第一篇:英語(yǔ)中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)
淺談初中英語(yǔ)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的幾種特例
馮雅娟
初中英語(yǔ)課本對(duì)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方式已做了較為詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明,如在第2冊(cè)第65至66頁(yè)中,對(duì)其中的讀 音規(guī)則及構(gòu)成方法,已作了簡(jiǎn)單的歸納,并對(duì)其中的不規(guī)則變化的名詞也進(jìn)行了舉例說(shuō)明。這對(duì)初中學(xué)生在掌 握這方面的知識(shí)過(guò)程中起了基礎(chǔ)教育的作用。但在以后幾冊(cè)的課本中,對(duì)少數(shù)幾個(gè)具有特殊情況的名詞,沒(méi)有 作單獨(dú)的說(shuō)明。為了在初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中對(duì)這方面的知識(shí)有一個(gè)更全面、更深入的了解,以便在今后的學(xué)習(xí)中逐 步提高,以及實(shí)際運(yùn)用過(guò)程中不出偏差,不犯錯(cuò)誤,我認(rèn)為有必要在課堂教學(xué)的實(shí)施過(guò)程中,做進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明,以期引起大家的注意。
本文擬分補(bǔ)充與說(shuō)明兩個(gè)部分。茲分述如下:
[補(bǔ)充部分]
一、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)是先把y變?yōu)閕,再加es。但下面兩個(gè)專(zhuān)有名詞恰恰是例外: 它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式是直接加-s。例如:Mary-Marys:
I Know two Marys,one is called Mary Smith ,the other is called MaryWhite
Germany-Germanys:
The two Germanys,that is to say ,East Germany and West Germany aregoing to merge.二、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)是把-f,或-fe變?yōu)?ves。
如: wife-wives,life-lives
thief-thieves,leaf-leaves
half-halves,etc.有些則是直接加-S。例如:
grief-griefs,proof-proofs
chief-chiefs,belief-beliefs,etc.而象 handkerchief 那樣,既可變?yōu)椋篽andkerchiefs,也可變?yōu)閔andkerchieves,這應(yīng)當(dāng)看作是一種例 外。
三、以-man 結(jié)尾的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)是將-man變?yōu)?men。但有幾個(gè)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則是直接加-s。這 也可以看作是一種例外。
如: German-Germans,human-humans,etc.四,以-ch 結(jié)尾的名詞,當(dāng)-ch發(fā) [t∫]音的時(shí)候,其復(fù)數(shù)形式則加-es。
如: match-matches watch-watches,etc.但是,當(dāng)-ch 發(fā)[k]音的時(shí)候,則只需直接加-s。
如: stomach-stomachs,epoch-epochs,etc.五、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)是加上-es。如:tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes但有幾種情況是例外。例如:
(1)以雙元音結(jié)尾的: radio-radios,zoo-zoos,etc.(2)某些外來(lái)詞: photo-photos
piano-pianos,kilo-kilos,etc.六,以-is 結(jié)尾的外來(lái)詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式一般是變-is 為-es。
例如: oasis-oases,analysis-analyses,etc.七、另外,還有一些特殊的變化方式。
例如: mouse-mice,abacus-abaci(或abacuses)
cow-cattle,tooth-teeth etc.但是有些單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。
例如: sheep,Chinese,deer,Japanese,etc.八、表示“某國(guó)人”的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有如下三種情形:
(1)單、復(fù)數(shù)詞形相同。
a Chinese-two Chinese,a Japanese-two Japanese
(2)名詞后面直接加-s。
an American-two Americans,an Austrian-two Austrians
an Australian-two Australians,a Russian-two Russians
a German-two Germans,a Swede-two Swedes
(3)以-man結(jié)尾的,則變?yōu)?men。
an Englishman-two Englishmen
a Frenchman-two Frenchmen,etc.九、縮寫(xiě)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式其構(gòu)成方法有三種:
(1)一般是直接加-s。
例如: Dr.(Doctor)→Drs.hr(hour)→hrs.yr.(year)→yrs.No.(Number)→Nos.Mt.(Mount)→Mts.etc.(2)有時(shí)用重復(fù)字母來(lái)表達(dá)。縮寫(xiě)時(shí)則將最后那個(gè)輔音字母重復(fù)一次。
例如:
P.(Page)→pp.(第5頁(yè)至第7頁(yè)pp5-7)
l.(line)→ll.c.(copy)→cc.f.(and following page)→ff.ex.(example)→exx.(3)度量衡的縮寫(xiě)詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式往往不變。
例如:ft.(foot)→ft.km.(kilometre)→km.kg.(kilogramme)→kg.m.(metre)→m.[說(shuō)明部分] 一、一般而言,英語(yǔ)中表示度、量、衡及物價(jià)等的單位名詞為可數(shù)名詞,有單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)的詞形變化。如:
one penny→six pennies
one dollar→two dollars
Thirty pounds?That’s too expensive
Some weigh as much as fifteen tons each
There’s danger about thirty metres ahead.但是其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍舊用單數(shù)形式。例如:
Where is that five pounds?
Twenty miles is a long way to walk.值得注意的是音譯的漢語(yǔ)量詞,一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:里(li),斤(jin),畝(mu),元(yuan),角(jiao),分(fen)etc.It is about 5li from here.The book cost me two yuan and five jiao.The pig weighs over one hundred jin.二、某些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,有時(shí)具有特別的意思。例如:papers(文件,證件)goods(貨物),clothes(衣服),arms(武器)minutes(記錄),times(時(shí)代),greens(青菜)looks(外貌),manners(禮貌)peoples(民族,種族),words(言語(yǔ)),grounds(場(chǎng)地,庭園),works(工廠、工事、著作)etc.三、有些名詞經(jīng)常帶著-s詞尾的。例如:
news,politics,physics,the United States,the United Nations,ect.但通常把它們當(dāng)作單數(shù)看待,只有在個(gè)別的句子里才作復(fù)數(shù)處理。例如:
Politics is an important thing.(政治是一件重要的事情)
What are your politics?(你的政見(jiàn)如何?)
四、某些表示由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞。trousers,glasses,shoes,chopsticks,etc.還包括goods,ar ms,clothes,minutes,contents,wages,ect.都可作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
Joe’s new trousers are black.His clothes are quite old.High wages make Jim very happy.五、一般地說(shuō)物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,因此沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
information,knowledge,advice,milk,water,ice,bread,etc.但是某些名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),其含義或 可表示若干種類(lèi)(a),或可表示數(shù)量之多(b)。例如:
a.There are many fishes in the river.(河里有許多種魚(yú)。)
This animal can eat one sheep and some other foods a day
(這種動(dòng)物一天能吃掉一只羊及其他的食物。)
b.She told him of all her hopes and fears.(她把她所有的希望及擔(dān)憂之事告訴了他。)
This brought to mind her sufferings in those days.(這使她回想起在那些日子中所受的苦)
六、有些集體名詞,通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Police,people,youth ,cattle,etc.其單數(shù)形式分別為:a po liceman,a person,a young person,a cow ,etc.七、有些集體名詞,例如:family,class,team,school,party,government,public,union,company,etc.既 可作單數(shù),也可作復(fù)數(shù)。作單數(shù)時(shí),把集體名詞看作一個(gè)整體,作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),指該集體中的每個(gè)人。例如:The football team is being organized.(足球隊(duì)正在組建立中。)The football team are having a rest.(足 球隊(duì)們員正在休息。)
第二篇:英語(yǔ)名詞復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)題
名詞變復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)題
一、請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
this _____________ watch___________ diary____________ day____________ book____________ dress____________ sheep___________ tea_____________ box___________ strawberry_________ peach__________ sandwich__________ paper_________ juice__________ water____________ milk___________ rice__________
二.寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)
I _____ him ______ this ______ her _____ watch ____
child_______ photo_______ diary_____ day_____ foot____ book______ dress________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box______ strawberry _______ thief _____ yo-yo ________ peach______ sandwich _____ man______ woman______ paper______ juice_______ milk_____ rice_____ tea_____ people_______ CD______三.請(qǐng)把下列各詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式:1、hero 2、potato 3、match 4、boy5、city 6、kangaroo 7、radio 8、zoo9、photo 10、leaf 11、knife 12、scarf13、mouth 14、man 15、foot 16、tooth17、child 18、mouse 19、woman 20、Chinese21、sheep 22、fish 23、glass
四.給下列的名詞加上復(fù)數(shù)的形式:
Thriller_________ documentary ________ comedy________ action_________ movie ______ life_______ knife _______ fry________ leaf________ photo_______ radio ________piano_______ zoo________ tomato _______ potato______ bus_______ watch ________ box_______ book_______ map______
cat ______ film ________ door_______ month_______ horse______ picture_______ class______ boy_______ tooth_______
woman ________ eye_______ tooth _______ German________ Chinese______ man _______football________ child_______ classroom _______ monkey_______ tree________ egg_______ coat________ Frenchman_________
選擇填空1、They are________A: man doctor B: men doctors C: men doctor D: man doctors2、There are ive____ in the hill.A: sheep B: sheeps C: goose D: deers3、Those white socks ____ small.A: are B: is C: am D: do4、We have many _____in our school.A: woman teacher B: women teachers C: woman teachers D: women teacher5、Do you like _____?A: vegetable B: vegetables C: an vegetable6、How many _____do they have?A: picture B: pictures C: a picture7、There are six ____in the room.A:volleyball B: volleyballs C: a volleyball D: volleyballs8、Are these ____teachers?A: woman B: women C: womans9、It is ____.A: milk B: a milk C: an molk D: milks10、It’s a ____.It isn’t an ____.A: apple, egg B: cake,egg C: egg,orange D: egg,cake11、Tom and Jim are ___.A: friends B: friend C: brother D: sister12、Where are his ____? ___the dresser.A: keys , They are on B: key, They are on
C: keys, It is at D:key, It is in13、Are those your ____?A: bookes B: boxs C: apples D: apple
名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞,其中可數(shù)名詞具有單復(fù)數(shù)的形式;而不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下:1、一般情況下,直接加“s”,如:book—books、bag—bags、cat—cats、bed—beds2、以“s、x、sh、ch”結(jié)尾,加“es”,如:bus—buses、box—boxes、watch—watches3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加“es”,如:family—families、strawberry—strawberries4、以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加“es”,如:knife—knives5、以o結(jié)尾,有生命的加“es”, 無(wú)生命的加“s”.如:potato—potatoes、zoo—zoos6、不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish
sheep-sheep people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
當(dāng)people后加上“s”時(shí)即peoples表示“民族”例如:There are peoples in China.以下詞為常為不可數(shù)名詞,他們的復(fù)數(shù)形式就是他們本身。water milk tea rice orange juice bread不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量關(guān)系可借助量詞表示,如a cup of tea、two cups of tea
名詞復(fù)數(shù)練習(xí)題選擇填空1.They come from different ______A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato3.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes and pencil-boxes B.knives and pencils-boxC.knives and pencil-box D.knives and pencils-boxes4.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs5._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos B.Tomatoes C.Tomato
6.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries B.cherry C.cherrys7.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs and wolfs B.Foxes and wolfs C.Foxes and wolves.8.What do you want to drink much ?A.a milk B.milk C.milks.9.This is—— room.It’s very big.A.Lily and Lucy’s B.Lily’s and Lucy’s C.Lily’s and Lucy
10.What do you want some for supper?A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos11.In autumn,you can see a lot of on the ground.A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves
12.My sister has two.One is old,the other is new.A、a watch B、watchs C、watches
13.There on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos14.That’a art book.A.an B.a C.the D are
15.There two in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches將以下單復(fù)數(shù)句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換1、This is a knife.2、That is a tomato.3、That child is very good.4、These are mice.5、Those are children.單項(xiàng)選擇 1.The __ in our yard are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.boys C.boies3.A cat has four ____ , doesn’t it?A.foots B.feet C.feets4.There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.A.American,Japanese B.Americans,Japanese C.American, Japanese5.Can you see nine ____ in the picture?A.fish B.book C.horse6.The _____ has two______.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before she goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths9.I saw many _____ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s10.The green sweater is his _________.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s
選擇填空 1.They come from different ______A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachersC.women teacher D.woman teacher4.Would you like _______ ,please?A.two glass of water B.two glasses of waterC.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, GermenC.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-boxC.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, travelingC.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films.A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs10.My uncle has three _______.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens
第三篇:名詞復(fù)數(shù)
1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法
規(guī)則變化的復(fù)數(shù)名詞遵循以下原則:
(1)在一般情況下,加詞尾-s:
desk→desks 書(shū)桌
tree→trees 樹(shù)
face→faces 臉
(2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等結(jié)尾的名詞,通常加詞尾-es:
bus→buses 公共汽車(chē) box→boxes 盒子
dish→dishes 盤(pán)子
(3)以y 結(jié)尾的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成要分兩種情況:以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,將 y 改為 ies;以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加詞尾-s:
city→cities 城市
boy→boys 男孩
key→keys 鑰匙 monkey→monkeys
(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,有些加-es,tomato→tomatoes 西紅柿
potato→potatoes土豆
hero→heroes英雄
Negro→Negroes黑人
【注】以o結(jié)尾的名詞后加詞尾-s的有 zoo(動(dòng)物園),photo(照片),piano(鋼琴),等;
(5)以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,一般將 f / fe 改為 ves:
knife→knives 小刀
thief→thieves 賊 life→lives 生命
【注】主要的有wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(樹(shù)葉),thief(賊),half(一半),self(自己),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。它們的復(fù)數(shù)形式均是將詞尾的f或fe改為ves。
另外,也有的以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞直接加詞尾-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)(如roof →roofs 屋頂,proof →proofs 證據(jù)),但這在初中英語(yǔ)中很少見(jiàn)。
2.單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞
初中英語(yǔ)中主要的有:
sheep 綿羊 fish 魚(yú)
deer 鹿 Chinese 中國(guó)人
Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人
等
【注】fish 有時(shí)也用 fishes 這樣的復(fù)數(shù)形式,尤其表示種類(lèi)時(shí)。
3.不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)名詞
有的名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),沒(méi)有一定的規(guī)則:
man→men 男人
woman→women 女人
child→children 小孩
tooth→teeth 牙齒
foot→feet 腳
mouse→mice 老鼠
【注】一些以 man, woman 結(jié)尾的合成詞,構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)與 man, woman 的變化形式相同,如:
policeman→policemen 警察
Englishwoman→Englishwomen(女)英國(guó)人
但是 human(人),German(德國(guó)人)不是合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)不能仿 man 的變化規(guī)律,而是按規(guī)則變化,即用 humans, Germans。
另外,當(dāng)man和woman用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)時(shí),若其后被修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù),則man和woman也要用復(fù)數(shù):
man nurse→men nurses 男護(hù)士
woman doctor→women doctors 女醫(yī)生
第四篇:復(fù)數(shù)名詞整理
1、clothes, cloth, clothing有什么區(qū)別,舉例說(shuō)明
clothes 是“衣服”,指具體的衣服,不能用作單數(shù),也不能和數(shù)詞連用。不能說(shuō)a clothes,five clothes,也不說(shuō)The clothes is ?,而應(yīng)說(shuō)The clothes are?。例如:
She is dressed in her everyday clothes.她穿著日常穿的衣服。
He wears fine clothes.他穿著講究。
Where did you get your clothes made?你的衣服在哪做的?
clothing 是衣服、服裝的總稱(chēng),是集體名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。可以說(shuō)an article of clothing,a piece of clothing一件衣服。例如:
The orphans are well provided with food and clothing.孤兒的衣食供應(yīng)很充足。
This shop sells men’s clothing.這家商店賣(mài)男裝。
cloth 的意思是“布料”、“毛料”、“絲綢”(特別指布料和毛料)。Cloth在一般情況下是物質(zhì)名詞,不可數(shù),沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù),不能與不定冠詞連用。例如:a piece of cloth(不能說(shuō)a cloth)一塊布料
This piece of cloth is long enough for you to make a shirt.這塊布?jí)蚰阕鲆患r衣。
值得注意的是,cloth和某些詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞,作為特殊用途的一塊布時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。例如:
a tablecloth一塊桌布
a dishcloth一塊擦碗布
The waiter dried the glass with a dirty cloth.那個(gè)服務(wù)員用一塊臟布擦干了玻璃。
2、只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞)一些成雙成對(duì)的名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)的有jeans(牛仔褲)、headphones(耳機(jī))、trousers(褲子)、clothes(衣服)、pants(短褲)、glasses(眼鏡)、shoes(鞋子)、sunglasses(太陽(yáng)鏡)、scissors(剪刀)、compasses(圓規(guī))。這些名詞可單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也可用...pair/pairs of修飾,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)詞取決于pair的形式。
2)一些食物名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)的有noodles, vegetables, snacks。
3)一些固定短語(yǔ)中的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)有的express one's thanks to sb.(向某人表達(dá)感激之情), a letter of thanks(一封感謝信), in high/low spirits(情緒高漲/低落), have sports(進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng))。
4)一些不可數(shù)名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但卻表示單數(shù)概念,常見(jiàn)的有news(消息), means(手段)。
As we all know, no news is good news.眾所周知,沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。
5)一些專(zhuān)有名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但卻表示單數(shù)概念,常見(jiàn)的有:the United States(美國(guó))、the United Nations(聯(lián)合國(guó))、the United Kingdoms(英國(guó))、the Arabian Nights(《一千零一夜》)。
第五篇:英語(yǔ)中只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞
一、一些成雙成對(duì)的名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)的有jeans(年仔褲), headphones(耳機(jī)), trousers(褲子), clothes(衣服), pants(短褲), glasses(眼鏡), shoes(鞋子), sunglasses(太陽(yáng)鏡), scissors(剪刀), compasses(圓規(guī))。這些名詞可單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也可用…pair/pairs of修飾,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)詞取決于pair的形式。
二、一些食物名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些食物名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)的有noodles, vegetables, snacks。We will have noodles for supper this evening.今天晚上我們吃面條。She likes to eat snacks very much.她很喜歡吃零食。
三、一些固定短語(yǔ)中的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些固定短語(yǔ)中的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)有的express one’s thanks to sb.(向某人表達(dá)感激之情), a letter of thanks(一封感謝信), in high/low spirits(情緒高漲/低落), have sports(進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng))。
Look, all of them are in high spirits.瞧,他們的情緒都很高漲。
四、一些不可數(shù)名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些不可數(shù)名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但卻表示單數(shù)概念,常見(jiàn)的有news(消息), means(手段)。
As we all know, no news is good news.眾所周知,沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。
五、一些專(zhuān)有名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些專(zhuān)有名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但卻表示單數(shù)概念,常見(jiàn)的有:the United States(美國(guó)), the United Nations(聯(lián)合國(guó)), the United Kingdoms(英國(guó)), the Arabian Nights(《一千零一夜》)。
As far as I know, the United Nations was set up in 1925.就我所知的而言,聯(lián)合國(guó)成立于1925年。
六、一些表示慶祝、祝賀的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些表示慶祝、祝賀的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見(jiàn)的有:celebrations(慶祝), congratulations(祝賀)。
Do you go in for the New Year celebrations every year?你們每年都慶祝新年嗎?