第一篇:單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
一、二、規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則:
1.一般情況加s : book--books mouth---mouths house---houses
girl---girls
2.以s、sh、ch、x結(jié)尾的加es : class---classes box----boxes match----matches
3.輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的變 y為 i加es: city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories
4.以o結(jié)尾的詞 +es的只有以下詞:heroes、Negroes、tomatoes potatoes、zeroes/zeros
以o結(jié)尾并且詞尾有兩個元音字母+s: radios、zoos、bamboos、(pianos、photos)
5.以f,fe 結(jié)尾的 變f或fe為v +es :
thief,wife,life,knife,wolf,half,leaf,shelf
eg.The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her life.二、不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則:
1.man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese child-children, mouse-mice,2.單復(fù)數(shù)相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss.3.以man, woman 修飾名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時,兩個詞都變化.man servant-men servants.(boy/girl students
三、名詞詞尾的讀音規(guī)則:
A.在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清輔音后讀[s] cups,hats,cakes,roofs
B.在[s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后讀[iz] glasses, faces, roses.C.在其他情況下讀作[z] beds days cities knives.D.以th結(jié)尾的詞原來讀[s ] 加詞尾后多數(shù)讀[z ] 如: mouth-mouths path-paths;
但是也有不變化的,如: month-months, ninth-ninths, youth-youths.
第二篇:單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則
英語中名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞在應(yīng)用時有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示一個用單數(shù),表示兩個或兩個以上用復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。
1)單數(shù)名詞加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, maps, brothers,birds.
2)以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es: glasses, boxes, classes, dishes,watches.
3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加es: cities, babies, ladies,families.
以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞直接加s : boys, toys.4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多數(shù)變f為v加es: knives, leaves.但有些詞只加s: roofs, chiefs.
5)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,有些加es: heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.
6)不規(guī)則名詞:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice.單復(fù)數(shù)同形,如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: two dollars,two meters
7)某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù):datum→data,medium→media,bacterium→bacteria,curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria,phenomenon→phenomena.(um/on→a), basis→bases, crisis→crises,8)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù):以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:homework. 以man或woman為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù),前后兩個名詞都變復(fù)數(shù),如:manservant→menservants, woman student →women students.
但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans.其它復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù):grown up→grown ups, stand by→stands by.
9)復(fù)合形容詞做定語時,其中的名詞保持單數(shù):a six year old boy,a two hundred page book
10)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù)。
如: people,police,cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle.又如the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作復(fù)數(shù)用。
11)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses(眼鏡)trousers, clothes 若表達具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對,雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
12)有些以s作結(jié)尾的名詞是單數(shù),如:maths,news,physics,politics
13)有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式和其單數(shù)形式的意義不同,如:water(水),waters(海,江,河);time(時間),times(次數(shù));arm(手臂),arms(武裝,手臂);cloth(布),clothes(衣服);glass(玻璃),glasses(眼鏡,玻璃杯);good(善行),goods(貨物);manner(方法),manners(禮貌);wood(木),woods(樹林);work(工作),works(工廠)。
14)名詞化的形容詞大多表示人稱,通常與定冠詞the連用,如:the young 青年人, the old 老年人, the dead 死者.這些名詞化的形容詞表類指,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化,因為指一類人,故有復(fù)數(shù)概念,做主語時候要求復(fù)數(shù)形式的動詞。
練習: 1 bus(復(fù)數(shù))__________________
knife(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ party(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ that(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ this(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ foot(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ glass(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ cup(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ sheep(復(fù)數(shù))__________________
photo(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ woman(復(fù)數(shù))__________________
office(復(fù)數(shù))__________________ they(單 數(shù))__________________ are(單 數(shù))__________________ boxes(單 數(shù))__________________
men(單 數(shù))__________________
17.It’s an apple.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)_________________________________ 18.She’s a worker.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)_________________________________ 19.There are some oranges on the plate.(改為單數(shù)形式)There ______ ______ ________ on the plate.20.There is an apple on the table.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)There _____ _____ _______ on the plate.21.What’s your job?(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)_________________________________ 22.They’re policewomen.(改為單數(shù)形式)_________________________________ 23.These are umbrellas.(改為單數(shù)形式)______ _______ ______ umbrella.24.Where’s my apple?(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)Where _______ my _______? 25.It’s on the table?(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)________ ________on the table.26.There’s a chair in the room.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)There ________ ________ ________ in the room.27.This is his fork.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)________ ________ his __________.28.What are ________(this)? 29.Where are my ________(dress)? 30.There ________(be)some oranges.
第三篇:可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化情況
可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化情況
英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。表示一個人或一件事用單數(shù),表示一個以上的人或事物用復(fù)數(shù)。
一、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則的變化有: 1.一般情況加-s bag—bags
desk—desks
word—words 2.以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加-es box—boxes
watch—watches
bus—buses
brush—brushes 3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i再加-es city—cities
factory—factories
baby—babies 4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,一般變f或fe為v再加-es leaf—leaves
wife—wives wolf—wolves 簡記:樹葉(leaf)半數(shù)(half)自己(self)黃,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去殺狼(wolf),架(shelf)后小偷(theif)逃命忙。
5.以字母o結(jié)尾的名詞,o前為輔音字母加-es,o前為元音字母加-s tomato—tomatoes
hero—heroes potato—potatoes zoo—zoos
radio—radios
kangaroo—kangaroos 例外:photo—photos piano—pianos 簡記:
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),直接加-s占多數(shù),詞尾若是f或fe,加-s之前要變ve,輔音字母+y,要把y變i.二、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式不規(guī)則的變化有: 1.變內(nèi)部元音
foot—feet
tooth—teeth
goose—geese men—man
woman—women
mouse—mice 2.在詞尾加en ox—oxen
child—children 3.形式不變
sheep—sheep
deer—deer 簡記:男女孩子們的腳踩住老鼠的牙齒
三、復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式: 1.一般將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
computer room—computer rooms
tooth-brush—tooth-brushes 2.無主體名詞時在詞尾加-s grown-up—grown-ups look-out—look-outs 3.兩部分都變復(fù)數(shù)
man worker--men workers
woman driver--women drivers 簡記:性別加職業(yè),兩者都得變
四、表示“某國人”的名詞,單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的形式有: 1.單復(fù)數(shù)同形
Chinese—Chinese
Japanese—Japanese 2.變詞尾man為men Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen 3.詞尾加-s German—Germans
American—Americans 簡記:“中日友好,英法聯(lián)盟,其他的該s” 練一練
寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.watch 2.tooth 3.Chinese 4.knife 5.photo 6.child 7.bus 8.radio 9.mouse 10.word 11.woman teacher 12.class 13.desk 14.son-in-low 15.foot 參考答案 1.watches 2.teeth 3.Chinese 4.knives 5.photos 6.children 7.buses 8.radios 9.mice 10.words 11.women teachers 12.classes 13.desks 14.sons-in-low 15.feet
第四篇:名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化
名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式變化
一、最常見的就是直接在名詞后面+s Boy—boys(男孩)cat—cats(貓)room—rooms(房間)horse—horses(馬)tree—trees(樹)rose—roses(玫瑰)
二、如果名詞是以x、s、sh、ch結(jié)尾的,在名詞后面+es Branch—branches(樹枝)match—matches(火柴)fox—foxes(狐貍)class—classes(班級)bus—buses(公交車)Box—boxes(箱子)watch—watches(手表)dish—dishes(盤子)coach—coaches(車廂)couch—couches(沙發(fā))
三、如果名詞是以輔音加y結(jié)尾的,要變y為i加es;如果不是以輔音結(jié)尾的,就直接在y后面加上s Family—families(家庭)study—studies(學習)party—parties(派對)baby—babies(寶貝)city—cities(城市)
Boy—boys(男孩)toy—toys(玩具)way—ways(方法、路)monkey—monkeys(猴子)key—keys(鑰匙)
四、當名詞是以fe或f結(jié)尾的,要變fe或f為v,再加es;有的直接加s Thief—thieves(小偷)shelf—shelves(書架)leaf—leaves(樹葉)half—halves(一半)Wolf—wolves(狼)life—lives(生活、生命)wife—wives(妻子)knife—knives(刀)Roof—roofs(房頂)belief—beliefs(信念)proof—proofs(證據(jù))
五、當名詞是以o結(jié)尾有生命的加es,沒有生命的加s Potato—potatoes(土豆)tomato—tomatoes(西紅柿)
hero—heroes(英雄)Photo—photos(相片)zoo—zoos(動物園)radio—radios(廣播)piano—pianos(鋼琴)
六、名詞復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化
Child—children(小孩)mouse—mice(老鼠)man—men(男人)woman—women(女人)German—Germans(德國人)
Englishman—Englishmen(英國人)Frenchman---frenchmen(法國人)foot—feet(足,腳)tooth—teeth(牙齒)1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形
Deer—deer(鹿)fish—fish(魚)Chinese—Chinese(中國人)Japanese—Japanese(日本人)2)集體名詞,名詞以單數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn),但是實際上是指的復(fù)數(shù) People(人們)police(警察)public(公眾)
第五篇:名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化口訣
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)口訣
(一)規(guī)則變化
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),直接加-s 占多數(shù);
s, x, z, ch, sh 來結(jié)尾,直接加上-es;
詞尾是 f 或 fe,加-s 之前先變 ve;
輔母 + y 在詞尾,把 y 變 i 再加-es;
詞尾字母若是 o,常用三個已足夠,要加-es 請記好,hero, tomato, potato。(二)不規(guī)則變化
男人女人 a 變 e,鵝足牙 oo 變 ee;
老鼠虱婆也好記,ous 變 ic;
孩子加上 ren,魚鹿綿羊不用變。
【解說】
1.英語名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)別,單數(shù)表示“一”,復(fù)數(shù)表示“多于一。”名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),多數(shù)是規(guī)則的變,直接加-s,例如:book → books, girl → girls。但以-s,-z,-x,-ch,-sh 結(jié)尾的名詞,變成復(fù)數(shù)時加-es, 例如:bus → buses, buzz → buzzes, box → boxes, watch → watches, brush → brushes
2.-f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)歌訣:① 樹葉半數(shù)自已黃,妻子拿刀去割糧,架后竄出一只狼,就像強盜逃命忙。② 妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌,躲在架后保己命,半片樹葉遮目光。例如:leaf(樹葉,葉子),half(一半),self(自已),wife(妻子),knife(刀子),shelf(架子),wolf(狼), thief(竊賊,強盜)和 life(生命),這些名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時,都要改-f(e)為 v,再加-es。
3.-f 結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s 變復(fù)數(shù)歌訣:海灣邊、屋頂上,首領(lǐng)奴仆兩相望;誰說他們無信仰,證據(jù)寫在手帕上。例如:gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief,這些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)直接加-s。
注:scarf(圍巾;披風)可以先改 f 為 ve 再加-s,也可直接加-s。
4.輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的名詞,把 y 變 i 加-es。例如:baby → babies, country → countries, family → families;而-y 前是元音時,-y 不變,直接加-s。例如:day → days, boy → boys
5.以-o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,多數(shù)直接加-s。例如:radio → radios, piano → pianos, kangaroo → kangaroos;有的須加-es,中學課本中有幾個這樣的單詞,可以通過一句口訣來記憶:黑人英雄愛吃西紅柿和土豆。即:Negro → Negroes, hero → heroes, tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes;有的以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞既可加-s 也可加-es。例如:volcano(火山)→ volcanos / volcanoes 等。
6.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化需要特別記憶。例如:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, louse(虱子)→ lice, child → children, fish → fish, deer(鹿)→ deer, sheep → sheep 等。
7.初中課本中表示“某國人”的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變化可通過歌訣記憶:中日不變英法變,其余-s 加后面。例如:Chinese → Chinese, Japanese → Japanese;Englishman → Englishmen, Englishwoman → Englishwomen, Frenchman → Frenchmen, Frenchwoman → Frenchwomen;American → Americans, Rusian → Rusians, Arab → Arabs, German → Germans 等。
8.不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。有些不可數(shù)名詞可借助單位詞表示一定的數(shù)量。例如:a cup of tea 一杯茶, two pieces of paper 兩張紙, an item of news 一則新聞
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的讀音變化
一般情況 加-s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps
濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 加-es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 加-s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby---babies