第一篇：英漢翻譯練習題

回家的感覺真好，可以吃到媽媽親手做的家鄉(xiāng)菜。雖然媽媽說我回家是給她添亂，但我知道那不是心里話。其實她早就盼著我回來。如果過年時都沒有見到我，她會很牽掛。家里呆的時間長了，我有時也會想念學校的生活。那里沒有媽媽的嘮叨，自由很多。

It’s nice when I staying at home, because I can taste my home cooking cooked by my mom.Although mom always viewed me as a trouble-maker, I know she’s just miss me too much and eagerly await me.She’ll even worry about me if I don’t come back during the spring festival.However, sometimes, I’ll expect school life as I stay in home for a long time, because of the relative freedom and disappearance of mom’s nagging.孩

子

——梁實秋

?

蘭姆是終身未娶的，他沒有孩子，所以他有一篇《未婚者的怨言》收在他的《伊利亞隨筆》里。他說孩子沒有什么希奇，等于陰溝里的老鼠一樣，到處都有，所以有孩子的人不必在他面前炫耀。他的話無論是怎樣中肯，但在骨子里有一點酸——葡萄酸。

Lamb was single through his life , because he didn’t have children he wrote an article named Unmarried Complaints which was collected in Essays of Elia.He said children aren’t a morvellous exist ,they are like gutter rats,scattering everwhere ,so ,those people who have children needn’t flaunt it.He said these words acted out from jealousy no matter how apropos his words is.?

我一向all along不信孩子是未來世界的主人翁master，因為我親見孩子到處在做現(xiàn)在的主人翁。孩子活動的主要范圍是家庭，而現(xiàn)代家庭很少不是以孩子為中心的。一夫一妻不能成為家，沒有孩子的家像是一株不結果實的樹，總缺點什么；必定等到小寶貝呱呱墮地，家庭的柱石才算放穩(wěn)，男人開始做父親；女人開始做母親，大家才算找到各自的崗位。我問過一個并非“神童”的孩子：“你媽媽是做什么的?”他說：“給我縫衣的。”“你爸爸呢?”小寶貝翻翻白眼：“爸爸是看報的!”但是他隨即更正說：“是給我們掙錢的。”

I don’t believe since a long time that children will become master of the future world ,because I am seeing with my own eyes ,children are indeed a master currently.Children’s scope of activities are main in home ,most of families regards their children as apple of their eye.A husbend and a wife can’t be home ,home without children is like tree without fruits ,it seems lack of something;a home become a real home with a baby ,man start to be a father ,women begin to be a mother ,everyone stand in a right position and ddes right thing in their position.I have ever asked an ordinary kid:”what’s your mother ?”he said:”she is my tailor.””what’s your father ?”the litte baby rolled his eyes:”father is a nespaper reader!”soon ,he changed his answer and said:”he is the one make money for us.”

“文化大革命”是中國現(xiàn)代史上最具摧毀力的社會動蕩。我妻子和我在這期間被抓進監(jiān)獄，原因是我們被懷疑為外國間諜。我的家妻離子散，十六歲的女兒被送去內(nèi)蒙古插隊，我兒子當時年僅七歲，只能去跟著我母親，靠她微薄的退休金生活。我們多次被不同派別的紅衛(wèi)兵抄家。不過，在監(jiān)獄的這段時間讓我對中國當時情形的了解比我一輩子學的還多，這一點值得欣慰。

在這三年中我被轉了好幾個監(jiān)獄。我天生不安分，在獄中以幫助其他犯人為己任，我心里很清楚至少有百分之九十被關起來的人都是冤枉的，壓根兒不該進監(jiān)獄。我親眼看見很多犯人自殺，有的瘋了，下決心自己絕不能重蹈他們的覆轍。我決定要利用在監(jiān)獄的日子盡量從其他犯人的背景、經(jīng)歷中吸收有用的東西，靠自己的智慧和幽默感生存下來。監(jiān)獄成了人類學的一道智力題，一種讓人思考的有趣的游戲。

我寫這部傳記如果有更深一層的目的，那就是要告訴人們，我的一生看似充滿了曲折和不幸，人們也許會為此感到不平，但我的自身體驗完全不是那樣。人本能地追隨積極向上的東西。洞穴時代的原始人還發(fā)明了游戲自娛自樂，我也是那么做的。如果這部傳記值得讀，值得寫，最主要的目的是要證明我在“文化大革命”這樣的環(huán)境中怎樣主動積極地度過在監(jiān)獄里的日子，權當一本“坐牢手冊”吧。

第二篇：英漢翻譯練習題與答案

Translation Improvement（改錯）

例：原文：He asked after you． 譯文：他在你之后發(fā)問。改譯：他問起你的情況。4)等到所有的傷員都被轉移了，白求恩大夫才離開醫(yī)院。

譯文：Dr．Bethune left the hospital until all the wounded soldiers were carried away.改正：Dr．Bethune didn?t leave the hospital until all the wounded soldiers were carried away.5)這篇文章給我們介紹了他們的教學方法。

譯文：This article tells us their teaching method． 改正：This article introduces us their teaching method．

6)工人們用的這些工作臺需要加高。

譯文：The worktables where the workers sit need being heightened． 改正：The worktables where the workers sit need heightening．

7)海洋覆蓋了地球表面的71％，是全球生命支持系統(tǒng)的一個基本組成部分。

譯文：The ocean covers 71 percent of the earth's surface and is a basic component of the global bio-support system．

改正：The ocean covers 71 percent of the earth's surface and it is a basic component of the global bio-support system． 8)一班的學生和二班的一樣專心。

譯文：The students of Class One are as attentive as Class Two． 改正：The students of Class One are as attentive as those of Class Two．

9)It is time we took effective measures to deal with the problem of pollution．

譯文：這時，我們已采取了有效措施來處理污染這一問題。改正：該是時候采取措施來處理污染這一問題了。

10)In any case it was a bad scene and one in which 1 would just glad never have taken part．

譯文：總而言之，這是一個狼狽的場面，我很高興，我永遠也不會參與進去。改正：無論如何，這是一個狼狽的場面，我很高興，我永遠也不會參與進去。

11)A visit to the slum areas of the town brought home to me what poverty really means．

譯文：對該市貧民區(qū)的訪問使我把貧窮的真正含義帶回了國內(nèi)。改正：對該市貧民區(qū)的訪問使我對貧窮有了真正了解。

14)Eggs are supposed to be one of the most healthful foods．——Next to potatoes．I think．

譯文：雞蛋被認為是最有益于健康的食品。——我想與土豆接近。改正：雞蛋被認為是最有益于健康的食品。——我想僅次于土豆。

15)Living things consist of minute structures called cells．

譯文：生物都是由稱為細胞在幾分鐘之內(nèi)就可形成的結構物組成的。改正：在幾分鐘之內(nèi)就可形成的結構組成的生物是細胞。

16）Adelaide enjoys Mediterranean climate．

譯文：阿德萊德享有地中海型氣候。改譯：阿德萊德是地中海型氣候。

18）She recognized the absurdity of dealing with these people through intermediaries．

譯文：她認識到通過中間人跟這些人打交道的愚蠢性。改譯：她認識到通過中間人跟這些人打交道是愚蠢的。

19)One can never see too many summer sunrises 0n the Mississippi River．

譯文：夏天，人們永遠不能在密西西比河上看到太多的日出。改譯：夏天，人們在密西西比河上看到太多的日出。20)Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth．

譯文：他的許多思想對當代青年特別感興趣。改譯：當代青年對他的許多思想都特別感興趣。21)They had barely enough time to catch the train．

譯文：他們剛夠時間趕上火車。改譯：他們幾乎沒趕上火車。28)There are three main groups 0f oils：animal，vegetable and mineral．

譯文：油可以分為三類：動物、植物和礦物。改正：油可以分為三類：動物油、植物油和礦物油。29)His military career had been inglorious．

譯文：他的軍隊生涯是不光彩的。改正：他的軍隊生涯曾是不光彩的。

30)I decided to walk my dog．The path took us toward the park．

譯文：我打算去遛狗。這條路把我們帶到了公園。

改正：我打算去遛狗。沿著這條路我們到了公園。

五、句子翻譯

1．But there isn't anything here right now that I could offer you．We don?t make many changes． 此時此刻我沒有什么可以提供給你的，我們沒有太多改變。2．They were beckoning mountains with a brown grass love． 棕色的草坡給你愛撫，向你召喚。

3．Yes，Sir John．Thank you．Anything else I can do for you，Sir John? 好的，約翰先生，謝謝你。還有什么我可以幫助的嗎？ 4．在舊社會，我們評劇演員常常掙錢不夠吃飯，藝人們大都是拉家?guī)Э冢罾щy。

5．日子很快的過去了，她還像以前那樣努力的工作，不計較飲食，從不吝惜自己的力氣。

二、Multiple Choice Questions（選擇題）

1.He thought that directly internal confidence in the regime declines，her financial structure would be in danger．(C)

A.他認為，那直接影響著園內(nèi)對政府的信心下降，它的財歧體制就會出現(xiàn)危機了。

B.他直截了當?shù)卣J為，國內(nèi)對政府的信心下降，其財政結構就要出現(xiàn)危機了。

C.他認為，一旦國內(nèi)對政府的信心下降，她的財政體制就會出現(xiàn)危機。

D．他當時認為，只要政府內(nèi)部失去信心，其金融結構就會瓦解。

2．Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy condition 0f body．(D)

A．日光和新鮮空氣對于身體健康都是不可缺少的。

B．對于健康的身體，日光和新鮮空氣一樣不可缺少。

C．對于身體健康，日光如新鮮空氣一樣不可或缺。

D．陽光同新鮮空氣一樣對于身體的健康不可缺少。

3．Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues and the interiors of buildings．(B)

A．強烈的光線和露天場所的炎熱，同林蔭道上的涼爽和建筑物內(nèi)部形成了對比。

B．露天場所的強烈光線和酷熱，同林蔭道上和建筑物內(nèi)部的涼爽形成了對比。

C．露天場所的強光和酷熱，同林蔭道上的涼爽和建筑物內(nèi)部形成了對比。D．強烈的光線和露天場所的炎熱，同林蔭道和建筑物內(nèi)部的涼爽形成了對比。4．Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness，affection weakness，thrift avarice．(C)

A．勇氣過分成為魯莽、熱愛、虛弱、節(jié)儉和貪婪。

B．過分的勇氣變?yōu)樾U勇，愛變?yōu)槟鐞郏?jié)儉變?yōu)樨澙贰?/p>

C．過度的勇氣變?yōu)樾U勇，過度的愛變?yōu)槟鐞郏^度的節(jié)儉變?yōu)樨澙贰?/p>

D．勇敢過分成為蠻勇，愛與虛偽，節(jié)約與貪婪。

5．Being easily set on fire．a(chǎn)lcohol must be kept away from the flame．(D)

A．酒精容易著火，必須放在與火隔絕的地方。B．因為酒精容易被人放火，所以必須遠離火存放。

C．由于容易失火，酒精必須遠離火焰。D．因為酒精易燃，所以必須被放在離火很遠的地方。

6．These particles，while they have the same mass or weight as the protons，have no electric charge．(B)A． 當粒子質量和重量與質子相同時，他們不帶電荷。B． 這些粒子雖然其質量和重量跟質子相同，但不帶電荷。C．這些粒子不帶電荷，而他們有和質子相同的質量或重量。

D．這些粒子不帶電荷，與此同時他們還和質子一樣有相同的質量和重量。7．我們必須采取措施深化改革。(B)A．We must take measures to deepen our reform． B．Measures have to be taken to deepen the reform．

C．Measures have to be taken to deepen our commitment to reform． D．Measures must be taken to deepen reform． 8．同學們每天早晨在室外朗讀。(A)A．The students read aloud in the open every morning． B．The students read aloud every rooming in the open． C．The students read in the open loudly every morning． D．Every morning in the open the students read aloud． 9．你覺得這部新片怎么樣?(D)

A．How do you think the film?

B．What do you feel about the film?

C．What do you like the film?

D．How did you like the film? 10．你什么時候方便就過來玩。(D)

A．Come and play when you are convenient．

B．Come here to play if you are convenient．

C．Drop in whenever it?s convenient．

D．Drop in whenever you have convenience． 11．王力先生指出，西文多用形合法，(D)。

A．因此定語從句用得特別多 B．因此現(xiàn)在分詞用得特別多 C．介詞和介詞短語往往是不可缺少的 D．聯(lián)結成分在大多數(shù)情況下是不可缺少的

12．就英漢兩種語言的語序而言，下列選項中正確的是(C)。

A．漢語有時態(tài)，可以通過動詞的變化顯出動作發(fā)生的先后順序，而英語則不能 B．漢語大量使用分詞和從句，用法也靈活，可前可后 C．英語句子注重突出重點，往往把重要的話放在突出的位置

D．英語敘事多靠并列結構，且較多地依靠各成分之間的順序，尤其是時間順序和邏輯順序

13．在理論方面，(A)曾針對當時趙景深的“寧順而不信”的提法，提出了“寧信而不順”的主張。

A．魯迅

B．梁實秋 C．瞿秋白

D．嚴復

14．有關句子內(nèi)部及句子之間聯(lián)系的說法，下列正確的一項是(D)。

A．漢語不重視句子之間的聯(lián)系

B．英語比較重視句子之間的聯(lián)系

C．在句子內(nèi)部，漢語重意合，句內(nèi)各成分聯(lián)系緊密

D．在句子內(nèi)部，英語重形合，句內(nèi)各成分聯(lián)系緊密 15．The Art of Translation is written by(C)． A．Charles R．Taber B．George Steiner C．Theodore Savory D．Eugene A．Nida 16.There's no pot so ugly it can't find a lid．

譯文A．沒有丑到配不上一個蓋子的罐子。

(√)譯文B．罐兒再丑，配個蓋子不發(fā)愁。

（）17.They had barely enough time t0 catch the train． 譯文A．他們僅有足夠的時間趕上火車。

（）譯文B．他們差點兒沒趕上火車。

(√)18.A.英語動詞用得多，而漢語名詞、介詞用得多。

（）B.英語名詞、介詞用得多，而漢語動詞用得多。

(√)

A． 1．The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it．(B)

A．海洋與其說分開世界，不如說把它連起來。

B．與其說海洋把世界分隔開來，不如說把世界連接起來。

C．海洋把世界分隔開來沒有像把它連接起來多。

D．海洋分隔世界的程度不如連接世界的程度大。

2．Being a metal，mercury is not a solid．(C)

A．作為一種金屬，水銀不是固體。

B．由于是金屬，水銀不是固體。

C．汞雖是金屬，但不是固體。D．汞是一種金屬，卻不是一種固體。

3．A translator has to know everything 0f something and something 0f everything．(B)

A．一個翻譯人員對一些事情要什么都懂，對什么事情又要懂一些。

B．翻譯人員對有些事情要無所不曉，對什么事情又要略知一二。

C．翻譯人員對于知識既要精深，又要淵博。

D．譯者要知之為知之，不知為不知。

4．It was a cold winter day．（D)

A．這是一個寒冷的冬天。

B．這是寒冬的一天。

C．這是冬天寒冷的一天。

D．這是一個寒冷的冬日。

5.The film is a dramatic treatment of a threatened stoppage in a factory．(C)

A．本片是對一家工廠的一場受到威脅的罷工的戲劇的處理。

B．本片對一家工廠的一場可能發(fā)生的罷工，進行戲劇性的處理。

C．本片用戲劇性手法，表現(xiàn)了一家工廠是如何面臨罷工威脅的。

D．該片對一家受到罷工威脅的工廠進行了戲劇性處理。6．I have no opinion of that sort of man．(C)

A．我不贊成那種人的意見。

B．我對那樣人毫無意見。

C．我對那種人毫無好感。

D．我沒有那種人的觀點。7．她是班里唱得最好的。(B)

A．She is better singer than any in the class．

B．She is the best singer in the class．

C．She sings better than any in the class．

D．She is the best singer of all her classmates． 8．我陷入了沉思。(A)A．I was lost in thought． B．I lost in thought．

C．My thought was lost． D．I was deep in thought． 9．沒有他的幫助，我早就失敗了。(B)A．But for his help, I would fail． B．Without his help, I would have failed．

C．If he didn?t help me, I would have failed．

D．If not for his help, I would fail． 10.抓革命，促生產(chǎn)是當務之急。(A)

A．It is highly imperative to grasp revolution and promote production．

B．It is highly imperative to promote pooduction by means of revolution．

C．It is an urgent task to revolutionize and produce．

D．To make revolution and increase production is a hurry thing to do．

11．王佐良認為，一部好的譯作總是既有_______ 又有_______的：凡能直譯處堅持直譯，必須意譯處則放手意譯。(C)

A．死譯，硬譯

B．胡譯，亂譯

C．直譯，意譯

D．歸化，異化 12．就句子結構而言，一般說來，(B)。

A．漢語多用并列結構，英語也多用并列結構。B．漢語多用并列結構，英語多用主從結構。C．漢語多用主從結構，英語也多用主從結構。D．漢語多用主從結構，英語多用并列結構。13．錢鐘書先生在“林紓的翻譯”一文中提出了一條新的標準，即“文學翻譯的最高標準是?(D)?。

A．雅

B．信

C．達

D．化 14．“(B)”is the idea of Saint Jerome．

A．It isn?t necessary to translate word for word．

B．I have always aimed at translating sense，not words．

C．The translati013 should have all the ease 0f 0riginal composition．

D．The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that 0f the original． 15．In the Theory and Practice of Translation，(B)and Charles R．Taber emphasize the importance of the translator?s respect for the genius of each 1anguage．

A．Saint Jerome

B．Eugene A．Nida

C．Cicero

D．A．F．Tytler C．選擇正確的譯文或說法，請在正確的譯文或說法后面的括號內(nèi)打“√”。16.We ourselves attract more foreign investment than any country but the u．s。譯文A．我們所吸引的外資額僅次于美國。

(√)譯文B.除了美國，我們所吸引的外資額比任何國家都多。（）17.這幢房屋值10萬元。

譯文A．The house worths 100，000 dollars．

(√)譯文B．The house is worth 100，000 dollars．

（）1)It was not until bedtime that the boy remembered to do his homework． 譯文：還沒到睡覺時，這個小孩就想起了去做作業(yè)。改正：直到睡覺時，這個小孩才想起去做作業(yè)。

2)Besides，we were much too interested and too anxious to participate in the discussion to have time for foolishness.譯文：再說，我們十分有興趣、十分急切，以至于沒有去參加課堂討論，也沒有時間去胡鬧搗亂。

改正：再說，我們十分有興趣、十分急切，去參加課堂討論，沒有時間去胡鬧搗亂。3)I expect never to see him．He is such a bore．

譯文：我想永遠也不會見到他了。他真是個惹人厭煩的人。改正：我希望從未見過他。他真是個惹人厭煩的人。4)The students of Class 2 are in the charge of Miss Taylor．

譯文：二班的學生負責管理泰勒小姐。改正：泰勒小姐負責管理二班的學生

5)The time was hardly ten o'clock at night，but chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had almost emptied the street．

譯文：還不到晚上10點鐘，可是一陣陣的涼風夾雜著蒙蒙細雨幾乎把街頭一掃而空。改正：剛剛晚上10點鐘，可是一陣陣的涼風夾雜著蒙蒙細雨幾乎把街頭一掃而空。6)Look before you leap． 譯文：你跳之前看一看。

改正：三思而后行。

7)Let's be patient．The decision has to come． 譯文：讓我們耐心一些，決定必須到來。改正：讓我們耐心一些，決定還未做出。

8)The train coming from Moscow will arrive in no time． 譯文：來自莫斯科的火車不用時間將會到達。改正：來自莫斯科的火車不久將會到達。9)正如我們老師所說的，課后也應練習多講英語。

譯文：As our teacher said that we should practice speaking English after class． 改正：As our teacher said we should practice speaking English after class． 10)起初我感到這本書很難懂。

譯文：At first I felt very difficult to understand this book． 改正：At first I felt it very difficult to understand this book． 11)這個男孩學習遲鈍。他不會讀和寫。

譯文：The boy is slow in learning．He cannot read and write 改正：The boy is slow witted in learning．He cannot read and write 12)你找到你的辭典了嗎? 譯文：Have you found out your dictionary? 改正：Have you found your dictionary? 13)湯姆是班上同學中最高的一個。

譯文：Tom is the tallest of all his classmates． 14)譯成英語后，句子的詞序就完全不同了。

譯文：The word order of the sentence is entirely different when translated into English． 改正：The word order of the sentence is entirely different when it is translated into English． 15)這個發(fā)現(xiàn)在科學上意義重大。

譯文：The discovery is great significance in science． 改正：The discovery is of great significance in science．

16)A successful scientist utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent．

譯文：一位成功的科學家利用最大限度觀察到的事實。改譯：一位成功的科學家將他觀察到的事實發(fā)揮到最大程度。17)Lock the stable door after the horse is stolen．

譯文：亡羊補牢，未為晚也。改譯：亡羊補牢，為時晚矣。

18)It is a wise man that never makes mistakes．

譯文：只有聰明的人才從不犯錯誤。改譯：再聰明的人也有犯錯誤的時候。19)How long is it since you last wrote to him? 譯文：你上次給他寫信有多久了? 改譯：你多久沒給他寫信了? 20)Until recently I knew nothing about it．

譯文：到目前為止我還蒙在鼓里。改譯：到目前為止我還一無所知。

21)The elevator girl reads books between passengers．

譯文：這位開電梯的女孩擠在乘客中間讀書。改譯：這位開電梯的女孩能讀懂乘客的心思。22)我弟弟盡管是大學生，卻連一封英文信都寫不好。

譯文：In spite 0f being a college student，my brother writes an English letter poorly． 改譯：In spite of a college student，my brother writes an English letter poorly． 23)請預先給我安排一個房間。

譯文：Please arrange me a room in advance． 改譯：Please arrange me a room.24)各國人民的正義斗爭是相互支持的。

譯文：The just struggle of the people of the world support each other． 改譯：The just struggle by the people of the world support each other． 25)這樣做，有助于解決國家、廠長同群眾的矛盾。

譯文：Doing so，it will be helpful for us to solve the contradictions between the country，the factory directors and the masses．

改譯：By doing so，it will be helpful for us to solve the contradictions between the country，the factory directors and the masses．

26)I don't believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old．

譯文：我不相信她有工夫去注意自己是不是在日益衰老。

改正：我相信她沒有工夫去注意自己是不是在日益衰老。27)Last year，that figure，at 28％，was more than twice as high．

譯文：去年，這一數(shù)字為28％，增加了兩倍。改正：去年，這一數(shù)字上升到28％，增加了兩倍。28)I tried vainly to put them together．

譯文：我徒勞地想把它們拼在一起。

改正：我試圖想把它們拼在一起。

29)The canals were arteries of communication：they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges．

譯文：運河是交通的動脈，它們不是為了走游艇，而是為了能行駁船。

改正：運河是交通的動脈，開運河不是為了走游艇，而是為了能行駁船。30)我家里生活苦，父親做小買賣，母親是家庭婦女。

譯文：My family's life was hard up，my father was making small business，and my mother was a housewife．

改正：My family was hard up , with father a peddler , mother a housewife.31)合營企業(yè)需要時可在中國境外設立分支機構。

譯文：When an equity joint venture needs，it may set up branches and subbranches outside China．

改正：Whenever necessary, an equity joint venture may set up branches and subbranches outside China.五、句子翻譯

1．The fine snow，setting into this red grass and upon the few little evergreens and the headstones．100ked very pretty．

2．“She must be eighty-five if she is a day．”said Thorpe at last．

3．She was relaxed too，he could see，as he thought of the accumulated tension that had preceded their departure．

4．他站在那兒，手插在手袋里。

5．我英語講的很好，這使老板很滿意。

第三篇：英漢翻譯（共）

the most-favored-nation clause最惠國條款

A rolling stone gathers no moss 滾石不生苔

the Trojan horse 特洛伊木馬 the heel of Achilles阿喀琉斯之踵 Blood is thicker than water.血溶于水

with a heavy heart 心情沉重； more haste, less speed 欲速則不達

to praise to the skies捧上天去 to be on thin ice 如履薄冰 Walls have ears.隔墻有耳

As stubborn as a mule犟得象頭牛 To fish in the air 水中撈月 To drink like a fish牛飲

To be at the end of one’s rope山窮水盡

To spend money like water揮金如土/花錢如流水

have an axe on the grind醉翁之意不在酒

a wet blanket一個令人掃興的人 like a fish out of water.很不自在 be born with a silver spoon in her mouth生長在富貴之家

Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子Least said, sooner mended.說得少，錯的少

Out of sight, out of mind.眼不見，心不想

Penny wise, pound foolish.小事聰明，大事糊涂

Where there’s a will, there’s a way.有志者，事竟成 a white elephant毫無用處 in the red慘淡經(jīng)營

Heads or tails?正面還是反面 Where is the head?（船）廁所在哪里?

man-of-war 戰(zhàn)艦 soft money紙幣

soft breeze微風

soft words溫暖的話語

to be on tenterhooks(心情煩亂，焦急，緊張)

cut a joke插科打諢

speak one’s mind暢所欲言 be after one’s own heart稱心如意

at one’s finger-tips了如指掌

fish in troubled waters渾水摸魚 thousands upon thousands of 成千上萬

in deep water水深火熱

turn up one’s nose at嗤之以鼻 skins and bones皮包骨頭 touch and go一觸即發(fā)

from the cradle to the grave一生一世

hit the nail on the head一語道破 turn a deaf ear to充耳不聞

be head and shoulders above others出人頭地

pick a hole in sb’s coat吹毛求疵 burn one’s boat.破釜沉舟 make a fuss about大驚小怪 look for a needle in a bundle of hay大海撈針

talk black into white顛倒黑白 have one’s nose in the air得意忘形

worship the rising sun攀龍附鳳 hit the ceiling;fly into a rage大發(fā)雷霆

hold a wolf by the ears騎虎難下 turn a blind eye to視而不見 Look before you leap.三思而后行．

Make hay while the sun shines.趁熱打鐵．

There is no smoke without fire.無風不起浪．

ill news travels fast.惡事傳千里． Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧． Actions speak louder than words.行動勝于言辭．

East and west, home is best.金窩銀窩，不如自己的狗窩． All is fish that comes to the net.拉入籃里就是菜．

Everything comes to him who waits.皇天不負苦心人．

The moon is not seen when the sun shines.小巫見大巫．

went through fire and flood赴湯蹈火

have a lucky star above you.福星高照

reaping what he has sown.咎由自

取

between the devil and the deep sea進退維谷

throws her cares to the winds.把憂愁拋至九霄云外

fair without but foul within.口蜜腹劍

has a ready tongue伶牙利齒 light-fingered gentry梁上君子 on the downgrade每況愈下

throw dust into the eye of迷人眼目 searching his heart捫心自問 rolled up his sleeves摩拳擦掌 do our level best全力以赴 swallow the insult忍氣吞聲 come to the end of their tether.走投無路

eating the bread of idleness游手好

閑

set the wolf to keep the sheep引狼入室

shooting off his mouth信口開河 does not know the first thing of一竅不通

hot potatoes棘手

a bird in the bush.未到手的東西 warm snakes in our bosoms.姑息壞

人

separate the sheep from the goats.把好壞分清楚

blowing hot and cold.反復無常 hoes his own potatoes.只管自己的事

lick sb’s boots 巴結

stick to one’s last安分守己

keep sth.Under one’s hat 保密 eat one’s heart out極度悲痛 be in irons被監(jiān)禁

eat like a bird吃得極少 break the ice打破僵局

jump out one’s skin大吃一驚 walk on air得意洋洋 get the green light得到許可 turn thumbs down on sth.反對 trifling雞毛蒜皮

come straight to the point開門見山 do sth.desperate狗急跳

walk off with sth順手牽羊

trust to chance and stroke of luck

守株待兔

an impregnable fortress銅墻鐵壁

engage in a battle of words唇槍舌Crocodile tears鱷魚的眼淚； Armed to the teeth武裝到牙齒；

Chain reaction連鎖反應；

Gentlemen’s agreement君子協(xié)定；

One country, two systems一國兩See Marx見馬克思； Kick the bucket蹬腿;Go to heaven上天堂； Blow out the candles吹燈拔蠟； as white as snow白如雪

Spring up like mushrooms雨后春

筍

Everybody's business is nobody's

business.三個和尚沒水喝

Among the blind the one-eyed man

is king.山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王 劍at one’s wit’s end黔驢技窮 all by oneself單槍匹馬 bursting with energy生龍活虎predestined relationship緣分 blood relationship血緣 relations with people人緣 predestined marriage姻緣 制；Paper tiger紙老虎； The three religions and the nineschools of thought三教九流 The long sleep長眠； predestination前世因緣 Go west上西天；

１．It is quite another story now.現(xiàn)在情形完全不同了．

2.A young man came to Scotts office with a story.一個年輕人來到斯科特的辦公室報案．

3.It is a long story.說起來話就長了．

4.He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.如果這一說法能夠成立，那他就太高興了．

5.The white-haired girl’s story is one of the saddest.白毛女的遭遇可算是最悲慘的了．

6．After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England on the ground, about equally matched in the air, and gravely inferior at sea.法國崩潰之后，德國陸軍大大超過英國，空軍力量旗鼓相當，海軍則嚴重處于劣勢．

7.Yet her youthful craving for knowledge, her aspiring spirit, made her read on eagerly whether she understood or not.可是青年人熱烈的求知欲望和好高騖遠的勁頭，管它懂不懂，她還是如饑如渴地讀下去．

8.It is a good workman that never blunders.智者千慮，必有一失．

9．It is a long lane that has no end.路必有彎

10.It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.壞事未必對人人都有害處．

11.It’s a good horse that never stumbles好馬也有失蹄時．

12.Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.三個臭皮匠，賽過諸葛亮．

13.Don’t try to show off your proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter.別班門弄斧．

14.It is just as the proverb goes, “The onlooker sees most of the game.” 這真是俗話說的，“旁觀者清”．

15.I was practically on my knees but he still refused.我?guī)缀跏强嗫喟螅廊痪芙^．

16.The two sisters were usually in agreement on most issues, but they were at swords’ points on the matter of abortion.在很多問題上姐妹倆的意見通常是一致的，但在人工流產(chǎn)問題上，她們是有激烈的爭執(zhí)的．

17.He is a rolling stone.I don’t think he can go far.他是個見異思遷的人，我想他不會有多大出息．

18.Since I only got the news at second hand, I took it with a grain of salt.這個消息我只是間接聽來的，所以并不完全相信．

19.I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad!我一定要向人講真心話，否則我會發(fā)瘋的！

20.I’ll break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I can’t promise for sure.我一定要盡最大的努力在星期五以前完成此事，但我不能說定．

21.By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband.她用這種手段離間這對夫妻．

22.He thinks by all this fast talking and flattery he can pull the wool over her eyes, but she isn’t deceived.他以為像這樣花言巧語加上奉承就可以蒙蔽她，但她沒有受騙．

23.The matter was finally settled under the table.事情終于私下解決了．

24.那位小伙子真是喝了大膽湯.That young man has great courage, indeed!

25.別人家里雞零狗碎的事情你都知道得這么全,真是個順風耳啊!You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families.You are really well informed.26.讓我們一直往前走吧,不要三心二意.Let’s go straight ahead.Don’t be wavering.27.他這幾天心里七上八下,老是安靜不下來.His mind was in a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think straight.28.這些問題盤根錯節(jié),三言兩語說不清楚.These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.29.一個和尚挑水吃，兩個和尚抬水吃，三個和尚沒水吃。One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.

第四篇：英漢翻譯

大家來詳細看幾句***在APEC工商領導人峰會上的開幕演講

1.山明水凈夜來霜，數(shù)樹深紅出淺黃。

The water is clear and the mountain is bright, the frost comes in at night;Trees are covered with deep scarlet, leaves mixed with yellow that is light.2.亞洲各國就像一盞盞明燈，只有串聯(lián)并聯(lián)起來，才能讓亞洲的夜空燈火輝煌。

Asian countries are just like a cluster of bright lanterns.Only when we link them together, can we light up the night sky in our continent.3.志存高遠，腳踏實地。

Aspire for high and grand while planting our feet firmly on the ground.4.應該變贏者通吃為各方共贏，共同做大亞太發(fā)展的蛋糕。

We should replace the “winner-take-all” mentality with an all-win approach and work together for great development and prosperity of our region.5.生活從不眷顧因循守舊、滿足現(xiàn)狀者，而將更多機遇留給勇于和善于改革創(chuàng)新的人們。

Life never favors those who always follow the beaten path and content themselves with the status quo.Instead, life saves opportunities for people who are willing and able to reform and innovate.6.如果說創(chuàng)新是中國發(fā)展的新引擎，那么改革就是必不可少的點火器。

If innovation is the new engine for China's development, reform is the indispensable igniter.

第五篇：英漢翻譯

英語十一種“錢”的表達方法

初學英語的人，常用expense來表示一切“費用”。其實expense主要是“花費”、“開

支”之意，如current expenses“日常開支”，selling expenses“銷售費用”，trav elling expenses“旅費”等等。在現(xiàn)實生活中，各種“費用”有各種不同的表達法:

一、admission(n.)指入場費。

如：admission by ticket only憑票入場

二、charge(n.)“原價、要價”。

常用復數(shù)，主要用于一次性勞務所收取的費用，如服務費、行李超重費、旅館費等

等。

如：what are the charges in the hotel?

這家旅館收費多少？

三、cost(n.)本義為“成本”、“原價”。

常常用來表示對已取得的貨物或勞務所支付的費用。

如：the cost of seeing a movie is seven dollars.看一場電影要花七美元。

四、fare(n.)指旅客乘公共汽車、出租車、火車、輪船、飛機等所支付的費用。

如：all fares, please.(公共汽車售票員用語)請買票。

五、fee(n.)醫(yī)生、律師或其它專門職業(yè)的傭金及會費、手續(xù)費、停車費等。

如：my lawyer's hourly fee is 130 dollars.我的律師的傭金是每小時130美元。

六、freight(n.)運費，指海運、空運、陸運的費用。

如：who will pay the freight on this order? 誰支付這批定貨的運費？

七、postage(n.)指郵費。

如：how much postage do i need to send this package?寄這個包裹須付多少錢

？

八、rent(n.土地、建筑物、房舍、機器等定期的租費。

如：the student owed three months’rent for my house.那學生欠我三個月的房 租。

九、tip(n.)小費。

如：i gave my barber a fat tip.我給理發(fā)師優(yōu)厚的小費。

十、toll(n.)道路、橋梁、港口、市場的捐稅、通行費及電話費等。

如：this month i had to pay 200 yuan toll call.這個月我要繳200元的電話費。

十一、tuition(n.)學費。

如：john took out a loan to pay his tuition.約翰貸款交付學費

---------------

體育英語表達知多少？

一、運動會的名稱

the Olympic Games奧運會

the Asian Games亞運會

National Games全運會

二、參賽的運動項目

1．Football 足球

the World Cup Soccer Championship世界杯足球錦標賽，soccer fans 足球迷，soccer hooligans 足球流氓，referee 主裁判，assistant referee（linesman）邊裁（巡邊員），goalkeeper守門員，halfback中衛(wèi)，fullback后衛(wèi)，wing邊鋒，forward 前鋒，midfielder 中場球員，thump 勁射，penetration 突破，header 頭球，pass-back 回傳，dummy 假動作，tripping 絆人犯規(guī)，intentional kicking 故意踢人，handball 手球，free kick 任意球，corner kick 角球，ejection 被罰出場，penalty kick 罰點球，offside 越位，yellow card warning 黃牌警告，red card penalty 紅牌判罰出場。

2．Basketball 籃球

referee 主裁判，umpire 裁判，basket and support 球籃和籃架，rim（hoop basket）籃圈，lay-up 上籃，shoot a basket 投籃，rebound 籃板球，control the rebound 控制籃板球，dribble 運球，scramble for the basketball 搶球，pass the ball 傳球，bounce pass 反彈傳球，behind the back pass 背后傳球，snap pass 快速傳球，drive to the basket 持續(xù)突破。

3．Table Tennis 乒乓球

singles 單打，men's singles男子單打，women's singles女子單打，doubles雙打，mixed doubles 男女混合雙打，serve the ball 發(fā)球，backhand drive 反手抽球，drive 抽球，forehand 正手擊球，top-spin 上旋球，under-spin 下旋球，side-spin 側旋球，loop 弧圈球，combine long drives with drop shots 長抽短吊，defensive player 防守型選手，attacking player 進攻型選手。

4．Gymnastics 體操

gymnastics exhibition 體操表演，floor exercise 自由體操，horizontal bar 單杠，parallel bars 雙杠，pommels horse 鞍馬，balance beam平衡木，rings 吊環(huán)，uneven bars 高低杠。

5．Field Events 田賽

the long（broad）jump 跳遠，the jumping pit 跳遠的沙坑，the high jump 跳高，the triple jump 三級跳遠，shot put 擲鉛球，discus throw 擲鐵餅。

6．Track Events 徑賽項目

100-meter dash 100米賽，400-meter race 400米賽，long distance races 長跑，relay race接力賽，baton 接力棒，4×100-meter relay race 4×100接力賽，sprint 短跑，sprinter 短跑運動員，distance runners 長跑運動員，hur-dlers 跨欄運動員。

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Nice 2006-10-08 16:59 新聞英語標題的特點?省略

有的讀者讀英語報刊，心中無數(shù)，東翻翻，西看看，總想挑容易的文章讀。一篇文章剛看了個頭，一碰到生詞，馬上換一篇。如此這般，換了六、七篇，還沒確定讀哪篇。那么，應該怎么讀？首先要有準備地閱讀，如先大致了解一下某報各版的主要內(nèi)容，然后按照自己的興趣或事先擬訂的閱讀計劃，選定一個版面，有選擇地閱讀。

如果碰到生詞，也要堅定地讀下去。要知道，對于初、中等英語水平的讀者，英語報刊文章很少會不出現(xiàn)生詞。其次要有步驟地閱讀。一般應先讀標題，但由于標題（headline）短而精，不太好懂，不少讀者常常繞開它。這是不明智的。一份英文報紙少則10至20版，多則數(shù)百版。讀者一般時間有限，誰都不可能像讀課文或看小說那樣從頭至尾一字不漏地通讀一遍。我們拿起一份報紙總想迅速找到當天的報道重點或個人感興趣的新聞和文章。怎樣尋找呢？這就需要找個“向導”作介紹。顯然，新聞標題就是十分理想的“向導”。這是因為標題是新聞內(nèi)容的集中和概括，它用簡練的文字濃縮了新聞中最主要或最值得注意的內(nèi)容。英語新聞標題的措詞、語法、修辭乃至標點符號等方面的特點較為突出，現(xiàn)一一予以簡述。1．省略標題是新聞不可分割的組成部分。閱讀英語報紙的新聞標題是我們學習閱讀英語報刊的第一步。這么說絕無夸張之意，從語法角度來看，英語新聞標題有其一套獨特的語法體系，與人們平時常見的英語句子語法有所不同，新聞英語學者稱之為“標題語言”（headlines）。其中，標題中虛詞的省略就是它的重要特點之一。一般而言，標題中虛詞省略現(xiàn)象主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：1）冠詞基本省略。例如：

TENTH OF BRITISH MACKEREL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED（＝A TENTH OF THE BRITISH MACKEEL CATCH GROUND INTO FEED）

英國捕獲鰭魚一成碾為飼料THREE G0RGES FLOODED BY 'FAREWELL' TOURISTS（＝THE THREE GORGES FLOODED BY 'FAREWELL' TOURISTS）惜別之情難以擋游客蜂擁至三峽2）聯(lián)系動詞通常省略。例如： THREE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS

（＝THREE ARE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS）

吸入爐灶煤氣三人窒息身亡CLINTON INAUGURATION MOST EXPENSIVE EVER（＝CLINTON INAUGURATI0N IS M0ST EXPENSIVE EVER）克氏就職典禮花費空前巨大3）助動詞通常省略。例如： FINANCIER KILLED BY BURGLARS（＝A FINANCIER IS KILLED BY BURGLARS）

夜毛賊入室金融家遇害POPE TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY（＝POPE IS TO VISIT JAPAN IN FEBRUARY）教皇擬于二月訪日 INDIA MENDING FENCES（＝INDIA IS MENDING FENCES）

印度正在改善與鄰國的關系4）連詞通常省略，并用逗號代替。例如：

US，VIETNAM RESUME TALKS（＝US AND VIETNAM RESUME TALKS）

美越恢復會談NBC'S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISITI0NS，VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK（=NBC'S PRESIDENT ROBERT WRIGHT SEEKS BIG ACQUISTIONS AND VENTURES FOR THE NETWORK）

“強有力的伙伴”+“可觀的投資”——羅伯特董事長為NBC網(wǎng)絡擴展而奔走此外，英語新聞標題還經(jīng)常省去介詞、代詞等，這些詞的省略并不妨礙讀者的理解。

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Conferences 各類會議術語

assembly 大會 convention 會議 party 晚會, 社交性宴會 at-home party 家庭宴會 tea party 茶會

dinner party 晚餐會 garden party 游園會 dance(party), ball, fandango 舞會 reading party 讀書會 fishing party 釣魚會 sketching party 觀劇會 birthday party 生日宴會 Christmas party 圣誕晚會 luncheon party 午餐會 fancy ball 化妝舞會

commemorative party 紀念宴會

wedding dinner, a wedding reception 結婚宴會 banquet 酒宴

pajama party 睡衣派對 buffet party 立食宴會 cocktail party 雞尾酒會 welcome meeting 歡迎會 farewell party 惜別會

pink tea 公式茶會

new years's banquet 新年會 year-end dinner party 忘年餐會 box supper 慈善餐會 fancy fair 義賣場

general meeting, general assembly 會員大會 congress 代表大會

board of directors 董事會

executive council, executive board 執(zhí)行委員會 standing body 常設機構

committee, commission 委員會

subcommittee 附屬委員會,小組委員會

general committee, general officers, general bureau 總務委員會 secretariat 秘書處

budget committee 預算委員會 drafting committee 起草委員會

committee of experts 專家委員會

advisory committee, consultative committee 顧問委員會,咨詢委員會 symposium 討論會

study group 學習研討會 seminar 講習會,學習討論會

meeting in camera 秘密會議(美作:executive session)opening sitting 開幕會 final sitting 閉幕會 formal sitting 隆重開會

plenary meeting 全會

sitting, meeting 開會(美作:session)session 會期,會議期間(美作:meeting)working party 工作小組

seat, headquarters 席位 governing body 主管團體 round table 圓桌

to sit a meeting, to meet a meeting, to hold a meeting 召開會議--------------------hall 大會 rostrum 講臺 public gallery 旁聽席 notice board 布告牌 to convene, to convoke 召開 convocation 會議

standing orders, by-laws 議事程序 rules of procedure 議事規(guī)則 constitution, statutes 章程 procedure 程序 agenda 議程

timetable, schedule 日程表,時刻表 item on the agenda 議程項目 other business 其他事項 to place on the agenda 列入議程 working paper 工作文件 opening 開幕

the sitting is open 會議開幕 appointment 任命 to appoint 任命,委派

speaker 報告人

to make a speech, to deliver a speech 做報告 to ask for the floor 要求發(fā)言

to give the floor to 同意...發(fā)言(美作:to recognize)to take the floor, to address the meeting 發(fā)言 declaration, statement 聲明

Am I in order? 我這樣做符合議程規(guī)定嗎? call to order 要求遵守秩序

to raise a point of order 提出關于議程的問題 general debate 長時間的討論 receivability 可以接受,可接納 stand 立場,主張

consensus 意見

advisory opinion 顧問意見 proposal 建議

to table a proposal 提出建議 clarification 澄清 comment 評論

to second, to support 贊成 to adopt 通過

to oppose 反對

to raise an objection 提出異議

to move an amendment 提出修正案 to amend 修正

second reading(法案、議案的)二讀 substantive motion 實質性的動議 decision 決定 ruling 裁決 to reject 拒絕,駁回 resolution 決議

draft resolution 決議草案,提案 first draft, preliminary draft 草案初稿 whereases 正式文件的開場白,前言 motivations 表明動機 operative part 生效部分 report 報告

factual report 事實報告 minutes, record 記錄 summary record 摘要紀錄 verbatim record 逐字紀錄

memorandum 備忘錄

to postpone, to adjourn, to put off 推遲,延期 closure 閉幕式

closing speech 閉幕詞

to adjourn the meeting, to close the meeting 散會---------------------member 成員

membership 成員資格

member as of right 法定代表 life member 終身成員

full-fledged member 全權代表 head of delegation 代表團團長 permanent delegate 常駐代表 representative 代表

alternate, substitute 副代表 observer 觀察員

technical adviser 技術顧問 auditor 審計員 office 職務

holder of an office 職稱

honorary president 名譽主席 chairman 主席

presidency, chairmanship, chair 主席團 interim chairman 臨時主席

vice-president, vice-chairman 副主席 rapporteur 文書,秘書

former chairman 前主席(美作:past chairman)director general 局長,處長

deputy director general 副局長,副處長 secretary general 秘書長 executive secretary 執(zhí)行秘書 treasurer 司庫 officials 官員 consultant 顧問 precis writer 記錄(員)full powers 全權 to chair 主持

terms of reference 職權范圍 with a right to vote 有表決權 ushers 招待

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英語翻譯訓練方法

英語翻譯訓練方法之——科技英語的特點與翻譯

任何作品均有特定的文體，原文的文體不同，翻譯方法也隨之而異。試觀察下列幾個片斷的原文及其譯文

“It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job.” “A wonderful job.” “Are you going to take it ?” “I don't think so.” “Why not?' ”I don't want to.“ ”聽說有個很好的工作要你去干。“ ”挺好的工作“。”打算干嗎？“ ”不。“ ”為什么不干？“ ”不想干“。摘自《刀鋒》（The Razor's Edge）

這是小說中的一段對說，屬于口語文體。其特點是：用詞自由，句法結構簡單，短句與省略句多，自然樸素，生活氣息濃厚。在譯文中進一步體現(xiàn)漢語口語的特點，省去主語”你“、”我“；將英語的一個句子I don't think so.干脆譯成一個字”不“，顯得簡潔有力。

She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner.Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.那婦人生著一副綿軟多肉的體格，一張?zhí)孤书_誠的面容，一種天真羞怯的神氣。一雙大落落的柔順眼睛，里邊隱藏著無窮的心事，只有那些對于凄惶無告的窮苦人面目作過同情觀察的人才看得出來。

摘自（珍妮姑娘）（Jennie Gerhardt）,傅東華譯.上面五十一個詞的片斷,就運用了十個形容詞,占五分之一。”and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress“是非常優(yōu)美生動的文學語言，譯文保持了一風格。

MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four-point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.[蒙特利爾電]在全國手球聯(lián)賽中克拉克約翰斯今晚初試鋒芒，引起轟動。上半場領先四分，首開記錄。克拉克發(fā)揮中堅作用，約翰遜市高帽隊終以6:4擊敗蒙特利爾市小鴨隊，創(chuàng)造了連勝八場未負一場的戰(zhàn)績。

這是屬于應用文的新聞文體，其特點是簡明扼要，短小精悍，結構緊湊，筆鋒犀利。上述這則電訊只有一個句子，卻把一場球賽描繪得淋漓盡致，富于吸引力。

The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The fullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.從上述的一段科技文章，不難看出其文體與修辭手段與前面列舉的文藝小說，新聞報道等迥然不同。科技文體崇尚嚴謹周密，概念準確，邏輯性強，行文簡練，重點突出，句式嚴整，少有變化，常用前置性陳述，即在句中將主要信息盡量前置，通過主語傳遞主要信息。科技文章文體的特點是：清晰、準確、精練、嚴密。那末，科技文章的語言結構特色在翻譯過程中如何處理，這是進行英漢科技翻譯時需要探討的問題。現(xiàn)分述如下：

一、大量使用名詞化結構

《當代英語語法》（A Grammar of Contemporary）在論述科技英語時提出，大量使用名詞化結構（Nominalization）是科技英語的特點之一。因為科技文體要求行文簡潔、表達客觀、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大、強調(diào)存在的事實。而非某一行為。

Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.阿基米德最先發(fā)展固體排水的原理。

句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名詞化結構，一方面簡化了同位語從句，另一方強調(diào)displacement 這一事實。

The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.地球繞軸自轉，引起晝夜的變化。

名詞化結構the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使復合句簡化成簡單句，而且使表達的概念更加確切嚴密。

If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss.Can be considerably reduced.爐壁采用耐火磚可大大降低熱耗。

科技英語所表述的是客觀規(guī)律，因之要盡量避免使用第一、二人稱；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。

Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.電視通過無線電波發(fā)射和接受活動物體的圖象。名詞化結構the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 強調(diào)客觀事實，而”謂語動詞則著重其發(fā)射和接受的能力。

二、廣泛使用被動語句

根據(jù)英國利茲大學John Swales 的統(tǒng)計，科技英語中的謂語至少三分之一是被動態(tài)。這是因為科技文章側重敘事推理，強調(diào)客觀準確。第一、二人稱使用過多，會造成主觀臆斷的印象。因此盡量使用第三人稱敘述，采用被動語態(tài)，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.應當注意機器的工作溫度。而很少說：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine.你們必須注意機器的工作溫度。此外，如前所述，科技文章將主要信息前置，放在主語部份。這也是廣泛使用被動態(tài)的主要原因。試觀察并比較下列兩段短文的主語。

We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium.We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance.It is measured in farads.電能可儲存在由一絕緣介質隔開的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)。這樣的裝置稱之為電容器，其儲存電能的能力稱為電容。電容的測量單位是法拉。這一段短文中各句的主語分別為： Electrical energy Such a device

Its ability to store electrical energy

It(Capacitance)它們都包含了較多的信息，并且處于句首的位置，非常醒目。四個主語完全不同，避免了單調(diào)重復，前后連貫，自然流暢。足見被動結構可收簡潔客觀之效。

三、非限定動詞。

如前所述，科技文章要求行文簡練，結構緊湊，為此，往往使用分詞短語代替定語從句或狀語從句；使用分詞獨立結構代替狀語從句或并列分句；使用不定式短語代替各種從句；介詞十動名詞短語代替定語從句或狀語從句。這樣可縮短句子，又比較醒目。試比較下列各組句子。

A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.直流電是一種總是沿同一方向流動的電流。

Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.熱量由地球輻射出來時，使得氣流上升。

A body can more uniformly and in a straight line,there being no cause to change that motion.如果沒有改變物體運動的原因，那么物體將作勻速直線運動。

Vibrating objects produce sound waves ,each vibration producing one sound wave.振動著的物體產(chǎn)生聲波，每一次振動產(chǎn)生一個聲波。

In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another.在通訊系統(tǒng)中，電子學要解決的問題是如何把信息從一個地方傳遞到另一個地方。Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.結構材料的選擇應使其在外界條件中保持其彈性。

There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.將能量從一種形式轉變成另一種形式有各種不同的方法。

In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn ,messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.使無線電波依次對每一個聲音作出相應變化時，信息就由廣播電臺傳遞到接收機。

四、后置定語

大量使用后置定語也是科技文章的特點之一。常見的結構不以下五種：

1、介詞短語

The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.由于摩擦而產(chǎn)生的力稱之為摩擦力。A call for paper is now being issued.征集論文的通知現(xiàn)正陸續(xù)發(fā)出。

2、形容詞及形容詞短語。

In this factory the only fuel available is coal.該廠唯一可用的燃料是煤。

In radiation ,thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy ,similar in nature to light.熱能在輻射時，轉換成性質與光相似的輻射能。

3、副詞

The air outside pressed the side in.外面的空氣將桶壁壓得凹進去了。

The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.向上的力與向下的力相等，所以氣球就保持在這一高度。

4、單個分詞，但仍保持校強的動詞意義。The results obtained must be cheeked.獲得的結果必須加以校核

The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.產(chǎn)生的熱量等于浪費了的電能。

5、定語從句

During construction, problems often arise which require design changes.在施工過程中，常會出現(xiàn)需要改變設計的問題。

The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them.分子相互間都存在著力的作用，該力的大小取決于它們之間的距離。

Very wonderful changes in matter take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(定語從句to which we pay little attention 修飾的是changes,這是一種分隔定語從句。)我們幾乎沒有注意的很奇異的物質變化每天都在眼前發(fā)生。

To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 235,in which all the atoms are available for fission.制造原子彈，我們必須用鈾235，因為軸的所有原子都會裂變。

五、常用句型

科技文章中經(jīng)常使用若干特定的句型，從而形成科技文體區(qū)別于其他文體的標志。例如It---that---結構句型；被動態(tài)結構句型；結構句型，分詞短語結構句型，省略句結構句型等。舉例如下：

It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.顯然，潤滑好的軸承，比不潤滑的軸承容易轉動。

It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.看來這兩個科學分支是相互依存，相互作用的。

It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.已經(jīng)證明，感應電壓使電流的方向與產(chǎn)生電流的磁場力方向相反。It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.直到十九世紀人們才認識到熱是能量的一種形式。Computers may be classified as analog and digital.計算機可分為模擬計算機和數(shù)字計算機兩種。

The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times.新型晶體管的開關時間縮短了三分之二。（或---縮短為三分之一。）This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here.人們認為這種合金鋼是這里能提供的最好的合金鋼。Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light.電磁波傳送的速度和光速相同。

Microcomputers are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig.5.如圖5所示，微型計算機體積很小。

In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air.聲音在水中的傳播速度幾乎是在空氣中傳播速度的五倍。Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.氧與氫比較，重量大約是它的十六倍。

The resistance being very high ,the current in the circuit was low.由于電阻很大，電路中通過的電流就小。Ice keeps the same temperature while melting.冰在溶化時，其溫度保持不變。

An object, once in motion ,will keep on moving because of its inertia.物體一旦運動，就會因慣性而持續(xù)運動。

All substances ,whether gaseous ,liquid or solid ,are made of atoms.一切物質，不論是氣態(tài)、液態(tài)，還是固態(tài)，都由原子組成。

六、長句

為了表述一個復雜概念，使之邏輯嚴密，結構緊湊，科技文章中往往出現(xiàn)許多長句。有的長句多達七八個詞，以下即是一例。

The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations ,and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.為了解釋光學現(xiàn)象，人們曾試圖假定有一種具有與彈性固體相同的物理性質的介質。這種子嘗試的結果，最初曾使人們了解到一種能傳輸橫向振動的具有上述假定所以認為的那種物理性質的發(fā)光介質。

七、復合詞與縮略詞

大量使用復合詞與縮略詞是科技文章的特點之一，復合詞從過去的雙詞組合發(fā)展到多詞組合；縮略詞趨向于任意構詞，例如某一篇論文的作者可以就僅在該文中使用的術語組成縮略詞，這給翻譯工作帶來一定的困難。例如： full-enclosed 全封閉的（雙詞合成形容詞）feed-back反饋（雙詞合成名詞）work-harden 加工硬化（雙詞合成詞）

criss-cross交叉著（雙詞合成副詞）

on-and-off-the-road路面越野兩用的（多詞合成形容詞）

anti-armoured-fighting-vehicle-missile反裝甲車導彈（多詞合成名詞）radiophotography無線電傳真（無連字符復合詞）colorimeter色度計（無連字符復合詞）maths(mathematics)數(shù)學（裁減式縮略詞）lab(laboratory)實驗室 ft(foot/feet)英尺

cpd(compound)化合物

FM(frequency modulation)調(diào)頻（用首字母組成的縮略詞）P.S.I.(pounds per square inch)磅/英寸

SCR(silicon controlled rectifier)可控硅整流器 TELESAT(telecommunications satellite)通信衛(wèi)星（混成法構成的縮略詞）

根據(jù)上述的科技文章的物占，在翻譯過程中就要注意各種不同的翻譯技巧與方法。例如被動 態(tài)的譯法、長句的處理方法、倍數(shù)的譯法等等。