第一篇:個(gè)人陳述(PS)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)之學(xué)術(shù)性發(fā)展方向
個(gè)人陳述(PS)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)之學(xué)術(shù)性發(fā)展方向
我們?cè)谇懊娴腜S寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)總述中談到,按照申請(qǐng)者的發(fā)展方向分有一類是學(xué)術(shù)型,下面我來(lái)談一下這一類型的PS寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)。這一類申請(qǐng)者對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)研究有著深深的熱愛(ài),而且有了不少的成就。
【范例】
開(kāi)頭:
假如我是一名教師,我一生中教授的學(xué)生將是有限的,假如我是一個(gè)教育領(lǐng)域的研究者,也許我的一個(gè)教育模式,一個(gè)理論的突破將會(huì)給教育界帶來(lái)福音!教育是世界的,而不僅僅是屬于某個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的;但是教育也是具體的,不是任何別國(guó)和別地區(qū)成功的模式都能夠照搬和推廣的。而作為發(fā)展中國(guó)家的一員怎樣做到將優(yōu)化的教育模式傳播給世界,怎樣將世界優(yōu)化的教育模式引進(jìn)到中國(guó),建立適合中國(guó)特性的教育模式是我經(jīng)過(guò)22年時(shí)間的選擇與實(shí)踐后確立的人生目標(biāo)!
(A teacher can only instruct a limited number of students, whereas an educational researcher can make a far-reaching impact on the whole world by breaking through traditional educational models and theories.Although education cuts across the boundaries of nations, we can’t promote a country’s successful educational model in another in the same way.Having grown up in a developing country, I have decided on my life goal after 22 years’ life: namely, to establish an ideal educational model with Chinese characteristics by introducing China’s optimal
educational models into the world, and vice versa.)
正文:
第一段:我所具備的素質(zhì)讓我對(duì)國(guó)際教育一見(jiàn)鐘情
我如何接觸到國(guó)際教育的 我具備的學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)專業(yè)的素質(zhì)
第二段:在理論上的深造
一是理論書(shū)籍閱讀
二是理論性論文的撰寫(xiě)
第三段:在實(shí)踐中我對(duì)國(guó)際教育理解的加深
在##山區(qū)的支教:應(yīng)用國(guó)際教育的理論進(jìn)行比較分析
在##研究室的工作
結(jié)尾:
隨著我在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域稍為深進(jìn)的探討,我發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)能夠提供的研究資源和條件是非常有限的,而且現(xiàn)代的比較教育在中國(guó)的教育史上還處在一個(gè)非常的年幼的階段。另一方面,從事國(guó)際教育那么一個(gè)必然的趨勢(shì)就是要走向國(guó)際,站在國(guó)際的視角上往看到這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展和在教育政策規(guī)劃中的應(yīng)用!學(xué)成回國(guó)之后,我將從事國(guó)際教育尤其是比較教育領(lǐng)域的研究,在鑒戒國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上為制定符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的教育規(guī)劃和教育模式做出自己的貢獻(xiàn),為文化的交流和傳播做出貢獻(xiàn)!
溫馨提示:專業(yè)的事情,交給專業(yè)的機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)完成。10年來(lái),監(jiān)審留學(xué)一直致力于留學(xué)文書(shū)的寫(xiě)作服務(wù),已經(jīng)幫助過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)留學(xué)生申請(qǐng)到理想的大學(xué),擅長(zhǎng)美國(guó),加拿大,英國(guó)和澳洲的個(gè)人陳述和推薦信寫(xiě)作。如果您有寫(xiě)作方面的需求可
以 聯(lián)系QQ:970865017,按時(shí)交稿,絕不拖延,再也不用發(fā)愁。
(In China, however, academic resources and environment is very inadequate, and modern comparative education is underdeveloped.On the other hand, it is necessary for one to go abroad and develop an international perspective if she wishes to be involved in international education.Thus, I would like to continue my studies abroad, and devote myself to the studies of international education, comparative education in particular, when I return to China.With my ambition in education, I deem it my duty to contribute to the planning and models of China’s education and the cultural exchange between China and other countries as well.)
通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)性發(fā)展方向的申請(qǐng)者PS寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)的學(xué)習(xí),我想符合這一類型的申請(qǐng)者對(duì)于自己的PS寫(xiě)作已經(jīng)有了大概的構(gòu)思,希看可以對(duì)大家有所幫助。
第二篇:個(gè)人陳述(PS)寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)
英國(guó)留學(xué)申請(qǐng)之個(gè)人陳述寫(xiě)作最全教程
一、英國(guó)留學(xué)個(gè)人陳述(PS)的主旨
個(gè)人陳述PS在英國(guó)留學(xué)申請(qǐng)中之所以重要是因?yàn)楹芏嘤?guó)大學(xué)無(wú)需面試申請(qǐng)人,所以他們唯一認(rèn)識(shí)你的地方就是網(wǎng)上申請(qǐng)表格。大部分表格涵蓋了你的個(gè)人信息,包括大學(xué)感興趣的你的學(xué)術(shù)/語(yǔ)言成績(jī)、推薦信以及PS(留學(xué)個(gè)人陳述)。
PS(留學(xué)個(gè)人陳述)是這些材料當(dāng)中唯一一個(gè)由你來(lái)控制的,所以這個(gè)是你給大學(xué)招生辦留下一個(gè)良好印象的機(jī)會(huì),這個(gè)印象是用分?jǐn)?shù)無(wú)法反映出來(lái)的。尤其是當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校競(jìng)爭(zhēng)特別激烈,所有的申請(qǐng)者都有很好的成績(jī)的時(shí)候,PS就是唯一一種能凸顯你的與眾不同的材料,所以同志們,一定要盡可能地把PS做到盡善盡美。
大學(xué)招生辦和課程老師在看你的PS的時(shí)候,他們通常會(huì)問(wèn)以下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1、我們是否想要這個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)這門(mén)課程?
2、我們是否想要這個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)我們的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)?
這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題可以分解為以下幾個(gè)小問(wèn)題來(lái)解答:
1)這個(gè)學(xué)生是否適合他/她所申請(qǐng)的課程?
2)這個(gè)學(xué)生是否具備他/她所申請(qǐng)的課程需要的素質(zhì)?
3)這個(gè)學(xué)生是否有足夠的毅力、勤奮的品格以及不會(huì)輕易輟學(xué)?
4)這個(gè)學(xué)生是否會(huì)全力以赴地達(dá)到這門(mén)課程所要求的各項(xiàng)能力?
5)這個(gè)學(xué)生是否能在高壓底下工作?
6)這個(gè)學(xué)生是否能很快得調(diào)整好自己融入到大學(xué)的新環(huán)境?
7)他們的交際能力如何?
8)他們是否熱愛(ài)這個(gè)課程并且做了仔細(xì)的研究
9)他們對(duì)課程是否有真正的興趣并且渴望去做更深入的學(xué)習(xí)?
這些問(wèn)題就是需要你在PS當(dāng)中去表述和解答,只不過(guò)你不能只是說(shuō)YES和NO,你需要有足夠的事實(shí)依據(jù)去證明你的說(shuō)法,讓你的觀點(diǎn)言之有物。不過(guò),招生辦的老師們畢竟也是平凡人,他們有可能需要閱讀成百上千的PS,所以即便你覺(jué)得已經(jīng)對(duì)上述問(wèn)題回答的很好了你還有可能被不幸地拒絕。
還有其他的一些技巧可以讓你的PS脫穎而出給老師們留下深刻印象,但要記住老師們也都因人而異他們對(duì)于申請(qǐng)者的期望也都不完全相同,怎么把握當(dāng)中玄機(jī)就看童鞋們自己拿捏了。
二、標(biāo)注自己的亮點(diǎn)
現(xiàn)在你還不需要開(kāi)始思考文章框架和行文結(jié)構(gòu),你只需要思考一些關(guān)于你的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷并做一些記錄。但也不是泛泛地記錄,最好的方式是使用一系列的標(biāo)題并在該標(biāo)題之下寫(xiě)一些與之相關(guān)的亮點(diǎn),以下是可供你思考的主題:(以下關(guān)乎主體寫(xiě)作部分,就不做中文翻譯,用英文思考有助于PS寫(xiě)作)
What you want to study at university and why?
Specific aspects of the courses that interest you
Examples of coursework you have completed
Practical work you have enjoyed
Things you have read related to the subject area
Work experience or voluntary work in this area
Conferences you have attended
Personal experiences which lead to the decision to take this subject
Where you hope a degree in this subject will lead
Experiences that show you are a reliable and responsible person
Part-time job
Business enterprise
Community and charity work
Sixth form committee
Helping out at school events and open days
Young Enterprise, World Challenge, Duke of Edinburgh award, Asdan Award Debating societies and what you've gained from these experiences.Your interests and skills
What you like to do in your free time
Sport and leisure activities
Subjects you study which are not examined
Musical instrument which you play
Languages which you speak
Prizes you have won or positions achieved in your interests
Gap year(這個(gè)主要針對(duì)local學(xué)生,英國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)氐暮⒆訒?huì)在大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后有個(gè)gap year,專門(mén)去環(huán)游世界體驗(yàn)人生)Why you're taking a Gap year(if you are)
Why you want to take a gap year
What you plan to do
How this may relate to your course
這樣的記錄下來(lái),你就會(huì)有一系列的關(guān)于你自己的亮點(diǎn),這些素材在你的PS寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中都非常有價(jià)值。
上面清單提到的要點(diǎn)如果你都還沒(méi)有素材也不要擔(dān)心,只要仔細(xì)去思考你做過(guò)的哪些事情可以很好地表現(xiàn)你的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。最重要的是你需要有一個(gè)明確的足夠有說(shuō)服力的理由去申請(qǐng)課程,就算那些理由現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)起來(lái)有些愚蠢。
所有的招生辦老師都希望招收那些對(duì)自己申請(qǐng)的課程有足夠的熱情和激情的學(xué)生,只要熱火火得證明你確實(shí)是就可以!
如果你選擇這門(mén)課程僅僅是因?yàn)槟銢](méi)有其他更好的選擇了,那你就要仔細(xì)考慮換一門(mén)你更喜歡的專業(yè)。
現(xiàn)在咱們有一些寫(xiě)作的思路了,幾乎可以開(kāi)始考慮怎么把它們寫(xiě)進(jìn)PS中了。
三、你和你申請(qǐng)的課程
你可以有很驚人的學(xué)分、有很牛的課外活動(dòng),而且有很高尚的人格,但如果招生老師認(rèn)為你與該課程不相符,你同樣會(huì)遭受拒絕。
還好剛剛的一些記錄已經(jīng)給了你很清晰的思路---關(guān)于怎么去證明你想要去學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)課程。
如果沒(méi)有第二步的準(zhǔn)備你至少也要確定你的確想要學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)課程,ps寫(xiě)作是個(gè)浩大的工程,你也不想寫(xiě)到最后忽然決定你想學(xué)習(xí)別的課程,所以在你更進(jìn)一步寫(xiě)作之前一定要確定你選好了一個(gè)適合你的專業(yè)。
記住不要為了選專業(yè)而選專業(yè),你需要對(duì)該課程所在的領(lǐng)域有一定的興趣并且有一個(gè)大致的了解,知道自己為什么要選擇這個(gè)課程,同時(shí)把你了解的情況表述出來(lái)去說(shuō)服招生辦老師們。
仔細(xì)地思考一下為什么這個(gè)課程會(huì)吸引你,并且盡可能多地記錄下這些理由。當(dāng)然在草稿當(dāng)中你只能寫(xiě)出一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有關(guān)系,之后正式寫(xiě)作你可以再調(diào)整,關(guān)鍵的是你需要找出自己希望學(xué)習(xí)本課程的主要理由。
四、你的個(gè)人陳述(PS)原則是什么?
這里可以給大家羅列一些要點(diǎn)給你指導(dǎo)參考:
1、一定不要表現(xiàn)得自命不凡
2、盡量不要以“I”開(kāi)頭展開(kāi)句子描述
3、盡量用有趣的詞組做開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾
4、盡量不要引用報(bào)紙雜志書(shū)籍上的名言警句,感覺(jué)像是表示你多么地飽讀經(jīng)書(shū)然后故意秀出來(lái)一樣。
5、一定不要撒謊,要真實(shí)誠(chéng)懇。
6、不要嘗試在ps里面故作滑稽開(kāi)玩笑
7、不要談與你的申請(qǐng)無(wú)關(guān)的興趣愛(ài)好
8、不要用生僻詞匯
9、不要重復(fù)那些在大學(xué)申請(qǐng)表格上就有的內(nèi)容
10、不要提及任何政治立場(chǎng)
這些原則可以讓你知道該把焦點(diǎn)放在哪些事情上,不至于使你在看過(guò)大量范文之后迷失了自己。當(dāng)然如果你本人機(jī)智幽默,語(yǔ)言詼諧的話也不反對(duì)你在ps里巧妙地表現(xiàn)自己的這個(gè)風(fēng)格。
五、PS的語(yǔ)言表述
在英國(guó)留學(xué)PS寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中,很多人都會(huì)先閱讀優(yōu)秀的PS范文。而在PS范文閱讀過(guò)程中,你可能會(huì)找到一些你喜歡的語(yǔ)言表述方式。首先記住,千萬(wàn)不要簡(jiǎn)單地復(fù)制粘貼,復(fù)制范文就是抄襲,如果招生辦老師發(fā)現(xiàn)了會(huì)馬上當(dāng)?shù)裟?(老外對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生的造假行為是非常敏感的)
就算有些句子是出自于你自己的深刻領(lǐng)會(huì)也千萬(wàn)不要直接拷貝,你可以在他的句子之上適當(dāng)改造,使之成為適合你的素材。
你需要去用些漂亮的表達(dá)去讓你看起來(lái)對(duì)專業(yè)充滿熱情以及顯得你是個(gè)很有趣的人。
你可以通過(guò)看ps范文以及大學(xué)相關(guān)的課程申請(qǐng)要求來(lái)找到適合你的表達(dá)方式。
大學(xué)的申請(qǐng)要求(University prospectuses)描述是非常重要的需要去關(guān)注的地方,你上學(xué)校網(wǎng)站找到你要申請(qǐng)的課程,看看它的課程描述,同時(shí)比照一下你自己是否對(duì)其所提出的要求吻合,然后列下一些單詞和句子的清單,類似于這個(gè):
to gain greater understanding of the world around you.sends a signal to prospective employers and graduate schools
students of economics become problem-solvers.the fact is economics affects our daily lives.a challenging and diverse discipline
develops analytical skills, quantative skills, research skills
It's interesting and relevant
千萬(wàn)不要直接復(fù)制你看到的句子,把它們改造一下用你自己的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用到你的ps當(dāng)中去。
六、PS的結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在可以考試考慮PS的文章結(jié)構(gòu)了。
一種辦法就是將你前面做過(guò)的紀(jì)錄分為幾個(gè)類別然后每一個(gè)類別寫(xiě)作一段,比如:
第1段:專業(yè)認(rèn)識(shí),以及其中吸引你的部分,談?wù)劄槭裁础?/p>
第2段:在與這個(gè)專業(yè)相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域上我都做了什么。(在你的學(xué)校申請(qǐng)表格當(dāng)中還沒(méi)有提到的)
第3-4段:在校時(shí)期的工作經(jīng)歷。
第5段:我的業(yè)余愛(ài)好以及個(gè)人能力。
第6段:我期望上貴校的決心及全文總結(jié)。
再次聲明,這個(gè)僅僅是一個(gè)參考,怎么寫(xiě)作還是要取決于你自己。
七、PS的正式寫(xiě)作
個(gè)人陳述的重要性已經(jīng)人人皆知,在開(kāi)始正式寫(xiě)作PS前,有些注意事項(xiàng)需要銘記于心。
記住ps的目的---你需要向招生辦老師們展示為什么他們要在你申請(qǐng)的課程以及這個(gè)學(xué)校錄取你。
除了寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容以外,語(yǔ)言表達(dá)風(fēng)格同樣會(huì)被作為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
記住你只有非常有限的字?jǐn)?shù)長(zhǎng)度,太長(zhǎng)了容易讓人疲倦,太短了如果你覺(jué)得難以再擴(kuò)展的話也不用擔(dān)心,短小精悍的ps總歸是要比又長(zhǎng)又臭的ps討喜的。
寫(xiě)作態(tài)度上盡量積極樂(lè)觀,如果有些事情是讓你都苦惱的就盡量用一種巧妙的方式去表達(dá)。
在你寫(xiě)作之前,還要注意去看看學(xué)校網(wǎng)站上是否有對(duì)ps的相關(guān)要求,這些要求都是招生辦老師們寫(xiě)的一定可以在如何寫(xiě)作上給你打開(kāi)思路。
現(xiàn)在你可以開(kāi)始動(dòng)筆了,每一個(gè)點(diǎn)的描述都說(shuō)說(shuō)你做了什么,解釋你為什么這樣做,同時(shí)從中又收獲了什么,在這樣的寫(xiě)作框架中你的ps就變得充實(shí)、有趣以及有價(jià)值!
比如像這樣:I currently have a part time job and this has taught me much about teamwork, responsibility and time management in the workplace.八、寫(xiě)作完了之后干什么?
個(gè)人陳述的重要性已經(jīng)人人皆知,在開(kāi)始正式寫(xiě)作PS前,有些注意事項(xiàng)需要銘記于心。
記住ps的目的---你需要向招生辦老師們展示為什么他們要在你申請(qǐng)的課程以及這個(gè)學(xué)校錄取你。
除了寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容以外,語(yǔ)言表達(dá)風(fēng)格同樣會(huì)被作為判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
記住你只有非常有限的字?jǐn)?shù)長(zhǎng)度,太長(zhǎng)了容易讓人疲倦,太短了如果你覺(jué)得難以再擴(kuò)展的話也不用擔(dān)心,短小精悍的ps總歸是要比又長(zhǎng)又臭的ps討喜的。
寫(xiě)作態(tài)度上盡量積極樂(lè)觀,如果有些事情是讓你都苦惱的就盡量用一種巧妙的方式去表達(dá)。
在你寫(xiě)作之前,還要注意去看看學(xué)校網(wǎng)站上是否有對(duì)ps的相關(guān)要求,這些要求都是招生辦老師們寫(xiě)的一定可以在如何寫(xiě)作上給你打開(kāi)思路。
現(xiàn)在你可以開(kāi)始動(dòng)筆了,每一個(gè)點(diǎn)的描述都說(shuō)說(shuō)你做了什么,解釋你為什么這樣做,同時(shí)從中又收獲了什么,在這樣的寫(xiě)作框架中你的ps就變得充實(shí)、有趣以及有價(jià)值!
比如像這樣:I currently have a part time job and this has taught me much about teamwork, responsibility and time management in the workplace 寫(xiě)作完了之后干什么?
首先仔細(xì)閱讀你的寫(xiě)作成品并且嘗試換成別人的角度來(lái)看你的ps。看看它是否行文通暢易于閱讀?所描述的內(nèi)容是否完全符合真實(shí)的你?如果你覺(jué)得自己閱讀的話容易沉醉其中的話最好找其他人去幫你看。
接下來(lái),請(qǐng)別人幫你看,主要是你的家人、朋友、老師或者其他你覺(jué)得可以提出建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)的人。他們會(huì)幫你審閱里面的拼寫(xiě)或者語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,同時(shí)也會(huì)提醒你遺漏的部分。
再來(lái),可以給你的學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或者職業(yè)咨詢師看,這些人看過(guò)很多ps,他們知道怎么去評(píng)判。
另外就是,你可以放到網(wǎng)上讓網(wǎng)友幫你參考,不過(guò)如果放在網(wǎng)上所有人都能看到的話,可能會(huì)讓別人偷了你的idea。
在給完一圈別人審閱之后,你的原作可能會(huì)有大量的修改,在做這些修改之前,最好原作版本也保存?zhèn)浞荨2粩嘈薷摹⒔o人評(píng)判、再修改,一般一份ps完成下來(lái),都是要10-20次的修改,所謂磨刀不誤砍柴工!
提醒一下大家,現(xiàn)在基本都是網(wǎng)上申請(qǐng),最終完成的ps版本存檔之后,注意到網(wǎng)上提交時(shí)仔細(xì)檢查各個(gè)提交操作是否沒(méi)有疏漏,注意不要有多余的操作不小心讓你的ps提交時(shí)候清空了。
九、英國(guó)留學(xué)個(gè)人陳述(PS)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答
Q1: PS是否有字?jǐn)?shù)限制?
A1:每個(gè)學(xué)校的要求可能會(huì)有不同,這個(gè)要根據(jù)學(xué)校的要求來(lái)改,通常前期寫(xiě)好的PS稿子都是要再做增加或刪減的,至少要在里面體現(xiàn)為什么要申請(qǐng)這所學(xué)校的原因。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)500到800字?jǐn)?shù)的文章已經(jīng)很理想了。
Q2:什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始寫(xiě)合適?
A2:請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀本帖教程一至九。
Q3:招生辦老師們都在尋找怎樣的學(xué)生? A3:請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀本帖第二條,另外一定要仔細(xì)看學(xué)校網(wǎng)站對(duì)專業(yè)的招生要求,那里都會(huì)有非常仔細(xì)的描述。
Q4:如果我要申請(qǐng)雙學(xué)位怎么辦?
A4:你有兩種選擇可以讓你的PS去申請(qǐng)雙學(xué)位,一種選擇是你分別針對(duì)兩門(mén)課程寫(xiě)兩封PS,一種是只寫(xiě)一封PS但只提尼覺(jué)得最重要的那個(gè)專業(yè)不提另外一個(gè)。
第二種方式有個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)就是你可以在說(shuō)明課程共有的屬性時(shí),同時(shí)申請(qǐng)兩個(gè)雙學(xué)位。
如果你決定這么做你首先必須確保自己有足夠的能力去證明你同時(shí)也適合另一個(gè)專業(yè)。
Q5:如果我要申請(qǐng)兩個(gè)不同的專業(yè)怎么辦?
A5:一封PS來(lái)申請(qǐng)兩門(mén)不同的專業(yè)是很難的。
如果這兩個(gè)專業(yè)很相似,比如數(shù)學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)、會(huì)計(jì)和商科你就可以只寫(xiě)一封general一些的PS去分別申請(qǐng)兩門(mén)專業(yè)。
如果兩門(mén)專業(yè)是完全不相關(guān)的,用一封PS申請(qǐng)就是完全不可能的了。取而代之地,你需要選擇一封PS能夠讓你最大程度并錄取的。
比如說(shuō),如果你申請(qǐng)了四個(gè)不同學(xué)校的同一門(mén)課程,以及另外兩個(gè)學(xué)校的另外一個(gè)課程,你可能只需要寫(xiě)一封你最想要申請(qǐng)的那門(mén)專業(yè)的PS,其他兩個(gè)學(xué)校的那門(mén)課程你甚至都可以完全不要去想,或者最好申請(qǐng)其他那兩個(gè)學(xué)校的同類型的課程。同時(shí)你還需要仔細(xì)看清楚你所申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校的入學(xué)成績(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),看看自己是否符合才做決定。
如果你還想申請(qǐng)兩個(gè)不同學(xué)校的三門(mén)完全不同的課程,那就奉勸你最好不要這么做,就算你這么做了,你最后還只是學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)課程,因此盡量縮小你的選擇范圍在類似的課程上是比較明智的做法。
最后的總結(jié)
在與申請(qǐng)課程相關(guān)的事情上,寫(xiě)出最獨(dú)特的自己!
仔細(xì)思考自己的特點(diǎn)有哪些?
最后記住這是你的個(gè)人陳述,你可以有技巧地暢所欲言。
指導(dǎo)只是幫助你打開(kāi)思路,千萬(wàn)不要盲從,遵循內(nèi)心的聲音寫(xiě)出真實(shí)的自我才是PS絕佳的取勝之道!
第三篇:個(gè)人陳述寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)
本帖最后由 米粒 于 2012-8-8 20:47 編輯
基本原則
一、保持真實(shí)性
明星需要包裝,你也需要包裝自己得到錄取委員會(huì)的認(rèn)可,但是這個(gè)包裝絕對(duì)不是小品《如此包裝》里面的鞏漢林包裝趙麗蓉。你的留學(xué)申請(qǐng)文書(shū)描寫(xiě)的人必須看起來(lái)是一個(gè)真實(shí)的人,而不是一個(gè)能背下百科全書(shū)的全才。
二、回答問(wèn)題
在錄取要求中,有些學(xué)校對(duì)個(gè)人陳述是有要求的,比如叫你回答以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題等等,所以在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中,你一定不能忽略這些問(wèn)題,在整篇個(gè)人陳述中要融有這些問(wèn)題的答案。
三、聽(tīng)從指導(dǎo)
比如有些學(xué)校會(huì)限定字?jǐn)?shù)范圍,這個(gè)時(shí)候你最好遵守,無(wú)論他們的要求是什么,都按照他們的要求去做,因?yàn)榱魧W(xué)委員會(huì)的老師在留學(xué)書(shū)中提出這些要求都是有原因的。
四、寫(xiě)出特點(diǎn)
每個(gè)人的生活都大同小異,但是每個(gè)人又有獨(dú)具特色的一面,如果你寫(xiě)出自己的特色,你就是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的,沒(méi)有人能夠模仿的人,同時(shí)你的個(gè)人陳述也會(huì)激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣。
五、細(xì)節(jié)支持
再次強(qiáng)調(diào),留學(xué)個(gè)人陳述中不要有那么多的虛詞和空洞的內(nèi)容,一定要有細(xì)節(jié)去支撐你想突出的主題。把一個(gè)事物具體化,這樣不僅內(nèi)容充實(shí),有細(xì)節(jié),也容易讓別人相信,覺(jué)得這個(gè)事情是真的。
六、抓住他們的眼球
每個(gè)留學(xué)委員會(huì)的老師會(huì)閱讀每一篇個(gè)人陳述,因?yàn)檫@是他們的職責(zé),如何在眾多文書(shū)中吸引他們的眼球,讓他們留下深刻印象?抓住老師眼球你就成功了一半,獨(dú)特的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾,吸引人的細(xì)節(jié)描述比起虛詞更能抓住他們的眼球。
七、遵守Deadline
如果所申請(qǐng)的美國(guó)大學(xué)規(guī)定申請(qǐng)文書(shū)要在11月15日到達(dá),那你一定要在這個(gè)期限之前把文書(shū)展現(xiàn)在他們眼前,好好準(zhǔn)備并及時(shí)交稿,千萬(wàn)不要拖拉。
八、用心排版
格式要讓別人看起來(lái)舒服,比如用Times new roman字體, 小四字號(hào),行距1.5倍,整體版面不要太花哨。字體不要太小,行距也要恰當(dāng),不然閱讀者沒(méi)有耐心看下去。
九、不要有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
不管任何情況,都不要出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,這是最基本的。
十、對(duì)自己有信心
信心是成功的源泉,不管怎么樣,都要相信自己是最好的!
總而言之,要塑造一個(gè)符合對(duì)方觀點(diǎn),同時(shí)由真實(shí)而立體的形象。因?yàn)橥鈬?guó)大學(xué)從不缺乏優(yōu)秀的申請(qǐng)者:成績(jī)極高者、奧賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺@暾?qǐng)者、體育和文藝特長(zhǎng)生,學(xué)校社團(tuán)和機(jī)構(gòu)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者比比皆是。
并不是說(shuō)學(xué)校不重視他們的成績(jī)、成就和獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),而是學(xué)校更希望了解到,學(xué)生們會(huì)怎樣定位自己的“優(yōu)秀”,除了自己的優(yōu)秀之處,他們是否關(guān)注其它社會(huì)議題,是否對(duì)待生活有著深入的思考,是否對(duì)自己在經(jīng)歷中的成長(zhǎng)和收獲有著清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。
一篇打動(dòng)人心的留學(xué)個(gè)人陳述,能夠讓學(xué)校看到留學(xué)申請(qǐng)者實(shí)實(shí)在在的形象:這個(gè)學(xué)生很真誠(chéng),或是這個(gè)學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷真有意思,我很想邀請(qǐng)他到校園里面,了解更多有關(guān)他的其它想法和經(jīng)歷。
基本步驟:
一:搜集想法
在寫(xiě)作留學(xué)個(gè)人陳述時(shí),可以使用多種方式搜集想法:形象靈感,列單子,頭腦風(fēng)暴等。
1.你是誰(shuí)?你是一個(gè)怎么樣的人?
2.你有什么樣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)?哪些優(yōu)點(diǎn)你認(rèn)為對(duì)留學(xué)申請(qǐng)有利?為什么有利?哪些缺點(diǎn)你認(rèn)為是斃命的?
3.你印象最深刻的一件事情? 4.你最有成就感的一件事?
5.你經(jīng)歷最大的挫折是什么?如何度過(guò)的?有什么感想或收獲? 6.你現(xiàn)在最想做的事情是什么?
7.回憶你最喜歡的一件物品,它對(duì)你有什么樣的影響和意義?
8.你的老師是怎么樣評(píng)價(jià)你的?朋友怎么樣評(píng)價(jià)你的?家長(zhǎng)怎么樣評(píng)價(jià)你的? 9.你最重要的課外活動(dòng)和社區(qū)活動(dòng)是什么? 10.這個(gè)外國(guó)名校為什么要錄取你? 11.你的職業(yè)目標(biāo)是什么? 12.為什么申請(qǐng)這個(gè)專業(yè)留學(xué)? 13.你將能為這個(gè)外國(guó)名校帶來(lái)什么?
14.你對(duì)現(xiàn)在所學(xué)專業(yè)或者將要學(xué)習(xí)的專業(yè)有什么樣的認(rèn)識(shí)和看法? ……
二:精簡(jiǎn)想法
通過(guò)以上方法,相信在寫(xiě)作留學(xué)申請(qǐng)文書(shū)時(shí)很多內(nèi)容會(huì)在腦海中出現(xiàn),比如目標(biāo),重要經(jīng)歷,個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)等等,我們要把大量想法精簡(jiǎn),找出最能表現(xiàn)自己的。這時(shí)必須找出一個(gè)主題,這個(gè)主題不僅得將自己的個(gè)性特征與經(jīng)歷完美融合形成一個(gè)連貫整體,還要表達(dá)對(duì)進(jìn)入這所外國(guó)名校的強(qiáng)烈愿望。
審理留學(xué)申請(qǐng)材料的也是一個(gè)正常人,也會(huì)疲憊,如何給一個(gè)每天閱讀50-100份類似文稿的人留下一個(gè)持久的印象并非易事,這就要求你的文章必須精簡(jiǎn),有想法,有主題,不能把所有你認(rèn)為優(yōu)秀的東西都列在上面,必須有所刪減。在刪減過(guò)程中要注意:你選的主題是否有利于突出你個(gè)人的價(jià)值?有沒(méi)有具體的事例以能更生動(dòng)描述你的經(jīng)歷?你的主題有噱頭嗎?你的主題是不是留學(xué)申請(qǐng)表上一些內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)?文章中有支持主題的段落嗎?你能完整回答提出的問(wèn)題嗎?能在限定的次數(shù)內(nèi)充分表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)嗎?你的主題會(huì)牽扯到許多其他人嗎?例如信奉上帝,民主黨或共和黨……爭(zhēng)議性的東西最好不要出現(xiàn)在這些主題中。
三:搜索細(xì)節(jié)
精簡(jiǎn)想法,把主題確定下來(lái)以后,你要仔細(xì)搜索關(guān)于這些主題的細(xì)節(jié),越詳細(xì)越好!這些細(xì)節(jié)要有力支撐你的主題。人們都不喜歡空頭話,都不喜歡虛的東西。只有細(xì)節(jié)撐腰,事實(shí)做主,寫(xiě)出來(lái)的東西才有真實(shí)性,才能打動(dòng)人。在搜索細(xì)節(jié)的過(guò)程中,你就可以計(jì)劃這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)
適合放在什么地方。
四:創(chuàng)建結(jié)構(gòu)和提煉大綱
主題確定了,細(xì)節(jié)想好了,結(jié)構(gòu)和大綱自然就出來(lái)了。這主要想說(shuō)一下開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。開(kāi)頭千萬(wàn)不要寫(xiě)我是誰(shuí)誰(shuí),來(lái)自哪,想申請(qǐng)貴校什么專業(yè)。這樣的開(kāi)頭方式太過(guò)于開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,無(wú)任何特色可言。有特色的開(kāi)頭是成功的一半,能讓讀者有繼續(xù)看下去的念頭。制造一個(gè)懸念,創(chuàng)造一個(gè)情境等等,都是不錯(cuò)的開(kāi)頭方式。結(jié)尾部分也很重要,留學(xué)申請(qǐng)材料審核者今天心情不好,可能不看你中間部分的內(nèi)容,但肯定也會(huì)看你開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾部分,所以一個(gè)好文章,不僅要有吸引人的開(kāi)頭,也要一個(gè)給人留下印象深刻的結(jié)尾。
五:初稿及修改
提綱是初稿的根據(jù),往提綱里頭加入細(xì)節(jié)和內(nèi)容,初稿就出來(lái)了。初稿完成以后,先休息兩天,過(guò)兩天再回頭看看你寫(xiě)的文章,再回歸到最原始的問(wèn)題。
1.文章能不能很好表現(xiàn)你自己?
2.文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾是否真的吸引人?是否能給人留下深刻印象? 3.文章是否有明確的主題?所有內(nèi)容是否圍繞這個(gè)主題? 4.文章有詳細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)支撐嗎? 5.文章有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤嗎? 6.我能寫(xiě)的再好一點(diǎn)嗎?
留學(xué)個(gè)人陳述初稿修改一遍之后,可以給家長(zhǎng),同學(xué),朋友或者老師看看,讓他們提出詳細(xì)意見(jiàn),結(jié)合他們的建議再次修改。這樣重復(fù)幾遍,相信這是一篇好文章!
注意事項(xiàng)
個(gè)人陳述,(PERSONAL STATEMENT,以下簡(jiǎn)稱PS)是申請(qǐng)美國(guó),加拿大,英國(guó)等西方國(guó)家的大學(xué)/研究生錄取時(shí)由申請(qǐng)人寫(xiě)的關(guān)于自我的一篇漫談體文章。當(dāng)然有的學(xué)校要求的文章題目不一定叫PERSONAL STATEMENT,如有的學(xué)校讓你寫(xiě)出動(dòng)機(jī)(Motivation)興趣,經(jīng)歷等。由于在中國(guó)的升學(xué)體制中,基本上是唯分?jǐn)?shù)論的,因此中國(guó)的申請(qǐng)人對(duì)這類文件的寫(xiě)作和思維方式不熟悉。而歐美大學(xué)錄取學(xué)生,發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,是通過(guò)全面綜合考察申請(qǐng)者的條件來(lái)決
定的。所謂留學(xué)文書(shū),如PS,推薦信,RP(Research proposal),CV等是一套文件系統(tǒng),用以向錄取院校從各個(gè)角度展現(xiàn)您的求學(xué)動(dòng)機(jī),學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)能力,工作和研究經(jīng)歷,結(jié)合一系列更“客觀”,可量化的指標(biāo):如GRE,TOEFL,IELTS,GPA等構(gòu)成您的全貌。留學(xué)文書(shū)在西方的文化背景下是申請(qǐng)入學(xué)(獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金)的極為重要的組成部分。其中PS往往對(duì)您的申請(qǐng)是否成功起到很大的作用。筆者在為數(shù)百計(jì)的申請(qǐng)人進(jìn)行留學(xué)文書(shū)的咨詢和寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn),由于中西方教育體制的差異和網(wǎng)上各種良莠不齊的“范文“的誤導(dǎo),許多申請(qǐng)人的PS寫(xiě)作理念非常混亂,本文結(jié)合中國(guó)申請(qǐng)人文書(shū)寫(xiě)作的常見(jiàn)弊端,簡(jiǎn)述PS的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)。
PS的長(zhǎng)度
在歐美,PS歸為ESSAY(漫談)類,是一種短小精悍的文體。筆者曾深入研究過(guò)歐美出版的優(yōu)秀PS文選,無(wú)不短小精悍,內(nèi)容卻非常豐滿,文筆優(yōu)美。一般來(lái)說(shuō)一篇PS的正常長(zhǎng)度為600—800英文單詞,而相當(dāng)多的中國(guó)申請(qǐng)人的PS超長(zhǎng)。筆者甚至見(jiàn)到某些人的PS寫(xiě)到3千多字。
很多中國(guó)申請(qǐng)人試圖把自己的方方面面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和成績(jī)展示出來(lái),須知PS不是簡(jiǎn)歷的詳細(xì)補(bǔ)充,許多信息可以通過(guò)其它文件展示(如學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)等)。美國(guó)大學(xué)的招生人員曾談到:在留學(xué)申請(qǐng)旺季時(shí),面對(duì)堆積如山的文件,一般他們審查一個(gè)PS的時(shí)間只有2、3分鐘,那種長(zhǎng)篇大論類的PS只能讓人心生厭煩。
PS必須緊扣所要申請(qǐng)那個(gè)專業(yè)的主題寫(xiě),主線要明確,不要盲目的個(gè)性化
許多人都一知半解地聽(tīng)說(shuō)PS需要“獨(dú)特個(gè)性”(unique),和“煽情”(Emotional),因此挖空心思地找自己的“獨(dú)特“點(diǎn)和亂“煽情“,結(jié)果往往南轅北轍,許多中國(guó)申請(qǐng)人往往用大段篇幅寫(xiě)一些不相干的個(gè)性,在招生者眼中,這完全不著邊際(make no sense)。必須明確,PS這樣一篇短短數(shù)百字的文章是沒(méi)有地方去說(shuō)不相干的廢話的。通過(guò)PS您必須讓招生者知道您選擇該專業(yè)的明確和強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī),同時(shí)具備充分的條件完成該專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)。當(dāng)然在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上每個(gè)人都可以通過(guò)很獨(dú)特而有個(gè)性的文字來(lái)表達(dá)自己。如筆者曾經(jīng)修改過(guò)一份申請(qǐng)CS(計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè))的PS,原文用了數(shù)百字描述他如何開(kāi)展班級(jí)工作的經(jīng)歷。筆者將其改為:我喜歡思考,如何讓事物運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得更有效率。在大學(xué)期間我擔(dān)任班級(jí)文藝委員職務(wù)。在工作初期,成員經(jīng)常因?yàn)樾愿瘛⒐ぷ鞣绞礁鳟惍a(chǎn)生矛盾。后來(lái)我根據(jù)每個(gè)人情況,讓性格外向,善于與人交際的人做外聯(lián)及工作將協(xié)調(diào)溝通的工作;讓善于思考、思維活躍、勇于創(chuàng)新的人做各項(xiàng)工作的籌備及策劃工作;讓有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)、有凝聚力的人做整個(gè)工作的進(jìn)度安排、及分配各項(xiàng)任務(wù)。這樣安排的結(jié)果是系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮了最佳效率。既突出了個(gè)性,又緊扣申請(qǐng)CS專業(yè)應(yīng)具有的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)南到y(tǒng)思維能力這一重要素質(zhì)體現(xiàn)了出來(lái)。
結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,銜接緊密,主線明確,便于理解
“Simple is the best”請(qǐng)記住,招生人員每天要讀大量的申請(qǐng)資料,只有那種簡(jiǎn)單有力重點(diǎn)突出的的文章才能打動(dòng)招生人員。留學(xué)文書(shū)其實(shí)是您個(gè)人的廣告,您仔細(xì)想想,給您留下深刻印象的廣告哪個(gè)不是簡(jiǎn)明而有力的?中國(guó)申請(qǐng)人往往傾向于把自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)不分主次全都告訴招生人員,導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是招生人員對(duì)您的整體印象的模糊。筆者認(rèn)為,PS中什么都是重點(diǎn),就等于沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)。
精心安排PS和其它文件的關(guān)系
如上所述,PS,推薦信,簡(jiǎn)歷等文件構(gòu)成一整套申請(qǐng)文件系統(tǒng),既需要相互應(yīng)證,也需要這些文件各有側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此在寫(xiě)作這些文件之前必須總體構(gòu)思安排文章的布局和每個(gè)文件突出的重點(diǎn)。許多申請(qǐng)人將本該由簡(jiǎn)歷或推薦信突出的內(nèi)容放在PS中,這樣不但造成信息的無(wú)效重復(fù),同時(shí)弱化了PS應(yīng)起的作用。
語(yǔ)言表達(dá)層面上一定要用地道的英語(yǔ)
中國(guó)人自己讀得很順的英語(yǔ)往往是按中文的語(yǔ)言邏輯寫(xiě)成的“中式英語(yǔ)”,不但會(huì)大大削弱您想表達(dá)的意思,產(chǎn)生誤解,而且會(huì)讓招生人員看起來(lái)很枯燥無(wú)味(DULL).有些申請(qǐng)人,特別是考過(guò)GRE的申請(qǐng)人,用詞句式過(guò)于夸張,古怪,不符合英語(yǔ)的思維習(xí)慣和文風(fēng)。這種中國(guó)學(xué)院英語(yǔ),其實(shí)經(jīng)常讓外國(guó)教授難以理解或是看后笑得前仰后合。完成的文件最好由母語(yǔ)人士進(jìn)行修改。(實(shí)習(xí)編輯:顧萍)
和我國(guó)的學(xué)生不同,國(guó)外的學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作PS時(shí),一般都喜歡寫(xiě)一些個(gè)人的故事,關(guān)于自己學(xué)習(xí)研究方面的內(nèi)容,則常放在Resume里面。這是英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人對(duì)PersonalStatement的理解造成的。我們并不一定要按照國(guó)外的定義來(lái)承襲他們的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格。何也?事實(shí)勝于雄辯。在十多年的輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)歷中,我見(jiàn)到過(guò)許多成功的PS,作者在其中都強(qiáng)調(diào)了自己學(xué)習(xí)和科研方面的能力,或者是學(xué)術(shù)方面的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程。這種和國(guó)外學(xué)生完全不同的寫(xiě)作方式得到了對(duì)方教授的認(rèn)可,否則他們便不會(huì)被給予全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。
但是我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都不要忘了PersonalStatement 的本義。所謂Personal,顧名思義,就是要求申請(qǐng)者寫(xiě)出自己的個(gè)性或者是個(gè)人特色來(lái)。作為出國(guó)材料的重中之重,你的任務(wù)就是要通過(guò)這一信件反映出你的個(gè)性。
要想寫(xiě)出一篇好的、具有個(gè)性化的PS是有一定的方法的,在我看來(lái),具體應(yīng)該分成如下幾個(gè)步驟:
第一步:Reflection(反思)。所謂“反思”,就是要回顧自己的整個(gè)人生經(jīng)歷或者學(xué)習(xí)生涯,比如從小學(xué)、高中、大學(xué)直到現(xiàn)在(一般來(lái)說(shuō),PS只要寫(xiě)出自己大學(xué)階段的經(jīng)歷就可以了),自己有哪些與眾不同之處。我們反思的目的
就是要找出自己身上的閃光點(diǎn)——比如說(shuō)有什么特殊的興趣或者是獨(dú)特的經(jīng)歷,自己有哪些比較獨(dú)特的個(gè)性等等。
到新東方學(xué)習(xí)GRE的同學(xué)都習(xí)慣于追求一種共性,因?yàn)橹挥性诼?tīng)從老師所告訴你的共性的規(guī)律的時(shí)候,你才可能用這種共性的方法來(lái)破解ETS的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試的規(guī)律,從而取得高分。但是,我們?cè)趯?xiě)PS的時(shí)候卻應(yīng)走一種與前面的考試截然相反的道路。在一篇PS中,一定要寫(xiě)出自己的個(gè)性、自己的特色來(lái),只有這樣,你才會(huì)在眾多的申請(qǐng)材料中脫穎而出,讓對(duì)方的教授一下子記住你,然后在集體討論的時(shí)候推薦你。切記:“獨(dú)特性”是寫(xiě)作PS的生命。
每年我國(guó)達(dá)到GRE的平均分?jǐn)?shù)線,并獲得基本資格的申請(qǐng)人數(shù)特別多——實(shí)際上對(duì)于國(guó)內(nèi)申請(qǐng)者的真正的考驗(yàn)是個(gè)性化的陳述。你要通過(guò)生動(dòng)的個(gè)人陳述向他們展示你就是他們所需要的“這一個(gè)”。不要寫(xiě)那些共性的東西,盡管共性的東西寫(xiě)起來(lái)比較容易,但他對(duì)你有百害而無(wú)一利。
我國(guó)的申請(qǐng)者大致都擁有相同的背景,都是大學(xué)畢業(yè),都是二十一、二歲,并具有大致相同的GRE成績(jī),希望到美國(guó)等一些最發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家進(jìn)一步深造。然而這幾乎是人所共知的事實(shí),都是共性的東西,絲毫體現(xiàn)不出你的個(gè)性來(lái)。如果你在PS里,自鳴得意地告訴對(duì)方畢業(yè)于中國(guó)的什么名牌大學(xué),以為對(duì)方教授會(huì)由此而對(duì)你刮目相看,這多半是夢(mèng)想,說(shuō)了也白說(shuō)。除了個(gè)別院校由于招收的中國(guó)學(xué)生很多,對(duì)中國(guó)的大學(xué)有所了解以外,其他很多學(xué)校對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)大學(xué)的排行情況實(shí)在知之甚少。
我這里再舉幾個(gè)我在日常咨詢時(shí)所接觸到的反面例子,以說(shuō)明什么內(nèi)容是不具備“獨(dú)特性”的。很多申請(qǐng)者在談到自己出國(guó)深造的動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí),常常會(huì)說(shuō)“是為了獲取更多的知識(shí)”。這等于廢話。為什么呢?因?yàn)槿魏稳诉M(jìn)一步深造都會(huì)獲取更多的知識(shí)。不要說(shuō)出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)能夠獲得更多的知識(shí),實(shí)際上在家看電視也能獲得更多的知識(shí)。更糟糕的是,有的申請(qǐng)者竟然說(shuō)中國(guó)學(xué)生都喜歡出國(guó),所以自己也要出國(guó)。也許這是一個(gè)事實(shí),但是你沒(méi)有展現(xiàn)出除此之外你還有哪些個(gè)人的理由。一個(gè)讀MBA的同學(xué)在essay中寫(xiě)到,他出去讀書(shū)的目的是為了掙很多的錢(qián)。這種回答是不合適的,因?yàn)橄霋旰芏噱X(qián)是絕大多數(shù)人的共同愿望。你至少要說(shuō)出“想掙很多錢(qián)”的理由或背景跟別人有什么不一樣,都一樣的東西你就不要再說(shuō)了。這就好像在炎熱的夏天,你穿了一件美麗的紅裙子,心懷歡喜地走在大街上,滿以為會(huì)贏得行人的矚目,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),滿街走著的都是穿紅裙子的姑娘。
在一篇PS中,我們應(yīng)該用心地追溯自己的個(gè)人歷史,努力找出自己的閃光點(diǎn)。那么,如何才能找出自己身上的閃光點(diǎn)呢?以我自己為例,我獲得學(xué)位后,在一家會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所從事貸款申請(qǐng)咨詢,就是代理信件,或者是針對(duì)銀行提供的各種服務(wù)寫(xiě)一些服務(wù)指南類的宣傳性小冊(cè)子分發(fā)給小企業(yè)。后來(lái)我回國(guó)到了新東方,從事的就是英文寫(xiě)作,指導(dǎo)別人如何寫(xiě)出合格的申請(qǐng)信而獲取到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。俞
敏洪就說(shuō),你以前的工作就是幫助別人寫(xiě)信要錢(qián),新東方就需要你這樣的人,因?yàn)樾聳|方有大批的人,通過(guò)了語(yǔ)言考試卻不知道怎樣寫(xiě)申請(qǐng)材料以獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。所以通過(guò)老俞的點(diǎn)撥,我反思了一下自己的一生:哦,原來(lái)我擁有這么一個(gè)技能啊!我多年的努力竟然有這么一個(gè)結(jié)果。這就是我的閃光點(diǎn),雖然聽(tīng)上去比較可笑。
寫(xiě)PS就某種意義而言類似于寫(xiě)新聞特寫(xiě),在有限的篇幅內(nèi),通過(guò)精心的構(gòu)思和生動(dòng)的描述,使自己的形象栩栩如生、神采奕奕地跳將出來(lái),從而在對(duì)方作為讀者的教授們的腦海里,定格、擴(kuò)大,等到評(píng)審委員會(huì)的成員集中在一起討論誘人的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金“花落誰(shuí)家”的時(shí)候,你才會(huì)作為他們心儀的“這一個(gè)”,成為獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金得主。我們知道,在世界文學(xué)的人物畫(huà)廊里,任何能夠占據(jù)一席之地的人物形象都擁有著自己獨(dú)特而鮮明的個(gè)性。無(wú)論是文學(xué)作品的寫(xiě)作還是PS的寫(xiě)作,都是要給讀者留下深刻的印象。
當(dāng)然,PS的寫(xiě)作畢竟沒(méi)有必要像寫(xiě)文學(xué)作品那樣處處都要匠心獨(dú)具,在敘述的同時(shí),還要追求一些修辭或其他寫(xiě)作方法使其搖曳多姿,比如運(yùn)用一些比喻或者是蒙太奇等等。在一篇PS中,我們只需用準(zhǔn)確而樸實(shí)的語(yǔ)言表現(xiàn)出自己的獨(dú)特性所在即可,注意:切忌在PS中玩弄文字,任何玩弄文字的人都注定會(huì)出力不討好。
現(xiàn)在來(lái)談PS寫(xiě)作的第二步:Positioning(定位)。所謂定位,具體在一篇PS里,就是說(shuō)申請(qǐng)者如何在經(jīng)過(guò)第一階段的反思之后確定出比較能夠體現(xiàn)自己獨(dú)特性所在的個(gè)人形象。我們可以用車來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題。比如說(shuō)本田這種車,在國(guó)外一般是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)開(kāi)的,而寶馬在國(guó)外則被定位為高檔車,一般適用于一些比較有錢(qián)的專業(yè)人士,比如說(shuō)律師或者是醫(yī)生們;而奔馳則專門(mén)定位給那種最有財(cái)富的企業(yè)老板們。準(zhǔn)確的定位對(duì)于成功的進(jìn)行PS寫(xiě)作至關(guān)重要,它有助于你根據(jù)自己的性別、年齡、所學(xué)的專業(yè)來(lái)進(jìn)行材料的選擇。例如,如果你是一個(gè)年紀(jì)比較大的男性,已經(jīng)三十多歲,打算去讀博士,你寫(xiě)的東西就應(yīng)該更穩(wěn)重一些,更多側(cè)重于自己的科研能力、團(tuán)隊(duì)精神等等;假如你是一個(gè)二十多歲的小女孩,剛剛大學(xué)畢業(yè),學(xué)的是文科,——由于美國(guó)、加拿大的文科院校一般都希望申請(qǐng)者來(lái)自不同的專業(yè),——那么在這種情況下,如果你再濃墨重彩地渲染自己的專業(yè)成績(jī)有多么好就沒(méi)有必要了。這時(shí)你就可以多寫(xiě)一些個(gè)人的東西,比如說(shuō)表現(xiàn)一下自己的潛在才能,寫(xiě)一些自己的理想和抱負(fù)等等。新東方的同學(xué)一般稱這種類型的寫(xiě)作為“煽情”式寫(xiě)作,其實(shí)不是說(shuō)煽情,而是說(shuō)更具個(gè)性化。
在經(jīng)過(guò)前一階段認(rèn)真的反思,找到自己準(zhǔn)確的定位之后,我們就該進(jìn)入PS寫(xiě)作的第三步了,這就是確立文章的主題。像文學(xué)作品的寫(xiě)作一樣,PS寫(xiě)作的主題應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確鮮明,切忌審題不清,東一榔頭西一棒子的瞎侃,這樣的結(jié)果只會(huì)讓讀者如墜霧中,不知所云。
曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)小女孩,是學(xué)老撾語(yǔ)的,打算到美國(guó)讀“政治科學(xué)”。因?yàn)闆](méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)很好的反思找到自己的閃光點(diǎn),所以初稿沒(méi)有寫(xiě)好。我剛才講了,社會(huì)科學(xué)類別的院系,不要求你本科所學(xué)為相同專業(yè),他們更喜歡申請(qǐng)者來(lái)自不同的專業(yè)以呈現(xiàn)出生員的多樣化。但是這個(gè)小女孩不懂這一點(diǎn),她硬往所申請(qǐng)的專業(yè)上夸張,講自己經(jīng)過(guò)四年閱讀TimeMagazine,(《時(shí)代周刊》,美國(guó)的一家新聞周刊而非學(xué)術(shù)雜志),懂了很多國(guó)際關(guān)系方面的知識(shí),其中最重要的一條就是她發(fā)現(xiàn)中美關(guān)系特別重要。這種寫(xiě)法其實(shí)是非常搞笑的,因?yàn)閲?guó)外的教授并不需要你對(duì)Politicalscience有什么精深的了解,他本來(lái)就是要在將來(lái)教授你這些東西的,你只要表現(xiàn)出自己在該領(lǐng)域或?qū)I(yè)有一定的潛力和資質(zhì)就足夠了。
在咨詢過(guò)程中,我促使這位同學(xué)進(jìn)行一番認(rèn)真的思考。結(jié)果她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的最大特色是很有語(yǔ)言天賦和交流能力,于是在重新寫(xiě)作PS時(shí),她的第一句話就是:“我是語(yǔ)言障礙的推土機(jī)”,第二句話她接著寫(xiě)的是,“我不能容忍別人不理解我,或者我不理解別人,我總是要伸出我的雙手去歡迎我周圍的人”。這個(gè)小女孩的實(shí)際情況是這樣的:由于她父母經(jīng)常要更換工作,工作地點(diǎn)常常是從福建到廣東來(lái)回變動(dòng),于是她得以遍歷我國(guó)方言最為艱澀難懂的兩個(gè)南方地區(qū),后來(lái)她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己每到一個(gè)新的地方,很快就能夠?qū)W會(huì)當(dāng)?shù)氐姆窖裕捎跊](méi)有語(yǔ)言障礙,她也很容易結(jié)交到朋友,她特別需要有朋友。這位同學(xué)在學(xué)校的生活也非常活躍,比如她曾經(jīng)作為義工到懷柔參加了世界婦女代表大會(huì),雖然她只是在那兒干些掃地之類的差事,可是她由此而獲得了聆聽(tīng)來(lái)自世界各國(guó)具有不同文化背景的杰出婦女暢談她們對(duì)于婦女解放等的觀點(diǎn)和看法,自己的知識(shí)面由此而豐富了很多。在大學(xué)時(shí),她曾經(jīng)熱情地幫助外國(guó)留學(xué)生如何去適應(yīng)中國(guó)的社會(huì)和文化生活。
通過(guò)反思,這位同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很有語(yǔ)言天賦,性格特征則屬于比較活潑熱情型的。于是她就把自己定位為一個(gè)熱情活潑的年輕女性。最后她確定了一個(gè)主題,這個(gè)主題就是語(yǔ)言是交流的工具,她怎樣克服語(yǔ)言障礙與人交流,而且是與杰出的人交流、與不同文化背景的人交流。通過(guò)這些,她又怎樣使自己的知識(shí)和思想變得越來(lái)越豐富,這樣她的全篇PS就符合了我剛才說(shuō)的三個(gè)步驟。
目前我國(guó)很多申請(qǐng)者的寫(xiě)作常常是沒(méi)有主題。正如我在前面所說(shuō),他們誤以為寫(xiě)自述都應(yīng)該是一個(gè)套路,即在第一段寫(xiě)自己的學(xué)習(xí)情況,第二段寫(xiě)自己的課外生活,第三段則寫(xiě)自己如何要為建設(shè)祖國(guó)奮斗云云,幾個(gè)部分之間沒(méi)有一個(gè)有機(jī)的聯(lián)系。許多申請(qǐng)者把各個(gè)部分都用黑體字、大標(biāo)題分開(kāi),這些標(biāo)題也通常是那種令人哭笑不得的豪言壯語(yǔ),而且千篇一律。常見(jiàn)的有Torise where you have fallen(在哪兒跌倒就在哪兒爬起),Believe inyourself.You can doit(相信你自己,你就有能力)。這都是國(guó)外幼兒園小孩的水平,青年知識(shí)分子不應(yīng)該總是把這些口號(hào)抄來(lái)抄去,這種方法是不好的。當(dāng)然也有分成小標(biāo)題寫(xiě)的,能夠獲得全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,不是那么絕對(duì)。我個(gè)人更喜歡的寫(xiě)作方式是從頭到尾有一個(gè)主題,一氣呵成。
我再舉一個(gè)主題緊緊圍繞閃光點(diǎn)的好例子。這個(gè)同學(xué)三十多歲,在國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)信息局工作。他的第一句話是:我是中國(guó)一個(gè)最掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)信息的人——一個(gè)大膽的宣言。他接著說(shuō),這是因?yàn)槲业墓ぷ魉斐傻模以趪?guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)信息局工作,我國(guó)的國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,從總理到部長(zhǎng),他們?cè)谥贫ㄖ卮蠼?jīng)濟(jì)決策的時(shí)候,常常參考我們所提供的各種各樣的分析報(bào)告;我為什么能夠做這樣的工作呢,因?yàn)槲矣谐錾姆治鰡?wèn)題的能力。他把個(gè)人的才干在文章一開(kāi)頭就很吸引人地提了出來(lái)。第二段就開(kāi)始倒敘,講了他從大學(xué)一直到研究生,在各階段的學(xué)習(xí)期間是怎樣培養(yǎng)以及展現(xiàn)自己這種所謂的驚人的分析能力的。他通過(guò)反思找到了自己的與眾不同的特點(diǎn),然后把自己很好的定位,確立自己的形象,然后確定主題,全文的所有內(nèi)容自然都圍繞這個(gè)主題。
我們平常談戀愛(ài)找對(duì)象,絕對(duì)不會(huì)說(shuō)是個(gè)女的就行了,或者說(shuō)不缺胳膊斷腿的就行了——除非你是個(gè)對(duì)生活極其不負(fù)責(zé)任或者特別絕望的人。我們都希望對(duì)方能找到喜歡我們自己的地方,希望他們經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)地觀察,覺(jué)得她在眾多的男人當(dāng)中就喜歡你這個(gè)男人,我們要有這種感覺(jué)。很多學(xué)校也希望你不僅僅是為了出國(guó)留學(xué)而隨便選個(gè)學(xué)校。
當(dāng)然這一項(xiàng)并不是一定要求的。如果對(duì)這個(gè)學(xué)校沒(méi)有進(jìn)行過(guò)什么研究,那就不要寫(xiě)下面這段話,什么你們學(xué)校有一流的師資(mostseasoned faculty),有一流的設(shè)備(first classfacilities),有一切為學(xué)生服務(wù)的精神(catering to students’needs),還有你們很注重多元化(diversity)等等。所有的學(xué)校都聲稱有這些特點(diǎn),因此你把這些對(duì)方印在介紹手冊(cè)上的話再抄一遍,只不過(guò)是占用了篇幅而已。
托爾斯泰曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò):“幸福的家庭都是一樣的,不幸的家庭卻各有各的不幸”這句膾炙人口的名言,具體到我們的PS寫(xiě)作,我總結(jié)演繹出了一個(gè)與之相反的結(jié)論:不好的PS的文章都是千篇一律的,好的PS的文章卻各有各的風(fēng)格。對(duì)于一篇PS來(lái)說(shuō),我們很難具體定論說(shuō)什么樣的文章就是好的,但是至少有一點(diǎn)可以肯定:只要文章的語(yǔ)言基本不錯(cuò),個(gè)性鮮明,并且突破了新東方學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作死公式,這樣的PS的申請(qǐng)結(jié)果往往不會(huì)錯(cuò)。
下面我來(lái)談?wù)勔黄狿S的長(zhǎng)度問(wèn)題。在我看來(lái),一篇比較合格的PS,用我們現(xiàn)在通常所用的A4紙和五號(hào)字來(lái)衡量,大概一頁(yè)半就足夠了。你也許會(huì)感到奇怪,這種說(shuō)法似乎有點(diǎn)死板,為什么不能夠?qū)憙身?yè)或者說(shuō)更長(zhǎng)呢?首先從經(jīng)驗(yàn)上來(lái)說(shuō),根據(jù)我多年來(lái)所接觸的大量的咨詢案例,我發(fā)現(xiàn)那些獲得全獎(jiǎng)的申請(qǐng)者,他們所寫(xiě)的PS一般都是這個(gè)長(zhǎng)度。其實(shí)這個(gè)不難理解,對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō),如果寫(xiě)得太長(zhǎng),你很難保證你的PS在寫(xiě)到兩頁(yè)以上時(shí)還保持內(nèi)容的趣味性,如我剛才所言,那些負(fù)責(zé)錄取的教授們都很忙,而這時(shí)如果你所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容抓不住他們的注意力的話,他在心生厭倦之余便會(huì)把你的PS扔到一邊,你所有的申請(qǐng)就算白廢
了。可是如果寫(xiě)得太短,比如說(shuō)一頁(yè)以內(nèi),我們又很難展現(xiàn)出自己的才華,對(duì)于自己的經(jīng)歷、抱負(fù)或者有關(guān)你的其他信息,由于篇幅的限制,你很難說(shuō)得明白。所以,根據(jù)通常情況,一頁(yè)半應(yīng)該說(shuō)是一篇比較不錯(cuò)的PS的合適的長(zhǎng)度。
基本例子
碩士申請(qǐng)文書(shū)點(diǎn)評(píng)——文書(shū)單刀直入的意義和先修課的重要性
Sample PS_ MPH
Personal Statement
Academic Program: Epidemiology M.P.H.“Get out of here and never come back!” Forcefully pushed out of the pub, I sat down against a nearby wall to scrub the dust off my shoes and regain my composure.My pride was wounded, not because of the way they treated me, but because they did not believe what I told them.It was the second time I had been forced out of this particular pub, a place for gay gathering.This is part of my research project “Health education model of preventing HIV/AIDS based on employer-employee relationships”, which I was working on.I believed that in order to effectively prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, employers, who are on the top of business pyramid, should be first in line to know the disease well, because they can leverage the sufficient resources necessary to exert great influence on the disease prevention within their enterprises.This approach fits the circumstances in China particularly well.In face of this frustration, I didn’t give up trying.Before the start of the project, the local center for disease control and prevention had already counted the fifth reported case of AIDS virus infection, who later acknowledged that he had once provided sex service in that club or dated his homosexual partner.The devastating consequences if no intervention would be taken obliged me to try other means.Working as a team, three friends joined my endeavor and we handed out brochures outside the pub that introduced HIV/AIDS preventive measures with the elaborately-designed slogan “We understand you by showing our care to you!” Eventually, our persistence had been well paid off.Our respect of their personal
choice melted the toughness of the owner of the club and he agreed to give a hand in sending the information to his employees and clients.點(diǎn)評(píng)1:前兩段基本上都在講自己為了宣傳防艾滋遇到的困難,沒(méi)有涉及到太深的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域,不是十分單刀直入,語(yǔ)句不是十分非常簡(jiǎn)練。但是,傳達(dá)了具體MPH 專業(yè)方向,這一點(diǎn)值得贊揚(yáng)。很多申請(qǐng)者因?yàn)檠芯拷?jīng)歷太多樣化而不能確定明確的方向。而,這篇PS一開(kāi)始就確定了目標(biāo),這一點(diǎn)非常好。
My name is Yuan, Chen.I grew up in a Nanjing family, where my mother is a senior experimentalist at the Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine of Jiangsu Province.Because of her profession, our daily communication inevitably touched on health-related issues like health care, disease control and prevention.She showed me the importance of public health and its impact on all aspects of human well-being.I was so intrigued by what my mother had devoted her life to that I made up my mind to follow her footprint.My aspirations eventually led me to the School of Public Health at Nanjing Medical University.點(diǎn)評(píng)2:家庭因素在PS寫(xiě)作中永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)重要的切入點(diǎn),這篇PS也不例外。
During my years of college study, I was recognized for my academic performance and awarded with scholarships multiple times.Driven by curiosity and a desire to enrich myself, I have come out top in my undergraduate class for four straight years.Absolutely, college study is not only a matter of getting perfect scores in the class, as I understand.Since my sophomore year, I began to work on research projects at the Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, which consists mainly of graduate students.I detected the effects of pyrethroids(permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate)and their major metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid on rat sperm motility in vitro with a computer-assisted sperm analysis(CASA)system and then published two papers in English.The research work proved to be especially rewarding.It provided an opportunity for me to apply what I had learned in the classroom so that I gained a deeper understanding of it.But it also armed me with strong computer skills and laboratory techniques.The direct impact of public health on our society makes it not only an academic subject, but also a social issue.Instilling a healthy life style concept in the community through promotion of healthy habits is as important as conducting research.Upon this comprehension, I took part in the Red Ribbon Peer Association of my university, an organization which aims to bring HIV/AIDS peer education to the public, and to help find treatment for those in need.AIDS is a very sensitive topic that people are very reluctant to publicly discuss in China, due to the innate conservatism of Chinese culture.Government also avoids talking about it by blaming lack of information.Gradually, the disease has become a forbidden zone full of controversy and misunderstanding in the public eye.People have either not heard about it, or just do not know what to do with it.Some are so scared of it that they do not want to have any physical contact with infected people.Even in the health care industry, many people do not have sufficient knowledge of it, according to our surveys.However, in sharp contrast to the public’s ignorance are the brutal facts that we can no longer turn a blind eye.It is estimated that in China, there are 740,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the number is still climbing rapidly year by year.Each year, nearly half of the new reported cases are under twenty-five.As a group highlighting this sensitive issue in the face of people’s traditional views, we met with much doubts, disbelief and resistance.Many people openly mocked and shunned us.“AIDS is a western disease.How can it appear here?” “I do not want to talk to AIDS patients because I do not want to be infected.” “How is it possible for AIDS to be transmitted between man and man?” “AIDS is an immoral disease, and as long as I do not have sex with people who are immoral, I will be safe.” Faced with such benightedness, we used real stories, persuasive data, and vivid pictures with scientific relevance to help our “students” understand the disease, and we encouraged those concerned with the issue to join our organization.Gradually, people started paying attention and we gained some credibility within some special groups.For one of our events, “Tell the truth”, we invited AIDS experts, patients, and health officials on the same stage, discussing the issue face to face with the pubic.This event gained so much attention after some high profile media reported it that inquiries about our project flooded our mail boxes from all over the country.During this windfall, we received funding support from businesses and government, helping raise our project to a new level.Subsequently, we spent our school breaks and vacations in holding exhibitions, hosting seminars, visiting communities, and conducting surveys.Undoubtedly, fighting against HIV/AIDS is an arduous task and the road is long due to the traits of the virus—its variability and immune suppression.But then, “even a journey of ten thousand miles is started with your first step”, as an old Chinese saying goes, and I volunteer to become even an inch of what builds up this first step.In recent years, China has made some progress on HIV/AIDS prevention and control, but a lack of advanced concepts and expertise poses a bottleneck problem
to major breakthroughs.This is the reason why I turn to developed countries like the United States.I am eager to receive systemic and more advanced training in epidemiology in USA and aspire to future leadership in public health in China.This has led my decision to apply for the Epidemiology M.P.H.program in the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan.Holding the belief that one’s ability is not limited by what he already knows but what he is willing to learn and do, I am ready to become more than just a professional in the field of public health, but in fact a professional leader.全文點(diǎn)評(píng):這篇申請(qǐng)文書(shū),最大的亮點(diǎn)是有明確的專業(yè)方向,整篇文章中不離不棄一直在探討流行病-艾滋防御問(wèn)題。此外,MPH 申請(qǐng)不少學(xué)校比較看重統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)背景,密西根根大學(xué)的MPH專業(yè)也不例外,本篇PS中沒(méi)有提及一些數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方面的背景。從文章中得知,學(xué)生本科為藥學(xué)。據(jù)了解,國(guó)內(nèi)藥學(xué)很多專業(yè)沒(méi)有設(shè)置概率,統(tǒng)計(jì),經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的課程。如果沒(méi)有這些課程背景的話,PS中應(yīng)該稍加一些該方面的內(nèi)容。
計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)個(gè)人陳述中英文范文(PS Sample)
申請(qǐng)專業(yè):計(jì)算機(jī)
在我考慮寫(xiě)這篇PS的時(shí)候我想到了很多,但在我準(zhǔn)備動(dòng)手寫(xiě)的時(shí)候確感覺(jué)無(wú)從入手,并不是想不出什么,而是我覺(jué)得我有太多的話要說(shuō),太多的事情要寫(xiě)了.當(dāng)我即將面臨人生的一個(gè)新的十字路口,我沒(méi)有像別人那樣猶豫不決,繼續(xù)工作,考研,留學(xué),我的目標(biāo)只有一個(gè)-出國(guó)求學(xué)!I thought much before I began to write the PS.However, holding the pen, I suddenly felt wordless because I have too much to say, too much to write.Standing on the crossroad of life, I determined to study abroad without any hesitations.出國(guó)留學(xué)的想法并不是源于我對(duì)國(guó)外生活的向往,而是源于我對(duì)專業(yè)的追求,因?yàn)槲覍?duì)我所學(xué)習(xí)的專業(yè)具有的與眾不同的興趣.我向往著再能夠更加深入的學(xué)習(xí)和掌握信息科學(xué)的內(nèi)涵,體會(huì)她的魅力!憑借著一種懵懂的感性指引將我?guī)нM(jìn)了信息科學(xué)的殿堂,在大學(xué)幾年的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到了當(dāng)前的信息社會(huì),不僅需要一系列方方面面懂得信息技術(shù)的人才,更需要我們對(duì)信息科學(xué)和技術(shù)做更深入的研究,將這個(gè)學(xué)科的技術(shù)應(yīng)用到各個(gè)行業(yè)。而且,信息科學(xué)很明顯是未來(lái)的趨勢(shì),它將顛覆性地 改變?nèi)藗冞^(guò)去曾經(jīng)熟悉的生活方式。在對(duì)這個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,我感到了它的有趣、挑戰(zhàn)、永遠(yuǎn)與最新技術(shù)保持同步,最重要的是讓我覺(jué)得它非常有前景,為了她揮灑自己的青春是值得的。
It was not the desire for the life overseas, but the pursuit of my professional study that aroused my idea to study abroad.I was longing for the further study and embedded understanding of the essence of Information Science, tasting its charm.Pocketing this interest, I came into the department of Beijing Forestry University.Through several years’ study there, I gradually realized that the modern information society needed not only the professional talents in information science, but also the embedded researches in this field in order to use it into every enterprise.Meanwhile, it is certain that the information science is just the developing trend in the future, which could historically change the ever familiar life style.Therefore, in the process of learning, I can taste its interest and challenge, with which I can keep abreast with the latest technology.Furthermore, I think it was valuable for me to contribute my youth into the Information Science, the most prospective enterprise in the future.從我的成績(jī)單上不難看出,在大學(xué)階段,我專業(yè)課程的成績(jī)屬于一般。我并不擅長(zhǎng)考試,更不懂得考試中所謂的技巧,我更看重實(shí)踐操作和社會(huì)的真實(shí)需求.我期望學(xué)到了解到的是能夠代表這個(gè)時(shí)代的知識(shí)和技術(shù).當(dāng)時(shí)我主要通過(guò)閱讀和自學(xué)一些原版的專業(yè)書(shū)籍教程來(lái)獲取最前沿的知識(shí),通過(guò)瀏覽網(wǎng)上的科技動(dòng)態(tài)和專業(yè)論壇來(lái)獲得第一手信息,以及拓寬自己的視野。再就是積極參與知識(shí)的實(shí)際利用和驗(yàn)證。
My ordinary score on my school report will tell you that I am not good at examinations.Those so-called “examination skills” are also strange to me.Instead, I emphasize the practical operations and the real needs of the society, expecting to learn the knowledge and technology that stands at the top of the period.Therefore, I got the latest knowledge mainly by reading large amount of English books and browsing the websites.Besides, I participated in many practical activities, in which I could use what I have learnt into practice.大二的時(shí)候當(dāng)我的同學(xué)還沉浸在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的迷幻世界里的時(shí)候,我利用業(yè)余時(shí)間給一家小公司的網(wǎng)站做兼職的技術(shù)員,。可當(dāng)時(shí)從學(xué)校學(xué)到掌握的知識(shí)很難用于實(shí)際工作,于是我搜集整理了一系列網(wǎng)站維護(hù)方面的專業(yè)資料。后來(lái)通過(guò)自學(xué)我掌握了HTML語(yǔ)言和CSS設(shè)計(jì).從這第一次嘗試的經(jīng)歷我獲得了很多的收獲,但我認(rèn)為最大的收獲就是這個(gè)過(guò)程中我遇到的難題.在制作網(wǎng)站信息板塊的過(guò)程中資料的吻合程度一直無(wú)法解決,我的倔強(qiáng)的性格讓我在困難面前越來(lái)越興奮.我利用所有可以利用的時(shí)間上網(wǎng)查資料,最終通過(guò)細(xì)致的分類和鑒別,將它們有效的整理了出來(lái)。
In my sophomore year, just as other schoolmates were submerging themselves into the fairy world of PC games, I began my part time working experience by working as a technician on the website of a small company.Just at that exciting time, I found that it was very difficult to use the theories I learnt on class into the practical work.Trapped in the gap between the school and society, I collected and summarized much practical professional files from a series of websites and learnt the HTML
language and the CSS design by myself.From the first attempt in the society, I realized that I got much from difficulties rather than smooth work.On designing the information part of the website, I could not find the perfect combination between the files.However, as a hard-nosed boy, I was not defeated by the difficulties, but very excited towards them.By classifying and summarizing the files I found on the websites, I finally solved the problem.通過(guò)我不懈的努力我在專業(yè)技術(shù)水平得到了老師的認(rèn)可,終于通過(guò)一次偶然的機(jī)會(huì)我得到了一個(gè)參與開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目的機(jī)會(huì),并作為技術(shù)骨干協(xié)助老師進(jìn)行l(wèi)inux下iptables的模塊開(kāi)發(fā)。從理論的角度來(lái)看這個(gè)模塊開(kāi)發(fā)可以算做操作系統(tǒng)理論,而我對(duì)編寫(xiě)系統(tǒng)模塊并不是很熟悉,這又是一次挑戰(zhàn).我在一本介紹module programming的書(shū)里找到了關(guān)于編寫(xiě)系統(tǒng)模塊的信息, 憑借我大膽的嘗試,雖然失敗了幾次,但最終成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了項(xiàng)目的最終目標(biāo),順利的完成了!失敗是成功之母,我一直堅(jiān)信這一點(diǎn)!
Taking advantage of my insistent efforts, I was finally kissed by an opportunity to participate in a developing project, in which I worked as a core assistant of my teacher to develop the Iptables module under Linux.From a theoretical point of view, the development of the module could be included in the basic theories of the operating system.However, it was another challenge for me because I was not familiar with the programming of system module.Finally, I found the related knowledge on a book named “Module Programming”.Thanks to my repeated attempts, times of failures, at last, presented me with the final success.Through this practice, I believe firmly that failure is the access to the success.中國(guó)科學(xué)院是引領(lǐng)中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展的先鋒,從小我就渴望著有一天能成為其中的一員!大四的那個(gè)夏天我實(shí)現(xiàn)了我的這個(gè)夢(mèng)想!通過(guò)老師的推薦我協(xié)助中科院自動(dòng)化所的老師們開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)基于生物特征認(rèn)證的接口,雖然只有短短的兩個(gè)星期,但我從中受益匪淺.通過(guò)與實(shí)驗(yàn)室專家教授的溝通, 以及在圖書(shū)館里查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),我將整個(gè)BIOAPI的接口規(guī)范,類和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì),以及對(duì)生物接口的理念進(jìn)行了深入了解。最終利用C++編寫(xiě)除了初步的與該實(shí)驗(yàn)室應(yīng)用上的接口.成功后的喜悅不言而喻.I had a dream when I was just a kid----becoming a member in Chinese Academy of Science, the pioneer of the science and technology in China.My senior year witnessed me to achieve my dream.Under the recommendation of my teacher, I got the opportunity to work with the professors in automation department of CAS on developing the interface based on the biometric authentication technology.Two weeks was a short time, but a harvest time for me.Through the exchange with the experts and professors and looking up large amount of books and related literatures in the library, my understanding on all the specifies BIOAPI interface, the design of the 類 and data
structure and the biometric interfaces had largely deepened.Seeing the final success, the sweetest smile in the world blossomed on my face.我刻苦學(xué)習(xí),認(rèn)真的工作態(tài)度得到了中科院老師的欣賞,當(dāng)我在本科的最后階段我被中科院的老師推薦到他們的軟件所中文信息實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì).我參與的是一個(gè)研究生的課題,中文博客搜索引擎。
My assiduity in study and careful working attitude won the appreciation of the professors in CAS.Therefore, at the last period of my undergraduate study, I was recommended by them to complete my graduation design by participating in a graduate subject of Chinese Blog Search Engine.做為assistant.在這個(gè)過(guò)程中我完成了對(duì)blog數(shù)據(jù)的抓取和存儲(chǔ),采用的有C語(yǔ)言,perl語(yǔ)言,mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。通過(guò)自學(xué)和向師兄請(qǐng)教又學(xué)到了很多的新技術(shù)和知識(shí),最終完成了一個(gè)博客搜索引擎的框架。
As the assistant, I completed the access and storage of the Blog data by using C language and Perl database.With the help of my studying fellows, I finally designed a frame of the Blog Search Engine and learn many new technologies.當(dāng)我完成了大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)后,我接受了新浪網(wǎng)工作的OFFER。在這里我主要負(fù)責(zé)操作系統(tǒng)的批量安裝、軟件包定制以及安全配置,以及線上設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行,各種軟硬件故障的檢測(cè)和恢復(fù)。同時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)各種突發(fā)事件的響應(yīng)與及時(shí)處理。還負(fù)責(zé)將整個(gè)公司數(shù)千臺(tái)服務(wù)器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備等的配置信息進(jìn)行精確維護(hù)。
After graduation, I accepted the offer of working on Sina website, where I was mainly responsible for the batch installation of operating system, tailor of the software package, the safety configuration, the smooth running of the equipments on line, the test and recovery of various hardware failures.Meanwhile, I was in charge of the immediate response and disposal of the accidents and the exact maintenance of thousands of servers in the whole company.在新浪做為系統(tǒng)工程師.在這里做的事情很多.有應(yīng)用程序方面的、操作系統(tǒng)方面的、網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面的,還有各種硬件方面的.采用的技術(shù)和理論也涉及以上各類.平時(shí)遇到的技術(shù)問(wèn)題主要是通過(guò)自己的判斷思考和實(shí)踐,結(jié)合其他專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)以及自己所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí)加以解決。
As a system engineer in Sina website, there are a lot of things to do in the application process, operating system and network as well as in the hardware.We generally solve the problems by our own practical experience combining with the related professional literatures and the knowledge we have learnt.幾年的工作經(jīng)歷給我最大的感受就是我清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的不足,我現(xiàn)在的水平舉例我的目標(biāo)-成為專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專家,相距甚遠(yuǎn).我不能在坐在自己的成績(jī)上幻想了,我要超越我自己,在技術(shù)方面我有著太多的缺陷需要彌補(bǔ),我相信我現(xiàn)在需要深入細(xì)致的學(xué)習(xí)研究和找到一個(gè)良好的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍。
Years of working experience made me realized clearly that it has still a long way to go to achieve my dream---becoming an expert in this field.I have to step out of the “flowers” coating me now for my achievements to the further study for the next station on the way of life.Therefore, I need a nutritious academic atmosphere.好奇心是學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)的必要條件,我具備這一條件。其次是善于鉆研,善于自學(xué),動(dòng)手能力強(qiáng)。這些在我上學(xué)過(guò)程中和工作以后更是得到了充分的鍛煉。我相信幾年后當(dāng)我站在下一個(gè)人生的十字路口的時(shí)候我將更自信.我對(duì)未來(lái)充滿了期待!
It was my curiosity that pushed me onto the road of learning new technologies and it was my strong learning ability and capability that presented me with the current achievement.I believe that standing at the cross road of life after a few years further study, I will be more confident and stronger expectative for my future.加了一個(gè)更吸引人的開(kāi)頭.你不需要簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述簡(jiǎn)歷上的東西,比如I major in XXX in XXXuniversity.去掉了高中就感興趣...,原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明為什么,改文第一段已說(shuō)明.去掉了GPA,這個(gè)GPA已經(jīng)不錯(cuò)了,而且在簡(jiǎn)歷里也有。個(gè)人覺(jué)得沒(méi)有必要解釋什么。如果想強(qiáng)調(diào)GPA的高,還缺少證據(jù)。其實(shí),PS最好是一個(gè)研究型的,完全沒(méi)有必要把GPA, IBT, GRE等寫(xiě)進(jìn)PS.對(duì)接下去兩段,對(duì)研究不大懂。稍微調(diào)整了一下語(yǔ)句,基本沒(méi)有改。對(duì)社會(huì)活動(dòng)什么的,個(gè)人覺(jué)得在簡(jiǎn)歷里出現(xiàn)就可以了。
結(jié)尾,由于是交換生,沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明為什么要選那個(gè)學(xué)校,交換嘛,美的選。總體是更加簡(jiǎn)潔,更加“研究型”“學(xué)術(shù)型” Universityoffer.net 修改后PS:
Not far from my university, Lake XXX, which has been famous for thousands of years as the most beautiful lake in China, is facing the problem of eutrophication.A hundred kilometres north at the boarder of XXX Province, Lake XXX, the XXX largest in China, is experiencing the outbreak of blue algae.These are just two scenes that depict the deteriorated clash between economic and environmental concerns I witnessed over the last decade in China, which attracted me to the environmental engineering program in ChinaUniversity University and attracts me to the exchange program in environmental microbiology in USAUniversity.In ChinaUniversity University, I’ve built a strong background in biological science which helps me to understand the sewage biological treatment technology and biodegradation.In the Biochemistry course, I learned about the metabolism of sugar, protein, and fat acid, especially the ways of sugar degradation which are known as tricarboxylic acid circle, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, and hexose biphosphate glycolysis.In the Environmental Biology course, I learned about the microbiology degradation and bioremediation of certain organic pollutants.I also understood the biogeochemical cycle which plays an important role in learing management and use of water resource.Extensive experimental and practical skills are also valuable assets I obtained during my undergraduate study.In an open microbiology experiment design project, my group designed an experiment on luminescent bacteria toxicity.We tested toxicity of landfill leachate of the whole processing flow in regulating tank and sedimentation tank.In the 4th student research training program of ChinaUniversity University, I worked on a project in the determination of seasonal variation of detection of disinfection by-products in drinking water.During the training, we have applied headspace capillary gas chromatography to determine the trace DBPs(Disinfection By-products), especially the THMs.For the research of the variation of DBPs through time and space scales, we determined the sampling interval and regional distribution.In addition, we detected the DBPs in local beverages.The research training improved my expertise in experiment designing, literature reviewing and device operating.During my intern in the Environmental Monitoring Station of Hangzhou City.I used XXX技術(shù) to XXX目的.This experience enhanced my comprehension of my major and improved my team-work ability and communication skills.With my solid academic background in environmental engineering, I am ready to take a further step to enrol in graduate study.I am most interested in the field of biodegradation of contaminants in water and soils.In USAUniversity, I would be able to take courses that improve my expertise in this field, such as Water and Waste Treatment Plant Design.I would also be able to involve in advanced research carried out in USAUniversity.The graduate study in USAUniversity would improve my ability in practical problem solving and would be a key step in my professional career.Civil Engineering personal statement
In a world that is continually growing and evolving and problems such as global warming and population growth becoming ever more real, the need for innovation and fresh ideas from the engineering world becomes increasingly evident.It is this that attracts me to civil engineering as a career because although I am aware of the many pressures and demands I would be facing, the sense of achievement and the knowledge that I would be making a difference to the lives of others would be of great personal reward to me!
My fascination for engineering started when I was young, and has only increased since then.I enjoyed playing video and computer games that required planning and strategy.I watched a€?Extreme Engineeringa€? when it first aired on the Discovery channel and today I have seen every episode up to season five and am waiting to see the sixth season.I have a game called a€?West Point Bridge designera€? that has taught me about the different properties of each type of bridge and allows me to experiment with different bridge designs as well as using different materials in the most cost effective way possible.Unfortunately for my parents, this fascination extended into reverse engineering as well and ranged from my toys as a child to unused household items and broken cars and motorcycles as an adolescent.This interest was then nurtured during my schooling and college years-at school learning about the history of art and how the smallest engineering discoveries led to the biggest architectural breakthroughs, for instance the impact that the arch, concrete and the dome had on Ancient Roman and proceeding architecture.In college I thoroughly enjoyed mathematics and physics particularly in the applied sections, and although my grades do not reflect this, a big portion of my gap year has already been spent on preparation towards of their improvement.As well as a lot of revision, my gap year so far has been a wealth of new experiences and challenges from things as silly as learning to juggle and ride a unicycle to teaching myself to play the keyboard and getting my motorcycle license.I also had a job as a general labourer working under the site manager on a building site where I worked alongside the tradesmen and occasionally the architect, thereby gaining valuable experience in keeping to the strict requirements of working to time schedules and regulations, planning, problem solving and keeping quality of work up and expenses down.Previous to that I worked at my local supermarket as a general assistant and was eventually promoted to a team leader.I was responsible for liaising with my managers and keeping them up to date with what was happening around the store and making sure my staff knew what was expected of them throughout their shifts as well as doing my own work around the store.This taught me how to deal with people in a variety of situations in a polite and professional manner while also greatly improving my communicational and social skills.Being born and raised in South Africa and having made the transition and adaptation to English culture and way of life with ease, I have no doubt I would adapt in much the same way to university life.Also I think it is important that I have witnessed the differences in infrastructure between developed and third world countries and their respective effects on the surrounding populations and feel I could use this knowledge to my advantage.I am a very active person and sport has always been a big part of my life.In high school I captained my cricket and rugby teams and was part of the swimming, tennis and athletics teams and represented my home province in cricket, athletics and surfing.Living over here I am a member of the local
cricket and rugby club;I take part in the occasional darts and pool tournaments and am a regular at the local health centre.All of this means I have a lot of experience in performing under pressure, pushing myself and working well as a team.By the end of my gap year I hope to have: fulfilled my travelling plans where I hope to go backpacking in Asia as I think it will be an awe-inspiring and eye opening experience;have learnt many more new skills and gained more relevant work experience;and hopefully begin a journey into becoming a part of the great and prolific industry of ingenuity and creativity that is the world of engineering.By the end of my gap year I hope to have: fulfilled my travelling plans where I hope to go backpacking in Asia as I think it will be an awe-inspiring and eye opening experience;have learnt many more new skills and gained more relevant work experience;and hopefully begin a journey into becoming a part of the great and prolific industry of ingenuity and creativity that is the world of engineering.“The Foolish Old Man Removing a Mountain” is an allegory known to virtually every Chinese.The story tells that in ancient times there was an old foolish man by the name of Yu Gong who was determined to remove the WangWu Mountain, a mountain that blocked him and his family from having access to the outside world, in an attempt to carve out a road leading to the outside world and hence create conditions for his posterity to achieve economic prosperity.The project was a Herculean task and, to make the matter worse, the old man was rather advanced in age.His neighbors all came to dissuade him from the endeavor.But the old man’s answer was that if he should die, his children and grandchildren could succeed him.The day would come when the mountain could be removed ultimately.Inconceivable as they are, modern versions of this allegory occur in the frequently impoverished mountain areas in present-day China.The mountain folks resort to primitive manual labor(hence inevitably involving casualties)and simple tools and usually spend many years, even more than a decade, to open up routes inch by inch in order to have access to the market outside the deep mountains to sell their farm produce, so that their descendants will no longer be confined to the kind of isolated and economically unprivileged life that they are living.As a student with a Master’s degree in Road & Railway Engineering, I can never maintain a tranquil state of mind whenever I read of stories of this kind.I tell myself that I have the obligation and responsibility to help halt this dire reality.For this reason, I am determined to seek a Ph.D.program in Communication & Transportation at your esteemed university, a program that will enable me to reward my country with my knowledge of the advanced transportation engineering technology in the world.Of course, I am soberly aware that to be accepted into your highly-respected program I will inevitably be faced with fierce competitions.Nevertheless, my sound academic background, rich work experience and the ability to undertake independent academic research all testify to my qualifications as a worthy candidate for your program.My choice for Industrial and Civil Airport Construction and Highway Airport Construction and Highway during my undergraduate program at the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, XX University, seemed to have derived from my family tradition.My father has long been a construction engineer and my interest in civil engineering grew as I saw my father working on construction plans and drawings and picking up bits and pieces of civil engineering knowledge.My academic performance at XX University, which is a key university in the country, has been consistently characterized by top ranking, receiving Student of Excellence award for four consecutive years.My solid and comprehensive academic foundation and outstanding performance came to the attention of the renowned airport construction expert Prof.XXX, under whose direction I undertook my graduation project Design of an Airport Runway.In this project, I completed the overall design of a civil airport together with the airport’s roadnet.The roadnet design fully met the relevant national standards and the overall airport layout was rationally designed, leading to unanimously positive evaluation by the reviewing panel.My undergraduate program was immediately followed by a postgraduate program at XX University, into which I was enrolled in my capacity as the top performer in the entrance examination.On a fiercer lever of competition, I doubled my academic efforts and managed to be among the top five in my class, winning “Class-A”
scholarships.My active involvement in research also bore fruits.I published several research papers, including XX, in such central natural science journals as XX and XX.Entitled Study of the Low-Noise Mechanism of the Asphalt Pavement, my Master’s thesis focused on those issues: the mechanism of noise production of tyres, the parameters affecting the tyre’s noise, the noise-absorbing mechanism of asphalt pavement and the pavement configuration parameters affecting the low-noise asphalt pavement.The thesis offered in-depth analysis of the effective voidage of the asphalt pavement and the pavement thickness as major factors in reducing the noise production.The new subject as well as the unique perspectives of my thesis won positive comments from the reviewing panel who rated my work as “significant for the subsequent research on low-noise asphalt pavement”.My distinguished academic performance and research potential led to my employment with XX Province Expressway Co., Ltd.which made me responsible for the construction and management of the XX Expressway, a key national project.As a major technical specialist, I was in overall charge of drafting relevant tender documents of pavement,participating in the construction of the roadbed, bridge, and pavement, organizing the spot check of the raw materials for the asphalt pavement, holding meeting to discuss technical details of the asphalt pavement, launching technical trainings and field inspections, implementing the Superpave projects.The accumulation of rich and comprehensive experience in construction and management, and the problem-solving skills, and the ability to work effectively and efficiently, both independently and in teams, are the three most important results I have achieved.Over the past four years, I have been given the “Model Employee” honor in my work performance evaluation.An equally important component of my employment is my independent research work.Two more papers, Construction Craft and Quality Control of SMA and Application of Superpave in XX Kaiyang Expressway were published in XX(national core journal of highway transportation).Some experts believe my papers offer detailed elaboration on highway SMA and Superpave pavement, providing important reference for the construction of other expressway projects.While feeling proud for engaging in national-level projects, I have also gained an insider’s knowledge of China’s underdeveloped conditions of civil engineering in road and highway construction.The areas of study that I will focus in my proposed Ph.D.program are closely connected with those conditions—the methods of designing
asphalt mixture, predictive evaluation of asphalt pavement performance, quality control of asphalt pavement construction, and the regeneration technology of old asphalt pavement.I expect that through your program I will be extensively exposed to the latest theoretical and technical developments in the world academia and take up fruitful research.If your highly selective program accepts applicants with sound academic performance, rich work experience and promising research potential, I can assert, without any shame of arrogance, that I am exactly the candidate you are looking for.Civil engineering personal statement
I have always enjoyed and achieved highly in science and maths.I also appreciate problem solving and the feeling of achievement associated with the practical use of design and technology, which I studied to GCSE level.Throughout the course I worked with materials including plastics, woods, and metals and designed and built various items including a table lamp and a propagator for germinating seeds.I have been involved in various projects with my father, including erecting a pergola, a wooden shed and building a large brick shed at the bottom of the garden.I also constructed a wooden chicken coop to my own design.These projects have given
me an insight into dealing with building regulations and the need for planning, design and accurate measurement.I have gained experience in the use of building materials, taking both cost and physical properties into account.Studying civil engineering at university will provide me the opportunity to further study the areas of science, maths, design and technology that I enjoy, as well as to gain many other skills.Studying civil engineering will offer me a wide range of challenging and fulfilling career opportunities.I would like to apply for the foundation year, which after completion, will allow me to progress onto the civil engineering course.I am particularly interested in how civil engineering skills can be applied with maximum benefit to society whilst having minimum impact on the environment.I did two weeks work experience with a consultant paediatrician in-------Hospital in----------during the Easter holidays of 2008.I also did two weeks work experience with a general dental practitioner in----------------.Both of these experiences showed me the importance of communication skills, leadership and teamwork in the smooth running of an organisation.After further consideration, I realised that I would not be happy in the healthcare profession and instead was drawn more towards civil engineering, which I feel is closer to my interests.During the last two years, I have participated in the schoola€?s community action group, which involved weekly visits to a retirement home in--------to organise a coffee morning for the elderly residents.We served tea and biscuits and provided company to those who attended.During the schoola€?s activities week in June I helped out in classes at the-------School for children with special educational needs.Outside school, I did voluntary work at St.Annea€?s Hospice charity shop on Saturday mornings.I have also received a certificate from Millennium Volunteers for completing 117 hours of voluntary work.In school I am a silver prefect and am involved in the running of the------society.I enjoy languages and am learning-------in my spare time.I attended a one month intensive------course in the summer holidays at the-----centre in-------.I have attended a twenty hour weekend course by I to I on teaching English as a foreign language arranged by my school.I am a keen gardener with an interest in permaculture.I grow fruit and vegetables in our back garden and also keep several hens.This has made us self sufficient in eggs and Jerusalem artichokes and gives a good crop of strawberries in the summer.
第四篇:PS寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)
個(gè)人陳述的寫(xiě)法
PS即Personal Statement(個(gè)人陳述,也叫自薦信),寫(xiě)PS的作用是幫助學(xué)校進(jìn)一步了解學(xué)生是否適合本學(xué)校、本專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)。國(guó)外大學(xué)挑選學(xué)生,主要本著兩方面的考慮:學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)和個(gè)人能力。學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)就是學(xué)生在申請(qǐng)學(xué)校時(shí)提交的一系列以數(shù)據(jù)為表現(xiàn)形式的成績(jī)單,而個(gè)人能力主要通過(guò)個(gè)人陳述和推薦信體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。如果說(shuō)成績(jī)單是一次筆試,那么個(gè)人陳述就是一次面試,兩者相結(jié)合才能跨過(guò)名校的門(mén)檻。
在申請(qǐng)國(guó)外名校時(shí),申請(qǐng)者普遍具備較高的學(xué)術(shù)水準(zhǔn),其中不乏眾多全A的學(xué)生,單憑成績(jī)單可能無(wú)法進(jìn)行選拔和區(qū)分,這時(shí)一篇出色的個(gè)人陳述就起到了至關(guān)重要的作用,它能幫助學(xué)生從眾多的申請(qǐng)者中脫穎而出。在某些情況下,即使學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)不算出色的學(xué)生,如果能在個(gè)人陳述寫(xiě)作中展現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)內(nèi)容得到校方老師的青睞,也將會(huì)獲得破格錄取的機(jī)會(huì)。因?yàn)樾7嚼蠋煾敢膺x擇有潛力的學(xué)生進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),而這些通過(guò)成績(jī)單是體現(xiàn)不出來(lái)的。
再者,英國(guó)的大學(xué)可憑借預(yù)估成績(jī)申請(qǐng),對(duì)于沒(méi)有完整成績(jī)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)人陳述和推薦信就是唯一評(píng)定學(xué)生學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)和個(gè)人能力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因此寫(xiě)作中不能有半點(diǎn)馬虎。
對(duì)于個(gè)人陳述的要求,每個(gè)學(xué)校的評(píng)審委員會(huì),給出的要求也略有不同,但大體的要求,總是相同的“申請(qǐng)人易犯的最大錯(cuò)誤就是將個(gè)人陳述寫(xiě)成一部史詩(shī)或過(guò)于光輝的人生歷程。申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)盡可能選擇充分介紹,反映自己的一兩個(gè)主題,論述觀點(diǎn)要明確,要點(diǎn)要突出。“個(gè)人陳述”的主題還應(yīng)該肯定自己的長(zhǎng)處和優(yōu)點(diǎn),體現(xiàn)申請(qǐng)人的與眾不同。如果不斷解釋自己的缺憾和弱點(diǎn),則為不智之舉。”-Andy Comblatt, Assistant Dean of Admission, Georgetown University
“由于許多申請(qǐng)人不能與我們面談,所以他們覺(jué)得十分沮喪…但通過(guò)個(gè)人陳述完全可以彌補(bǔ),所以應(yīng)該好好把握這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),不要擔(dān)心通過(guò)個(gè)人陳述向我們表露你真實(shí)的一面。千萬(wàn)不要在我們之間樹(shù)立一道屏障。所以我們稱之為個(gè)人陳述,而不是一般的陳述。你越坦率,我們就了解的越多,在這方面你是否做得夠好呢?我推薦一個(gè)小測(cè)驗(yàn)。在寫(xiě)完陳述后你可以把它拿給自己的好友看,問(wèn)他們,如果你從未遇到過(guò)我,讀了這篇個(gè)人陳述后是否感覺(jué)對(duì)我的了解十分全面了呢?我們想找的不是一個(gè)僅僅學(xué)習(xí)很好的人,而是一個(gè)有趣的申請(qǐng)者,他可以通過(guò)其與眾不同的生活體驗(yàn)為我們的討論帶來(lái)新的視角,并為這專業(yè)做出貢獻(xiàn)。在評(píng)審過(guò)程中,每個(gè)委員只會(huì)審閱眾多申請(qǐng)中的一小部分。在現(xiàn)行制度下,申請(qǐng)材料會(huì)被一個(gè)教授和兩個(gè)錄取委員會(huì)成員審閱。這兩個(gè)委員中有一個(gè)將審閱所有的申請(qǐng)者的材料以便對(duì)整體的申請(qǐng)狀況有一個(gè)大概的了解,這樣我們可以做出更準(zhǔn)確的判斷。”-Director of Admission, University of Texas at Austin, Director of Admission
很多時(shí)候,學(xué)生對(duì)于如何寫(xiě)作個(gè)人陳述沒(méi)有半點(diǎn)頭緒,我們可以吧個(gè)人陳述的寫(xiě)作,分為以下幾個(gè)步驟,這樣的話就可以把一個(gè)繁瑣的寫(xiě)作工作就變成了幾個(gè)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)略的步驟
搜集想法,內(nèi)容把握
在寫(xiě)個(gè)人陳述之前,認(rèn)真而全面地審視自己,可以問(wèn)自己以下問(wèn)題:? 你是誰(shuí)?你是一個(gè)怎么樣的人?
? 你有什么樣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)?哪些優(yōu)點(diǎn)你認(rèn)為對(duì)申請(qǐng)有利
? 你最有成就感的一件事?
你經(jīng)歷最大的挫折是什么?如何度過(guò)的?有什么感想或收獲?
? 你的老師是怎么樣評(píng)價(jià)你的?朋友怎么樣評(píng)價(jià)你的?家長(zhǎng)怎么樣評(píng)價(jià)你的? ? 對(duì)所要申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校和專業(yè)是否有了深入細(xì)致的了解,能做到在寫(xiě)個(gè)人陳述時(shí)
緊扣學(xué)校和專業(yè)的要求及特點(diǎn),突出自己申請(qǐng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)?
? 我的人生經(jīng)歷中有什么獨(dú)特的、非同尋常的地方?在我的家庭生活和社會(huì)生
活中有哪些人或事件影響了我的人生觀和事業(yè)追求?這些影響有什么與眾不同的地方?
? 我最初是如何對(duì)目前所選專業(yè)感興趣的?我在其后的歲月中又是如何加深
了對(duì)這一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的認(rèn)識(shí)?我在這一領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)取得了什么樣的成績(jī)?是什么因素使我自信,能夠在這一領(lǐng)域有所建樹(shù)?
? 在上學(xué)期間我從事了那些社會(huì)實(shí)踐、暑期工作?通過(guò)這些活動(dòng)在什么方面得
到了提高(比如組織能力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力等)?取得了哪些成就,表現(xiàn)出何等才干?
? 我的最終的事業(yè)目標(biāo)是什么?
? 在我多年來(lái)的考試成績(jī)上有沒(méi)有需要解釋的地方?比方說(shuō)我大學(xué)成績(jī)一直
很優(yōu)異,但 TOEFL或IELTS成績(jī)卻不怎么理想;我高年級(jí)的成績(jī)是否比低年級(jí)的成績(jī)有顯著的提高?
? 在自我?jiàn)^斗的過(guò)程中是否需要克服超常的困難,如家庭生活貧困、身體殘疾
等等?
? 是否具備杰出的品格,比如誠(chéng)實(shí),可靠、善良、刻苦等等,而我能否提供真
憑實(shí)據(jù)來(lái)加以證明?我是否具備值得一提的很好的特別的工作習(xí)慣和態(tài)度以及稟性上的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
? 我具備什么樣的特殊才能,如分析能力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能和交流才能?我為什么比
別的申請(qǐng)者更具有在事業(yè)上成功的把握?
精簡(jiǎn)想法,搜索細(xì)節(jié)
通過(guò)以上方法,相信很多內(nèi)容會(huì)在你腦海中出現(xiàn),比如目標(biāo),重要經(jīng)歷,個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)等等,我們要把大量想法精簡(jiǎn),找出最能表現(xiàn)你自己的。你必須找出一個(gè)主題,這個(gè)主題不僅得將你的個(gè)性特征與經(jīng)歷完美融合形成一個(gè)連貫整體,還要表達(dá)你對(duì)進(jìn)入這所學(xué)校的強(qiáng)烈愿望,把主題確定下來(lái)以后,你要仔細(xì)搜索關(guān)于這些主題的細(xì)節(jié)。這些細(xì)節(jié)要有力支撐你的主題。只有細(xì)節(jié)撐腰,事實(shí)做主,寫(xiě)出來(lái)的東西才有真實(shí)性,才能打動(dòng)人。
創(chuàng)建結(jié)構(gòu),提煉大綱
對(duì)內(nèi)容有了把握后,就是要注意寫(xiě)作技巧了。這里說(shuō)的寫(xiě)作技巧不是英語(yǔ)水平的問(wèn)題,而是寫(xiě)作的思路、取材和段落的安排。對(duì)于學(xué)校的評(píng)審委員會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō),他們需要通過(guò)申請(qǐng)者的個(gè)人陳述全面去了解申請(qǐng)者,因此,他們希望可以再你的個(gè)人陳述中看到以下內(nèi)容:
1、Insight Into Your Character(洞察你的個(gè)性特征)
2、Sincerity(真實(shí))
3、Background and Motivation(綜合背景和學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī))
4、Target(目標(biāo))
5、Attributes of the Program(專業(yè)特征)
6、Writing Ability(寫(xiě)作能力)
所以,寫(xiě)自述的最大忌諱就是寫(xiě)得毫無(wú)特色、枯燥乏味。要知道每一個(gè)錄取評(píng)審委員需要閱讀成百上千份自述,其中大多數(shù)的自述的內(nèi)容都是雷同的,他們不可能有時(shí)間、精力和氣力在平淡中尋找不尋常,努力發(fā)掘你的優(yōu)秀之處。要寫(xiě)得醒目,抓住審核者的注意力,所以在寫(xiě)作個(gè)人陳述的時(shí)候,就要根據(jù)評(píng)審委員會(huì)的要求,去完成一篇獨(dú)特的,有個(gè)人特色的個(gè)人陳述。一般說(shuō)來(lái),個(gè)人陳述可以分為以下幾大部分:
1.精辟的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白--篇成功的個(gè)人自述應(yīng)有一段精彩的開(kāi)端,這可以是申請(qǐng)人
對(duì)專業(yè)的,對(duì)個(gè)人情況的感想和評(píng)述,但應(yīng)注意與所申請(qǐng)的課程和專業(yè)相關(guān)。開(kāi)頭方式有三種:
? 第一種為傳統(tǒng)式開(kāi)頭,也就是英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中最常見(jiàn)的開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山式,適合所
有的申請(qǐng)者。例:Thank you for taking time to read my letter.According to my great intelligence and interest in Mathematics and Science, I intend to choose Actuarial Science as my major from your esteemed university.? 第二種為靈活式開(kāi)頭,以比較隨意的形式引出主題,表達(dá)想學(xué)習(xí)此專業(yè)的強(qiáng)烈愿望。例:The first time I used a computer was in 1996, when I was 5 years old, under the guidance of my father.Today, 13 years later, I decide to pursue my further study in Computer Science, in order to make my dream come true.That was how I come to the plan to study oversea.? 第三種為新穎式開(kāi)頭,也可以叫引導(dǎo)式開(kāi)頭,就是開(kāi)頭段先提出一個(gè)問(wèn)
題或者講一個(gè)小故事,從中引伸出解決方案并與其所選擇的專業(yè)相聯(lián)系。例:I came to know the Monty Hall Problem in a game.A player was given the choice of three doors.Before the selected door being opened, the host, who knows what‘s behind the doors, opened one of the remaining doors and asked to the player whether he want to switch his choice.The question is will it increase the probability of winning the game? At that time, the problem puzzled me a lot and finally I realized that we could not access to answers in single perspective and decide directly.It is the Mathematics’
beauty and the logic characteristic that lures me deeply.2.對(duì)對(duì)該專業(yè)的熱愛(ài)和理解-解釋你為什么對(duì)這個(gè)專業(yè)感興趣,并闡述你對(duì)這
個(gè)專業(yè)的了解程度及其相關(guān)內(nèi)容。這是PS的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,尤其是申請(qǐng)LSE(倫敦政經(jīng))的學(xué)生要重點(diǎn)寫(xiě)好這一章節(jié)。申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)用大量筆墨強(qiáng)調(diào)自身對(duì)所申請(qǐng)專業(yè)的了解和基礎(chǔ),實(shí)例和實(shí)力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)勝過(guò)無(wú)關(guān)痛癢的感想和評(píng)述。
3.對(duì)教育背景的介紹-申請(qǐng)人應(yīng)用敘述的筆法,將個(gè)人的教育背景勾勒出來(lái),學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)是學(xué)校錄取學(xué)生的主要參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中建議從兩方面入手:過(guò)程和結(jié)果。過(guò)程就是學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)方式等,結(jié)果就是取得的成績(jī),最好能列舉在學(xué)業(yè)方面的獲獎(jiǎng)如競(jìng)賽成績(jī)、獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金等。重點(diǎn)提及與所申請(qǐng)專業(yè)相關(guān)的科目成績(jī)和英語(yǔ)成績(jī),并強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的重點(diǎn)部分,并應(yīng)避免枯燥和對(duì)個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)制。
4.對(duì)課外活動(dòng)的介紹。課余愛(ài)好最好能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的性格和品質(zhì),不要單獨(dú)列
舉這些性格和品質(zhì),一定要配合相關(guān)事例來(lái)論述,否則只是空話。社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)最好能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的組織能力、交流能力、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作能力、應(yīng)變能力、獨(dú)立思考能力等。比較普遍的例子是學(xué)生會(huì)活動(dòng)、志愿者活動(dòng)、募捐義賣活動(dòng)等,新穎點(diǎn)的如游學(xué)經(jīng)歷、社會(huì)調(diào)查、參加公益組織等。
5.對(duì)未來(lái)的預(yù)期和計(jì)劃。
個(gè)人陳述的開(kāi)頭至為重要。一篇好的個(gè)人出書(shū)必須能夠引起讀者對(duì)你的興趣,并且能夠得到關(guān)于你個(gè)人的最重要的信息。如果你的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白的內(nèi)容中有閃光之處,擁有與眾不同的“獨(dú)特性”,能夠給人留下不可磨滅的印象,那就達(dá)到了最佳效果。除此之外,結(jié)尾部分也很重要,材料審核者今天心情不好,可能不看你中間部分的內(nèi)容,但肯定也會(huì)看你開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾部分,所以一個(gè)好文章,不僅要有吸引人的開(kāi)頭,也要一個(gè)給人留下印象深刻的結(jié)尾。
初稿及修改
最后需要注意的是,寫(xiě)自述絕對(duì)不能一蹴而就,寫(xiě)好后需反復(fù)修改,清除多余的部分,增加與針對(duì)申請(qǐng)學(xué)校和專業(yè)相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容,密切注意句與句之間,段落之間,及整篇文章意思的邏輯聯(lián)系。可多方聽(tīng)聽(tīng)他人的意見(jiàn)。務(wù)必做到文章中不存在任何文法,語(yǔ)法或拼寫(xiě)上的錯(cuò)誤。這種疏忽看似無(wú)關(guān)緊要,實(shí)際上它們有時(shí)恰恰能出乎意料地破壞你力圖在評(píng)審人心目中樹(shù)立的形象。很難想象,繁忙的教授在連著數(shù)次看到簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)法或拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤后,還會(huì)相信你是文中所說(shuō)的一個(gè)認(rèn)真的精益求精的人。寫(xiě)作中
需要注意的問(wèn)題
? PS不是自傳 很多學(xué)生把PS寫(xiě)成自傳或流水賬,這是不對(duì)的。在起草時(shí),可
以按照時(shí)間順序羅列一下主要內(nèi)容,但最終要按照PS所要求的模式——以內(nèi)容為段落標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而不是以時(shí)間為段落標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
? 寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格 這里說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言主要是指寫(xiě)作的風(fēng)格,很多學(xué)生把PS寫(xiě)成抒情文或
散文,這也是不對(duì)的。在PS中可以抒發(fā)一些感情,但不要太多,因?yàn)樽罱K
目的是要推薦你自己,推薦的意義就是要用論據(jù)做支撐,只要把你的觀點(diǎn)、意思表述清楚就可以。切勿用一些抽象的句子和詞匯。
? 關(guān)于文法的問(wèn)題 寫(xiě)作水平因人而異,所以我建議學(xué)生一定要選擇適合自己的寫(xiě)作方式,不要一味的追求復(fù)合句的表達(dá)形式,簡(jiǎn)單句一樣可以寫(xiě)出好文章。另外選詞方面也最好用自己熟悉的詞匯,對(duì)于有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的閱讀者,寫(xiě)作者的水平是顯而易見(jiàn)的,可以一眼看出哪些詞匯和句子是超出自己能力范圍的。語(yǔ)法方面不要出硬傷,要以表述清楚為前提。
? 家庭背景 很多學(xué)生都寫(xiě)自己的家庭背景,家庭背景可以提及,但不要大篇
幅描寫(xiě)。因?yàn)樾7娇粗氐牟皇悄愕募彝ケ尘埃悄銖闹惺艿皆鯓拥难眨茨愕母改笌Ыo你怎樣的影響。如果寫(xiě)的話,建議與所選專業(yè)相聯(lián)系。? 國(guó)家選擇 很多學(xué)生單獨(dú)立段甚至大篇幅的寫(xiě)為什么想去英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí),其實(shí)國(guó)
家的選擇不作為PS的要求,可以不提或者一句話帶過(guò),無(wú)非就是高質(zhì)量的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。對(duì)于學(xué)校的選擇也是一樣,側(cè)重點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)放在專業(yè)的選擇上。? 內(nèi)容有亮點(diǎn) 一篇好的PS一定要以好的內(nèi)容為支持,建議多想一些有亮點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容,因?yàn)橥ǔG闆r下,校方審閱者只會(huì)花5分鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)看一個(gè)學(xué)生的申請(qǐng)材料,看一篇PS的時(shí)間不會(huì)超過(guò)3分鐘,再華麗的語(yǔ)言如果沒(méi)有好的內(nèi)容來(lái)支撐,也會(huì)讓人過(guò)目就忘的。
? 數(shù)據(jù)和事例 學(xué)校喜歡看到你用數(shù)據(jù)和事例來(lái)論證你所表述的內(nèi)容,所以最
好列舉你的成績(jī)、證書(shū)、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)(標(biāo)明時(shí)間),還要對(duì)應(yīng)相應(yīng)的解釋,尤其是你通過(guò)這些經(jīng)歷得到了哪些鍛煉和收獲。
? 職業(yè)規(guī)劃和未來(lái)憧憬 學(xué)校更想看到的是你做了什么,而不是你想要做什么。
所以重點(diǎn)寫(xiě)你收獲的東西,對(duì)于職業(yè)規(guī)劃和未來(lái)憧憬,可以寫(xiě),但不要寫(xiě)太多,一兩句足夠。
? 強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)節(jié) 英文的寫(xiě)作方式和中文的寫(xiě)作方式一個(gè)很大的不同就是,英文寫(xiě)
作從小處入手,而中文寫(xiě)作往往都是從大處入手,這也是中國(guó)學(xué)生在寫(xiě)PS時(shí)經(jīng)常容易忽視的地方,很多語(yǔ)言大而空洞,不喜歡用事例。細(xì)節(jié)是內(nèi)容的一部分,是你從眾多申請(qǐng)者中脫穎而出的法寶,舉例子是克服這一問(wèn)題的有效方法,但同時(shí)也要注意不要啰嗦、不要寫(xiě)廢話。
? 建議PS的寫(xiě)作中不要顯示出太強(qiáng)的功利性,比如將來(lái)要開(kāi)公司、成為第二
個(gè)比爾蓋茨或巴菲特,畢竟學(xué)校培養(yǎng)你的主要目的是將來(lái)能夠服務(wù)于社會(huì)。? 對(duì)于申請(qǐng)兩個(gè)專業(yè)以上的特別說(shuō)明
對(duì)于申請(qǐng)兩個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)生,你需要解釋一下為什么你同時(shí)對(duì)這兩個(gè)專業(yè)感興趣,并且它們之間有什么樣的聯(lián)系。比如你同時(shí)申請(qǐng)法律和社會(huì)工作專業(yè),你可以說(shuō)你的職業(yè)規(guī)劃是,將來(lái)可以運(yùn)用所學(xué)的法律知識(shí)服務(wù)于弱勢(shì)群體。再如數(shù)學(xué)和會(huì)計(jì)都需要有較強(qiáng)的數(shù)字分析能力。申請(qǐng)政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑。等等。不提倡學(xué)生同時(shí)申請(qǐng)三個(gè)以上專業(yè)。因?yàn)镻S只能有一篇,三個(gè)專業(yè)一方面降低了專業(yè)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性,另一方面由于字?jǐn)?shù)的限制,也降低了每個(gè)專業(yè)錄取你的可能性。如果申請(qǐng)了三個(gè)專業(yè),就會(huì)有三個(gè)專業(yè)項(xiàng)下的評(píng)審老師分別閱讀你的PS,而他們只會(huì)去看與之專業(yè)相關(guān)的內(nèi)
容,這樣不僅使平均質(zhì)量下降,還會(huì)給人以目標(biāo)不明確、搖擺不定的印象,最好確定一個(gè)方向。
? 對(duì)于申請(qǐng)金融、會(huì)計(jì)等經(jīng)濟(jì)類專業(yè)的特別說(shuō)明
PS中要寫(xiě)你對(duì)這個(gè)專業(yè)、這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的了解,有的學(xué)生寫(xiě)的面很多,例如國(guó)家的宏觀調(diào)控、貨幣政策、物價(jià)指數(shù)等,如果沒(méi)有深入了解的話,這些很容易變成空話,給人不切實(shí)際的感覺(jué),我建議從微觀入手,從日常生活中寫(xiě)起,從那些你能從生活中觀察到的一些經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象寫(xiě)起。最好理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,供需原理怎樣影響日常生活、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)怎樣影響商品價(jià)格等。
很多同學(xué)用買賣股票作為聯(lián)系實(shí)際的例子,其實(shí)個(gè)人的理財(cái)方式有很多,股票只是其中一種,并且股票本身有它的投機(jī)性,不是一個(gè)特別理想的例子,其實(shí)適合學(xué)生的理財(cái)方式有很多,例如銀行的小額定存、網(wǎng)上開(kāi)店、通過(guò)每天的現(xiàn)金日記賬計(jì)算你自己或家庭的消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)等,都是理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的例子。
? 對(duì)于申請(qǐng)精算專業(yè)的特別說(shuō)明
發(fā)現(xiàn)有的學(xué)生對(duì)精算專業(yè)并不十分了解,其實(shí)精算專業(yè)就是研究意外事件(即風(fēng)險(xiǎn))發(fā)生的概率的,主要是與數(shù)學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān),然后應(yīng)用于保險(xiǎn)、基金領(lǐng)域。精算要求很強(qiáng)的數(shù)學(xué)能力(概率原理、統(tǒng)計(jì)方法)和分析能力(對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的問(wèn)題能夠做出明確的敘述、分析和預(yù)測(cè)),所欲在寫(xiě)PS時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)注重這兩方面。很多學(xué)生把精算與股票相聯(lián)系,其實(shí)精算可以用于證券公司的投資組合分析,但是跟個(gè)人買賣的單只或多只股票是沒(méi)有關(guān)系的。申請(qǐng)精算專業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)把中心放在數(shù)學(xué)方面,金融、經(jīng)濟(jì)只是這個(gè)專業(yè)的一個(gè)大背景。總結(jié)
寫(xiě)PS其實(shí)是一種經(jīng)營(yíng)自己的方式,要把自己作為商品推薦給買家,即學(xué)校。你有什么過(guò)人之處?為什么學(xué)校要選擇你而不選擇他人?你能為學(xué)校帶來(lái)什么?如果你認(rèn)真思考了這三個(gè)問(wèn)題,你就基本把握了PS的正確方向。總之,PS要寫(xiě)出個(gè)性。
education 學(xué)歷 educational background 教育程度educational history 學(xué)歷curriculum 課程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 課程重點(diǎn)部分curriculum included 課程包括specialized courses 專門(mén)課程courses taken 所學(xué)課程courses completed 所學(xué)課程special training 特別訓(xùn)練social practice 社會(huì)實(shí)踐part-time jobs 業(yè)余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 進(jìn)修課程extracurricular activities 課外活動(dòng)physical activities 體育活動(dòng)recreational activities 娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)academic activities 學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)social activities 社會(huì)活動(dòng)rewards 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)scholarship 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金“Three Goods” student 三好學(xué)生excellent League member 優(yōu)秀團(tuán)員excellent leader 優(yōu)秀干部student council 學(xué)生會(huì)off-job training 脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn)in-job training 在職培訓(xùn)educational system 學(xué)制academic year 學(xué)年semester 學(xué)期(美)term 學(xué)期(英)president 校長(zhǎng)vice-president 副校長(zhǎng)dean 院長(zhǎng)assistant dean 副院長(zhǎng)academic dean 教務(wù)長(zhǎng)department chairman 系主任professor 教授associate professor 副教授guest professor 客座教授lecturer 講師teaching assistant 助教research fellow 研究員research assistant 助理研究員supervisor 論文導(dǎo)師principal 中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)(美)headmaster 中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)(英)master 小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)(美)dean of studies 教務(wù)長(zhǎng)dean
of students 教導(dǎo)主任teacher 教師probation teacher 代課教師tutor 家庭教師governess 女家庭教師intelligence quotient 智商pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分?jǐn)?shù)grades 分?jǐn)?shù)scores 分?jǐn)?shù)examination 考試grade 年級(jí)class 班級(jí)monitor 班長(zhǎng)vice-monitor 副班長(zhǎng)commissary in charge of studies 學(xué)習(xí)委員commissary in charge of entertainment 文娛委員commissary in charge of sports 體育委員commissary in charge of physical labor 勞動(dòng)委員Party branch secretary 黨支部書(shū)記League branch secretary 團(tuán)支部書(shū)記commissary in charge of organization 組織委員commissary in charge of publicity 宣傳委員degree 學(xué)位post doctorate 博士后doctor(Ph.D)博士master 碩士bachelor 學(xué)士student 學(xué)生graduate student 研究生abroad student 留學(xué)生returned student 回國(guó)留學(xué)生foreign student 外國(guó)學(xué)生undergraduate大學(xué)生senior 大學(xué)四年級(jí)學(xué)生;高中三年級(jí)學(xué)生Junior 大學(xué)三年級(jí)學(xué)生;高中二年級(jí)學(xué)生sophomore 大學(xué)二年級(jí)學(xué)生;高中一年級(jí)學(xué)生freshman 大學(xué)一年級(jí)學(xué)生guest student 旁聽(tīng)生(英)auditor 旁聽(tīng)生(美)government-supported student 公費(fèi)生commoner 自費(fèi)生extern 走讀生day-student 走讀生intern 實(shí)習(xí)生prize fellow 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金生boarder 寄宿生
第五篇:自主招生個(gè)人陳述寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)
個(gè)人陳述是在申請(qǐng)過(guò)程中按照學(xué)校要求來(lái)寫(xiě)一篇有關(guān)申請(qǐng)人過(guò)去背景,目前成就和未來(lái)目標(biāo)的文章。一篇成功的個(gè)人陳述應(yīng)不但語(yǔ)言流暢,且文章邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),層次分明,能充分顯示申請(qǐng)人的才華并抓住審閱人的注意力。幾乎所有學(xué)校都要求提交個(gè)人陳述。
個(gè)人陳述應(yīng)當(dāng)包含以下內(nèi)容:
(一)申請(qǐng)者的學(xué)術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)興趣及背景;
www.tmdps.cn【xiexiebang.com范文網(wǎng)】
(二)欲研究的方向;
(三)未來(lái)的職業(yè)目標(biāo)。
如果個(gè)人陳述寫(xiě)作得當(dāng),可以很大程度地提高申請(qǐng)者獲得錄取和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的幾率。這對(duì)申請(qǐng)者來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)絕好的機(jī)會(huì)。可惜的是很多申請(qǐng)者對(duì)自主招生考試可謂嘔心瀝血,而對(duì)個(gè)人陳述往往一蹴而就,敷衍了事,內(nèi)容貧乏、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤連篇。通過(guò)自主招生,大學(xué)不單是通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的考試來(lái)考評(píng)其申請(qǐng)者的資格,在決定你是否正是他們想要的人時(shí),首先希望聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)你對(duì)于你自己作何評(píng)價(jià)。當(dāng)你通過(guò)申請(qǐng)文書(shū)來(lái)介紹你自己時(shí),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所面臨的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)同樣之大。
要寫(xiě)出成功的申請(qǐng)文書(shū)僅僅有那些適用于任何類型寫(xiě)作的基本寫(xiě)作技巧(清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。一篇好的申請(qǐng)文書(shū)要求申請(qǐng)人能夠用一種與其他申請(qǐng)人完全不同方式,巧妙地展現(xiàn)自己的獨(dú)特個(gè)性和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這是一件要求比較高,通常非常繁累的工作。
“你很特別,我很特別,每一個(gè)人都特別,各人以他自己的方式。”這是我女兒過(guò)去在加拿大時(shí)唱的一首歌中的一部分。這也是如果申請(qǐng)者在寫(xiě)申請(qǐng)文書(shū)感到一籌莫展時(shí)應(yīng)銘記在心的信念。許多申請(qǐng)人,尤其是年輕人,在寫(xiě)申請(qǐng)文書(shū)時(shí)常說(shuō)他們不知道該寫(xiě)些什么。他們哀嘆自己二十幾年平淡的人生中沒(méi)有做過(guò)任何不平凡的事情。如果你這樣想,那只是因?yàn)槟阆碌墓し蜻€不夠,還沒(méi)有完全地審視你自己。試著這樣來(lái)做:
1.分析你的個(gè)性和經(jīng)歷。
2.區(qū)分、組織和取舍你的特質(zhì)、經(jīng)歷、和成就來(lái)滿足學(xué)校錄取的要求和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
3.把所有這些編排好的訊息歸納一個(gè)敘述性的結(jié)構(gòu)中。
4.草擬出一篇具有說(shuō)服力能突出你的特質(zhì)的短文來(lái)。只要足夠深入地探索了你的人生經(jīng)歷和內(nèi)心世界,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你很特別,非常的特別,以你自己的方式。
寫(xiě)作一系列申請(qǐng)文書(shū)的過(guò)程是一個(gè)自我審視的過(guò)程。成功的申請(qǐng)者注重這樣一種策略,即致力于把自己與那些有著差不多成績(jī)、成就、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或人生經(jīng)歷的人區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。雖然其他申請(qǐng)者可以清楚有效地寫(xiě)作,聰明的申請(qǐng)者則通過(guò)有目的地使自己與其他人區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)從而在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中勝出。這正是創(chuàng)造性、目的性和動(dòng)人的寫(xiě)作發(fā)揮作用之處。