第一篇:topic five商業(yè)廣告的翻譯.handout
Topic five
商業(yè)廣告的翻譯
?廣告的目的, 功能和構(gòu)成 ?廣告語言的特點
廣告的目的和功能
?信息功能, 美化,表情功能, 呼喚功能
?功能的實現(xiàn): 說理和移情
廣告的構(gòu)成 標(biāo)題, 正文, 口號, 商標(biāo), 插圖 廣告語言的特點
?詞匯特征 ?句法特點 ?修辭特征
詞匯特征
(1)大量使用形容詞 fine ,great, wonderful 表稱贊和推薦 crisp, delicious, fresh ,rich在食品廣告中常用;clean, fresh, soft 常用在牙刷,洗發(fā)水等產(chǎn)品廣告中;super-常構(gòu)成超級,(2)創(chuàng)新的拼寫方式Forget hot taste.Only Kool, with pure menthol has the taste of extra coolnees.Come up to cool.We know eggsactly how to sell eggs
(3)借用外來詞Order it in bottles or in canes Perrier… with added je ne sais quoi
(4)靈活運用復(fù)合詞 mass-product, light-blue, frist class, home-made, warm-heated, money-saving, innocent-looking 句法特點
?比較口語化, 句式大多簡單明了, 采用多種句式。
(1)使用簡單句, 一目了然
飛利浦電器, 沒有最好, 只有更好 你的人生伴侶.鐘表
(2)使用疑問句, 制造懸念, 激發(fā)好奇心.?Do you teach? If so, Please read on…
?The Seiko Ladied Quartz, Prettey, isn’t she?
(3)使用祈使句, 簡單明快,車鼓動性強.別再猶豫了Take it now!讀, 記憶, 行動 Red, remembered, rushed.(4)使用省略句, 語言凝練,重點突出
當(dāng)代的經(jīng)典, 永久的記時 A contemporary classic, a timeless timepiece.生機勃勃的領(lǐng)帶, 獻(xiàn)給那些沉靜而有信心的人們.Bright ties, ties for the cool, and certainly the confidence.(5)使用 who’s on it.(2)暗喻
?To spread your wings in Asia share our vantage point..?Sophisticated, sweet-to drink pink Lady.(3)雙關(guān)
?Mr Kipling(蛋糕牌子,又是對人的稱呼)烤制出絕好的蛋糕Mr Kipling makes exceedingly good cakes.You’ll go nuts for the nuts you get in Nut.It fills you up and gives you lots of go ?(4)對偶
?The choice is yours, the honor is ours.選擇在你們, 榮耀在我們
? See, sun, sand, seclusion and Spain!You can have all this when you visit the new Hotel Caliente.(5)壓韻(頭韻,尾韻)?健康,幽默,幸福……這就是我們的贈禮.Health, Humor, and Happiness…Gifts we’d love to give.高保真, 高樂趣, 高時尚-只來自索尼Hi-fi, Hi-fun, Hi-Fashion, Only from Sony.?Flash.Dash.Classic splash.(6)反復(fù)
?電腦設(shè)計,激光消音,機器人制造.Designed with a computer;Silenced by a laser;Built by a robot(7)排比
?THE CORDIA, shaped by the wind, born for the road.CORDIA汽車,流線型設(shè)計,天生地實用與道路行駛
?We will tell you the odds before they are out.We will published what other publications dare not.We will give you inside information you won’t find elsewhere.(雜志廣告).縮減
?Wherever you are.Whatever you do.The Allianz Group is always on your side.安聯(lián)集團
?The man who have achieved success are the man who have dared, who have had the courage to act upon their convictions招商
套用警句格言
?Not all cars are created equal.三菱汽車 ? Tasting is believing 食品
使用四字結(jié)構(gòu)
?Finest food, most attractive surroundings, and friendly disposition.?廣告文本的翻譯處理
廣告文本應(yīng)該在謀篇布局上應(yīng)該本著功能相似的原則, 不拘泥與原文的遣詞造句, 因該以文本為翻譯單位, 再現(xiàn)原文的功能.?The perfect companion for 2001 Since you depend on a diary every day of the year, Pick the one that’s perfect for you.Bright, attraction, colourful, always for a smile… ?
?100%COTTON ?GENTLE AND SOFT enough for a baby’s skin.?A NATURAL WAY to remove, makeup and cleaner, nail polish, lotion, cream, etc.?PERFECT for any use where a soft absorbent applicator is needed
主要問題
1.準(zhǔn)確傳遞廣告中的信息
2.根據(jù)廣告性質(zhì)采用不同的翻譯方法.3.對說理類廣告多用直譯, 移情類廣告比較自由, 實現(xiàn)關(guān)高宣傳和勸購 4.Double Star Takes you Afar
5.考慮社會文化因素, 注意讀者的審美需求.It is the taste.6.譯文要符合譯入語的廣告文體.Safe, Easy, Quick, and with fun!7.使用安全,操作簡單, 高效快捷, 樂在其中!Exercises and Keys
?It is gives me hair a top-quality look.?Just do it ?You and northwest, business at its best ?Old product.New Design ?Kodak is Olympic Colour.?A word to wealthy ?The world smiles with Reader’s Digest.?The Globe bring you the world in a single copy ?Unlike me, my ROLEX never needs a rest ?Chromatic exclusive sunglasses ?A Mars a day keeps you work, rest and play.?Quality first, advanced technology, scientific management and best service.?Where there is South, there is a way ?Everything is extraordinary;Everything tempts.
第二篇:商業(yè)廣告用語翻譯精選
產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷英國、美國、日本、意大利和東南亞,深受消費者歡迎和好評
Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers.暢銷全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顧客 making things convenient for customers 方便群眾 making things convenient for the people;to suit the people's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活
bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life;providing amenities for the people;making life easier for the population 各式俱全 wide selection;large assortment 顧客第一 Customers first 顧客是我們的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods.規(guī)格齊全 a complete range of specifications;complete in specifications 花樣繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 貨色齊全 goods of every description are available.客商第一,信譽第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多樣 a great variety of models 款式活潑端莊 vivid and great in style 款式齊全 various styles 款式新穎 attractive designs;fashionable(in)style;novel(in)design;up-to-date styling 款式新穎眾多 diversified latest designs 美觀大方 elegant appearance 美觀耐用 attractive and durable 品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,療效顯著,譽滿全球,歡迎選購 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome.品種多樣 numerous in variety 品種繁多 great varieties 品種齊全 complete range of articles;a great variety of goods 讓我們的商品走向世界 Let our commodities go to the world.色彩鮮艷 bright in colour 色澤光潤 bright luster 色澤艷麗 beautiful in colour 深受顧客歡迎 We have won praise from customers;to win warm praise from customers.深受國內(nèi)外客戶的信賴和稱譽 to win a high admiration and is widely trusted at home and abroad.深受消費者的歡迎和好評 to be highly praised and appreciated by the consuming public 式樣美觀 aesthetic appearance;attractive fashion 式樣新穎大方 modern and elegant in fashion 式樣雅致 elegant in style 式樣眾多 in many styles 適合男女老幼四季穿著 suitable for men and women of all ages in all seasons 外型大方 elegant shape 享有聲譽 to win a high admiration 新品迭出 new varieties are introduced one after another 行銷世界 to be distributed all over the world 以工藝精細(xì)、針法靈巧多樣、圖案典雅大方而聞名中外
to be renowned both at home and abroad for exquisite workmanship, skillful knitting and elegant design 以用料講究、圖案新穎、色澤秀麗、工藝精湛而著稱
famous for selected materials, novel designs, delightful colors and exquisite workmanship 以質(zhì)優(yōu)原料,尺寸齊全,品種花樣繁多而著稱
famous for high quality raw materials, full range of specifications and sizes, and great variety of designs and colours 譽滿中外 to enjoy high reputation at home and abroad 在國際市場上享有盛譽 to enjoy high reputation in the international market 造型美觀 attractive appearance;handsome apprearance 質(zhì)量第一,用戶至上 quality first, consumers first 種類繁多 wide varieties 安心益氣 to make one feel at ease and energetic 包君健康 keep you fit all the time 保健治病 promoting health and curing diseases 保暖防風(fēng) warm and windproof 補肝益腎,調(diào)和氣血,益髓添精,強健筋骨,烏須黑發(fā),駐顏養(yǎng)血
an enricher and nutrient for the liver and kidney, for improving blood circulation, beneficial to essential medulla, strengthening sinews and bones, preventing hairs from greying and helpful to retain complexion 補氣,健脾,益精滋腎,祛風(fēng)活血,強筋壯骨
good for energy and the spleen, beneficial to the sperm, nourishing the kidneys relieving rheumatism, activating blood circulation and strengthening sinews and bones 補血和氣,壯腰強筋 norishing blood and adjusting spirit, strenthening waist and sinews 除濕散寒,祛風(fēng)定痛 relieving rheumatism, chills and pains 穿著舒適輕便 comfortable and easy to wear 促進體質(zhì) to invigorate health effectively 滌煩療渴 to clear out annoyance and quench thirst 冬暖夏涼 cool in summer and warm in winter 芳香開竅,理氣止痛 removing obstruction, smoothing circulation and stopping pains.防病治病,延年益壽 to prevent and cure diseases, and to have a long life.富有濃厚詩情兩畫意 rich in poetic and pictorial splendor 瑰麗多彩 pretty and colourful 花色入時 fashionable patterns 華麗臻美 beautiful and charming 戒煙 making people refrain from smoking 經(jīng)久耐用 durable in use;durable service 久享盛名 with a long standing reputation 居家旅行,工礦必備之良藥 an indispensable sovereign remedy for home, travelling, factories and mines.老少良伴 good companions for children as well as adults 歷史悠久 to have a long historical standing 男女老少皆宜 sutable for men, women, and children 其功若神 as effectively as a fairy does.輕身延壽 to reduce body weight and prolong life.清火明目,怡神醒腦,幫助消化 to produce an effect toward clear vision, refreshment, and digestion helping 清潔口腔 cleaning the oral cavity.清熱潤喉,止咳化痰,益氣消啞
good for antipyretic and throat soother, curing cough and facilitating expectoration and relieving hoarseness 清晰突出 clear and distinctive 祛風(fēng)散寒,活血止痛 relieving rheumatism and cold, invigorating blood circulation and stopping pains 染制精良 meticulous dyeing processes 柔軟輕盈 soft and light 色彩奪目,迥然不俗 colours are striking, yet not vulgar 色彩奇異大方 in pain, fancy colours 色彩協(xié)調(diào) matching in colour 色澤鮮艷可愛 lovely luster 設(shè)計華麗 luxuriant in design 手感舒適 comfortable feel 提神,生津 refreshing and enriching the saliva 條紋清晰 clear-cut texture 消熱止渴 relieving heat and thirst.消暑解熱,明目怡神 relieving heat and sunstroke, refreshing and beneficial to the eyes 顏色調(diào)和 harmonious colours 益氣強壯,延緩衰老 bracing up the whole system and strengthening it, delaying senility 益氣養(yǎng)陰,生津增液,補肺健脾 supplement the vital energy and nourish yin, promote the production of body fluid and saliva 雍容華麗 rich and magnificent 永不褪色 fast colour 優(yōu)點出眾 outstanding features 質(zhì)地考究 superior(in)quality 質(zhì)地優(yōu)良 fine quality 助消化,除油膩 to help digest greasy food 按質(zhì)論價 fixing prices according to quality of products 包裝多樣 diversified in packaging 包裝牢固 strong packing 包裝美觀牢固 elegant and sturdy package 包裝新穎美觀 fashionable and attractive packages 保溫性強 extremely efficient in preserving heat;good heat preservation 保險性強 high safety 保質(zhì)保量 quality and quantity assured 備用詳細(xì)目錄,惠索即寄 catalogues will be sent upon request 備有各種款式的現(xiàn)貨,任君挑選 available in various designs and specifications for your selection 備有塑料盒,便于安全保存 a plastic case is compartmentalized for safe storage.表面光澤 lustrous surface 薄利多銷 volume large, profit small 不可退貨 without return 不惜工本 spare no cost at any cost;at all costs;at any cost 采用先進技術(shù)和工藝 to adopt advanced technology 采用最新設(shè)備和工藝 with the most up-to-date equipment and techniques 操作簡便 easy and simple to handle 產(chǎn)品按質(zhì)分等 grade products according to quality 常飲綠茶,增進健康 regular tea drinking improves your health 敞開供應(yīng) sufficent supply;products are sold without limitations;commodities are available without restriction 傳送靈活 to ensure smooth transmission 傳統(tǒng)繡工精湛 exquisite traditional embroidery art 大賤賣 sale price;crazy price;terrific value;special buy 定牌包裝 packing of nominated brand 獨特的民族風(fēng)味 to have a unique national style 多年使用,不出故障 to assure years of trouble-free service.防水、防震、防磁 waterproof, shock-resistant and antimagnetic 防縮 shrink-proof 防皺 crease-resistance 富有彈性 high resilience 工藝精良 sophisticated technologies 供不應(yīng)求 in short supply;demand exceeding supply 光潔度高 highly polished 回味雋永 pleasant in after-taste 貨源充足 ample supply and prompt delivery 技術(shù)先進 modern techniques 技藝精湛 exquisite craftsmanship;fine craftsmanship 價格公道 reasonable price;street price;moderate price 價格適中 moderrat cost 價謙物美 high quality and inexpensive;less expensive, high quality goods;high quality and low overhead 節(jié)日送禮之佳品 ideal gift for all occasions 潔白純正 pure whiteness 潔白如玉 jade white 潔白透明 pure white and translucent 結(jié)構(gòu)堅固 sturdy construction;firm in structure 經(jīng)久耐用 structural durabilities 精打細(xì)算 be shrewd in money matters;careful calculation and strict budgeting 居同類產(chǎn)品之魁首 to rank first among similar products 具有傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)味特色 distinctive for its traditional properties 具有中國風(fēng)味 possessing Chinese flavours 抗沖擊強度高 excellent in cushion effect 抗熱耐磨 strong resistance to heat and hard wearign 科學(xué)精制 by scientific process 口味鮮美 delicious in taste 快干 drip-dry 買一送一 buy one give one;buy one get one free 免燙 non-ironing 能多次翻新 can be repeatedly remoulded.您想購買中國土特產(chǎn)品嗎? Do you want to buy some Chinese native produce? 烹制簡便 convenient to cook 品質(zhì)優(yōu)良 excellent(in)quality 清倉大拍賣 clearance price 清貨大減價 big clearance sale 清香爽口 pleasant to the palate 請君常購中國綠茶 always buy Chinese green teas.韌硬兼顧 to have both the quality of tenacity and hardness 入口和醇 mild and mellow 軟硬適中 neither too hard nor too soft 散熱迅速 rapid heat dissipation 色澤光潔,柔軟防滑 lustrous, soft and antislippery 色澤清澈 limpid in sight 設(shè)計合理 professional design 設(shè)計新穎 modern design 生意興隆 driving a roaring trade 使用方便 easy to use 使用極便 utmost in convenience 使用壽命長久 long perfomance life 歲末大減價 year-end bargain sale 甜而不膩 agreeable sweetness 外觀色澤透明 bright and traslucent in appearance 外型永葆如新 to ensur a like-new appearance indefinely 維修簡易 easy to repair 味道純正 good taste 味鮮可口 agreeable to taste 物價穩(wěn)定 price remains stable 夏季特別大減價 special summer sale 香濃可口 aromatic character and agreeable taste 香氣馥郁 fragrant aroma 香氣高雅 elegant in smell 香味純和 pure and mild flavour 香味濃郁 aromatic flavour;fragrant(in)flavour 性能可靠 dependable performance 性能可靠 reliable perormance 性能無與倫比 unequal in performanc 性能優(yōu)越 superior performance 選材精良 superior materials 選料講究 high quality materials 選料考究 choice materials 沿用傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)方式 with traditional methods 易于潤滑 easy to lubricate 用料精選 carefully selected materials 用料上乘 selected material 優(yōu)質(zhì)西瓜,消暑解渴 top watermelons, quell summer thirst 制作精巧 skilful manufacture 制作精巧 perfect in workmanship 質(zhì)量高,衛(wèi)生嚴(yán) high standard in quality and hygiene 眾所喜愛品嘗之佳品 delicacies loved by all 走時準(zhǔn)確 punctual timing 最新工工藝 latest technology 做工講究 exquisite(in)workmanship 做工精細(xì) fine workmanship
商務(wù)英語:廣告常用英語詞匯
(一)-the-line advertising 線上廣告
廣告代理商能從媒介獲得傭金(代理費)的廣告,如報刊廣告、廣播廣告、電視廣告、影院廣告、戶外廣告等。account executive(AE)客戶經(jīng)理
廣告公司的業(yè)務(wù)人員職稱。客戶經(jīng)理往往須負(fù)責(zé)下列工作:
1.與客戶及內(nèi)部其他部門共同計劃廣告(planning),向各部門傳達(dá)客戶的訴求;
2.內(nèi)部協(xié)調(diào)(coordination); 3.將廣告設(shè)計稿提供給客戶;
4.監(jiān)督執(zhí)行政府的有關(guān)廣告規(guī)章和法規(guī)(regulatory matters);
5.利潤管理(agency profit management)。客戶經(jīng)理通過計劃和協(xié)調(diào)公司的服務(wù)部門,為客戶提供更好的服務(wù)。
account service 客戶服務(wù) 客戶服務(wù)是廣告代理商的中心工作,肩負(fù)著使客戶滿意從而建立起長期的合作關(guān)系,及推動廣告代理商內(nèi)部工作有效運轉(zhuǎn)的任務(wù)。它是廣告代理商直接同客戶進行溝通、交流的一種功能。advertising agency 廣告代理商
習(xí)慣上稱為“廣告公司”,即《中華人民共和國廣告法》中所稱的廣告經(jīng)營者,一般設(shè)有許多職能和業(yè)務(wù)部門。advertising campaign 廣告活動
有時稱為“運動”或“戰(zhàn)役”。廣告活動包括以下四個重點:制作適當(dāng)?shù)匿N售信息、及時傳達(dá)給受眾、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臅r機,用合理的成本。廣告主制定一項能測定的目標(biāo)后,為達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)制定廣告戰(zhàn)略,然后在市場上執(zhí)行,包括:廣告計劃、廣告制作、銷售及營銷等。
advertising department 廣告部
分為企業(yè)的廣告部和媒介的廣告部。企業(yè)的廣告經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)擬定、審核及實施企業(yè)的廣告計劃。一般也是負(fù)責(zé)有關(guān)廣告的具體工作。媒介的廣告部經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)出售報刊等的版面,廣播、電視的時間等。airport advertising 機場廣告
利用機場的候機室及在機場內(nèi)其他各種場地和設(shè)備上制作刊出的廣告,也包括在指示牌上制作的廣告。Appeal 訴求
廣告通過媒介向目標(biāo)受眾訴說,以求達(dá)到所期望的反應(yīng)。訴求是制定某種道德、動機、認(rèn)同,或是說服受眾應(yīng)該去做某件事的理由。訴求分三類:理性的、感性的和道義的。訴求所用語句應(yīng)具有強烈的感染力。area sampling 區(qū)域抽樣
群體抽樣的一種形式。樣本空間按區(qū)域進行劃分,選定某抽樣區(qū)域,如一個縣、一個行政區(qū)、一個街區(qū),從中確定調(diào)查對象。Audience 受眾
商務(wù)英語:廣告常用英語詞匯
(二)bus stop pillar advertising 站牌廣告
在車輛停靠站站牌上的廣告。人們在候車時往往要注意站名,一般就能留心到廣告。
bus stop shelter advertising 候車亭廣告
設(shè)置在公共車輛候車站的廣告。一般設(shè)計成遮陽篷形式,同時作為車站的識別標(biāo)志,并美化街道。button 其實是從banner廣告演變過來的一種廣告形式,圖形尺寸比banner要小。一般是120*60像素,甚至更小。由于圖形尺寸小,故可以被更靈活的放置在網(wǎng)頁的任何位置。clicks 點擊次數(shù)
訪問者通過點擊橫幅廣告而訪問廠商的網(wǎng)頁,稱點擊一次。點擊這個廣告,即表示他對廣告感興趣,希望得到更詳細(xì)的信息。Click rate廣告被點擊的次數(shù)與廣告收視次數(shù)的比率。即click/impression。如果這個頁面出現(xiàn)了一萬次,而網(wǎng)頁上的廣告的點擊次數(shù)為五百次,那么點擊率即為5%。目前,亞太區(qū)的點擊率平均為1.5%。點擊率可以精確地反映廣告效果,也是網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告吸引力的一個標(biāo)志。
CPM cost per thousand impression 千人成本 即廣告主購買1000個廣告收視次數(shù)的費用或者是廣告被1000人次看到所需的費用。
demands 需求
有能力并愿意購買某個產(chǎn)品的欲望。當(dāng)消費者有購買能力時,欲望便轉(zhuǎn)化為需求。有許多高檔商品是許多人所夢寐以求的,但卻只有少數(shù)人有能力購買。因此,廠商要估量有多少人想要這種產(chǎn)品,更要了解有多少人真正愿意并有能力購買。demonstration 演示
在推銷中,按所推銷產(chǎn)品的說明,對其功用進行提示性或模擬性的操作。對無法直接演示的產(chǎn)品,可采用放映錄像片的辦法。商店的營業(yè)員也可采用演示的方法推銷商品,如將衣料半披在自己身上,讓顧客觀看顏色和花樣的衣著效果。diary survey 日記本調(diào)查
收集初級數(shù)據(jù)方法之一。散發(fā)預(yù)先編制的一種日記本,要求家庭主婦或特約對象把他們在一段時間中采購商品的數(shù)量、牌號記下來,由企業(yè)家期回收,以統(tǒng)計消費者購貨的頻率和所購商品的牌號。在國外還采用日記本調(diào)查的方法調(diào)查消費者收看或收聽廣告的情況。direct mail(DM)直接郵遞廣告
既是直銷的一種方法,也是廣告的主要形式之一。美國1991年用于直接郵遞的廣告費占全部廣告支出的19.3%,僅次于報紙廣告和電視廣告。主要是直接郵遞各種形式的印刷品,如信件(letter)、傳單(leaflet)、小冊子(booklet)以及其他材料,如訂購單(orderform)等。在國外不少家庭和辦公室的信箱中每天會塞滿郵寄品,被稱為junk mail。為此直接郵遞的印刷品必須精心設(shè)計,如果沒有吸引力就會被收件人隨手丟入垃圾箱。
商務(wù)英語:廣告常用英語詞匯
(三)magazine advertising 雜志廣告 刊登在雜志上的廣告。雜志可分為專業(yè)性雜志(professional magazine)、行業(yè)性雜志(trade magazine)、消費者雜志(consumer magazine)等。由于各類雜志讀者比較明確,是各類專業(yè)商品廣告的良好媒介。刊登在封
二、封
三、封四和中間雙面的雜志廣告一般用彩色印刷,紙質(zhì)也較好,因此表現(xiàn)力較強,是報紙廣告難以比擬的。雜志廣告還可以用較多的篇幅來傳遞關(guān)于商品的詳盡信息,既利于消費者理解和記憶,也有更高的保存價值。雜志廣告的缺點是:影響范圍較窄。因雜志出版周期長,經(jīng)濟信息不易及時傳遞。mail order advertising 郵購廣告
在郵購目錄上刊登的廣告。形式之一是由郵購商店向客戶分寄或分發(fā)郵購目錄,由客戶按目錄上的商品編號及定價,把貨款匯到郵購商店,商店收到后即向客戶寄發(fā)商品。這類郵購目錄有成冊的,也有配合時令分季零頁寄發(fā)的,在前者上刊登廣告一般要收費,后者大都是免費的。mail survey 郵寄調(diào)查
將事先設(shè)計好的調(diào)查表(亦稱問卷,questionnaire)投寄給調(diào)查對象,要求填好后寄回。這種形式是在被訪問者不愿面談及其反應(yīng)可能受訪問者或曲解的情況下所能采取的最好辦法。問卷必須簡潔,問題明了。郵寄調(diào)查表的回收率一般較低,回收時間較遲緩。mailing list 寄發(fā)表
直銷需要編制寄發(fā)表。寄發(fā)對象的名單可來自電話簿、行名錄、本企業(yè)客戶的名單,和廣告中索取說明書的回折。也可以收集各種協(xié)會的會員錄,報刊雜志的訂戶名錄。國外有些會員錄和訂戶名錄可以付費購買。maintenance advertising 維持性廣告
在大規(guī)模廣告以后,刊登地位較不顯著或時間較短的廣告,以保持消費者或用戶對大規(guī)模廣告內(nèi)容的印象。margin 頁邊空白 印刷廣告(如報刊廣告)在排版時應(yīng)在廣告四周留有一定的空白,這樣可以在視覺上起到良好的效果。market research 市場調(diào)查 market segmentation 市場細(xì)分化
亦稱為市場區(qū)隔、市場分割或市場劃分。企業(yè)在市場經(jīng)營活動中,為了更好滿足消費者日益增長的物質(zhì)和精神需求,一般需要根據(jù)一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),把市場劃分為擁有特定消費者群以更細(xì)小的市場。市場細(xì)分是企業(yè)制定市場營銷策略和選擇目標(biāo)市場的前提,通常把經(jīng)濟形態(tài)、地理環(huán)境、消費者性格和購買行動等因素作為劃分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從而對成千上萬消費者構(gòu)成的市場進行細(xì)分。media buying 媒介購買
媒介計劃經(jīng)客戶通過后,向所采用的媒介訂購版面或時間。media department 媒介部門 media evaluation 媒介評價
負(fù)責(zé)媒介評價的人員,一般被稱為媒介計劃員。媒介計同經(jīng)過評價和選擇擬訂廣告的媒介計劃。廣告代理商須收集各種有關(guān)備選媒介的資料,有時還需要為特定的客戶或行業(yè)在媒介資料方面做專門服務(wù)。發(fā)達(dá)國家的媒介單位也主動提供有關(guān)讀者、觀眾、聽眾的資料,并印成專冊(media kit)免費提供給廣告代理商和廣告主。媒介計劃員要對這些資料進行評價、核實。media mix 媒介組合
在同一媒體計劃中,使用兩種及兩種以上不同的媒介,稱媒介組合。媒介組合所產(chǎn)生的協(xié)同作用,其總和效果遠(yuǎn)大于各媒體分別相加之和。media objectives 媒介目標(biāo)
是媒介和整個市場營銷和廣告計劃的關(guān)系,包括:要通過媒介達(dá)到的目標(biāo)市場;能支配的預(yù)算;必要的到達(dá)度(reach)和廣告出現(xiàn)的頻率(frequency);按年或按月的持續(xù)情況;必要的伸縮性;媒介和創(chuàng)意的關(guān)系 media recommendations 媒介介紹
詳細(xì)而正確地列出可供選擇的媒介,如果所用的媒介是別出心裁的,就需要有必要的說明。
商務(wù)英語:廣告法則
(一)廣告詞匯
英語廣告是一種獨特的語言形式,它遵循正規(guī)的英語語法規(guī)則,但是仍有許多獨特的處理方式。在用詞方面,英語廣告可以說是兼收并蓄,不拘一格,絢麗多姿。1)在政府頒發(fā)公文、學(xué)校招生等的廣告中,用詞極為嚴(yán)肅正統(tǒng)。
例 1 Our present Principal/Chief Executive has reached retirement age and the governing board wants to make the crucial appointment of his replacement in 1994.If you are a highly qualified and experienced individual and you think you have the vision, energy and enthusiasm to lead the college into the next century, please write for further information and post particulars to xxxxx.2)在許多情況下,廣告為了產(chǎn)生一種幽默和詼諧的效果,故意使用一些不正式的語言。
例 1 Each transfer weight advantage and power into real, all round performance at prices we know won't freak you out.在這則廣告中,freak out 是一非正式詞組,意思是精神恍惚,極度興奮(尤其指吸毒之后),它在此的意思是frighten(使人害怕),或是scare 的意思。例 2 What's more, during our new appliance sale we've knocked up to 50% off top name brands.knock 在此的意思是defeat(擊敗),比起defeat來卻很不正式,但是表達(dá)效果卻比defeat要生動得多。例 3 Keep the frog out of your throat.這是一個咽喉片的廣告中的最后一句話,廣告策劃者故意用這樣一個非正式的短語取得一種幽默的效果。
在許多廣告中,使用了大量的俚語和非正式的詞匯,使廣告顯得通俗活潑,給人留下深刻的印象。如在一件外衣的廣告中,為了強調(diào)該外衣的特色、衣袋設(shè)計的不同凡響,甚至可以防盜,文字是這樣的pity the pickpocket(可憐那些三只手吧),其中pickpocket 就屬于口語體,相當(dāng)于漢語中的“三只手”或“扒手”。假如把它換成thief(賊),效果就不如pickpocket 生動有趣。
專有名詞的使用在廣告中也很廣泛,利用名人或名地等可以增加廣告的說服力,引起讀者的注意。如 This is one place Mick Doohan will never race.中,Mike Doohan 就是一位著名的賽車手,這是本田汽車公司的廣告,意思是“這是一塊連Mike Doohan 都不去比賽的地方。”又如,F(xiàn)rom the country that brought you Alain Delon: a new range of traditional cast-iron pots and pans, with smooth bottoms for use on all types of hob.廣告中Alain Delon(阿蘭·德龍)也是一位著名影星。
(二)廣告句型
英文廣告中不止用詞別出心裁,句型也很有特色。下面我們就來看一看。英語廣告的句型也多種多樣,但最常用的句型有以下幾類: 1)祈使句 這是出現(xiàn)最多的句型。
例 1 Ask any one who owns one.(汽車廣告語)詢問一下有這種車的人吧。
例 2 Lay down your arms.(桌子廣告語)放下您的胳膊吧。例 3 Please do not leave it too late.事不宜遲。2)一般疑問句 通常用在廣告的前面。例 1 Have you ever dreamed of ascending the steps of a great temple built to the gods?(旅行社廣告)您是否夢想過登上為眾神修建的宏偉廟宇的臺階?
例 2 Can a tired, overworked voice command attention in class? 一個疲憊、過勞的聲音能吸引全班的注意力嗎? 又如下面這個廣告全部由一般疑問句構(gòu)成:
People with PhDs should have inquiring minds.Consider this a simple test.A)Do you want to work in world-class research laboratories? B)Do you want to apply your research skills to keep a successful business at the cutting edge of world technology? C)Do you want to build your career with a major international company headquartered in Australia? If your answers to these questions are “yes”, BHP would like to talk to you.Your first challenge is to discover more by calling Theoni Parthimos, our Senior Personnel Officer.3)省略句 在英語廣告中,省略句比比皆是,甚至整篇廣告都由省略句構(gòu)成。例 Serviced Greenfield sites aplenty.Ready for development.For sale.For manufacture.For business.For services.For leisure.A million square feet of ready-to-wear premise.Brand new business parks.Four-star conference facilities.Backed by 14 years' success in helping business to relocate, set-up, prosper, expand.4)比較級 比較級在廣告中用得非常多,這是由于英語廣告中有大量的形容詞和副詞做修飾語的緣故。例1 Today in business fast is no longer fast enough, even faster is still too slow to keep pace with the incredible demands placed on people and the computers they work with.That's one reason why IBM developed P60/D.60MHz 64-bit Pentium Chip computers so fast, so powerful, it makes today's conventional computers like they are moving at a snail's space.例2 These days succeeding in business means getting more competitive and making tougher decisions.例3 The new Minolta Riva Zoom 105EX is the most compact camera in a very prestigious class.例4 In short, the stronger your character, the brighter your future.5)直接引語 在英語廣告中直接引語出現(xiàn)得很多,原因:一是直接引語使得廣告顯得形式活潑、新穎;二是采用直接引語從心理學(xué)的角度看可以增強說服力。例1 “It's like we're all in the same office.The office just happens to be spread across 7,000 miles of ocean,” Tom Hughes MIS Director, Construction.這是IBM公司的一則廣告的開頭語,通過該公司經(jīng)理的話,使廣告顯得生動具體。
例2 “Through the NVQ initiative we have discovered talents and competencies we would never otherwise have known about.” Says Ian McDermot of Philips Components in Blackburn.這是用人單位對NVQ職業(yè)培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)的贊揚。
第三篇:商務(wù)信函的翻譯handout
外貿(mào)信函翻譯
商務(wù)信函的文體特點 1.詞語使用特點 1)用詞規(guī)范正式
正式詞匯,基本詞匯和非正式詞匯并存,多使用正式詞匯和中性詞匯,體現(xiàn)商務(wù)公函規(guī)范正式,公事公辦的特點。
We are pleased to advice you that your order No.103 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction.In accordance with your request, we are sending you herewith our price list and some pamphlets.We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5% in view of our long pleasant relations.All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.In such a case, Seller is bound to reimburse Buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.2).表意準(zhǔn)確、專業(yè)性強
大量使用專業(yè)術(shù)語,行話,外來借詞,縮略語及一般詞匯在商務(wù)語境中的特殊用法。Trimming charges平倉費 Insurance policy 保險單 Coverage 險別 Premium 保險費 Underwriter 保險人 Establishment 開證 Counteroffer 還盤
Proforma invoice 形式發(fā)票
We shall cover TPND on your order.我們將為你方的貨物投保。
It would be appreciated if you would let us know by return your lowest possible price for the following goods FOB London.Average is of two kinds;General Average and Particular Average.The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.The market here for this product is active, and the best price we can offer is US $ 150 or over per long ton.3).用語樸素,淡于修飾 Dear Sirs, Thank you for your interest in our fireworks.In reply to your enquiry of November 10, we are really sorry to say that we cannot divulge any of our sales information.We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience.Yours truly,2.句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點 1)句式正規(guī)完整
正式書面英語,頻繁使用復(fù)句,分詞短語,不定式短語,插入語,同位結(jié)構(gòu),獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。
In order to facilitate business in consideration of the present monetary stringency, the corporation, on behalf of which I am studying this proposition, is willing to base transaction on trade by barter and would import any articles, which you would ship to the United States.2)用陳述句表示委婉的祈使意義。
We should be glad to have your immediate shipping instructions.We should be obliged if you would send us by air a copy of the packing list for the shipment to be dispatched by sea.3)大量使用套語
3.禮貌,委婉語氣的把握
We have not received your payment of the balance of US& 5 000.We regret having to remind you that we have not received your payment of the balance of US $ 5,000.使用please Please see to it that your goods meet our requirements.使用be grateful(obliged)We should be grateful/ obliged if you could provide us with all possible information on your market.使用invite We wish to invite/ draw/ call your attention to the fact that the buyers are in urgent need of the contracted goods.Thank you for your letter of June 6 and we enclose our Order No.2245 for ladies’ shoes.With reference to your letter of May 6, we are pleased to give an order for the following.This is a trial order.Please send us 35 sets only so that we may tap the market.If successful, we will give you large orders in the future.If you can accept &275 and send us a proforma invoice, we will open a letter of credit for 1 000 sets.商務(wù)信函翻譯要點
1.商務(wù)英語信函翻譯原則
The duplicate shipping documents including bill of lading, invoice, packing list and inspection certification were airmailed to you today.Please be informed that, on account of the fluctuations of foreign exchanges the quotations is subject to change without previous notice.Full information as to prices, quality, quantity available and other relative particulars would be appreciated.We are looking forward to a favorable reply.Would you let us know what your terms of payment are? We should be grateful if you would give us further details of Chinese leather shoes.Please inform us how soon you can make delivery.1)熟悉普通詞語的特殊表達(dá)意義
The product will find a good market in USA.At present, we cannot entertain your counteroffer, as our price is quite reasonable.You claim should be supported by sufficient evidence.We shall take out insurance at this end under our Open Policy.2)理解原文結(jié)構(gòu),語法和邏輯關(guān)系
The goods we received contrary to our instructions are packed in wooden cases without iron hoops.Please note that the 200 machine tools you ordered on September 15 will be dispatched tomorrow by rail to San Francisco for shipment by s.s Sichuan, which leaves for Shanghai on October 28.we enclose our invoice and shall draw on you at sight against this shipment through Bank of China here, as agreed.We ask you may place with us will always be carefully attended to.翻譯下列信件: Dear Sirs, Our market survey informs us that you are a big buyer of Cotton Piece Goods.As this item falls within the scope of our business activities, we take this opportunity to express our wish to establish direct business relations with you at an early date.In order to give you a general idea of the various kinds of Cotton Piece Goods now available for export, we enclose a brochure and a price list.Quotations and sample books will be airmailed to you upon receipt of your specific inquiry.We look forward to your favorable reply.Yours faithfully, Gentlemen, I have been informed that MARBLE is being imported and used in your country in the manufacture of figures, art objects, architectural ornaments and for many other purposes.There are quantities of this item here, in different weights and sizes, with varied colours and shapes.The price is very reasonable and the quotations will be given upon request.In order to promote business of mutual benefit, I am willing to exchange goods with you.I’ll be glad to hear from you at an early date and possibly, with all particulars.You will have my immediate attention.Yours Sincerely,Dear Sirs, Your inquiry of Sept.10 has received our attention, and thank you for your interest in our leather
shoes and handbags.A copy of our illustrated export catalogue will be sent to you today.All the goods we supply are made from leather of the very best quality.The bright colors and elegant designs together with the super workmanship can meet the requirement of a fashion trade such as yours.A representative of our company is now in Hong Kong.He will be pleased to call on you next week with a full range of samples of our hand-made lines.He is authorized to discuss the terms of order with you or negotiate a contract.We shall be most grateful if you will give him the benefit of your advice and assistance.Your truly, Dear Sirs, We have carefully studies your letter of Dec.14.As our two firms have done business with each other for so many years, we should like to grant your request to lower the prices of our underwear.But there are difficulties.Our cost of raw materials has risen sharply in the past three months and to reduce prices by 5% you mentioned could not be done without considerably lowering our standards of quality.This is something we are not prepared to do.Instead of 5% reduction on underwear, we suggest a reduction of 3% on all lines.On orders of this size we would manage to make the reduction without lowering our standards.We hope you will agree to our counter-suggestion and we look forward to receiving orders from you as in the past.Yours truly, Shipping instructions Gentlemen, We are in receipt of your telegram of May 6, from which we understand that you have booked our order for 2 000 dozens of shirts.In reply, we have the pleasure of informing you that the confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit No.7634, amounting to $ 17 000, has been opened this morning through the Commercial Bank, Tokyo.Upon receipt of the same, please arrange shipment of the goods booked by us with the least possible delay.We are informed that s.s.“Wuxi” is scheduled to sail from your city to our port on May 28.We wish that the shipment will be carried by that steamer.Should this trial order prove satisfactory to our customers, we can assure you that repeat orders in increased quantities will be placed.Your close cooperation in this respect will be highly appreciated.In the meantime we look forward to your ship advice.Yours sincerely,Dear Sirs, We are writing to you at the suggestion of our Commercial counselor’s Office of the Embassy in your country.We take the liberty to introduce ourselves as exporters of silk piece goods, which we have been exporting to Europe and Japan.We are specialized in the above business and recall that many years ago, considerable business was done with your country on such items.Now that the diplomatic relation between our two countries has been established, we are desirous of establishing direct business relations with your corporation, knowing that you are the buyer of silk piece goods.We shall be grateful if you will let us know whether you are interested in the above items.If so,please inform us of the quality required.Yours faithfully
Dear Sirs, We hae received with thanks your letter dated March 17, 2006 and wish to extend you our warm welcome for your desire to establish business contact with us.We are a state-operated enterprise, and wish to carry on trade with manufactures and merchants of all countries on the basis of quality and mutual benefit for the development of commercial relations with people of different nations.In compliance with your request, we are enclosing herewith our catalog and a range of pamphlets for your guidance.If you find any of the articles illustrated in the pamphlets of interest, please let us have your specific enquiries so as to enable us to send you our quotations.Yours faithfully,August 15, 2006 Vemeer Manufacturing Company P.O.Box 200/3840 New Sharon Road Pella, Iowa 50129 U.S.A Gentlemen, From the samples sent us on June 5, we have made selections, and have the pleasure of handing you the following order, which we commend to your immediate and best attention, viz:
500 chests of Ceylon Black Tea,500 sacks of Brazilian Coffee, not ground.Kindly forward these by fast freight, Enclosed please find a draft as per price list you sent us.Yours truly,F(xiàn).McFARLAND & Co.(signature)President Dear Sirs, From your letters of April 2 we note that you wish to have a change in payment terms.We regret that we cannot accept your proposal because our usual terms of payment by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit remain unchanged in all ordinary cases.For future shipment, however, we shall do our best to fulfill your orders within the time we agreed.We trust you will appreciate our cooperation.Yours sincerely,Dear Mr.Johnson, Would you please quote for delivery and installation of new furniture for the refectory and office of our company? 1.The refectory area is approximately 30mX20m and we require six dining tables, each with four chairs from your No.4 range, and twelve “Junior Executive” chairs.2.Would you please quote price inclusive of transportation and insurance, and informs us when
delivery will take place? We look forward to receiving quotation soon, as we shall need to make a final decision in the matter before the end of this financial year.Yours sincerely,Purchasing Department Manger 答復(fù)函
Dear Mr.Holmes, “Export Guides for Asia” is being mailed to you today with our compliments.If you need additional copies, just let me know.You’ll see in the circular enclosed that International Air Cargo also has available export guides to other areas.If you have to use any of the guides listed, just drop me a note and I’ll send them.Please be assured, Mr.Holmes, that if there is any way that International Air Cargo can assist you with your exporting problems, we’d be delighted to hear from you.Thank you for your writing.Yours sincerely, 答復(fù)函 Dear sirs, We are delighted at the receipt of your letter of 7th April and note what you write.We note with pleasure that you are sending us samples of imitation Fancy Earl Necklaces and Earrings, on receipt of which we shall examine same along with the price-list you have furnished us with, and if your designs are quite acceptable to our clents and prices competitive, we shall immediately pass on our orders.We have also received Price-list of Toys and Pens, but we would say that we should like to have some latest designs, which have not yet come to our market, and if you can furnish us with such items, we shall be obliged if you will kindly let us have a couple of samples of these, as our clients would like to see samples before placing their orders.You can rest assured that we shall do our best to pass on our orders.Yours faithfully,Martin Thomas
President of California Trading Company 拒絕函 Dear Sirs: We are informed in your letter of October 22 that our price for the above article is too high, since Japanese goods are being offered to you at a price approximately 10% lower than that quoted by us.Although we do not doubt about what you say, we are of the opinion that the quality of other makes does not measure up to that of our products.Desirous as we are to expand our business with you, we feel very regretful that we cannot accept your counteroffer or even meet your half-way.The best we can do is to make a reduction of 2% in our previous quotation.We hope you will direct the attention of your users to the superior quality of our products.We hope to hear from you soon.Yours truly
第四篇:探討商業(yè)廣告相關(guān)的翻譯策略
探討商業(yè)廣告相關(guān)的翻譯策略
摘要:成功翻譯的商業(yè)廣告對企業(yè)開拓國際市場、創(chuàng)造財富發(fā)揮著不可忽視的作用。從語音、措詞、句型與修辭等方面分析中英廣告的語言風(fēng)格差異,并從了解西方國家的禁忌,文化因素的變通和處理,注重創(chuàng)新翻譯等3個角度探討了相關(guān)的翻譯策略。
隨著世界經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展,全球經(jīng)濟一體化的趨勢日益明顯,國際間的貿(mào)易愈加頻繁,跨國公司的數(shù)量與日俱增。為了開拓國際市場,各跨國企業(yè)競相推銷自己的產(chǎn)品。作為跨國企業(yè)與目標(biāo)市場的直接對話橋梁———廣告,則被大量廣泛地使用。廣告的質(zhì)量優(yōu)劣,直接關(guān)系到企業(yè)的國際化形象。成功的商業(yè)廣告能幫助企業(yè)銷售產(chǎn)品,而成功的廣告翻譯更有利于企業(yè)沖出國門、聞名世界。廣告翻譯的目的是將一國的產(chǎn)品推銷給生長在另一種文化中的消費者,使后者接受前者[1]。既然廣告的目的是推銷,其本質(zhì)就是商業(yè)性。廣告所體現(xiàn)的語言風(fēng)格深深扎根于本土文化之中,是一定社會文化的產(chǎn)物。廣告翻譯并非簡單地把句子翻譯出來,它涉及了豐富的語言文化知識。一個翻譯得體的廣告既要保留原文的精華,又要把句子中所承載的企業(yè)思想與產(chǎn)品概念傳遞給目標(biāo)消費者。但是,由于世界各國在地理位置、宗教信仰、價值取向以及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平等方面不盡相同,人們的思維方式、價值觀、審美情趣和消費觀念也必然存在著一定差異,并直接體現(xiàn)在語言表達(dá)方式的差異上。中英廣告語言風(fēng)格的差異
廣告語言是廣告的核心內(nèi)容,它作為一種功能性語言,其主要目的是刺激消費。因此“廣告語言通常具有注目價值(attention value),記憶價值(memory value),表達(dá)功能(expressive function),引導(dǎo)功能(directive function)和美學(xué)功能(aesthetic function)。”[2]廣告語言不只是單純的商業(yè)性,而是匯集文學(xué)、美學(xué)、心理學(xué)、市場營銷學(xué)和消費行為學(xué)等學(xué)科為一體的鼓動性藝術(shù)語言(loaded artistic language)[3]。為了取得最佳的訴求效果,廣告語言必須具有較強的藝術(shù)美感。為適應(yīng)當(dāng)代文化語境,廣告語言成為產(chǎn)品的包裝手段,塑造了具有極大附加值的產(chǎn)品形象。它通過制造審美幻像,不僅給人帶來精神上的愉悅,“消除”受眾的困頓勞累,獲得現(xiàn)實矛盾的象征性解決,而且刺激了受眾的消費興趣,引導(dǎo)著受眾的消費時尚,連其自身也成為受眾語言消費的對象。中英廣告語言風(fēng)格的差異主要體現(xiàn)在以下4個方面。1.1 語音差異。中英語言的發(fā)音極不相同,同樣的一句話能引起不同的聽覺效果,激起不同的心理反應(yīng)。一句念起來朗朗上口的英文廣告詞在直譯成中文后不一定能帶給中國消費者同樣的效果。而一句平平仄仄的中文廣告語在翻譯成英文后也常變了味道。“可口可樂”商標(biāo)的翻譯就是一個典范。1920年,“Cocacola”開始進入中國市場,被譯為“蝌蚪啃蠟”。可想而知,起這樣一個怪名字的飲料吸引不了多少消費者。直到1979年,“Cocacola”再次重返中國內(nèi)地市場時,中文譯名改為“可口可樂”,才從此打開了中國市場。“可口可樂”既保持了原詞的音節(jié)和響亮,又使人一聽便知是飲料商標(biāo)。這就把原本沒有什么含義的商標(biāo)翻譯得有聲有色,令人回味無窮,譯名的效果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了原名。又如“海爾”公司的英文商標(biāo)“Haier”與“海爾”的中文拼音寫法一樣,而且“Haier”的發(fā)音還與英文單詞“higher”(更高)的發(fā)音相同,意在表達(dá)“海爾”的產(chǎn)品將會在歐洲等海外市場取得越來越好的成績。這也為海爾在海外的發(fā)展邁出成功的第一步。許多公司在剛開展海外市場時傾向于盡量使用這種保留原文發(fā)音的音意相結(jié)合翻譯法。
1.2 措詞差異。“中國廣告語幅較長(high context),注重解說詞等聲音造型,表意性強,往往通過營造一種美好的氣氛使觀眾對其產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生某種直覺或好感,講究的是以情動人,比較側(cè)重感性認(rèn)識。”[4]我國大多廣告語的特點是注重以傳統(tǒng)美德為基礎(chǔ)并結(jié)合時代精神,樹立正面的形象。在表現(xiàn)形式上,國內(nèi)廣告語遣詞用句大都嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、工整,且喜歡用詩句。詞語是語言的基本單位,中式廣告語言中詞語的運用主要表現(xiàn)在詞語的意義上。常見的一詞多義現(xiàn)象為詞語的巧妙運用提供了基礎(chǔ)條件。常用義與非常用義,字面義與原義的混合使用,巧妙搭配,使廣告出語驚人,妙趣橫生,給人新穎奇特之感。心理學(xué)認(rèn)為新奇感會吸引人的注意力,從而激發(fā)興趣,增強記憶。漢語廣告常用的措詞方法有[5]:①一詞多義。廣告創(chuàng)作常常使一個詞語表現(xiàn)出兩個以上的意義,以人們對詞語常用義的熟悉為前提,利用人們的心理定勢,一開始只理解詞語的常用義,同時又出人意料地表現(xiàn)出另一層意義,從而使廣告語出語驚人,幽默風(fēng)趣,增強了廣告的感染力,便于人們記憶。例如:“阿里山瓜子,一嗑就開心。”(阿里山瓜子廣告)———“開心”既表示瓜子很容易嗑開,又表示心情愉快;“40年風(fēng)塵歲月,中華在我心中。”(中華牙膏廣告)———把中華這個品牌與中華民族巧妙地聯(lián)系起來,既宣傳了產(chǎn)品,又使人們從內(nèi)心深處產(chǎn)生一種強烈的愛國之情,蘊含了豐富深刻的文化內(nèi)涵。②曲解詞義。有些詞語的字面形式與產(chǎn)品的特點有著密切的聯(lián)系,因此某些中式廣告利用其字面義,有意曲解詞義產(chǎn)生新義。這種方法一方面把產(chǎn)品特點一目了然地表達(dá)出來,另一方面由字面義曲解出新義,推陳出新,給人在心理上造成新奇之感,進而加深印象[6]。
例如:“人人愛戴”(首飾廣告)———“愛戴”作為一個詞指敬愛并且擁護,但在該廣告中被故意分割成兩部分,意為喜歡佩戴。英語廣告通常比較客觀,廣告語精短,強調(diào)語言的精準(zhǔn)、概括以及畫面造型語言的推理和聯(lián)想,因而理性的成分居多,整個廣告多以一段有所寓意的畫面作鋪墊,最后給出畫龍點睛般的廣告語。英國廣告語的特點則注重直接宣傳企業(yè)與產(chǎn)品。在用詞方面,英語廣告可以說是兼收并蓄,不拘一格,絢麗多姿。在許多情況下,廣告為產(chǎn)生一種幽默與詼諧的效果,故意使用一些不正式的語言。許多廣告使用了大量的俚語和非正式詞匯,使廣告顯得通俗活潑,給人留下深刻的印象。例如:“Keep the frog out of your throat.”這是一篇咽喉片廣告中的最后一句話,廣告策劃者故意用這樣一個非正式的短語取得一種幽默的效果。在某外衣的廣告“Pitythe pickpocket.”(可憐那些三只手吧)中,突出了服裝的特色,衣袋設(shè)計的不同凡響,甚至可以防盜。其中“pickpocket”就屬于口語體,相當(dāng)于漢語中的“三只手”或“扒手”。如將其換成“thief”(賊),效果就不如“pickpocket”生動有趣。
1.3 句型差異。漢語廣告簡短,采用精練句式,便于記憶。心理學(xué)研究成果表明,減少記憶性材料的數(shù)量可以增加記憶的深度,因此簡明的廣告內(nèi)容會比復(fù)雜的記憶效果好[6]。漢語廣告常用的句型有:①廣泛采用短句,復(fù)句多為一重復(fù)句。例如:“味道好極了!”(雀巢咖啡廣告);“東方,東方的風(fēng)格,東方的情調(diào)。”(上海東方家具廠廣告)②多用省略句。例如:“任勞任怨,只要還剩一口氣。”(輪胎廣告);“少一份噪聲,多一份寧靜。”(雙鹿冰箱廣告)③多用整句,整句即結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似的一組句子。例如:“來自深山,穿過密林,帶著涼爽,飄來幽香,送來愉快。”(盛夏礦泉水廣告);“是獻(xiàn)給妻子的一份體貼,是回報母親 的一顆孝心,是贈送朋友的一種禮物,是帶給家庭的一片溫馨。”(洗衣粉廣告)英語廣告在表現(xiàn)形式上多趨向不拘一格的自由體。英語廣告的句型也多種多樣,最常用的句型有以下幾類:①祈使句。祈使句在廣告中的出現(xiàn)頻率也較大。廣告的最終目的就是鼓動、勸說人們?nèi)ベ徺I特定的商品。祈使句的恰當(dāng)使用可以很好地達(dá)到廣告的引導(dǎo)功能。例如:“Askany one who owns one.”———詢問一下有這種車的人吧。(汽車廣告);“Lay down your arms.”———放下您的胳膊吧。(桌子廣告)②一般疑問句。英語廣告中平均30句話便有一個疑問句,疑問句的使用縮短了廣告與讀者的距離,因為疑問句通常需要對方作出反應(yīng),似乎甲乙雙方在交流。
有的疑問句不是真正發(fā)出疑問,不需要回答。這種疑問句增加了渲染力度,加強語勢,啟發(fā)讀者思考,突出主題,吸引讀者的注意力。這些也正是廣告的初衷所在。例如:“Canyou tell cheese from real cheese?”———您能把普通奶酪與真正的奶酪分開嗎?“Why smoke if you don’t enjoy it?”———如果您不喜歡,又為什么要抽呢?“The Seiko Ladies QuartzPretty, isn’t she?”———精工牌女士石英表,瀟灑漂亮,不是嗎?③比較級。由于英語廣告中有大量的形容詞和副詞做修飾語,比較級在廣告中廣為運用。例如:“These dayssucceeding in business means getting more competitive and makingtougher decisions”“;In short, the stronger your character, thebrighter your future.”④直接引語。英語廣告中直接引語出現(xiàn)得很多,因為直接引語能使廣告顯得形式活潑、新穎,從心理學(xué)的角度看可以增強說服力。例如:“It’s like we’re allin the same office.The office just happens to spread across 7000miles of ocean.”———Tom Hughes MIS Director, Construction.這是IBM公司一則廣告的開頭語,通過該公司經(jīng)理的原話,使廣告顯得生動具體。
1.4 修辭差異。漢語廣告習(xí)慣使用大量的修飾語,偏好華麗的詞匯,并有意識地重復(fù)使用某些語句加深受眾印象,增強表達(dá)效果的修辭手段。常用的修辭手法有:①連續(xù)反復(fù)。廣告語中的連續(xù)反復(fù)多是商品品牌名稱的重復(fù),這是由廣告的目的和人們的記憶特點所決定。廣告的目的就是刺激消費者去消費廣告中的那種商品,而廣告刻意突出反復(fù)商品的品牌名稱,可以增強人們對這種商品的印象,達(dá)到宣傳目的。[7]例如:“豐華豐華,筆中精華。”(豐華筆廣告);“盾牌,盾牌,可靠的盾牌。”(盾牌頭盔廣告)②間隔反復(fù)。最常見的是同一個語言單位的重復(fù)。既有反復(fù),又有變化,在重復(fù)中增添新的信息,消除人的厭煩情緒和抗拒心理,發(fā)揮記憶功能[7]。例如:“中國人的生活,中國人的美菱。”(美菱冰箱廣告);“留下山留下水,留下青春留下美。”(照相機廣告);“在特別的日子,把特別的愛,給特別的您。”(輕騎摩托車公司廣告)③引用。中國五千多年的悠久文化造就了無數(shù)優(yōu)秀的成語、俗語和詩文名句,而這些是中國人在日常生活學(xué)習(xí)中所熟知的。廣告語中使用這些熟語使人們直接跨越記憶過程中的識記階段,喚起頭腦中已存在的對于成語、俗語的記憶,并把此記憶的印跡作為表象在腦海中重新呈現(xiàn)出來,這樣對加深人們的記憶,增強廣告語的感染力起著很大的作用[9]。例如:出自魏曹操《短歌行》的詩文名句———“慨當(dāng)以慷,憂思難忘。何以解憂,唯有杜康。”(杜康酒廣告);成語———“一毛不拔”(牙刷廣告);俗語———“天有不測風(fēng)云,人有旦夕禍福。”(中國人民保險公司廣告)
英語廣告則忌濫用修飾語,由于其語言本論文由無憂論文網(wǎng)www.tmdps.cn整理提供本身的特性,同一個詞組或句式,過度重復(fù)會適得其反。如果將漢語廣告中過多的修飾詞直譯成英語,會給人一種虛假的感覺,導(dǎo)致情感傳遞的障礙,不能達(dá)到原有廣告的功效。所以翻譯時不能機械地直接對應(yīng),而應(yīng)從英語的文化習(xí)慣和可接受性出發(fā),或改譯,或省略,以保持譯文地道自然、平實無華的風(fēng)格。例如:“Selected materials, fine workmanship, mod-ern designs, reasonable price, various specifications.Orders wel-come.”———用料上乘,做工精細(xì),款式新穎,價格合理,規(guī)格齊全,歡迎選購[1]。上述譯文既保留了原義,又簡潔流暢有節(jié)奏,符合中國人的審美習(xí)慣。為了使廣告語言具有強烈的說服力給人們留下深刻的印象,使之能刺激受眾的消費欲望,打動受眾去購買和使用產(chǎn)品,許多英語廣告并不單純是靠大量使用修飾語,而是靠運用各種修辭手法,以為數(shù)不多但精練獨到的語言給人們留下深刻的印象。常用的修辭手法有[10]:①排比(parallelism)。“The Milk Chocolate melts in yourmouth, not in your hand.”(牛奶巧克力:只溶在口,不溶在手。)②重復(fù)(repetition)。“Extra Taste.Not Extra Calories.”暗示該產(chǎn)品有額外的口味,卻無額外的熱量,不會使人發(fā)胖。通過重復(fù)“extra”,使該食品更具誘惑力,從而使消費者不再猶豫。③仿擬(parody)。“A Mars a day keeps you work, restand play.”(火星巧克力,生活原動力。)巧妙仿擬“An apple aday keeps the doctor away.”(一天一蘋果,醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。),在消費者心中產(chǎn)生強烈的共鳴和奇妙的聯(lián)想,激起他們購買的欲望。④明喻(simile)。“Light as a breeze, soft as acloud.”用明喻的形式描述了衣服質(zhì)地的輕柔以及穿上之后舒適飄逸的感覺,讓人躍躍欲試!⑤暗喻(metaphor)。“Soft, enchanting, smiling color, that’s the gift of Focus to yourhair.”把使用發(fā)油后發(fā)質(zhì)柔軟、顏色可人的效果說成是發(fā)油贈送的禮物,使該產(chǎn)品更具魅力和人情味。⑥擬人(per-sonification)。“Unlike me, my Rolex never needs a rest.”用擬人的手法把Rolex表人格化,從其不需休息這一點暗指該表走時準(zhǔn)確,勁力十足,其質(zhì)量值得消費者信賴。⑦夸張(hyperbole)。“We have hidden a garde n full of vegetables whereyou’d never expect in a pie.”(在您意想不到的一個地方,我們珍藏了滿園的蔬菜,那是在一個小小的餡餅里。)⑧反襯(contrast)。“Othello is a game that takes only a minute to learnbut a lifetime to master.”(奧賽羅電子游戲:一分鐘入門,一輩子玩味。)原文通過“a minute”和“a lifetime”的反襯,突出該電子游戲容易上手又經(jīng)得起琢磨的特性。中英廣告互譯策略
通過對中英廣告語言風(fēng)格差異的分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)廣告翻譯不僅是簡單的語言翻譯,也是一種文化翻譯。成功的廣告翻譯需要譯者認(rèn)真研究相關(guān)的翻譯策略。2.1 了解西方國家的禁忌。任何國家、民族都存在許多這樣那樣的忌諱,如英國人不喜歡大象,信奉伊斯蘭教的國家忌用豬、狗作廣告,西方人多喜愛白色,厭惡紅色等等。各種禁忌無奇不有,這在民俗學(xué)中是一種專門的學(xué)問。對于千百年來形成的文化風(fēng)俗和傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣,我們應(yīng)給予必要的尊重。例如:“白翎”不能直譯成“white feather”,因為英語習(xí)語“to show the white feather”表示臨陣脫逃、軟弱無能;“白象”不能直譯成“white elephant”,該詞在英語中意味著“clumsy”或“awkward”。在語義上,由于中西方在風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、文化傳統(tǒng)、禮儀等方面的不同,導(dǎo)致許多詞語在中西兩種文化中有著不同的文化內(nèi)涵。缺乏對這些詞語所傳遞的文化含義的理解而進行誤用或濫用,會造成交際和翻譯中的失誤。在廣告翻譯中,一定要注意避開容易產(chǎn)生歧義和不愉快的聯(lián)想意義的詞語,以免引起負(fù)面的情感反映。例如:“黑人”牙膏,曾被譯為“Darkie”,而“Darkie”在英文中是對黑人的蔑稱,正好涉及種族歧視這一敏感問題。“藕粉”不能直譯成“l(fā)otus root starch”,“starch”(淀粉)會讓外國人擔(dān)心產(chǎn)品會導(dǎo)致肥胖,改譯為“l(fā)otus root powder”更容易讓人接受。因此,譯者應(yīng)對譯入語國家的歷史、政治有一定了解,避免使用有特殊含義、容易引起負(fù)面聯(lián)想的詞語。
2.2 文化因素的變通和處理。由于原有的語言在新的環(huán)境中失效,翻譯并不是一味追求與原文意義最高程度的吻合。在中英廣告翻譯中,譯者面對著兩種截然不同的表達(dá)方式,譯文只要符合受眾國消費者的語言文化和習(xí)俗,就是合適的翻譯。原文的文字可以舍去不用,但應(yīng)盡量產(chǎn)生對應(yīng)的形象效果,達(dá)到同樣的銷售目的。實際上,廣告翻譯的靈活性很強,留給譯者發(fā)揮的空間很大。譯者只要熟知譯入語國家的文化習(xí)俗,充分挖掘產(chǎn)品的特征并盡可能地去尋找最貼近當(dāng)?shù)匚幕谋磉_(dá)法即可。例如,中國人認(rèn)為紅色代表喜慶,常在商標(biāo)或廣告語中使用“紅色”,而西方人大多不喜歡紅色,因為“red”是危險、暴力和流血的標(biāo)志。因此,“紅星”牌電風(fēng)扇就可被巧妙地譯為“Bright StarElectric Fan”或“Shining Star Electric Fan”,效果自然比從原文直譯的“Red Star Electric Fan”要好。又如,中國人熟悉的“蚊子殺!殺!殺!”廣告語中的“殺”字,若直譯成英文“kill”很不文雅,而譯文“Mosquito bye bye bye!”顯得更地道、更符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。再如,“芳芳”牌口紅若直譯成“Fangfang”讓英語讀者聯(lián)想到毒蛇的牙齒并興致全無,用“Aroma”或“Fragrance”進行變通則可以避免尷尬。
2.3 注重創(chuàng)新翻譯。廣告本身就極具豐富的想象力和極大的創(chuàng)造力,翻譯也絕非只是一一對應(yīng)的文字轉(zhuǎn)換,而是在保持原文含義的基礎(chǔ)上進行的二次改造。“實達(dá)”電腦與“瑞星”殺毒軟件分別被巧妙地通過音意相結(jié)合譯為“Star”與“Rising”,既保留了原文的發(fā)音,譯名又新穎生動,表示該產(chǎn)品將成為同行業(yè)中的一顆新星。如果采用原音直譯,或諧音取義,都無法傳神地體現(xiàn)出商品的特色和與眾不同。在這種情況下,譯者就應(yīng)該果斷地放棄原來的廣告詞,另辟蹊徑,融合受眾國的文化,大膽創(chuàng)新,賦予商品美好的聯(lián)想意義,才能讓商品迅速進駐另一個市場,吸引更多的消費者。又如“,昂立一號”在英譯時就拋開原來的發(fā)音,經(jīng)過再創(chuàng)造變?yōu)椤癘nly one”這個商標(biāo),一進入國際市場,就取得良好的銷售業(yè)績,其品牌知名度大大提升。創(chuàng)新,是使新產(chǎn)品快速深入人心的必勝法寶。商品是國際化的,而廣告是本土化的。由于英漢語言的差異,原文為達(dá)到新奇獨特目的而采用的修辭手法可能在翻譯過程中無法保留,譯者只能進行合理的變通甚至運用其他修辭手法加以轉(zhuǎn)譯,尤其是雙關(guān)語,大多只能通過其他手法來別具一格地翻譯。例如,某家海濱旅館為吸引前來度假的年輕情侶的“Twogether”廣告,取“together”的諧音,譯為“雙宿雙棲”可重點突出“two”,套用韓劇片名譯為“浪漫滿屋”則更具時代氣息,別有風(fēng)味。又如,某服裝店的“We have coats for every wear, every-where.”運用“every wear”與“everywhere”的諧音進行重復(fù)強調(diào)加深讀者印象,漢譯成四字結(jié)構(gòu)“天下衣倉”、“衣行天下”或“隨心所欲,隨時隨地”顯得朗朗上口,通俗易記。其他修辭手法則比較容易在譯文中得以再現(xiàn),例如,某啤酒廣告語“too good to forget”看似平淡而又極為夸張地給人以“永難忘懷”的印象,可以再用夸張的手法譯為“一口鐘情”、“一醉千年”或“欲罷不能”,也可套用雪津啤酒的廣告詞“真情的味道”。某女裝品牌“XS”的漢語拼音讀法接近“西施”,其廣告語“穿上XS,西施就是你!”也可運用隱喻譯為“You are a beauty in XS!”。學(xué)生街某餐館的押韻廣告語“有酒有菜,紅顏自己帶”也可運用再現(xiàn)押韻的手法譯成“come for dinner, with your lover”。結(jié)束語
作為企業(yè)首選的營銷策略,廣告在中西文化巨大差異的背景下,經(jīng)常面臨著文化沖突的問題。中英廣告的互譯中有許多不理想的實例,有的甚至導(dǎo)致了銷售挫折。追溯廣告翻譯誤差的根源,主要是由于譯者沒有足夠的語言文化駕馭能力,一味拘泥于原文表面意義。文化之間的差異反映到承載文化的語言上,若未經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚?就會造成跨文化交際中的障礙。本論文由無憂論文網(wǎng)www.tmdps.cn整理提供中國的經(jīng)濟不斷騰飛,已有不少企業(yè)在國際中享有盛名。這些中國品牌能夠擁有國際知名度,得到海外消費者的認(rèn)可,和企業(yè)在當(dāng)?shù)剡M行的一系列本土化營銷策略有關(guān),其中廣告翻譯必定起著關(guān)鍵的因素。廣告是民族文化與語言文字的統(tǒng)一體,廣告翻譯是語言翻譯和文化翻譯的結(jié)合體。準(zhǔn)確的廣告翻譯除了遵循語言的翻譯原則和規(guī)律外,還必須注重研究與兩種語言相關(guān)的文化。只有跨越了語言文化障礙得體地處理跨文化交際中的語言文化因素運用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g策略與技巧,才能譯出符合消費者審美情趣和心理需求的廣告語,才能使企業(yè)品牌從多個方面拉近與外國消費者的距離,潛移默化地加深當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ζ放频恼J(rèn)可,從而取得成功。
參考文獻(xiàn): [1] 徐莉林.從中英文廣告的差異看廣告翻譯[J].內(nèi)蒙古社會科學(xué),2005(4):84.[2] 趙靜.廣告英語[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,1992:159.[3] 譚衛(wèi)國.中西文化與廣告語言[J].上海師范大學(xué)學(xué)報:社會科學(xué)版,2003(2):108-109.[4] 王紫娟.廣告語言與大眾心理[J].上海外國語大學(xué)學(xué)報:社會科學(xué)版,1995(4):74.[5] 林樂滕.廣告語言[M].濟南:山東教育出版社,1992:42.[6] 朱清陽.廣告金句[M].長春:吉林科技出版社,1993:49.[8] 劉雪春.反復(fù)在廣告語中的創(chuàng)新[J].漢語學(xué)習(xí),1998(4):26.[9] 倪寶元.修辭手法與廣告語言[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,2001:105.[10]吳希平.英語廣告修辭種種[J].中國翻譯,1997(5):27.
第五篇:商業(yè)廣告中押韻、反復(fù)修辭及其翻譯
四川烹飪高等專科學(xué)校
畢 業(yè) 論 文
題目: 商業(yè)廣告中押韻、反復(fù)修辭及其翻譯
系 部 外語系 專業(yè)名稱 商務(wù)英語 班 級 03級2班 姓 名 楊思亮 學(xué) 號 03040204 指導(dǎo)教師 鄭 賢 貴
2006年 6 月 4 日
i
目 錄
一、引言.................................................................1
二、押韻.................................................................1
三、反復(fù).................................................................2
四、翻譯對策.............................................................2
(一)直譯法(Literal Translation)....................................3
(二)使用四字格語...................................................3
(三)彌補法.........................................................4
(四)套譯法.........................................................4
(五)意譯法(Meaning Implication)...................................5
(六)增譯法.........................................................5
五、結(jié)語.................................................................6 致謝.....................................................................6 參考文獻(xiàn).................................................................6
ii
商業(yè)廣告中押韻、反復(fù)修辭及其翻譯(三號黑體)
摘要:(小四黑體)廣告的說服力在某種程度上取決于語言的運用是否得當(dāng)。押韻使得廣告節(jié)奏鮮明、抑揚頓挫、格調(diào)優(yōu)美、容易記憶,使消費者過目不忘,刺激其購買欲望,使廣告達(dá)到形式與內(nèi)涵、視覺美與聽覺美的統(tǒng)一,增強了廣告的感染力。反復(fù)修辭能使廣告形象生動,風(fēng)趣幽默,給所宣傳的商品增添魅力,在廣告語中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。廣告商借以激起消費者的購買欲望,促使其前去購買,實現(xiàn)商業(yè)目的。對于押韻、反復(fù)修辭的翻譯,必須從具體情況出發(fā),根據(jù)具體的語言環(huán)境采用不同的翻譯對策。(小四宋體)
關(guān)鍵詞:(小四黑體)押韻;反復(fù);翻譯(小四宋體)
iii
Rhyme and Repetition in Advertising English and Translation Approaches(三號 Times New Roman)
Abstract:(四號Times New Roman)Rhyme is the most important and widely used method in English Advertising.It makes advertising sound good and easy to remember.Customers can remember it at a glance and have the desire to purchase it.Rhyme makes advertising perfect in form and connotation , seeing and hearing.Repetition can make the image of the advertisement vivid, charm and humor, so as to increase charm force to the commodity propagated.Thus, it is widely adopted in all kinds of advertisements to achieve the best communicative purpose and to arouse the customers' emotional appeal and provoke certain purchasing action.For the translation of rhyme and repetition, we should take different translation approaches according to different contexts.(小四 Times New Roman)
Keywords:(四號Times New Roman)rhyme;repetition;translation(小四
Times New Roman)
商業(yè)廣告中押韻、反復(fù)修辭及其翻譯
一、引言
隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,廣告已深入到了社會的各個角落,成為人們生活中不可缺少的一部分。它在促進銷售、繁榮經(jīng)濟等方面起到了不可估量的作用。而廣告語言也以其獨特的魅力越來越受到人們的青睞。廣告英語是激烈的競爭以及設(shè)計者的獨具匠心、精雕細(xì)琢的產(chǎn)物,它除了詞語的運用、句型的謀劃巧妙精細(xì)之外,在修辭的運用上也頗為講究,從而產(chǎn)生了新穎別致、形象生動、引人注目的效果。為此,廣告撰稿人通常要調(diào)動一切修辭手段來渲染氣氛、烘托主題,大有“ 語不驚人死不休”之勢。英語廣告中的修辭手段相當(dāng)豐富,本文著重討論其中的押韻、反復(fù)修辭,與大家共商。
二、押韻
押韻(Rhyme)修辭是英文廣告中最重要、運用最多的修辭手段。常用的主要是 Alliteration(頭韻)和 End Rhyme(尾韻),頭韻指相同的詞首輔音在一組詞、一句話或一行詩中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。尾韻指相同的詞尾輔音在一組詞、一句話或一行詩中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。押韻在廣告英語中非常普遍,其主要作用有:
1)押韻使得廣告節(jié)奏鮮明、抑揚頓挫、格調(diào)優(yōu)美、容易記憶,從而達(dá)到使消費者過目不忘的效果,刺激其購買欲望。如:
My Goodness!My Guinness!
這是吉尼斯黑啤酒廣告用語。這則啤酒廣告中,Goodness 與 Guinness 的頭、尾韻相同,能產(chǎn)生音樂效果,讀起來朗朗上口,便于記憶。能生動地刻畫出人們飲用此啤酒時贊不絕口的情景,易激發(fā)消費者的購買欲望。
2)押韻使廣告達(dá)到了形式與內(nèi)涵、視覺美與聽覺美的統(tǒng)一,增強了廣告的感染力。如:
Clear it up.Don 't cover it up.(清除它,別掩蓋它)
這是一則 Jergens Bars(潔根凈香皂)的廣告。it 是指面部皮膚的粉刺、面瘡等,與其用化妝粉末掩蓋面部瑕疵,不如用“ 潔根凈”香皂來徹底根除。句中,以/k起/首押頭韻,以p/收/尾押尾韻,頭韻與尾韻相映成趣。廣告英語運用押韻修辭技巧,使其音樂節(jié)奏性、和諧性均得到充分的發(fā)揮和表現(xiàn)。這樣,廣告讀起來上口,給人以喜悅,因而對其介紹的產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生興趣,從而激發(fā)消費者的購買欲。
三、反復(fù)
反復(fù)就是通過重復(fù)同一單詞、詞組或語句使人加深印象,重復(fù)部分往往含有強烈的情感或優(yōu)美的旋律。一般來說廣告英語力求簡潔、避免重復(fù),對某一詞、詞組、句法結(jié)構(gòu)、概念等漫不經(jīng)心的重復(fù)會使語言顯得更累贅、單調(diào)。然而,有時為了強調(diào)某個意思,突出某種情感,可以特意安排重復(fù),這是一種常用的修辭手段,通過對重點詞、重要概念的多次重復(fù)可以引起消費者的注意以留下較深的印象,并可以達(dá)到某種特殊的效果。恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\用反復(fù)可以加強語勢和強化旋律,以抒發(fā)強烈的感情,有力地表現(xiàn)情感,增強語言節(jié)奏感。使廣告看來醒目,聽來悅耳,讀來上口,使消費者過目不忘,進而琢磨回味。從而達(dá)到向讀者“ 滲透”廣告內(nèi)容,誘發(fā)消費者的喜愛與興趣的目的,在心里產(chǎn)生一種“ 認(rèn)可預(yù)購”的心理傾向,最終達(dá)到提高產(chǎn)品知名度、增加銷售的目的。如:
Extra Taste.Not Extra Calories.滋味無窮,熱量正好。(食品)Childhood isn't childhood without it.沒有它就沒有童年。(蠟筆)Extra 和 Childhood 就是一種重復(fù)。Extra 向消費者說明其食品好吃,而且不使人發(fā)胖。在如今講究健康的時代里,此食品顯然對大眾具有吸引力。豐富多彩的 Childhood,是每一位孩子的渴望,尤其是對現(xiàn)在獨生子女來說。這種重復(fù)具有一定的誘惑力,對于處于猶豫不決狀態(tài)的消費者來說,無疑就像在其背后猛擊一掌,促其下決心購買。
四、翻譯對策
翻譯要求譯文和原文最貼切、最自然的對等方式,翻譯恰當(dāng)與否應(yīng)以譯文服務(wù)對象作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。如果譯文的讀者對譯文所做出的反應(yīng)與原文讀者對原文所做出的反應(yīng)基
本一致,那么便可認(rèn)為翻譯是成功的。廣告翻譯應(yīng)以功能對等為準(zhǔn)則,譯文與原文有相似的宣傳效果、信息傳遞功能和移情感召功能。要使廣告翻譯做到功能對等,翻譯時就必須了解原文中的詞法、句法及修辭等特色,并在譯文中有效地再現(xiàn)它們。翻譯者應(yīng)分析其相同點與不同點,在譯文中,應(yīng)盡可能采用相同或相似的修辭手段。對于廣告英語中的押韻、反復(fù)修辭,可采用以下翻譯方法達(dá)到功能上的對等。
(一)直譯法(Literal Translation)所謂直譯,即指在不違背譯文語言規(guī)范以及不引起錯誤聯(lián)想的前提下,在譯文中既保留原文內(nèi)容又保留原文形式,特別要保持原文比喻、形象和民族地方色彩等。直譯既可傳達(dá)原文的意義,最大限度地獲得與原文同等的廣告效果,又可保持原文修辭的生動性,豐富譯文的語言表達(dá)能力。
①Good teeth,Good health.這是 Clogate(高露潔)牙膏的廣告詞。譯成漢語為:“ 牙齒好,身體就好”。無論從內(nèi)容還是形式都保留了原文簡潔、押韻、對仗工整的特點。
②Shop at CARSON'S GROCERY Look what we've got!We've got the best cakes in town.We've got the cheapest prices and We've got the best quality goods.Sorry,We've not got any stale bread,dry cakes or bad eggs!Try us.If you want the best value for your money,we've got it.請光臨卡森食品店:請看我們有什么食品!我們有本城最好的蛋糕,我們的價格最便宜,我們的貨物質(zhì)量最好。對不起,我們店不賣不新鮮的面包、干硬的蛋糕或臭雞蛋!嘗嘗我們的食品!您想買到最價有所值的食品,我們這里就有!
這是一個商店招徠顧客的售貨廣告,語言簡明幽默,通過重復(fù)運用 ″we've got,″的語法結(jié)構(gòu),突出了該商店商品品種之豐富,商品質(zhì)量之優(yōu)越,使人不禁要去選購一番。
(二)使用四字格語。
由成語衍生的四字格語言簡意賅、生動形象、意蘊深遠(yuǎn),富有音韻節(jié)律,讀起來平仄相間、和諧悅耳、鏗鏘有力。對押韻英文廣告的漢譯中,恰當(dāng)選取和應(yīng)用四字格語能增強譯語廣告詞的表現(xiàn)力。
如:
①Sweet,Smart &Sassy.(美國 Sunkist 柑橘廣告)味道甜美,外形可愛,香氣濃烈。②Emotion of motion.(三洋 XactiC4 款攝像機)(Newsweek,Dec.22-Jan.3,2005)動感飄逸,熱情四溢。
以上兩例都采用了英語中的頭韻形式修辭手法,恰到好處地向受眾目標(biāo)傳達(dá)了各自產(chǎn)品特性,在確保傳遞原廣告意義前提下,采用漢語中富有節(jié)奏感的四字格語不失為一種好的翻譯方法。
(三)彌補法
漢英語言體系的不同,漢語修辭格中沒有與英語 Rhyme 對應(yīng)的修辭格。漢語的疊音詞、雙聲、對偶句式和排比結(jié)構(gòu)在語言表達(dá)效果上和 Rhyme修辭格神似。所以,我們可以采用上述漢語結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯英語 Rhyme 修辭格,以求最大限度地再現(xiàn)原文的 修 辭 效 果。這 種 方 法 被 稱 作“ 彌 補 法 ”(Compensation)。①More experience in express.(DHL 特快專遞廣告)②You can have the smoother,softer,sleeker skin you want now and forever.(脫毛劑廣告)以上兩例都運用的是頭韻(Alliteration)修辭格。試譯:1.更多經(jīng)驗、更好服務(wù)盡在 DHL 特快專遞。(排比結(jié)構(gòu))2.更光滑、更細(xì)膩、更亮澤,一旦使用,持久擁有。(排比結(jié)構(gòu))
(四)套譯法。
就是套用英語在漢語中已經(jīng)沉積下來的固有模式。如:
①When it rains, it pours.-Morton Salt.這是莫頓食鹽的廣告口號,系仿擬諺語″It never rains but it pours(不雨則已,一雨傾盆)″演變而來,生動形象地突出了莫頓食鹽的特點,對消費者很具誘惑力。可套譯為“ 不下則已,一下傾盆”。②a.A Mars a day keeps you work,rest and play.(瑪斯巧克力廣告)每天一塊瑪斯巧克力,工 作娛樂自在悠閑。
b.One Man's disaster is another man's delight.(商家削價促銷廣告)一人開心一人虧損。
廣告語 a 是由英語諺語 An apple a day keepsthe doctor away 和 All work and no play make Jack a dull boy糅合而成。廣告語 b 是改寫英語諺語 One's meat is another man's poison 而成的。而這些諺語在漢語言文化中早已被人們所熟悉,源語言和漢語言群體有相同的文化預(yù)設(shè),容易被人們共同接受,此時采用套譯法既能準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原文意境,又能在漢語言中被人們廣泛接受,從而達(dá)到其宣傳目的。
(五)意譯法(Meaning Implication)。
意譯法指由于英漢兩種語言和文化的巨大差異,譯文不能局限于字面意思,而應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣以求譯文通順明暢。Give me Green World,or give me yesterday.如果直譯,語義會顯得模糊不清,可譯為“ 要么給我綠世界晚霜,要么還我昨日青春容顏”,使愛美的消費者心理上產(chǎn)生共鳴和奇妙的聯(lián)想,用了綠世界晚霜“ 今年 20 明年 18”,進而激起購買欲望。
(六)增譯法。
有一些廣告英語,直譯后雖沒文化沖突,卻會造成誤解,譯語讀者不能理解其含義。翻譯時可直譯其字面意義,再增譯出其隱含意義,使譯文形象生動,體現(xiàn)出原文的風(fēng)格和韻味。在增譯過程中,增添的詞語要恰到好處,首先要忠實原文,切不可增加原文所沒有的內(nèi)涵意義。例如: Every Time A Good Time.麥當(dāng)勞充滿溫馨和歡樂,每次到這里就餐都是一段美好時光。
這是麥當(dāng)勞的宣傳廣告,利用 time 的反復(fù),傳達(dá)這樣的信息。此句廣告語若直譯就顯得蒼白無力,根據(jù)語境適當(dāng)增譯出,給人一種溫馨舒適之感。
廣告英語修辭的翻譯應(yīng)注意英漢語言的文化差異和文化背景的不同。從語言表達(dá)的效果來看,廣泛運用各種修辭格,目的都是注重語言的美感,加強語言的表現(xiàn)力,突出特點,別出心裁以誘惑消費者動心,提高廣告及商品的品位和吸引力。因此漢譯時還要根據(jù)廣告英語的修辭特征,洞徹商品,洞鑒語言,選用適當(dāng)?shù)臐h語表達(dá)方式,將廣告英語中的修辭格譯好、譯巧。
五、結(jié)語
商品的目標(biāo)是國際性的,這就首先需要克服語言障礙。對廣告英語的研究,必須從國際跨文化傳播的角度,對目標(biāo)語的社會組織、思維模式、角色定位、空間的組織和利用、時間觀念、非語言表達(dá)等多方面進行研究。只有在產(chǎn)品和廣告宣傳的觀念、文化、價值被廣泛得以認(rèn)同,才能夠在激烈的競爭中立于不敗之地。研究英文廣告的特點,運用廣告寫作技巧,運用豐富的語言修辭手段,準(zhǔn)確、生動、形象地表現(xiàn)商品的特征、性能及其內(nèi)涵,必將有利于我國產(chǎn)品走向國際市場。
致謝
本文是在鄭賢貴老師的精心指導(dǎo)下完成的。在此,向他表示衷心地感謝。三年的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,曾得到各位任課教師的幫助和教誨,終生難忘。在此一并致謝。
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