.Thank you.My mom knitted it for me some years ago.D.Oh, but I’m not sure if it suits me.5.---I missed Prof.Wang’s linguistics class again yesterday.----____C______.A.Congratulations!

B.How nice you are!

C.What a pity!

D.Have a nice weekend.第二部分：閱讀理解

此部分共有2篇短文，每篇短文后有5個問題。請從每個問題后的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應字母涂黑。

Passage 1

Many countries face a somewhat more serious economic problem in the form of an unfavorable trade balance with other nations.Such an imbalance exists when the total value of a country’s imports exceeds that of its exports.For example, if a country buys $25 billion of products from other countries, yet sells only $10 billion of its own products overseas, its trade deficit（貿易逆差）is $15 billion.Many underdeveloped nations find themselves in this position1

because they lack natural resources or the industrial capacity to use these resources, and thus have to import raw materials or manufactured goods.One effect of a trade deficit is the flow of currency out of a country.In the case of an underdeveloped nation, this can cause many financial difficulties, including failure to meet debt payments and obstacles to creation of an industrial base.Even in the case of a fully developed nation such as the United States, a large trade deficit is a reason for alarm.American products, made by well-paid workers in U.S.industries, cost more to produce than those made in places like Asia, where labor and material costs are much lower.Money spent on foreign products is money not spent on items produced by domestic industries.6.What does the passage mainly discuss?B

A.Some worldwide economic problems.B.The cause and consequences of trade deficit.C.Lack of resources in underdeveloped countries.D.High labor and material costs in developed countries

7.According to the passage, a trade imbalance occurs when ____B____.A.a country is facing serious financial problems

B.a country buys more from other countries than it sells overseas

C.the value of a country’s exports is greater than that of its imports

D.products imported are more expensive than those exported

8.Many underdeveloped countries have trade deficits because ____D____.A.they failed to meet debt payments

B.they export most of their natural resources to other countries

C.they borrow too much money from other countries

D.they have to import most of their manufactured products

9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of a trade imbalance? A

A.The flow of currency out of the country.B.Low labor and material costs in Asian countries.C.Lack of natural resources.D.An undeveloped industrial base.10.It can be inferred from this passage that American industries __B______.A.do not pay their workers sufficiently

B.are hurt by a trade imbalance

C.imported labor and material from abroad

D.are able to prevent a trade deficit

Passage 2

Newspapers, along with reporting the news, instruct, entertain, and give opinion.An important way for reading a large, big-city newspaper is knowing how to take it apart.Can you find these separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business, entertainment, opinions, classified ads? Does your paper have other sections?

News stories give facts, not the author’s opinions.Editorials do the opposite: you can expect an editorial to take sides.Some newspaper editorials have a by-line with the author’s name, but many newspapers have unsigned editorials.These reflect the opinions of the publisher or editor.You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a newspaper.For example, you can expect headlines to omit unnecessary words.You can expect to find the most important facts in the

lead paragraph(the first paragraph)of a news story.You can expect important news items to be on the front page.You can expect less important items to be on the inside pages.Most of all, the more you know about the current news, the more you will understand what is in the newspaper;important stories are generally presented one day and followed up on following days.So, an important way for reading newspapers is reading one frequently.11.To read a large newspaper, a good way is ___C_____.A.to read it from cover to cover

B.to do some paper-cutting

C.to find separate sections

D.to predict what is inside the newspaper

12.Which of the following statements about news stories is true? A

A.News stories tell the facts without comments.B.News stories contain both facts and opinions.C.News stories reflect the opinions of the editor.D.News stories express the writer’s point of view.13.If you want to know less important news without any details, you can read ____B____.A.the lead paragraphs of the news on the front page

B.the headlines on the inside pages

C.news stories on the front page

D.news items on the inside pages only

14.To follow the current news, the best way is to ___C_____.A.read extensively and thoroughly

B.read various newspapers skillfully

C.read one newspaper frequently

D.read a large big-city newspaper carefully

15.The main idea of this passage is ____D____.A.how to read stories and editorials

B.how to find important news stories

C.how to tell apart different news sections

D.how to read newspapers effectively

第三部分：

A.詞匯與結構

此部分共有5個未完成的句子，針對每個句子中未完成的部分有4個選項，請從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應字母涂黑。

16.When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above __D____.A.averageB.ordinaryC.normalD.usual

17.You are getting too old for football.You’d better ___B__ tennis instead.A.take inB.take upC.take forD.take over

18.What ___B___ to him is whether the job allows him to pursue his studies.A.appliesB.mattersC.refersD.happens

19.After the war Auntie May devoted herself __C___ 100 children at her home in Devon.A.in fosteringB.to fosteringC.to fosterD.fostering

20.People can only make choices if they are informed ___A___ what choices are available.A.ofB.inC.fromD.for

B.完型填空

以下短文中共包含10個未完成的句子，針對每個句子中空缺部分有4個選項，請從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應字母涂黑People who speak or perform before the public sometimes may suffer from “Stage Fright”.Stage fright makes a person nervous.In that case, it can make one's mind go lank and forgetone ought to say, or to act.Actors, musicians, dancers, lawyers, even radio show hosts suffered from stage fright at one time orDiana Nichols is an expert in helping people free from stage fright at a medical center in New York City.She helps actors learn Miss Nichols says some people have always been afraid to perform before the audience.Others, she says, develop stage fright after a(n)tearful experience.going onto the stage.control of your body.Miss Nichols persuades her patients to tell themselves that their speech or performance does nervous while they are performing.It is important that they should continue to perform while she

helped and what did not.As they perform more and more, they will fear less and less as much as 50%.Miss Nichols says the aim is only to reduce stage fright, not to smooth it awayThis a little stage fright makes a person more careful, andimprovesthe performance.B21.A.when

C22.A.two

B23.A.cure

D24.A.after

A25.A.get

A26.A.perfect

B27.A.people

C28.A.practically

D29.A.why

B30.A.increases

第四部分：英譯漢 B.whatC.howD.whether B.otherC.anotherD.the otherB.controlC.holdD.protectB.whileC.duringD.beforeB.makeC.takeD.have B.fineC.goodD.pleasant B.adviceC.wordsD.measures B.easilyC.completelyD.really B.thatC.sinceD.because B.improvesC.hurtsD.puts on

請在15分鐘內把下列3句英文翻譯成中文，把答案寫在答題紙上。

1.It’s not easy to keep in touch with friends when they’re far away.和你在遠地的朋友保持聯系是比較困難的。

2.You are the only person I can depend on to help me solve the problem

你是惟一一個能幫助我解決這個問題的人。

3.If the doctor had not told me to go on a diet, I could have eaten as much again.如果醫生沒有告訴我去減肥，我就能和以前吃的一樣多。

第五部分：寫作

要求在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和中文提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。Benefits of Reading

1.閱讀有很多好處，如：增長知識，開闊眼界等

2.應如何進行閱讀

Benefits of Reading

There are a lot of benefits of reading...but here are a few:

It expands your vocabulary.It improves your spelling.It helps you understand different ways of life.It can be fun to read new stories and find out what happens.It expands your imagination.It helps you know what other people know, so that instead of repeating their mistakes and experiments, you can expand upon them and go farther as a community.It helps you drive from one place to another.It allows you the freedom to find out what other humans have had to say over the years.It helps you know what drugs are in which bottles.It helps when you have to mute the TV because you can read the subtitles and still know what is happening.It helps you go on the internet and interact.

第五篇：山東大學網絡教育藥劑學一

藥劑學模擬題

一、名詞解釋

1.藥典：是一個國家記載藥品標準、規格的法典，一般由國家衛生行政部門主持編纂、頒布實施，具有法律的約束力。

2、熱原:注射后能引起人體特殊致熱反應的物質，稱為熱原。熱原是微生物的代謝產物，是一種內毒素。

3．粘膜給藥系統：是指粘附性聚合物材料與機體組織粘膜表面產生較長時間的緊密接觸，使藥物通過接觸處粘膜上皮進入循環系統，發揮局部和全身作用的給藥系統。

4．置換價：置換價（displacementvalue）是用以計算栓劑基質用量的參數，一定體積，藥物的重量與同體積基質重量之比值稱為該藥物對某基質的置換價。置換價DV的計算公式：DV=W/[G－（M－W）] 5．靶向給藥系統：系指一類能使藥物濃集定位于病變組織、器官、細胞或細胞內結構，且 療效高、毒副作用小的新型給藥系統。由于藥物能夠在靶部位釋放，可以提高靶組織的藥理作用強度并能降低全身的不良反應。

二、舉例說明下列物質在藥物制劑中的主要作用和用途是什么？

1．PEG 6000：分子量6000的聚乙二醇類，即PEG 6000，能阻止藥物的聚集，可使藥物達到分子分散程度，作為固體分散體的載體，溶點低、毒性小，化學性質穩定，適用于熔融法、溶劑法制備固體分散體。

2.PEG 400：分子量為400的聚乙二醇類，即PEG400，相對分子量較低的聚乙二醇可用作溶劑、助溶劑、O/W型乳化劑和穩定劑，最適合來做軟膠囊。

3.丙三醇：丙三醇是藥品或原料藥或中間體，甘油，能夠使皮膚保持柔軟，富有彈性，不受塵埃、氣候等損害而干燥，起到防止皮膚凍傷的的作用。

4.丙二醇：1，3—丙二醇（1，3—PD）是一種重要的化工原料，可以參與多種化學合成反應，它與單體可以生成聚酯、聚醚、聚胺酯等多聚物。5.苯甲酸：消毒防腐劑，用于藥品制劑或食品的防腐劑。

6.苯甲醇：苯甲醇具局部麻醉作用及防腐作用；主要用于醫藥針劑中作添加劑，藥膏劑或藥液里作為防腐劑。

7.NaHSO3：有抗氧化作用，是一種抗氧劑。

8.HPMC：又稱羥丙基甲基纖維素，可作為親水凝膠骨架材料，用于制作緩釋、控釋制劑，也可作為片劑的粘合劑。

9.淀粉：片劑的填充劑。制成淀粉漿可作為粘合劑。干淀粉是最經典的崩解劑。

10.滑石粉：能將顆粒表面的凹陷處填平，減少顆粒表面的粗糙性，降低顆粒間的磨擦力、改善顆粒的流動性。所以主要作為助流劑使用。

11.EC：乙基纖維素，不溶于水，在乙醇等有機溶媒中的溶解度大，可產生不同強度的粘性，對片劑的崩解及藥物的釋放產生阻滯作用。常用于緩、控制劑中（骨架型或膜控釋型）。12.硬脂酸鎂：為疏水性潤滑劑，易與顆粒混勻，壓片后片面光滑美觀，應用較廣。

13.三氯一氟甲烷：又稱：氟里昂-11，是一種理想的拋射劑。但該物質對環境有危害，對水體可造成污染，對大氣臭氧層破壞力極強。高濃度可誘發心律不齊和抑制呼吸功能。用作氣霧噴射劑后，發現有哮喘病人忽然死亡的病例報告。

14.環氧乙烷：環氧乙烷是廣譜、高效的氣體殺菌消毒劑。可用于對熱不穩定的藥品和外科器材等進行氣體熏蒸消毒。

15.甘油明膠：系將明膠、甘油、水按一定的比例在水浴上加熱融化，蒸去大部分的水，冷 卻后經凝固制得。有較好的彈性，在體溫下不融化，能軟化并緩慢溶于分泌液中緩慢釋放藥物，還能防止栓劑干燥變硬。16.卡波姆：系丙烯酸與丙烯基蔗糖交聯的高分子聚合物。無毒,無刺激性,具有溶脹與凝膠特性以及增濕、潤滑能力,鋪展性良好,涂用舒適,并具有透皮促進作用,尤適于脂溢性皮炎的治療。同時也是液體藥劑良好的助懸劑、增稠劑。

17.PVA：聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝膠，目前普遍被認為是關節軟骨良好的替代材料, 為一種可溶性樹脂，一般用作粘合劑。聚乙烯醇的最大特點是可以自然降解，環境友好。

18.β-環糊精：環糊精是淀粉在環糊精葡聚糖轉位酶作用下的分解產物，是一種環狀的低聚糖化合物，具有中空圓筒狀的化學結構，可改善藥物的理化性質及生物學性質。β-環糊精是最為常用的制備包合物的材料。

19.CO2：是二氧化碳，是拋射藥物的動力，其化學性質穩定，不與藥物發生反應，不燃燒。常用于噴霧劑。

20.羊毛脂：能使主藥迅速被粘膜及皮膚吸收。為優良的軟膏基質及油包水型乳劑的乳化劑。因粘稠性大，涂于局部有不適感，不宜單獨用作基質，常與凡士林合用，可增加凡士林的吸水性與穿透性。

三、回答下列問題

1.何謂藥物的分配系數？測定藥物的分配系數對藥物制劑研究有何意義？

答：（1）藥物的分配系數是指藥物在兩個不相混溶的溶劑中溶解并達平衡時濃度的比值。（2）意義：分配系數對研究開發包含兩相溶劑系統或其制備過程的制劑具有實際意義。水分配系數較小的防腐劑并適當增加用量以保證其在水相中的抑菌較果。一些在水中不穩定、需要增加吸收或改變體內分布的藥物的水包油乳劑，應選擇對藥物溶解能力強的油相，盡可能減少藥物在水中的溶解。在薄膜蒸發法制備脂質體、以及乳化法制備微球等過程中，選擇適宜的有機相和適宜的水相及其用量比，對提高微粒載體的載藥量和包封率等具有重要意義。油/水分配系數，在非解離狀態下具有較大的油/水分配系數，故通過調節pH可以改變解離型與非解離型藥物的比例，進而改變藥物的分配行為。

2．何謂助溶劑？增加藥物溶解度的方法有哪些？

（1）助溶劑是指能增加其他物質的溶解度或溶解力的藥物制劑。

（2）增加藥物溶解度的方法有：1）制成鹽類2）應用潛溶劑3）加入助溶劑4）使用增溶劑

3．粉體的流動性與粉體的哪些物理性質有關？改善粉體流動性咳采用哪些方法？（1）粉體的流動性與粒子的形狀、大小、表面狀態、密度、空隙率等有關。

（2）改善粉體流動性應采用的方法 ①增大粒子大小對于粘附性的粉狀粒子進行造粒，以減少粒子間的接觸點數，降低粒子間的附著力、凝聚力。②粒子形態及表面粗糙度球形粒子的光滑表面，能減少接觸點數，減少摩擦力。③含濕量適當干燥有利于減弱粒子間的作用力。④加入助流劑的影響 加入0.5%～2%滑石粉、微粉硅膠等助流劑可大大改善粉體的流動性。但過多使用反而增加阻力。

4．制備固體分散體的技術方法有哪些？固體分散體的物相鑒別方法有哪些？

（1）制備固體分散體的技術方法有： ①熔融法；②溶劑法；③溶劑-熔融法；④研磨法；⑤溶劑-噴霧（或冷凍）干燥法。

（2）固體分散體的物相鑒別方法有： ①X線衍射法；②熱分析法；③紅外光譜法；④偏光顯微鏡法；⑤藥物溶解度和溶出速率的測定。

5．何謂包合物？將藥物制成包合物有何優點？

（1）包合物的概念：直鏈淀粉是由α-葡萄糖分子縮合而成的螺旋體，每個葡萄糖單元都仍有羥基暴露在螺旋外。碘分子跟這些羥基作用，使碘分子嵌入淀粉螺旋體的軸心部位。碘跟淀粉的這種作用叫做包合作用，生成物叫做包合物。（2）將藥物制成包合物的優點有：包合物分散效果好，特別是β-環糊精包合物，它易于吸收，釋藥緩慢，副反應低。特別對中藥中易揮發性成分經包合后，可大大提高保存率，并能增加其穩定性。

6．寫出濕法制粒壓片和小針劑制備工藝流程？（1）濕法制粒壓片的制備工藝流程：

答：主藥→粉

→過

加粘合劑

加潤滑劑

→混合――――→造粒→干燥―――→

混合→壓片

輔料→碎

→篩

（2）小針劑的制備工藝流程：

答：原輔料的準備；→容器處理；→配制；→過濾；→灌封；→滅菌檢查；→質量檢查；→印鑒包裝等步驟。

7．脂質體的劑型特點是什么？

⑴制備工藝簡單，一般藥物都較容易包封在脂質體中。⑵水溶性及脂溶性兩種類型藥物都可包裹在同一脂質體中，藥物的包封率主要與藥物本身的脂水分配系數及膜材性質有關。

⑶脂質體本身對人體的毒性小，而且脂質對人體無免疫抑制作用。⑷在體內使藥物具有定向分布的靶向性特征。

⑸可制成免疫脂質體，根據靶分子特性將脂質體運送到特定的組織中，與抗體可受體作用釋放藥物。

⑹藥物包裹在脂質體中是以非共價鍵結合，易釋放進入體內。

⑺脂質體靜脈給藥時，主要集中在血液中；經皮下或腹腔注射主要集中在局部淋巴結中。

⑻藥物被包封于脂質體中，能降低藥物的毒性，增加藥效。

⑼能降低藥物消除速率，延長藥物作用的持續時間，增加藥物的體內外穩定性。

8．生物技術藥物有何特點？

生物技術藥物是指采用現代生物技術，借助某些微生物、植物或動物而獲得的藥品。其特點有：⑴.藥理活性高；⑵穩定性差；⑶分子量大。

9．中藥劑型選擇的依據和原則是什么？

中藥劑型的選擇應根據臨床需要、藥物性質、用藥對象與劑量等為依據，通過文獻研究和預試驗予以確定。力求使研制出的中成藥劑型符合“三小（服用劑量小、產生毒性小、副作用小）”、“三效（高效、速效或長效）”、“五方便（生產方便、儲存方便、運輸方便、攜帶方便、服用方便）”的原則。

10．在藥物制劑設計研究時，防止光化和氧化可采取哪些措施？

答：防止光化可采取：易氧化藥物制劑的過程中應盡量避光操作，并采取庶光包裝材料及在避光條件下保存。如采取棕色玻璃瓶包裝、注射劑還可在包裝紙盒內襯墊黑紙，片劑可在包衣時加入庶光材料。

防止氧化可采取：煮沸除氧；加抗氧劑；加金屬離子螯合劑；通惰性氣體、調節PH值、避光等措施。

四、根據抗壞血酸分子結構特點及所學過的基本理論知識，結合藥劑學實驗，試設計制備10%抗壞血酸注射液（規格為500mg：5ml）1000ml的完整處方與制備工藝方法，并進行處方分析（抗壞血酸原料藥按100%投料計算）參考答案：

處方：維生素C(主藥)

100g

依地酸二鈉（絡合劑）

0.05g

碳酸氫鈉（PH調節劑）

49.0g

亞硫酸二鈉（抗氧劑）

2.0g

注射用水

加至1000ml 配制： 在配置容器中，加處方量80％的注射用水，通二氧化碳至飽和，加維生素C溶解后，分次緩緩加入碳酸氫鈉，攪拌使完全溶解，加入預先配制好的依地酸二鈉和亞硫酸氫鈉溶液，攪拌均勻，調節藥液PH6.0－6.2，添加二氧化碳飽和的注射用水至足量，用垂熔玻璃漏斗與膜濾器過濾，溶液中通二氧化碳，并在二氧化碳氣流下灌封，最后于100℃流通蒸汽15min滅菌。

處方及工藝分析：

1.維生素C分子中有烯二醇式結構，顯強酸性，注射時刺激性大，產生疼痛，故加入碳酸氫鈉（或碳酸鈉）調節PH，以避免疼痛，并增強本品的穩定性。

2.本品易氧化水解，原輔料的質量，特別是維生素C原料和碳酸氫鈉，是影響Vc注射液的關鍵。空氣中的氧氣、溶液PH和金屬離子（特別是銅離子）對其穩定性影響很大。因此處方中加入抗氧劑（亞硫酸氫鈉）、金屬離子絡合劑及PH調節劑，工藝中采用充惰性氣體等措施，以提高產品穩定性。但實驗表明，抗氧劑只能改善本品色澤，對制劑的含量變化幾乎無作用，亞硫酸鹽和半胱氨酸對改善本品色澤作用顯著。

3.本品穩定性與溫度有關。實驗表明，用100℃流通蒸汽滅菌，含量降低3%；而100℃流通蒸汽15min滅菌，含量僅降低2%，故以100℃流通蒸氣15min滅菌為宜。