第一篇：歐洲文學史(成考答案)

一、填空題 10分

1、莎士比亞的四大悲劇

答案：《哈姆雷特》、《奧賽羅》、《麥克白》、《李爾王》。

2、文體形式的多樣.小說：書信體（《新愛伊絲》）

3、清教徒文學 ：約翰·班揚 《天路歷程》 約翰·彌爾頓《失樂園》、《復樂園》《斗士參孫》

4、文藝復興文學傳統中人文主義觀念：拉伯雷《巨人傳》、塞萬提斯《堂吉訶德》

5、“狂飆突進運動”青年歌德和席勒都參加了這場運動。

6、《神曲》是但丁的代表作

7、《伊利昂紀》（《伊利亞特》）與《奧德修紀》（《奧德賽》）合起來稱為《荷馬史詩》

8、“兩希”文學傳統是指 “古希臘文學傳統” 和“希伯來（Hebrew）－基督教文學傳統”

9、《伊利昂紀》（《伊利亞特》）與《奧德修紀》（《奧德賽》）合起來稱為《荷馬史詩》

10、埃斯庫羅斯的劇作《俄瑞斯忒斯》

11、《伊利昂紀》（《伊利亞特》）與《奧德修紀》（《奧德賽》）合起來稱為《荷馬史詩》盲詩人荷馬創作。

12、古希臘悲劇的三大悲劇家：①埃斯庫羅斯、②索福克勒斯、③歐里庇得斯

二、名字解釋

1、“兩希”文學傳統

答案：“兩希”文學傳統是指古希臘文學傳統和希伯萊——基督教文學傳統；古希臘文學強調人的原欲和敏感的文學傳統：《荷馬史詩》，古希臘神話與古希臘戲劇（悲、喜）；希伯萊-基督教文學是重靈魂、群體、來世的理性文學傳統：《圣經》。

2、城市市民文學

答案：城市文學由稱市民文學，它是12世紀以后隨著工商業中心城市的興起而產生的反應市民思想感情的世俗文學。取材于現實生活，充滿樂觀精神。主要內容是揭露、抨擊封建主、僧侶的愚蠢和專橫，贊美市民的勇敢、機智、美德以及聰敏；在藝術多采用諷刺手法、風格活潑。代表作是《列那狐的故事》。

3、《新生》

答案：但丁的《新生》創作于1292—1293年，為死去的女友貝阿德里采而作，風格清新真摯。（“當愛情激動我的時候，我根據它在內心發出的指示寫下來。）”

4、《神曲》

答案：《神曲》是但丁的代表作，又名《神圣的喜劇》，從1307年開始，大約用十多年的時間完成。

（1）《神曲》的結構：地獄、煉獄、天堂各三層，共各九層。

（2）《神曲》的主題：①抨擊封建專權和教會統治。②對現實世界的歌頌。③反對蒙昧主義，提倡文化。（3）《神曲》的藝術特征：①對中世紀游歷夢幻文學傳統的發揚。②作品結構上的設計的精巧合理。③人物形象的寓意象征上有其獨特內涵。

5、“七星詩社”

答案：龍薩；具有濃重的貴族傾向，風格典雅；但肯定生活，歌頌自然和愛情，反對禁欲主義，追求民族詩歌的建立。

6、“狂飆突進運動”

答案：德國啟蒙主義文學開始于18世紀20至40年代。在70-80年代的“狂飆突進運動”（名詞解釋）中得到迅猛發展。青年歌德和席勒都參加了這場運動。在這場運動中，他們大力鼓吹文學的民族性、個性、天才和自然性，主張向古代的荷馬、莎士比亞以及民歌學習，主張建立合乎“自然人性”的理想社會，歌頌大自然、兒童和淳樸的普通人民。

7、《荷馬史詩》

答案：該書創作于公元前8世紀左右，相傳是由名叫荷馬的詩人根據真正的戰爭歷史整理而成的，分為兩個部分，《伊利昂紀》和《奧德修紀》合起來稱為《荷馬史詩》。《荷馬史詩》的內容包括兩個：《伊利昂紀》寫的是公元前12世紀希臘人圍攻特洛伊城的故事；《奧德修紀》寫的是希臘英雄奧德修斯在特洛伊戰爭結束后還鄉的故事。

三、簡答題

1、請復述埃斯庫羅斯的劇作《俄瑞斯忒斯》的故事情節。

答案：《俄瑞斯忒亞》是流傳至今的唯一一部完整的古希臘三連劇，包括《阿伽門農》、《奠酒人》、《報仇神》。故事以阿耳戈斯國王阿特柔斯家族的世仇為背景。《阿伽門農》以探哨的瞭望開場，歌隊講述了阿特柔斯之子阿伽門農獻祭女兒的經過。阿伽門農在蕩平特洛伊后返回家鄉，被王后克呂泰墨斯特拉所殺。《奠酒人》描寫阿伽門農之子俄瑞斯忒斯回國，遵照阿波羅的諭令，先殺埃吉斯托斯，經猶豫復殺母親，在復仇女神追蹤下逃離。《報仇神》描寫俄瑞斯忒斯按照太陽神的指令前往雅典，求雅典娜幫助。當俄瑞斯忒斯被復仇女神指控后，經法庭審判，定罪票與赦罪票持平，雅典娜最終投票赦免被告。這個三部曲的基本主題反映了父權制對母權制的斗爭和勝利。

2、請復述歐里庇得斯的劇作《美狄亞》的故事情節。

答案：在希臘神話中，她是科奇斯島會施法術的公主，也是太陽神赫利俄斯的后裔。她集美貌、智慧、強勢于一身，與來到島上尋找金羊毛的伊阿宋王子一見鐘情。為了幫助伊阿宋取得金羊毛，美狄亞用自己的法術幫助伊阿宋完成了自己父親定下的不可能任務。取得金羊毛后，美狄亞和伊阿宋一起踏上返回希臘的旅程。

美狄亞的父親聽到她逃走的消息，派她的弟弟前往追回她。為了捍衛自己的愛情，美狄亞殺死了自己的弟弟，并將弟弟的尸體切開，分割成碎段，拋在山上各處，讓父親和追趕的差役忙于收尸，以此拖延時間和伊阿宋一行人離開。

伊阿宋回國后，美狄亞用計殺死了篡奪王位的伊阿宋的叔叔幫助伊阿宋取回王位。從此二人擁有過度并過上了幸福的生活。

10年的時光過去了，伊阿宋一方面畏懼美狄亞的魔法會傷及自己，另一方面厭倦了美狄亞的容貌愛上了鄰國的公主。為此，由愛生恨的美狄亞實施了她的復仇計劃：用下了毒的衣服殺死了伊阿宋的新歡，同事包括她的兩個孩子。愛恨交錯，美狄亞用她極端的方式來維護了她極端的愛情，用極端的方式來詮釋了她信仰的忠誠與背叛。

3、請簡述文藝復興文學傳統中人文主義觀念的發展。

答案：（1）14世紀初－15世紀中葉，人文主義文學發展的早期，主要是以人的“欲望（desire）”張揚來抨擊神權的不合理。主要成就在意大利與英國。薄伽丘《十日談》、喬叟《坎特伯雷故事集》。

（2）15世紀下半葉－16世紀上半葉，人文主義文學發展的中期，主要是展示“巨人（Giant）” 風采。主要成就在法國。拉伯雷《巨人傳》。

（3）16世紀下半葉－17世紀初，人文主義文學發展的晚期，對人性缺陷或者惡的展現與探討。主要成就在西班牙與英國。塞萬提斯《堂吉訶德》、莎士比亞的戲劇。

四、論述題

1、請結合作品分析莎士比亞《哈姆雷特》中“哈姆雷特”這一人物形象的性格物征。

答案：（1）人類自信的象征（快樂王子）：“人類是一件多么了不得的杰作！多么高貴的理性！多么偉大的力量！多么優美的儀表！多么文雅的舉動！在行為上多么像一個天使！在智慧上多么像一個天神！宇宙的精華！萬物的靈長！” “朝臣的眼睛、學者的辯舌、軍人的利劍、國家所矚望的一朵嬌花；時流的明鏡、人倫的雅范、舉世注目的中心，這樣無可挽回地殞落了！

（2）人性復雜的象征（延宕王子）：“仿佛負載萬物的大地，這一座美好的框架，只是一個不毛的荒島；這個覆蓋眾生的蒼穹，這一頂壯麗的帳幕，這個金黃色的火球點綴著的莊嚴的屋宇，只是一大堆污濁的瘴氣的集合。”哈姆雷特的猶豫和延宕是對人之局限性、內在復雜性的展示。

（3）人性完整的象征：人性的自信；人性的缺陷（復仇、彷徨）；人性的內省；圓形人物。

2、請復述索福克勒斯的劇作《俄底浦斯王》的故事情節。

答案：（公元前431）是索福克勒斯(Sophocles)的代表作。它取材于希臘神話傳說中關于俄狄浦斯殺父娶母的故事

俄狄浦斯是忒拜王拉伊奧斯的兒子，拉伊奧斯預知自己的兒子會殺父娶母，因此，俄狄浦斯一出生就被他父親讓牧人把他拋棄，但是，科林斯王發現了他，把他收為養子。俄狄浦斯長大成人后，知道自己可怕的命運，便逃了出去，可事不湊巧，他恰好來到了忒拜，在那里當了國王，還娶了前王的妻子。后來，忒拜城里發生了瘟疫，死了很多人，弄得人心慌慌。神說只有找出殺害前王的兇手，瘟疫才能停止。而當地的預言家說兇手就是俄底浦斯，俄底浦斯不信，認為是有人陷害他。王后告訴他前王是在一個三叉路口被人殺害的，俄狄浦斯懷疑前王是自己所害，因為他確實在一個三叉路口殺害過一個老人。后來，經過調查，找到了當年的牧人，事情的真相大白，應了神的預言，俄底浦斯受到命運的懲罰。俄底浦斯刺瞎了自己的雙眼離開的忒拜王國流放自己......3、請復述《偽君子》的故事情節。名著《偽君子》---作者莫里哀，共為五幕劇 《偽君子》寫偽裝圣潔的教會騙子答爾丟夫混進商人奧爾恭家，圖謀勾引其妻子并奪取其家財，最后真相敗露，鋃鏜入獄。劇作深刻揭露了教會的虛偽和丑惡，答爾丟夫也成為“偽君子”的代名詞。其劇作在許多方面突破古典主義的陳規舊套，結構嚴謹，人物性格和矛盾沖突鮮明突出，語言機智生動，手法夸張滑稽，風格潑辣尖利，對世界喜劇藝術的發展有深遠的影響。

4、請復述《十日談》中“綺思夢達的故事”的情節。

答案：這是一篇愛情故事，故事突出描寫了一位新時代新女性綺思夢達的形象。年輕漂亮的綺思夢達早年喪夫，成了寡婦，但真性情的她卻從來沒有喪失對真愛的追尋。可是他的父親唐克烈國王封建保守，過多疼愛女兒也不愿女兒再嫁。父親身邊有一個叫紀斯卡多的侍衛，品德高尚、氣宇軒昂，綺思夢達勇敢愛上了他，隨后二人陷入愛河，使用各種方法秘密約會，但是紙包不住火，唐克烈國王有一天發現了綺思夢達與紀斯卡多的私情，對此非常惱火。唐克烈國王責怪女兒不應該跟如此低賤身份的人來往，綺思夢達無畏地向父親表露真情，并不斷地夸贊紀斯卡多各種優點以及自己寧死不屈的決心。唐克烈國王不聽女兒的任何勸阻，強權之下殺了紀斯卡多，并把紀斯卡多的心臟裝入金杯當做禮物送給綺思夢達，綺思夢達淚如雨下親吻了那顆心臟，隨后把早已準備好的毒草汁一飲而下，當場殉情而忙。唐克烈國王得知女兒自殺的消息他追悔莫及。大結局他隨了女兒臨終前的愿望把綺思夢達和紀斯卡多合葬在一起，并舉行了隆重的葬禮。整個故事完整地展現了綺思夢達勇敢而愛與命運抗爭、與父親抗爭、與時代抗爭的新時代女性情懷。

第二篇：《歐洲文學史》讀書筆記

緒言

古希臘文學，重點：荷馬史詩，希臘悲劇，柏拉圖《對話錄》，亞里士多德《詩學》，他們是歐洲文學傳統中最根本的理論和實踐的基礎。

中世紀歐洲文學，重點，法國。法蘭西文學吸收了日耳曼民族文學和凱爾特民族文學的精華。《羅蘭之歌》亞瑟王的故事《玫瑰傳奇》《列那狐傳奇》

中世紀過渡到文藝復興，重點《神曲》

文藝復興：英國代表，莎士比亞的戲劇和詩歌。法國拉伯雷《巨人傳》反應文藝復興時期人文主義精神和教育改革要求，西班牙《堂吉訶德》最早的一部歐洲現代小說

啟蒙運動時期，法國文學，法：雨果，德：萊辛，歌德，席勒，英：華茲華斯，拜倫，雪萊，歐洲近代史的積極意義，斯本格勒（Oswald Spengler）《西方的衰落》西方歷史分為三個時期：

一、古代，阿波羅精神（the Apollonian Soul），二、中世紀，“東方賢人精神”（the Magian Soul），三、近代，“浮士德精神”（the Faustain Soul）。歌德晚年將浪漫主義和古典主義融合在一起，是他以前歐洲文學傳統的集大成者。

歐洲文學傳統中最突出的特點就是作品的思想性和藝術性的統一。第一章，古希臘文學 第一節，概述

歐洲古代文學主要指公元前9世紀到前1世紀產生在歐洲本土上的文學，最具代表性的是希羅。

古希臘文學產生的歷史文化背景：一是歐洲本土的上古文化，二是埃及、亞細亞文化。上古文化：克里特—邁錫尼文化（前30-12世紀），即愛琴文化

前30世紀后期，克里特島進入青銅時代，前16世紀中葉全盛，線形文字A，前14世紀毀滅，火山地震

邁錫尼，前20世紀中葉，亞該亞人所創，他們與前20南遷，征服土著，線形文字B，前12-11世紀，北方多里安人（多利斯人）南下摧毀之。

前11-8世紀，荷馬時代/英雄時代，歐洲上古文化從此讓位于古希臘文化 第二節，希臘神話

兩部分：神的故事，英雄傳說

神的故事：關于開天辟地、神的產生、神的譜系、天上的改朝換代、人類的起源和神的日常活動。萬物都是神的身影，萬事取決于神的意志。古希臘人常在神話中嘲笑神的邪惡，指責神的不公正。荷馬史詩：“神給可憐的人以恐懼和痛苦，神自己則幸福而無憂地生活著。”

英雄傳說：對于遠古的歷史、社會生活和人與自然做斗爭等事件的回憶。英雄傳說以不同的家族為中心形成了許多系統：赫拉克勒斯的12件大功，忒修斯的為民除害，伊阿宋取金羊毛，特洛伊戰爭等。

神話中包括一部分關于生產知識的傳說。

神話是古希臘文學的土壤，此后的詩歌、悲劇等都以神話和英雄傳說為題材。第三節，荷馬史詩

荷馬年代無定論，約前10至前8、9之間。

荷馬是盲人的說法相當流行，因為古希臘賣唱者“行吟詩人”多半是盲人。

兩個時期：口頭流傳時期，文字流傳時期。史詩最初形成在前12-9前后，前6世紀，僭主庇西特拉圖命人用文字記錄下來，前3-2世紀，由亞歷山德里亞學者編訂，每部各分為20卷。

產生過程：小歌說，核心說，統一說

小歌說：荷馬史詩是由若干各自成篇的“小歌”連綴而成，并非荷馬個人成果。[德]沃爾夫：荷馬史詩中有若干前后矛盾、重復之處，很像是若干民間口頭創作的短歌集合體。

核心說：承認荷馬史詩的基礎很可能由若干短詩構成，但又進一步指出荷馬及其門徒并未停留在這一基礎之上，而是由此將短篇有機地建構，加工成長篇巨制。集體創作+和人修改補充。

統一說：荷馬的兩部史詩具有統一的藝術結構，只可能出自一人手筆。因此作者就是荷馬。

《伊利亞特》較早，24卷，15693行，背景：阿喀琉斯父母婚禮，不和女神厄里斯，特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿弗洛狄忒，斯巴達國王墨涅拉俄斯，海倫，邁錫尼王阿伽門農，十萬大軍戰艦千艘，特洛伊王子赫克托耳，帕里斯之弟，戰爭第十年，阿喀琉斯拒絕參戰，是為楔子，講述51天。帕忒洛克羅斯，普里阿摩斯（老國王），葬禮。

《奧德賽》波塞冬，第十年，斯刻里亞島，艾菲克斯人，阿爾喀諾俄斯，忘憂果之鄉，獨眼巨人庫克羅普斯，愛奧里亞，風神之袋，變豬女巫島，冥界，塞壬妖女島，太陽神島，神女卡呂浦索，奧吉吉亞島，七年，宙斯雅典娜等天神，四天造小船，斯刻里亞島，求婚者，佩涅洛佩。

荷馬史詩的主題是歌頌希臘全民的光榮史跡，贊美勇敢正義無私勤勞等美德，謳歌樂觀主義精神，肯定人與生活的價值。許多英雄人物同時是勞動能手，勞動不是卑賤之事。荷馬史詩把人的命運歸于神的意志，充滿了濃厚的宿命論思想，人的斗爭常常是神的斗爭的縮影。荷馬史詩極為生動豐富地展現了古希臘英雄們的戰斗生活及種種歷史場面。反映了政治軍事制度，反映經濟生活、社會生活，階級、私有制和奴隸勞動制。為父系家長制社會提供了豐富例證。荷馬史詩是古希臘人生活的百科全書，體現了古希臘人對天文、地理、歷史、宗教、社會、哲學、藝術、神話一切知識。

荷馬史詩不做價值判斷，是一種對人本身的歌頌。人物形象主次分明，詳略有度，褒貶客觀，毀譽得當，栩栩如生。

阿喀琉斯，兩次發怒。“阿喀琉斯的憤怒是我的主題” 赫克托耳，成熟的悲劇英雄：1.預知特洛伊及其整個民族、家庭的毀滅，依然肩負大任，抗爭命運。2.富于正義感，卻為了民族利益違心地義不容辭地戰斗。強烈的責任感和剛柔相濟的善良人性。

奧德修斯，荷馬史詩及整個歐洲文學的中心形象。聰明的領導者，勞動能手，勇敢的戰士，受人愛戴的奴隸主，好丈夫。

荷馬史詩的結構：重點突出，繁簡分明。開場頗具匠心（《伊利亞特》以矛盾開場，有戲劇性）。細節描寫方面非常出色。語言藝術為人稱道（善用比喻，不用連接詞的排比，固定形容詞綽號，現實主義浪漫主義交相輝映）。

缺點：失實描寫，文風枝蔓，渲染過重，陳詞濫調（古典作品難以避免的現象）。第四節：古希臘詩歌和伊索寓言

赫希俄德，前8末7初，祖籍小亞細亞，荷馬之后第一為偉大的詩人。教諭詩《農作與時日》《神譜》。與其前輩大相異趣，但還是屬于傳統派。

《農作與時日》828行，六音步詩行。弟弟珀耳塞斯。具有史詩的體裁，可以看做道德格言集和農業歷書。兩種競爭：自食其力勤勞刻苦/奸詐或暴力。勸告弟弟做事要公正，不要從事充斥于市場和法庭的那種競爭。神話故事：普羅米修斯盜天火，潘多拉打開裝滿邪惡的罐子，諸神本和凡人同根。人類發展史是一部在道德上不斷墮落的歷史，黃金白銀青銅黑鐵。古希臘文學中第一個動物寓言：鷹教訓夜鶯不要愚蠢地和強者競爭。全詩以相當篇幅詠唱農夫的年歷，較詳細記載了種種宗教祭日和從事不同工作時的黃道吉日。《農作與時日》是古希臘流傳下來的第一首以現實生活為題材的詩作，風格清新自然，平易簡潔；后來成為古羅馬詩人維吉爾《農事詩》范本。古希臘抒情詩：雙行體詩，諷刺詩，琴歌，牧歌。琴歌分為獨唱琴歌、合唱琴歌。雙行體（蘆管詩體）抒情詩中最早的詩體。最早的詩人，卡里諾斯（前7上半葉，以弗利所人）。最擅長者，西摩尼得斯（前6中葉-前5中葉）。前7下半葉的提耳泰俄斯（政治）、明涅爾摩斯（愛情）、梭倫（前640-558）

諷刺詩，源于民間的口頭嘲諷。阿爾喀羅科斯，最著名，尖銳有力。前6世紀之后，諷刺詩一蹶不振，逐漸衰落。

琴歌，龜殼琴伴奏。獨唱琴歌，各節音步節奏相同。合唱：首節次節末節。獨唱琴歌著名詩人：薩福（女），阿爾凱奧斯，阿那克里翁

薩福（前612-？），萊斯博斯島，古希臘最杰出的抒情女詩人，在民主派反對貴族的政治斗爭中曾被迫流亡國外，后來在故鄉辦音樂學校，教授音樂、詩歌。九卷詩，兩卷比較完整。大都描寫愛情，詞句艷麗無比，情調感傷，感情真摯。《致阿克納托里亞》。同性戀。1703詩作于羅馬、君士坦丁堡公開焚毀，罪名是有傷風化。詩國女荷馬，柏拉圖稱之為“名列第十的繆斯”。因失戀而跳巖自殺。

阿爾凱奧斯（前620？-570？）萊斯博斯島，米蒂利尼城貴族，薩福之友，卷入政治斗爭，被放逐，戎馬一生。作品多為應酬答和詩、政治詩、戰爭詩、飲酒詩、情詩。飲酒詩最具體色，最有名，稱“輪唱體”，后成為一種固定的詩體。其詩總體上洋溢著樂觀的戰斗精神和年輕人的朝氣，不時流露出憂國憂民，緬懷故土的情思。行文流暢，自然優雅，音調和諧，他和薩福使古希臘抒情詩達到登峰造極的地步。

阿那克里翁（前550？-465？）忒俄斯島，聲名不佳。傳世六卷詩，歌唱醇酒、愛情，被后世模仿，稱“阿那克里翁體”

合唱琴歌題材較為廣泛：頌神歌、日神頌、酒神頌、酒歌、少女歌、婚歌、葬歌、贊美歌和勝利歌（頌揚競技活動中勝利者）

品達羅斯（前518-前442/438），17卷，4卷勝利歌（共計45首詩）。早期成名作《皮托競技勝利者頌》第10首（前498）。品達羅斯的詩富麗堂皇，辭藻華麗，形式完美，影響后世。17世紀古典主義時期被奉為“崇高的詩歌”的典范，影響彌爾頓、歌德等人。

牧歌主要興盛于亞歷山德里亞時期。史詩體、雙行體。忒奧克里托斯，最有名。前3世紀上半期的比翁、中期的摩斯科斯曾模仿過。

《伊索寓言》前6上半葉伊索所作，現在的伊索寓言是前4-公元2世紀收集整理的，其中2世紀古希臘作家巴布里烏斯用格律詩改寫120余則伊索寓言很有名。動物寓言，短小生動。獅子與老鼠，狐貍與仙鶴，兔子與烏龜，狐貍和葡萄，披著羊皮的狼，牧羊人和狼。

第五節古希臘戲劇

公元前5世紀初，希波戰爭勝利，戰后雅典控制提洛海上同盟，古希臘文學迎來黃金時代。前5世紀登峰造極，前4世紀衰落。

古希臘悲劇，狄奧尼索斯，山羊之歌。

古希臘悲劇的變化：首先，在演出形式方面，古希臘悲劇脫胎于民間歌舞，因此最初的歌舞氣氛特別濃厚，尤其是合唱歌隊，在悲劇中占有重要地位。其次，演出者的角色作用變化。最初酒神頌歌隊提問，作者口占作答。前534年，特斯庇斯首次采用一個演員與歌隊對話，并使他輪流扮演幾個角色。“戲劇之父”。

古希臘悲劇大都取材于神話、英雄傳說和史詩，反映的事件和情調都很嚴肅。亞里士多德認為悲劇的目的是要引起觀眾對劇中人物的憐憫和對變幻無常的命運的恐懼，由此使感情得到凈化（宣泄陶冶升華）。嚴格地說，希臘戲劇所產生的悲劇效果不是悲，二十一中具有人生哲理意義的困惑與恐懼之情，一種對戲劇中人物遭受苦難的深刻同情。命運變幻莫測、報應屢試不爽，神秘主義因素。布局簡單、人物精煉、性格鮮明、語言質樸、風格雅致，詩人具有具足輕重的地位。埃斯庫羅斯（前525-前456）古希臘最偉大的悲劇作家。第一個采用故事連貫的“三聯劇”，有內在聯系又獨立成篇，唯一流傳的三聯劇《俄瑞斯忒斯》（血親復仇代之以法律）。使用具有異域風格和恐怖的服裝和面具，創造舞臺效果。“悲劇之父”。七部傳世之作：《俄瑞斯忒斯》三聯劇《阿伽門農》《奠酒人》《復仇女神》，《乞援人》（血親通婚制的瓦解），《波斯人》（反應希波戰爭，現存其唯一以現實為題材的悲劇），《七將攻忒拜》（內容與形式高度完美結合，第一演員第二演員合唱隊的關系顯出一種必然性的命運關系，古希臘悲劇中唯一做此種藝術處理的劇本），《（被縛的）普羅米修斯》（影響最大，主題崇高，風格雄偉莊嚴）。他是古希臘悲劇的真正創始者。增加了第二演員，戲劇性增強。歌隊的重要地位：一推動情節發展，二自始至終保持濃厚的抒情氣氛。詩句莊嚴、雄渾，夸張；語言優美，詞匯豐富，比喻奇特，偶爾堆砌。直到19世紀才受到廣泛重視。

索福克勒斯（前496-前406）雅典奴隸民主國家全盛時期。“生前完滿，身后無憾。”肯定民主，反對僭主。120-130部劇作，僅流傳7部。《埃阿斯》《安提涅戈》《俄狄浦斯王》《厄勒克特拉》《特刺喀斯少女》《菲羅克特忒斯》《俄狄浦斯在科羅諾斯》。《俄狄浦斯王》《安提涅戈》兩部最有名，前者高超的結構技巧。“命運悲劇”繼埃斯庫羅斯之后，徹底把合唱頌歌變成戲劇，側重寫人而非寫神，個性遭遇，對照手法，性格鮮明，安排情節，演員增至3人。結構復雜、嚴密、自然，布局緊湊、完美。前431年，伯羅奔尼撒戰爭，成為思想的社會背景。

歐里庇得斯（前485-前406）雅典奴隸主民主國家危機時期。三大悲劇作家中反映現實生活最真實最具體的一位。信奉民主，晚年反對戰爭，反對雅典對聯邦的暴政。80-90部戲劇，18部流傳下來：《伊翁》《海倫》《赫卡柏》《美狄亞》《圓目巨人》《阿爾刻提斯》《希波呂托斯》《俄瑞斯忒斯》《厄勒克特拉》《安德洛瑪克》《酒神的伴侶》《請愿的婦女》《腓尼基婦女》《特洛伊婦女》《瘋狂的赫拉克勒斯》《赫拉克勒斯的兒女》《伊菲格涅亞在陶里斯》《伊菲格涅亞在奧利斯》。對政治現實的懷疑否定。《特洛伊婦女》歐洲文學史上第一部反映侵略戰爭后果的作品。海神：“你們這凡間的人真是愚蠢，你們毀了別人的都城，神的廟宇和死者安眠的墳墓，你們種下了荒涼，日后收獲的也就是毀滅啊！”歐里庇得斯另一主題是家庭問題，主要是婦女問題。18個劇本中，12個一婦女為主要人物，其中以《特洛伊婦女》《美狄亞》《希波呂托斯》婦女形象塑造最成功。美狄亞：“在一切有理智、有靈性的生物當中，我們女子算是最不幸的。”《美狄亞》動人的悲劇，情節集中，美狄亞具有典型化特征。接受了詭辯派的懷疑主義，攻擊神，描寫的不是英雄而是現實的人。他使悲劇接近了生活。創作手法兩大貢獻：寫實手法和心理分析。歌隊失去重要性。有的悲劇大團圓結局，有的甚至帶有浪漫情調與鬧劇氣氛。不大注重戲劇結構，有兩點遭到指責：1.“開場白”有一個劇中人先說明劇情2.往往用“解救天神”來解決臨近劇終的矛盾。

第二章，古羅馬文學 第一節，概述

王政時期，前753-前510。共和時期，前510-前27。屋大維執政，前27-14。羅馬和平時期，前27-193。公元2世紀，早期基督教流傳。395，羅馬分裂。746，西羅馬滅亡。

前3世紀，安德羅尼庫斯（前280-前204）希臘俘虜奴隸，將《奧德賽》譯成拉丁文，成為第一個羅馬詩人，并編譯了希臘悲、喜劇。恩尼烏斯（前239-前169），也改編希臘戲劇。

共和國中期，米南德式引人發笑的諷刺世俗的輕松戲劇發達起來。代表作家普勞圖斯，泰倫斯，反映羅馬現實，墨守希臘陳規。

共和國末期（西塞羅時期）。加圖首開演說文創作先河，西塞羅把古代雄辯術推到高峰，凱撒散文。詩人有盧克萊修、卡圖魯斯。屋大維時期，“麥凱納斯文學集團”，維吉爾、賀拉斯、奧維德。李維（前59-前17），大散文家。奧古斯都時期，缺乏前一時期的哲學探索精神和政治辯論熱情，文學風格不及前一時期遒勁豪放，單技巧卻更趨成熟。

共和國末期與屋大維時期合稱古羅馬文學黃金時代。屋大維死后二百年為白銀時代。宮廷趣味日趨濃重，2世紀前半葉達到高潮。悲劇作家塞內加，寓言詩人菲德魯斯，諷刺詩人馬希爾、朱文納爾，傳記文學家塔西佗、普魯塔克，希臘語散文家琉善。文藝理論作品《論崇高》作者相傳為朗吉努斯。

帝國末期文學創作進一步衰落。著名宗教作家基洛尼姆斯（340-420）、奧古斯丁等。帝國東遷后，形成拜占庭文化，混合希臘傳統、基督教和亞洲文化。教會排擠世俗文化，4世紀焚毀亞歷山德里亞圖書館。

第二節古羅馬戲劇

“黃金時代”成績寥寥，“白銀時代”有所發展。早期喜劇：普勞圖斯、泰倫斯，晚期悲劇：塞內加。

普勞圖斯（提圖斯·瑪丘斯·普勞圖斯，前254-前184），語言俏皮，風格粗獷。用序幕、尾聲解釋題材來源、作者情況等，用對話表現手法代替了古希臘的歌隊，接近近代喜劇。《吹牛的軍人》《孿生兄弟》（莎士比亞《錯誤的喜劇》取材于此）《俘虜》《一壇金子》（莫里哀《慳吝人》取材于此）《商人》《驢》《蝗蟲》。

泰倫斯（普布留斯·泰倫提烏斯·阿非爾，前190-前159）生于迦太基的奴隸六部喜劇《婆母》《兩兄弟》《佛爾繆》《安德洛斯的婦女》《自責者》《閹奴》，前三部占有重要位置。站在貴族立場，認為窮人不干壞事是因為沒錢，富人有錢，所以免不了要干荒唐事，應該原諒。

塞內加（魯齊烏斯·安奈烏斯·塞內加，前4-65），羅馬最重要的悲劇家。做過一任元老，公元41年因為同情共和理想被流放科西嘉島八年，期間致力于斯多葛派哲學（勸導人們用內心的寧靜克服生活中的痛苦）研究，表現了帝國時期羅馬貴族的柔弱與悲觀。其作品充滿了悲愴的絕望情緒和令人畏懼的恐怖場面，作者注重表現人物內心的痛苦，常常采用鬼魂和巫術渲染悲劇氣氛。塞內加的劇作不僅詩的格律嚴格，而且模仿一些希臘劇，把劇情的時間限制在24小時之內，把地點限制在一個地方。影響了后來英法古典戲劇家倡導的“三一律”。《變瓜記》《特洛伊婦女》（詩體寫成，不分幕，宣揚斯多葛派哲學，女人們雖然命運悲慘，但卻是精神上的勝利者）。

第三節古羅馬散文

后三頭：屋大維、安東尼、雷必達。

古羅馬散文發源于加圖（前234-前149）的演說文，繁榮于黃金時代。

西塞羅（馬爾庫斯·圖留斯·西塞羅，前106-前43）主張元老派的“賢人政治”，恢復共和政體。哲學上的折中主義，綜合希臘田園學派、斯多葛學派、伊壁鳩魯學派，并加以通俗化，對希臘哲學在歐非亞的傳播做出貢獻。主要成就是演說詞和書信。900封信，58篇演說詞（法庭演說、政治演說）。其演說注重材料程式組織，句法考究，詞匯豐富，段落對稱，音調鏗鏘，稱為“西塞羅句法”。善于通過設問、駁對等手段調動感情，增加說服力和鼓動力。演說主要是打動聽眾情緒而非訴諸理性判斷。西塞羅使拉丁散文達到極高藝術水平，確立了拉丁文“準確、流暢、清新、雄渾”的原則，成為歐洲散文的楷模。凱撒：“你的功績高于軍事將領，擴大知識領域比之于擴大羅馬帝國的版圖，在意義上更為可貴。”

凱撒（蓋尤斯·裘里斯·凱撒，前102？-前44）《高盧戰記》七卷《內戰記》三卷。凝練簡潔樸實無華，是與西塞羅判然有別的另一種拉丁文散文典范。

琉善（魯齊阿努斯，125-200）約80篇，希臘語，《諸神的對話》《死者的對話》《伯列格林努斯之死》《一個真實的故事》。諷刺宗教、哲學流派、希臘諸神。歐洲古代文學最后一位重要作家。風格輕快，機智，引用古希臘，雕琢。

第四節，古羅馬史詩

古羅馬文學成就最高的是詩歌。

盧克萊修（提圖斯·盧克萊提烏斯·喀魯斯，前99-前55）共和國末期。《物性論》六卷，每卷千余行，1473年出土。“無物能由無中生，無物能歸于無”，宇宙一切皆由原子構成，基本的唯物論觀點。史詩，哲理詩。詞語新穎，比喻生動，規模宏大，風格崇高。

維吉爾（普布留斯·維吉留斯·馬羅，前70-前19）“麥凱納斯文學集團”。30多歲《牧歌》一舉成名，打開了通往奧古斯都周圍上層社會的大門。前26左右，受奧古斯都建議，為羅馬創作史詩。《農事詩》。

《埃涅阿斯紀》最后杰作，12卷，近萬行，成于詩人最后的11年。歌頌羅馬祖先建國的功績和羅馬的光榮，埃涅阿斯的兒子尤魯斯是凱撒和屋大維的祖先，確定新統治者出身“神統”，“遵命文學”。從《埃涅阿斯紀》開始，歐洲文學出現了所謂愛情與責任相沖突的主題。流露出哀傷的情緒，同情失敗者。

模仿荷馬史詩，但有不同：1.情調不同，前者樂觀勇武蓬勃向上乃至兇狠，后者嚴肅哀婉悲天憫人乃至多愁善感；2.創作方式和形式特點，后者是世界文學史上第一部“文人史詩”，六步音英雄體，流暢簡練，音節響亮；3.前者注重英雄毛冒險本身，后者重在寫英雄的使命感、責任感，是“遵命文學”典范；4.前者人物形象生動鮮明，個性顯著，后者缺乏個性和生氣。5.語言特色，藝術手法，前者語言樸實，后者辭藻華麗，前者富戲劇性，有敘事技巧，后者平鋪直敘，略顯呆板，但首創運用夢幻、象征、暗示、諷刺等手法，重視心理刻畫。

包羅萬象，注重細節，修辭韻律，影響巨大。《神曲》中地獄和煉獄的向導。斯賓塞《仙后》彌爾頓《失樂園》模仿他。

伊泰利克斯（25-101）白銀時代。《布匿戰爭》17卷12000行，第二次布匿戰爭，拉丁文學中最長的史詩。

第三篇：歐洲文學史必讀書目

古希臘羅馬

斯威布：《希臘神話和傳說》（上、下），楚圖南譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年 ﹡ 《荷馬史詩·伊利亞特》羅念生譯，人民文學出版社，1994。

﹡《荷馬史詩·奧德賽》，王煥生譯，人民文學出版社，1997 年

《伊索寓言全集》，李汝儀等譯，譯林出版社，2002 年

﹡ 索福克勒斯：《俄狄浦斯王》，載《索福克勒斯悲劇二種》，羅念生譯，人民文學出版，1961 年

維吉爾：《埃涅阿斯記》，楊周翰譯，人民文學出版社，1984 年

法國

《羅蘭之歌·特利斯當與伊瑟·列那狐的故事》，楊憲益、羅新璋譯，人民文學出版社，2000年

薄伽丘：《十日談》，方平、王科一譯，上海譯文出版社，1980 年

拉伯雷：《巨人傳》，成鈺亭譯，上海譯文出版社，1981 年

﹡莫里哀：《偽君子》，載《莫里哀喜劇全集》，李健吾譯，湖南文藝出版社，1993 年 孟德斯鳩：《波斯人信札》，羅大岡譯，人民文學出版社，1984 年

《伏爾泰小說選》，傅雷譯，人民文學出版社，1980 年

盧梭：《懺悔錄》，周士良譯 , 商務印書館，1963 年

﹡雨果：《巴黎圣母院》，陳敬容譯，人民文學出版社，1982 年

﹡雨果：《悲慘世界》，李丹、方于譯 , 人民文學出版社，1992 年

﹡斯湯達：《紅與黑》，郭宏安譯，譯林出版社，1999年

﹡巴爾扎克：《歐也妮·葛朗臺》，傅雷譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年

《高老頭》，傅雷譯，人民文學出版社，1963 年

﹡福樓拜：《包法利夫人》，許淵沖譯，譯林出版社，1992 年

左拉：《萌芽》，黎柯譯，人民文學出版社，1982 年

﹡莫泊桑：《羊脂球》、《項鏈》，載《莫泊桑中短篇小說選》，李青崖譯 , 上海譯文出版社，1978 年

莫泊桑：《俊友》，李青崖譯，上海譯文出版社，1980 年

﹡羅曼·羅蘭：《約翰·克利斯朵夫》，傅雷譯，人民文學出版社，1957 年

波德萊爾：《惡之花》，郭宏安譯，漓江出版社，1992 年

普魯斯特：《追憶似水年華》，李恒基、徐繼曾譯 , 譯林出版社，1995 年

﹡薩特：《間隔》，李恒基譯，載《薩特研究》，中國社會科學出版社，1981 年 ﹡尤奈斯庫：《禿頭歌女》，史亦譯，《西方現代派作品選》，上海師范大學出版社，1985 年意大利

﹡但丁：《神曲》，黃雯婕譯，花城出版社，2000年

西班牙

﹡塞萬提斯：《堂·吉訶德》，楊絳譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年

英國

﹡莎士比亞：《哈姆雷特》、《奧賽羅》、《李爾王》、《麥克白》、《威尼斯商人》、《羅米歐與朱麗葉》、《亨利四世》、《雅典的泰門》、《暴風雨》，載《莎士比亞全集》，朱生豪譯，人民文學出版社，1986 年

彌爾頓：《失樂園》，朱維之譯，上海譯文出版社，1984 年

笛福：《魯濱遜漂流記》，徐霞村譯，人民文學出版社，1982 年

斯威夫特：《格列佛游記》，張健譯，人民文學出版社，1979 年

拜倫：《恰爾德·哈洛爾德游記》，楊熙齡譯，新文藝出版社，1958 年

《唐·璜》朱維基譯，上海譯文出版社，1978 年

《英國湖畔三詩人選集》，顧子欣譯，湖南人民出版社，1986 年

﹡狄更斯：《雙城記》李德逵譯，上海譯文出版社，1987 年

薩克雷：《名利場》，楊必譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年

簡·奧斯丁：《傲慢與偏見》，王科一譯，上海譯文出版社，1996 年版

﹡夏洛蒂·勃朗特：《簡愛》，祝慶英譯，上海譯文出版社，1980 年

﹡艾米莉·勃朗特：《呼嘯山莊》，方平譯，上海譯文出版社，1995 年

﹡哈代：《德伯家的苔絲》，張谷若譯，人民文學出版社，1984 年

勞倫斯：《兒子與情人》，陳良廷、劉文瀾譯，外國文學出版社，1987 年

艾略特：《情歌·荒原·四重奏》，湯永寬譯，上海譯文出版社，1994 年

德國

席勒：《陰謀與愛情》，廖輔叔譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年

﹡歌德：《浮士德》，載《歌德文集》（第2卷）楊武能譯，河北教育出版社，《少年維特之煩惱》，楊武能譯，人民文學出版社，1997 年

托馬斯·曼：《布登勃洛克一家》，傅惟慈譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年

挪威

﹡易卜生：《玩偶之家》，載《易卜生文集》，人民文學出版社，1995 年

俄蘇

普希金：《葉甫蓋尼·奧涅金》，馮春譯，上海譯文出版社，1982 年

《普希金抒情詩選》，劉湛秋譯，湖南人民出版社，1984 年

﹡果戈理：《欽差大臣》，芳信譯，上海文藝出版社，1981 年

《死魂靈》，滿濤譯，人民文學出版社，1983 年

萊蒙托夫：《當代英雄》，翟松年譯，作家出版社，1857 年 年1999

﹡屠格涅夫：《父與子》，巴金譯，人民文學出版社，1979 年

《屠格涅夫中短篇小說選》黃偉經譯，貴州人民出版社，1986 年

車爾尼雪夫斯基：《怎么辦？》，蔣路譯，人民文學出版社，1982 年

﹡陀思妥耶夫斯基：《罪與罰》，岳麟譯 , 上海譯文出版社，1996 年

﹡列夫·托爾斯泰：《安娜·卡列尼娜》，周揚譯，人民文學出版社，1981 年

《復活》，汝龍譯，人民文學出版社，1982 年

《戰爭與和平》，高植譯，上海譯文出版社，1981 年

﹡契訶夫：《套中人》、《小公務員之死》、《變色龍》、《萬卡》，載《契訶夫小說選》，汝龍譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年

高爾基：《母親》夏衍譯，人民文學出版社，1956 年

《童年》，劉遼逸譯，載《高爾基文集》第 15 卷，人民文學出版社，1983 年

尼·奧斯特洛夫斯基：《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》，梅益譯，人民文學出版社，1983 年 阿·托爾斯泰：《苦難的歷程》，朱雯譯，人民文學出版社，1957 年

﹡肖洛霍夫：《靜靜的頓河》，金人譯，人民文學出版社，1980 年

艾特瑪托夫：《一日長于百年》，張會森譯，新華出版社，1982 年

布爾加科夫：《大師和瑪格麗特》，錢誠譯，外國文學出版社，1987 年

阿斯塔菲耶夫：《魚王》，夏仲翼等譯，上海譯文出版社，1982 年

美國

惠特曼：《草葉集》，楚圖南譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年

麥爾維爾：《白鯨》，曹庸譯，上海譯文出版社，1990 年

斯托夫人：《湯姆大伯的小屋》，黃繼忠譯，上海譯文出版社，1982 年

霍桑：《紅字》，胡允恒譯，人民文學出版社，1991 年

﹡馬克·吐溫：《哈克貝里·費恩歷險記》，張友松等譯，人民文學出版社，1978 年

《湯姆·索亞歷險記》，姜若華譯，春風文藝出版社，2004 年

《愛默生選集》，張愛玲譯，哈爾濱出版社，2003 年

﹡梭羅：《瓦爾登湖》，徐遲譯，上海譯文出版社，1997 年

歐·亨利：《警察與贊美詩》、《最后一片藤葉》、《麥琪的禮物》，王仲年譯，載《歐·亨利短篇小說選》，人民文學出版社，1961 年

《愛倫·坡短篇小說集》，陳良廷等譯，外國文學出版社，1982 年

杰克·倫敦：《馬丁·伊登》，吳勞譯，上海譯文出版社，1981 年

德萊塞：《美國的悲劇》，許汝祉譯，外國文學出版社，1988 年

﹡海明威：《老人與海》，吳芳譯，上海譯文出版社，1987 年

《永別了，武器！》，林疑今譯，三聯書店，1995 年

《喪鐘為誰而鳴》，德瑋、增瑚譯，地質出版社，1982 年

塞林格：《麥田里的守望者》，施咸榮譯，譯林出版社，2000 年

福克納：《喧嘩與騷動》，李文俊譯，上海譯文出版社，1984 年

約瑟夫·海勒：《第二十二條軍規》，程愛民等譯，譯林出版社，1997 年

捷克

米蘭·昆德拉：《不能承受的生命之輕》，許鈞譯，上海譯文出版社，2003 年

奧地利

《茨威格小說集》，高中南譯，百花文藝出版社，1982 年 ﹡卡夫卡：《變形記》，葉廷芳主編：《卡夫卡小說集》，河北教育出版社，2005年 愛爾蘭

﹡貝克特：《等待戈多》，施咸榮譯，上海文藝出版社，1984 年 ﹡喬伊斯：《尤利西斯》，蕭乾、文潔若譯，譯林出版社，1994 年 拉丁美洲

﹡[阿根廷]博爾赫斯：《交叉小徑的花園》，載《博爾赫斯全集》，林一安主編，多人參與翻譯，浙江文藝出版社，1999 年

﹡[哥倫比亞]馬爾克斯：《百年孤獨》，黃錦炎等譯，上海譯文出版社，1989 年

第四篇：成考-大學英語作業答案!

Vocabulary and structure

【70876】 John told us that by the end of the year they _____ together for thirty years.A． would have been living B． would have lived C． would have been lived D． will have been living

答案： A

Vocabulary and structure

【70834】 Little boys are easily _____.A． taken in B． taken away C． taken out D． taken over

答案： A

Vocabulary and structure

【70741】 The medicine the doctor gave him _____ his headaches.A． freed B． refreshed C． released D． relieved

答案： D

Vocabulary and structure

【70930】 Hearing my words, the old man jumped back as if he _____.A． was stung B． had stung C． stung D． had been stung

答案： D

Vocabulary and structure

【70829】 As usual, _____ man was given his individual assignment.A． every B． each C． all D． both

答案： B

Vocabulary and structure

【70754】 When playing basketball he has a（n）_____ over others, for he is extremely tall.A． privilege B． right C． profit D． advantage

答案： D

Vocabulary and structure

【70874】 How long ago _____ playing football? A． had you stopped B． would you stop C． did you stop D． were you stopping

答案： C

Vocabulary and structure

【82926】 Deep into the night, the bus pulled into Howard Johnson's, and everybody got off _____ Vingo.He sat there still.A． except B． except for C． beside D． besides

答案： A

Vocabulary and structure

【70807】 An old person who has always been _____ active has a quicker mind than a young person who has done only _____ work.A． mentally … physically B． mentally … physical C． physically … mentally D． physically … mental

答案： B

Vocabulary and structure

【70804】 Vingo smiled and _____ a swig from the wine bottle.A． made B． picked C． brought D． took

答案： B

Vocabulary and structure

【70691】 Before you left, please _____ all the windows are closed.A． sure B． make sure C． certain D． assure

答案： B

Vocabulary and structure

【70573】 The woman began to sob when Homer was sitting there.He really wanted to get _____ and run.A． off B． out C． down D． up

答案： D

Vocabulary and structure

【70813】--Will you go to the movie with us tonight?--I'm sorry.I have not made up my _____ yet.A． heart B． brain C． mind D． head

答案： C

Vocabulary and structure

【70939】 The young man is swift _____ anger.A． to B． in C． at D． off

答案： A

Vocabulary and structure

【70577】 It is a _____ that the government spends so much money on guns and so little on education.A． difference B． disgrace C． dependence D． disadvantage

答案： B

Mistakes finding

【102965】 “Do you mind getting me some water?” “Certainly don't.”

A

B

C

D

答案： D

Mistakes finding

【102951】 Speak slowly and try to make yourself understand.A

B

C

D

答案： D

Mistakes finding

【102915】 Generally speaking, when a child learns to read, he usually begins from A,B,C.A

B

C

D

答案： D

Mistakes finding

【102985】 Why don't you ask anybody else to help you?

A

B

C

D

答案： C

Mistakes finding

【102943】 There having no buses, we had to walk home.A

B

C

D

答案： B

Cloze

【103259】 I arrived in the classroom, ready to share my knowledge and experience with 75 students who would be my English Literature class.Having taught in

for 17 years, I had no

about my ability to hold their attention and to

on them my admiration for the literature of my mother tongue.I was shocked when the monitor shouted, “ 4!” The entire class rose as I entered the room, and I was somewhat

about how to get them to sit down again, but once that awkwardness（尷尬）was over, I quickly

my calmness and began what I thought was a fact-packed lecture, sure to gain their respect-perhaps

their admiration.I went back to my office with the rosy glow which comes from a sense of achievement.My students

diaries.However, as I read them, the rosy glow was gradually

by a strong sense of sadness.The first diary said, “Our literature teacher didn't teach us anything today.10

her next lecture will be better.” Greatly surprised, I read diary after diary, each expressing a

theme（主題）.“Didn't I teach them anything? I described the entire philosophical（哲學的）framework of Western thought and laid the historical

for all the works we'll study in class,” I complained.“How

they say I didn't teach them anything?” It was a long term, and it

became clear that my ideas about education were not the same as

of my students.I thought a teacher's job was to raise

questions and provide enough background so that students could

their own conclusions.My students thought a teacher's job was to provide

information as directly and clearly as possible.What a difference!, I also learned a lot, and my experience with my Chinese students has made me a American teacher, knowing how to teach in a different culture.1.A．the UK

B．the US

C．China

D．Australia

2.A．worry

B．idea

C．doubt

D．experience

3.A．impress

B．put

C．leave

D．fix

4.A．Attention

B．Look out

C．At ease

D．Stand up

5.A．puzzled

B．sure

C．curious

D．worried

6.A．found

B．returned

C．regained

D．followed

7.A．more

B．even

C．yet

D．still

8.A．passed

B．borrowed

C．kept

D．read

9.A．replaced

B．taken

C．caught

D．moved

10.A．Naturally

B．Perhaps

C．Fortunately D．Reasonably

11.A．different

B．strong

C．similar

D．usual

12.A．happenings B．characters C．development D．background

13.A．should

B．need

C．will

D．must

14.A．immediately B．certainly

C．simply

D．gradually

15.A．that

B．what

C．those

D．ones

16.A．difficult

B．interesting C．ordinary

D．unusual

17.A．draw

B．get

C．decide

D．give

18.A．strange

B．standard

C．exact

D．serious

19.A．Therefore

B．However

C．Besides

D．Though

20.A．normal

B．happy

C．good

D．better

答案： BCADA/CBCAB/CDADC/BACBD

Reading comprehension

【104447】 Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit（學分）which he may count towards a degree.In many American universities the total work for a degree is made up of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester（學期）.A typical course is made up of three classes per week for fifteen weeks；while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year.It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period.It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is useful for the student to show to prospective（未來的）employers.All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm（熱心）.The effective（有效的）work of obeying rules is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities（權威）.Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court.With the great numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve（牽涉，包含）a certain amount of activity.A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in this career.1.Normally a student would at least attend _____ classes each week.A.36

B.12

C.20

D.15

2.According to the first paragraph, an American student is allowed _____.A.to live in a different university

B.to take a particular course in a different university

C.to live at home and drive to classes

D.to get two degrees from two different universities

3.American university students are usually under pressure of work because _____.A.their academic performance will affect their future careers

B.they are heavily involved in student affairs

C.they have to observe university discipline

D.they want to run for positions of authority

4.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because _____.A.they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study

B.they will then be able to stay longer in the university

C.such positions help them get better jobs

D.such positions are usually well paid

5.The student organizations seem to be effective in _____.A.dealing with the academic affairs of the university

B.ensuring that the students observe university rules

C.evaluating students' performance by bringing them before a court

D.keeping up the students' enthusiasm for social activities

答案： BBACB

Reading comprehension

【103107】 To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience；you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control；and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit motionless before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching；he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings.Listen to him, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn't mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage，for there are very important differences between the teacher's work and the actor's．The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart；he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays certain part，even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand．What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage．

A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don't understand something, they say so.The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his audience, which is his class.He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage play because their brains wouldn't keep discipline: they could not keep strictly to what another had written.1.What is the text about? _____

A.How to become a good teacher.B.What a good teacher should do outside the classroom.C.What teachers and actors could learn from each other.D.The similarities and differences between a teacher's work and an actor's.2.In what way is a teacher's work different from an actor's? _____

A.The teacher must learn everything by heart.B.The teacher knows how to control his voice better than an actor.C.The teacher has to deal with unexpected situations.D.The teacher has to use more facial expressions.3.The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that _____.A.students can move around in the classroom

B.students must keep silent while theatre audience needn't

C.no memory work is needed for the students

D.the students must take part in their teacher's plays

4.A good teacher's voice _____.A.should be clear and fully under his control

B.should not be too loud or too low

C.should be fixed before he goes to class

D.All of the above．

5.Why does a good teacher make gestures while speaking? _____

A.To make his meaning clearer.B.To draw the attention of his class.C.To express feelings.D.All of the above.答案： DCDAD

Writing

【94976】 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the Chinese outline below.You should write at least 80 words.My Most Favorite Program 1．我最喜愛的電視節目是…… 2．這類節目的內容和特點 3．我喜歡它的原因

答案：略

Dialogues

【74062】--Hello.May I speak to Tim, please?--_____.A． I'm afraid you have the wrong number B． I am sorry C． I don't know him D． There is no one here

答案： A

Dialogues

【71225】--I'd like to book a flight to Beijing, please.--_____.A． No, you can't B． Yes, sir, single or return? C． We are busy.D． Wait

答案： B

Dialogues

【71204】--Could I use your dictionary for a while?--_____.A． It's well B． It doesn't matter C． By all means D． I have no idea

答案： C

Dialogues

【74067】--Thank you for a wonderful meal.--_____ A． It's not good.B． It's just simple meal.C． I'm glad you enjoyed it.D． You are so nice.答案： C

Dialogues

【71224】--Can I help you with the bag?--_____ A． No, thank you.I can take it myself.B． Thank you.C． Sorry, you can't.D． No, I am all right.答案： A

Dialogues

【71207】--I'd better be going.--_____ A． You sure? B． So soon? C． Why not? D． Really?

答案： B

Dialogues

【71228】--Shall we have dinner together tonight?--_____.A． No, I already have plans B． I'd love to but I'm busy tonight C． No, I don't like being with you D． I will think about it

答案： B

Dialogues 【74071】--Do you want me to help you?--_____ A． What did you say? B． Repeat it.C． I'm sorry, but I didn't catch what you said.D． Please say that again.答案： C

70537-----70973

【70537】 This weekly schedule may not _____ all of your problems.A． answer B． resolve C． solve D． deal 答案： C 【70538】 The _____ temperature of the human body is between 36℃ and 37℃.A． normal B． natural C． regular D． formal 答案： A 【70539】 She has decided _____ the date for her trip to Los Angles.A． on B． for C． in D． against 答案： A 【70541】 The Spanish and Portuguese _____ had a profound effect upon the general mentality of Latin America.A． customs B． civilizations C． cultures D． habits 答案： B 【70543】 A bomb destroyed two buildings and _____ several others.A． damaged B． harmed C． hurt D． injured 答案： A 【70544】 It is clear that a（n）_____ student can understand it.A． ordinary B． general C． usual D． average 答案： D 【70545】 Expensive goods are not _____ good.A． surely B． necessarily C． possibly D． doubtfully 答案： B 【70547】 He made a _____ decision when he went into advertising.A． lucky B． fortunate C． fragile D． fortune 答案： B 【70549】 A club is a place to make frequent _____ with friends.A． contrast B． contact C． contract D． content 答案： B 【70550】 _____ in the book is a picture of him.A． Funded B． Founded C． Folded D． Fended 答案： C 【70551】 I don't know how to finish my work in an _____ way.A． affect B． effect C． effective D． efficient 答案： C 【70554】 With _____ fingers she tore the letter from her husband into little bits.A． trembling B． trembled C． tumbling D． tumbled 答案： A 【70555】 When I heard his humorous words, I couldn't help _____.A． trembling B． laugh C． tremble D． laughing 答案： D 【70556】 If you _____ to the proposal, we will take it into consideration.A． adapt B． attach C． stick D． get 答案： C 【70557】 She was _____ to find that no one liked her performance.A． damaged B． injured C． wounded D． hurt 答案： D 【70558】 Sam set out to improve _____ at the shirt factory, but he failed at last.A． efficiency B． sufficiency C． affect D． effect 答案： A 【70561】 Maybe you will ask my mother how I _____ to become an industrial engineer.A． proposed B． happened C． risked D． considered 答案： B 【70562】 She went to the _____ school when she was six years old.A． primary B． principal C． average D． common 答案： A 【70563】 I was amazed that the workers had not gone _____ strike.A． on B． on a C． to D． to a 答案： A 【70566】 Would you please _____ me a favour by lending me your bicycle for a few days? A． make B． do C． have D． help 答案： B 【70567】 The nurse took a（n）_____ of my blood for test.A． sort B． type C． example D． sample 答案： D 【89568】 Peter has two brothers.One of them is a teacher；_____ is a driver.A． another B． the other C． other D． each other 答案： B 【70569】 To celebrate my father's birthday, I _____ a double-decker cake.A． paid B． purchased C． chased D． pursued 答案： B 【70572】 A doctor should be _____ for the lives of the patients.A． suitable B． famous C． responsible D． competent 答案： C 【70575】 There are plans _____ a number of atomic power station in this regions.A． to build B． to be built C． building D． being built 答案： A 【70576】 It was natural for Tom to feel a little nervous this morning because it was the first time for him to _____ a lecture.A． send B． deliver C． speak D． provide 答案： B 【70577】 It is a _____ that the government spends so much money on guns and so little on education.A． difference B． disgrace C． dependence D． disadvantage 答案： B 【70579】 Aristotle, the philosopher of ancient Greece, thought that the _____ was based in the heart.A． head B． brain C． thought D． mind 答案： D 【70580】 We remembered everything that happens _____ us.A． at B． to C． on D． in 答案： B 【70581】 Earlier scientists thought that during a man's lifetime the power of his brain _____.A． diminished B． reduced C． decreased D． lessened 答案： C 【70582】 We must keep away from some _____, for they will do harm to our health.A． chemistry B． chemists C． chemical D． chemicals 答案： D 【70585】 The boys and girls dreamed of _____ beaches and sea sides in Fort Lauderdale.A． gold B． golden C． yellow D． brown 答案： B 【70586】 From the electric refrigerator Dick takes a carton of cream, another of fresh milk and a can of _____ orange juice.A． frozen B． froze C． freezing D． freezed 答案： A 【70587】 The machines are made _____ at full speed.A． work B． working C． to work D． to be worked 答案： C 【70589】 Scientists found that when certain parts of the brain were _____ we lost the ability to do certain things.A． destroyed B． damaged C． wounded D． hurt 答案： B 【70592】 He must have been very nervous when speaking.Did you _____ that his hand was shaking? A． mind B． notice C． attention D． concentrate 答案： B 【70593】 Her voice is _____.A． loud B． aloud C． loudly D． loudness 答案： A 【70595】 The boy told his father that he would rather _____ an astronaut.A． become B． to become C． becoming D． became 答案： A 【70598】 He was such a _____ young man that many girls like him.A． beautiful B． pretty C． lovely D． handsome 答案： D 【70600】 Visitors are asked to comply _____ the regulations.A． at B． in C． with D． on 答案： C 【70601】 I want an assistant with _____ knowledge of French and _____ experience of office routine.A． the…the B． a…the C． a…an D． the…an 答案： C 【70603】 My hand was hurt.Could you do _____ typing for me? A． some B． many C． such D． any 答案： A 【70604】 Most English people go to Spain for the sea, the sun and all the _____ things associated with a relaxing holiday.A． any B． another C． some D． other 答案： D

【70607】 When Jonathan went to Spain with his sister, he bought a leather coat for her and another for _____.A． him B． himself C． he D． his 答案： B 【70609】 Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend, _____ you like to have dinner with us tonight? A． will B． won't C． wouldn't D． do 答案： C 【70610】 He was just about to jump up when he felt something _____ near his feet.A． to move B． move C． moving D． moved 答案： C 【70611】 Without the sun's light _____ the earth's surface, it would be so cold that life could not exist on the earth.A． warms B． warmed C． warming D． to warm 答案： C 【70612】 No one can prove that the earth _____ not round.A． is being B． is to be C． is D． has been 答案： C 【70614】 I shall tell you what he _____ at three o'clock yesterday afternoon.A． had done B． would do C． was doing D． had been done 答案： C 【70615】 Once you _____ the knack of it, you will have no further difficulty.A． shall have B． had had C． are having D． have 答案： D 【70616】 Every time he _____ me, he is rude to me.A． will see B． sees C． is seeing D． is seen 答案： B 【70618】 The teacher suggested that each student _____ a plan for the vacation.A． made B． make C． makes D． will make 答案： B 【70619】 All of us are looking forward to _____ a trip to the Ming Tombs.A． make B． making C． to making D． have made 答案： B 【70642】 The city Tangshan was extensively _____ in the earthquake.A． destroyed B． injured C． wounded D． damaged 答案： D

【70643】 I hold the _____ that hard work will surely lead to good result.A． aptitude B． altitude C． attitude D． attribute 答案： C 【70645】 _____ the car, they bought the garage.A． In addition to B． And C． Add up D． In addition 答案： A 【70646】 Betty is _____ a translation of a French novel.A． engaged with B． busy in C． absorbed to D． occupied with 答案： D 【70647】 The quality of the product is quite _____ for local purposes.A． enough B． sufficient C． abundant D． adequate 答案： D

【70649】 _____ forget to write back home as soon as you reach New York.A． Be sure to B． Not be sure to C． Be sure to not D． Be sure not to 答案： D 【70650】 He hated wandering about and expected to find a _____ position in the Civil Service of government.A． permissive B． perceptive C． permanent D． percent 答案： C 【70652】 The government has _____ itself to improving health education.A． committed B． done C． made D． commissioned 答案： A 【70655】 The policeman caught the thief in the very _____ of stealing.A． act B． action C． deed D． performance 答案： A 【70656】 It was a long time before I could _____ him _____ accepting the job.A． persuade … to B． persuade … from C． advise … to D． dissuade … from 答案： D 【70658】 I have not found my book yet;in fact, I am sure _____ I could have done with it.A． whether B． where C． when D． what 答案： D 【70659】 I enjoy the concert last night；they played _____ beautiful music.A． such B． such a C． so D． so a 答案： A 【70661】 If you have trouble, please _____ me by phone.A． contact B． contact with C． contact for D． contact to 答案： A 【70662】 What he has done can be praised as a real _____.A． adventure B． venture C． risk D． torture 答案： A 【70665】 All the crew _____ saved.A． was B． were C． has D． has been 答案： B 【70666】 Our teacher _____ a present yesterday, but he did not want to _____ it.A． accepted, receive B． accept, received C． received, accept D． receive, accepted 答案： C 【70670】 Mid-autumn Festival is round the _____ and everyone looks excited.A． wall B． time C． occasion D． corner 答案： D 【70674】 In that cold _____, vegetables grow well.A． climate B． temperature C． weather D． degree 答案： A 【70675】 During the accident, the car turned _____ and the driver died immediately.A． down B． over C． off D． out 答案： B 【70678】 The policeman saw the thief turn _____ the corner with a black bag.A． round B． over C． off D． down 答案： A 【70679】 The little girl's words _____ her parents.A． are surprised B． are surprising C． surprises D． surprised 答案： D 【70681】 In her _____ way, she arranged for a young man to meet me at the airport.A． sufficient B． effective C． efficient D． industrial 答案： C 【70682】 He is a businessman, and goes to the concert on the rare _____.A． condition B． situation C． occasion D． occasions 答案： D 【70683】 I can't _____ hearing her coughing through the whole night.A． forget B． stop C． endure D． avoid 答案： C

【70685】 He was _____ to the countryside, but he had no choice.A． reluctant B． relieved C． relaxed D． reliable 答案： A 【70686】 Mary carried _____ her old dream of going abroad.A． away B． back C． out D． off 答案： C 【70689】 After sitting down on the chair, he took out a _____ of cigarettes.A． parcel B． pack C． package D． packed 答案： B 【70690】 The medicine was very _____, and he recovered at once after taking it.A． efficient B． good C． effective D． sufficient 答案： C 【70693】 You can never believe him, for he is _____ a liar.A． something of B． sometimes C． anything but D． nothing but 答案： D Vocabulary and structure 【70694】 The old man seemed _____ to live with his granddaughter.A． content B． context C． contrast D． contract 答案： A

【70696】 He lost control of his feeling and began to _____.A． laugh B． dance C． weep D． yell 答案： C 【70697】 I should say I come at the _____ time；I really didn't know you were so busy.A． mistake B． wrong C． right D． poor 答案： B 【70699】 You _____ him by saying he was lazy.A． wronged B． were wronged C． spoiled D． scolded 答案： A 【70700】 WTO stands _____ World Trade Organization.A． for B． out C． by D． off 答案： A 【70706】 We _____ to his tales of South Sea adventure.A． drilled B． grilled C． agitated D． thrilled 答案： D 【70712】 Only in recent years _____ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.A． people have B． since people have C． have people D． people who have 答案： C 【70714】 The United States _____ war on Japan in 1941.A． declared B． announced C． published D． threatened 答案： A 【70716】 Having finished making bed, she went on _____ the house.A． cleaning B． with cleaning C． to clean D． at cleaning 答案： C 【70717】 The _____ mother beat her son black and blue, for the boy had said so many _____ words.A． annoying … annoyed B． annoyed … annoying C． annoying … annoying D． annoyed … annoyed 答案： B 【70718】 John _____ himself up as a pirate in today's fancy dress ball（化妝舞會）.A． put B． wore C． covered D． dressed 答案： D 【70720】 Hurry up!There _____.A． comes the bus B． the bus comes C． is coming the bus D． the bus is coming 答案： A 【70723】 The ground is very wet.It _____ have rained last night.A． might B． can C． must D． may 答案： C 【70725】 I liked to keep my underwear, _____, in the bottom drawer.A． neatly folding B． neatly folded C． neat folding D． neat folded 答案： B 【70726】 I accidentally _____ early that morning and saw the whole course of the murder.A． woke B． wakened C． awoke D． awakened 答案： A

【70730】 The working conditions were poor._____, the work flow was irregular.A． However B． Nevertheless C． Although D． Furthermore 答案： D 【70733】 As a manager, he has paid a lot of attention to the _____ in his factory.A． capability B． efficiency C． sufficiency D． effect 答案： B 【70737】 Workers beyond Big Jim in line _____ his shift had to wait with nothing to do.A． on B． in C． beside D． at 答案： A 【70738】 Along with the rapid development of the art of medicine, the birth rate in our country increase, the death rate _____ at the same time.A． diminishes B． reduces C． decreases D． lessens 答案： C 【70739】 Although he is over eighty, he has a _____ head.A． neat B． mixed-up C． tidy D． clean 答案： C 【70741】 The medicine the doctor gave him _____ his headaches.A． freed B． refreshed C． released D． relieved 答案： D 【70743】 Pardon me, sir, will you _____ me a favour.A． make B． give C． have D． do 答案： D 【70744】 This room was _____ for the children.A． projected B． schemed C． designed D． described 答案： C 【70746】 My _____ words forced the old gentleman into a purchase which he could not possibly afford.A． tactful B． tactic C． tactical D． tactless 答案： D 【70747】 Jack had done a very good job, so people paid him a well-deserved _____.A． complement B． compliment C． compartment D． complaint 答案： B 【70748】 I don't believe I have the pleasure of knowing you._____ you have made a mistake.A． Eagerly B． Undoubtedly C． Interestingly D． Fortunately 答案： B 【70750】 In stores a number of delicious puddings are _____ out in a row during the Christmas season.A． lied B． laid C． lain D． layed 答案： B 【70752】 He _____ his fingers to his lips as a sign for silence.A． rised B． raised C． arised D． aroused 答案： B

【70754】 When playing basketball he has a（n）_____ over others, for he is extremely tall.A． privilege B． right C． profit D． advantage 答案： D 【70756】 Before we can accept the management's offer we must _____ the workers again.A． consult with B． consult C． look up D． advise 答案： A 【70757】 Their voices are so alike that I often _____ Mary for her roommate Betty on the phone.A． mistake B． confuse C． hear D． think 答案： A 【70759】 There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could _____ any one of them.A． elect B． pick C． select D． prefer 答案： C 【70760】 Chinese people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait _____ for reunification.A． dream B． look forward C． long D． desire 答案： C 【70761】 The shop assistant _____ out the food on the counter.A． laid B． displayed C． spread D． arranged 答案： A 【70763】 He always takes full _____ of his mistakes made by his rivals(對手).A． advantage B． interest C． benefit D． profit 答案： A 【70766】 Homer sat _____ the dry candy while the Mexican woman talked.A． chew B． chewed C． chewing D． to chew 答案： C 【70767】 Big businesses enjoy certain _____ that smaller ones don't.A． possibility B． favor C． interest D． privilege 答案： D 【70768】 She had thought of opening the door to someone she had known a long time and would be pleased to _____.A． sit down B． sit down with C． sit around D． sit around with 答案： B 【70770】 The madam was to hear _____ murder in the world and to feel it.A． of B． from C． out D． / 答案： A 【70771】 Americans are often _____ with chopsticks.A． awkward B． awful C． aware D． automatic 答案： A 【70772】 They were arguing but _____ off when someone suddenly came into the room.A． took B． turned C． broke D． came 答案： C 【70773】 His speech was so welcome that it was constantly _____ by applause.A． interrupted B． disturbed C． distracted D． interpreted 答案： A 【70774】 He was in _____ for having been caught in the act of stealing goods from the supermarket.A． danger B． disgrace C． debt D． disguise 答案： B 【70778】 We can't _____ a holiday to go away this summer.A． spend B． pay C． afford D． cost 答案： C 【70781】 You are _____ to my dictionary.Whenever you need it, just tell me.A． welcome B． comparable C． convenient D． relative 答案： A 【70786】 Man still has _____ to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body--the brain.A． a lot B． a lot of C． lot of D． lots of 答案： A 【70787】 The young man who saw the car _____ into the river telephoned the police station.A． plunge B． plunged C． was plunging D． to plunge 答案： A 【70790】 Scientists have found that the way the brain works is _____ complicated than they had thought.A． far B． farther C． much D． far more 答案： D 【70792】 Mathematician have _____ computers to copy the way the brain works.A． tried using B． tried to use C． tried use D． tried to using 答案： B 【70794】 We may not be able to _____ the information that we have _____.A． remember … recalled B． recall … remembered C． remember … reminded D． remind … remembered 答案： B 【70798】 Vingo and his family _____ in Brunswick, just before Jacksonville.A． used to live B． used to living C． were used to living D． got used to live 答案： A 【70799】 He got gradually _____ in the case, though he didn't intend to originally.A． connected B． related C． interfered D． involved 答案： D 【70802】 His political ideas were too _____ to get support from ordinary people.A． competent B． complicated C． complimentary D． complex 答案： D 【70804】 Vingo smiled and _____ a swig from the wine bottle.A． made B． picked C． brought D． took 答案： B 【70806】 His continuous failure revealed his _____ to handle this matter.A． ability B． capability C． unability D． inability 答案： D 【70809】 When they _____ the bus, the boys and girls were carrying sandwiches and wine.A． board B． boarded C． board on D． boarded on 答案： B 【70810】 Vingo sat in front of the young people, _____ in a plain, ill-fitting suit.A． dress B． dressing C． to be dressed D． dressed 答案： D 【70811】 He kept chewing the inside his lip a lot, _____ into complete silence.A． freeze B． freezing C． frozen D． being frozen 答案： C 【70813】--Will you go to the movie with us tonight?--I'm sorry.I have not made up my _____ yet.A． heart B． brain C． mind D． head 答案： C 【70815】 He thanked the girl for the wine and _____ again into his silence.A． relaid B． retreated C． relocated D． replaced 答案： B 【70817】 He suddenly called my name on the street, but I could not _____ where I had met him before.A． remind B． recall C． record D． reclaim 答案： B 【70818】 Vingo showed the young people the pictures of his family which were _____ snapshots.A． many-handling B． much-handling C． many-handled D． much-handled 答案： D 【70820】 You must follow the directions exactly and if you become _____, you must take the time to go back again and reread them.A． to confuse B． confusing C． confuse D． confused 答案： D 【70822】 The great oak tree was covered _____ yellow from his seat.A． with B． by C． of D． on 答案： A 【70823】 Vingo wrote his life again when he was sure the parole was coming _____.A． up B． through C． off D． out 答案： B 【70825】 After a while, _____, he began to tell his story.A． slow and painful B． slowly and painful C． slowly and painfully D． slow and painfully 答案： C 【70829】 As usual, _____ man was given his individual assignment.A． every B． each C． all D． both 答案： B 【70832】 Not until late at night did the boat _____ into the harbour.A． pull B． enter C． drive D． drag 答案： A 【70833】 To get my traveler's check I had to _____ a special check to the bank for the total amount.A． make for B． make out C． make off D． make up 答案： B 【70837】 He _____ so much work that he couldn't really do it efficiently.A． put on B． took on C． brought on D． turned on 答案： B 【70838】 It is reported that today _____ president will have lunch with _____ President Bush.A． the…the B． a…a C． the…/ D． /…/ 答案： C 【70842】 We're going to _____ with _____ today, aren't we? A． the tea…the Smiths B． tea…those Smiths C． a tea…a Smith D． tea…the Smiths 答案： D 【70845】 Three students _____ in this university come from the South.A． of ten B． out of in ten C． out of ten D． in tens 答案： C 【70854】 The enemy gave up the idea of holding their ground to the end and began to _____.A． retreat B． relay C． replace D． reclaim 答案： A 【70855】 _____ curriculum includes all experiences which the students may have within the environment of the school.A． Broad speaking B． Speaking broadly C． Broadly speaking D． Broadly 答案： C 【70859】 _____ with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in the first quarter rose by 15%.A． Comparing B． To compare C． Compared D． Compare 答案： C 【70860】 Since taxi fare in the city may run _____ twenty dollars, I suggest that you take a bus.A． as high as B． as expensive as C． so high that D． so expensive as 答案： A 【70865】 It is certain that men will never stop _____ new energy sources to power their growing industry.A． finding B． to find C． having found D． found 答案： A 【70866】 Professor Smith is said _____ another important discovery in chemistry.A． having made B． having been made C． to have made D． to make 答案： C 【70867】 Those relatives of his are _____.I don't want to have any dealings with them.A． boring people B． bored people C． people having bored D． people having boring 答案： A 【70868】 I started my teaching career at the school.That was more than twenty years ago, and I _____ there ever since.A． was B． had been C． will be D． have been 答案： D 【70870】 Everything on the earth _____ all the time.A． is changing B． is changed C． has changed D． has been changed 答案： A 【70872】 The little girl _____ by the drug-pusher to carry drugs into the country.A． was made use B． was made used C． was made use of D． was made used of 答案： C 【70873】 By the end of last year they _____ 1,000 machines.A． turned out B． had turned out C． would turn out D． had been turned out 答案： B 【70875】 While I _____ television, the door bell _____.A． watched/would ring B． would watch/had rung C． was watching/rang D． had been watched/was ringing 答案： C 【70876】 John told us that by the end of the year they _____ together for thirty years.A． would have been living B． would have lived C． would have been lived D． will have been living 答案： A 【70878】 The insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if _____ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.A． it is not B． it were not C． were it not D． they were not 答案： B 【70880】 It's high time you _____.A． start to work B． would start to work C． started to work D． had started to work 答案： C 【70883】 “If I hadn't practiced when I was younger,” the musician says, “I _____ able to play so well now.” A． wouldn't be B． won't be C． wouldn't have been D． couldn't have been 答案： A 【70884】 Never again _____ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.A． Alfred E.Smith seriously sought B． seriously Alfred E.Smith sought C． when did Alfred E.Smith seriously seek D． did Alfred E.Smith seriously seek 答案： D 【70887】 We all hope he can be _____ to this new job.A． enough B． adequate C． ample D． sufficient 答案： A 【70889】 This money is _____ in “the Hope Project” by our government.A． pointed B． given C． directed D． committed 答案： D 【70893】 She tried to _____ the conversation away from such dangerous topics.A． turn B． steer C． stay D． drive 答案： B 【70897】 He _____ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.A． set off B． set out C． set on D． set in 答案： B

【70902】 I tried to _____ for him but without success.A． cover with B． cover on C． cover up D． cover in 答案： C 【70908】 Since his daughter was very busy, she wrote to him _____ times.A． in other B． at another C． in another D． at other 答案： B 【70910】 Scarcely _____ above 35℃ in summer in this city.A． the temperature goes B． does the temperature go C． the temperature went D． did the temperature go

答案： B 【70911】 He was caught parking his car in a wrong place and was fined $ 10 on the _____.A． place B． spot C． ground D． sport 答案： B 【70914】 If you want to keep your room tidy, you should keep everything _____.A． in place B． in the place of C． in their places D． out of place 答案： A 【70918】 All _____ is sheer nonsense.We must find a way out right now.A． what has been said B． the things C． that has been said D． of has been said 答案： C 【70920】 After I had spent a week looking around and making notes, I was really amazed at _____ I saw.A． that B． what C． which D． where 答案： B 【70921】 Water _____ on the mountains, we built many wells.A． was scarce B． scarce C． being scarce D． being short 答案： C 【70927】 The little fox was not clever enough to miss _____ by the hunter.A． catching B． caught C． being caught D． to be caught 答案： C 【70929】 Nobody in the neighborhood likes her, for she always behaves as if she _____ a queen.A． was B． were C． is D． had been 答案： B 【70930】 Hearing my words, the old man jumped back as if he _____.A． was stung B． had stung C． stung D． had been stung 答案： D 【70932】 You'd better _____.A． to have your shoes mended B． to have mended your shoes C． have your shoes mended D． having your shoes mended 答案： C 【70933】 This sampling was all _____ was left him from the time when he could afford to come.A． which B． what C． that D． who 答案： C 【70937】 He could see that she _____ patient all her life.A． was B． were C． had been D． has been 答案： C 【70938】 Our English teacher has agreed to _____ the time limit for our paper.A． spread B． stretch C． expand D． extend 答案： D 【70939】 The young man is swift _____ anger.A． to B． in C． at D． off 答案： A 【70940】 I don't know you.You must mistaken me _____ someone else.A． as B． for C． to D． with 答案： B 【70941】 I _____ her invitation to the dinner party because I had a prior appointment.A． rejected B． declined C． refused D． objected 答案： B

【70945】 Please _____ your food slowly before _____ it.A． swallow / chewing B． chewing / swallow C． swallowing / chew D． chew / swallowing 答案： D 【70946】 He _____ finished his work, for he had refused to accept help.A． lonely B． alone C． lone D． lonesome 答案： B 【70948】 The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when _____.A． being completed B． completed C． completing D． have been completed 答案： B 【70953】 I first heard this story _____ from a girl I had met in New York's Greenwich Village.A． since a few years B． a few years before C． for a few years D． a few years ago 答案： D 【70959】 Ann's habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and _____ they took her to the court.A． in the end B． at the end C． in an end D． in end 答案： A 【70960】 One day on the moon is _____.A． two Earth week long B． two Earth weeks long C． two Earth weeks longer D． two Earth weeks length 答案： B 【70962】 They saw _____ girls the day before yesterday.A． both the other two B． the two other both C． the both other two D． the both two other 答案： A

【70970】 They _____ with us for the time being.A． would stay B． will stay C． have been staying D． will be staying 答案： D 【70973】 He was sixty-eight.In two years he _____ seventy.A． would be B． was C． had been D． was being 答案： A

70984】參觀者可以自己去動手操作，自己細心觀察。

答案： Visitors are allowed to operate with their own hands and to observe closely.【70985】橄欖越嚼越有味道。

答案： Olives become the more delicious the more you chew them.【70987】所有員工必須每周工作7天，早10時至晚12時。

答案： All the staff are required to work 7 days a week, from 10：00 a.m.to 12：00 p.m.【70989】各種聚會是廣交朋友的好機會。

答案： Parties of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends.【70993】我的導師是亞裔人。

答案： My supervisor is of Asian origin.【70995】工作時間必須全力以赴。

答案： Nothing but work during the working hours.【70996】她不顧別人的勸阻。

答案： She ignored the dissuasions from others.【70999】他在旅行的過程中，從來不依賴書本的引導。

答案： He never completely depended on books to guide him in his tours.【71000】大家走到一起，談論的一個重要話題就是奧運會。

答案： Whenever we gather together, an important topic of discussion has been the Olympic Games.【71002】中國和美國的青年生活在不同的社會環境中。

答案： The young people of China and of the U.S.live in different social environments.【71003】她父親晚年時開始喜愛垂釣。

答案： Her father has developed a special fondness for fishing in his later years.【71004】兩國人民將加強交流。

答案： People of two countries are bound to strengthen their exchanges.【71008】這座城市的輝煌是人民智慧和勤奮的結晶。

答案： The glory of this city has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of its people.【71009】這樣，他們可以更貼近先進的科學技術。

答案： They are getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way.【71011】他們有著各自不同的生活經歷。

答案： They have their individually different experiences of life.【71012】我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強。

答案： Our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness.【71013】她曾對小說藝術的發展有創造性貢獻。

答案： She made creative contributions to the development of the art of novel writing.【71014】該國人口不足3000萬。

答案： The population of this country is only less than 30 million.【71016】孤獨可以使人的思想向更遙遠更深邃的地方伸展。答案： Loneness enables people to think further and deeper.【71019】這是中國長期奉行的國策。

答案： This has become a national policy long practiced by China.【71020】洛杉磯是世界上屈指可數的多民族城市。

答案： Los Angeles is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world.【71023】好環境會給人好心情。

答案： Good environment keeps people in good mood.【71025】他一生的足跡幾乎遍及全國。

答案： During his lifetime, he left his footprints in nearly every corner of the country.【71027】他們其中有一半是近5年才來到這個城市的。

答案： Half of them have come to settle in this city over the past five years only.【71033】這一政策對經濟轉型起著決定性的作用。

答案： This policy has played a decisive role in the transformation of economy.【71035】那時他已經在音樂界中享有盛名。

答案： At that time he already enjoyed a high reputation within the musical circle.【71037】我過去常常穿過森林到河邊去散步。

答案： I used to go through the forest to have a walk by the side of the river.【71039】他不是一個輕易服輸的人。

答案： He is not the one who will give up easily.【71040】大部分孩子幾乎是給他們什么都吃。

答案： Most children are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them.【71041】老師走了進來，手里拿本書。

答案： With a book in his hand, the teacher came into the class.【71044】 People believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others.答案：人們相信某些人的辭世比另一些人更“死不逢時”。

【71045】 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable.答案：聆聽歌劇，無疑昂貴至極。

【71047】 American literature is completely unlike that of Europe.答案：美國文學與歐洲文學全然大相徑庭。

【71054】 He would venture far out into places seldom visited by human beings.答案：他總是到人煙稀少的偏遠地區探險。【71059】 No difficulty, no fun.答案：沒有艱難，斷無情趣。

【71060】 We have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English.答案：在學英語的問題上，我和你有同樣的問題。

【71063】 The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother.答案：別的知道這個秘密的人就是他的父母。【71064】 He is the very person I'm looking for.【71067】 Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.答案：我們兩國是友誼長存的友好鄰邦。

【71068】 Teachers generally like the students who achieve high scores in tests.答案：老師通常喜歡考試中成績好的學生。

【71070】 I remained confused about the problem.答案：這個問題我還是不懂。

【71073】 Totally alone in the room，her mother wanted to find someone to talk to.答案：她媽媽覺得一個人在房間里太孤單了，想找個人說說話。

【71077】 If you want to go, I would give you my advice that you take an umbrella.答案：你要去，我建議你別忘了帶把傘。

【71080】 Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step.答案：廣而言之，美國與歐洲一直同步發展，協調一致。

答案：他正是我要找的人。

【71090】 He went so far as to cheat openly on test.答案：他居然敢公開作弊。

【71097】 I came here as early as eight o'clock this morning.答案：我今天八點鐘就來了。

【71103】 In his composition he made few spelling mistakes.答案：他在作文中的拼寫錯誤很少。

【71172】--Hello.I'd like to speak to Mr.Reynolds.--_____.A． I'm sorry he's not in right now B． No, you can't C． Sorry, you can't D． Ok, go on 答案： A 【71173】--I'm trying to contact a friend Fred Ashley.--_____.A． I don't know him B． Wrong number C． Just a moment D． I see 答案： C 【71176】--Is this 792-3021?--_____.A． No B． Wrong number C． What's your number? D． No, this is 792-3025 答案： D

【71178】--Could you connect me with the reservation office?--_____.A． Yes, I can B． Hold the line a minute.I'll connect you C． Excuse me, I am busy D． It doesn't matter 答案： B

【71180】--May I see the menu, please?--_____.A． This is the menu, sir B． Yes, please go on C． Here you are, sir D． Of course, sir 答案： A 【71181】--I'd like to make a collect call to 352-3558.--_____.A． Who shall I say is phoning? B． And you are? C． Who are you? D． Who is speaking? 答案： A 【71186】--Would you mind changing seats with me?--_____.A． Yes, you can B． Of course.I'd like to C． No, I don't mind D． Certainly, please do 答案： C 【71195】--It's a pleasure to meet you.--_____.A． Thank you B． You too C． Me too D． It's so nice of you 答案： C 【71198】--Mrs.Smith, I'd like to introduce a friend of mine, Johnny Depp.--_____ A． Hi.B． How do you do? C． Hello.D． Are you ok? 答案： B 【71199】--Wendy, I'd like you to meet my brother Sam.--_____ A． I am Wendy.B． I heard about you.C． Nice to meet you.D． Ok.答案： C 【71201】--My plane leaves at 7:25.--_____ A． OK.B． Well, goodbye and have a good trip!C． Why tell me? D． Remember to look me up.答案： B 【71202】--I wish you wouldn't play the TV so loud.--_____ A． Sorry.Where are you trying to sleep? B． Is it loud? C． I don't think it is loud.D． Why? 答案： A

【71207】--I'd better be going.--_____ A． You sure? B． So soon? C． Why not? D． Really? 答案： B 【71211】--Thanks very much.It was a great party!--_____.A． Not at all B． I did it quite badly C． It's nothing D． It was our pleasure 答案： D 【71219】--Congratulations on your success--_____ A． Thank you very much.B． Oh, no, no.C． No, I didn't do very well.D． Sorry, I couldn't be any better.答案： A

【71222】--What can I do for you, sir?--_____ A． Thanks.B． You can go your own way.C． Excuse me.I am busy.D． Yes, I want a kilo of apples.答案： D 【71223】--Hi, is John there, please?--_____ A． Hold on, I'll get him.B． No, he isn't here.C． Yes, he lives here.D． yes, what do you want.答案： A 【71224】--Can I help you with the bag?--_____ A． No, thank you.I can take it myself.B． Thank you.C． Sorry, you can't.D． No, I am all right.答案： A 【71225】--I'd like to book a flight to Beijing, please.--_____.A． No, you can't B． Yes, sir, single or return? C． We are busy.D． Wait 答案： B 【71227】--Sorry I kept you waiting.--_____.A． I'm sorry too B． I don't care C． That's all right.There is no hurry D． No, not at all 答案： C

【74051】 _____ were ironed by my mother yesterday.A． The all sheets B． All of sheets C． All the sheets D． Sheets of all 答案： C

【74063】--Hello, this is Ted.May I speak to Peter?--_____.A． Yes, wait B． I don't know if he's in C． Just a minute, please.I'll see if he's in D． Yes, I am Ted 答案： C

【74065】--Mary, this is Joe's brother David.--_____ A． I'm very glad to meet you.B． Really? C． Hello!D． Are you ok? 答案： A 【74066】--Why don't you stay a little longer?--_____

第五篇：成考英語模擬題帶答案

一、語音知識（共5小題；每題1.5分，共7.5分。）

在下列每組單詞中，有一個單詞的劃線部分與其他單詞的劃線部分的讀音不同。找出這個詞，并把它前面的大寫字母填入左邊括號里。

（）1.A.club

B.tomb

C.comb

D.climb（）2.A.food

B.cool

C.school

D.flood（）3.A.town

B.how

C.down

D.snow（）4.A.each

B.peach

C.break

D.deal（）5.A.hear

B.fear

C.dear

D.wear

二、詞匯與語法知識（共25小題；每題1.5分，共37.5分。）

從每個小題的四個選項中，選出最佳的一項，并把它前面的大寫字母填入左邊的括弧里。6.Today is Jenny's wedding day.She _______ to Thomas.A.just has got married B.has just married C.was just married D.has just got married 7.Every officer and every soldier _______ obey the rules.A.had to

B.have to C.has to

D.must have to 8.Rarely _______ so difficult a problem.A.she could have faced with

B.could have she faced with C.she could have been faced with

D.could she have been faced with 9.______ a dog on the road，the car stopped.A.Having seen

B.On seeing C.The driver seeing

D.Seeing 10.I asked my teacher _______.A.what courses should I take

B.should I take what courses C.I should take what courses

D.what courses I should take 11.Comrade Li promised to help us and he said he would come ______.A.right away

B.all at once C.all of a sudden

D.all right 12.There aren't many pandas ________ in the world today.A.alive

B.living

C.lively

D.lived 13.Such electron tubes ________ in a radio set are also found in a TV set.A.that we use

B.as we use C.as we use them

D.that we use them 14.It _______ to me that he was jealous.A.happened

B.took C.occurred

D.felt 15.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.A.were heated

B.must be heated C.is heated

D.be heated 16.Please ______ me at the station on time.A.meeting B.to meet C.meet D.met 17._______ “hello”，he reached out his hand.A.Said B.Saying C.To say D.Say 18.People are more _______ to spend money on goods with an attractive look than those without.A.attracted B.tempted C.persuaded D.tended 19.It was ______ he saw the doctor coming out of the emergeney room with an expression as grave as a judge _______ he realized the seriousness of his wife's illness.A.not until…that

B.after…when C.until…then

D.before…that

20.Please telephone me half an hour _______.A.in charge

B.in advance C.in time

D.in front 21.Both Mary and Ellen，as well as Jan，_______ studying Chinese History.A.are

B.is C.are being

D.is being 22.I'd like to _______ him to you for the job.He is a very clever and industrious boy.A.refer

B.suggest C.recommend

D.propose 23.It ______ that 200 people died and over 5，000 lost their shelters after the flood.A.reported

B.reports C.has been reported

D.has reported 24.He was asked to speak louder ______ all the other students in the classroom could hear him.A.as

B.so as to

C.so that

D.so as 35.His report on the space exploration was really ________.A.exciting

B.excited

C.excitement

D.excitedly 26.Your chair needs _______.A.to repair

B.repairing

C.to repairing

D.being repair 27.I hate to see papers _______ in pencil.A.writing

B.to write

C.written

D.write 28.The job made her dependent _______ her husband.A.on

B.from

C.of

D.to

29.This is the second time she ______ improvement on that equipment.A.had made

B.made

C.is making

D.has made 30.He spoke so quickly that I did not ______ what he said.A.catch

B.accept

C.take

D.listen

三、完形填空（共20小題；每題1.5分，共30分。）

通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意。從每小題的四個選項中選出可填入相應空白出的最佳選擇，并把它前面的大寫字母填入左邊括弧里。

The common cold is familiar to everyone.People often catch cold in __31_ winter or spring.They may __32_ catch cold at other times __33_ the year.A person with __34_ bad cold usually buys some __35_ of medicine.Pharmacies have many __36_ for a cold.However，doctors __37_ that these medicines do not __38_ very much.They that __39_ person with a bad cold __40_ stay in bad，keep warm，and drink a lot of water.In 1928 an English doctor was working in his laboratory in London hospital.The doctor?s name _41_ Alexander Fleming.One day he _42_ a tiny bit of mold（霉）_43_ a dish that he was _44_ in his work.He started _45_ throw the mold away.Then _46_ noticed that it seemed unusual.He _47_ the mold and studied _48_ for a long time.He _49_ that it could kill germs.He _50_ it penicillin.（）31.A.a B.the C.some D.none

（）32.A.too B.also C.to D.still

（）33.A.at B.from C.of D.on

（）34.A.some B.a C.one D.the

（）35.A.kind B.set C.quantity D.deal

（）36.A.medicine B.much C.medicines D.doctors

（）37.A.tell B.speak C.talk D.say

（）38.A.helps B.help C.helping D.helped

（）39.A.many B.some C.a D.one

（）40.A.ought B.shall C.to D.should

（）41.A.is B.was C.called D.be

（）42.A.finding B.founded C.found D.finds

（）43.A.in B.among C.above D.into

（）44.A.playing B.using C.cooking D.making

（）45.A.to B.and C.but D.by

（）46.A.she B.Dr C.it D.he

（）47.A.kept B.keeps C.keep D.keeping

（）48.A.them B.mold C.it D.him

（）49.A.knew B.studied C.invented D.discovered

（）50.A.calls B.named C.made D.liked

四、閱讀理解（共15小題；每題2分，共30分。）

閱讀下列短文，然后根據短文的內容從每小題的四個選擇項中選出最佳的一項，并把它前面的大寫字母填入左邊的括弧里。

A

It was January 1848.A man was digging near the small village of San Francisco，California，Suddenly，he saw something shiny—gold.By the next year the California gold rush had begun.Thousands of men came to California.They were called ―forty-miners‖ after the year 1849.The forty-miners came from all around the USA.They even came from other countries，including Mexico，Australia，China，France，and England.They left their families and jobs，and made the difficult trip to California.They all shared a dream.They all wanted to make a fortune in gold.Towns and camps grew quickly wherever gold was found.These towns were rough places.There was almost always a saloon，where the men drank whiskey and gambled at cards.In mining towns，men stole and sometimes killed for gold.Did the miners make their fortune？ Some did，especially those who came early were lucky.In 1848，miners usually made about twenty dollars a day.In 1852 miners made about six dollars a day.Many other people came to California to make money from the miners.Prices were very high.A loaf of bread，which cost five cents in New York，cost almost a dollar in San Francisco.In 1848 San Francisco had been a village.Six years later it was a city with a population of 50，000.In 1850 California had enough people to become a state.（）51.In 1849 thousands of men came to California because _______.A.they were forty-miners

B.they wanted to find gold

C.they had families

D.California was a beautiful place

（）52.Towns and camps _________.A.grew quickly

B.grew where there was a saloon

C.grew where there was no gold

D.grew fast wherever there was gold

（）53.Some of the miners who were lucky _________.A.made twenty dollars

B.made their fortune

C.made bread

D.became poor

（）54.The towns of the old West were rough places ________.A.where people fought a lot

B.where there are mountains

C.where there is no water

D.with irregular land

B

Baseball is America?s most popular sport.In a baseball game there are two teams of nine players.Players must hit ball with a bat and then run around four bases.A player who goes around all the bases scores a run for his team.The team that finishes with more runs wins the game.Where did baseball come from？ No one knows for sure.Many people believe that the idea came from a game played by children in England.Other people believe that a man named Abner Doubleday invented the game in Cooperstown，New York，in 1839.But the first real rules of baseball were written in 1845 by Alexander Cartwright.Two teams from New York played a game following Cartwright?s rules.The rules worked well.Soon there were many teams.These early teams were not professional.They played only for fun，not money.But baseball was very popular from the start.Businessmen saw that they could make money with professional baseball teams.The first professional team was started in 1869.This team was the Red Stockings of Cincinati.Within a few years there were professional teams in other cities.In 1876，these teams came together in a league，or group，called the National League.The teams in the National League played one another.In 1901，a new league，called the American League，was formed.To create some excitement，in 1903，the two leagues decided to have their first-place teams play each other.This event was called the World Series.Each year since then the National League winner and the American League winner play in the World Series.And，each year，millions of people look forward to this exciting sports event.（）55.A group of people that play together is _________.A.a team

B.a league

C.a game

D.a player

（）56.A wooden stick used to hit a ball in baseball is called ________.A.a ball

B.a sport

C.a bat

D.a stick

（）57.When a player runs around all four bases he makes ________.A.a four

B.a winner

C.a run

D.a game

（）58.When teams play sports for money they are ________.A.businessmen

B.fun

C.professional

D.amateur

C

Legend tells us that the city of Rome was established in 152 BC.It?s a fact，however，that by 100 AD，Rome was the center of a vast empire.It ranged from Syria in the east to Spain in the west.It stretched from Britain in the north to Africa in the south.All or part of 27 of today‘s countries were included in the Roman Empire.All of their people were ruled by one government，that of Rome.All educated citizens spoke the same language，Latin.And one of the empire?s many

outposts was called Londinium.This unimportant town would later become London，England，and the center of another empire.The Roman Empire collapsed about 1，5000 years ago.Yet in some ways，it is still with us.Take the letters you are reading fox example.English，like many other languages，uses the Roman alphabet while also borrowing many word.The laws of many European countries are based on ancient Roman laws.Roman ruins are scattered throughout Europe，North Africa，and the Middle East.In some places，Roman roads and water courses are still in use.To this day，and European in North Africa is likely to be called ―Roumi‖—Roman.Even modern place names are often inherited from ancient Rome.Both Greece and Germany bear the names given them by the Romans rather than the names that their own people first called them.（）59.The most northern part of the Roman Empire was _______.A.Spain

B.Africa

C.Syria

D.Britain

（）60.The main idea of paragraph 2 is that Roman culture is ________.A.dead and buried

B.based completely on language

C.still part of the present

D.unimportant to history

（）61.In the days of the Empire，the Roman government was probably _______.A.strong

B.divided

C.weak

D.poor

（）62.What happened first？

A.Londinium was an outpost

B.The Roman Empire fell apart.C.The city of Rome was founded.D.London became the center of an empire.D

When water is heated until it boils，bubbles of gas appear and rise through the hot liquid.When an electric current passes through water in a process called electrolysis（電解），bubbles of gas appear and rise through the liquid.Superficially（表面地），the two events appear same.If the gas from the boiling water is examined，its properties are found to be the same as those of the water，Thus，if the steam is cooled to room temperature，a liquid is formed which is indistinguishable from the original water.When，however，the gas from the electrolysis equipment is cooled to room temperature，it remains a gas rather than becoming a liquid.Nor will it，at zero degrees centigrade or below，turn to solid，as will the gas from boiling water，These two processes，boiling and electrolysis，have clearly resulted in products with quite different properties.In boiling，the gas does not represent a new substance，but only a different state of the original substance.Electrolysis，on the other hand，has generated a product which is a new substance，or possibly a mixture of new substances.A change in state as represented by going from a liquid to

a gas without the production of new substances in called a ―physical change‖。However，when a process takes place that produces new substances，this is called a ―chemical change‖ or a ―chemical reaction‖。In a chemical reaction，the initial substances are replaced by a new set of substances or products.（）63.Which of the following is the best title for this passage？

A.Electrolysis

B.Physical and Chemical Changes

C.Different Types of Water

D.Water Temperatures

（）64.At a temperature slightly above zero degrees centigrade，which of the following is true of gas produced by electrolysis？

A.It does not become liquid.B.It cannot be distinguished from water.C.It becomes a solid.D.It expands greatly.（）65.The passage is developed in the way of ________.A.argumentation

B.narration

C.comparison

D.listing examples

五、補全對話（共5句；每句滿分為3分，共15分。）

根據中文提示，將對話中缺少的內容寫在線上。這些句子必須符合英語表達習慣，打句號的地方，用陳述句；打問號的地方，用疑問句。

提示：Wilson太太的丈夫生病了，發燒，頭疼德厲害。她打電話給格林醫生，請他們到家里來一趟。格林醫生簡單詢問情況后，答應馬上就到。

Mr.Wilson：Hello，this is Alice.Is Dr.Green there？

Dr.Green ：Yes，_________66________.Mr.Wilson：Dr.Green，sorry to call you up at this time of the day.But my husband is very sick.I am rather worried._________67_________？

Dr.Green ：Yes，certainly._________68_________？ It will help me to decide what to prepare before I come.Mr.Wilson：Well，I can?t tell exactly，but _________69_________.Dr.Green ：All right then.Don?t worry.Keep him in bed._________70_________.Mr.Wilson：I?ll do that，Dr.Green.See you soon.Dr.Green ：See you.參考答案

1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.C 23.C 24.C 25.A 26.B 27.C 28.A 29.D 30.A 31.B 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.D 41.B 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.A 46.D 47.A 48.C 49.D 50.B 51.B 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.A 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.D 60.C 61.A 62.C 63.B 64.A 65.B 66.Speaking Dr.Green speaking this is Dr.Green speaking

67.Could you come to my（/our）home 68.What?s the matter with him What?s wrong with him

69.he has a fever（/temperature）and a terrible（/bad）headache he?s running a fever and having a terrible（/bad）headache

70.I‘ll be there（/in your house）in a few minutes（/in a moment/soon/ immediately/ right away）

Our school is large and beautiful.When you enter the school gate，you can see a magnificent building.It?s our teaching building.We have our classes there.Behind the teaching building there is a small garden with a lot of flowers and a fountain.On the left side of the garden there is an experiment building.We do our physics and chemistry experiments there.On the right side there is another two – storeyed building.You can find several language labs and computer rooms in it.At the back of the schoolyard is our library.It is full of various books and magazines.On the west end is the playground，where we spend most of our time after school.On the east end you can see a few dormitory buildings.They are both for students and teachers.Our dining hall is located among them.