第一篇：第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

一、名詞性從句的翻譯

包括：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句

（一）主語從句

① what ,whatever ,whoever,whether ,when ,where ,how ,why 等詞引導翻譯時，一般可以按照英語原文順序來翻譯

例1.What he told me was only half-truth.他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而已。例2.Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都應該做好。

例3.Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他來不來都沒有關系。

例4.When we can bengin the expedition is still a question.我們何時才能開始這次考察仍然是懸而未決。例5.How he is going to do it is a mystery.他準備怎么做這個事情是個迷。

② 用it做形式主語的主語從句，把主語從句放到漢語句子最前面去翻譯。例1.It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他參加不參加會議沒有多大關系。（it沒有翻譯）

例2.It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.駕駛員在飛機墜毀之后，竟然還能活著，這看來是不可想象的。（it翻譯為“這”）例3.It is strange that she should have faild to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然沒有看出自己的缺點。（it不用翻譯，還可以翻譯為“奇怪的是....”）

（二）賓語從句

①

用that ,what ,how ,when ,which ,why ,whether ,if 等引起的賓語從句。翻譯成漢語的時候，一般不需要改變它在原句中的順序。

例1.I told him that because of the last condition ,I’d have to turn it down.我告訴他，由于那最后一個條件，我只能謝絕。例2.Can you hear what I say ? 你聽得到我所講的嗎? 例3.I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游過了那條河。

例4.I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游過那條河的。

例5.He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經通知我他們將在什么時候談論我的建議。例6.Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答說，他感到遺憾。

例7.He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家說，決定這件事的不只是他一個人，還有其他許多人。

② 在翻譯的時候，that 所引導的賓語從句一般可按英語原文順序翻譯；it有時候可以不用翻譯。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

例1.I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他們講清楚了的，他們必須在上午十時前交卷。（it沒有翻譯）例2.I heard it said that he had gone abroad.聽說他已經出國了。（it沒有翻譯）

例3.I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被選參加會議，感到光榮。（it沒有翻譯）

例4.We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打開國門，實行開放，我們認為這是絕對必要的。（it翻譯為“這”）

（三）表語從句

例1.It seems that it is going to snow.看起來要下雪了。

例2.That is why Jack got scolded.這就是杰克受到訓斥的原因。

例3.The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.問題是我們能否贏得大多數人民群眾的支持。

例4.His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他對新聞界的看法是，記者們不是支持他，就是反對他。

（四）同位語從句

能借同位語從句的名詞主要有：belief(相信),fact(事實),hope(希望),idea(想法，觀點),doubt(懷疑),news(新聞，消息),rumor(傳聞),conclusion(結論),evidence(證據),suggestion(建議),problem(問題),order(命令),answer(回答),decision(決定),discovery(發現),explanation(解釋),information(消息),knowledge(知識),law(法律),opinion(意見，觀點),truth(真理，事實),promise(承諾),report(報告),thought(思想),statement(聲明),rule(規定),possibility(可能)等。

① 一般來說，同位語從句可以直接翻譯在主語后面。

例1.He expressed the hope that he would come over to vosit China again.他表示希望再到中國來訪問。例2.There is a possibility that he is a spy.有可能他是一個間諜。

② 有時候在翻譯同位語從句時，可以將其放在所修飾的名詞前面，相當于前置的修飾語，但不一定使用定語的標志詞“的”。

例1.We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實。

例2.The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.關于他被捕的傳聞是沒有根據的。

③ 增加“即”（或者“以為”、“這樣”）的詞來連接，或用冒號、破折號直接分開主語和同位語從句。

例1.But this dose not in any way allter the fact that they are now ,from a practical point of view ,irrational.但這卻絲毫改變不了一個事實，即從實用的觀點來看，他們今天仍是不合理的。例2.We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我們已經得出這樣的結論：實踐是檢驗真理的唯一標準。

例3.Not long ago ,the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前，科學家們獲得一個令人振奮的發現—可以把這種廢物變成塑料。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

二、定義從句的翻譯

重要性：絕對重點，絕對難點，絕對要掌握

翻譯考點重要性排序：定語從句>狀語從句>被動結構>名詞性從句 英語中定語從句的分類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

（一）前置法

把定語從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來連接。例1.He who has never tasted what is better dose not konw what is sweet.沒吃過苦得人不知道什么是甜。

例2.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學家們努力探索的新領域。

例3.His laughter ,which was infectious ,broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。

（二）后置法

把定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯為并列分句。

1.重復先行詞

例1.I told the story to John ,who told it to his brother.我把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。

例2.We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在此我們對特別委員會表示滿意，特別委員會的工作應該受到鼓勵。

例3.You ,whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research ,have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.我們的先輩在天文研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你們現在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。

例4.Although he lacks experience ,he has enterprise and creativity ,which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他雖然經驗不足，但有進取心和創造力，而這正是在這一領域獲得成功的關鍵。

2.省略先行詞

例1.It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了。

例2.They work out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產已迅速得到提高。

（三）融合法

把定語從句和它所修飾的先行詞結合在一起翻譯。例1.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見你。

例2.In our factory ,there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我們工廠里，許多人對這項新發明很感興趣。

例3.We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.我們駕駛的飛機幾乎每一個部件都有一些國籍標志。

例4.She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.她在銀行里的存款足以使她到處受到歡迎。

（四）狀譯法

把定語從句翻譯成漢語中的狀語從句

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

1.譯成表示“時間”的分句

例1.A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with other or be absent-minded.司機在開車時，不許和人談話，也不能走神。

2.譯成表示“原因”的分句

例1.He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith ,who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太講話，因為她現在異常無禮，令人厭煩。

3.譯成表示“條件”的分句

例1.Men become desperate for work ,any work ,which will help them to keep alive their families.人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要能維持一家人的生活就行。

4.譯成表示“讓步”的分句

例1.He insisted on buying another house ,which he had no use for.盡管他并沒有這樣的需要，他堅持要再買一幢房子。

5.譯成表示“目的”的分句

例1.He wish to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.為了引起公眾對這一事件的注意，他想寫一篇文章。例2.He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.為了證明他的論點，他正在收集確鑿的材料。

6.譯成表示“結果”的分句

例1.They tried to stamp out the revolt ,which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他們企圖鎮壓反抗，結果反抗愈來愈烈，遍及全國。

7.譯成表示“轉折”的分句

例1.She was very patient towards the children ,which her huaband seldom was.她對孩子們很耐心，而她的丈夫卻很少這樣。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

三、狀語從句的翻譯

單個單詞作狀語的情況

法則：靈活運用

狀語從句可以表示：時間、原因、條件、讓步、目的和結果等意義。

（一）時間狀語從句

時間狀語從句的連接詞常常有：

when(當...的時候),whenever(每當...),as(當...時),since(自從...),until(直到...，如果不...), till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...), the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天),no sooner...than(一...就), hardly(scarcely)...when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就), the minute(一...就),the second(一...就),every time(每當...),by the time(等到...的時候)等。① 譯成相應的時間狀語

例1.While she spoke ,the tears were running down.她說話時，淚水直流。

例2.She came in when I was having supper.我正在吃飯的時候，她進來了。

例3.As he finished the speech ,the audience burst into applause.他結束講話的時候，聽眾掌聲雷動。② 譯成“一（剛、每當）...就”的結構 例1.I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged.我一安排好就通知你。

例2.Directly he uttered these words ,there was a dead silence.他剛說出這些話，大家就沉默下來。

③ 譯成條件句

例1.Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果機器發生故障，就把電門關上。

例2.A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.若無外力的作用，靜止的物體不會移動。

例3.We can’t start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.如果沒有有關當局的批準，我們不能開始這項工作。

（二）原因狀語從句

英語中，原因狀語從句的連接詞常常是：

because(因為),since(既然，由于),as(因為),now that(既然),seeing that(既然), considering that(考慮到，因為),in that(在某方面),in view of the fact that(鑒于)。

① 譯成表“因為”的分句，放在主句前翻譯，顯示“前因后果”的關系。例1.The crops failed because the season was dry.因為氣候干燥，作物欠收。

例2.We had to put the meeting off ,since so many people were absent.由于很多人沒有來，會議只好延期。

② 用漢語的“之所以...是因為”的結構來連接。例1.He will get promoted ,for he has done good work.5

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

他之所以得到提升，是因為他工作干得很好。

例2.Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.理論之所以有價值，是因為它能給實踐指出方向。

③ Not...because 的結構

例1.I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.我之所以教書并不是因為教書對我來說太容易。

（三）條件狀語從句

英語中連接條件狀語從句的連接詞常常有：

if(如果),unless(除非，如果不),providing that(假如),so long as(只要), on condition that(條件是),suppose that(假如),in case(如果),only if(只要), if only(但愿，要是...就好了)等。

① 翻譯在主語前面

例1.It was better in case they were captured.要是把他們捉到了，那就更好了。

例2.If you tell me about it ,then I shall be able to decide.假如你把一切都告訴我，那么我就能夠作出決定。

② 翻譯在主句后面，用來補充說明條件。例1.You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚就可以出車，如果你愿意的話。

例2.No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.毫無疑問，我本來是可以賺到一點的，如果我真有那樣打算的話。

（四）讓步狀語從句

英語中，表示讓步關系的連接詞常常有：

though(雖然),although(雖然),even if(即使),as(盡管),while(盡量),whatever(無論什么),wherever(無論哪里),whoever(無論誰),however(無論怎樣),no matter(不論，不管),for all that(盡管),granted that(即使),in spite of that fact that(盡管),despite the fact that(不管)等等。例1.No matter what I say or how I say it ,he always thinks I’m wrong.不管我說什么，也不管我怎么說，他說是認為我錯了。例2.While we can not see the air ,we can feel it.我們雖然看不見空氣，但卻能感覺到它。

例3.Granted that you don’t like the proposal ,you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others.即使你不喜歡這個建議，你也不應該沒有同別人商量就把它否決了。

（五）目的狀語從句

連接目的狀語從句的連接詞常常有：

that(為了，以便),so that(為了，以便),lest(以防),in case(以防，以免), for fear that(以防),in order that(為了)

① 一般翻譯在主句前面

一般來說，這種表示“為了”的目的狀語從句通常放在主句前面翻譯。

例1.He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.6

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

為了不驚醒她，他輕輕推開房門，悄悄地溜了出去。例2.We should start early so that we might get there before noon.為了正午以前趕到那里，我們很早就動身了。

② 還可以翻譯在主句后面

表示“省得”、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等概念。

例1.He emphasized it again and again ,lest she should forget.他反復強調這一點，免得她忘了。

例2.They hid themselves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them.他們躲在樹叢后面，以防被敵人發現。

（六）結果狀語從句

① 連接結果狀語從句的連詞常常有：

so that ,so...that ,such....that ,to much a degree 等等，通?？梢苑g為“結果，如此...以至于...”，可以直接翻譯。

例1.He made a wrong decision ,so that half of his lifetime was wasted.他做了錯誤的決定，結果浪費了自己半生的時間。例2.The difference is such that all will perceive it.差別這么大，所有人都看得出來。

② 在主句中含有“never ,never so ,not much ”等否定詞，可以翻譯為“沒有...不”。例1.She never comes but she borrow.她不借東西不來。（即：他如果不借東西就不來。）例2.She is not so old but that she can read.他并沒有老到不能讀書。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

四、被動語態的翻譯

句法翻譯中第三大結構

英譯漢時，大量的被動語態要根據漢語的習慣翻譯成主動

被動語態翻譯：少用“被”字

1.譯成漢語主動句

（1）保存原文主語

適合的情況：句子的主語是無生命的名詞，且句中無“by”引導的行為主體。

例1.The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.會議定于四月六日舉行。

例2.Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.睡能從液體變成固體。

例3.When rust is formed ,a chemical change has taken place.當繡形成的時候，就發生了化學變化。

（2）主賓顛倒

適合情況：有“by”引導。例1.She was given a new pen by her father.她爸爸送給她一支新鋼筆。

例2.Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.這種化學反應能放出熱和光。

例3.Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.現在我們只能利用一小部分太陽能。

例4.Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission inour country.我國已將通訊衛星用于實況轉播。

例5.The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.下一章提供了有關的數據資料。

（3）增加主語

例1.The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.人們對這一問題迄今尚未進行過徹底的探索。

例2.She was seen to enter the building about the crime was committed.有人見過她大致在案發時進入了那座建筑物。

例3.What we say here will not be long remembered ,but what we do here can change the world.我們在這里所講的話，人們不會長久記住。然而我們在這兒所做的事，卻能改變世界。

2.譯成漢語無主句

例1.Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quicjly.已經采取了措施來防止這種流行病迅速蔓延。例2.Water can be shown as containing impurities.可以證明，水含有雜質。

例3.The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.必須全部停止這種討厭的噪聲。

3.譯成漢語判斷句

判斷句也叫“是”字句 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly

進取的決定不是輕易作出的。

例2.Printing was introduced into Europe from China.是從中國傳入歐洲的。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

例3.The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution.手稿是在法國革命前幾周寄往倫敦付印的。

例4.The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.美國的學分制是1872年在哈佛大學首先實施的。

4.譯成漢語被動句

有些英語被動句著重被動的動作，突出原文的被動意義

漢語中被動標志：“被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、遭到、加以、得以、為...所、由...來”。

例1.He had been fired dor refusing to obey orders from the head office.他因拒絕接受總公司的命令而被解雇了。

例2.The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.那名男生在穿過街道時讓一輛小公共汽車撞到了。例3.He was praised by his teacher.他得到了老師的表揚。

例4.Problems should be resolved in good time.問題應及時加以解決。

例5.For s long period to come ,most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.在未來較長的一段時間里，中國的老年人仍舊要由家庭來贍養。

5.“It+被動語態+that”的翻譯

采用主動語態翻譯方式

三種翻譯方式

例1.It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.有人認為，生物氣候學是一門復雜的學科。

例2.It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas :natural science and social science.有人強調說，科學的范疇可以分為兩個主要領域：自然科學和社會科學。例3.It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.應該指出，這一過程就是氧化。常用被動句型的習慣譯法：

It is hoped that...希望，有人希望

It is assumed that...假設，假定

It is claimed that...據說，有人主張

It is believed that...有人相信，大家相信

It is reported that...據報道，據通報

It is considered that...人們認為，據估計

It is said that...據說，有人說

It is supposed that...據推測，人們猜測

It has been announced that...已經宣布

It is asserted that...有人主張

It is rumored that...聽說，謠傳

It is noticed that...有人指出，人們注意到

It is suggested that...有人建議，建議

It is reputed that...人們認為，可以認為

It is learned that...據說，據聞，已經查明

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

It is demonstrated that...據證實，已經證明

It is estimated that...據估計，有人估計

It is pointed out that...有人指出，人們指出

It is proposed that...有人推薦，有人建議

It was told that...有人曾經說

It was first intended that...最初就有這樣的想法

It will be said that...有人會說

It was noted above that that...前面已經指出

It must be admitted that...必須承認，老實說

It has been illustrated that...據圖示，據說明

It is stressed that...有人強調說

It can not be denied that...無可否認

It can be said without exaggeration that...可以毫不夸張的說

It is sometimes asked that...人們有時會問

It was felt that that...有人認識到

It is universally accepted that...人們普遍認為

It is unanimously agreed that...大家一致同意

It is alleged that...據說

It is calculated that...據計算

It has been proved that...已經證明

It has been found that...人們已經發現

It is still to be hoped that...我們仍然希望

It is well-konwn that...眾所周知，大家都知道

It should be realized that...我們應該認識到...第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

五、否定結構的翻譯

（一）部分否定

1.all ,both ,every ,everybody ,everyday ,everyone ,many ,everything ,entirely ,altogether, absolutely,wholly ,completely ,everywhere ,always ,often 等與否定詞not 搭配使用，常常翻譯為“并非所有，并不是都”。例1.All that glitters is not gold.并非所有發光的都是金子。例2.Both the windows are not open.兩扇窗戶并不都是開著的。

例3.Everybody does not believe the rumor.并不是每個人都聽信這個謠言的。

例4.They are not always in the office on Sundays.他們不一定每個星期天都在辦公室。例5.The responsibility is not altogether mine.責任并不全在于我身上。

例6.The situation is not necessarily so.情況并非如此。

2.“all...not ”和“every...not ”等結構屬于傳統用法。現代英語中采用“Not all...” 和“Not every...”這種表達形式。例1.Not all matals are good conductors.并非所有的金屬都是良導體。例2.Not everyone accepts his proposal.并不是所有的人都接受他的建議。

（二）全部否定

never（決不，從來不），no（沒有，不），not（不，不是），none（沒人，誰都不，沒有任何東西），nobody（沒人），nothing（什么也沒有，沒有任何事情），nowhere（沒有什么地方），neither（兩者都不），nor（也沒有，也不），not at all（一點也不）。例1.He is no professor.他根本不是教授。

例2.None of my friends smoke.我的朋友都不抽煙。

例3.Our great motherland has never before been so prosperous as it is today.我們偉大的祖國從來沒有像今天這樣繁榮昌盛。

例4.Nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his mind to it.世上無難事，只怕有心人。

例5.Never have we been daunted by difficulties.我們任何時候都沒有被困難嚇倒過。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

（三）雙重否定句

常見的雙重否定形式主要有：no...not(沒有....不)，Without...not（沒有...就不）

Never(no)...without（每逢...總是，沒有...不）Never(no)...but（沒有...不）

Not(none)...the less（并不...就不）

Not(never)...unless(不少于，不亞于，和...一樣)，Not...any the less(沒有...而少做)。

例1.Now no spaceship cannot be loaded with man.現在沒有任何宇宙飛船不能載人。（用漢語的雙重否定翻譯）

現在所有的宇宙飛船都可以載人。（用漢語的肯定結構翻譯）例2.You will never succeed unless you work hard.如果你不努力，就絕不能成功。（用漢語的雙重否定翻譯）

只要你努力，你就會成功。（用漢語的肯定結構翻譯）例3.There is nothing unusual there.那里的一切都很正常。

例4.The machine is working none the worse for its long service.這臺機器并沒有因為長期使用而運轉不良。

這臺機器長期使用運轉一直良好。

例5.She did not work any the less for her illness.她沒有因為生病而少做一些工作。例6.That’s nothing less than a miracle.那完全是一個奇跡。

例7.No task is so difficult but we can accomplish it.再困難的任務，我們也能完成。

（四）形式肯定但意義否定

英語中的某些句子雖然以肯定形式出現，沒有no ,not ,never 這樣的詞，但表達的意思是否定的，翻譯成漢語時要翻譯成否定句。

1.more than can...結構

more than can...在意義上相當于英語得can not...可以翻譯為“簡直不，無法，難以”：

more than one can help 相當于as little as possible ,可以翻譯為“盡量不，絕對不”。例1.The beauty of the park is more than words can describe.這個公園美德簡直無法形容。

例2.The boy has become very insolent and it is more than his parents can bear.這男孩變得非常無禮，到了他父母都不能忍受的地步。例3.Don’t tell him more than you can help.能不跟他講究盡量不要跟他講。

例4.She never does more work than she can help.能不做的事情，她是絕對不做的。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

2.anything but...結構表示否定意義，常常翻譯為“絕對不，根本不，一點也不”。例1.He is anything but a scholar.他絕對不是一個學者。

例2.The wood bridge is anything but safe.那座木橋一點也不安全。

3.have yet to do...結構表示否定意義，相當于have not yet done...，常常翻譯為“還沒有”。例1.I have yet to hear the story.我還沒有聽過那個故事。例2.I have yet to learn the new skill.我沒有學那項新技術。

4.may(might)as well...結構表示否定意義，常常翻譯為“還不如”。例1.It is still raining hard outside;we may as well stay here over the night.外面仍然在下大雨，我們還不如呆在這里過夜呢。例2.You might as well burn the book than give them to her.你把這些書給她還不如燒毀了好。

5.借助具有否定意義的動詞或動詞短語

這樣的動詞或者動詞短語常常有：

miss 錯過，即沒有碰到

deny 拒絕，即沒有答應

lack 缺乏，即不足

refuse 拒絕，即否認，沒有答應

escape 逃避，即沒有被發現

resist 抵抗，即沒有放棄

reject 拒絕，即沒有答應

decline 拒絕，即沒有答應

doubt 懷疑，即不太確信

wonder 想知道，即不明白

fail 失敗，即沒有完成

exclude 排除，即沒有接受，不包括

overlook 沒有注意到

cease 終止，即沒有堅持

neglect 沒有注意到

defy 不服從

forbid 不許

give up 放棄，即沒有堅持

refrain from 不允許

lose sight of 不管

keep up with 不落后于

save...from 使...不

shut one’s eyes to 不看

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

to say nothing of 更不用說

not to mention 更不用說

protect(keep ,prevent)...from 不讓

keep off 不接近

keep out 不讓進入

turn a deaf ear to 不聽，不顧

fall short of 不足

live up to 不辜負

dissuade...from 勸...不要

keep...dark 不把...說出去 例1.The specification lacks detail.這份說明書不夠詳盡。

例2.My husband missed the last bus ,so he had to go back home on foot.丈夫沒趕上末班公共汽車，所以只好步行回家。例3.The error in calculation escaped the accountant.會計沒有注意到這個計算上的錯誤。例4.Please keep the news dark.請不要把這個消息說出去。例5.He fail to meet his girlfriend.他沒有碰到他女朋友。

6.借助具有否定意義的名詞

常常具有否定意義的名詞有： neglect 沒有注意到

failure 失敗，即沒有完成

refusal 拒絕，即否認，沒有答應 absence 不在，缺少 shortage 不足 reluctance 不情愿 ignorance 沒有注意到 loss 沒有

exclusion 排除，既沒有接受，不包括 lack 缺乏，沒有

negation 拒絕，即否認 Greek to 對...一無所知

例1.We cannot finish the work in the absence of these condditions.在不具備這些條件的情況下，我們不能完成這項工作。例2.She was at loss what go do.她不知所措。

例3.English literature is Creek to her.她對英語文學一無所知。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

7.借助具有否定意義的形容詞或形容詞短語

常見的具有否定意義的形容詞或形容詞短語有：

far from 遠不，一點也不

free from 不受...影響

safe from 免于

short of 缺少，不足

ignorant of 不知道，沒有注意到

independent of 不受...的支配

impatient of 對...不耐煩

deficient 缺乏

devoid of 不具有，缺乏

alien to 不同

foreign to 不適合，與...無關

blind to 看不見

far and few between 很少

absent from 不在 different form 不同

reluctant to 不愿意

less than 少于，不多于

dead to 對...沒有反應

the last 最后的，即最不愿意，最不配，決不 例1.The newspaper accounts are far from being true.報紙的報道遠非屬實。

例2.Present supplies of food are short of requirements.目前食品供不應求。

例3.Holidays are few and far between.放假的時候并不多。

例4.He is the last man she wants to meet.她最不想見到的人就是他。

8.借助具有否定意義的介詞或者介詞短語

past 超過

above 不低于

without 沒有

beyond 超出

instead of 而不是

in vain 無效，沒有

in the dark 一點也不知道

at a loss 不知所措

but for 要不是

in spite of 不管

at fault 出錯

against 不同意

before 還沒有...就

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

below 不到...beside 與...無關

but 除...之外

except 除..之外

from 阻止，使...不做某事

off 離開，中斷

under 在...之下，不足

within 不超出

beneath 不如，不足

beneath one’s notice 不值得理睬

out of 不在...里面，不在...狀態

out of the question 不可能

in the dark about 對...不知

例1.That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson.那個懶惰的小孩不預習就去上課。例2.Mr.Smith was above reproach.史密斯先生是無可指責的。例3.Her beauty is beyond compare.她的美麗是無以倫比的。

（五）形式否定但意義肯定

英語中的某些句子雖然以否定形式出現，但表達的意思是肯定的。這一類翻譯方法與上面一類“形式肯定但意義否定”結合起來，就是通常人們所說的“正話反說，反話正說”的翻譯技巧。

常見的帶有隱含肯定意義的詞組或單詞主要有：

not...until 直到...才

not...to 越...越好

none but 只有

nothing but 只有，只不過

nothing more than 僅僅

no sooner...than 剛一...就

none other than 不是別的人或物而正是

none the less 依然，仍然

not but that 雖然

make nothing of 對...等閑視之

for nothing 徒然，免費

not only...but also 不僅...而且

not...long before 很快就

no more than 僅僅，只是

no other than 只有，正是

例1.You can’t be too careful in doing experiments.你做實驗要特別小心。

例2.There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces.各種材料在力的作用下，多少都會有些變形。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

例3.It is no more than a beginning.這僅僅是個開端。

例4.They gave me the wrong book ,and I didn’t notice it until Igot back to my room.他們把書給錯了，直到我回到我的房間才注意到了。

（六）否定成分的轉譯

I do not think you are right./You are no right.我認為你不正確。

1.否定主語轉換為否定謂語

例1.No energy can be created ,and none destroyed.能量既不能創造，也不能毀滅。例2.No sound was heard.沒有聽到聲音。

例3.Neither plan is practicable.兩個方案都行不通。

2.否定謂語轉換成否定狀語

例1.He doesn’t study in the classroom.他不在教室里學習。

例2.I was not playing all the time.我并不是一直都在玩。

例3.The women did not come here to ask us for help.這位婦女來這兒不是為了求得我們的幫助。

例4.Metals do not change their form as easily as plastic bodies do.金屬不像塑料物體那樣容易變形。

3.主語的否定轉換為從句的否定

not because...并不是因為...才...例1.She did not come because she wanted to see me.她并非因為想見我才來。

例2.You should not despise him because he is young.你不應該因為他年輕就輕視他

4.否定主句的謂語轉換為否定賓語從句的謂語

①

常常出現在動詞think ,believe ,except ,suppose ,imagine ,reckon ,fancy , anticipate ,figure 等后面的賓語從句中。

例1.I don’t think that they must have arrived there by now.我認為他們現在一定還沒有到達那里。

例2.I don’t suppose they will object to my suggeston.我想他們不會反對我的建議的。

例3.I didn’t imagine that he would go abroad.我料想他不會出國了。

② 當有view ,wish ,belief ,thought ,opinion 等名詞作主語的表語從句時。例1.It is not my opinion that he is the best man for the job.我認為他斌不是這項工作的最佳人選。

例2.It is not my thought that he can finish the work within a week.我認為他不可能在一周內完成這項工作。

例3.It is not my wish that you should break your work.我希望你不要違背諾言。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

六、比較結構

考研翻譯中考過的比較結構：

less and more 與其說...不如說...（99）

not so much...as...與其說...不如說...（94）

rather than 而不是

not any more than /no more than 既不...也不（06）從理解與表達的角度來看：

比較的形式是次要的，重要的是意義上的比較。

I am taller than him.This classroom is larger than that.（一）as...as...句型

① as...as...句型

同級比較，翻譯成：“什么和什么一樣” 例1.My parcel is as heavy as yours.我的包裹和你的包裹一樣重。

例2.She is as much interested in music as ever.她和以前一樣對音樂感興趣。

例3.The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly.最近，我國的經濟發展和以前一樣穩定。

② not as(or so)...as...句型

相反比較，翻譯成：“什么不如什么” 例1.My uncle is not as(or so)tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父親高。

例2.People are not so honest as they once were.人們現在不如過去那樣誠實了。

③ not so much...as...句型

通常翻譯為“與其說...不如說” 例1.He was not so much angry as disappointed.他與其說是生氣，還不如說是失望了。（可以理解為：“他的生氣不如失望多”，就是說“他更多的是失望，憤怒是其次。”）

例2.The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋與其說是要把世界分割開來，還不如說是把世界連接在一起。

例3.Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.拙劣的寫作，與其說是語法上的錯誤，還不如說是由于文體上的弱點。

④ not so much as...句型

not so much as...這個結構相當于“not even...”,所以通常翻譯為“甚至不...，甚至沒有...”。

例1.He didn’t so much as ask me to set down.他甚至沒有請我坐下。

例2.He cannot so much as spell a word.他甚至連一個詞也不會寫。

例3.He didn’t so much as his fare home.他甚至連回家的路費都沒有了。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

（二）比較級+than to do...句型

通常翻譯為“不至于做某事”。例1.You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.你不至于這么冷的天氣去游泳吧。

例2.I have more sense than to tell him about our plan.我不至于傻到會把我們的計劃告訴他。

例3.I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.我的英語學得很好，不至于犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。

（三）more...than...句型

① more A than B句型

more A than B句型通常用于一個人或者事物在兩個不同性質或則特征上面的比較。翻譯為“與其說B，不如說A”。類似的結構還有less A than B,翻譯為“與其說A，不如說B”

請注意這兩個結構中“與其說”與“不如說”的對象，即A與B兩者的在翻譯中的位置。例1.He is more good than bad.與其說他很壞，不如說他很好。例2.He is less good than bad.與其說他很好，不如說他很壞。例3.He is more a writer than a teacher.與其說他是老師，不如說他是作家。例4.He is less clever than diligent.與其說他聰明，不如說他勤奮。② more than...句型

1.more than 后面接數詞，表示“多于...，...以上”的意思。例1.I have known him for more than twenty years.我已經認識她二十多年了。

例2.I have more than ten dollars in my pocket.我口袋里還有十多美元。

2.more than 后面接名詞或者動詞，表示“不只是...”的意思。例1.He is more than a father to her.他待她勝過父親。

例2.He more than smiled ,but laughed.他不只是微笑，而是放生大笑。

3.more than 后面接形容詞、副詞、分詞，表示“極其，非常”。例1.She was more than kind to us.他對我們非常好。

例2.He was more than upset by accident.這個意外事故讓他非常心煩。

4.more than...can...則表示“難以...，完全不能...”的意思。例1.That is more than I can understand.那件事情，我實在是不明白。

例2.The cold was more than the children could bear.寒冷是孩子們所不能忍受的。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

③ no more...than...句型

no more...than...句型在意義上與not any more than...一樣，表示對兩者都否定，所以可以翻譯為“...和...一樣不，不...正如...，既不...也不...，...和...兩者都不”。

例1.His grammar is no better than mine.他的語法同我的一樣不好。

例2.He is no more a writer than a painter.他既不是畫家也不是作家。? 跟no more...than...句型相近，但是意義相反的句型是no less...than...，可以翻譯為“既是...，也是...，兩者都是...”。

例1.He is no less a writer than a painter.他既是畫家也是作家。

例2.I am no more a poet than he is a scholar.我不是詩人，正如他不是學者一樣。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

七、強調結構

強調結構在考研翻譯中考的并不多，考研翻譯近13年來，至于在98年的71題考過。

在英語中，有時候為了突出某一個詞、詞組、句子時使用強調結構，強調結構通常采用變化詞語順序，增加用于強調的詞語，或者采用強調句型“It is +被強調部分+that...”.為了突出強調部分，有時候在漢語譯文中將該部分放在句首，或者加上一些表示強調詞：“的確、究竟、務必、千萬、就是、正是”等詞來突出強調語氣。

（一）倒裝與強調

① 強調賓語

例1.Such good students we have never seen.像這樣好的學生，我們還從來沒有見過。（直接按照英語順序翻譯）例2.Not a word did she say the whole two hours.整整兩個小時她一句話也沒有說。（把賓語還原到謂語動詞后面翻譯）

② 強調狀語

例1.At any time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons.在任何時候和任何情況下，中國都不會首先使用或威脅使用核武器。（直接按照英語得順序翻譯）

例2.Never will they give up the struggle for freedom and peace.他們絕對不會放棄為自有和和平而斗爭。（把狀語還原到謂語動詞前面翻譯）

③ 強調表語

例1.More serious was the problem of environmental pollution.更為了嚴重的是環境污染問題。（直接按照英語順序翻譯）例2.Very strange the thing seemed.這件事情好像很奇怪。（把表語還原到系動詞后面翻譯）

④ 強調賓語補足語

例1.Electronic computers make possible the fast complicated calculation.電子計算機使快速進行復雜計算成為可能。（把possible 還原為到賓語后面）例2.A scandal people call the whole matter.人們把這件事稱為丑聞。（把a scandal 還原為到賓語后面）

（二）助動詞do

在動詞前面加上助動詞do，也是英語中一種表示強調的方法。翻譯成漢語時，可使用“的確、確實、務必、一定、千萬、真的”等詞來突出強調語氣。例1.She did accomplish the task in time.她的確準時完成了任務。

例2.We do have sufficient food and drink.我們確實有足夠的食物和飲料。

（三）添加詞組

在英語中，可以在what ,where ,who ,why ,等疑問詞后面加上the devil ,the hell ,on earth ,in(或under)heaven 等詞組用來加強語氣，有時在某些否定詞或最高級后面也可以加上on earth 以增強語氣。翻譯成漢語時，可以增加“究竟，到底”等詞來處理。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

例1.Who the devil is that women ?

那個女人究竟是誰？

例2.What on earth is the matter over there ?

那里到底發生了什么事情？

例3.How on earth can one accomplish such a feat ?

一個人怎么能夠完成如此偉大的工作呢？

（四）It is +被強調部分+that...強調句型

英語中，It is +被強調部分+that...這種句型常用來突出某一個部分，在意義上起到強調的作用。被強調部分如果指人時，可以用who ,whom 代替that ,it 本身沒有實在的意義；被強調部分可以是謂語以外的其他任何成分：主語、賓語、狀語等；翻譯時可以在被強調部分加上“就是、正是、是”等來加以強調；如果被強調部分本身帶有強調詞，比如：only，not until 譯成漢語時則不需要加強調詞。

例1.It was Professor Wu that(who)sent me the letter.給我寄信的正是吳教授。（強調主語）

例2.It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.昨天晚上在實驗室做實驗的正是我父親。（強調主語）例3.It was I myself who opened the window.就是我自己打開的窗戶。（強調主語及其同位語）

例4.It was your mother-in-law that(whom)I met in the park the day before yesterday.前天我在公園里碰到的正是你的岳母。（強調賓語）例5.It is this novel they talk about last week.他們上周討論的就是這本小說。（強調賓語）例6.It was at an evening party that I first saw her.我是在一次晚會上第一次見到她的。（強調狀語）

例7.It is only when one is ill that one realizes the importance of health.只有在人們生病了才知道健康的重要性。（強調狀語）

例8.It was not until recently that scientists know much about lung cancer.直到最近，科學家才對肺癌有較多的了解。（強調狀語）

（五）表示程度的形容詞或副詞加以強調

在英語里面有些表示程度的形容詞或副詞，也可以用來增強語氣。翻譯的時候，也可以增加“就是、正是、是、到底、究竟、最”等詞來表示強調。例1.You are the very man I am looking for.你正是我要尋找的人。例2.Who ever said so ?

到底是誰說的？

例3.The pear is rotten right through.這只梨子完全爛了。例4.Put it right in the middle.把它就放在正中間吧。例5.This is much the best.這事最最好的。

例6.That article was simply ridiculous.那篇文章簡直是荒謬極了。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

八、插入結構

在考研翻譯中并不多見，插入語結構考了4次，英語中的插入語結構表示說話人的態度和看法，解釋說明整個句子，插入語結構通常與句子中的其他成分在語法上沒有關聯，插入語結構一般用逗號與句子其他成分隔開，可以在句子開頭、中間、末尾，翻譯時需要調整語序以符合漢語言的習慣。

插入結構成分：副詞、形容詞短語、介詞短語、不定式短語、分詞短語、主謂結構等。

（一）副詞插入語

英語中副詞作為插入語，可以放在句首、句中、句末； 翻譯時最簡單方法：直接放在句首； 例1.Apparently ,it is going to rain.很明顯，要下雨了。

例2.Fortunately ,I passed the examination.幸運的是，我通過了考試。

例3.Incidentally ,your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.順便說一句，你的建議已經提交會議進行討論了。

例4.He was luckier ,however ,because he was only slightly wounded.然而，他比較幸運，因為他只是受了點輕傷。

例5.He is young.He has much experience in teaching English ,though.他很年輕，但是他有豐富的英語教學經驗。

（二）形容詞短語作插入語

一般翻譯為“...的是，...”這樣的結構

例1.Most important of all,computers create wide communication around the world.最重要的是，計算機使世界范圍內建立了廣泛的交流。

例2.I slept late yesterday morning;worse still ,my bike was out of order.昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是，我的自行車壞了。例3.Strange enough ,he doesn’t know that famous writer.奇怪的是，他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。

（三）介詞短語作插入語

all in all 總而言之

as a matter of fact 事實上

as a result 結果

at worst 在最壞的情況下

by the way 順便說一句

first of all 首先

for example 例如

in conclusion 總之，最后

in fact 事實上

in effect 實際上

in my opinion 依我看來，我認為

in other words 換句話說，換言之

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

in short 簡言之

to my delight 讓我高興的是

to one’s amazement 使某人驚訝的是

to one’s deep regret 是某人深感遺憾的是

to one’s relief 使某人深感欣慰的是

to one’s surprise 使某人感到吃驚的是

例1.China ,in fact ,has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.事實上，中國已經在許多方面趕上和超過了世界先進水平。例2.What happen to him ,by the way ?

順便問一句，他后來怎么樣了？

例3.All in all ,her condition is greatly improved.總之，他的健康狀況已經大大的改善了。

（四）不定式短語作插入結構

so to speak 可以這樣說

to tell you the truth 老實對你說

to be frank 說句實話

to begin with 首先

to start with 首先

to be more exact 更確切地說

to sum up 總之，概括地說

to put it briefly 簡單說來

to put it in another way 換句話說

to make a long story short 長話短說

to say the least of it 至少可以這樣說

needless to say 不用說

strange to say 說來奇怪

to conclude 總之，最后

to be sure 可以肯定的說

to be specific 具體說來

to be precise 準確地說

to speak frankly 坦白地說

例1.To tell you the truth ,I haven’t bought anything for a year.老實對你說，我一年來什么東西都沒有買過。例2.It wasn’t a very good dinner ,to say the least of it.至少可以這樣說，這次宴會并不成功。例3.The movie ,to be frank ,moved me to tears.坦白地說，這部電影把我感動得流下了眼淚。例4.She wrote ,to be exact ,ten novels in her lifetime.確切地說，她一生寫了十部小說。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

（五）分詞短語作插入結構

considering...考慮到

all things considered 從整體來看

allowing for...考慮到

generally speaking 一般說來

judging from...從...來判斷

putting it another way 換句話說

roughly speaking 大體說來

taking account of...考慮到

taking all things into consideration 全面看來

taking...as an example 以...為例

talking of...說道

speaking of...說道

strictly speaking 嚴格地說

例1.Judging from the handwriting ,it should be written by our teacher.從字跡上判斷，則應該是我們老師寫的。

例2.Generally speaking ,she’s not quite fit this kind of work.總的來說，他不太適合做這種工作。

例3.You managed the project very well ,considering your inexperience.考慮到你缺乏經驗，你對這個項目的處理已經很好了。

（六）主謂結構作插入結構

I think 我認為

I hope 我希望

I guess 我想

I’m afraid 恐怕

I believe 我認為，我相信

I suppose 我想，我認為

I wonder 我想知道

you see 你應該明白

you know 你知道

don’t you think 難道你不認為

don’t you know 難道你不知道

I tell you 我告訴你

it seems 似乎

it seems to me 在我看來，這似乎

it is said 據說

it is suggested 有人認為

例1.The man ,I think ,does not deserve the prize.我認為，那個人不應該得獎。

例2.The air is rather refreshing ,I suppose.我想，那里的空氣應該很宜人。例3.Honesty ,I believe ,is her virtue.我認為，誠實是她的美德。

第三章 翻譯技巧：句法翻譯法

（七）what we call 句型作插入結構

類似的句型有：

what we used to call what is called

what they described as what can be called what they regarded as as we call it as we know it

通常翻譯為“所謂的...”，可以按照英語原文順序直接翻譯 例1.He is what we call a walking dictionary.他就是所謂的活字典。

例2.Most of what they regarded as geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary effort.大部分所謂的天才是由于付出了非凡的努力才獲得成功的。

九、基礎階段學習方法

考研翻譯復習時基礎階段該如何做？

考研翻譯和精讀在基礎階段結合起來做，最好的練習材料：考研真題

基礎階段最重要的兩點：

1.單詞的復習(考研英語5500詞匯=3000基礎詞匯+2500難詞匯)

最好的單詞書：大綱（04年有釋義）

9月1號之前看完，最晚不要超過10 月1 號

2.翻譯/精讀的突破（考研閱讀10年來：68篇文章；翻譯10篇）

最好的方法：翻譯突破法

1）精讀所用的材料：

新東方所發的材料，周雷等《考研英語閱讀真題語言注釋與難句突破》

2）每天完成的任務

每三天完成一篇閱讀文章

① 10分鐘通讀全文；8分鐘做題；5分鐘翻譯。

② 逐句逐詞進行閱讀，抄錄大綱單詞，試著進行翻譯并核對答案。③ 返回原文查證題目是否正確，對成果進行進一步鞏固。

第二篇：翻譯技巧 反譯法

第八節反譯法

由于講英語國家的歷史、地理、社會文化背景和生活習性與我國不同，因此 這些國家人們的思維方式和生活習性亦與我國不同。這種差別體現在語言習慣 七，便產生了兩種語言各自不同的表達形式。在表示否定意義時，這種差異顯得 尤為突出。有的英語句子形式上是否定的而實質上是肯定的，有的形式上是肯定 的而實質上是否定的。在翻譯某些英文句子時，應當特別注意兩點：一是英語里 有些從正面表達的詞語或句子，漢譯時可以從反面來表達，即正說反譯法；二是 英語里有些從反面表達的詞語或句子，漢譯時可從正面來表達，即反說正譯法。例如：

(1)The kind of machine is far from being complicated．

這種機器一點也不復雜。

這個句子如果譯成“這種機器離復雜甚遠”就使人感到不知所云。

(2)He wrote three books in the first two years，a record never reached before．

他頭兩年寫了3本書，打破了以往的記錄。

原文從反面表達，譯文從正面表達。如譯成“這是他從前從未達到的記錄” 則顯得很別扭。

(3)I have read your articles，but，expect to meet an older woman．

我讀過你的文章，但沒料到你這樣年輕。

本句如譯成“我讀過你文章，但我料想會見到一個年紀更大的女人”則不符 合漢語表達習慣。

從以上例中可以看出，有些句子從正面譯不順，不妨從反面譯；反面譯不 順，則不妨從正面譯，因為同一個概念，一個民族正著說，以為是合乎表達習慣 的，而另一個民族則認為反著說才順口。因此，在恰當的場合靈活運用反譯法不 失為確保譯文語義明晰、文從字順的有效手段。

一、正說反譯法

英語中有些否定概念是通過含有否定意義或近似否定意義的詞來表達的。一 些語言學家稱這些詞為“含蓄否定詞”，另一些語言學家則稱之為“暗指否定 詞”。英語中的含蓄否定詞或含蓄否定短語一般都要譯成漢語的否定詞組。

(一)名詞

（1、Shortness of time has required the omission of some countries．

由于時間不夠，沒能訪問某些國家。

(2)All international disputes should be settled through negotiations and avoidance

of any armed conflicts．

一切國際爭端應通過談判，而不是武裝沖突來解決。

(3 1 There was complete absence of information on t11e oil deposit in that country．

關于該國的石油儲量情況，人們毫無所知。

(4)Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom，but the want of it always leaves

room for．the suspicion of folly．

盡管有禮貌并不一定標志著此人有智慧，但是無禮貌卻總是使人懷疑其

愚蠢。

(5)A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs Can create

problems．

不注意文化差異或當地風俗可能會產生問題。

作為名詞用的含蓄否定詞還有：defiance(不顧，無視)，denial(否認，否 定)，exclusion(排除)，freedom(不，免除)，refusal(不愿，不允許)和loss(失去)等。(二)動詞或動詞短語

(1)Scientists reject authority as an ultimate basis for truth·

科學家不承認權威是真理的最終根據。

(2)Water is a good lubricant, if you can devise a way to keep it from leaking out or evaporating.如果能設法使水不漏出來或蒸發掉，那么水就是一種很好的潤滑劑。

(3)English differ from French in having no gender for nouns.英語和法語不同，英語名詞沒有性的變化。

(4)To preserve the fiction，he refrained from scolding his son until the guests left.為了不漏破綻，他強忍著不責罵自己的兒子，直到客人們離去。

(5)An investment in the money market fund has tied up the money until the end

of the term of the investment．

投資于貨幣市場的資金在投資期滿之前是不能動用的。

類似的動詞還有refuse(不愿，不肯，無法)，lack(缺乏，沒有)，defy(不

服從，不遵守，不讓)，forbid(不許)，stop(不準)和ignore(不理，不肯考慮)等。

(三)形容詞或形容詞短語

(1)My younger brother would be the last man to say such things．

我弟弟決不可能說這種話。

(2)They were watching the fluid situation with concern．

他們關切地注視著動蕩不安的局面。(3)It is said that it is only a marginal agreement．

據說．那只不過是一個無關宏旨的協議。

(4)These official documents shall form an integral part of this contract．

這些正式文件是合同不可分割的組成部分。

(5)These elements are shielded SO that they are free from the influence of

magnetic field．

這些元件已加屏蔽，因此不受磁場的影響。

類似的形容詞及其短語還有：absent(不在，不到)，awkward(不熟練，不 靈活，使用起來不方便)，bad(令人不愉快的，不受歡迎的，不舒服的)，blind(看不到，不注意)，dead(無生命的，無感覺的，不毛的)，difficult(不容易 的)，：foreign to(不適合的，與??無關)，short of(不夠)和poor(不好的，不幸的)等。

(四)介詞或介詞詞組

(1)That kind of thing is very extraordinary.It seems against nature.不過那種事情很不尋常，似乎不符合自然規律。

(2)These planes were held back to protect our home inlands instead of being used

where they were badly needed．

這些飛機被留在后方保衛后方本島，未用于其他急需的地方。(3)It was beyond your power to sign such a contract．

你無權簽訂這種合同。

(4)It is generally believed that the men who are habitually behind time are as

habitually behind success．

人們普遍相信，習慣不準時的人通常也不會成功。

(5)Only one of us has ever gone to live in the village and he was back in town

within five months．

我們中只有一個人真正在鄉村生活過，不過這個人待了不到5個月就返回了城里。(五)副詞

(1)Slowly the old man pulled the letter out of the envelope，and unfolded it．

這位老人不慌不忙地從信封里抽出信紙，然后打了開來。

(2)The officers and soldiers blazed away until they had no ammunition left．

官兵們連續不斷地射擊，直到用盡所有的子彈。

(3)The subversion attempts of the enemy proved predictably futile．

不出所料，敵人的顛覆活動證明毫無效果。

(4)Time is what we want most，but what many use worst·

時間是我們最缺少的，但許多人卻最不善于利用時間。

(5)So far，experts have had about the same degree of success as stock—market

forecasters，which is to say they do badly．

到目前為止，匯率預測專家的成功率與股票市場上的預測者大體一樣，這就是說他們做得不好。(六)連接詞及其短語

(1)He is too careful not to have noticed it．

他那么小心，不會不注意到這一點的。

(2)Unless English team improves their game，they are going to lose the match.如果英格蘭隊不改進打法，就會榆掉這場比賽。

(3)The old lady would rather be buried with her money under a mountain of rock

than trust another bank．

老太太寧可和她的錢一起被葬入石山下，也不再相信任何一家銀行了。(4)Until he spoke I had not realized he was foreign．

他要是不說話，我還一直不知道他是外國人。(七)某些固定短語

(1)The restaurant was anything but satisfactory．

這家餐館太不讓人滿意了。

(2)Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with

dignity．

雙方認為，那個和平建議他們可以接受，而又不失體面。(3)1 was at a loss to understand what she alluded to．

我無法領會她談話中的所指。(4)The escaped criminal is still at large．

逃犯仍未捉拿歸案。

(5)The islanders in this small country found themselves far from ready to fight the war．

這個小國的島民們發現自己遠遠沒有做好作戰準備。

(6)There are many energy sources in store．The problem has been to use the

energy at a reasonable cost．

有許多能源尚未開發。問題在于要以一個合理的代價利用這些能源。(八)句子

(1)Let me watch you at it again．

再讓我逮著，可饒不了你。

(2)If it worked once，it Can work twice．

一次得手，再次不愁。

(3)It’S human nature to want something better．

人總是不滿足于現狀。

(4)We are wiser than to believe such stories．

我們還不至于蠢到竟然相信這種謊言。

(5)Her grandfather is already 80，but he carries his years lightly

她祖父已80歲了，可是并不顯老。

(九)某些含有否定意義的諺語和警句

英語中有些諺語和警句翻成漢語時，也可采用正說反譯法，盡可能用簡練的 漢語或相應的漢語成語來表達。例如：

(1)Seeing is believing．

百聞不如一見。

(2)Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven．

寧為雞頭，不為牛后。

(3)Let sleeping dog lie．

莫惹事生非。

(4)Bite off more than one Can chew·

貪多嚼不爛。

(5)Call a spade a spade．

直言不諱。

(6)A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。

二、反說正譯法

反說正譯法指的是將英語中有些與not等否定詞連用的詞語或帶有否定詞綴 的詞語譯成漢語的肯定形式。這樣做有時是為了將原文中某些否定形式所具有的 肯定含義清楚地表達出來；在另外一些時候也許是為了將譯文組織得更加自然流 暢。當然，也常?？赡軆煞N目的兼而有之。(一)名詞

(1)It was said that someone had sown discord among us.據說有人在我們中間挑撥離間。

(2)The dishonesty of the government officials was exposed by the newspaper.政府官員們的欺詐行為在報紙上披露了出來。(3)A look of disbelief replaced the smile on her face．

懷疑的神色取代了她臉上的微笑。

(4)He manifested a strong dislike for his mother’s job．

他對他母親的工作表示出強烈的厭惡情緒。(5)These slums ale a disgrace to the city government.這些貧民窟是市政府的恥辱。

(6)They were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of their guide.他們向導的突然失蹤使他們感到困惑不解。

(7)There has been serious disagreement between the two countries over this

question．

關于這個問題兩個國家之間存在著嚴重分歧。(二)動詞

(1)T}le employer could dismiss any employee who had ever displeased him·

雇主可以解雇任何曾得罪過他的雇員。(2)How he longed to unsay his tactless words!

他多么希望收回他那些不得體的話啊!(3)The mother gently disengaged her hand from that of her sleeping daughter·

母親小心翼翼地從熟睡的女兒手里抽出自己的手。

(4)We are now unprovided with the techniques necessary for the manufactoring of

rags into paper．

我們目前缺乏用破布造紙所需的技術。

(5)The thief jumped over a neighboring garden wail and disappeared among the crowds．

這個小偷從鄰居的花園墻頭上翻了出去，在人群中消失了。(三)形容詞

(1)This kind of bird is unusual winter visitors to America.這種鳥冬季很少到美國來。

(2)It was inconsiderate of her to mention the matter in his hearing.她實在輕率，競當著他的面談論此事。(3)All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物館內一切展品禁止觸摸。

(4)APEC will have to be non-discriminatory and it will have to seek to be open

rather than closed in its approach．

亞太經濟合作組織必須一視同仁，而且態度上必須是開放的，而不是封閉的。(5)Peter was an indecisive sort of person and could not be a good leader.彼得這人優柔寡斷，當不了好領導。(四)副詞

(1)The show was，unfortunately，one of the dullest we have ever seen.可惜的是，這次演出是我們所看過的最乏味的演出。(2)She carelessly glanced through the note and got away.她馬馬虎虎地看了看那張便條就走了。(3)All things invariably divide into two．

事物都是一分為二的。

(4)“I don't know if I ought to have come，”he said breathlessly，grasping Sandy’s arm．

“我不知道我該不該來”，他氣喘吁吁地說，一把抓住了桑迪的胳膊。(5)Johnson believed that the Minister of Education had in fact dishonorably

resigned from office．

約翰遜認為該教育部長辭職實際上是很丟面子的。(五)短語

(1)His escape was nothing short of being miraculous·

他的脫險可以說是個奇跡。

(2)The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of lung cancer.調查結果清清楚楚地說明，人死于肺癌。

(3)It would be foolish，not to say mad，to sell your house.你要賣房子真蠢，簡直是瘋了。(4)There is nothing like mineral water to quench one’s thirst．

礦泉水是解渴的最好飲料。

(5)She meant to help，no doubt，but in fact she has been a hindrance．

她的的確確是想幫忙的，可實際上卻成了累贅。(6)The enemy’s spies were not going to lose sight of us．

敵人的密探一直在監視我們的行蹤。

(7)A11 men between 18 and 45 without exception are expected to serve in the

army during the War．

所有18歲至45歲的男子統統要在戰時服役。(六)句子

(1)For many years there was no closeness between the two countries．

兩國關系曾疏遠了很多年。

(2)The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us．

這些事件引起了我們的注意。

(3)The United Nations Organization has not，so far，justified the hopes which the

people of the world set on it．

到目前為止，聯合國辜負了世界人民寄予的希望。

(4)A book may be compared to your neighbor；if it be good，it cannot last too

long；if bad，you cannot get rid of it too early．

書好比鄰居，如果是本好書，相伴得越久越好；如果是本壞書，越早擺脫掉越好。(5)Knowledge about the most powerful computers man has ever developed is too

valuable not to share．

人類已經開發出功率極大的計算機，這方面的知識極為寶貴，應為人類共享。

三、英語中的雙重否定旬

英語中的雙重否定句，除了有時可以譯成漢語的雙重否定句外，一般說來應 譯成肯定句。不過，它是一種特殊的強調句式。以have to(不得不)為例，兩個 “不”字去掉以后意思不變，但語氣強度就差多了。例如：

(1)There is no evil without compensation．

惡有惡報。

(2)There is not any advantage without disadvantage．

有一利必有一弊。

(3)There is no grammatical rule than has no exception．

條條語法規則都有例外。(也可譯為“世上沒有不例外的語法規則”。)

(4)It never rains but pours．

不雨則已．雨必傾盆。

(5)The charging of a condenser from a battery is not unlike the filling of a tank

from all oil reservoir．

電池給電容器充電就像油罐給油箱加油一樣。

(6)We can’t be too careful in doing this kind of experiment．

我們在做這類實驗時應盡可能小心。(也可譯為“我們在做這類試驗時

無論怎樣小心也不過分”。)(7)I 8nl not reluctant to accept your proposal．

我非常愿意接受你的建議。(也可譯為“你的建議我并非不愿接受”。)當然，有的英語雙重否定句譯為漢語的雙重否定句更為通順。(1)There is no story without coincidence．

無巧不成書。

(2)The significance of this report and importance Can never be overemphasized．

這個報告的意義和重要性，不管怎樣強調，也不算過分。

四、委婉式肯定

英語中的這種句子是一種迂回的表示肯定的方式，字面上看似否定，實際上 是委婉的肯定。例如：

(1)I couldn’t feel better·

我感覺好極了。

(2)He can’t see you quickly enough-

他很想盡快和你見面。

(3)I couldn’t agree with you more-

我太贊成你的看法了。

f41 He didn’t half like the girl-

他非常喜歡那姑娘。

五、否定的陷阱

英語中的一些否定結構如果按字面意義理解很容易出錯，這些結構我們稱之 為“否定的陷阱”。下面就是一些有代表性的結構。(一)cannot?too(怎么??也不)(1)You cannot be too careful in proofreading.校對時，越仔細越好。

(2)We shall never be able to stress too much for his kindness.不管我們怎么感謝他，都不足以報恩于萬一。

(3)The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated 這次大會的重要性無論怎么強調也不過分。(二)not?because(并非因為??而)(1)Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time．

不要因為時間緊而敷衍搪塞。

(2)This project is not placed last because it is difficult to be put into practice

此方案并非因為它不好實施而被放在最后。

(3)The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished．

發動機并不是因為燃料耗盡而停止運轉的。(三)for all?(盡管??，不，說不定)(1)You may leave at once for all I care．

你盡可立即離去，我才不管呢。

(2)For all we knew，the files we were supposed to fetch were already on

their way．

說不定該由我們去取的文件已在途中。

(3)She seemed as fresh as ever，for all that I never saw her drink or eat．

盡管我從未見到她喝點什么或吃點什么，她似乎仍然精神飽滿。(四)both?not(并非兩者??都)(1)Both the instruments are not precision ones.這兩件東西不都是精密儀器。(2)But you see，we both cannot go together．

但是我告訴你，我們倆不能同時都走。(五)all／every?not(并非??都)(1)All towns did not look like as they do today．

在過去，城鎮并不都像今天這樣個個千篇一律。(2)All that glitters is not gold．

發光的并一定都是金子。

(六)It be+a．+n．+that?(再??也難免)(1)It is all ill wind that blows nobody good．

壞事未必對人人都有害處。(也可譯為“再壞的事也不是對人人都有害處”。)(2)It is a good workman that never blunders．

智者千慮，必有一失。(也可譯為“再聰明的工匠也難免出錯”。)(3)It is a long lane that had no end．

路必有彎。(也可譯為“再長的胡同也有盡頭”。)最后值得一提的是，在英漢翻譯過程中，反譯法的使用必須要針對具體情況 靈活掌握，切不可一概而論，機械套用。有些英語詞語或句子正譯、反譯皆可，兩者并無實質性差別，究竟采用何種譯法主要依據個人行文習慣或視具體的上下文而定。

(1)We have found your terms and conditions agreeable．

譯文l：我們同意你方條款。

譯文2：我們對你方條款沒有異議。

(2)Much to our regret，the packing of the landed goods is quite different from

that you have promised．

譯文l：十分遺憾，到貨的包裝與貴方承諾的相差很大。

譯文2．十分遺憾，到貨的包裝與貴方承諾的大不相同。

(3)The works of art were left intact，the money gone·

譯文l：藝術品還在，錢卻不翼而飛。

譯文2：藝術品原封未動，錢卻不翼而飛。

1．將下列句子譯成漢語，并注意將斜體部分反說正譯。(1)The doubt was still unsolved after our repeated explanations·

(2)We are not completely satisfied with your manner of doing business·

(3)After the ship unloads at the dock，the goods will go to the container freight(4)Students，with no exception，are to hand in their papers tomorrow afternoon．(5)The thought of returning to our native land never deserted us at that time．

(6)It is generally believed that there is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise．(7)The system of gas supply in the city leaves nothing to be desired．(8)The significance of these incidents wasn't lost on them．

(9)Their undisguised effort to persecute the leaders of opposition party met with

nationwide condemnation．

(10)Suddenly she heard a sound behind her，and realized she was not alone in the room.2．將下列句子譯成漢語，并注意將斜體部分正說反譯。

(1)While trade is good in my company，money is very tight at present.(2)The Foreign Minister doubted the desirability of a negotiation to be held at that time．

(3)Charles dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the 0ld man．

(4)In your eagerness to secure profits，you have failed to give due consideration to the sellers’ standpoints．

(5)If the weather holds a few days，the team of the explorers will set off．

(6)While I liked his work，I pointed out areas where improvement was possible．(7)In the event of any contingencies beyond our control，we shall not be held

responsible for the late delivery of the goods．

(8)In the absence of a settlement through negotiation，the case under dispute call be

submitted to arbitration．

(9)Cowards die many times before their death；the valiant never taste of death but

0nce．

(10)One of the advantages of the fibre-optic communications is freedom from direct

effect of interfering radio transmission．

第三篇：2018考研英語長難句翻譯技巧：分句法

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

2018考研英語長難句翻譯技巧：分句法

長難句是考研英語翻譯和閱讀中常見的一個難點，是考生必須要攻克的壁壘之一。攻克長難句的指導思想就是拆分解讀，需要考生配合相應的一些技巧，本文中要分享的就是長難句翻譯的分句法，大家理解學習。

2018考研英語長難句翻譯技巧：分句法

分句法，有時英語長句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關系并不十分密切，翻譯時可以按照漢語多用短句的習慣，把長句的從句或短語化成句子，分開來敘述，為了使語意連貫，有時需要適當增加詞語。例如：

例 1.The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英語中是一個相對簡單的句子，但是如果我們按照原文的句子結構死譯，就可能被翻譯成：

沒有閱讀能力的美國青年人的數目令人難以相信約為 1/4。這樣，就使得譯文極為不通順，不符合漢語的表達習慣，因此，我們應該把它譯為：大約有 1/4 的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力，這簡直令人難以置信。

例 2.Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考題)

分析：在此長句中，有一個插入語“it is often said”，三個并列的謂語結構，還有一個定語從句，這三個并列的謂語結構盡管在結構上同屬于同一個句子，但都有獨立的意義，因此在翻譯時，可以采用分句法，按照漢語的習慣把整個句子分解成幾個獨立的分句，結果為：人們常說，通過電視可以了解時事，掌握科學和政治的最新動態。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節目。

下面我們再舉一個例子：

例 3.All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85 年考題)

他們所必須做的只是按一下開關。開關一開，就可以看到電視劇、電影、歌劇，以及

其他各種各樣的文藝節目。至于政治問題的辯論、最近的激動人心的足球賽更是不在話下。

頁 共 1 頁

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

例 4.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.雖然在某處已經開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會發展成高度復雜、有智慧的型式，但是行星的數目如此之多，以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個天然組成部分。

長難句是考研英語翻譯和閱讀中常見的一個難點，是考生必須要攻克的壁壘之一。攻克長難句的指導思想就是拆分解讀，需要考生配合相應的一些技巧，凱程網考研頻道本文中要分享的就是長難句翻譯的分句法，大家理解學習。

2017考研英語長難句翻譯技巧：分句法

分句法，有時英語長句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關系并不十分密切，翻譯時可以按照漢語多用短句的習慣，把長句的從句或短語化成句子，分開來敘述，為了使語意連貫，有時需要適當增加詞語。例如：

例 1.The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.上句在英語中是一個相對簡單的句子，但是如果我們按照原文的句子結構死譯，就可能被翻譯成：

沒有閱讀能力的美國青年人的數目令人難以相信約為 1/4。這樣，就使得譯文極為不通順，不符合漢語的表達習慣，因此，我們應該把它譯為：大約有 1/4 的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力，這簡直令人難以置信。

例 2.Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考題)

分析：在此長句中，有一個插入語“it is often said”，三個并列的謂語結構，還有一個定語從句，這三個并列的謂語結構盡管在結構上同屬于同一個句子，但都有獨立的意義，因此在翻譯時，可以采用分句法，按照漢語的習慣把整個句子分解成幾個獨立的分句，結果為：人們常說，通過電視可以了解時事，掌握科學和政治的最新動態。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節目。

下面我們再舉一個例子：

例 3.All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(85 年考題)2 頁 共 2 頁

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

他們所必須做的只是按一下開關。開關一開，就可以看到電視劇、電影、歌劇，以及

其他各種各樣的文藝節目。至于政治問題的辯論、最近的激動人心的足球賽更是不在話下。

例 4.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns，so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.雖然在某處已經開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會發展成高度復雜、有智慧的型式，但是行星的數目如此之多，以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個天然組成部分。

其實看看凱程考研怎么樣，最簡單的一個辦法，看看他們有沒有成功的學生，最直觀的辦法是到凱程網站，上面有大量學員經驗談視頻，這些都是凱程扎扎實實的輔導案例，其他機構網站幾乎沒有考上學生的視頻，這就是凱程和其他機構的優勢，凱程是扎實輔導、嚴格管理、規范教學取得如此優秀的成績。

辨別凱程和其他機構誰靠譜的辦法。

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

頁 共 4 頁

第四篇：2014英語六級翻譯必備知識分合句法

1)分句法

把原文中一個單詞或短語譯成句子，使原文的一個句子分譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子?；蚋纱喟言牡囊粋€句子拆開，譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。

例1 八月中旬，修理組人員在驕陽下工作。

譯文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一個單句拆分成了一個并列復合句)

例2 他為人單純而坦率。

譯文: He was very clean.His mind was open.(一個單句拆分成兩個簡單句了)

例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.譯文: 母親談到她的孩子時，也許有自豪感，這是可以理解的。(形容詞被拆開)例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.譯文: 我頭三年寫了四本書，打破了以往的記錄。(名詞短語拆開)

2)合句法

把原文中兩個或以上的簡單句，主從復合句或并列復合句等譯成一個單句。例5 她已試了好幾次，要幫他們另找一所出租的房子，結果并未成功。

譯文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多個簡單句合成一個單句)

例6 他們有遵守交通規則，機器出了故障。

譯文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the

machinery.(并列復合句合成一個單句)

例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.譯文：我們對中國領導人和中國人民的贊揚不僅僅是出于禮貌。(主從復合句合成一個單句)

第五篇：俗語翻譯法

?習語大都具有鮮明代形象，適宜用來比喻事物，因而往往帶有濃厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。不少習語前后對稱，音節優美，韻律協調。由于習語具有這些特點，翻譯時就應當盡量保持這些特點。譯者除了忠實地表達原文習語的意義外，還應盡可能保持原文習語的形象比喻，豐富聯想，修辭效果以及其民族，地方特點等。

? 英語習語就其廣義而言，包括俗語，諺語，俚語等。

?習語的英譯漢有三種主要方法：直譯法，套用法，意譯法，直譯加注法 ? 一，直譯法

? To fight to the last man ? To break the record ? Under one’s nose ? Armed to the teeth ? Packed like sardines ? A die-hard

? An gentleman’s agreement ? An olive branch ? The heel of Achilles ? The open-door policy ? The most-favored-nation ? 血濃于水 ? 吠犬不咬人 ? 滾石不生苔

? 海內存知己，天涯若比鄰 ? 兼聽則明，偏聽則暗

以眼還眼，以牙還牙 引狼入室 自助者天助

千里之行，始于足下

The gift itself may be as light as a feather, but sent from afar, it conveys deep feelings.? A gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists.? Good medicine is bitter in the mouth, but good for the disease.套用法

? 也稱為以習語譯習語

? Constant dripping wears the stone ? 滴水穿石

? To burn one’s boats ? 破釜沉舟

? Walls have ears ? 隔墻有耳

? Many a little makes a mickle ? 積少成多

? Look before you leap ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? 三思而后行

There is no smoke without fire 無風不起浪

謀事在人，成事在天

The burnt child dreads the fire 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草繩

Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion 寧為雞頭，勿為牛尾

Where there’s a will, there’s a way 有志者，事竟成 殺機取卵

To kill the goose that lays golden eggs 成熱打鐵 緣木求魚

To fish in the air

Don’t wash your dirty linen in public 家丑不可外揚

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit 吃一塹，長一智

Hungry dogs will eat dirty puddings 饑不擇食

Some idioms which exhibit strong national or cultural characteristics can neither be handled by borrowing idioms from the target language nor translated literally because it would cause misunderstanding or could not be easily accepted by native speakers of the other language.In this case, it is necessary to resort to paraphrasing according to the context.To be going from bad to worse;to be deteriorating.To know practically nothing about

What’s done is done, and cannot be undone.Regardless of the consequences To be simply nothing compared to In a turmoil;to be extremely upset A fly on the wheel A bull in a china shop

(an area)flowing with milk and honey By hook or crook

To carry fire in one hand and water in the other hand Every dog had its day

This approach is used when certain idioms, particularly those with historical stories or names involved, can hardly be understood and accepted by the listener, and the translator cannot find their proper equivalents in the target language.If literal translation were used, they would lose their original vividness.殺雞給猴看 ? To kill the chicken to frighten the monkey– to punish somebody as a warning to others.? 班門弄斧

? To show off one’s skill with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter-to display one’s slight skill before an expert/ ? To teach your grandma to such eggs ? To offer to teach fish to swim ? 三個臭皮匠賽過諸葛亮

? Three cobblers with their wits combined surpass Zhu geLiang the mastermind-to heads are better than one Principles for translating idioms

? 1.retain the vividness and forceful effect ? 既往不咎

? Let bygones be bygones ? 有錢能使鬼推磨

? Money makes the mare go;money talks ? The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak ? 物以類聚，人以群分

? Birds of a feather flock together ? Once bitten, twice shy ? 2.retain the image

? A stitch in time saves nine

? Man proposes, God/Heaven disposes ? A gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists ? 3.achieve brevity

? The unexpected always happens

? Give him an inch and he will take an ell ? 天網恢恢，疏而不漏 ? Justice has long arms

? To have eyes but fail to see Taishan Mountain? To entertain an angel unawares ? You can’t eat your words ? You can’t break your promise ? You are pulling my leg

? A horse stumbles that has four legs ? He’s leading a dog’s life ? I am dead-beat today ? To take French leave ? A stony heart

? At one’s fingertips

? To have a hand like a foot ? As mute as a fish

? To return good for evil

? To shut one’s eyes against

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? To talk black into white To turn a deaf ear to Practice makes perfect To face the music Plain sailing To be dead drunk Laugh and grow fat To fly into a rage

To look for a needle in a haystack A leap in the dark

To show one’s colors

To make a noise in the world More haste, less speed Neither fish nor flesh To pick holes in

To mind one’s P’s and Q’s

To be at the end of one’s rope To flog a dead horse To turn over a new leaf

To put all one’s eggs in one basket He just had forty winks.His wife held the purse string.You should keep your nose out of here.That night he slept like a top, and woke with his knee of almost normal size.I am not talking about castles in the air-the donkey’s carrot.Mother said, “John, you’re talking through your hat.You’re craze”.His accent gave him away.The Nazis in Berlin became desperate and tried to make hell while the sun was shining.As blind as a bat

As cool as a cucumber

Between the devil and the blue sea To call a spade a spade Now or never

Much cry and little wool With tongue in cheek

To wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve The leopard cannot change its spots

As the touchstone tries gold, so gold tires men.The proof of pudding is in the eating

One cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.The mills of God grind slowly.He laughs best who laughs last.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ?

Nothing venture, nothing gain.Fish begins to stink at the head.Speech is silver, silence is gold.遠親不如近鄰

Neighbors are dearer than distant relatives/ Neighbors are more helpful than relatives/

a remote kinsfolk is not as good as a near neighbor 情人眼里出西施

Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder/

love sees no fault/

Love blinds a man to imperfections 有緣千里來相會，無緣對面不相逢

Those who are meant to meet will meet even if they are separated by a thousand miles;those who are not meant to meet will not get acquainted even if they brush shoulders with one another.醉翁之意不在酒

Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake

The drinker’s heart is not in his cup-he has something else in his mind.天有不測風云，人有旦夕禍福

Storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight.The weather and human life are both unpredictable