第一篇:英語四六級考試沖刺班內部筆記
英語四六級考試沖刺班內部筆記
完型填空
1、完形考試的特點和測試點:
1)文章不會太長(240-300);一般來說第一句都是主題句;一般每隔4-15個詞會有一個空; Choose the best one and mark...;任何一個空都是整篇文章的一部分; 2)題目不難,詞匯不難
做題時要考慮整篇文章的信息背景而不是一句話的信息背景;
完形的文章體裁:基本上都是以議論文和說明文為主,極個別時會有夾敘夾議,極偶爾時會有敘述文 完形的特點:一般會有鮮明的主題;有完整的形式;簡潔明了;經常采用總分結構;
完形考試的測試點:閱讀能力:對文章整體的把握和理解(要讀出文章的主題;讀出文章的導向或作者態度)
要讀懂文章上下段、上下句之間的關系;還要讀懂句子內部結構;
英語知識運用的能力:語法:(占20%-30%)習慣用語:(占10%)詞義的辨析和使用:(占60%-70%)
詞義的辨析和使用中的幾個誤區:只知其一,不知其它; 只知大概,不知具體; 只知認詞,不知辨詞; 只知詞義,不知使用。用中文的思維,替代英文詞的詞義。
1、英文的很多詞匯都是多意詞,而詞匯辨析往往就要靠詞的多重意義; 2、只知道詞的大致含義,不知道它具體的解釋; 3、分辨不出形進次; 4、知道詞義,不知使用; 以往完形題中詞性的分布:
1動詞(20%);2名詞(16%);3形容詞和副詞(24%)實詞——容易出詞義辨析
4連詞(16%);5介詞(10%);6代詞(10%)虛詞——容易考語法和習慣分配 2、今年完形考試變化的規律:
從題量來看:在2000年以前為老題型,10道題,文章長度在150-180字左右;
在2001年以后題量增加到20道題,文章長度在240-300字左右。
分值還是10分;
從題材來看:在96年以前以科普類文章為主;
從97年以后以社會科學類文章為主;
按大趨勢來說社科類文章會占主流;
科普類文章的一些特點:時態比較簡單,一般以現在時為主;
文章結構簡單,句子以判斷句為主; 為什么說新題型比舊題型難 是因為閱讀量增加了嗎?不是
是因為新題型大量使用了復雜句(復合句);以94與2001年考題為例 為什么說復雜句難?句子內部結構復雜
要注意找句子的基本結構,先找道主干,而后逐層向下分析。3、做完形題的程序: 做完形題不能只憑感覺做題。
錯誤的做題程序:按照題目順序,邊讀邊做; 正常的做題程序:
1、先做整體通讀:通過整體通讀應讀出:1.讀出文章的中心(focus);
2.讀出文章的導向或作者的基本態度;
通讀時應注意:不求甚解,重點讀首句或首段。
讀完首段后可先讀尾段再度其它。
除首句外部必讀的很細,耗時不能超過3分鐘。
2、以段為單位,按段精讀,按段理解,按段做題;
段本身就是具有獨立意義的一群。
3、盡心最后的通讀檢查(review);
建議不要做完后立刻review,可以過一段時間再進行這一步。
完形題的總體規則:通過已有的信息去發掘未知的信息。通過對已知信息歸類、分析、最后總結出最有關聯的信息。整體的信息(文章中心,導向,作者態度)與所有題目都有關系 4、完形題上下段,上下句之間的集中邏輯關系:
1、并列:標志詞:and;and also;or;neither nor;either or;in the same way;that is to say;similarly;likewise;equally
并列這種邏輯關系在完形中更多的表現為不轉折的意思。
2、轉折:標志詞:but;however;on the contrary;by contrast;on the other hand;unfortunately;3、遞進:標志詞:then;besides;in addition;additionally;futher more;what is more;moreover 4、因果:標志詞:because;for;since;as;therefore;consequently;hence;so;accordingly;5、讓步:標志詞:although;though;even though;even if;nevertheless;despite;in spite of;首先要了解考研英語考試的特點:考研英語考的是真實的英語水平。5、復習完形填空:首先要從語法入手。
1、用一個月時間趙譯本好的語法書,仔細看一遍。
2、知道考試之前,語法不能扔,有時間就應復習一下。
3、見依靠張道真的語法書,但要找到一套相應的聯系題。
其次是詞匯的題。考研大綱要求掌握5000-7000個詞匯,能用來考完形填空的詞匯有1500-1600個,做到:既知其一,也知
其它:既要知大概,又要知具體;既要知認詞,又要知辯詞;既要知詞義,又要知使用。
一定要把基礎打牢。掌握了規律和方法,完形填空并不難。
在考前一個月的時間,作綜合練習。要注意算準時間,給自己緊迫感。6、關于復現的概念的說明,復現是詞匯之間銜接的一種手段.有一些詞是以原詞重復出現,例如:2001年
或不用原詞,用另外一個詞匯表達相同的意思,例如:99年 復現的核心是把同樣的意義再表現一遍。7、完型題目中科普類文章的一些特點 1、事態比較簡單,以一般現在時為主; 2、文章結構不會太復雜;
3、句子結構也比較簡單,以簡單句為主,以判斷句式為主; 8、完型題中關于代詞的出題點:
1、代詞指代:注意:代詞指代不遵循就近原則。代詞指代要根據邏輯關系來判斷。2、是特指還是泛指。
9、句子結構對應成分分析法: 完型文章上下句之間或句子內部常有鮮明的邏輯關系。根據這種邏輯關系可以分析句子內部結構之間或上下句之間的對應成分。
必須要找到對于作出未知信息相關的已知信息。找出與題目對應的成分,通過分析已知的成分和它之間的邏輯關系來做出題目。10、有關同線作題法:
復線:當文章中某要表達和以前相同的意思是選用與原詞意義相近的其它詞。同線:用一組具有同傾向的詞匯來進行描述。
因為完型文章都具有鮮明的導向性,作者為了表達這種導向性必然要用同一組具有同傾向概念的詞來寫。(這種詞不一定是形容詞)
11、完型作題時間,20分鐘基本夠用。
完型填空與閱讀理解不同,閱讀理解時間越長,作題正確率越高。完型填空不會出現因時間不足,造成文章的信息讀不到或讀不懂的情況。文章讀不懂不是因為時間的問題,而是因為英語基礎和讀復雜句的能力。12、完型填空總結:
一、按照詞性不同,總結每種詞做題的切入點。
1、動詞的切入點:
切入點:找到相關的信息點,通過分析這些已知信息點,猜出未知的信息點,如何找到相關的信息點即為切入點。
(1)在語法上、意義上、邏輯上看主謂搭配的合適性,即看主語。
要看主語是人還是事務,主語可不可能做出這個動作。
例:doubt v.懷疑,這是人的心理活動,主語只能是人不能是物。
be impressed by 被留下深刻印象,主語只能是人不能是物。
manifest vt.表明,證明,主語只能是物,不能是人。
邏輯上的搭配是否合理。
(2)看賓語,看動賓搭配的合適性。
看這個動詞的物理性,還是抽象性。有的只有物理意義,沒有抽象意義,賓語只能是物理概念;
有的動詞只有抽象意義,沒有物理意義,它的賓語只能是抽象概念;有的兩者都有,它的賓語兩者都可以。
例:117頁32題,fasten vt.系緊,只有物理概念,賓語只能是物理性的東西。
116頁45題,enhance v.提高,只有抽象概念,賓語只能是抽象性的東西。
(3)看動詞的極物性和不及物性。
(4)根據動詞后所跟的介詞來判斷。
當動詞后面有to的時候,要判斷是不定式的to ,還是介詞的to.例:117頁45
(5)考慮句子中其他的對動詞構成限制性修飾的成分,例如副詞、形容詞等。
例:116頁44
old
2、形容詞的切入點:
(1)當形容詞作表語,即系表結構的時候,主要看主語和表語搭配的合適性。要看主語是人還是物,不是所有的形容詞都能修飾人或物。
例:110頁49. 例:121頁47.
(2)形容詞直接修飾名詞或名詞性詞組,構成修飾與被修飾的關系,看它們的合適性。
A.是否具有同質性。
B.褒貶意義的一致性。
(3)形容詞修飾的名詞,已經受其他修飾成分的修飾,比如另一個形容詞或定于從句,要選擇的形容詞應根據其他的修飾成分來判斷。例:117頁33
(4)當形容詞出現在總句中的時候,要通過分析總句后面的分句來判斷。例:116頁47
(5)當有副詞修飾形容詞的時候,通過這個副詞來判斷。例:117頁44(6)在完型填空中,一些動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞經常出關聯題。例:alive and active 3、名詞的切入點:
(1)名詞做主語的時候,看主謂搭配或主表搭配的合適性。
看這個動作或標語能否用于人,即這個動作是不是人能做出的動作。
(2)名詞作賓語的時候,看動賓搭配的合適性。
看這個動詞是抽象意義還是物理意義,名詞是抽象概念還是物理概念。
(3)名詞前后出現介詞的時候,可能通過介詞來判斷。例:in terms of 根據,按照 by means of 依靠 explanation for
(4)褒貶意義的一致性,正式語體的一致性。
例:117頁39 exposure n.暴露、揭露、曝光
exposure scandal release 過于正式,后面加的名詞也應該是很正式的語體。
(5)注意名詞的專業術語,找到它所在的領域。例:claim 索賠 insurance
119頁23 只有medium是專業術語
(6)當名詞處于先行詞的位置,即后面有定語從句、同位語從句,要通過分析后面的定語從句、同位語從句來選擇這個名詞。
4、副詞的切入點:
(1)找到被修飾成分,看用該詞修飾是否合適。
要看副詞在意義和程度上的合適性,和副詞的絕對性和相對性。例:114頁46 completely(2)修飾與被修飾成分,保持褒貶意義的一致性。例:123頁31 fortunately與agreeable 一致
13、關于切入點:
1、表明作題的程序:第一步看主謂,第二步看動賓;
2、有的題只要考慮一個信息點就可以做出來,但更多的題要同時考慮多點。做完型題的流程:
1、通過閱讀,讀出信息,要求有三個讀的能力;
(1)文章整體的把握;(2)上下句之間的邏輯關系;(3)句子內部結構。
2、在讀出信息的基礎上開始作題,根據已知的信息猜出未知的信息。找出跟題目相關聯的信息點。
(1)整體的信息,包含文章的focus,包含文章的整個導向和作者的態度;對每一道題都是有關聯的。
(2)每道題所涉及的specific的信息點。
完型題最常用的問題結構:總分結構。
總述句常常是判斷句,informative sentence。14、做完型題的方法:
1、無關詞排除法:看選項中那個詞與文章主體沒有關系,排除掉;
例:117頁35 publicity n.公開 penalty n.處罰、罰款 popularity n.普及,流行,聲望 peculiarity n.特性,怪癖
2、同現法:作者用一組有同傾向概念的詞表達文章導向或作者的態度; 例:111頁43 mysterious 3、句子結構對應成分分析法,找出與題目相對應的成分,即已知信息;
例:112頁45、頻度副詞 134頁41、與serious對立的 123頁32、與ear相對應 22、than 常連接兩個對等成分
I live in this house rather _____.a.villa b.apartment c.private room d.in the dormitory 4、在完型中時間概念的意義,對作題形成限制性的邏輯關系。
例:114頁 from 1750 to 1850;from 1650 to 1750;
119頁 20th century...15th and 16th centuries...19th century 總分結構,形容詞在總述句中的作題方法:
1、在分述句中找答案,動詞、名詞、副詞都有這種特性,形容詞的出題性更大。
2、只要表達修飾和被修飾之間的關系,都含有褒貶一致性、同質性。
完型填空沖刺班 大綱樣題:
During the 1980s, unemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent.Some countries did not _31_ enough food;basic needs in housing and clothing were not _32_.Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations _33_solutions._34_, problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations.Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very _35_.It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly_36_ workers are needed to _37_and repair the equipment.These workers must be strained, _38_ many nations do not have the necessary training institutions.Thus must be sent abroad to _40_ vocational and professional training._41_just to beginning, the students must _42_learn English, French, German, or Japanese.The students then students must _42_ learn English, German, or Japanese.The students then spend many years abroad, and _43_ do not return home.All nations agree that science and technology _44_be shared.The point is: countries _45_ the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully _46_ the costs, because many of these costs are _47_ Students from these nations should _48_ the problems of the industrialized countries closely._49_care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, _50_the benefits.31.[A]generate [B]raise [C]produce [D]manufacture 32.[A]answered [B]met [C]calculated [D]remembered 33.[A]for [B]without [C]as [D]about 34.[A]Moreover [B]Therefore [C]Anyway [D]However 35.[A]expensive [B]mechanical [C]flourishing [D]complicated 36.[A]gifted [B]skilled [C]trained [D]versatile 37.[A]keep [B]maintain [C]retain [D]protect 38.[A]since [B]so [C]and [D]yet 39.[A]charge [B]price [C]cost [D]value 40.[A]accept [B]gain [C]receive [D]absorb 41.[A]Frequently [B]Incidentally[C]Deliberately [D]Eventually 42.[A]soon [B]quickly [C]Deliberately [D]Eventually 43.[A]some [B]others [C]several [D]few 44.[A]might [B]should [C]would [D]will 45.[A]adopting [B]conducting [C]receiving [D]adjusting 46.[A]to [B]at [C]on [D]about 47.[A]opaque [B]secret [C]sealed [D]hidden 48.[A]tackle [B]learn [C]study [D]manipulate 49.[A]In [B]Through [C]With [D]Under 50.[A]except [B]nor [C]or [D]but developed countries發達國家 developing countries發展中國家
作者有一個基本的導向:發展中國家應當向發達國家學習最深層次的導向:發展中國家應怎樣向發達國家學習:carefully unemployment不充分就業,一天不超過6小時 31.C generate 生產,產生 raise 撫養 manufacture 生產、制造 manufacturer 制造商
produce 生產、制造 /'prodju:s/ n.產品總稱 product n.產品,產物 發音:'desert沙漠和de'ssert餐后甜點的發音 soup湯和soup肥皂 32.B meet 遇到 satisfy 滿意
注意作者的排比句:這是一種鋪墊的寫法
33.A look to sb.sth.for...求助于某人某事為了……
34.D industrialized nations 工業國家 copying 翻譯為照搬,與上一句是轉折關系。本句是插入成分,起到承上啟下的作用
35.A 本句直接定義出發達國家的工業有什么特點。本題必須在分述找答案。labor-intensive 勞動密集型產業 開始對總述進行分述 expensive即cost high complicated 復雜的(中文的復雜暗含有先進的意思,但英文沒有)sophisticated 復雜的,精致的
36.B gifted 有天賦的 versatile 多才多藝的 highly trained workers 語法不對 應是 well trained highly skilled workers 高度技能的工人
37.B 先看主謂搭配,再看動賓搭配,最后考慮和repair有and的關系 keep 保持,保留 retain 去偽存真的保留 maintenance 維護,保養 maintain v.維護,保養
maintain and repair 維修,maintain、repair是兩個動詞關聯成分 38.D 轉折
39.C charge收費,price具體價格,value表示價值,外延太廣,cost成本 分述一: 以上四點都是由于機器的高度自動化 分述二:cost 變高了,采用總分對照的形式
40.C vocational and professional training 職業培訓 vocation n.假期 vocational 職業的
gain 得到,獲得(權力、金錢等)absorb 吸收(光熱)receive 收到 accept 心理上的接受
41.A incidentally 偶然地 deliberately 故意的 eventually 最終 frequently 通常的
42.D 找到后面的線索,根據上下文的行文習慣選出first 43.A 44.B 考語法現象:agree, ask, demand, propose, suggest, dream 都表達人類心里的期望
語法上本句要求使用虛擬語氣,把should 記成“應當”的意思,可以省略 45.A 把前后兩個已知線索連接起來,adopting 采納,采用 copying, importing已經定義了窮國和發達國家之間的關系
總結:這種題型叫復現。同現是分布在文章不同位置重點詞匯的銜接手段。復現也是分布在文章不同位置重點詞匯的銜接手段。復現是指同樣的意思在文章不同的地方重復出現。第一種辦法:用同樣的詞(原詞)
第二種方法:用不同樣的詞在文章不同的地方表示同樣的意思。
其出題的意義:文章中有三個復現的詞,A和B是已知,第三個詞是未知的,讓大家來選。A和B兩個復現詞是第三個詞的相關線索。前兩個復現詞是importing, coping 它們定位了窮國和發達國家工業之間的關系。
第二篇:新東方英語四六級超強整理筆記
好強的英語系某人的整理~~(看了這些想不過四六級都難~~~)2009-07-24 20:00 |(分類:默認分類)英語四六級寫作25個加分句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名詞 +(that)+ 主詞 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)~~~ the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 +(that)+ 主詞 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。
Mr.Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.張老師是我曾經遇到最仁慈的教師。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V 例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.沒有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么強調...的重要性也不為過。)
例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我們再怎么強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
四、There is no denying that + S + V...(不可否認的...)
例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否認的,我們的生活品質已經每況愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~(全世界都知道...)例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~(毫無疑問的...)
例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子(...的優點是...)
例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create(produce)any pollution.使用太陽能的優點是它不會制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子(...的原因是...)例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。
九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子(如此...以致于...)例句:So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.時間是如此珍貴,我們經不起浪費它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主詞)+ be, S + V~~~(雖然...)
例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.{by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不} 雖然我們的國家富有,我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~the + more + Adj + S + V~~~(愈...愈...)
例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.你愈努力,你愈進步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我們書讀愈多,我們愈有學問。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~(借著...,..能夠..)例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.借著做運動,我們能夠始終保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受詞)+ to + V(..使..能夠..)例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~(我們絕對不能...)例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。
十五、It is time + S + 過去式(該是...的時候了)
例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.該是有關當局采取適當的措施來解決交通問題的時候了。
十六、Those who ~~~(...的人...)
例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.違反交通規定的人應該受處罰。
十七、There is no one but ~~~(沒有人不...)例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.沒有人不渴望上大學。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V(不得不...)
例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考試迫在眉睫,我不得不放棄做運動。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子(可想而知的)It is obvious that + 句子(明顯的)It is apparent that + 句子(顯然的)
例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知,知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~(那就是...的原因)
例句:Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don’t like it.夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 時間,S + 現在完成式...(過去...年來,...一直...)例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.過去兩年來,我一直忙著準備考試。
二十二、Since + S + 過去式,S + 現在完成式。
例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.自從他上高中,他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~(...是值得的。)例句:It pays to help others.幫助別人是值得的。
二十四、be based on(以...為基礎)
例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社會的進步是以和諧為基礎的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V(不遺余力的)
例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我們應該不遺余力的美化我們的環境。
還有下面這些是我正在讀的一些原版書里的好句子
You can never have too much sky.You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky, and sky can keep you safe when you are sad.Here there is too much sadness and not enough sky.Butterflies too are few and so are flowers and most things that are beautiful.Still, we take what we can get and make the best of。你永遠不能擁有太多的天空。你可以在天空下睡去,醒來又沉醉。在你憂傷的時候,天空會給你安慰。可是憂傷太多,天空不夠,蝴蝶不夠,花兒也不夠。大多美好的東西都不夠。于是,我們去我們所能,好好的享用。——《芒果街上的小屋》
IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that(a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.)這是一條舉世皆知的真理,那就是...(套進去^^)——《傲慢與偏見》
There is no royal road to(science.)......路上無坦途。——馬克思。有的時候一個很好的單詞作用也是非常強大的哦~可以替換以下哈~這些都是傳說中的big words~ 1.important =crucial(extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)2.common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)1 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)1 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something;ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)' 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it.FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summit 11.competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)1 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish 16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)17.complain=grumble(complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree), fundamental 19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel 21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her 24.small=minuscule(very small), minute, V.A.B8 Q6 w, p$ S 25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly 27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)+ 30.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)+ 32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)% [-?0 B/ X: V 33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)0 U!V0 e/ a" h0 L8 ~ 34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail(attack violently 35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate(it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)4 40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm), fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)# 43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive 46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her.FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)/ { 52.nowadays=currently 53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)(h 56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest 58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly 61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)8 65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable 68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)74.use= utilize(the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship 79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)# 82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos 85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/ 90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^ 92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/ 97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly 99.rare=infrequent(doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)以下是其他的搜集
英語寫作常用句型
(一)段首句
1.關于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……
There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest that ____.2.俗話說(常言道)……,它是我們前輩的經歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場合仍然適用。
There is an old saying______.Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3.現在,……,它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先,……; 其次,……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.現在,……很普遍,許多人喜歡……,因為……,另外(而且)……。
Nowadays,it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides,______.5.任何事物都是有兩面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不 利的一面。Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.關于……人們的觀點各不相同,一些人認為(說)……,在他們看 來,……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7.人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……,這個問題變得越來越嚴重。Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8.……已成為人的關注的熱門話題,特別是在年青人當中,將引發激烈 的辯論。
______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用,它給我們帶來了許 多好處,但同時也引發一些嚴重的問題。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10.根據圖表/數字/統計數字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可 以看出……。很顯然……,但是為什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while.Obviously,______,but why?
(二)中間段落句 1.相反,有一些人贊成……,他們相信……,而且,他們認為……。On the contrary,there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time,they say____.2.但是,我認為這不是解決……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的 是……。
But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.3.……對我們國家的發展和建設是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction.First,______.Whats more, _____.Most important of all,______.4.有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先,我們可以……。There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______ 5.面臨……,我們應該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……。一方 面……,另一方面,Confronted with______,we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing,______For another,______ 6.早就應該拿出行動了。比如說……,另外……。所有這些方法肯定 會……。
It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.7.為什么……?第一個原因是……;第二個原因是……;第三個原因 是……。總的來說,……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8.然而,正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣,……也有它的不利的一 面,象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.盡管如此,我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
第三篇:英語四六級考試作文萬能
英語四六級考試作文萬能模板
第一段:陳述現狀段
(溫馨提示:文章的第1、2句;主要用來寫當前的某個社會現狀、趨勢;共有5種開篇寫法,沒有固定的標準選哪種,選擇一種容易下手的去寫,下文將相關話題都舉出來了)
文章第一句話:
1)第一句的第一種寫法:就某事,人們又熱烈討論
There is a heated discussion whether(通常用在選擇性話題:是否年級小出國,是否有必要參加?)
they should live off campus or live together with other roommates.(住在校外,還是和同學共住)
students should be asked to grade their teacher(是否學生應該要求給老師打分)
students should take a part-time job in school(是否學生在校期間應該找兼職)
2)第一句的第二種寫法:某事引發人們關注(不用寫事情的經過,用一個詞兒代替事情過程)
Recently,the problem of “”has aroused wide concern among the public
Currently,he phenomenon of drunken driving has arouse wide concern among the public(酒后駕駛)
Currently,the frequent job-hopping of graduates has aroused wide concern among the public.(跳槽)
Currently,the problem of “food safety” has aroused wide concern among the public.(食品安全)
3)第一句的第三種寫法:社會現象變成某個“詞”(這種寫法最大的魅力也是,將事件過程壓縮成一個詞!)
The newly-coined word/phrase“”may by no means sound strange to most people in this day and age.(“”中填進的詞有:nude picture scandal艷照門丑聞; water shortage缺水;
online education網絡教育;fake diplomas假證書;craze for talent shows 選秀狂熱)
4)第一句的第四種寫法:社會趨勢(一般都寫在“有越來越多的人干什么去了”這樣的社會現狀)
There is a growing tendency nowadays that?
graduates in mounting numbers can hardly find an ideal job(就業難)
people in mounting numbers show great enthusiasm for volunteer works/ various talent shows(選秀熱)
students in mounting numbers show great enthusiasm for students leaders selection(競選班干部熱)
people in mounting numbers participate in the test for national civil servants.(公務員熱)
undergraduates in growing numbers take the postgraduate entrance examination(考研熱)
people in mounting numbers try their luck to buy lottery tickets(買彩票熱)
people in mounting numbers use credit card.(信用卡熱)
注:people in mounting numbers 都表示“越來越多的人”,切忌寫:more and more people,找死!
5)第一句的第五種寫法:某個現象人盡皆知(一般寫比較大的,比較嚴重的社會問題)
No one in China has failed to notice the phenomenon that?
that goods in mounting numbers are wrapped in flaring boxes or bags(過度包裝問題)
that there has been a steady rise in the number of rural laborers who swarm into big cities.(農工進城)
The economy has been developing at a considerably high speed at the expense of living environment.(經濟發展以犧牲環境為代價)
文章第二句話:
(溫馨提示:陳述正反觀點;你只要說,針對某個事情,人們看法存在不一樣就行,不要再第一段就開始具體論述雙方的觀點各是什么!)
Does anyone hold the same attitude towards this issue ?Definitely not,actually,opinions vary from person to person.第二段:對立觀點論述段
(溫馨提示:文章的第3,4,5,6四句話,都寫在第二段;這是字數最多,內容最豐滿的一段,稱為“豬肚”)
文章第三句話:
(提出正方觀點,比如說他支持什么;總體來說,有兩種表示支持的說法)
Some maintain that(表示“認為”的單詞,打死都不寫“think”;maintain/argue/hold/claim都可以寫)
1)某物是有好處的:something is beneficial to sth.(練習:跳槽對學生有利)
2)某物優點>缺點:The merits of sth.far outweigh its demerits.(練習:用手機的優點>缺點)
文章第四句話:
(上句提出了論點,這句就必須要用論據來證明,論據可以寫一個,也可若干個;個數的標準是字數達標)
Firstly,?secondly,?last but not least,?.(萬能理由:這個只能在新東方小虹的六級寫作課堂聽啦!)
文章第五句話:
(既是正反對立觀點作文,第三句提出正方觀點,那么這句當然要提出對立觀點啦!)
However,quite a few people hold the opposite opinion that(反方觀點),1)某物是有壞處:something is detrimental to sth.2)某物缺點>優點: The demerits of sth.far outweigh itsmerits.(merits 代替advantages)
文章第六句話:
(上句提出了論點,這句就必須要用論據來證明,論據可以寫一個,也可若干個;個數的標準是字數達標)
For one thing,? for another,?
第三段:個人觀點段
(文章的第7,8,9句;四六級作文,包括考研作文,都要求寫essay-議論文,短評,所以,寫了上述對立觀點的目的,其實就是為了最后提出自己的觀點!)
文章第七句話:To my way of thinking,? From my perspective, + 個人觀點句(參見第三、五)
文章第八句話:(上句提出了論點,這句就必須要用論據來證明,論據可以寫一個,也可若干個;個數的標準是字數達標)In the first place,? in the second place,?(萬能理由)
文章第九句話:(再次重申自己的觀點,和第七句話正好構成“總分總結構”)
Given all the factors I have outlined,I strongly commit to the notion that(觀點句)
或者是:Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the idea that?
模板二:問題解決作文 {3段9句話}
(溫馨提示:全文寫3段共9句話;第一段提出問題,第二段分析問題,第三段解決問題——亞里士多德三段論!)
第一段:陳述現狀段
(溫馨提示:文章的第1、2句;主要用來寫當前的某個社會現狀、趨勢;共有5種開篇寫法,沒有固定的標準選哪種,選擇一種容易下手的去寫,下文將相關話題都舉出來了)
文章第一句話:
(溫馨提示:第一句話的功能,就是介紹文章寫作背景,社會現狀;所以呢,寫法和“對立觀點作文”的文章第一段,第一句的寫法是完全一樣的!)
The past several years have witnessed a not uncommon phenomenon that?(社會現象).文章第二句話:
具體描述
(將文章第一句話所講的抽象的、大體的社會現象,用具體的文字描述一下,增加字數,只能這么做了!)
舉例:
(第一句)Nowadays, the phenomenon of drunken driving has arouse wide concern among the public.(第二句)Especially the young generation living in metropolis, tend to drive after drinking, ignoring the fact that this behavior may pose underlying threat totheir precious life and may even endanger others.第二段:原因或危害陳述段(分析問題)
文章第三句話:
(過渡句,引發討論某個社會問題、現象產生的原因)
Ample reasons can account for this phenomenon,and the followings might be the most critical ones:
文章第四句話:
(提出某個社會問題、現象產生的原因;具體寫幾個原因,根據字數情況斟酌)
Firstly,? secondly,?.(萬能理由)
文章第五句話:
(提出如果我們不關注這個問題,后果很嚴重!)
The problem mentioned above will bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye and deaf ear to it.(翻譯:如果我們對這個問題視而不見,聽而不聞,將產生嚴重后果)
文章第六句話:
(危害和后果分別是什么呢?)
On the one hand, ? on the other hand,?
第三段:原因或危害陳述段(解決問題)
文章第七句話:
(號召句,“放空話”!號召大家趕緊采取措施,投入關注等等)
Effective measures should be adopted before things get worse.文章第八句話:
(采取什么措施呢?這個在考前你都可以背下來,考試的時候用上去就好!)
First and foremost,(措施).1)揚善去惡:(兩面性問題,比如手機,彩票等等)
What we should do is to encourage the merits and diminish the demerits to the least extent
2)大家聯合起來:(一般用在解決學生的問題,心理健康啊,網癮啊等等)
It is high time that parents,educators,and the authorities make combined efforts to put an end to this situation.3)個人意識:(提高環境保護的意識等等)
The public should enhance their consciousness of the significance of ?
4)采取行動:(這句話純粹就是湊字數的)
We must press forward on deeper research,but research alone is inadequate, actually,any one of us has good reason to take actions to?
5)加強教育:(一般用在涉及面比較廣的社會問題)
A public education campaign should be launched to inform the public of the importance of
6)政府出臺:(一般用在比較大的,比較嚴重的社會問題,如節約問題,浪費問題等等)It is essential that the authorities should make and implement relevant laws and regulations to impose a heavy penalty on those who(contaminate the environment deliberately)
7)呼吁相關部門加強監管:(一般用在比較大的,比較嚴重的社會問題。如質量問題,假冒產品問題)
We should appeal to the relevant administration departments to strengthen supervision over
文章第九句話:
(采取了措施之后,當然要有美好的遠景啊!)
1)只有采取措施,我們才能:
Only with these measures adopted can we put an end to this problem.(結束這個問題)
Only in this way can(graduates find a satisfactory job and enjoy a brilliant future.)
2)采取了這些措施以后
With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that this problem can be perfectly solved in the near future(我們有理由相信問題一定能完美解決)
With these measure adopted, I strongly believe that the problem of(drunken driving)will be things of the past.(這個問題將會成為過去式)
3)我堅信生活美好:
It is deeply-rooted in my mind that a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to ?
第四篇:英語四六級考試萬能作文
大學英語四六級考試萬能作文模板
在CET4/6試題中,有兩個拉分最厲害的部分,一是聽力題,一是作文題。,跟漢語作文的“起承轉合”類似,英語作文其實也有固定模式,我到那里一看,果然有五個模板,認真拜讀一遍之后,不由得大吃二驚。第一驚的是:我們中國真是高手如林,多么復雜、困難的問題,都能夠迎刃而解,實在佩服之極。第二驚的是:“八股文”這朵中國傳統文化的奇葩,在凋謝了一百多年之后,竟然又在中華大地上重新含苞怒放,真是可喜可賀。
感慨之后,轉入正題。這五個模板,在結構上大同小異,掌握一種即可,所以我從中挑選了一個最簡單、最實用的,稍加修改,給各位介紹一下。這個模板的中文大意是:在某種場合,發生某種現象,并提供一些相關數據,然后列出這種現象的三個原因,并將三個原因總結為一個最主要原因,最后提出避免這種現象的兩個辦法。總的來說,利用這個模板寫英語作文,是相當容易的,您只要將適當的內容,填寫到對應的方括號中,一篇通順的英語作文即可完成。下面就是這個模板。
Nowadays, there are more and more [某種現象] in [某種場合].It is estimated that [相關數據].Why have there been so many [某種現象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up, the main cause of [某種現象] is due to [最主要原因].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解決辦法一].On the other hand, [解決辦法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某種現象].為便于讀者理解,我特意用這個模板,寫了一篇關于ghost writer(捉刀代筆的槍手)的示范性小作文,請您觀摩一下。
Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 槍手] in [China's examinations / 中國的考場].It is estimated that [5% examinees are ghost writers / 5%的應試者是槍手].Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 槍手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主無知].Besides, [hirers' indolence / 雇主懶惰].The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主遲鈍].To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 槍手] is due to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打].On the other hand, [decapitation / 斬首].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 槍手].
第五篇:英語四六級考試:如何做改錯
改錯
首先要說的是:CET6每次改錯要你指出錯誤的地方肯定有錯,絕對不會沒錯,而且肯定在這行,不會到前面或者下面去!
然后要說的是:從上次CET6改革來看,改錯的判卷方法改變了。找出錯誤0。5分,改對錯誤0。5分
有錯的一句話,最多10個英語單詞,大家首先按詞性來劃分一次
名詞錯誤的可能
(1)名詞單復數
只有這1種可能,而且到現在的改錯,我就記得就1次單復數沒考,其他場次必考!
形容詞錯誤的可能
(1)意思顛倒,要改成反義詞
這個錯錯每次改錯題目都有,所以看到錯的句子有形容詞,先上下文看看,有沒有意思反了(2)詞性錯誤
2個形容詞在一起,那肯定有一個是修飾另外一個的,所以要改成副詞
介詞錯誤的可能性
(1)固定短語的搭配問題,不如key to,answer to, be faced with等
這個錯錯每次改錯題目都有,所以看到錯的句子有介詞,先看左右,有沒有搭配錯誤
連詞錯誤的可能性
(1)承上啟下的錯誤
有時候,表示遞進的,但題目中給出even if,所以要把if去掉;有時表原因的,但題目中是therefore,所以要改成because。這樣的錯誤也時常出現,但不是每次出現(2)非限制性賓語從句只能由which引導,題目中很會用that來誤倒
代詞錯誤的可能性
(1)代詞與先行詞不一致
前面說了是單數,后面用了them,所以要改成it。這類的錯誤也經常發生
動詞錯誤的可能性(大頭!)
(1)時態錯誤
明明文章在說過去的事情,但用了個is,所以要改成was 這個錯錯每次改錯題目都有,所以看到錯的句子有動詞,先看上下,有沒有時態問題(2)主謂不一致
they was doing ?? 這樣的錯誤,找不出么,6級也別考了(3)非謂語動詞提前形式的錯誤
viewed??,they were doing?? 像這樣的情況,viewed就要改成viewing 如果后面是it,前面是ing形式,也要注意的(4)平行結構錯誤
前面連著2句都是to做什么,to做什么and do什么,這時候就要在這個do前加to 如果是to doing,就要改成to do
以上這些錯誤在考試中占6-7分左右,大家可以一定要抓住,后面的分數就難拿了
另類錯誤
(1)易混淆的詞
比如:His persistence was awarded when the car finally started 中間的awarded是錯誤的,應該改成rewarded(2)從上下文來看,應該改動的詞 一般發生在名詞的身上!比如前面說美國人吃飯的習慣,后面寫了chinese,那就要改成American(3)固定詞組用錯一個,造成意思完全改變
比如:It also takes rise to a blurring of the dis tinction between science and technology 要把takes 改成 gives 這樣的難點錯誤,解決方法是,能改則改,不能改確定哪個詞錯,騙2個0。5分
總的評注:做改錯題一定要具有一雙“慧眼”。重要的不是自己會運用一個語法點或知識點,而是能夠識別出錯誤的用法,以審查的眼光去面對每一個改錯題。這就需要掌握必要的答題步驟和技巧。
答題步驟:
1.一般來說,做題時千萬不要拿起來就改。先花
一、兩分鐘從頭到尾通讀全文,對文章大 致內容有所了解,做到心中有數。
2.然后把重點放在有錯誤項的標題號行,尋找較容易辯認的語法錯誤,如主謂不一致、時態、語態使用錯誤、非謂語動詞錯誤等等。
3.如果錯行中不存在上述明顯錯誤,則應查看是否有詞語搭配錯誤,易混詞錯誤、詞性錯誤等等細節錯誤。
4.如果錯行中既不存在語法錯誤,也不存在詞匯錯誤,則從整體上查看上下文意思是否連貫,連接詞是否使用正確,是否有邏輯混亂的現象,如否定句誤用成肯定句造成句意不通等。注意:有時沒有錯項的行對改錯很有幫助。
5.找到錯誤項之后,按要求形式進行改正、刪去或增添,并設法找到一個正確項使句子在 語法、語義和邏輯上都成立
3.改錯題的具體解題方法
現在我們來討論改錯題的具體解題方法。如前所述,改錯題可以大致分為六個類型,所以我們的討論也針對這六個題型來進行。A.時態錯誤的發現與解決
我們來看2001年第79題:Immediately before him was
a?he put it into his collar,so that it falls across his shirt.此處的上下文明顯地表現出過去時態的特征,因為在本行之前有明確的過去式was,那么如果was無錯誤,falls就必然是錯的。然后根據題目可知was所在行無錯誤,所以falls應改為fell
由此我們可以看到,發現時態錯誤的關鍵是確定文章背景時態。句子的時態一般情況下應與文章的背景時態相一致,如不一致,則就會是錯的,這就要求我們在通讀文章時要留心。此外,就像這道題所反映的,有關的動詞或者時間狀語也是有用的。在解決的問題上,要注意同類時態的選擇問題。譬如發現文章中的過去時態是錯誤的,而應當選用現在時態,則要注意是用一般時還是完成時。
需要注意的一點是,在利用時間狀語或是有關動詞來 _進行判斷時,應該肯定該判斷的依據是正確的,否則會導致錯誤。因此,背景時態是進行判斷的最可靠的標準。
B.介詞錯誤的發現與解決
首先來看介詞本身用法錯誤的題型:A very flat piece of bread that looked,to him,very much as a napkin.在本題中,介詞as是錯誤的,應用like取而代之。就這種題而言,準確掌握介詞本身的意義是最根本的。As一般當做“作為”講,而like的意義則是“像”。如果能精確地掌握它們的區別,那就會對題目的錯誤一目了然了。此外,有些介詞有其習慣的用法,如2001年6月第75題,at the country就應改為in the country。對于這些習慣的用法,應多練多總結以利掌握。
然后是介詞搭配。在所判斷的行中有介詞時。首先要考慮的就是該介詞是否可以與其他的名詞或動詞構成固定搭配。如1996年6月第75題,because of its large student body consisting in many people?該題中in無疑是錯誤的,因為consist of是一個固定的搭配。對于此類題,熟悉有關的搭配本身就是解題的方法。
C.主謂一致的錯誤發現及解決
前面已經說過,主謂一致主要是數的一致。我們特別 要注意的是一些既定的語法規則,考試往往是比較側重于考這些規則的。下面是有關規則的總結:
the majority作主語,謂動用第三人稱單數。the majority+復數名詞作主語,則用復數。the flock of+復數,謂動用單數。
表示價值,重量,長度,時間等名詞,盡管是復數形式,謂動也用單數。a number of+復數,謂動用復數;the number of+復數,則用單數。neither?nor?連接兩個并列主語時,以第二個名詞為準。more than one+復數名詞,謂動為單數。
kind,form,type+of+名詞,以kind,form,type的數為準。
a series/species/portion+of+名詞,用單數。many a+單數,謂動用單數。名詞+and+名詞表示一種概念時,用單數。
neither of+復數,謂動用單數。從句做主語,謂動用單數。an average(total)of+復數后用復數,the average(total)of+復數后用單數。a body of+復數,謂動用單數。
這些規則只是其中常考的一部分,其他的還有待于大家進行總結。總之,熟練地掌握這些規則,應付主謂一致類的考題就會很容易了。
D.動詞錯誤的發現與解決
我們首先來看2001年1月的第80題:But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions.本題中所考查的是短語動詞。英語中有許多的短語動詞,是很難從字面上判斷其意義的。其中與介詞構成短語的動詞是最常見的。例如本題中的arrive,必須與at搭配成為短語動詞之后才能與conclusion搭配。我們在分析題目的時候,發現有動賓搭配的時候,應該考慮該動詞是否是一個短語動詞,并進而分析構成該短語動詞的介詞有無遺漏。對于短語動詞的熟悉是一個長期積累的過程,需要隨時總結與記憶。以下是六級考試中常見到的短語動詞:
account for, add up to, back up, break down, break away from, bleak out, break up, break in, break off, bring about, “bring up, bring out, bring down, build up, call off, call for, call on, carry out, check in, clear up, come off, come around, count on, cut down, cut off, do away with, dwell on, fall back on, fall out, get over, get out of, get at, give out, give up, give off, hang on, hold back, keep back from, keep up with, lay off, lay down, live up to, look into , look forward to, look over, make up, make out, pass away, put up with ,role out, run out of, set about, take over, take up, take in, take off, turn up, turn out, work out等。
還有一種常考的動詞的用法就是語態。如2000年1月第79題:One is surely justitied in his concern for the money and resources that they are poured into the space exploration.在本題中,由于從句的主語they與pour的關系是主動的,因而不可以用被動語態。在所分析的文字中包含謂語動詞,那么應該分析是否是這方面的問題。其中應該重點分析主語與謂語動詞的關系是主動還是被動。
E.連接詞錯誤的發現與解決
我們首先來看2000年6月的第73題:However.a second person thougt that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners.本題所考查的就是比較連接詞的用法。從前文的more我們就可以看出,下文的as是不恰當的,正確的答案應是比較連接詞than。一般來說,比較連接詞所考查的重點集中在88與than的用法上。句意中是否還有比較意義是很容易辨別的,我們一旦覺察到句子有比較的意思,就應考慮是否是as與than的用法混淆。
此外定語從句的連接詞也是要特別注意的。我們看 2000年6月的第74題:Instead,this other person told us a story,it he said was quite well known.在這里,句子的后半段很明顯是一個非限制性的定語從句,所以應將it改為which。非限制性的定語從句的連接詞在近幾年的考試中反復出現,應該引起我們的重視。解決此類問題的方法是。凡是發現有復合句的分析對象,首先就要考慮從句的連接詞。首先看是否有連接詞,其次看連接詞是否正確,尤其是which與 that的不同應用。F.語言環境類錯誤的發現與解決
從歷年的考題來看,語言環境類的錯誤是最有章可循的。這類錯誤一般是一行中的關鍵詞與上下文所體現出來的意思完全相反。例如2000年6月第72題:A well—man. nered person?walks down a street he or she is constantly un-aware of others.本句的文意是一個有禮貌的人在街上走的時候是不會旁若無人的。而句中的unaware明顯與句意是不符的。此類題的解決也較簡單,那就是將不符合文意的詞改為它的反義詞即可。
改錯練習中應注意的問題
A.首先要注意的是,在閱讀和分析的時候,不要僅僅針對有錯誤的行進行分析。分析時不
要以行為單位,而應當以句子為單位。理由很簡單,以行為單位進行分析容易使我們割斷上下文之間的聯系,導致分析的片面性。
B.在分析時態是否恰當時,應考慮整個文章的時態,根據上文句子的時態來判斷下文句子的時態時,必須保證上文的時態正確,以免一錯再錯。
C.關于做題的時間的問題。改錯的練習有一點特殊,那就是一定要在練習中養成檢查的習慣,因為很多題目的判斷是依賴對于文章背景的把握的。務必保證檢查的時間。考慮到這個題型的特點,全部的做題時間要在15分鐘左右,其中的5分鐘左右應該是用來檢查的。
D.在檢查時,對于增、刪的地方要再三斟酌。一般而言,考題中改的地方多,而單純的增刪是很少的,要注意句子的完整和通順。
E.對于真題的總結問題。真題是一定要總結的。因為六級改錯的考點是有限的,它不可避免的要重復出現。總結以往的考點就意味著對將來考題的預習。總結的方法也是簡單的,你可以僅僅將考過的題摘錄下來,注意經常熟悉就可以了。