第一篇：十七大報告中英文對照版

高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟 為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗

Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism With Chinese Characteristics and Strive for New Victories in Building a Moderately Properous Society in All Respects

Speech by Hu Jintao to the 17th National Congress October 15, 2007 同志們，現在，我代表第十六屆中央委員會向大會作報告。Comrades, Now I would like to make a report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)on behalf of the Sixteenth Central Committee.中國共產黨第十七次全國代表大會，是在我國改革發展關鍵階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，繼續解放思想，堅持改革開放，推動科學發展，促進社會和諧，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗。

The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial stage of China's reform and development.The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，是當代中國發展進步的旗幟，是全黨全國各族人民團結奮斗的旗幟。解放思想是發展中國特色社會主義的一大法寶，改革開放是發展中國特色社會主義的強大動力，科學發展、社會和諧是發展中國特色社會主義的基本要求，全面建設小康社會是黨和國家到二零二零年的奮斗目標，是全國各族人民的根本利益所在。

The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor.Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, reform and opening up provide a strong driving force for developing it, and scientific development and social harmony are basic requirements for developing it.Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a fundamental goal for the Party and the state to reach by 2020, and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.當今世界正在發生廣泛而深刻的變化，當代中國正在發生廣泛而深刻的變革。機遇前所未有，挑戰也前所未有，機遇大于挑戰。全黨必須堅定不移地高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，帶領人民從新的歷史起點出發，抓住和用好重要戰略機遇期，求真務實，銳意進取，繼續全面建設小康社會、加快推進社會主義現代化，完成時代賦予的崇高使命。

The world today is undergoing extensive and profound changes, and contemporary China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation.This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented-challenges, with the former outweighing the latter.The whole Party must unswervingly hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lead the people in starting from this new historical point, grasping and making the most of the important period of strategic opportunities, staying realistic and pragmatic, forging ahead with determination, continuing to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerate socialist modernization, and accomplishing the lofty mission bestowed by the times.一、過去五年的工作

I.The Work of the Past Five Years 十六大以來的五年是不平凡的五年。面對復雜多變的國際環境和艱巨繁重的改革發展任務，黨帶領全國各族人民，高舉鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想偉大旗幟，戰勝各種困難和風險，開創了中國特色社會主義事業新局面，開拓了馬克思主義中國化新境界。

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The five years since the Sixteenth Congress was an extraordinary period.In order to accomplish the arduous tasks of reform and development in a complicated and volatile international situation, the Party led the people of all ethnic groups in holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, overcoming difficulties and risks, creating a new situation in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and attaining a new realm in adapting Marxism to conditions in China.十六大確立“三個代表”重要思想的指導地位，作出全面建設小康社會的戰略決策。為貫徹十六大精神，中央召開七次全會，分別就深化機構改革、完善社會主義市場經濟體制、加強黨的執政能力建設、制定“十一五”規劃、構建社會主義和諧社會等關系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署，提出并貫徹科學發展觀等重大戰略思想，推動黨和國家工作取得新的重大成就。

At its Sixteenth Congress the Party established the important thought of Three Represents as its guide and made the strategic decision to build a moderately prosperous society in ail respects.In order to implement the guiding principles of the congress, the Central Committee convened sessions, at which it made decisions on and arrangements for major issues of overall significance such as deepening institutional restructuring, improving the socialist market economy, strengthening the governance capability of the Party, drawing up the Eleventh Five-Year Plan(2006-10), and building a harmonious socialist society;and it formulated and applied the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.All this helped the Party and the state score great new achievements.經濟實力大幅提升。經濟保持平穩快速發展，國內生產總值年均增長百分之十以上，經濟效益明顯提高，財政收入連年顯著增加，物價基本穩定。社會主義新農村建設扎實推進，區域發展協調性增強。創新型國家建設進展良好，自主創新能力較大提高。能源、交通、通信等基礎設施和重點工程建設成效顯著。載人航天飛行成功實現。能源資源節約和生態環境保護取得新進展。“十五”計劃勝利完成，“十一五”規劃進展順利。

Economic strength increased substantially.The economy sustained steady and rapid growth.The GDP expanded by an annual average of over 10%.Economic performance improved significantly, national revenue rose markedly year by year, and prices were basically stable.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside yielded solid results, and development among regions became more balanced.The endeavor to make China an innovative nation registered good progress, with considerable improvement in the country's capacity for independent innovation.Notable achievements were scored in the construction of infrastructure including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key projects.Manned spaceflights were successfully conducted.Fresh progress was registered in energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation.The Tenth Five-Year Plan(2001-05)was fulfilled successfully and implementation of the eleventh is in smooth progress.改革開放取得重大突破。農村綜合改革逐步深化，農業稅、牧業稅、特產稅全部取消，支農惠農政策不斷加強。國有資產管理體制、國有企業和金融、財稅、投資、價格、科技等領域改革取得重大進展。非公有制經濟進一步發展。市場體系不斷健全，宏觀調控繼續改善，政府職能加快轉變，進出口總額大幅增長，實施走出去戰略邁出堅實步伐，開放型經濟進入新階段。

Major breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up.Comprehensive reforms in rural areas gradually deepened;agricultural tax, livestock tax and taxes on special agricultural products were rescinded throughout the country;and policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Significant headway was made in reform of the state assets management system, state-owned enterprises, banking, public finance, taxation, investment, pricing, and the system for managing science and technology.The non-public sector of the economy grew stronger.A sound market system was being put in place, macroeconomic regulation continued to improve, and transformation of government functions was accelerated.The total volume of imports and exports increased sharply.Solid steps were taken in implementing the “go global” strategy, and the open economy entered a new stage of development.http://www.tmdps.cn 2

人民生活顯著改善。城鄉居民收入較大增加，家庭財產普遍增多，城鄉居民最低生活保障制度初步建立，貧困人口基本生活得到保障，居民消費結構優化，衣食住行用水平不斷提高，享有的公共服務明顯增強。

Living standards improved significantly.Both urban and rural incomes increased considerably, and most families had more property than before.The system of subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents was basically in place, guaranteeing basic living conditions for the poor.Residents improved their consumption patterns, had increasingly better food, clothing, housing, transport and other daily necessities, and enjoyed markedly improved public services.民主法制建設取得新進步。政治體制改革穩步推進，人民代表大會制度、中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度不斷完善，基層民主活力增強，人權事業健康發展，愛國統一戰線發展壯大，中國特色社會主義法律體系基本形成，依法治國基本方略切實貫徹，行政管理體制、司法體制改革不斷深化。

Fresh progress was registered in improving democracy and the legal system.Political restructuring progressed steadily.Constant improvement was made in the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC and the system of regional ethnic autonomy.Primary-level democracy increased its vitality.The cause of human rights witnessed sound development: The patriotic united front grew stronger.A socialist law system with Chinese characteristics was basically in place.The rule of law was effectively implemented as a fundamental principle.Reform of the government administration system and the judicial system continued to deepen.文化建設開創新局面。社會主義核心價值體系建設扎實推進，馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程成效明顯，思想道德建設廣泛開展，全社會文明程度進一步提高，文化體制改革取得重要進展，文化事業和文化產業快速發展，人民精神文化生活更加豐富，全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

A new situation was created in cultural development.Efforts to establish the system of socialist core values made steady headway and marked achievements were scored in the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory.Extensive efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards and the whole of society became more culturally advanced.Cultural restructuring made important progress, cultural programs and the cultural industry developed rapidly, and the people enjoyed a richer cultural life.Fresh progress was made in public fitness programs and competitive sports.社會建設全面展開。各級各類教育迅速發展，農村免費義務教育全面實現，就業規模日益擴大。社會保障體系建設進一步加強。抗擊非典取得重大勝利，公共衛生體系和基本醫療服務不斷健全，人民健康水平不斷提高。社會管理逐步完善，社會大局穩定，人民安居樂業。

Social development proceeded in an all-round way.Education of various kinds and at different levels developed rapidly.Free compulsory education was made available in all rural areas.More job opportunities were created.The social security system was strengthened.The battle against SARS came to a great victory.The public health system and basic medical care constantly improved, contributing to better health of the people.Social management improved step by step.Social stability was ensured and the.people lived and worked in peace and contentment.國防和軍隊建設取得歷史性成就。中國特色軍事變革加速推進，裁減軍隊員額二十萬任務順利完成，軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設全面加強，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著提高。

Historic achievements were scored in the development of national defense and the armed forces.The revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics was accelerated.The armed forces were reduced by 200, 000 troops.Efforts were intensified in all respects to make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized, which notably increased their capacity to accomplish their historical missions at this new stage in the new century.港澳工作和對臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，對內地經貿關系更加緊密。兩岸政黨交流成功開啟，人員往來和經濟文化交流達到新水平。制定反分裂國家法，堅決維護國家主權和領土完整。

Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs was intensified.Hong Kong and Macao maintained their prosperity and stability and developed closer economic partnership with the mainland.Political parties on both sides of the

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Taiwan Straits started communication, and cross-Straits visits as well as economic and cultural exchanges reached a new high.The Anti-Secession Law was enacted to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.全方位外交取得重大進展。堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，各項外交工作積極開展，同各國的交流合作廣泛加強，在國際事務中發揮重要建設性作用，為全面建設小康社會爭取了良好國際環境。

Major progress was made in all-directional diplomacy.Pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, China energetically carried out diplomatic activities, enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and played a major constructive role in international affairs.This created a favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.黨的建設新的偉大工程扎實推進。黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設深入進行。理論創新和理論武裝卓有成效。保持共產黨員先進性教育活動取得重大成果。黨內民主不斷擴大。領導班子和干部隊伍建設特別是干部教育培訓取得重要進展，人才工作進一步加強，干部人事制度改革和組織制度創新不斷深入。黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭成效明顯。

The great new undertaking to build the Party made solid progress.Endeavors to strengthen the Party's governance capability and vanguard nature were intensified.Efforts to make theoretical innovations and arm Party members with the achievements proved successful.The campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature yielded substantial results.Intra-Party democracy continued to expand.Major headway was made in strengthening the Party's leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres, and especially in educating and training cadres.Work in relation to talented personnel was strengthened.Efforts were stepped up to reform the cadre and personnel system and make innovations in the organizational system.Remarkable results were achieved in improving the Party's style of work, upholding integrity and combating corruption.在看到成績的同時，也要清醒認識到，我們的工作與人民的期待還有不小差距，前進中還面臨不少困難和問題，突出的是：經濟增長的資源環境代價過大；城鄉和區域、經濟社會發展仍然不平衡；農業穩定發展和農民持續增收難度加大；勞動就業、社會保障、收入分配、教育衛生、居民住房、安全生產、司法和社會治安等方面關系群眾切身利益的問題仍然較多，部分低收入群眾生活比較困難；思想道德建設有待加強；黨的執政能力同新形勢新任務不完全適應，對改革發展穩定一些重大實際問題的調查研究不夠深入；一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散；少數黨員干部作風不正，形式主義、官僚主義問題比較突出，奢侈浪費、消極腐敗現象仍然比較嚴重。我們要高度重視這些問題，繼續認真加以解決。

While recognizing our achievements, we must be well aware that they still fall short of the expectations of the people and that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems on our way forward.The outstanding ones include the following: Our economic growth is realized at an excessively high cost of resources and the environment.There remains an imbalance in development between urban and rural areas, among regions, and between the economy and society.It has become more difficult to bring about a steady growth of agriculture and continued increase in farmers' incomes.There are still many problems affecting people's immediate interests in areas such as employment, social security, income distribution, education, public health, housing, work safety, administration of justice and public order;and some low-income people lead a rather difficult life.More efforts are needed to promote ideological and ethical progress.The governance capability of the Party falls somewhat short of the need to deal with the new situation and tasks.In-depth investigations and studies have yet to be conducted on some major practical issues related to reform, development and stability.Some primary Party organizations are weak and lax.A small number of Party cadres are not honest and upright, their formalism and bureaucratism are quite conspicuous, and extravagance, waste, corruption and other undesirable behavior: are still serious-problems with them.We must pay close attention to these problems and continue our efforts to solve them.總起來說，這五年，是改革開放和全面建設小康社會取得重大進展的五年，是我國綜合國力大幅提升和人民得到更多實惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響顯著提高的五年，是黨的創造力、凝聚力、戰斗力明顯增強和全黨全國各族人民團結更加緊密的五年。實踐充分證明，十六大和十六大以來中央作出的各項重大決策是完全正確的。

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To sum up, the past five years was a period in which substantial progress was made in reform, opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this period, China's overall strength grew considerably and the people enjoyed more tangible benefits.China's international standing and influence rose notably.The creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the Party increased significantly, and the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups became more united.Facts have proved that the major policy decisions made by the Central Committee at and since the Sixteenth Congress are perfectly correct.五年來的成就，是全黨全國各族人民共同奮斗的結果。我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示衷心的感謝！

Our achievements over the past five years are attributed to the concerted efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.On behalf of the Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese nationals, and to our foreign friends who care about and support China's modernization drive!

二、改革開放的偉大歷史進程

II.The Great Historical Course of Reform and Qpening Up 我們即將迎來改革開放三十周年。一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會，開啟了改革開放歷史新時期。從那時以來，中國共產黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進取精神和波瀾壯闊的創新實踐，譜寫了中華民族自強不息、頑強奮進新的壯麗史詩，中國人民的面貌、社會主義中國的面貌、中國共產黨的面貌發生了歷史性變化。

We will soon be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the start of reform and opening up.In 1978, the Party held the historic Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, which ushered in the new historical period of reform and opening up.Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people have, in an indomitable enterprising spirit and with their spectacular practice of innovation, composed a new epic recounting the Chinese nation's ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger, and historic changes have taken place in the visages of the Chinese people, socialist China and the CPC.改革開放是黨在新的時代條件下帶領人民進行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發展社會生產力，實現國家現代化，讓中國人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族；就是要推動我國社會主義制度自我完善和發展，賦予社會主義新的升級活力，建設和發展中國特色社會主義；就是要在引領當代中國發展進步中加強和改進黨的建設，保持和發展黨的先進性，確保黨始終走在時代前列。

Reform and opening up represent a great new revolution carried on by the people under the Party's leadership in a new era to release and develop the productive forces, modernize the country, bring prosperity to the Chinese people and rejuvenate the great Chinese nation;to promote the self-improvement and development of China's socialist system, inject new vitality into socialism, and build and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics;and to improve the building of the Party as it leads contemporary China in development and progress, preserve and enhance its vanguard nature, and ensure that it is always in the forefront of the times.我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是在以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領導集體創立毛澤東思想，帶領全黨全國各族人民建立新中國、取得社會主義革命和建設偉大成就以及艱辛探索社會主義建設規律取得寶貴經驗的基礎上進行的。新民主主義革命的勝利，社會主義基本制度的建立，為當代中國一切發展進步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎。

We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was conducted on a foundation laid by the Party's first generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, which founded Mao Zedong Thought, led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in establishing the People's Republic and scoring great achievements in our

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socialist revolution and.construction, and gained invaluable experience in its painstaking exploration for laws governing socialist construction.The victory in the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of the basic system of socialism provided the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional basis for every inch of development and progress in contemporary China.我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民開創的。面對十年“文化大革命”造成的危難局面，黨的第二代中央領導集體堅持解放思想、實事求是，以巨大的政治勇氣和理論勇氣，科學評價毛澤東同志和毛澤東思想，徹底否定“以階級斗爭為綱”的錯誤理論和實踐，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉移到經濟建設上來、實行改革開放的歷史性決策，確立社會主義初級階段基本路線，吹響走自己的路、建設中國特色社會主義的時代號角，創立鄧小平理論，指引全黨全國各族人民在改革開放的偉大征程上闊步前進。

We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was initiated by the Party's second generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the endeavor.1n a precarious situation left by the “cultural revolution”(1966-76), the second generation of central collective leadership, persisting in emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts and displaying immense political and theoretical courage, made a scientific appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, thoroughly repudiated the erroneous theory and practice of “taking class struggle as the key link,'' and made the historic policy decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state onto economic development and introduce reform and opening up.It established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, sounded the clarion call of the times for taking our own road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, and led the whole Parry and the people of all ethnic groups in striding forward on the great journey of reform and opening up.我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民繼承、發展并成功推向二十一世紀的。從十三屆四中全會到十六大，受命與重大歷史關頭的黨的第三代中央領導集體，高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，堅持改革開放、與時俱進，在國內外政治**、經濟風險等嚴峻考驗面前，依靠黨和人民，捍衛中國特色社會主義，創建社會主義市場經濟新體制，開創全面開放新局面，推進黨的建設新的偉大工程，創立“三個代表”重要思想，繼續引領改革開放的航船沿著正確方向破浪前進。

We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was carried on, developed and successfully carried l into the 21st century by the Party's third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups on this mission.From the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee through the Sixteenth Congress, the third generation of central collective leadership, which took over the helm at a critical historical juncture, held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, pressed ahead with reform and opening up and kept up with the times.Relying on the Party and the people, it stood the severe tests of political turbulences and economic risks at home and abroad, safeguarded socialism with Chinese characteristics, initiated the new, socialist market economy and ushered in a new phase of all-round opening up;and it advanced the great new undertaking to build the Party, founded the important thought of Three Represents, and steered the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right course.十六大以來，我們以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，順應國內外形勢發展變化，抓住重要戰略機遇期，發揚求真務實、開拓進取精神，堅持理論創新和實踐創新，著力推動科學發展、促進社會和諧，完善社會主義市場經濟體制，在全面建設小康社會實踐中堅定不移地把改革開放偉大事業繼續推向前進。

Since the Sixteenth Congress, we have followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, kept up with new developments and changes in and outside China, grasped the strategic opportunities in this important period, promoted the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit and persisted in innovation in both theory and practice.We have worked hard to promote scientific development and social harmony, improved the socialist market economy，http://www.tmdps.cn 6

and resolutely carried forward the great cause of reform and opening up in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.新時期最鮮明的特點是改革開放。從農村到城市、從經濟領域到其他各個領域，全面改革的進程勢不可當地展開了；從沿海到沿江沿邊，從東部到中西部，對外開放的大門毅然決然地打開了。這場歷史上從未有過的大改革大開放，極大地調動了億萬人民的積極性，使我國成功實現了從高度集中的計劃經濟體制到充滿活力的社會主義市場經濟體制、從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的偉大歷史轉折。今天，一個面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來的社會主義中國巍然屹立在世界東方。

Reform and opening up constitute the most salient feature of the new period.From the countryside to the cities and from the economic to other areas, the process of sweeping reform has unfolded with irresistible momentum.From the coastal areas to areas along the Yangtze River and the borders, and from the eastern to the central and western regions, the door has been resolutely opened to the outside world.This great undertaking of reform and opening up, never seen before in history, has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of Chinese people and brought about China's historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a robust socialist market economy, and from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up.Today socialist China is standing rock-firm in the East, oriented toward modernization, the world and the future.新時期最顯著的成就是快速發展。我們黨實施現代化建設“三步走”戰略，帶領人民艱苦奮斗，推動我國以世界上少有的速度持續快速發展起來。我國經濟從一度瀕于崩潰的邊緣發展到總量躍至世界第四、進出口總額位居世界第三，人民生活從溫飽不足發展到總體小康，農村貧困人口從兩億五千多萬減少到兩千多萬，政治建設、文化建設、社會建設取得舉世矚目的成就。中國的發展，不僅使中國人民穩定地走上富裕安康的廣闊道路，而且為世界經濟發展和人類文明進步作出了重大貢獻。

Rapid development represents the most remarkable achievement in the new period.The Party has been implementing the three-step strategy for modernization, leading the people in working hard to promote China's sustained rapid development at a rate rarely seen in the world.China's economy, once on the verge of collapse, has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world, and its import and export volume, the third biggest.The Chinese people, once inadequately fed and clad, are leading a fairly comfortable life on the whole.The impoverished population in rural areas has dropped from more than 250 million to just over 20 million.The country's achievements in political, cultural and social development have captured world attention.China's development has not only enabled its people to move steadily toward prosperity and happiness, but also contributed substantially to the growth of the world economy and the progress of human civilization.新時期最突出的標志是與時俱進。我們黨堅持馬克思主義的思想路線，不斷探索和回答什么是社會主義、怎樣建設社會主義，建設什么樣的黨、怎樣建設黨，實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大理論和實際問題，不斷推進馬克思主義中國化，堅持并豐富黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領、基本經驗。社會主義和馬克思主義在中國大地上煥發出勃勃生機，給人民帶來更多福祉，使中華民族大踏步趕上時代前進潮流、迎來偉大復興的光明前景。

Keeping up with the times is the most prominent hallmark of the new period.Adhering to the Marxist ideological line, the Party has been constantly seeking answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of party we must build.and how to build it, and what kind of development China should achieve and how to achieve it.The Party has been constantly adapting Marxism to conditions in China, and adhering to and enriching its own basic theory, line, program and experience.Socialism and Marxism have shown great vitality on Chinese soil, brought more benefits to the people, and enabled the Chinese nation to catch.up with the trend of the times in great strides and see the bright future of national rejuvenation.事實雄辯地證明，改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關鍵抉擇，是發展中國特色社會主義、實現中華民族偉大復興的必由之路；只有社會主義才能救中國，只有改革開放才能發展中國、發展社會主義、發展馬克思主義。

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Facts have incontrovertibly proved that the decision to begin reform and opening up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China that reform and opening up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation, that only socialism can save China and that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism.改革開放作為一場新的偉大革命，不可能一帆風順，也不可能一蹴而就。最根本的是，改革開放符合黨心民心、順應時代潮流，方向和道路是完全正確的，成效和功績不容否定，停頓和倒退沒有出路。

As a great new revolution, reform and opening up are not to be plain sailing or be accomplished overnight.Essentially they accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times.The orientation and path of reform and opening up are entirely correct, and, their merits anal achievements taxi never be negated.To stop or reverse reform and opening up would only lead to a blind alley.在改革開放的歷史進程中，我們黨把堅持馬克思主義基本原理同推進馬克思主義中國化結合起來，把堅持四項基本原則同堅持改革開放結合起來，把尊重人民首創精神同加強和改善黨的領導結合起來，把堅持社會主義基本制度同發展市場經濟結合起來，把推動經濟基礎變革同推動上層建筑改革結合起來，把發展社會生產力同提高全民族文明素質結合起來，把提高效率同促進社會公平結合起來，把堅持獨立自主同參與經濟全球化結合起來，把促進改革發展同保持社會穩定結合起來，把推進中國特色社會主義偉大事業同推進黨的建設新的偉大工程結合起來，取得了我們這樣一個十幾億人口的發展中大國擺脫貧困、加快實現現代化、鞏固和發展社會主義的寶貴經驗。

In the historical course of reform and opening up, the Party has combined adhering to the basic tenets of Marxism with adapting it to Chinese conditions, upholding the Four Cardinal Principles*(The Four Cardinal Principles are to keep to the socialist road and to uphold the people's democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.)with adhering to the reform and opening up policy, respecting the people's pioneering initiative with strengthening the Party's leadership, adhering to the basic, system of socialism with developing the market, economy, effecting changes, in the economic base with promoting reform of the superstructure, developing the productive forces with improving the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation, raising efficiency with promoting social equity, pursuing independent development with taking part in economic globalization, promoting reform and development with maintaining social stability, and advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics with making progress in the great new undertaking to build the Party.In this course the Party has gained invaluable experience in eliminating poverty, accelerating modernization, and consolidating and developing socialism in a large developing country of over one billion people.改革開放以來我們取得一切成績和進步的根本原因，歸結起來就是：開辟了中國特色社會主義道路，形成了中國特色社會主義理論體系。高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，最根本的就是要堅持這條道路和這個理論體系。

To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Essentially, to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics means to keep to this path and uphold this system.中國特色社會主義道路，就是在中國共產黨領導下，立足基本國情，以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則，堅持改革開放，解放和發展社會生產力，鞏固和完善社會主義制度，建設社會主義市場經濟、社會主義民主政治、社會主義先進文化、社會主義和諧社會，建設富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。中國特色社會主義道路之所以完全正確、之所以能夠引領中國發展進步，關鍵在于我們既堅持了科學社會主義的基本原則，又根據我國實際和時代特征賦予其鮮明的中國特色。在當代中國，堅持中國特色社會主義道路，就是真正堅持社會主義。

Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we will, under the leadership of the CPC and in light of China's basic conditions, take economic development as the central task, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevere in reform and opening up, release and develop the productive forces, consolidate and improve the socialist system, develop the

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socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and make China a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country.The main reason this path is completely correct and can lead China to development, and progress is that we have adhered to the basic tenets of scientific socialism and in the meantime added to them distinct Chinese characteristics in light of China's conditions and the features of the times.In contemporary China, to stay true to socialism means to keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是包括鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想以及科學發展觀等重大戰略思想在內的科學理論體系。這個理論體系，堅持和發展了馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、凝結了幾代中國共產黨人帶領人民不懈探索實踐的智慧和心血，是馬克思主義中國化最新成果，是黨最可寶貴的政治和精神財富，是全國各族人民團結奮斗的共同思想基礎。中國特色社會主義理論體系是不斷發展的開放的理論體系。《共產黨宣言》發表以來近一百六十年的實踐證明，馬克思主義只有與本國國情相結合、與時代發展同進步、與人民群眾同命運，才能煥發出強大的生命力、創造力、感召力。在當代中國，堅持中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是真正堅持馬克思主義。

Theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute a system of scientific theories including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.This system represents the Party's adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people in carrying out tireless explorations and practices.It is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, the Party's invaluable political and intellectual asset, and the common ideological foundation for the concerted endeavor of the people of all ethnic groups.It is an open system that keeps developing.Practices since the publication of the Communist Manifesto nearly 160 years ago have proved that only when Marxism is integrated with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times arid is tied to the destiny of the people can it demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal.In contemporary China, to stay true to Marxism means to adhere to the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.實踐永無止境，創新永無止境。全黨同志要倍加珍惜、長期堅持和不斷發展黨歷經艱辛開創的中國特色社會主義道路和中國特色社會主義理論體系，堅持解放思想、實事求是、與時俱進，勇于變革、勇于創新，永不僵化、永不停滯，不為任何風險所懼，不被任何干擾所惑，使中國特色社會主義道路越走越寬廣，讓當代中國馬克思主義放射出更加燦爛的真理光芒。

There is no end to practice or innovation.All Party members must cherish the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which the Party explored and created after going through all the hardships, keep to the path and uphold the system for a long time to come and constantly develop them.We must continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep up with the times, make bold changes and innovations, stay away from rigidity or stagnation, fear no risks, never be confused by any interference, broaden our path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and-ensure that the truth of Marxism of-contemporary China shines even more brightly.三、深入貫徹落實科學發展觀

III.Thoroughly Applying the Scientific Outlook on Development 在新的發展階段繼續全面建設小康社會、發展中國特色社會主義，必須堅持以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀。

To continue to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics at the new stage of development, we must follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.http://www.tmdps.cn 9

科學發展觀，是對黨的三代中央領導集體關于發展的重要思想的繼承和發展，是馬克思主義關于發展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現，是同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想既一脈相承又與時俱進的科學理論，是我國經濟社會發展的重要指導方針，是發展中國特色社會主義必須堅持和貫徹的重大戰略思想。

The Scientific Outlook on Development is a continuation and development of the important thoughts on development advanced by the three generations of central collective leadership of the CPC and a concentrated expression of the Marxist world outlook and methodology with regard to development.It is a scientific theory that is in the same line as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and keeps up with the times.It is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that we must uphold and apply in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.科學發展觀，是立足社會主義初級階段基本國情，總結我國發展實踐，借鑒國外發展經驗，適應新的發展要求提出來的。進入新世紀新階段，我國發展呈現一系列新的階段性特征，主要是：經濟實力顯著增強，同時生產力水平總體上還不高，自主創新能力還不強，長期形成的結構性矛盾和粗放型增長方式尚未根本改變；社會主義市場經濟體制初步建立，同時影響發展的體制機制障礙依然存在，改革攻堅面臨深層次矛盾和問題；人民生活總體上達到小康水平，同時收入分配差距拉大趨勢還未根本扭轉，城鄉貧困人口和低收入人口還有相當數量，統籌兼顧各方面利益難度加大；協調發展取得顯著成績，同時農業基礎薄弱、農村發展滯后的局面尚未改變，縮小城鄉、區域發展差距和促進經濟社會協調發展任務艱巨；社會主義民主政治不斷發展、依法治國基本方略扎實貫徹，同時民主法制建設與擴大人民民主和經濟社會發展的要求還不完全適應，政治體制改革需要繼續深化；社會主義文化更加繁榮，同時人民精神文化需求日趨旺盛，人們思想活動的獨立性、選擇性、多變性、差異性明顯增強，對發展社會主義先進文化提出了更高要求；社會活力顯著增強，同時社會結構、社會組織形式、社會利益格局發生深刻變化，社會建設和管理面臨諸多新課題；對外開放日益擴大，同時面臨的國際競爭日趨激烈，發達國家在經濟科技上占優勢的壓力長期存在，可以預見和難以預見的風險增多，統籌國內發展和對外開放要求更高。

In light of the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism, the Scientific Outlook on Development has been formulated to meet new requirements of development by analyzing China's own practice and drawing on the experience of other countries in development.At this new stage in the new century, China's development shows a series of new features which are mainly as follows: The economic strength has increased markedly, but the overall productivity remains low, the capacity for independent innovation is weak, and the longstanding structural problems and the extensive mode of growth are yet to be fundamentally addressed.The socialist market economy is basically in place, but there remain structural and institutional obstacles slowing down development;and further reform in difficult areas is confronted with deep-seated problems.A relatively comfortable standard of living has been achieved for the people as a whole, but the trend of a growing gap in income distribution has not been thoroughly reversed, there are still a considerable number of impoverished and low-income people in both urban and rural areas, and it has become more difficult to accommodate the interests of all sides.Efforts to balance development have yielded remarkable results, but the foundation of agriculture remains weak, the rural areas still lag behind in development, and we face an arduous task to narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps in development and promote balanced economic and social development.Socialist democracy has continued to develop and we have made steady progress in implementing the rule of law as a fundamental principle, but efforts to improve democracy and the legal system fall somewhat short of the need to expand people's democracy and promote economic and social development, and political restructuring has to be deepened.Socialist culture is thriving as never before, but the people have growing cultural needs and have become more independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking, setting higher requirements for the development of an advanced socialist culture.Our society has become evidently more dynamic, but profound changes have taken place in the structure of society, in the way society is organized and in the pattern of social interests, and many new issues have emerged in social development and management.China is opening wider to the outside world, but international competition is becoming

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increasingly acute, pressure in the.form of the economic and scientific dominance of developed countries will continue for a long tune to come, both predictable and unpredictable risks are increasing, and the need to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world is greater than ever.這些情況表明，經過新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來的不懈努力，我國取得了舉世矚目的發展成就，從生產力到生產關系、從經濟基礎到上層建筑都發生了意義深遠的重大變化，但我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，人民日益增長的物質文化需要同落后的社會生產之間的矛盾這一社會主要矛盾沒有變。當前我國發展的階段性特征，是社會主義初級階段基本國情在新世紀新階段的具體表現。強調認清社會主義初級階段基本國情，不是要妄自菲薄、自甘落后，也不是要脫離實際、急于求成，而是要堅持把它作為推進改革、謀劃發展的根本依據。我們必須始終保持清醒頭腦，立足社會主義初級階段這個最大的實際，科學分析我國全面參與經濟全球化的新機遇新挑戰，全面認識工業化、信息化、城鎮化、市場化、國際化深入發展的新形勢新任務，深刻把握我國發展面臨的新課題新矛盾，更加自覺地走科學發展道路，奮力開拓中國特色社會主義更為廣闊的發展前景。

All this shows that through the unremitting efforts we have made since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, particularly since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy, China has scored achievements in development that have captured World attention, and experienced far-reaching changes in the productive `forces and the relations of production, as well as in the economic base and the superstructure.However, the basic reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come has not changed, nor has Chinese society's principal contradiction——the one between the over-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the low level of social production.The current features of development in China are a concrete manifestation of that basic reality at this new stage in the new century.Stressing recognition of the basic reality is not meant to belittle ourselves, wallow in backwardness, or encourage unrealistic pursuit of quick results.Rather,such recognition will serve as the basis of our endeavor to advance reform and plan for development.We must always remain sober-minded, base our efforts on the most significant reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism, scientifically analyze the new opportunities and challenges arising from China's full involvement in economic globalization, fully understand the new situation and tasks in China's advance toward an industrialized, information-based, urbanized, market-oriented and internationalized country, have a good grasp of the new issues and problems we face in development, follow more conscientiously the path of scientific development, and strive to open up a broader vista for developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics.科學發展觀，第一要義是發展，核心是以人為本，基本要求是全面協調可持續，根本方法是統籌兼顧。The Scientific Outlook on Development takes development as its essence, putting people first as wits core, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development as its basic requirement, and overall consideration as its fundamental approach.——必須堅持把發展作為黨執政興國的第一要務。發展，對于全面建設小康社會、加快推進社會主義現代化，具有決定性意義。要牢牢扭住經濟建設這個中心，堅持聚精會神搞建設、一心一意謀發展，不斷解放和發展社會生產力。更好實施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略、可持續發展戰略，著力把握發展規律、創新發展理念、轉變發展方式、破解發展難題，提高發展質量和效益，實現又好又快發展，為發展中國特色社會主義打下堅實基礎。努力實現以人為本、全面協調可持續的科學發展，實現各方面事業有機統一、社會成員團結和睦的和諧發展，實現既通過維護世界和平發展自己、又通過自身發展維護世界和平的和平發展。

——We must regard development as the top priority of the Party in governing arid rejuvenating the country.Development is of decisive significance for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and speeding up socialist modernization.We must firmly commit ourselves to the central task of economic development, concentrate on construction and developing the productive forces.We must better implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained personnel and the strategy of sustainable development.We must grasp the law of development, make innovations in our thinking, transform the mode of development, crack hard issues and.raise quality and

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efficiency to achieve: sound and rapid development, so that we can lay a solid foundation for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must strive for scientific development by putting people first and making it comprehensive, balanced and sustainable;we must strive for harmonious development by integrating all undertakings and promoting unity and amity among all members of society;and we must strive for peaceful development in the course of which China develops itself by safeguarding world peace and contributes to world peace by developing itself.——必須堅持以人為本。全心全意為人民服務是黨的根本宗旨，黨的一切奮斗和工作都是為了造福人民。要始終把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣泛人民的根本利益作為黨和國家一切工作的出發點和落腳點，尊重人民主體地位，發揮人民首創精神，保障人民各項權益，走共同富裕道路，促進人的全面發展，做到發展為了人民、發展依靠人民、發展成果由人民共享。

——We must always put people first.Serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of the Party, and its every endeavor is for the well-being of the people.We must always make sure that the aim and outcome of all the work of the Party and the state is to realize, safeguard and expand the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.We must respect the principal position of the people in the country's political life, give play to their creativity, protect their rights and interests, take the path of prosperity for all and promote their all-round development, to ensure that development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing in its fruits.——必須堅持全面協調可持續發展。要按照中國特色社會主義事業總體布局，全面推進經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設，促進現代化建設各個環節、各個方面相協調，促進生產關系與生產力、上層建筑與經濟基礎相協調。堅持生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路，建設資源節約型、環境友好型社會，實現速度和結構質量效益相統一、經濟發展與人口資源環境相協調，使人民在良好生態環境中生產生活，實現經濟社會永續發展。

——We must pursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.In accordance with the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we will promote all-round economic, political, cultural and social development, coordinate all links and aspects of our modernization drive, and balance the relations of production with the productive forces and the superstructure with the economic base.We must adopt an enlightened approach to development that results in expanded production, a better life and sound ecological and environmental conditions, and build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society that coordinates growth rate with the economic structure, quality and efficiency, and harmonizes economic growth with the population, resources and the environment, so that our people will live and work under sound ecological and environmental conditions and our economy and society will develop in a sustainable way.——必須堅持統籌兼顧。要正確認識和妥善處理中國特色社會主義事業中的重大關系，統籌城鄉發展、區域發展、經濟社會發展、人與自然和諧發展、國內發展和對外開放，統籌中央和地方關系，統籌個人利益和集體利益、局部利益和整體利益、當前利益和長遠利益，充分調動各方面積極性。統籌國內國際兩個大局，樹立世界眼光，加強戰略思維，善于從國際形勢發展變化中把握發展機遇、應對風險挑戰，營造良好國際環境。既要總攬全局、統籌規劃，又要抓住牽動全局的主要工作、事關群眾利益的突出問題，著力推進、重點突破。

——We must persist in overall consideration.We need to correctly understand and handle the major relationships in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and balance urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, relations between man and nature, and domestic development and opening to the outside world.We must take into overall consideration the relationships between the central and local authorities, between personal and collective interests, between interests of the part and those of the whole, and between immediate and long-term interests, so as to fully arouse the initiative of all sides.We must take both the domestic and international situations into consideration, develop a global and strategic perspective, be good at seizing opportunities for development and coping with risks and challenges in a changing world, and work far a favorable international environment.While planning our work from an overall perspective, we

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need to work hard to make breakthroughs on the key issues that affect the overall situation and on the major problems that affect public interests.深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，要求我們始終堅持“一個中心、兩個基本點”的基本路線。黨的基本路線是黨和國家的生命線，是實現科學發展的政治保證。以經濟建設為中心是興國之要，是我們黨、我們國家興旺發達和長治久安的根本要求；四項基本原則是立國之本，是我們黨、我們國家生存發展的政治基石；改革開放是強國之路，是我們黨、我們國家發展進步的活力源泉。要堅持把以經濟建設為中心同四項基本原則、改革開放這兩個基本點統一于發展中國特色社會主義的偉大實踐，任何時候都決不能動搖。

To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must always adhere to the Party's basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as ”one central task and two basic points.“ As the lifeblood of the Party and the country, this basic line provides the political guarantee for scientific development.Taking economic development as the central task is vital to invigorating our nation and is the fundamental requirement for the robust growth and lasting stability of the Party and the nation.The Four Cardinal Principles are the very foundation for building our country and the political cornerstone for the survival and development of the Party and the nation.Reform and opening up are the path to a stronger China and the source of vitality for the Party and the nation in development and progress.We will continue to apply the line of ”one central task and two basic points“ in its entirety in our great endeavor to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics;we will never deviate from this line.深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，要求我們積極構建社會主義和諧社會。社會和諧是中國特色社會主義的本質屬性。科學發展和社會和諧是內在統一的。沒有科學發展就沒有社會和諧，沒有社會和諧也難以實現科學發展。構建社會主義和諧社會是貫穿中國特色社會主義事業全過程的長期歷史任務，是在發展的基礎上正確處理各種社會矛盾的歷史過程和社會結果。要通過發展增加社會物質財富、不斷改善人民生活，又要通過發展保障社會公平正義、不斷促進社會和諧。實現社會公平正義是中國共產黨人的一貫主張，是發展中國特色社會主義的重大任務。要按照民主法治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的總要求和共同建設、共同享有的原則，著力解決人民最關心、最直接、最現實的利益問題，努力形成全體人民各盡其能、各得其所而又和諧相處的局面，為發展提供良好社會環境。

To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must work energetically to build a harmonious socialist society.Social harmony is an essential attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Scientific development and social harmony are integral to each other and neither is possible without the other.Building a harmonious socialist society is a historical mission throughout the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, as well as a historical process and the social outcome of correctly handling various social problems on the basis of development.It is through development that we will increase the material wealth of society and constantly improve people's lives, and it is again through development that we will guarantee social equity and justice and constantly promote social harmony.To realize social equity and justice is the Chinese Communists' consistent position and a major task of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.In accordance with the general requirements for democracy and the rule of law, equity and justice, honesty and fraternity, vigor and vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature and the principle of all the people building and sharing a harmonious socialist society, we will spare no effort to solve the mast specific problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people and strive to create a situation in which alI people do their best, find their proper places in society and live together in harmony, so as to provide a favorable social environment for development.深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，要求我們繼續深化改革開放。要把改革創新精神貫徹到治國理政各個環節，毫不動搖地堅持改革方向，提高改革決策的科學性，增強改革措施的協調性。要完善社會主義市場經濟體制，推進各方面體制改革創新，加快重要領域和關鍵環節改革步伐，全面提高開放水平，著力構建充滿活力、富有效率、更加開放、有利

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于科學發展的體制機制，為發展中國特色社會主義提供強大動力和體制保障。要堅持把改善人民生活作為正確處理改革發展穩定關系的結合點，使改革始終得到人民擁護和支持。

To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must continue to deepen reform and opening up.We need to incorporate the spirit of reform and innovation into all links of governance;unswervingly adhere to the orientation of reform, and have more scientific decision-making and better coordinated measures for reform.We will improve the socialist market economy, promote institutional reform and innovation in various sectors, accelerate reform in important fields and crucial links, improve opening up in all respects and make our systems and mechanisms full of vigor, highly efficient, more open and conducive to scientific development, so as to provide a powerful driving force and an institutional guarantee for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We will always take improving people's lives as a pivotal task in balancing reform, development and stability and ensure that our reform always has the endorsement and support of the people.深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，要求我們切實加強和改進黨的建設。要站在完成黨執政興國使命的高度，把提高黨的執政能力、保持和發展黨的先進性，體現到領導科學發展、促進社會和諧上來，落實到引領中國發展進步、更好代表和實現最廣大人民的根本利益上來，使黨的工作和黨的建設更加符合科學發展觀的要求，為科學發展提供可靠的政治和組織保障。

To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must strengthen our efforts to build the Party in earnest.As is required by the Party's lofty mission of governing and rejuvenating the nation, our efforts to improve the Party's governance capability and maintain and develop its vanguard nature must serve our task of directing scientific development, promoting social harmony, guiding development and progress in China arid better representing and realizing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.In this way, the Party's work and our efforts to build the Party will better meet the requirement of the Scientific Outlook on Development and provide a reliable political and organizational guarantee for scientific development.全黨同志要全面把握科學發展觀的科學內涵和精神實質，增強貫徹落實科學發展觀的自覺性和堅定性，著力轉變不適應不符合科學發展觀的思想觀念，著力解決影響和制約科學發展的突出問題，把全社會的發展積極性引導到科學發展上來，把科學發展觀貫徹落實到經濟社會發展各個方面。

All Party members must fully understand the content and grasp the essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development, be more conscious and determined in applying it, change notions that are not in line with it, work hard to solve major problems that affect or constrain scientific development, direct the whole society's enthusiasm for development to scientific development, and apply this outlook to every aspect of economic and social development.四、實現全面建設小康社會奮斗目標的新要求

IV.New Requirements for Attaining the Goal of Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects 我們已經朝著十六大確立的全面建設小康社會的目標邁出了堅實步伐，今后要繼續努力奮斗，確保到二0二0年實現全面建成小康社會的奮斗目標。

We have made steady progress toward the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects set at the Sixteenth Congress, and we will continue to work hard to ensure its attainment by 2020.我們必須適應國內外形勢的新變化，順應各族人民過上更好生活的新期待，把握經濟社會發展趨勢和規律，堅持中國特色社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設的基本目標和基本政策構成的基本綱領，在十六大確立的全面建設小康社會目標的基礎上對我國發展提出新的更高要求。

In keeping with changes in domestic and international situations and in light of the expectations of the people of all ethnic groups for a better life, we must follow the trend and laws of economic and social development, uphold the basic program consisting of the basic objectives and policies For economic, political, cultural and social development under socialism with

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Chinese characteristics, and set new and higher requirements for China's development on the basis of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects set at the Sixteenth Congress.——增強發展協調性，努力實現經濟又好又快發展。轉變發展方式取得重大進展，在優化結構、提高效益、降低消耗、保護環境的基礎上，實現人均國內生產總值到二0二0年比二000年翻兩番。社會主義市場經濟體制更加完善。自主創新能力顯著提高，科技進步對經濟增長的貢獻率大幅上升，進入創新型國家行列。居民消費率穩步提高，形成消費、投資、出口協調拉動的增長格局。城鄉、區域協調互動發展機制和主體功能區布局基本形成。社會主義新農村建設取得重大進展。城鎮人口比重明顯增加。

——Promote balanced development to ensure sound and rapid economic growth.The development pattern will be significantly transformed.We will quadruple the per capita GDP of the year 2000 by 2020 through optimizing the economic structure and improving economic returns while reducing consumption of resources and protecting the environment.The socialist market economy will be improved.We will greatly enhance our capacity for independent innovation, enabling scientific and technological advancement to contribute much more to economic growth and making China an innovative country.The ratio of consumption to GDP will increase steadily, and consumption, investment and export will be coordinated to boost economic growth.A mechanism for urban and rural areas and for different regions to have balanced and interactive development and a layout of development priority zones will be basically in place.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside will make significant headway.The proportion of urban residents will notably increase.——擴大社會主義民主，更好保障人民權益和社會公平正義。公民政治參與有序擴大。依法治國基本方略深入落實，全社會法制觀念進一步增強，法治政府建設取得新成效。基層民主制度更加完善。政府提供基本公共服務能力顯著增強。

——Expand socialist democracy and better safeguard the people's rights and interests as well as social equity and justice.Citizens' participation in.political affairs will expand in an orderly way.The rule of law will be carried out more thoroughly as a fundamental principle, public awareness of law will be further enhanced, and fresh progress will be made in government administration based on the rule of law.Primary-level democracy will be improved.The government will markedly enhance its capability of providing basic public services.——加強文化建設，明顯提高全民族文明素質。社會主義核心價值體系深入人心，良好思想道德風尚進一步弘揚。覆蓋全社會的公共文化服務體系基本建立，文化產業占國民經濟比重明顯提高、國際競爭力顯著增強，適應人民需要的文化產品更加豐富。

——Promote cultural development and notably enhance the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation.Socialist core values will prevail among the people, and fine ideological and ethical trends will be encouraged.A basic system of public cultural services will cover the whole society, the cultural industry will account for much more of the national economy and become more competitive internationally, and a more abundant supply of cultural products will be available to meet the people's needs.——加快發展社會事業，全面改善人民生活。現代國民教育體系更加完善，終身教育體系基本形成，全民受教育程度和創新人才培養水平明顯提高。社會就業更加充分。覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系基本建立，人人享有基本生活保障。合理有序的收入分配格局基本形成，中等收入者占多數，絕對貧困現象基本消除。人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。社會管理體系更加健全。

——Accelerate the development of social programs and improve every aspect of the people's well-being.The modern system of national education will be further improved, a basic system for lifelong education will be in place, the educational attainment of the whole nation will rise to a much higher level, and the training of innovative personnel will be improved markedly.Employment will be further expanded.A basic system of social security will cover both urban and rural residents so that everyone is assured of basic living standards.A reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution will be basically in

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place, with middle-income people making up the majority and absolute poverty basically eliminated.Everyone will have access to basic medical and health services.The system of social management will be further improved.——建設生態文明，基本形成節約能源資源和保護生態環境的產業結構、增長方式、消費模式。循環經濟形成較大規模，可再生能源比重顯著上升。主要污染物排放得到有效控制，生態環境質量明顯改善。生態文明觀念在全社會牢固樹立。

——Promote a conservation culture by basically forming an energy-and resource-efficient and environment-friendly structure of industries, pattern of growth and mode of consumption.We will have a large-scale circular economy and considerably increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption.The discharge of major pollutants will be brought under effective control and the ecological and environmental quality will improve notably.Awareness of conservation will be firmly established in the whole of society.到二0二0年全面建設小康社會目標實現之時，我們這個歷史悠久的文明古國和發展中社會主義大國，將成為工業化基本實現、綜合國力顯著增強、國內市場總體規模位居世界前列的國家，成為人民富裕程度普遍提高、生活質量明顯改善、生態環境良好的國家，成為人民享有更加充分民主權利、具有更高文明素質和精神追求的國家，成為各方面制度更加完善、社會更加充滿活力而又安定團結的國家，成為對外更加開放、更加具有親和力、為人類文明作出更大貢獻的國家。

When the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is attained by 2020, China, a large developing socialist country with an ancient civilization, will have basically accomplished industrialization, with its overall strength significantly increased and its domestic market ranking as one of the largest in the world.It will be a country whose people are better off and enjoy markedly improved quality of life and a good environment.Its citizens will have more extensive democratic rights, show higher ethical standards and look forward to greater cultural achievements.China will have better institutions in all areas and Chinese society will have greater vitality coupled with stability and unity.The country will be still more open and friendly to the outside world and make greater contributions to human civilization.今后五年是全面建設小康社會的關鍵時期。我們要堅定信心，埋頭苦干，為全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會打下更加牢固的基礎。

The following five years will be a crucial period for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We must enhance our confidence and work hard to lay a more solid foundation for success in building a moderately prosperous society of a higher level in all respects to the benefit of over one billion people.五、促進國民經濟又好又快發展

V.Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of the National Economy 實現未來經濟發展目標，關鍵要在加快轉變經濟發展方式、完善社會主義市場經濟體制方面取得重大進展。要大力推進經濟結構戰略性調整，更加注重提高自主創新能力、提高節能環保水平、提高經濟整體素質和國際競爭力。要深化對社會主義市場經濟規律的認識，從制度上更好發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，形成有利于科學發展的宏觀調控體系。

To attain the objectives for economic development, it is essential to significantly accelerate the transformation of the development pattern and improve the socialist market economy.We need to vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring and make greater efforts to improve China's capacity for independent innovation as well as energy and environmental conservation, and to enhance the overall quality of the economy and its international competitiveness.We need to deepen our understanding of the laws governing the socialist market economy, introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, and form a system of macroeconomic regulation conducive to scientific development.http://www.tmdps.cn 16

（一）提高自主創新能力，建設創新型國家。這是國家發展戰略的核心，是提高綜合國力的關鍵。要堅持走中國特色自主創新道路，把增強自主創新能力貫徹到現代化建設各個方面。認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，加大對自主創新投入，著力突破制約經濟社會發展的關鍵技術。加快建設國家創新體系，支持基礎研究、前沿技術研究、社會公益性技術研究。加快建立以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系，引導和支持創新要素向企業集聚，促進科技成果向現實生產力轉化。深化科技管理體制改革，優化科技資源配置，完善鼓勵技術創新和科技成果產業化的法制保障、政策體系、激勵機制、市場環境。實施知識產權戰略。充分利用國際科技資源。進一步營造鼓勵創新的環境，培養造就世界一流科學家和科技領軍人才，使創新智慧競相迸發、創新人才大量涌現。

1.Enhance China's capacity for independent innovation and make China an innovative country.This is the core of our national development strategy and a crucial link in enhancing the overall national strength.We need to keep to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and improve our capacity for independent innovation in all areas of modernization.We need to conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development(2006-20), increase spending on independent innovation, and make breakthroughs in key technologies vital to our economic and social development.We will speed up forming a national innovation system and support basic research, research in frontier technology and technological research for public welfare.We will step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guide and support the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces.We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, optimize the allocation of relevant resources, and improve the legal guarantee, policy system incentive mechanism and market conditions to encourage technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological achievements in production.We will implement the strategy for intellectual property rights.We will make the best use of international resources of science and technology.We will continue to create conditions conducive to innovation, train world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research, inspire creative wisdom and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel.二）加快轉變經濟發展方式，推動產業結構優化升級。這是關系國民經濟全局緊迫而重大的戰略任務。要堅持走中國特色新興工業化道路，堅持擴大國內需求特別是消費需求的方針，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變，由主要依靠第二產業帶動向依靠第一、第二、第三產業協同帶動轉變，由主要依靠增加物質資源消耗向主要依靠科技進步、勞動者素質提高、管理創新轉變。發展現代產業體系，大力推進信息化與工業化融合，促進工業由大變強，振興裝備制造業，淘汰落后生產能力；提升高新技術產業，發展信息、生物、新材料、航空航天、海洋等產業；發展現代服務業，提高服務業比重和水平；加強基礎產業基礎設施建設，加快發展現代能源產業和綜合運輸體系。確保產品質量和安全。鼓勵發展具有國際競爭力的大企業集團。

2.Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development and promote upgrading of the industrial structure.This is a pressing strategic task vital to the national economy as a whole.We must keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, pursue the policy of boosting domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, and propel three transitions in the mode of economic growth: the transition from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption, investment and export, the transition from secondary industry serving as the major driving farce to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly driving economic growth, and the transition from relying heavily on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in management.We will develop a modern industrial system, integrate IT application with industrialization, push our large industries to grove stronger, invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated production capacities.We will upgrade new-and high-technology industries and develop information, biotechnology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other industries.We will develop the modern

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service industry and raise the level of the service sector and its share in the economy.We will step up efforts to improve basic industries and infrastructure and accelerate development of a modern energy industry and a comprehensive transport system.We will ensure the quality and safety of products.We will encourage formation of internationally competitive conglomerates.（三）統籌城鄉發展，推進社會主義新農村建設。解決好農業、農村、農民問題，事關全面建設小康社會大局，必須始終作為全黨工作的重中之重。要加強農業基礎地位，走中國特色農業現代化道路，建立以工促農、以城帶鄉長效機制，形成城鄉經濟社會發展一體化新格局。堅持把發展現代農業、繁榮農村經濟作為首要任務，加強農村基礎設施建設，健全農村市場和農業服務體系。加大支農惠農政策力度，嚴格保護耕地，增加農業投入，促進農業科技進步，增強農業綜合生產能力，確保國家糧食安全。加強動植物疫病防控，提高農產品質量安全水平。以促進農民增收為核心，發展鄉鎮企業，壯大縣域經濟，多渠道轉移農民就業。提高扶貧開發水平。深化農村綜合改革，推進農村金融體制改革和創新，改革集體林權制度。堅持農村基本經營制度，穩定和完善土地承包關系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經營權流轉市場，有條件的地方可以發展多種形式的適度規模經營。探索集體經濟有效實現形式，發展農民專業合作組織，支持農業產業化經營和龍頭企業發展。培育有文化、懂技術、會經營的新型農民，發揮億萬農民建設新農村的主體作用。

3.Balance urban and rural development and build a new socialist countryside.As resolution of issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers has an overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must always make it a top priority in the work of the whole Party.We will strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy, take a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, set up a permanent mechanism of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas helping rural areas, and form a new pattern that integrates economic and social development in urban and rural areas.We will continue to take developing modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task, strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural markets and that of services for agriculture.We will increase policy measures to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect arable land, increase spending on agriculture, promote advances in agriculture-related science and technology, and improve overall agricultural production capacity to ensure food security for the nation.We will intensify efforts to prevent and control animal and plant epidemic diseases and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.To increase farmers' income, we will develop rural enterprises, expand county economies, and transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels.We will enhance poverty reduction through development.We will deepen the comprehensive rural reform, promote reform and innovation in the rural banking system, and reform the system of collective forest rights.We will uphold the basic system for rural operations, stabilize and improve land contract relations, improve the market for transferring land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and on a voluntary and compensatory basis, and develop various forms of appropriate large-scale operations where conditions permit.We will explore effective forms of collective economic operations, develop specialized farmers' cooperatives, and support the industrialized operation of agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses.We will train a new type of farmers who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management, and encourage hundreds of millions of farmers to play the major role in building a new countryside.（四）加強能源資源節約和生態環境保護，增強可持續發展能力。堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，關系人民群眾切身利益和中華民族生存發展。必須把建設資源節約型、環境友好型社會放在工業化、現代化發展戰略的突出位置，落實到每個單位、每個家庭。要完善有利于節約能源資源和保護生態環境的法律和政策，加快形成可持續發展體制機制。落實節能減排工作責任制。開發和推廣節約、替代、循環利用的先進適用技術，發展清潔能源和可再生能源，保護土地和水資源，建設科學合理的能源資源利用體系，提高能源資源利用效率。發展環保產業。加大節能環保投入，重點加強水、大氣、土壤等污染防治，改善城鄉人居環境。加強水利、林業、草原建設，促進生態修復。加強應對氣候變化能力建設，為保護全球氣候作出新貢獻。

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4.Improve energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation and enhance China's capacity for sustainable development.Adhering to the basic state policy of conserving resources and the environment is vital to the immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the Chinese nation.We must give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and get every organization and family to act accordingly.We will improve laws and policies to promote energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation, and speed up the formation of systems and mechanisms for sustainable development.We will implement the responsibility system for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We will develop and extend advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and recycling energy and resources, develop clean and renewable energy sources, protect land and water resources and set up a scientific, rational system for using energy and resources more efficiently.We will develop environmental conservation industries.We will increase spending on energy and environmental conservation with the focus on intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution and improving the living environment for both urban and rural residents.We will improve water conservancy, forestry and grasslands and promote restoration of the ecosystems.We will enhance our capacity to respond to climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.（五）推動區域協調發展，優化國土開發格局。縮小區域發展差距，必須注重實現基本公共服務均等化，引導生產要素跨區域合理流動。要繼續實施區域發展總體戰略，深入推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展。加強國土規劃，按照形成主體功能區的要求，完善區域政策，調整經濟布局。遵循市場經濟規律，突破行政區劃界限，形成若干帶動力強、聯系緊密的經濟圈和經濟帶。重大項目布局要充分考慮支持中西部發展，鼓勵東部地區帶動和幫助中西部地區發展。加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展扶持力度。幫助資源枯竭地區實現經濟轉型。更好發揮經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放和自主創新中的重要作用。走中國特色城鎮化道路，按照統籌城鄉、布局合理、節約土地、功能完善、以大帶小的原則，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。以增強綜合承載能力為重點，以特大城市為依托，形成輻射作用大的城市群，培育新的經濟增長極。

5.Promote balanced development among regions and improve the pattern of land development.To narrow the gap in development among regions, we must work to ensure their equal access to basic public services and guide a rational flow of factors of production between regions.Following the general strategy for regional development, we will continue to carry out large-scale development of the western region, rejuvenate northeast China and other old industrial bases in an all-round way, boost the development of the central region and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will strengthen land planning, improve policies for regional development and adjust the geographical distribution of economic operations in accordance with the requirement to form development priority zones.In compliance with the laws governing the market economy, we will work beyond administrative divisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims and belts that will provide a strong impetus to the development of other areas.In locating major projects, we must give full consideration to supporting development of the central and western regions and encourage the eastern region to help them develop.We will give more support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.We will help transform the economies of areas where natural resources are exhausted.We will have the special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin play a major role in reform, opening up and independent innovation.Taking a path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we will promote balanced development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns on the principle of balancing urban and rural development, ensuring rational distribution, saving land, providing a full range of functions and getting larger cities to help smaller ones.Focusing on increasing the overall carrying capacity of cities, we will form city clusters with megacities as the core so that they can boost development in other areas and become new poles of economic growth.http://www.tmdps.cn 19

（六）完善基本經濟制度，健全現代市場體系。堅持和完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，堅持平等保護物權，形成各種所有制經濟平等競爭、相互促進新格局。深化國有企業公司制股份制改革，健全現代企業制度，優化國有經濟布局和結構，增強國有經濟活力、控制力、影響力。深化壟斷行業改革，引入競爭機制，加強政府監管和社會監督。加強建設國有資本經營預算制度。完善各類國有資產管理體制和制度。推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟、合作經濟。推進公平準入，改善融資條件，破除體制障礙，促進個體、私營經濟和中小企業發展。以現代產權制度為基礎，發展混合所有制經濟。加快形成統一開放競爭有序的現代市場體系，發展各類生產要素市場，完善反映市場供求關系、資源稀缺程度、環境損害成本的生產要素和資源價格形成機制，規范發展行業協會和市場中介組織，健全社會信用體系。

6.Improve the basic economic system and the modern market system.We need to uphold and improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and different economic sectors develop side by side, unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector, ensure equal protection of property rights, and create a new situation in which all economic sectors compete on an equal footing and reinforce each other.We will deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in state-owned enterprises, improve the modern corporate structure and optimize the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy to enhance its dynamism, dominance and influence.We will deepen the reform of industries by introducing competition, and strengthen government regulation and public oversight of them.We will accelerate development of a budget system for managing state capital and improve systems and regulations for managing all types of state assets.We will press ahead with the reform of collective-owned enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will promote equitable market access, improve the development of individually-owned businesses and private companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop the economic sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights.We will accelerate the formation of a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition, develop markets for factors of production, improve the pricing mechanism for factors of production and resources to reflect changes in market supply and demand, resource scarcities and environmental costs, regulate and develop industry associations and market-based intermediaries, and improve the social credibility system.（七）深化財稅、金融等體制改革，完善宏觀調控體系。圍繞推進基本公共服務均等化和主體功能區建設，完善公共財政體系。深化預算制度改革，強化預算管理，健全中央和地方財力與事權相匹配的體制，加快形成統一規范透明的財政轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例，加大公共服務領域投入。完善省以下財政體制，增強基層政府提供公共服務能力。實行有利于科學發展的財稅制度，建立健全資源有償使用制度和生態環境補償機制。推進金融體制改革，發展各類金融市場，形成多種所有制和多種經營形式、結構合理、功能完善、高效安全的現代金融體系。提高銀行業、政權業、保險業競爭力。優化資本市場結構，多渠道提高直接融資比重。加強和改進金融監管，防范和化解金融風險。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，逐步實現資本項目可兌換。深化投資體制改革，健全和嚴格市場準入制度。完善國家規劃體系。發揮國家發展規劃、計劃、產業政策在宏觀調控中的導向作用，綜合運用財政、貨幣政策，提高宏觀調控水平。

7.Deepen fiscal, taxation and financial restructuring and improve macroeconomic regulation.We will improve the public finance system as we work to ensure equal access to basic public services and establish development priority zones.We need to deepen reform of the budget system, tighten budgetary management, improve the system whereby both the central and local governments have financial resources proportionate to their duties and responsibilities, accelerate the establishment of a unified, standardized and transparent system for transfer payments, enlarge the size and proportion of general transfer payments, and increase input in public services.We will improve fiscal systems at and below the provincial level to enhance the capacity of county and township governments to provide public services.We will adopt fiscal and taxation systems conducive to

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scientific development and set up sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the ecological environment.We will proceed with financial reforms to develop various types of financial markets and build a modern financial System that is inclusive of different forms of ownership and different ways of operation and that features a reasonable structure, complete functions, efficiency and security.We will make our banking, securities and insurance industries more competitive.We will improve the structure of the capital market and raise the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels.We will strengthen financial supervision and control, and forestall and defuse financial risks.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime and gradually make the RMB convertible under capital accounts.We will deepen reform of the investment system and improve and strictly enforce market access rules.We will improve the state planning system.We will give play to the guiding role of national development plans, programs and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation and combine the use of fiscal and monetary policies to improve macroeconomic regulation.（八）拓展對外開放廣度和深度，提高開放型經濟水平。堅持對外開放的基本國策，把“引進來”和“走出去”更好結合起來，擴大開放領域，優化開放結構，提高開放質量，完善內外聯動、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經濟體系，形成經濟全球化條件下參與國際經濟合作和競爭新優勢。深化沿海開放，加快內地開放，提升沿邊開放，實現對內對外開放相互促進。加快轉變外貿增長方式，立足以質取勝，調整進出口結構，促進加工貿易轉型升級，大力發展服務貿易。創新利用外資方式，優化利用外資結構，發揮利用外資在推動自主創新、產業升級、區域協調發展等方面的積極作用。創新對外投資和合作方式，支持企業在研發、生產、銷售等方面開展國際化經營，加快培育我國的跨國公司和國際知名品牌。積極開展國際能源資源互利合作。實施自由貿易區戰略，加強雙邊多邊經貿合作。采取綜合措施促進國際收支基本平衡。注重防范國際經濟風險。

8.Expand opening up in scope and depth and improve our open economy.Adhering to the basic state policy of opening up, we will better integrate our ”bring in“ and ”go global“ strategies, expand the areas of opening up, optimize its structure, raise its quality, and turn our open economy into one in which domestic development and opening to the outside world interact and Chinese businesses and their foreign counterparts engage in win-win cooperation, and one that features security and efficiency, in order to gain new advantages for China in international economic cooperation and competition amid economic globalization.We will deepen the opening up of coastal areas, accelerate that of inland areas 'and upgrade that of border areas, so that opening up at home and opening to the outside world will promote each other.We will expedite transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, stress quality, adjust the mix of imports and exports, promote transformation-and upgrading of processing trade, and energetically develop service trade.We will make innovations in the way of using foreign capital, improve the structure of foreign investment utilized, and let the use of foreign capital play a positive role in facilitating independent innovation, industrial upgrading and balanced development among regions.We will make innovations in our way of overseas investment and cooperation, support domestic enterprises in carrying out international operations of R&D, production and marketing, and accelerate the growth of Chinese multinational corporations and Chinese brand names in the world market.We will vigorously carry out mutually beneficial international cooperation in energy and resources.We will implement a strategy of free trade zones and expand bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation.We will adopt comprehensive measures to maintain a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments.We must guard against international economic risks.實現國民經濟又好又快發展，必將進一步增強我國經濟實力，彰顯社會主義市場經濟的強大生機活力。

By ensuring sound and rapid growth of the economy, we will further enhance China's economic strength, and enable our socialist market economy to exhibit its great vitality.六、堅定不移發展社會主義民主政治

VI.Unswervingly Developing Socialist Democracy

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人民民主是社會主義的生命。發展社會主義民主政治是我們黨始終不渝的奮斗目標。改革開放以來，我們積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，我國社會主義民主政治展現出更加旺盛的生命力。政治體制改革作為我國全面改革的重要組成部分，必須隨著經濟社會發展而不斷深化，與人民政治參與積極性不斷提高相適應。要堅持中國特色社會主義政治發展道路，堅持黨的領導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統一，堅持和完善人民代表大會制度、中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度以及基層群眾自治制度，不斷推進社會主義政治制度自我完善和發展。

People’s democracy is the lifeblood of socialism.The Party has been consistently pursuing the goal of developing socialist democracy.Since China began its reform and opening up, we have made vigorous yet steady efforts to promote political restructuring, and socialist democracy has demonstrated greater vitality in the country.As an important part of the overall reform, political restructuring must be constantly deepened along with economic and social development to adapt to the growing enthusiasm of the people for participation in political affairs.We must keep to the path of political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, and integrate the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law.We must uphold and improve the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of self-governance at the primary level of society.All this will promote continuous self-improvement and development of the socialist political system.深化政治體制改革，必須堅持正確政治方向，以保證人民當家作主為根本，以增強黨和國家活力、調動人民積極性為目標，擴大社會主義民主，建設社會主義法治國家，發展社會主義政治文明。要堅持黨總攬全局、協調各方的領導核心作用，提高黨科學執政、民主執政、依法執政水平，保證黨領導人民有效治理國家；堅持國家一切權力屬于人民，從各個層次、各個領域擴大公民有序政治參與，最廣泛地動員和組織人民依法管理國家事務和社會事務、管理經濟和文化事業；堅持依法治國基本方略，樹立社會主義法治理念，實現國家各項工作法治化，保障公民合法權益；堅持社會主義政治制度的特點和優勢，推進社會主義民主政治制度化、規范化、程序化，為黨和國家長治久安提供政治和法律制度保障。

In deepening political restructuring, we must keep to the correct political orientation.On the basis of ensuring the people's position as masters of the country, we will expand socialist democracy, build a socialist country under the rule of law and develop socialist political civilization to enhance the vitality of the Party and the state and arouse the initiative of the people.We must uphold the Party's role as the core of leadership in directing the overall situation and coordinating the efforts of all quarters, and improve its capacity for scientific, democratic and law-based governance to ensure that the Party leads the people in effectively governing the country.We must ensure that all power of the state belongs to the people, expand the citizens' orderly participation in political affairs at each level and in every field, and mobilize and organize the people as extensively as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural programs in accordance with the law.We must uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle and adopt the socialist concept of law-based governance to ensure that all work of the state is based on the law and that the legitimate rights and interests of citizens are safeguarded.We must maintain the features and advantages of the socialist political system and define institutions, standards and procedures for socialist democracy to provide political and legal guarantees of lasting stability for the Party and the country.（一）擴大人民民主，保證人民當家作主。人民當家作主是社會主義民主政治的本質和核心。要健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權。支持人民代表大會依法履行職能，善于使黨的主張通過法定程序成為國家意志；保障人大代表依法行使職權，密切人大代表同人民的聯系，建議逐步實行城鄉按相同人口比例選舉人大代表；加強人大常委會制度建設，優化組成人員知識結構和年齡結構。支持人民政協圍繞團結和民主兩大主題履行職能，推進政治協商、民主監督、參政議政制度建設；把政治協商納入決策程序，完善民主監督機制，提高參政議政實效；加強政協自身建設，發揮協調關系、匯聚力量、建言獻策、服務大局的重要作用。堅持各民族一律平等，保證民族自治地方依法行使自治權。推進

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決策科學化、民主化，完善決策信息和智力支持系統，增強決策透明度和公眾參與度，制定與群眾利益密切相關的法律法規和公共政策原則上要公開聽取意見。加強公民意識教育，樹立社會主義民主法制、自由平等、公平正義理念。支持工會、共青團、婦聯等人民團體依照法律和各自章程開展工作，參與社會管理和公共服務，維護群眾合法權益。

1.Expand people's democracy and ensure that they are masters of the country.The essence and core of socialist democracy are that the people are masters of the country.We need to improve institutions for democracy, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we need to carry out democratic election, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to guarantee the people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and to oversee.We must support people's congresses in performing their functions pursuant to law and effectively turn the Party's propositions into the will of the state through legal procedures.We must ensure that deputies to people's congresses exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the law and maintain close ties with the general public.We propose that both urban and rural areas gradually adapt the same ratio of deputies to the represented population in elections of deputies to people's congresses.We must strengthen the institutions of standing committees of people's congresses and improve their membership composition in terms of intellectual background and age.We will support the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in performing its functions centered on the two major themes of unity and democracy and improve the system of political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs.We will incorporate political consultation in decision-making procedures, improve democratic oversight and ensure that the CPPCC participates in the deliberation and administration of state affairs more effectively.The CPPCC is encouraged to improve itself and play its important role in coordinating relations, pooling strengths, making proposals and serving the overall interests of the country.We must ensure equality among all ethnic groups and guarantee the right of ethnic autonomous areas to exercise autonomy pursuant to law.To ensure scientific and democratic decision-making, we will improve the information and intellectual support for it, increase its transparency and expand public participation in it.In principle, public hearings must be held for the formulation of laws, regulations and policies that bear closely on the interests of the public.We need to step up education about citizenship and establish socialist concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We support trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women's federations and other people's organizations in functioning in accordance with the law and their respective charters, participating in social management and public services and helping protect the people's legitimate rights and interests.（二）發展基層民主，保障人民享有更多更切實的民主權利。人民依法直接行使民主權利，管理基層公共事務和公益事業，實行自我管理、自我服務、自我教育、自我監督，對干部實行民主監督，是人民當家作主最有效、最廣泛的途徑，必須作為發展社會主義民主政治的基礎性工程重點推進。要健全基層黨組織領導的充滿活力的基層群眾自治機制，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，完善民主管理制度，把城鄉社區建設成為管理有序、服務完善、文明祥和的社會生活共同體。全心全意依靠工人階級，完善以職工代表大會為基本形式的企事業單位民主管理制度，推進廠務公開，支持職工參與管理，維護職工合法權益。深化鄉鎮機構改革，加強基層政權建設，完善政務公開、村務公開等制度，實現政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動。發揮社會組織在擴大群眾參與、反映群眾訴求方面的積極作用，增強社會自治功能。

2.Develop primary-level democracy and ensure that the people enjoy democratic rights in a more extensive and practical way.The most effective and extensive way for the people to be masters of the country is that they directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law to manage public affairs and public service programs at the primary level, practice self-management, self-service self-education and self-oversight, and exercise democratic oversight over cadres.Such practices must be emphasized and promoted as the groundwork for developing socialist democracy.We need to improve the dynamic mechanism of people's self-governance at the primary level under the leadership of primary Party organizations, expand the scope of self-governance, and improve the institution for democratic management, with a view to turning urban and

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rural neighborhoods into communities of social life that are well managed, supported by complete services, and filled with civility and harmony.We must rely wholeheartedly on the working class, improve the democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with workers' conferences as its basic form and increase transparency in factory affairs to support workers' participation in management and to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.We need to deepen institutional reforms at the town and township level to strengthen government authorities there and improve the systems for transparency in government and village affairs to bring about effective connection and beneficial interaction between government administration and primary-level self-governance.We also encourage social organizations to help expand the participation by the public and report on their petitions to improve the self-governance capability of society.（三）全面落實依法治國基本方略，加快建設社會主義法治國家。依法治國是社會主義民主政治的基本要求。要堅持科學立法、民主立法，完善中國特色社會主義法律體系。加強憲法和法律實施，堅持公民在法律面前一律平等，維護社會公平正義，維護社會主義法制的統一、尊嚴、權威。推進依法行政。深化司法體制改革，優化司法職權配置，規范司法行為，建設公正高效權威的社會主義司法制度，保證審判機關、檢察機關依法獨立公正地行使審判權、檢察權。加強政法隊伍建設，做到嚴格、公正、文明執法。深入開展法制宣傳教育，弘揚法治精神，形成自覺學法守法用法的社會氛圍。尊重和保障人權，依法保證全體社會成員平等參與、平等發展的權利。各級黨組織和全體黨員要自覺在憲法和法律范圍內活動，帶頭維護憲法和法律的權威。

3.Comprehensively implement the rule of law as a fundamental principle and speed up the building of a socialist country under the rule of law.The rule of law constitutes the essential requirement of socialist democracy.We must persist in scientific and democratic legislation to improve the socialist law system with Chinese characteristics.We will strengthen the enforcement of the Constitution and laws, ensure that all citizens are equal before the law, and safeguard social equity and justice and the consistency, sanctity and authority of the socialist legal system.We need to carry out government administration in accordance with the law.We need to deepen the reform of the judiciary system, optimize the distribution of judicial functions and powers, standardize judicial practices, and build a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist judiciary system to ensure that courts and procuratorates exercise their respective powers independently and impartially in accordance with the law.We need to improve the overall quality of judicial, procuratorial and public security personnel to ensure that law enforcement is strict, impartial and civilized.We need to step up the education campaign to increase public awareness of law, and promote the spirit of the rule of law, creating a social environment in which people study, abide by and apply laws of their own accord.We must respect and safeguard human rights, and ensure the equal right to participation and development for all members of society in accordance with the law.Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must act under the Constitution and laws on their own initiative and take the lead in upholding the authority of the Constitution and laws.（四）壯大愛國統一戰線，團結一切可以團結的力量。促進政黨關系、民族關系、宗教關系、階層關系、海內外同胞關系的和諧，對于增進團結、凝聚力量具有不可替代的作用。要貫徹長期共存、互相監督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共的方針，加強同民主黨派合作共事，支持民主黨派和無黨派人士更好履行參政議政、民主監督職能，選拔和推薦更多優秀黨外干部擔任領導職務。牢牢把握各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展的主題，保障少數民族合法權益，鞏固和發展平等團結協助和諧的社會主義民族關系。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。鼓勵新的社會階層人士積極投身中國特色社會主義建設。支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。

4.Expand the patriotic united front and unite with all forces that can be united.Promoting harmony in relations between political parties, between ethnic groups, between religions, between social strata, and between our compatriots at home and overseas plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing unity and pooling strengths.Acting on the principle of long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincere treatment of each other and the sharing of weal and woe, we will strengthen our cooperation with the democratic parties, support them and personages without party affiliation in better performing their

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functions of participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs and democratic oversight, and select and recommend a greater number of outstanding non-CPC persons for leading positions.Keeping in mind the objective of all ethnic groups working together for common prosperity and development, we must guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and strengthen and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will fully implement the Party's basic principle for its work related to religious affairs and bring into play the positive role of religious personages and believers in promoting economic and social development.We encourage members of emerging social strata to take an active part in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.We support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in caring about and participating in the modernization drive and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.（五）加快行政管理體制改革，建設服務型政府。行政管理體制改革是深化改革的重要環節。要抓緊制定行政管理體制改革總體方案，著力轉變職能、理順關系、優化結構、提高效能，形成權責一致、分工合理、決策科學、執行順暢、監督有力的行政管理體制。健全政府職責體系，完善公共服務體系，推行電子政務，強化社會管理和公共服務。加快推進政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政府與市場中介組織分開，規范行政行為，加強行政執法部門建設，減少和規范行政審批，減少政府對微觀經濟運行的干預。規范垂直管理部門和地方政府的關系。加大機構整合力度，探索實行職能有機統一的大部門體制，健全部門間協調配合機制。精簡和規范各類議事協調機構及其辦事機構，減少行政層次，降低行政成本，著力解決機構重疊、職責交叉、政出多門問題。統籌黨委、政府和人大、政協機構設置，減少領導職數，嚴格控制編制。加快推進事業單位分類改革。

5.Accelerate the reform of the administrative system and build a service-oriented government.The administrative reform is an important part of the efforts to deepen China's overall reform.We must lose no time in working out a master plan for it, with the focus on changing functions, straightening out relations, optimizing the setup and raising efficiency, and bring about a system which matches powers with responsibilities, divides work in a rational way, fosters scientific decision-making, and ensures smooth enforcement and effective oversight.We need to improve the government responsibility system and the public service system, promote e-government and strengthen social management and public services.We will accelerate the separation of the functions of the government from those of enterprises, state assets management authorities, public institutions and market-based intermediaries, standardize administrative practices, strengthen administrative law-enforcement agencies, reduce the number of matters requiring administrative examination and approval and standardize such procedures, and reduce government intervention in microeconomic operations.We will standardize the relationship between local departments directly under central government organs and local governments.We will step up our efforts to streamline government organs, explore ways to establish greater departments with integrated functions, and improve the mechanism of coordination and collaboration between government departments.We will downsize and standardize various organs for deliberation and coordination and their working offices, cut down levels of administration, minimize its costs, and address the problems of overlapping organizations and functions and conflicting policies from different departments.We will give overall consideration to the setup of Party committees and governments as well as that of people's congresses and CPPCC committees, reduce the number of their leading positions and strictly control their staffing.We will step up the restructuring of different categories of public institutions.（六）完善制約和監督機制，保證人民賦予的權力始終用來為人民謀利益。確保權力正確行使，必須讓權力在陽光下運行。要堅持用制度管權、管事、管人，建立健全決策權、執行權、監督權既相互制約又相互協調的權力結構和運行機制。健全組織法制和程序規則，保證國家機關按照法定權限和程序行使權力、履行職責。完善各類公開辦事制度，提高政府工作透明度和公信力。重點加強對領導干部特別是主要領導干部、人財物管理使用、關鍵崗位的監督，健全質詢、問責、經濟責任審計、引咎辭職、罷免等制度。落實黨內監督條例，加強民主監督，發揮好輿論監督作用，增強監督合力和實效。

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6.Improve the mechanism of restraint and oversight and ensure that power entrusted by the people is always exercised in their interests.Power must be exercised in the sunshine to ensure that it is exercised correctly.We must have institutions to govern power, work and personnel, and establish a sound structure of power and a mechanism for its operation in which decision-making, enforcement and oversight powers check each other and function in coordination.We will improve organic laws and rules of procedure to ensure that state organs exercise their powers and perform their functions and responsibilities within their statutory jurisdiction and in accordance with legal procedures.We will improve the open administrative system in various areas and increase transparency in government work, thus enhancing the people's trust in the government.We will focus on tightening oversight over leading cadres and especially principal ones, over the management and use of human, financial and material resources, and over key positions.We will improve the systems of inquiries, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and recall.We will implement the intra-Party oversight regulations, strengthen democratic oversight and give scope to the oversight role of public opinion, pooling forces of oversight from all sides to make it more effective.社會主義愈發展，民主也愈發展。在發展中國特色社會主義的歷史進程中，中國共產黨人和中國人民一定能夠不斷發展具有強大生命力的社會主義民主政治。

Democracy will keep developing along with the progress of socialism.In the historical course of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists and the Chinese people will surely advance socialist democracy that is full of vitality.七、推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮

VII.Promoting Vigorous Development and Prosperity of Socialist Culture 當今時代，文化越來越成為民族凝聚力和創造力的重要源泉、越來越成為綜合國力競爭的重要因素，豐富精神文化生活越來越成為我國人民的熱切愿望。要堅持社會主義先進文化前進方向，興起社會主義文化建設新高潮，激發全民族文化創造活力，提高國家文化軟實力，使人民基本文化權益得到更好保障，使社會文化生活更加豐富多彩，使人民精神風貌更加昂揚向上。

In the present era, culture has become a more and more important source of national cohesion and creativity and a factor of growing significance in the competition in overall national strength, and the Chinese people have an increasingly ardent desire for a richer cultural life.We must keep to the orientation of advanced socialist culture, bring about a new upsurge in socialist cultural development, stimulate the cultural creativity of the whole nation, and enhance culture as part of the soft power of our country to better guarantee the people's basic cultural rights and interests, enrich the cultural life in Chinese society and inspire the enthusiasm of the people for progress.（一）建設社會主義核心價值體系，增強社會主義意識形態的吸引力和凝聚力。社會主義核心價值體系是社會主義意識形態的本質體現。要鞏固馬克思主義指導地位，堅持不懈地用馬克思主義中國化最新成果武裝全黨、教育人民，用中國特色社會主義共同理想凝聚力量，用以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創新為核心的時代精神鼓舞斗志，用社會主義榮辱觀引領風尚，鞏固全黨全國各族人民團結奮斗的共同思想基礎。大力推進理論創新，不斷賦予當代中國馬克思主義鮮明的實踐特色、民族特色、時代特色。開展中國特色社會主義理論體系宣傳普及活動，推動當代中國馬克思主義大眾化。推進馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程，深入回答重大理論和實際問題，培養造就一批馬克思主義理論家特別是中青年理論家。切實把社會主義核心價值體系融入國民教育和精神文明建設全過程，轉化為人民的自覺追求。積極探索用社會主義核心價值體系引領社會思潮的有效途徑，主動做好意識形態工作，既尊重差異、包容多樣，又有力抵制各種錯誤和腐朽思想的影響。繁榮發展哲學社會科學，推進學科體系、學術觀點、科研方法創新，鼓勵哲學社會科學界為黨和人民事業發揮思想庫作用，推動我國哲學社會科學優秀成果和優秀人才走向世界。

1.Build up the system of socialist core values and make socialist ideology more attractive and cohesive.The system of socialist core values represents the essence of socialist ideology.We must consolidate the guiding position of Marxism，http://www.tmdps.cn 26

persistently arm the whole Party with and educate the people in the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, rally the people with our common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, inspire the people with patriotism-centered national spirit and with the spirit of the times centering on reform and innovation, guide social ethos with the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and solidify the common ideological basis of the joint endeavor of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.We will make every effort to carry out theoretical innovation and give Marxism of contemporary China distinct characters of practice, of the Chinese nation and of the times.We will publicize the theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and take Marxism of contemporary China to the general public.We will carry on the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory to provide in-depth answers to major theoretical and practical questions and to bring up a group of Marxist theoreticians, especially young and middle-aged ones.We will incorporate the socialist core values into all stages of national education and the entire process of cultural and ethical progress to make them the targets pursued by the people of their own accord.We will explore effective ways of letting the system of socialist core values guide trends of thought and take the initiative in ideological work, respecting divergence and allowing diversity while effectively resisting the influence of erroneous and decadent ideas.We will develop philosophy and social sciences, promoting innovation in academic disciplines, academic viewpoints and research methods.We encourage people working in these fields to serve as a think tank for the cause of the Party and the people, and we will introduce related outstanding achievements and distinguished scholars to the world arena.（二）建設和諧文化，培育文明風尚。和諧文化是全體人民團結進步的重要精神支撐。要積極發展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術事業，堅持正確導向，弘揚社會正氣。重視城鄉、區域文化協調發展，著力豐富農村、偏遠地區、進城務工人員的精神文化生活。加強網絡文化建設和管理，營造良好網絡環境。大力弘揚愛國主義、集體主義、社會主義思想，以增強誠信意識為重點，加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德、個人品德建設，發揮道德模范榜樣作用，引導人民自覺履行法定義務、社會責任、家庭責任。加強和改進思想政治工作，注重人文關懷和心理疏導，用正確方式處理人際關系。動員社會各方面共同做好青少年思想道德教育工作，為青少年健康成長創造良好社會環境。深入開展群眾性精神文明創建活動，完善社會志愿服務體系，形成男女平等、尊老愛幼、互愛互助、見義勇為的社會風尚。弘揚科學精神，普及科學知識。廣泛開展全民健身運動。辦好二00八年奧運會、殘奧會和二0一0年世博會。

2.Foster a culture of harmony and cultivate civilized practices.A culture of harmony provides important intellectual support for the unity and progress of all our people.We must step up the development of the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature and art, give correct guidance to the public and foster healthy social trends.We must balance cultural development between urban and rural areas and among different regions, focusing on enriching the cultural life in rural and remote areas and of rural migrant workers in cities.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture and foster a good cyber environment.We will promote patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideology.With the emphasis on enhancing people's awareness of integrity, we will promote social ethics, professional codes of conduct, family virtues and individual morality, let paragons of virtue serve as role models for society, and guide people in conscientiously carrying out legal obligations and social and family responsibilities.We will strengthen and improve our ideological and political work, paying attention to compassionate care and psychological counseling and correctly handling interpersonal relations.We will mobilize all sectors of society in doing a good job of ideological and moral education among young people and create a favorable environment for their healthy development.We will carry out intensive activities to promote cultural and ethical progress among the public, improve the system of voluntary public services, and encourage practices such as upholding gender equality, respecting the elderly, caring for the young, showing concern for and helping each other and corning to the rescue of others even at risk to oneself.We will promote the scientific spirit and spread scientific knowledge.We will launch extensive public fitness programs and ensure the success of the 2008 Olympic Games and the Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai.http://www.tmdps.cn 27

（三）弘揚中華文化，建設中華民族共有精神家園。中華文化是中華民族生生不息、團結奮進的不竭動力。要全面認識祖國傳統文化，取其精華，去其糟粕，使之于當代社會相適應、與現代文明相協調，保持民族性，體現時代性。加強中華優秀文化傳統教育，運用現代科技手段開發利用民族文化豐富資源。加強對各民族文化的挖掘和保護，重視文物和非物質文化遺產保護，做好文化典籍整理工作。加強對外文化交流，吸收各國優秀文明成果，增強中華文化國際影響力。

3.Promote Chinese culture and build the common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.Chinese culture has been an unfailing driving force for the Chinese nation to keep its unity and make progress from generation to generation.We must have a comprehensive understanding of traditional Chinese culture, keep its essence and discard its dross to enable it to fit in with present-day society, stay in harmony with modern civilization, keep its national character and reflect changes of the times.We will further publicize the fine traditions of Chinese culture and use modern means of science and technology to exploit the rich resources of our national culture.We will explore and better protect the cultures of all ethnic groups, attach great importance to the protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage and do a good job collating ancient books and records.We will also strengthen international cultural exchanges to draw on the fine achievements of foreign cultures and enhance the influence of Chinese culture worldwide.（四）推進文化創新，增強文化發展活力。在時代的高起點上推動文化內容形式、體制機制、傳播手段創新，解放和發展文化生產力，是繁榮文化的必由之路。要堅持為人民服務、為社會主義服務的方向和百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針，貼近實際、貼近生活、貼近群眾，始終把社會效益放在首位，做到經濟效益與社會效益相統一。創作更多反映人民主體地位和現實生活、群眾喜聞樂見的優秀精神文化產品。深化文化體制改革，完善扶持公益性文化事業、發展文化產業、鼓勵文化創新的政策，營造有利于出精品、出人才、出效益的環境。堅持把發展公益性文化事業作為保障人民基本文化權益的主要途徑，加大投入力度，加強社區和鄉村文化設施建設；大力發展文化產業，實施重大文化產業項目帶動戰略，加快文化產業基地和區域性特色文化產業群建設，培育文化產業骨干企業和戰略投資者，繁榮文化市場，增強國際競爭力。運用高新技術創新文化生活方式，培育新的文化業態，加快構建傳輸快捷、覆蓋廣泛的文化傳播體系。設立國家榮譽制度，表彰有杰出貢獻的文化工作者。

4.Stimulate cultural innovation and enhance the vitality of cultural development.The only way to invigorate culture is to promote innovation in its content and form, its structure and mechanism, and its means of dissemination from the high staring point of our times and release and develop its productive forces.We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism, uphold the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and maintain close contact with reality, life and the public.We must always give top priority to social benefits and try to ensure both good economic returns and social benefits.We must create more excellent, popular works that reflect the people's principal position in the country and their real life.We must deepen cultural restructuring and improve the policies for supposing nonprofit cultural programs, developing the cultural industry and encouraging cultural innovation, so as to create favorable conditions for producing fine works, outstanding personnel and good results.We must continue to develop nonprofit cultural programs as the main approach to ensuring the basic cultural tights and interests of the people, increase spending on such programs, and build more cultural facilities in urban-communities and rural areas.We must vigorously develop the cultural industry, launch major projects to lead the industry as a whole, speed up development of cultural industry bases and clusters of cultural industries with regional features, nurture key enterprises and strategic investors, create a thriving cultural market and enhance the industry's international competitiveness.We will use new and high technology to create new ways of producing cultural works, foster new forms of operation in the cultural industry and accelerate the establishment of a dissemination system featuring fast communication and wide coverage.We will establish a national system of honors for outstanding cultural workers.http://www.tmdps.cn 28

中華民族偉大復興必然伴隨中華文化繁榮興盛。要充分發揮人民在文化建設中的主體作用，調動廣大文化工作者的積極性，更加自覺、更加主動地推進文化大發展大繁榮，在中國特色社會主義的偉大實踐中進行文化創造，讓人民共享文化發展成果。

The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will definitely be accompanied by the thriving of Chinese culture.We will give full scope to the principal position of the people in cultural development, arouse the enthusiasm of cultural workers, promote vigorous development and prosperity of culture more conscientiously and actively, and create cultural works in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so that the people will share in the benefits of cultural development.八、加快推進以改善民生為重點的社會建設

VIII: Accelerating Social Development with the Focus on Improving People's Livelihood 社會建設與人民幸福安康息息相關。必須在經濟發展的基礎上，更加注重社會建設，著力保障和改善民生，推進社會體制改革，擴大公共服務，完善社會管理，促進社會公平正義，努力使全體人民學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居，推動建設和諧社會。

Social development is closely related to the people's well-being.More importance must therefore be attached to social development on the basis of economic growth to ensure and improve people's livelihood, carry out social restructuring, expand public services, improve social management and promote social equity and justice.We must do our best to ensure that all our people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing, so as to build a harmonious society.（一）優先發展教育，建設人力資源強國。教育是民族振興的基石，教育公平是社會公平的重要基礎。要全面貫徹黨的教育方針，堅持育人為本、德育為先，實施素質教育，提高教育現代化水平，培養德智體美全面發展的社會主義建設者和接班人，辦好人民滿意的教育。優化教育結構，促進義務教育均衡發展，加快普及高中階段教育，大力發展職業教育，提高高等教育質量。重視學前教育。更新教育觀念，深化教學內容方式、考試招生制度、質量評價制度等改革，減輕中小學生課業負擔，提高學生綜合素質。堅持教育公益性質，加大財政對教育投入，規范教育收費，扶持貧困地區、民族地區教育，健全學生資助制度，保障經濟困難家庭、進城務工人員子女平等接受義務教育。加強教師隊伍建設，重點提高農村教師素質。鼓勵社會力量興辦教育。發展遠程教育和繼續教育，建設全民學習、終身學習的學習型社會。

1.Give priority to education and turn China into a country rich in human resources.Education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation, and equal access to education provides an important underpinning for social equity.We must implement the Party's educational policy to the letter, focus on educating students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity, improve their overall quality, modernize the educational system, and train socialist builders and successors who have all-round attainments in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education.All this is designed to run education to the satisfaction of the people.We will optimize the educational structure, promote balanced development of compulsory educator, move faster toward universal access to senior secondary education, vigorously develop vocational education, and improve the quality of higher education.We will also attach importance to pre-school education.We will update our views on education and deepen reform in curricula, modes of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality.We will ease the study load of primary and secondary school students and improve their overall quality.We will continue to run education on a nonprofit basis, increase government spending on education, regulate the collection of education-related fees, support the development of education in poverty-stricken and ethnic autonomous areas, improve the system of financial aid to students, and ensure that children from poor families and of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy equal access to compulsory education as other children.We will build up the ranks of teachers, with the emphasis an improving the quality of teachers in rural areas.Nongovernmental sectors are encouraged to operate educational programs.Distance learning and continuing education will be promoted to make ours a satiety in which every citizen is committed to learning and pursues lifelong learning.http://www.tmdps.cn 29

（二）實施擴大就業的發展戰略，促進以創業帶動就業。就業是民生之本。要堅持實施積極的就業政策，加強政府引導，完善市場就業機制，擴大就業規模，改善就業結構。完善支持自主創業、自謀職業政策，加強就業觀念教育，使更多勞動者成為創業者。健全面向全體勞動者的職業教育培訓制度，加強農村富余勞動力轉移就業培訓。建立統一規范的人力資源市場，形成城鄉勞動者平等就業的制度。完善面向所有困難群眾的就業援助制度，及時幫助零就業家庭解決就業困難。積極做好高校畢業生就業工作。規范和協調勞動關系，完善和落實國家對農民工的政策，依法維護勞動者權益。

2.Implement a development strategy that promotes job creation and encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.We will continue to follow a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance, improve the market mechanism for employment, create more jobs and improve the employment structure.We will improve policies to encourage people to start businesses or find jobs on their own and promote a healthy attitude toward employment so that more people in the labor force will launch their own businesses.We will improve vocational education and training for the labor force and intensify pre-employment training for surplus labor transferred from rural areas.We will establish a unified, standardized labor market and a mechanism that ensures equal employment opportunities for both urban and rural residents.We will improve employment assistance to the needy and make it a priority to help zero-employment families to have job opportunities.We will do our best to help college graduates find jobs.We will regulate and coordinate labor relations, improve and implement government policies concerning rural migrant workers in cities, and protect the rights and interests of every worker in accordance with the law.（三）深化收入分配制度改革，增加城鄉居民收入。合理的收入分配制度是社會公平的重要體現。要堅持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，健全勞動、資本、技術、管理等生產要素按貢獻參與分配的制度，初次分配和再分配都要處理好效率和公平的關系，再分配更加注重公平。逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。著力提高低收入者收入，逐步提高扶貧標準和最低工資標準，建立企業職工工資正常增長機制和支付保障機制。創造條件讓更多群眾擁有財產性收入。保護合法收入，調節過高收入，取締非法收入。擴大轉移支付，強化稅收調節，打破經營壟斷，創造機會公平，整頓分配秩序，逐步扭轉收入分配差距擴大趨勢。

3.Deepen reform of the income distribution system and increase the income of urban and rural residents.Equitable income distribution is an important indication of social equity.We will adhere to and improve the system whereby distribution according to work remains the predominant mode and coexists with various other modes.We will improve the distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have a rightful share according to their respective contribution.A proper balance will be struck between efficiency and equity in both primary distribution and redistribution, with particular emphasis on equity in redistribution.We will gradually increase the share of personal income in the distribution of national income, and raise that of work remuneration in primary distribution.Vigorous efforts will be made to raise the income of low-income groups, gradually increase poverty-alleviation aid and the minimum wage, and set up a mechanism of regular pay increases for enterprise employees and a mechanism for guaranteeing payment of their salaries.Conditions will be created to enable more citizens to have property income.We will protect lawful incomes, regulate excessively high incomes and ban illegal gains.We will increase transfer payments, intensify the regulation of incomes through taxation, break business monopolies, create equal opportunities, and overhaul income distribution practices with a view to gradually reversing the growing income disparity.（四）加快建立覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系，保障人民基本生活。社會保障是社會安定的重要保證。要以社會保險、社會救助、社會福利為基礎，以基本養老、基本醫療、最低生活保障制度為重點，以慈善事業、商業保險為補充，加快完善社會保障體系。促進企業、機關、事業單位基本養老保險制度改革，探索建立農村養老保險制度。全面推進城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險、新型農村合作醫療制度建設。完善城鄉居民最低生活保障制度，逐步提高保障水平。完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。提高統籌層次，制定全國統一的社會保險關系轉續辦法。采取

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多種方式充實社會保障基金，加強基金監管，實現保值增值。健全社會救助體系。做好優撫安置工作。發揚人道主義精神，發展殘疾人事業。加強老齡工作。強化防災減災工作。健全廉租住房制度，加快解決城市低收入家庭住房困難。

4.Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents and guarantee their basic living conditions.Social security is an important guarantee of social stability.We will step up the building of a sound social security system that is based on social insurance, assistance and welfare, with basic old-age pension, basic medical care and subsistence allowances as its backbone, and supplemented by charity and commercial insurance.We will promote reform of basic old-age insurance systems in enterprises, Party and government organs and public institutions and explore ways to set up an old-age insurance system in rural areas.We will promote the development of basic medical insurance systems for urban workers and residents and a new type of cooperative medical care system in rural areas.We will improve the system of subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and gradually increase such allowances.We will improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurances.We will upgrade management of social security funds to higher-level authorities and work out unified methods for transferring social security accounts nationwide.We will provide more social security funds through various means and strengthen their oversight and management to maintain and increase their value.We will improve social assistance.We will do a good job providing special assistance to families of martyrs and servicemen and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will promote programs for the disabled in a humanitarian spirit.We will develop more programs for the elderly.We will intensify our efforts in disaster prevention and reduction.We will improve the low-rent housing system and speed up resolution of the housing difficulties of low-income families in urban areas.（五）建立基本醫療衛生制度，提高全民健康水平。健康是人全面發展的基礎，關系千家萬戶幸福。要堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，堅持預防為主、以農村為重點、中西醫并重，實行政事分開、管辦分開、醫藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開，強化政府責任和投入，完善國民健康政策，鼓勵社會參與，建設覆蓋城鄉居民的公共衛生服務體系、醫療服務體系、醫療保障體系、藥品供應保障體系，為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫療衛生服務。提高重大疾病防控和突發公共衛生事件應急處置能力。加強農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區衛生服務體系建設，深化公立醫院改革。建立國家基本藥物制度，保證群眾基本用藥。加強醫德醫風建設，提高醫療服務質量，確保食品藥品安全。堅持計劃生育的基本國策，穩定低生育水平，提高出生人口素質。開展愛國衛生運動，發展婦幼衛生事業。

5.Establish a basic medical and health care system and improve the heath of the whale nation.Health provides the foundation for people's all-round development and has a direct bearing on the happiness of each family.We must maintain the public welfare nature of public medical and health care services, always put disease prevention first, center on rural areas and attach equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.We will separate government administration from medical institutions, management from operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will increase government responsibilities and spending, improve the national health policy and encourage greater participation of nongovernmental sectors so as to develop systems of public health services, medical services, medical security and medicine supply to provide both urban and rural residents with safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health services.We will enhance our capacity to prevent and control the outbreak of major diseases and respond to public health emergencies.We will improve the three-tier rural health care network spanning the county, township and village and the urban community-based health care system, and deepen reform of public hospitals.We will set up a national system for basic pharmaceuticals to ensure their supply: We will work harder to improve the professional ethics and style of work of health workers and the quality of medical services.We must ensure food and drug safety.We will adhere to the basic state policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low and make the newborns healthier.We will launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and develop health care programs for women and children.http://www.tmdps.cn 31

六）完善社會管理，維護社會安定團結。社會穩定是人民群眾的共同心愿，是改革發展的重要前提。要健全黨委領導、政府負責、社會協同、公眾參與的社會管理格局，健全基層社會管理體制。最大限度激發社會創造活力，最大限度增加和諧因素，最大限度減少不和諧因素，妥善處理人民內部矛盾，完善信訪制度，健全黨和政府主導的維護群眾權益機制。重視社會組織建設和管理。加強流動人口服務和管理。堅持安全發展，強化安全生產管理和監督，有效遏制重特大安全事故。完善突發事件應急管理體制。健全社會治安防控體系，加強社會治安綜合治理，深入開展平安創建活動，改善和加強城鄉社區警務工作，依法防范和打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全。完善國家安全戰略，健全國家安全體制，高度警惕和堅決防范各種分裂、滲透、顛覆活動，切實維護國家安全。

6.Improve social management and safeguard social stability and unity.Social stability is the common aspiration of the people and an important prerequisite for reform and development.We need to improve the structure of social management comprising Party committee leadership, government responsibility, nongovernmental support and public participation, and improve the system of social management at the primary level.We will stimulate the creativity of society to the greatest extent, maximize factors conducive to harmony and minimize those detrimental to it.We will properly handle contradictions among the people, improve the system for handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public, and strengthen the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the people in which the Party and the government play the leading role.We will attach importance to the development and management of social organizations.We will improve services for and management of the floating population.We must ensure safe development by strengthening management and oversight of work safety and taking effective measures to prevent serious or exceptionally serious accidents.We will improve the mechanism of emergency management.We will improve the crime prevention and control system, maintain law and order through comprehensive measures, launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security, reform and step up community policing in both urban and rural areas, and prevent and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.We will improve the strategy and mechanism for national security, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist, infiltrative and subversive activities in various forms to safeguard national security.和諧社會要靠全社會共同建設。我們要緊緊依靠人民，調動一切積極因素，努力形成社會和諧人人有責、和諧社會人人共享的生動局面。

It requires joint efforts of the whale society to build a harmonious society.We must therefore rely firmly on the people and mobilize all positive factors to create a lively situation in which everyone is duty-bound to work for and benefits from social harmony.九、開創國防和軍隊現代化建設新局面

IX.Opening Up New Prospects for Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces 國防和軍隊建設，在中國特色社會主義事業總體布局中占有重要地位。必須站在國家安全和發展戰略全局的高度，統籌經濟建設和國防建設，在全面建設小康社會進程中實現富國和強軍的統一。

To strengthen national defense and the armed forces occupies an important place in the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Bearing in mind the overall strategic interests of national security and development, we must take both economic development and national defense into consideration and make our country prosperous and our armed forces powerful while building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.全面履行黨和人民賦予的新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，必須堅持以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平新時期軍隊建設思想、江澤民國防和軍隊建設思想為指導，把科學發展觀作為國防和軍隊建設的重要指導方針，貫徹新時期軍事戰略方針，加快中國特色軍事變革，做好軍事斗爭準備，提高軍隊應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力，堅決維護國家主權、安全、領土完整，為維護世界和平貢獻力量。

For the armed forces to fully carry out the historical missions assigned by the Party and the people at this new stage in the new century, we must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the

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armed forces the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on building national defense and the armed forces，and take the scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for strengthening national defense and the armed forces.We must implement the military strategy for the new period, accelerate the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics, ensure military preparedness, and enhance the military's capability to respond to various security threats and accomplish diverse military tasks.We are determined to safeguard China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and help maintain world peace.軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設是統一的整體，必須全面加強、協調推進。要始終堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導的根本原則和人民軍隊的根本宗旨，深入進行軍隊歷史使命、理想信念、戰斗精神和社會主義榮辱觀教育，大力弘揚聽黨指揮、服務人民、英勇善戰的優良傳統。堅持科技強軍，按照建設信息化軍隊、打贏信息化戰爭的戰略目標，加快機械化和信息化復合發展，積極開展信息化條件下軍事訓練，加緊培養大批高素質新型軍事人才，切實轉變戰斗力生成模式。堅持依法治軍、從嚴治軍，完善軍事法規，加強科學管理。

To make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized is an integrated endeavor, and balanced progress must be made in all the three aspects.We must always adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party exercising absolute leadership over the armed forces and the fundamental purpose of the armed forces serving the people.We will educate the military in its historical missions, ideals, beliefs, combat-ready spirit and the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and ensure that it carries forward its fine traditions of following the Party's orders, serving the people and fighting valiantly and skillfully.We must build strong armed forces through science and technology.To attain the strategic objective of building computerized armed forces and winning IT-based warfare, we will accelerate composite development of mechanization and computerization, carry out military training under IT-based conditions, intensify our efforts to train a new type of high-caliber military personnel in large numbers and change the mode of generating combat capabilities.We must run the armed forces in accordance with the law, enforce strict discipline, improve relevant laws and regulations arid strengthen scientific management.適應世界軍事發展新趨勢和我國發展新要求，推進軍事理論、軍事技術、軍事組織、軍事管理創新。調整改革軍隊體制編制和政策制度，逐步形成一整套既有中國特色又符合現代軍隊建設規律的科學的組織模式、制度安排和運作方式。調整改革國防科技工業體制和武器裝備采購體制，提高武器裝備研制的自主創新能力和質量效益。建立和完善軍民結合、寓軍于民的武器裝備科研生產體系、軍隊人才培養體系和軍隊保障體系，堅持勤儉建軍，走出一條中國特色軍民融合式發展路子。深入研究新的歷史條件下建軍治軍特點規律和人民戰爭戰略戰術，繁榮和發展軍事科學。

In keeping with the new trends in world military affairs and the new requirements of China's development, we must promote innovation in military theory, technology, organization and management.We will adjust and reform the structure, staffing, policies and institutions of the armed forces to gradually develop a complete set of scientific modes of organization, institutions and ways of operation with Chinese characteristics and in conformity with the laws governing the development of modern armed forces.We will adjust and reform the systems of defense-related science, technology and industry and of weapons and equipment procurement, and enhance our capacity for independent innovation in R&D of weapons and equipment with better quality and cost-effectiveness.We will establish sound systems of weapons and equipment research and manufacturing, military personnel training and logistics that integrate military with civilian purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support, build the armed forces through diligence and thrift, and blare a path of development with Chinese characteristics featuring military and civilian integration.We will enrich and develop military sciences by carefully studying the features and laws of building and running the armed forces and the strategies and tactics for people's war under the new historical conditions.增強全民國防觀念，加強國防動員建設，提高預備役部隊和民兵建設質量。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，更好履行維護國家安全和社會穩定、保障人民安居樂業的職責使命。堅持擁軍優屬、擁政愛民，鞏固軍政軍民團結。各級黨組織、政府和人民群眾要一如既往支持國防和軍隊建設，軍隊要繼續為經濟社會發展作貢獻。

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We will raise the people's awareness of national defense, improve national defense mobilization and enhance the quality of the reserves and the militia.We will strengthen the People's Armed Police so that it can better fulfill its duties of safeguarding national security and social stability and ensuring that the people live and work in peace.We must ensure that the government and the people support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs, and that the military supports the government and cherishes the people, in order to consolidate the solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.Party organizations and governments at all levels and the general public will, as always, support efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces, and the military will continue to contribute to economic and social development.十、推進“一國兩制”實踐和祖國和平統一大業

X.Carrying Forward the Practice of ”One Country, Two Systems“ and Advancing the Great Cause of Peaceful National Reunification 香港、澳門回歸祖國以來，“一國兩制”實踐日益豐富。“一國兩制”是完全正確的，具有強大生命力。按照“一國兩制”實現祖國和平統一，符合中華民族根本利益。

Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland, more and more experience has been gained in putting into practice the principle of “one country, two systems.” The principle is perfectly correct and full of vigor.To realize China's peaceful reunification on this principle accords with the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定是黨在新形勢下治國理政面臨的重大課題。我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，嚴格按照特別行政區基本法辦事；全力支持特別行政區政府依法施政，著力發展經濟、改善民生、推進民主；鼓勵香港、澳門各界人士在愛國愛港、愛國愛澳旗幟下和衷共濟，促進社會和睦；加強內地與香港、澳門交流合作，實現優勢互補、共同發展；積極支持香港、澳門開展對外交往，堅決反對外部勢力干預香港、澳門事務。香港同胞、澳門同胞完全有智慧有能力管理好、建設好香港、澳門，香港、澳門已經并將繼續為國家現代化建設發揮重要作用，偉大祖國永遠是香港、澳門繁榮穩定的堅強后盾。

A major task the Party faces in running the country in the new circumstances is to ensure long-term prosperity and stability, in Hong Kong and Macao.We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will render full support to the governments of the two regions in their administration in accordance with the law and in their efforts to promote economic growth, improve people's lives and advance democracy.We encourage people from all walks of life in Hong Kong and Macao to work with one accord to promote social amity under the banner of love for the motherland and devotion to their respective regions.We will increase exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and the two regions so that they can draw on each other's strengths and develop side by side.We will actively support the two regions in their external exchanges and firmly oppose attempts by any external force to interfere in their affairs.Our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, without doubt, have the wisdom and ability to successfully administer and develop their regions.Both regions have played and will continue to play an important role in China's modernization drive, and the great motherland will always provide them with strong backing for their prosperity and stability.解決臺灣問題、實現祖國完全統一，是全體中華兒女的共同心愿。我們將遵循“和平統一、一國兩制”的方針和現階段發展兩岸關系、推進祖國和平統一進程的八項主張，堅持一個中國原則決不動搖，爭取和平統一的努力決不放棄，貫徹寄希望于臺灣人民的方針決不改變，反對“臺獨”分裂活動決不妥協，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，真誠為兩岸同胞謀福祉、為臺海地區謀和平，維護國家主權和領土完整，維護中華民族根本利益。

To resolve the Taiwan question and achieve complete national reunification is a common aspiration of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation.We will uphold the principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and the

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eight-point proposal for developing the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and advancing the process of peaceful national reunification in the present stage.We will never waver in our commitment to the one-China principle, never abandon our efforts to achieve peaceful reunification never change the policy of placing our hopes on the people in Taiwan and never compromise in our opposition to the secessionist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence.” With a firm grasp of the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, we will sincerely work for the well-being of our compatriots on both sides of the Straits and for peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.堅持一個中國原則，是兩岸關系和平發展的政治基礎。盡管兩岸尚未統一，但大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國的事實從未改變。中國是兩岸同胞的共同家園，兩岸同胞理應攜手維護好、建設好我們的共同家園。臺灣任何政黨，只要承認兩岸同屬一個中國，我們都愿意同他們交流對話、協商談判，什么問題都可以談。我們鄭重呼吁，在一個中國原則的基礎上，協商正式結束兩岸敵對狀態，達成和平協議，構建兩岸和平發展框架，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

Upholding the one-China principle constitutes the political basis for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be reunified, the fact that they belong to one and the same China has never changed.China is the common homeland for the compatriots on both sides of the Straits, who have every reason to join hands to safeguard aid develop this homeland.We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue, consultations and negotiations with any political party in Taiwan on any issue as long as it recognizes that both sides of the Straits belong to one and the same China.Here we would like to make a solemn appeal, On the basis of the one-China principle, let us discuss a formal end to the state of hostility between the two sides, reach a peace agreement, construct a framework for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and thus usher in a new phase of peaceful development.十三億大陸同胞和兩千三百萬臺灣同胞是血脈相連的命運共同體。凡是對臺灣同胞有利的事情，凡是對維護臺海和平有利的事情，凡是對促進祖國和平統一有利的事情，我們都會盡最大努力做好。我們理解、信賴、關心臺灣同胞，將繼續實施和充實惠及廣大臺灣同胞的政策措施，依法保護臺灣同胞的正當權益，支持海峽西岸和其他臺商投資相對集中地區經濟發展。兩岸同胞要加強交往，促進經濟文化交流拓展領域、提高層次，推動直接“三通”，使彼此感情更融洽、合作更深化，為實現中華民族偉大復興而共同努力。

The 1.3 billion people on the mainland and the 23 million people in Taiwan are of the same blood and share a common destiny.We will make every effort to achieve anything that serves the interests of our Taiwan compatriots, contributes to the maintenance of peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and facilitates peaceful national reunification.We understand, trust and care about our compatriots in Taiwan, and we will, therefore, continue to implement and enrich the policies and measures that benefit them, protect their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, and support economic development on the west shore of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, promote economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher Levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade, so that they will develop greater empathy and closer cooperation and work together for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.當前，“臺獨”分裂勢力加緊進行分裂活動，嚴重危害兩岸關系和平發展。兩岸同胞要共同反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂活動。中國主權和領土完整不容分割。任何涉及中國主權和領土完整的問題，我們必須由包括臺灣同胞在內的全中國人民共同決定。我們愿以最大誠意、盡最大努力實現兩岸和平統一，絕不允許任何人以任何名義任何方式把臺灣從祖國分割出去。

At present, the forces for “Taiwan independence” are stepping up their secessionist activities, seriously jeopardizing the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.The compatriots on both sides need to work together to oppose and contain such activities.China's sovereignty and territorial integrity brook no division, and any matter in this regard must be decided by the entire Chinese people including our Taiwan compatriots.We are willing to make every effort with the utmost sincerity to

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achieve peaceful reunification of the two sides, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any name or by any means.兩岸統一是中華民族走向偉大復興的歷史必然。海內外中華兒女緊密團結、共同奮斗，祖國完全統一就一定能夠實現。

The two sides of the Straits are bound to be reunified in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With close solidarity and concerted efforts of all Chinese people at home and overseas, the complete reunification of the motherland will surely be achieved.十一、始終不渝走和平發展道路

XI.Unswervingly Following the Path of Peaceful Development 當今世界正處在大變革大調整之中。和平與發展仍然是時代主題，求和平、謀發展、促合作已經成為不可阻擋的時代潮流。世界多極化不可逆轉，經濟全球化深入發展，科技革命加速推進，全球和區域合作方興未艾，國與國相互依存日益緊密，國際力量對比朝著有利于維護世界和平方向發展，國際形勢總體穩定。

The world today is undergoing tremendous changes and adjustments.Peace and development remain the main themes of the present era, and pursuit of peace, development and cooperation has become an irresistible trend of the times.The progress toward a multipolar world is irreversible, economic globalization is developing in depth, and the scientific and technological revolution is gathering momentum.Global and regional cooperation is in full swing, and countries are increasingly interdependent.The international balance of power is changing in favor of the maintenance of world peace, and the overall international situation is stable.同時，世界仍然很不安寧。霸權主義和強權政治依然存在，局部沖突和熱點問題此起彼伏，全球經濟失衡加劇，南北差距拉大，傳統安全威脅和非傳統安全威脅相互交織，世界和平與發展面臨諸多難題和挑戰。

At the same time, the world remains far from tranquil.Hegemonism and power politics still exist, local conflicts and hotspot issues keep emerging, imbalances in the world economy are worsening, the North-South gap is widening, and traditional and nontraditional threats to security are intertwined.All this poses difficulties and challenges to world peace and development.共同分享發展機遇，共同應對各種挑戰，推進人類和平與發展的崇高事業，事關各國人民的根本利益，也是各國人民的共同心愿。我們主張，各國人民攜手努力，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。為此，應該遵循聯合國憲章宗旨和原則，恪守國際法和公認的國際關系準則，在國際關系中弘揚民主、和睦、協作、共贏精神。政治上相互尊重、平等協商，共同推進國際關系民主化；經濟上相互合作、優勢互補，共同推動經濟全球化朝著均衡、普惠、共贏方向發展；文化上相互借鑒、求同存異，尊重世界多樣性，共同促進人類文明繁榮進步；安全上相互信任、加強合作，堅持用和平方式而不是戰爭手段解決國際爭端，共同維護世界和平穩定；環保上相互幫助、協力推進，共同呵護人類賴以生存的地球家園。

Sharing opportunities for development and rising to challenges together so as to further the noble cause of peace and development of humanity bear on he fundamental interests of the people of all countries and meet their common aspirations.We maintain that the people of all countries should join hands and strive to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.To this end, all countries should uphold the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, observe international law and universally recognized norms of international relations, and promote democracy, harmony, collaboration and win-win solutions in international relations.Politically, all countries should respect each other and conduct consultations on an equal footing in a common endeavor to promote democracy in international relations.Economically, they should cooperate with each other, draw on each other's strengths and work together to advance economic globalization in the direction of balanced development, shared benefits and win-win progress.Culturally, they should learn from each other in the spirit of seeking common ground while shelving differences, respect the diversity of the world, and make joint efforts to advance human

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civilization.In the area of security, they should trust each other, strengthen cooperation, settle international disputes by peaceful means rather than by war, and work together to safeguard peace and stability in the world.On environmental issues, they should assist and cooperate with each other in conservation efforts to take good care of the Earth, the only home of human beings.當代中國同世界的關系發生了歷史性變化，中國的前途命運日益緊密地同世界的前途命運聯系在一起。不管國際風云如何變幻，中國政府和人民都將高舉和平、發展、合作旗幟，奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，維護國家主權、安全、發展利益，恪守維護世界和平、促進共同發展的外交政策宗旨。

Historic changes have occurred in the relations between contemporary China and the rest of the world, resulting in ever closer interconnection between China's future and destiny and those of the world.Whatever changes take place in the international situation, the Chinese government and people will always hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, safeguard China's interests in terms of sovereignty, security and development, and uphold its foreign policy purposes of maintaining world peace and promoting common development.中國將始終不渝走和平發展道路。這是中國政府和人民根據時代發展潮流和自身根本利益作出的戰略抉擇。中華民族是熱愛和平的民族，中國始終是維護世界和平的堅定力量。我們堅持把中國人民的利益同各國人民的共同利益結合起來，秉持公道，伸張正義。我們堅持國家不分大小、強弱、貧富一律平等，尊重各國人民自主選擇發展道路的權利，不干涉別國內部事務，不把自己的意志強加于人。中國致力于和平解決國際爭端和熱點問題，推動國際和地區安全合作，反對一切形式的恐怖主義。中國奉行防御性的國防政策，不搞軍備競賽，不對任何國家構成軍事威脅。中國反對各種形式的霸權主義和強權政治，永遠不稱霸，永遠不搞擴張。

China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development.This is a strategic choice the Chinese government and people have made in light of the development trend of the times and their awn fundamental interests.The Chinese nation is a peace-loving people, and China is always a staunch force safeguarding world peace.We are committed to combining the interests of the Chinese people with the common interests of the people of other countries, and always stand for fairness and justice.We maintain that all countries, big and small, strong and weak, rich and poor, are equal.We respect the right of the people of all countries to independently choose their own development path.We will never interfere in the internal affairs of other countries or impose our own will on them.China works for peaceful settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, promotes international and regional security cooperation, and opposes terrorism in any form.China follows a national defense policy that is defensive in nature, and it does not engage in arms race or pose a military threat to any other country.China opposes all forms of hegemonism and power politics arid will-never seek hegemony or engage in expansion.中國將始終不渝奉行互利共贏的開放戰略。我們將繼續以自己的發展促進地區和世界共同發展，擴大同各方利益的匯合點，在實現本國發展的同時兼顧對方特別是發展中國家的正當關切。我們將繼續按照通行的國際經貿規則，擴大市場準入，依法保護合作者權益。我們支持國際社會幫助發展中國家增強自主發展能力、改善民生，縮小南北差距。我們支持完善國際貿易和金融體制，推進貿易和投資自由化便利化，通過磋商協作妥善處理經貿摩擦。中國決不做損人利己、以鄰為壑的事情。

China will unswervingly follow a win-win strategy of opening up.We will continue to contribute to regional and global development through our own development, and expand the areas where our interests meet with those a various sides.While securing our own development, we will accommodate the legitimate concerns of other countries, especially other developing countries.We will increase market access in accordance with internationally recognized economic and trade rules, and protect the rights and interests of our partners in accordance with the law.We Support international efforts to help developing countries enhance their capacity for independent development and improve the lives of their people, so as to narrow the North-South gap.We support efforts to improve international trade and financial systems, advance the liberalization and facilitation of trade and

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investment, and properly resolve economic and trade frictions through consultation and collaboration.China will never seek benefits for itself at the expense of other countries or shift ifs troubles onto others.中國堅持在和平共處五項原則的基礎上同所有國家發展友好合作。我們將繼續同發達國家加強戰略對話，增進互信，深化合作，妥善處理分歧，推動相互關系長期穩定健康發展。我們將繼續貫徹與鄰為善、以鄰為伴的周邊外交方針，加強同周邊國家的睦鄰友好和務實合作，積極開展區域合作，共同營造和平穩定、平等互信、合作共贏的地區環境。我們將繼續加強同廣大發展中國家的團結合作，深化傳統友誼，擴大務實合作，提供力所能及的援助，維護發展中國家的正當要求和共同利益。我們將繼續積極參與多邊事務，承擔相應國際義務，發揮建設性作用，推動國際秩序朝著更加公正合理的方向發展。我們將繼續開展同各國政黨和政治組織的交流合作，加強人大、政協、軍隊、地方、民間團體對外交往，增進中國人民和各國人民的相互了解和友誼。

China is committed to developing friendship and cooperation with all other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.For developed countries, we will continue to strengthen strategic dialogue, enhance mutual trust, deepen cooperation and properly manage differences to promote long-term, stable and sound development of bilateral relations.For our neighboring countries, we will continue to follow the foreign policy of friendship and partnership, strengthen good-neighborly relations and practical cooperation with them, and energetically engage in regional cooperation in order to jointly create a peaceful, stable regional environment featuring equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation.For other developing countries, we will continue to increase solidarity and cooperation with them, cement traditional friendship, expand practical cooperation, provide assistance to them within our ability, and uphold the legitimate demands and common interests of developing countries.We will continue to take an active part in multilateral affairs, assume our due international obligations, play a constructive role, and work to make the international order fairer and more equitable.We will also continue to conduct exchanges and cooperation with the political parties and organizations of other countries, and strengthen the external exchanges of people's congresses, CPPCC committees, the armed forces, localities and people's organizations to enhance mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese people and the people of other countries.中國發展離不開世界，世界繁榮穩定也離不開中國。中國人民將繼續同各國人民一道，為實現人類的美好理想而不懈努力。

China cannot develop in isolation from the rest of the world, nor can the world enjoy prosperity and stability without China.The Chinese people will continue to work tirelessly with the people of other countries to bring about a better future for humanity.十二、以改革創新精神全面推進黨的建設新的偉大工程

XII.Comprehensively Carrying Forward the Great New Undertaking to Build the Party in a Spirit of Reform and Innovation 中國特色社會主義事業是改革創新的事業。黨要站在時代前列帶領人民不斷開創事業發展新局面，必須以改革創新精神加強自身建設，始終成為中國特色社會主義事業的堅強領導核心。

Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a cause that demands reform and innovation.To stand in the forefront of the times and lead the people in opening up new prospects for the development of the cause, the Party must improve itself in a spirit of reform and innovation and stay as the firm core of leadership for this cause.我們黨已經成立八十六年，在全國執政五十八年，擁有七千多萬黨員，黨的教育和管理任務比過去任何時候都更為繁重。黨領導的改革開放既給黨注入巨大活力，也使黨面臨許多前所未有的新課題新考驗。世情、國情、黨情的發展變化，決定了以改革創新精神加強黨的建設既十分重要又十分緊迫。必須把黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設作為主線，堅持黨要管黨、從嚴治黨，貫徹為民、務實、清廉的要求，以堅定理想信念為重點加強思想建設，以造就高素質黨員、干部隊伍為重點加強組織建設，以保持黨同人民群眾的血肉聯系為重點加強作風建設，以健全民主集中制為重

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點加強制度建設，以完善懲治和預防腐敗體系為重點加強反腐倡廉建設，使黨始終成為立黨為公、執政為民，求真務實、改革創新，艱苦奮斗、清正廉潔，富有活力、團結和諧的馬克思主義執政黨。

The Party was founded 86 years ago, it has governed the country for 58 years, and its current membership totals more than 70 million.Therefore, the task of educating and managing its members has become more arduous than ever before.The reform and opening up led by the Party have injected tremendous vigor into the Party, but they have also exposed it to many unprecedented tasks and tests.Developments and changes in the global, national and intra-Party conditions make it both vital and urgent for us to strengthen Party building in a spirit of reform and innovation.To achieve the main objectives of strengthening the Party's governance capability and vanguard nature, we must ensure that the Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members, and work to fulfill the requirement for serving the people and being pragmatic and incorruptible.We must strengthen Party building in all respects.Ideologically, we will focus on fortifying the convictions of Party members.Organizationally, we will put emphasis on bringing up Party members and cadres of quality.In improving the Party's style of work, we will stress the maintenance of its close ties with the people.Institutionally, we will emphasize improving democratic centralism.In enhancing the Party's capacity to fight corruption and uphold integrity we will focus on improving the institutions for punishing and preventing corruption.All this will enable the Party to remain a ruling Marxist party that is built for the public interests and exercises governance for the people;a party that is realistic, pragmatic and committed to reform and innovation;a party that is hardworking and clean;and a party that is full of vigor and enjoys solidarity and harmony.（一）深入學習貫徹中國特色社會主義理論體系，著力用馬克思主義中國化最新成果武裝全黨。思想理論建設是黨的根本建設，黨的理論創新引領各方面創新。要按照建設學習型政黨的要求，緊密結合改革開放和現代化建設的生動實踐，深入學習馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想，在全黨開展深入學習實踐科學發展觀活動，堅持用發展著的馬克思主義指導客觀世界和主觀世界的改造，進一步把握共產黨執政規律、社會主義建設規律、人類社會發展規律，提高運用科學理論分析和解決實際問題能力。加強黨員、干部理想信念教育和思想道德建設，使廣大黨員、干部成為實踐社會主義核心價值體系的模范，做共產主義遠大理想和中國特色社會主義共同理想的堅定信仰者、科學發展觀的忠實執行者、社會主義榮辱觀的自覺實踐者、社會和諧的積極促進者。

1.Thoroughly study and apply the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and focus on arming the whale Party with the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions.Ideological and theoretical development is of fundamental importance to Party building, and the Party's innovation in theory guides innovation in all other areas.To build a party committed to learning, we need to thoroughly study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and launch a Party-wide campaign to intensively study and apply the Scientific Outlook on Development in light of the dynamic practices of reform, opening up and modernization.We must follow the developing Marxism as our guide in changing the objective world and remolding the subjective world better grasp the laws concerning the Communist Party's governance, socialist construction and the development of human society, and improve our capability to apply scientific theories to analyzing and salving practical problems.We must step up education for Party members and cadres to cherish the Party's ideals and beliefs and uphold high ideological and moral standards, so that they will set an example in putting into practice the socialist core values, firmly believe in the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, faithfully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, conscientiously follow the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and actively promote social harmony.（二）繼續加強黨的執政能力建設，著力建設高素質領導班子。黨的執政能力建設關系黨的建設和中國特色社會主義事業的全局，必須把提高領導水平和執政能力作為各級領導班子建設的核心內容抓緊抓好。要按照科學執政、民主執政、依法執政的要求，改進領導班子思想作風，提高領導干部執政本領，改善領導方式和執政方式，健全領導體制，完善地方黨委領導班子配備改革后的工作機制，把各級領導班子建設成為堅定貫徹黨的理論和路線方針政策、善

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于領導科學發展的堅強領導集體。以加強領導班子執政能力建設影響和帶動全黨，使黨的全部工作始終符合時代要求和人民期待。

2.Continue to strengthen the Party's governance capability and focus on building high-duality leading bodies.Strengthening the Party's governance capability has an overall impact on Party building and the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In building the leading bodies at all levels, we must focus our efforts on promptly and effectively improving their art of leadership and governance capability.Following the requirement of scientific, democratic and law-based governance, we will improve the way of thinking of leading bodies, the governing competence of leading cadres, their styles of leadership and governance, the leadership system, and the working mechanisms of the Leading bodies of local Party committees that have had their staffing restructured.All this is intended to turn the Leading bodies at all levels into staunch collective leaderships that are firmly committed to the Party's theories, lines, principles and policies and capable of leading scientific development.We will improve the governance capability of leading bodies in order to motivate and guide the whole Party and ensure that all the Party's work always accords with the requirements of the times and the expectations of the people.（三）積極推進黨內民主建設，著力增強黨的團結統一。黨內民主是增強黨的創新活力、鞏固黨的團結統一的重要保證。要以擴大黨內民主帶動人民民主，以增進黨內和諧促進社會和諧。尊重黨員主體地位，保障黨員民主權利，推進黨務公開，營造黨內民主討論環境。完善黨的代表大會制度，實行黨的代表大會代表任期制，選擇一些縣（市、區）試行黨代表大會常任制。完善黨的地方各級全委會、常委會工作機制，發揮全委會對重大問題的決策作用。嚴格實行民主集中制，健全集體領導與個人分工負責相結合的制度，反對和防止個人或少數人專斷。推行地方黨委討論決定重大問題和任用重要干部票決制。建立健全中央政治局向中央委員會全體會議、地方各級黨委常委會向委員會全體會議定期報告工作并接受監督的制度。改革黨內選舉制度，改進候選人提名制度和選舉方式。推廣基層黨組織領導班子成員由黨員和群眾公開推薦與上級黨組織推薦相結合的辦法，逐步擴大基層黨組織領導班子直接選舉范圍，探索擴大黨內基層民主多種實現形式。全黨同志要堅決維護黨的集中統一，自覺遵守黨的政治紀律，始終同黨中央保持一致，堅決維護中央權威，切實保證政令暢通。

3.Expand intra-Party democracy and focus on enhancing the Party's solidarity and unity.Intra-Party democracy provides an important guarantee for improving the Party's creativity and reinforcing its solidarity and unity.We will expand intra-Party democracy to develop people's democracy and increase intra-Party harmony to promote social harmony.We need to respect the principal position of Party members, guarantee their democratic rights, increase transparency in Party affairs and create favorable conditions for democratic discussions within the Party.We will improve the system of Party congresses by adopting a tenure system for their delegates and implementing a system of Party congresses with a fixed term on a trial basis in selected counties, cities and districts.We will improve the working mechanisms of local Party committees at all levels and their standing committees and let the Party committees make decisions on major issues.We will strictly implement democratic centralism, improve the system that combines collective leadership with division of responsibilities among individuals, and oppose and prevent arbitrary decision-making by an individual or a minority of people.We will introduce a system of voting for use by local Party committees in discussing and deciding on major issues and appointing cadres to important positions.We will establish a sound system under which the Political Bureau of the Central Committee regularly reports its work to plenary sessions of the Central Committee and accepts their oversight, and the standing committees of local Party committees at all levels do likewise to plenary sessions of local Party committees and, accept their oversight.We will reform the intra-Party electoral system and improve the system for nominating candidates and electoral methods.We will spread the practice in which candidates for leading positions in primary Party organizations are recommended both by Party members and the public in an open manner and by the Party organization at the next higher level, gradually extend direct election of leading members in primary Party organizations to more places, and explore various ways to expand intra-Party democracy at the primary level.All Party members must firmly uphold the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, conscientiously abide by the Party's

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political discipline, always be in agreement with the Central Committee and resolutely safeguard its authority to ensure that its resolutions and decisions are carried out effectively.（四）不斷深化干部人事制度改革，著力造就高素質干部隊伍和人才隊伍。堅持黨管干部原則，堅持民主、公開、競爭、擇優，形成干部選拔任用科學機制。規范干部任用提名制度，完善體現科學發展觀和正確政績觀要求的干部考核評價體系，完善公開選拔、競爭上崗、差額選舉辦法。擴大干部工作民主，增強民主推薦、民主測評的科學性和真實性。加強干部選拔任用工作全過程監督。健全領導干部職務任期、回避、交流制度，完善公務員制度。健全干部雙重管理體制。推進國有企業和事業單位人事制度改革，完善適合國有企業特點的領導人員管理辦法。堅持正確用人導向，按照德才兼備、注重實績、群眾公認原則選拔干部，提高選人用人公信度。加大培養選拔優秀年輕干部力度，鼓勵年輕干部到基層和艱苦地區鍛煉成長，提高年輕干部馬克思主義理論素養和政治素質。重視培養選拔女干部、少數民族干部。格外關注長期在條件艱苦、工作困難地方努力工作的干部，注意從基層和生產一線選拔優秀干部充實各級黨政領導機關。

4.Continue to deepen reform of the cadre and personnel system and focus on training high-caliber cadres and personnel.Adhering to the principle that the Party is in charge of cadre management, we will establish a scientific mechanism for selecting and appointing cadres on the basis of democracy, openness, competition and merit.We will standardize the cadre nomination system, perfect the cadre assessment system in accordance with the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development and a correct view on evaluating cadres' performances, and improve the procedures for open selection, competition for positions and multi-candidate election.We will expand democracy in the work related to cadres and make democratic recommendation and assessment more scientific and authentic.We must enforce stricter oversight over the whore process of selecting and appointing cadres.We will improve the tenure system and the recusal system for leading cadres as well as the system for transferring them between different posts, the public servant System, and the system of dual administration of cadres.We will advance reform of the personnel system in state-owned enterprises and public institutions and improve management of executives suited to conditions in these enterprises.繼續大規模培訓干部，充分發揮黨校、行政學院、干部學院作用，大幅度提高干部素質。全面做好離退休干部工作。貫徹尊重勞動、尊重知識、尊重人才、尊重創造的方針，堅持黨管人才原則，統籌抓好以高層次人才和高技能人才為重點的各級人才隊伍建設。創新人才工作體制機制，激發各類人才創造活力和創業熱情，開創人才輩出、人盡其才新局面。

Adhering to correct guidance in appointing cadres, we will promote cadres who have political integrity, professional competence and outstanding performance and enjoy popular support with a view to increasing public trust in cadre selection and appointment.We will make greater efforts to train and promote outstanding young cadres, encourage them to work and temper themselves at the primary level and in areas with tough conditions, improve their understanding of Marxist theory and raise their political quality.We will attach great importance to training and selecting cadres from among women and ethnic minorities.We will give special attention to cadres who have long been working diligently in places fraught with hardships and difficulties.We will select excellent cadres from primary-level organizations and the frontline of production to join Party and government leading organs at all levels.We will continue to train cadres on a large scale, making full use of Party schools, schools of administration and cadre academies to substantially improve the quality of cadres.We will do a good job in all work related to retired cadres.Implementing the policy of respect for work, knowledge, talent and creation and adhering to the principle of the Party being in charge of personnel, we will make plans for training all types of personnel with the focus on high-level and highly skilled ones.We will make innovations in systems and mechanisms for personnel work and arouse the creativity and enterprising spirit of all types of personnel to create a new situation in which capable people come forth in great numbers and put their talents to best use.http://www.tmdps.cn 41

（五）全面鞏固和發展先進性教育活動成果，著力加強基層黨的建設。先進性是馬克思主義政黨的生命所系、力量所在，要靠千千萬萬高素質黨員來體現。要扎實抓好黨員隊伍建設這一基礎工程，堅持不懈地提高黨員素質。認真學習和遵守黨章，增強黨員意識，建立黨員黨性定期分析制度，拓寬黨員服務群眾渠道，構建黨員聯系和服務群眾工作體系，健全讓黨員經常受教育、永葆先進性長效機制，使黨員真正成為牢記宗旨、心系群眾的先進分子。加強和改進流動黨員管理，加強進城務工人員中黨的工作，建立健全城鄉一體黨員動態管理機制。提高發展黨員質量，優化黨員隊伍結構，及時處置不合格黨員。

5.Consolidate and develop all the achievements of the campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature, and focus on strengthening primary Party organizations.The vanguard nature is the source of life and strength for a Marxist party, and has to be demonstrated by its tens of millions of members of quality.We must, therefore, do a good job in the basic project to build a strong Party membership and keep improving their quality.We will earnestly study and abide by the Party Constitution, raise our awareness of Party membership, introduce the practice of regularly reviewing Party members' compliance with the Party spirit, expand channels through which Party members serve the people, institute working procedures for them to stay in touch with and serve the people, and improve the permanent mechanism whereby Party members regularly go through education and always retain their vanguard nature.All this will make Party members exemplars who always keep in mind the purpose of the Party and truly care far the people.We will improve management of Party members among the floating population, improve the party work among rural migrant workers in cities, and set up a sound unified system for dynamic management of Party members in both urban and rural areas.We will improve the quality of newly recruited Party members, optimize the composition of Party membership, and promptly deal with unqualified members.黨的基層組織是黨執政的組織基礎。要落實黨建工作責任制，全面推進農村、企業、城市社區和機關、學校、新社會組織等的基層黨組織建設，優化組織設置，擴大組織覆蓋，創新活動方式，充分發揮基層黨組織推動發展、服務群眾、凝聚人心、促進和諧的作用。以黨的基層組織建設帶動其他各類基層組織建設。在黨的基層組織和黨員中深入開展創先爭優活動。建立健全城鄉黨的基層組織互幫互助機制。在全國農村普遍開展黨員干部現代遠程教育。建立健全黨內激勵、關懷、幫扶機制，關心和愛護基層干部、老黨員、生活困難黨員。注重解決基層組織經費保障和活動場所等問題。

Primary Party organizations constitute the organizational foundation for the Party to play its governance role.We will implement the responsibility system for building the Party and advance all-round development of primary Party organizations in villages, enterprises, urban communities, Party and government organs, schools, new social organizations, etc.We will give full play to the role of primary Party organizations in promoting development, serving the people, rallying public support and promoting harmony by optimizing their setups, expanding their coverage and making innovations in the way they function.We will develop primary Party organizations to promote development of other organizations at the primary level.We will launch intensive campaigns in primary Party organizations and among Party members to encourage them to excel in their performances.We will set up a sound mechanism for mutual assistance between urban and rural primary Party organizations.We will develop modern distance learning programs for Party members and cadres in rural areas throughout the country.We will set up a sound mechanism of incentives, solicitude and assistance in the Party to show concern for cadres at the primary level, for elderly Party members and for those who live in straitened circumstances.We will pay attention to ensuring funding and space for activities of primary Party organizations.（六）切實改進黨的作風，著力加強反腐倡廉建設。優良的黨風是凝聚黨心民心的巨大力量。要堅持人民是歷史創造者的歷史唯物主義觀點，堅持全心全意為人民服務，堅持群眾路線，真誠傾聽群眾呼聲，真實反映群眾愿望，真情關心群眾疾苦，多為群眾辦好事、辦實事，做到權為民所用、情為民所系、利為民所謀。以求真務實作風推進各項工作，多干打基礎、利長遠的事。加強調查研究，改進學風和文風，精簡會議和文件，反對形式主義、官僚主義，反對弄虛作假。倡導勤儉節約、勤儉辦一切事業，反對奢侈浪費。全黨同志特別是領導干部都要講黨性、重品行、作表

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率。深入開展黨風黨紀教育，積極進行批評和自我批評，使領導干部自覺遵守黨紀國法，繼承優良傳統，弘揚新風正氣，以優良的黨風促政風帶民風。

6.Effectively improve the Party's style of work and focus on combating corruption and upholding integrity.The Party's fine style of work is a great force holding Party members together and winning popular support.We must uphold the viewpoint of historical materialism that it is the people who make history, remain committed to serving the people wholeheartedly and adhere to the mass line.We must earnestly listen to their appeals, truthfully reflect their wishes, sincerely help alleviate their hardships and do more practical work for their benefit, putting into practice the principle of exercising power for the people, showing concern for them and working for their interests.We will seek progress in every aspect of our endeavor in a realistic and pragmatic way and do more to reinforce the groundwork for long-term benefit.We need to carry out more investigations and studies, improve our styles of study and writing, cut the number of meetings and official documents, and oppose formalism, bureaucracy and deception.We need to practice economy, always be frugal and hardworking, and oppose extravagance and waste.All Party members, especially leading cadres, must uphold the Party spirit, be impeccable in moral standards and play an exemplary role in society.We need to strengthen education in the Party's style of work and Party discipline and vigorously practice criticism and self-criticism so that leading cadres will conscientiously observe Party discipline and state laws, carry forward the Party's fine traditions and promote new healthy trends.With the Party's fine style of work, we will be able to improve the work style of the government and the conduct of the general public.中國共產黨的性質和宗旨，決定了黨同各種消極腐敗現象是水火不相容的。堅決懲治和有效預防腐敗，關系人心向背和黨的生死存亡，是黨必須始終抓好的重大政治任務。全黨同志一定要充分認識反腐敗斗爭的長期性、復雜性、艱巨性，把反腐倡廉建設放在更加突出的位置，旗幟鮮明地反對腐敗。堅持標本兼治、綜合治理、懲防并舉、注重預防的方針，扎實推進懲治和預防腐敗體系建設，在堅決懲治腐敗的同時，更加注重治本，更加注重預防，更加注重制度建設，拓展從源頭上防治腐敗工作領域。嚴格執行黨風廉政建設責任制。堅持深化改革和創新體制，加強廉政文化建設，形成拒腐防變教育長效機制、反腐倡廉制度體系、權力運行監控機制。健全紀檢監察派駐機構統一管理，完善巡視制度。加強領導干部廉潔自律工作，提高黨員干部拒腐防變能力。堅決糾正損害群眾利益的不正之風，切實解決群眾反映強烈的問題。堅決查處違紀違法案件，對任何腐敗分子，都必須依法嚴懲，決不姑息！

The CPC never tolerates corruption or any other negative phenomena.This is determined by its nature and purpose.Resolutely punishing and effectively preventing corruption bears on the popular support for the Party and on its very survival, and is therefore a major political task the Party must attend to at all times.All Party members must be fully aware that fighting corruption will be a protracted, complicated and arduous battle, attach greater importance to combating corruption and upholding integrity and take a clear stand against corruption.We will fight corruption in a comprehensive way, address both its symptoms and root cause and combine punishment with prevention, with the emphasis on prevention, thus effectively improving the institutions for punishing and preventing corruption.While resolutely cracking down on corruption, we will work harder to remove its root cause and take preventive measures through improving relevant institutions and expanding our efforts to curb corruption at the source.We will strictly implement the responsibility system for improving the Party's style of work and upholding integrity.We will deepen reform, make institutional innovation, foster a culture of integrity and develop a permanent education mechanism to resist corruption and decadence, a system for combating corruption and upholding integrity and a mechanism for monitoring the exercise of power.We need to strengthen the unified management of representative offices of Party discipline inspection commissions and government supervision departments, and improve the system of inspection tours.We will do our best to ensure that leading cadres are clean and self-disciplined and that Party members and cadres are better able to resist corruption and decadence.We must resolutely stop unhealthy practices that hurt public interests, and take effective measures to deal with matters that cause strong public resentment.We must see to it that all cases involving

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violation of law and discipline are thoroughly investigated and dealt with, and that all corruptionists are severely punished according to law without fail.同志們！我們黨自誕生之日起就勇敢擔當起帶領中國人民創造幸福生活、實現中華民族偉大復興的歷史使命，為了完成這個歷史使命，一代又一代中國共產黨人前赴后繼，無數革命先烈獻出了寶貴生命。當代中國共產黨人必須繼續承擔好這個歷史使命。我們黨正在帶領全國各族人民進行的改革開放和社會主義現代化建設，是新中國成立以后我國社會主義建設偉大事業的繼承和發展，是近代以來中國人民爭取民族獨立、實現國家富強偉大事業的繼承和發展。撫今追昔，我們深感肩負的使命神圣而光榮。展望未來，我們對實現推進現代化建設、完成祖國統一、維護世界和平與促進共同發展這三大歷史任務充滿信心。

Comrades, Ever since its founding in July 1921, the CPC has bravely dedicated itself to the historical mission of leading the Chinese people in striving for a happy life and for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Chinese Communists have been fighting one generation after another to fulfill this mission, and countless revolutionaries have sacrificed their lives in the course.Party members in contemporary China must continue on this mission.The ongoing reform, opening up and socialist modernization drive undertaken by the people of all ethnic groups under the Party's leadership are a continuation and development of the great cause of socialist construction since the founding of the People's Republic and the great cause of the Chinese people's struggle for national independence, prosperity and strength since modern times.Reviewing the past, we feel deeply honored to carry on this sacred mission.Looking ahead, we have full confidence in fulfilling the three historical tasks of advancing the modernization drive, achieving national reunification, and safeguarding world peace and promoting common development.全黨同志必須清醒認識到，實現全面建設小康社會的目標還需要繼續奮斗十幾年，基本實現現代化還需要繼續奮斗幾十年，鞏固和發展社會主義制度則需要幾代人、十幾代人甚至幾十代人堅持不懈地努力奮斗。要奮斗就會有困難有風險。我們一定要居安思危、增強憂患意識，始終保持對馬克思主義、對中國特色社會主義、對實現中華民族偉大復興的堅定信念；一定要戒驕戒躁、艱苦奮斗，牢記社會主義初級階段基本國情，為黨和人民事業不懈努力；一定要刻苦學習、埋頭苦干，不斷創造經得起實踐、人民、歷史檢驗的業績；一定要加強團結、顧全大局，自覺維護全黨的團結統一，保持黨同人民群眾的血肉聯系，鞏固全國各族人民的大團結，加強海內外中華兒女的大團結，促進中國人民同世界各國人民的大團結，為戰勝一切艱難險阻、推動黨和人民事業取得新的更大勝利提供強大力量。

All Party members must be keenly aware that it will take more than a decade of continued efforts to reach the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and decades more to realize modernization by and large, and that it will require unremitting efforts by several, a dozen or even dozens of generations to consolidate and develop the socialist system.We are bound to meet with difficulties and risks in our endeavor.We must therefore stay prepared for adversities in times of peace, be mindful of potential dangers, and always maintain our firm faith in Marxism, socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.We must guard against arrogance and rashness, preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle, bear firmly in mind the basic reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism, and work tirelessly for the cause of the Party and the people.We must study and work diligently and keep scoring achievements that can stand the test of practice and time to the satisfaction of the people.We must reinforce unity, bear the overall interests in mind, conscientiously uphold the solidarity and unity of the whole Patty, maintain close ties between the Party and the people, cement the great unity of the people of all ethnic groups, and enhance the great solidarity of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation at home and overseas and of the Chinese people and peoples of other countries, which will give us immense strength to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and achieve new, greater victories in the cause of the Party and the people.讓我們高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，更加緊密地團結在黨中央周圍，萬眾一心，開拓奮進，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利、譜寫人民美好生活新篇章而努力奮斗！

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Let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, rally more closely around the Central Committee, unite as one, forge ahead in a pioneering spirit, and work hard to achieve new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and write a new chapter of happy life for the people!

3月5日（星期一）上午9時，第十一屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議在人民大會堂開幕，聽取國務院總理溫家寶作政府工作報告，審查年度計劃報告和預算報告。以下為十一屆全國人大五次會議開幕會及政府工作報告全文：

各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

一、2011年工作回顧

過去的一年，面對復雜多變的國際政治經濟環境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展任務，全國各族人民在中國共產黨領導下，同心同德，團結奮進，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

國內生產總值47.2萬億元，比上年增長9.2%；公共財政收入10.37萬億元，增長24.8%；糧食產量1.14萬億斤，再創歷史新高；城鎮新增就業1221萬人，城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入實際增長8.4%和11.4%。我們鞏固和擴大了應對國際金融危機沖擊成果，實現了“十二五”時期良好開局。

一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

(一)加強和改善宏觀調控，遏制物價過快上漲，實現經濟平穩較快發展。我們實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，堅持正確處理保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，更加注重把握好政策實施的重點、力度和節奏，努力做到調控審慎靈活、適時適度，不斷提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。

在全球通脹預期不斷增強，國際市場大宗商品價格高位波動，國內要素成本明顯上升，部分農產品供給偏緊的嚴峻形勢下，我們把穩定物價總水平作為宏觀調控的首要任務，堅持綜合施策，合理運用貨幣政策工具，調節貨幣信貸增速，大力發展生產，保障供給，搞活流通，加強監管，居民消費價格指數、工業生產者出廠價格指數漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉了一度過快上漲勢頭。

下半年，世界經濟不穩定性不確定性上升，國內經濟運行出現一些新情況新問題，我們一方面堅持宏觀調控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經濟政策基本穩定，繼續控制通貨膨脹；一方面適時適度預調微調，加強信貸政策與產業政策的協調配合，加大結構性減稅力度，重點支持實體經濟特別是小型微型企業，重點支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點保證國家重大在建、續建項目的資金需要，有針對性地解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾。

我們堅定不移地加強房地產市場調控，確保調控政策落到實處、見到實效。投機、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數城市房價環比下降，調控效果正在顯現。我們高度重視防范和化解財政金融領域的潛在風險隱患，及時對地方政府性債務進行全面審計，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務的總規模、形成原因、償還時限和區域分布。這些債務在經濟社會發展中發揮了積極作用，形成了大量優質資產；也存在一些風險隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區存在局部性風險。

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我們認真開展債務清理整頓和規范工作，嚴格控制增量，積極穩妥解決債務償還和在建項目后續融資問題。目前，我國政府性債務水平是可控的、安全的。總的看，我國國民經濟繼續朝著宏觀調控預期方向發展，抗風險能力不斷增強，呈現增長較快、價格趨穩、效益較好、民生改善的良好態勢。

(二)加快轉變經濟發展方式，提高發展的協調性和產業的競爭力。我們堅持有扶有控，促進結構調整和優化升級，增強發展后勁。

鞏固和加強農業基礎。全面落實強農惠農富農政策，加大農業生產補貼力度，穩步提高糧食最低收購價，加強以農田水利為重點的農業農村基礎設施建設，開展農村土地整治，加強農業科技服務和抗災減災，中央財政“三農”支出超過1萬億元，比上年增加1839億元。農業全面豐收，糧食總產量實現了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續5年超萬億斤，標志著我國糧食綜合生產能力穩定躍上新臺階。

繼續推進農村危房改造，解決了6398萬農村人口的飲水困難和60萬無電地區人口的用電問題，農村生產生活條件進一步改善。加快產業結構優化升級。大力培育戰略性新興產業，新能源、新材料、生物醫藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發展，三網融合、云計算、物聯網試點示范工作步伐加快。企業兼并重組取得新進展。

支持重點產業振興和技術改造，中央預算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個項目，帶動總投資3000億元。加快發展信息咨詢、電子商務等現代服務業，新興服務領域不斷拓寬。交通運輸產業快速發展，經濟社會發展的基礎進一步夯實。

推進節能減排和生態環境保護。發布實施“十二五”節能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強環境保護重點工作的意見。清潔能源發電裝機達到2.9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬千瓦。加強重點節能環保工程建設，新增城鎮污水日處理能力1100萬噸，5000多萬千瓦新增燃煤發電機組全部安裝脫硫設施。加大對高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業的調控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產能1.5億噸、煉鐵產能3122萬噸、焦炭產能1925萬噸。

實施天然林保護二期工程并提高補助標準，實行草原生態保護獎補政策，開展湖泊生態環境保護試點。植樹造林9200多萬畝。

促進區域經濟協調發展。深入實施區域發展總體戰略和全國主體功能區規劃。出臺實施促進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展的一系列優惠政策。制定實施新10年農村扶貧開發綱要和興邊富民行動規劃。區域發展協調性進一步增強，中西部和東北地區主要經濟指標增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區產業轉型升級步伐加快。

城鎮化率超過50%，這是中國社會結構的一個歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災后恢復重建任務，積極推進青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災救災和恢復重建工作。

(三)大力發展社會事業，促進經濟社會協調發展。各級政府加大對科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育事業的投入，全國財政支出2.82萬億元。

持續提升科技創新能力。加強基礎研究和前沿技術研究。實施國家科技重大專項，突破一些關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。天宮一號目標飛行器與神舟八號飛船先后成功發射并順利交會對接，成為我國載人航天發展史上新的里程碑。

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扎實推進教育公平。深入貫徹落實教育改革和發展規劃綱要。經過25年堅持不懈的努力，全面實現“兩基”目標。免除3000多萬名農村寄宿制學生住宿費，其中1228萬名中西部家庭經濟困難學生享受生活補助。建立起完整的家庭經濟困難學生資助體系。初步解決農民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育的問題。

推動實施“學前教育三年行動計劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發展職業教育。加強中小學教師培訓工作，擴大中小學教師職稱制度改革試點，提高中小學教師隊伍整體素質。首屆免費師范生全部到中小學任教，90%以上在中西部。

大力加強文化建設。中央財政加大對文化惠民工程的支持，各地對公益性文化事業投入顯著增加。擴大公共文化設施免費開放范圍，服務面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續推進，文化產業快速發展。文物保護、非物質文化遺產保護和傳承取得重要進展。大力加強群眾體育設施建設，全民健身活動蓬勃開展，體育事業取得新成績。

積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。基本醫療保險覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，13億城鄉居民參保，全民醫保體系初步形成。政策范圍內住院費用報銷比例提高，重大疾病醫療保障病種范圍進一步擴大。各級財政對城鎮居民醫保和新農合的補助標準由每人每年120元提高到200元。國家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫療衛生機構實現全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價格下降。公立醫院改革試點有序進行。基層醫療衛生服務體系基本建成。基本公共衛生服務均等化取得新進展。

(四)切實保障和改善民生，解決關系群眾切身利益的問題。我們堅持民生優先，努力使發展成果惠及全體人民，促進社會公平正義。

實施更加積極的就業政策。多渠道開發就業崗位，全力推動以創業帶動就業，加強職業技能培訓和公共就業服務體系建設。加大財政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進高校畢業生、農民工等重點人群就業。高校畢業生初次就業率77.8%，同比提高1.2個百分點。農民工總量2.53億人，比上年增長4.4%，其中，外出農民工1.59億人，增長3.4%。

積極調整收入分配關系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農村居民人均純收入實際增速為1985年以來最高，連續兩年快于城鎮居民；各地普遍較大幅度調高最低工資標準；連續第7年提高企業退休人員基本養老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬人受益；進一步提高城鄉低保補助水平以及部分優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準，對全國城鄉低保對象、農村五保供養對象等8600多萬名困難群眾發放一次性生活補貼；建立社會救助和保障標準與物價上漲掛鉤的聯動機制。擴大中等收入者所占比重。

個人所得稅起征點從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬個體工商戶稅負。中央決定將農民人均純收入2300元(2010年不變價)作為新的國家扶貧標準，比2009年提高92%，把更多農村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會的巨大進步。

加強社會保障體系建設。社會保障覆蓋范圍繼續擴大，全國參加城鎮基本養老保險、失業保險、工傷保險和生育保險人數大幅增加。2147個縣(市、區)實施城鎮居民社會養老保險試點，1334萬人參保，641萬人領取養老金。2343個縣(市、區)開展新型農村社會養老保險試點，3.58億人參保，9880萬人領取養老金，覆蓋面擴大到60%以上。

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解決了500多萬名集體企業退休人員養老保障的歷史遺留問題。將312萬名企業“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養親屬納入工傷保險統籌管理。養老保險跨地區轉移接續工作有序推進。社會保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進基本公共服務均等化取得的重要成就。

大力推進保障性安居工程建設。出臺關于保障性安居工程建設和管理的指導意見，完善財政投入、土地供應、信貸支持、稅費減免等政策，著力提高規劃建設和工程質量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城鎮保障性住房基本建成432萬套，新開工建設1043萬套。

努力維護社會公共安全。加強安全生產監管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調查、問責工作。完善食品安全監管體制機制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產加工行為。堅持以人為本、服務為先，加強和創新社會管理，著力排查化解各類社會矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動，保持社會和諧穩定。

(五)深入推進改革開放，為經濟社會發展注入新的活力和動力。我們按照“十二五”規劃提出的改革任務，加大攻堅力度，推動重點領域和關鍵環節的改革。

完善公共財政體系特別是預算管理制度，把預算外資金全部納入預算管理，擴大國有資本經營預算實施范圍，深化部門預算改革，推進政府預算、決算公開，98個中央部門和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開“三公經費”。在全國范圍實施原油、天然氣資源稅從價計征改革，出臺營業稅改征增值稅試點方案。把跨境貿易人民幣結算范圍擴大到全國，啟動境外直接投資人民幣結算試點，開展外商直接投資人民幣結算業務。

深化集體林權制度改革，啟動國有林場改革試點，依法開展草原承包經營登記。推進水利建設管理體制改革，創新水資源管理體制。深化國有企業改革。啟動實施電網主輔分離改革重組以及上網電價和非居民用電價格調整方案。基本完成鄉鎮機構改革。事業單位分類改革有序開展。

我們堅持出口和進口并重，利用外資和對外投資并舉，全面提升開放型經濟水平。積極推進市場多元化戰略，努力優化貿易結構。全年貨物進出口總額3.64萬億美元，增長22.5%，其中，出口增長20.3%，進口增長24.9%，貿易順差進一步下降。實際使用外商直接投資1160億美元，服務業和中西部地區比重提高。企業“走出去”步伐加快，非金融類對外直接投資601億美元。積極參與國際和區域經濟合作，多邊雙邊經貿關系繼續深化。

我們在民主法制建設、國防和軍隊建設、港澳臺工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進展。

過去一年的成績來之不易，顯示了中國特色社會主義的優越性和生命力，增強了中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央科學決策、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民齊心協力、頑強拼搏的結果。

我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

我們也清醒地看到，我國經濟社會發展仍然面臨不少困難和挑戰。從國際看，世界經濟復蘇進程艱難曲折，國際金融危機還在發展，一些國家主權債務危機短期內難以緩解。主要發達經濟體失業率居高難下，增長動力不足，新興經濟體面臨通貨膨脹和經濟增速回落的雙重壓力。主要貨幣匯率劇烈波動，大宗商品價格大幅震蕩。國際貿易投

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資保護主義強化。從國內看，解決體制性結構性矛盾，緩解發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題更為迫切、難度更大，經濟運行中又出現不少新情況新問題。

主要是：經濟增長存在下行壓力，物價水平仍處高位，房地產市場調控處于關鍵階段，農業穩定發展、農民持續增收難度加大，就業總量壓力與結構性矛盾并存，一些企業特別是小型微型企業經營困難增多，部分行業產能過剩凸顯，能源消費總量增長過快。一些長期矛盾與短期問題相互交織，結構性因素和周期性因素相互作用，國內問題和國際問題相互關聯，宏觀調控面臨更加復雜的局面。

政府工作仍存在一些缺點和不足，節能減排、物價調控目標沒有完成；征地拆遷、安全生產、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面問題還很突出，群眾反映強烈；政府管理和服務水平有待提高，廉政建設亟需加強。

我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切實解決存在的問題，努力把各項工作做得更好，決不辜負人民的重托。

二、2012年工作總體部署

今年是“十二五”時期承前啟后的重要一年，也是本屆政府任期的最后一年。我們要恪盡職守、銳意進取、攻堅克難、決不懈怠，交出一份人民滿意的答卷。

我國發展仍處于重要戰略機遇期，在較長時期內繼續保持經濟平穩較快發展具備不少有利條件。工業化、城鎮化和農業現代化快速推進，消費結構和產業結構升級蘊藏著巨大的需求潛力；經過30多年改革開放，我國發展建立了良好的物質基礎和體制條件，宏觀調控經驗不斷豐富，企業競爭力和抗風險能力明顯提高；東部地區創新發展能力增強，中西部地區和東北等老工業基地發展潛力有序釋放；經濟發展的傳統優勢依然存在，勞動力資源豐富、素質提高；財政收支狀況良好，金融體系運行穩健，社會資金比較充裕。

世界經濟政治格局正在發生深刻變化，和平、發展、合作仍然是時代潮流，總體上有利于我國和平發展。我們要堅定信心，善于運用有利條件和積極因素，繼續抓住和用好重要戰略機遇期，推動經濟平穩較快發展，不斷增強我國的綜合國力和國際影響力。

我們要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，堅持穩中求進，加強和改善宏觀調控，繼續處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，加快推進經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，著力擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，著力加強自主創新和節能減排，著力深化改革開放，著力保障和改善民生，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設，努力實現經濟平穩較快發展和物價總水平基本穩定，保持社會和諧穩定，以經濟社會發展的優異成績迎接黨的十八大勝利召開。

今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長7.5%；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6%以內；居民消費價格漲幅控制在4%左右；進出口總額增長10%左右，國際收支狀況繼續改善。同時，要在產業結構調整、自主創新、節能減排等方面取得新進展，城鄉居民收入實際增長和經濟增長保持同步。

這里要著重說明，國內生產總值增長目標略微調低，主要是要與“十二五”規劃目標逐步銜接，引導各方面把工作著力點放到加快轉變經濟發展方式、切實提高經濟發展質量和效益上來，以利于實現更長時期、更高水平、更

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好質量發展。提出居民消費價格漲幅控制在4%左右，綜合考慮了輸入性通脹因素、要素成本上升影響以及居民承受能力，也為價格改革預留一定空間。

綜合考慮各方面情況，要繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，根據形勢變化適時適度預調微調，進一步提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。

繼續實施積極的財政政策。保持適度的財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字8000億元，赤字率下降到1.5%左右，其中中央財政赤字5500億元，代發地方債2500億元。優化財政支出結構、突出重點，更加注重向民生領域傾斜，加大對教育、文化、醫療衛生、就業、社會保障、保障性安居工程等方面的投入。更加注重加強薄弱環節，加大對“三農”、欠發達地區、科技創新和節能環保、水利、地質找礦等的支持。更加注重勤儉節約，嚴格控制“三公經費”，大力精簡會議和文件，深化公務用車制度改革，進一步降低行政成本。

繼續控制樓堂館所建設規模和標準，壓縮大型運動會場館建設投入。全面加強對重點領域、重點部門和重點資金的審計。實施結構性減稅。認真落實和完善支持小型微型企業和個體工商戶發展的各項稅收優惠政策，開展營業稅改征增值稅試點。繼續對行政事業性收費和政府性基金進行清理、整合和規范。加強地方政府性債務管理和風險防范。按照分類管理、區別對待、逐步化解的原則，繼續妥善處理存量債務。

進一步清理規范地方政府融資平臺公司。堅決禁止各級政府以各種形式違規擔保、承諾。同時，把短期應對措施和長期制度建設結合起來，嚴格控制地方政府新增債務，將地方政府債務收支分類納入預算管理。

繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策。按照總量適度、審慎靈活的要求，兼顧促進經濟平穩較快發展、保持物價穩定和防范金融風險。綜合運用各種貨幣政策工具，調節好貨幣信貸供求，保持社會融資規模合理增長。廣義貨幣預期增長14%。優化信貸結構，支持國家重點在建、續建項目和保障性安居工程建設，加強對符合產業政策、有市場需求的企業特別是小型微型企業的信貸支持，切實降低實體經濟融資成本。

繼續嚴格控制對高耗能、高污染和產能過剩行業的貸款。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強人民幣匯率雙向浮動彈性，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。大力發展外匯市場，豐富外匯產品。為市場主體提供更多的匯率避險工具，管好用好外匯儲備。建立健全系統性金融風險防范和監管協調機制，增強抵御風險能力。加強跨境資本流動監控。規范各類借貸行為，引導民間融資健康發展。

全面做好今年的工作，必須堅持突出主題、貫穿主線、統籌兼顧、協調推進，把穩增長、控物價、調結構、惠民生、抓改革、促和諧更好地結合起來。穩增長，就是要堅持擴大內需、穩定外需，大力發展實體經濟，努力克服國內外各種不穩定不確定因素的影響，及時解決苗頭性、傾向性問題，保持經濟平穩運行。控物價，就是要繼續采取綜合措施，保持物價總水平基本穩定，防止價格走勢反彈。

調結構，就是要有扶有控，提高經濟增長質量和效益，增強發展的協調性和可持續性。惠民生，就是要堅持把保障改善民生作為工作的根本出發點和落腳點，把促進社會公平正義放在更加突出的位置，切實辦成一些讓人民群眾得實惠的好事實事。抓改革，就是要以更大的決心和氣力推進改革開放，著力解決影響經濟長期健康發展的體制性、結構性矛盾，在一些重點領域和關鍵環節取得新突破。以開放促改革、促發展、促創新。促和諧，就是要正確處理改革、發展、穩定三者關系，積極有效化解各種矛盾和風險隱患，防止局部性問題演變成全局性問題，促進社會和諧穩定。

三、2012年主要任務

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第二篇：十七大報告重點詞匯中英文對照

十七大報告重點詞匯中英文對照

前 言

高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，為奪取全Hold high the great banner of socialism with

Chinese characteristics and strive for new 面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗

victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.At a crucial stage of 在……關鍵階段

Follow the guidance of 以……為指導

The important thought of Three Represents 三個代表重要思想

Scientific Outlook on Development 科學發展觀

Emancipate the mind 解放思想

In contemporary China 當代中國

People of all ethnic groups 全國各族人民

Magic instrument 法寶

Provide a strong driving force for 強大動力

Represent the fundamental interests of sb 根本利益所在

Undergo extensive and profound changes 發生廣泛而深刻的變化

Going through a wide-ranging and deep-going 發生廣泛而深刻的變革

transformation

With opportunities outweighing challenges 機遇大于挑戰

Starting from this period of historical point 從新的歷史起點出發

Important period of strategic opportunities 重要戰略機遇期

Stay realistic and pragmatic 求真務實

Forging ahead with determination 銳意進取

Accomplish the lofty mission bestowed by the 完成時代賦予的崇高使命

times

一、過去五年的工作

Create a new situation in the cause of 開創了……事業新局面

Attain a new realm in adapting Marxism to 開拓了馬克思主義中國化新境界

conditions in China Establish …as its guide 確立……的指導地位

Make the strategic decision to 作出……的戰略決策

Deepen institutional restructuring 深化機構改革

Strengthen the governance capacity of the 加強黨的執政能力建設

Party

Draw up the Eleventh Five-Year Plan 制定“十一五”規劃

Major issues of overall significance 關系全局的重大問題

Formulate and apply 提出并貫徹 取得新的重大成就 經濟實力大幅提升 經濟保持平穩快速發展 經濟效益

社會主義新農村 自主創新能力 載人航天飛行 取得新進展/進步 農業稅 牧業稅 特產稅

支農惠農政策

金融 財稅

非公有制經濟 宏觀調控 政府職能 “走出去”戰略 開放型經濟

最低生活保障制度 消費結構

市場體系不斷健全 民主法制 政治體制改革 穩步推進

人民代表大會制度

中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度

民族區域自治制度 基層民主活力增強 愛國統一戰線 依法治國 行政管理體制 司法體制 文化建設

社會主義核心價值體系 扎實推進

馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程 思想道德建設廣泛開展 全社會文明程度進一步提高

Score great new achievements

Economic strength increased substantially The economy sustained steady and rapid growth

Economic performance A new socialist countryside

Capacity for independent innovation Manned spaceflights

Fresh progress was registered in … Agricultural tax Livestock tax

Taxes on special agricultural products

Policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers Banking

Public finance and taxation

Non-public sector of the economy Macroeconomic regulation Government functions “go global” strategy Open economy

The system of subsistence allowance Consumption patterns

A sound market was being put in place.Democracy and legal system Political restructuring Progress steadily

System of people’s congress

System of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC System of regional ethnic autonomy

Primary-level democracy increased its vitality Patriotic united front Rule of law

Government administration system Judicial system

Cultural development

System of socialist core values Efforts to …..make steady headway

Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory Extensive efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards.The whole of society became more culturally advanced.文化體制改革

文化事業和文化產業 精神文化生活 全民健身運動 競技體育

抗擊非典取得重大勝利 公共衛生體系 基本醫療服務 安居樂業 軍隊 軍事變革 履行歷史使命 制定反分裂國家法 領土完整 全方位

獨立自主的和平外交政策 執政能力

保持共產黨員先進性教育活動取得重大成果 黨內民主

領導班子和干部隊伍 干部人事制度

黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭 清醒意識到 不小差距 代價過大 難度加大

司法和社會治安

關系群眾切身利益的問題 生活比較困難

思想道德建設有待加強 基層黨組織軟弱渙散 作風不正 形式主義 官僚主義

綜合國力大幅度提升 人民得到更多實惠 國際地位

黨的創造力、凝聚力、戰斗力Cultural restructuring

Cultural programs and cultural industry Cultural life

Public fitness programs Competitive sports

The battle against SARS came to a great victory.Public health system Basic medical care

Live and work in peace and contentment The armed forces

Revolution in military affairs

Accomplish their historical missions Anti-Secession Law was enacted Territorial integrity All-directional

Independent foreign policy of peace Governance capacity

The campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature Yield substantial results Intra-Party democracy

Leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres Cadre and personnel system

Improve the Party’s style of work, upholding integrity and combating corruption Be well aware that… Fall short of

At an excessively high cost of It has become more difficult to

Administration of justice and public order Problems affecting people’s immediate interests in areas such as Lead a rather difficult life

More efforts are needed to promote ideological and ethical progress.Primary Party organizations are week and lax.Not honest and upright Formalism Bureaucratism

China’s overall strength grew considerably.People enjoy more tangible benefits International standing

Creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness

民主黨派 人民團體 各界愛國人士 僑胞

of the Party

Democratic parties People’s organizations

Patriots from all walks of life Overseas Chinese nationals

二、改革開放的偉大歷史進程

十一屆三中全會

開啟了改革開放歷史新時期

一往無前的進取精神

波瀾壯闊的創新實踐

譜寫了……史詩

中華民族自強不息、頑強奮進在新的時代條件下

新的偉大革命

社會生產力

實現國家現代化

振興偉大的中華民族

自我完善

賦予……新的生機活力

黨的建設

保持和發展黨的先進性

走在時代前列

第一代中央領導集體

艱辛探索

歷經艱辛

社會主義建設規律

新民主主義革命

根本政治前提和制度基礎

實事求是

以階級斗爭為綱

工作中心

社會主義初級階段

基本路線

吹響……的時代號角

繼承

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

Usher in the new historical period of reform and opening up

In an indomitable enterprising spirit With spectacular practice of innovation Compose an epic recounting… Chinese nation’s ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger In a new era A great new revolution Productive forces Modernize the country Achieve the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

Self-improvement Inject new vitality into The building of the Party Preserve and enhance its vanguard nature In the forefront of the times First generation of the central collective leadership

Painstaking exploration for Going through all the hardships Laws governing socialist construction New-democratic revolution Fundamental political prerequisite and institutional basis

Seeking truth from facts Take class struggle as the key link Focus of the work Primary stage of socialism The basic line for Sound the clarion call of the times for … Carry on 重大歷史關頭 與時俱進 政治** 依靠

開創全面開放新局面 以……為指導 順應……形勢

發揚求真務實、開拓進取精神 堅定不移地把……繼續推向前進 最鮮明的特點 全面改革 勢不可擋

沿海、沿江、沿邊

毅然決然

歷史上從未有過的 極大地調動積極性

高度集中的計劃經濟體制 充滿活力的

面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來 巍然屹立在世界東方 現代化建設“三步走”戰略 以世界上少有的速度 一度瀕臨崩潰的邊緣 躍至世界第四

溫飽不足 總體小康 舉世矚目

穩定地走上了富裕安康的廣闊道路 最突出的標志

馬克思主義思想路線 煥發出勃勃生機 事實雄辯地證明 一帆風順 一蹴而就 最根本的是 符合黨心民心 沒有出路

堅持四項基本原則 At a critical historical juncture Keep up with the times Political turbulences Rely on

Usher in a new phase of all-round opening up Follow the guidance of Keep up with

Promote the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit

Resolutely carry forward… The most salient feature Sweeping reform

With irresistible momentum

Coastal areas, areas along the Yangtze River and the borders Resolutely

Never seen before in history

Greatly stimulate the enthusiasm of A highly centralized planned economy Robust

Oriented toward modernization, the world and the future

Stand rock-firm in the East

Three-step strategy for modernization At a rate rarely seen in the world Once on the verge of collapse

Has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world

Inadequately fed and clad

Lead a fairly comfortable life on the whole Capture the world attention

Move steadily toward prosperity and happiness

Prominent hallmark Marxist ideological line Show great vitality

Facts have incontrovertibly proved that Be plain sailing

Be accomplished overnight Essentially

Accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people Would only lead to a blind alley Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles 首創精神 經濟基礎 上層建筑 社會生產力 文明素質 提高效率 社會公平擺脫貧困 理論體系 開辟……道路 社會主義民主政治 社會主義先進文化 社會主義和諧社會 文明的 最近成果 精神財富 共同思想基礎

《共產黨宣言》的發表

煥發出強大的生命力、創造力、感召力

實踐永無止境，創新永無止盡 勇于變革、勇于創新 永不僵化、永不停滯

三、深入貫徹落實科學發展觀

Continuation and development 繼承和發展

World outlook 世界觀

Methodology 方法論

A concentrated expression of 集中體現

In the same line as 一脈相承

Guiding principle for 指導方針

Basic reality 基本國情

The overall productivity remains low.生產力水平總體上還不高

Longstanding 長期形成的

Structural problems 機構性矛盾

Extensive mode of growth 粗放型增長方式

Yet to be fundamentally addressed 尚未根本改變

Structural and institutional obstacles 體制機制障礙

Further reforms in difficult areas 改革攻堅

Deep-seated problems 深層次矛盾和問題

As a whole 總體上

A relatively comfortable standard of living 小康水平

Pioneering initiative Economic base Superstructure Productive forces

Cultural and ethical quality Raise efficiency Social equity Eliminate poverty A system of theory Blaze a path of

Socialist democracy

An advanced socialist culture A harmonious socialist society Culturally advanced Latest achievement Intellectual assets

Common ideological foundation

The publication of the Communist Manifesto Demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal

There is no end to practice or innovation.Make bold changes and innovations Stay away from rigidity or stagnation 根本扭轉 相當數量

統籌兼顧各方面利益 農業基礎

縮小城鄉、區域發展差距 依法治國 扎實貫徹 擴大人民民主 政治體制改革

思想活動的獨立性、選擇性、多變性、差異性

提出了更高的要求 社會結構 社會組織形式 社會利益格局 面臨諸多新課題 不懈努力 生產力 生產關系 社會主要矛盾 日益增長的 具體表現 妄自菲薄 自甘落后

脫離實際, 急于求成 保持清醒頭腦 全面參與

工業化、信息化、城鎮化、市場化、國際化 深刻把握

開拓……更為廣闊的前景 第一要義是發展 核心是以人為本 統籌兼顧 執政興國 第一要務

具有決定性意義 科教興國 人才強國 轉變發展方式 破解發展難題 提高質量和效益 團結和睦 Thoroughly reversed A considerable number of

Accommodate the interests of all sides Foundation of agriculture

Narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps Rule of law

We made steady progress in Expand people’s democracy Political restructuring

People have become more independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking.Set higher requirements for Structure of society

The way society is organized Pattern of social interests

New issues have emerged in … Unremitting efforts Productive forces

Relations of production

Society’s principal contradiction Ever-growing

A concrete manifestation of Belittle ourselves

Wallow in backwardness

Unrealistic pursuit of quick results Remain sober-minded Full involvement in

Industrialized, information-based, urbanized, market-oriented and internationalized Have a good grasp of

Open up a broader vista of

Take development as its essence Put people first as its core Overall consideration

Governing and rejuvenating the country Top priority

Of decisive significance

Rejuvenating the country through science and technology

Strengthen the nation with trained personnel Transform the mode of development Crack hard issues

Raise quality and efficiency Unity and amity 全心全意為人民服務 一切奮斗和工作 最廣大人民 出發點和落腳點 主體地位

發展為了人民、發展依靠人民、發展成果由人民共享 總體布局

各個環節、各個方面 協調 生產發展 文明發展道路

資源節約型、環境友好型社會 城鄉發展 區域發展

局部利益和整體利益 當前利益和長遠利益 充分調動各方面積極性

樹立世界眼光，加強戰略思維 營造良好國際環境

總攬全局

“一個中心、兩個基本點”的基本路線

生命線

興旺發達和長治久安 立國之本 本質屬性

貫穿……全過程 社會物質財富 社會公平正義 一貫主張

充滿活力、安定有序

人民最關心、最直接、最現實的利益問題 各盡其能、各得其所 治國理政 體制改革創新 關鍵環節

Serving the people wholeheartedly Every endeavor

The overwhelming majority of the people The aim and outcome Principal position

Development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing in its fruits.Overall arrangement All links and aspects Coordinate/balance Expanded production

An enlightened approach to development

Resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society

Urban and rural development Development among regions

Interests of the part and those of the whole Immediate and long-term interests Fully arouse the initiative of all sides

Develop a global and strategic perspective Work for a favorable international environment

Work from an overall perspective

Taking economic development as the central task and upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “one central task and two basic points” Lifeblood

Robust growth and lasting stability

The very foundation for building our country An essential attribute of Throughout the cause of Material wealth of society Social equity and justice Consistent position

Vigor and vitality, stability and order

The most specific problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people

A situation in which all people do their best, find their proper places in society Governance

Institutional reform and innovation Crucial link 切實 執政興國

把握科學發展觀的科學內涵和精神實質

自覺性和堅定性 制約

In earnest

Governance and rejuvenating the nation

Fully understand the content and grasp the essence of the Scientific Outlook on Development

Conscious and determined constrain

四、實現全面建設小康社會奮斗目標的新要求

Basic program 基本綱領

Ensure sound and rapid economic growth 實現經濟又好又快發展

Improve economic returns 提高效益

quadruple 翻兩番

Capacity for independent innovation 自主創新能力

Scientific and technological advance 科技進步

The ratio of consumption 居民消費率

Interactive 互動

Layout of development priority zones 主體功能區布局

Participation in political affairs 政治參與

Carry out more thoroughly 深入落實

Public awareness of law will be further 全社會法制觀念進一步增強

enhanced.Government administration based on the rule 法制政府建設

of law

Cultural and ethical quality 文明素質

Prevail among the people 深入人心

Ideological and ethical trends 思想道德風尚

Every aspect of 全面

National education 國民教育

Education attainment 受教育程度

Employment will be further expanded 社會就業更加充分

System of social security 社會保障體系

Make up the majority 占多數

Circular economy 循環經濟

Conservation culture 生態文明

Structure of industries 產業結構

Pattern of growth 增長方式

Mode of consumption 消費模式

Be brought under effective control 得到有效控制

Country with an ancient civilization 歷史悠久的文明古國

Enhance our confidence 堅定信心

五、促進國民經濟又好又快發展

轉變經濟增長方式

大力推進經濟結構戰略性調整

節能環保

社會主義市場經濟規律

綜合國力

關鍵

國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要

前沿技術研究

社會公益性技術研究

促進科技成果向現實生產力轉化

科技成果產業化

激勵機制

一線的創新人才

使全社會創新智慧競相迸發,各方面創新人才大量涌現

緊迫

擴大國內需求

新型工業化道路

高新技術產業

重中之重

支農惠農政策

保護耕地

鄉鎮企業

轉移農民就業

金融體制

適度規模經營

節能減排

責任制

實現基本公共服務均等化

生產要素

西部大開發

Transformation of the development pattern Vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring

Energy and environment conservation Laws governing the socialist market economy Overall national strength A crucial link Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development(2006-20)Research in frontier technology Technological research for public welfare Promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces

Application of scientific and technological achievements in production Incentive mechanism Innovative personnel in the frontline of production

Inspire the creative wisdom of the whole

society and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel in all areas Pressing Boost domestic demand New path of industrialization New-and high-technological industries Make it a top priority Support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers

Protect arable land Rural enterprises Transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels Banking system Appropriate large-scale operations Conserving energy and reducing emissions Responsibility system Ensure equal access to basic public services Factors of production Large-scale development of the western region

Rejuvenate northeast China and other old 全面振興東北地區等老工業基地

industrial bases Take the lead 率先發展

Economic rims and belts 經濟圈和經濟帶

革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區 Old revolutionary base areas, ethnic

autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas Overall carrying capacity 綜合承載能力

City clusters 城市群

Poles of economic growth 經濟增長極

公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展 Public ownership is dominant and different

economic sectors develop side by side Non-public sector 非公有制經濟

Reinforce each other 相互促進

Deepen the reform to introduce the corporate 深化國有企業公司制股份制改革

and shareholding systems Distribution and structure 布局和結構

Enhance its dynamism, dominance and 增強活力、控制力、影響力

influence

Government regulation 政府監管

Public oversight 社會監督

Collective-owned enterprises 集體企業

Social credibility system 社會信用體系

Public finance system 公共財政體系

Have financial resources proportionate to their 財力和事權相匹配

duties and responsibilities General transfer payments 一般性轉移支付

Compensation systems for use of resources 生態環境補償機制

and for damage to the ecological environment RMB exchange rate regime 人民幣匯率形成機制

Make the RMB convertible under capital 實現資本項目可兌換

accounts

Expand opening up in scope and depth 拓展對外開放廣度和深度

“bring in” and “go global” “引進來”和“走出去”

Processing trade 加工貿易

六、堅定不移發展社會主義民主政治

Make vigorous yet steady efforts to 積極穩妥推進

Political restructuring 政治體制改革

The position of the people as the masters of 人民當家作主的地位

the country

System of self-governance at the primary level of society

Arouse the initiative of the people 調動人民積極性

Socialist country under the rule of law 社會主義法治國家

Socialist political civilization 社會主義政治文明

堅持黨總攬大局、協調各方的領導核心作用 Uphold the Party’s role as the core of the 基層群眾自治制度

科學執政、民主執政、依法執政

各個層次、各個領域

最廣泛地

合法權益

制度化、規范化、程序化

豐富……形式

民主選舉

知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權

履行職能

優化組成人員知識結構和年齡結構

團結和民主

民主監督

參政議政

公開聽取意見

公益事業

基礎性工程

管理有序、服務完善、文明祥和

職工代表大會

企事業單位

社會主義法治國家

科學立法、民主立法

法律面前一律平等

統一、尊嚴、權威

司法體制

審判機關、檢察機關

政法隊伍

保證嚴格、公正、文明執法

法制宣傳

學法守法用法 leadership in directing the overall situation and coordinating the efforts of all quarters Scientific, democratic and law-based governance

At each level and in every field As extensively as possible Legitimate rights and interests Define institutions, standards and procedures Diversity its forms Democratic election Rights to be informed, to participate, be heard, and to oversee

Perform their functions Improve their membership composition in terms of intellectual background and age Unity and democracy Democratic oversight Participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs Public hearings Public service programs Groundwork Well-managed, supported by complete services, and filled with civility and harmony Workers’ conferences Enterprises and public institutions Socialist country under the rule of law Scientific and democratic legislation All citizens are equal before the law Consistency, sanctity and authority Judiciary system Courts and procuratorates Judicial, procuratorial and public security personnel

Ensure that law enforcement is strict, impartial and civilized

Increase public awareness of law Study, abide by and apply laws Patriotic united front 愛國統一戰線

Enhance unity and pool strengths 增進團結、凝聚力量

長期共存、互相監督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共 Long-term coexistence, mutual oversight，sincerity and sharing of both good and bad times

Personages without party affiliation 無黨派人士

Non-CPC persons 黨外干部

Overseas Chinese nationals 海外僑胞

Returned overseas Chinese and relatives 歸僑僑眷

Administration system 行政管理體制

Service-oriented government 服務型政府

E-government 電子政務

Administrative law-enforcement agencies 行政執法部門

Local departments directly under central 垂直管理部門

government organs

Overlapping organization and functions and 機構重疊、職責交叉、政出多門

conflicting policies from different departments Improve the mechanism of restraint and 完善制約和監督機制

oversight

Decision-making, enforcing and oversight 決策權、執行權、監督權

powers Resignation 引咎辭職

Recall 罷免

The oversight role of public opinion 輿論監督

七、推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮

Cohesion 凝聚力

Advanced socialist culture 社會主義先進文化

Inspire the enthusiasm of the people for 使人民精神風貌更加昂揚向上

progress

Inspire the people 鼓舞斗志

Socialist maxims of honors and disgraces 社會主義榮辱觀

Guide social ethos 引領風尚

Make every effort to carry out 大力推進

Distinct characters of practice, of the Chinese 鮮明的實踐特色、民族特色、時代特色

nation and of the times

Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory 馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程

Provide in-depth answers to 深入回答

Cultural and ethical progress 精神文明建設

Guide the trends of thought 引領社會思潮

Respect divergence and allow diversity 尊重差異、包容多樣

Academic disciplines, academic viewpoints 科學體系、學術觀點 思想庫

優秀成果、優秀人才

和諧文化

文明風尚

新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術事業

弘揚社會正氣

進城務工人員

網絡環境

誠信意識

社會公德

職業道德

家庭美德

個人品德

法定義務

思想政治工作

人文關懷和心理疏導

處理人際關系

動員社會各方面

深入開展

精神文明創建活動

社會志愿服務體系

男女平等、尊老愛幼、互愛互助、見義勇為共有精神家園

不竭動力

全面認識

取其精華、去其糟粕

文物和非物質文化遺產

傳播手段

百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針

貼近實際

人民主體地位

群眾喜聞樂見

公益性文化事業

出精品、出人才、出效益

大力發展

A think tank

Outstanding achievements and distinguished scholars

A culture of harmony Civilized practices Press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature and act

Foster healthy social trends Rural migrant workers in cities Cyber environment Awareness of integrity Social ethics Professional codes of conduct Family virtues Individual morality Legal obligations Ideological and political work Compassionate care and psychological counseling

Handle interpersonal relations Mobilize all sectors of society Carry out intensive activities to Promote cultural and ethical progress System of voluntary public services Gender equality, respecting the elderly and

caring for the young, showing concern for and helping each other and coming to the rescue of others even at the risk of oneself Common spiritual home for Unfailing driving force Have a comprehensive understanding of Keep its essence and discard its dross Cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage Means of dissemination The principle of let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend

Maintain close contact with reality People’s principal position in the country Popular Nonprofit cultural programs Produce fine works, outstanding personnel and good results Vigorously develop 區域性特色文化產業群

高新技術 文化業態

傳輸快捷、覆蓋廣泛

八、加快推進以改善民生為重點的社會建設

Clusters of cultural industries with regional features

New and high technology

Forms of operation in the cultural industry Fast communication and wide coverage 人民幸福安康

息息相關

努力使全體人民學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有居所

基石

教育公平

育人為本、德育為先

高中階段教育

學前教育

減輕學習負擔

規范教育收費

資助制度

遠程教育

繼續教育

終身學習

擴大就業

以創業帶動就業

民生之本

積極的就業政策

市場就業機制

就業結構

農村富余勞動力

就業援助

零就業家庭

高校畢業生

收入分配制度

初次分配

再次分配

勞動報酬

低收入者

財產性收入

People’s well-being Is closely related to Do our best to ensure that all people enjoy

their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing Cornerstone Equal access to education Educating students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity Senior secondary education Pre-school education Ease the study load Regulate the collection of education-related fees

System of financial aid to students Distance learning Continuing education Lifelong learning Promote job creation Encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities Vital to people’s livelihood Proactive employment policy Market mechanism for employment Employment structure Surplus labor transferred from rural areas Employment assistance Zero-employment families College graduates Income distribution system Primary distribution Redistribution Remuneration Low-income group Property income 工資正常增長機制 支付保障機制 保護合法收入 調節過高收入 取締非法收入 擴大轉移支付 強化稅收調節

打破經營壟斷 收入分配差距擴大 社會保障體系

社會保險、社會救助、社會福利 黨政機關 事業單位 合作醫療制度

完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度

社會保障基金 實現保值增值 優撫安置

人道主義精神 防災減災 廉租住房

基本醫療衛生制度

政事分開、管辦分開、醫藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開

鼓勵社會參與

公共衛生服務體系、醫療服務體系、醫療保障體系、藥品供應保障體系 重大疾病防控

提高突發公共衛生事件應急處置能力 農村三級衛生服務網絡 民族醫藥 醫德醫風 基本國策

A mechanism for regular pay increase A mechanism for guaranteeing payment Protect lawful income

Regulate excessively high incomes Ban illegal gains

Increase transfer payments

Intensify the regulation of incomes through taxation

Break business monopolies Growing income disparity Social security system

Social insurance, assistance and welfare Party and government organs Public institutions

Cooperative medical care system

Improve the system of unemployment, workers’ compensation and maternity insurances

Social security funds

Maintain and increase their value

Provide special assistance to families of martyrs and servicemen and help demobilized military personnel return to civilian life Humanitarian spirit

Disaster prevention and reduction Low-rent housing system

A basic medical and health care system

Separate government administration from medical institutions, management from operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit operations

Encourage participation of nongovernmental sectors

Systems of public health services, medical services, medical security, medical supply Prevent and control the outbreak of major diseases

Enhance our capacity to respond to public health emergencies

Three-tier rural health care network Folk medicines of ethnic minorities

Professional ethics and style of work of health workers

Basic state policy 開展愛國衛生運動 發展婦幼衛生事業 黨委領導 社會協同 社會管理格局 最大限度 人民內部矛盾 信訪制度 維護群眾權益機制

流動人口

重特大安全事故

突發事件應急管理機制 社會治安防控體系 社區警務

打擊違法犯罪活動 調動一切積極因素

社會和諧人人有責、和諧社會人人共享 生動局面

Launch patriotic sanitation campaigns

Develop health care programs for women and children

Party committee leadership Nongovernmental support

Structure of social management To the greatest extent

Contradictions among the people

System for handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public

Mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the people Floating population

Serious and exceptionally serious accidents Mechanism of emergency management Crime prevention and control system Community policing Crack down on crime

Mobilize all positive factors to

Everyone is duty-bound to work for and benefits from social harmony A lively situation in which…

占有重要地位 毛澤東軍事思想 做好軍事斗爭準備 安全威脅 多樣化的 領土完整 維護世界和平黨對軍隊絕對領導 思想信念 戰斗精神 聽黨指揮 英勇善戰 信息化軍隊 打贏信息化戰爭 機械化

九、開創國防和軍隊現代化建設新局面

Occupy an important place in the overall arrangement of

Mao Zedong’s military thinking Ensure military preparedness Security threats Diverse

Territorial integrity Maintain world peace

The Party exercising absolute leadership over the armed forces Ideals and beliefs Combat-ready spirit

Following the Party’s orders Fight valiantly and skillfully Computerized armed forces Win IT-based warfare Mechanization 信息化

高素質新型軍事人才 從嚴治軍 體制編制

軍民結合、寓軍于民 軍民融合 建軍治軍 動員體系

預備役部隊和民兵 人民武裝警察部隊 擁軍優屬、擁政愛民

積極開展軍民共建，鞏固軍政軍民團結

Computerization

A new type of high-caliber military personnel Enforce strict discipline on the armed forces Structure, staffing

Integrate military with civilian purpose and combine military efforts with civilian support Military and civilian integration

Building and running the armed forces Mobilization system

The reserves and the militia The People’s Armed Police

Support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs;the military supports the government and cherishes the people

Energetically encourage the military and the people to work together to promote cultural and ethical progress, and consolidate the solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people

十、推進“一國兩制”實踐和祖國和平統一大業

Full of vigor 具有強大生命力

Run the country 治國理政

Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and 港人治港、澳人治澳

Macao people administer Macao

Love for the motherland and devotion to their 愛國愛港、愛國愛澳

respective regions

Draw on each other’s strengths and develop 優勢互補、共同發展

side by side

External exchanges 對外交往

External forces 外部勢力

All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation 全體中華兒女

發展兩岸關系、推進和平統一進程的八項主The eight-point proposal for developing the

relations between the two sides of the Taiwan 張

Straits and advancing the process of peaceful national reunification 堅持一個中國原則絕不動搖、爭取和平統一We will never waver in our commitment to the 的努力絕不放棄、貫徹寄希望于臺灣人民的one-China principle, never abandon our 方針絕不改變、反對“臺獨”分裂活動絕不妥efforts to achieve peaceful reunification, never

change the policy of placing our hopes on the 協 同屬一個中國 理應 鄭重呼吁 敵對狀態 構建……框架 三通

“臺獨”分裂勢力

以最大誠意、盡最大努力 以任何名義任何方式

people in Taiwan and never compromise in our opposition to the secessionist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence”.Belong to one and the same China Have every reason to Make a solemn appeal State of hostility

Construct a frame for…

Direct links of mail, transport and trade Forces for “Taiwan independence”

Make every effort with the utmost sincerity In any name or by any means

十一、始終不渝走和平發展道路

Hegemonism 霸權主義

Power politics 強權政治

Local conflicts 局部沖突

Hotspot issues 熱點問題

The North-South gap is widening 南北差距拉大

Universally recognized norms of international 公認的國際關系準則

relations Peace-loving 熱愛和平的

Stand for fairness and justice 秉持公道，伸張正義

Arms race 軍備競賽

Legitimate concerns of 正當關切

Increase market access 擴大市場準入

Advance the liberalization and facilitation of 貿易和投資自由化便利化

trade and investment

Seek benefits for itself at the expense of other 損人利己、以鄰為壑

countries or shift its troubles onto others Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共處五項原則

Good-neighborly relations 睦鄰友好

貫徹以鄰為善、以鄰為伴的周邊外交方針 Follow the foreign policy of friendship and

partnership

Within our capacity 力所能及

十二、以改革創新精神全面推進黨的建設新的偉大工程

Party exercise self-discipline and is strict with its 黨要管黨、從嚴治黨

members Incorruptible 清廉 反腐倡廉

立黨為公、執政為民 艱苦奮斗、清正廉潔 學習型政黨 客觀世界 主觀世界 領導水平執政能力 思想作風 票決制 選舉制度

候選人提名制度 政令暢通

公開選拔、競爭上崗、差額選舉 任期、回避、交流制度

干部雙重管理體制

德才兼備、注重實績、群眾公認

優秀年輕干部 生產一線 黨政領導機關 黨校 行政學院 干部學院

人才輩出、人盡其才 生命所系、力量所在 黨章

建立黨員黨性定期分析制度

流動黨員 動態管理

歷史唯物主義觀點 群眾路線

權為民所用、情為民所系、利為民所謀學風和文風

講黨性、重品行、做表率

Fight corruption and uphold integrity

Party that is built for public interests and exercises governance for the people Hardworking and clean

A party committed to learning Objective world Subjective world Art of leadership Governance capacity The way of thinking System of voting Electoral system

System for nominating candidates

Ensure its resolutions and decisions are carried out effectively

Open selection, competition for position and multi-candidate election

Tenure system, recusal system, system for transferring leading cadres between different posts

System of dual administration of cadres

Political integrity, professional competence and outstanding performance and enjoy popular support

Outstanding young cadres Frontline of production

Party and government leading organs Party school

School of administration Cadre academy

Capable people come forth in great numbers and put their talents to best use

The source of life and strength for Party Constitution

Introduce the practice of regularly reviewing Party members’ compliance with the Party spirit Party members among the floating population Dynamic management

Viewpoint of historical materialism The mass line

Exercising power for the people, showing concern for them and working for their interests Styles of study and writing

Uphold the Party spirit, be impeccable in moral

積極進行批評和自我批評 黨紀國法

繼承優良傳統，弘揚新風正氣 關系人心向背和黨的生死存亡 標本兼治 治本 懲防并舉 拒腐防變 巡視制度 不正之風

堅決查處違紀違法案件

腐敗分子 撫今追昔 展望未來 清醒意識到 基本實現現代化 居安思危 憂患意識 戒驕戒躁 顧全大局

standard and play an exemplary role in society Vigorously practice criticism and self-criticism Party discipline and state laws

Carry forward the Party’s fine traditions and promote new healthy trends

Bear on the popular support for the Party and on its very survival

Address both its symptoms and root cause Remove its root cause

Combine punishment with prevention Resist corruption and decadence System of inspection tours Unhealthy practices

All cases involving violation of law and discipline are thoroughly investigated and dealt with

Corruptionist Review the past Look ahead

Be keenly aware that

Realize modernization by and large

Stay prepared for adversities in time of peace Be mindful of potential dangers

Guard against arrogance and rashness Bear the overall interests in mind

第三篇：十八大報告中英文對照

政府工作報告

——2013年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上 國務院總理 溫家寶

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT Delivered at the First Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 5, 2013 Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council 各位代表：

現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告過去五年的政府工作，并對今年工作提出建議，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you the report on the government's work of the past five years and suggestions for its work this year for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、過去五年工作回顧

I.Review of Work in the Past Five Years

第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是我國發展進程中極不平凡的五年。我們有效應對國際金融危機的嚴重沖擊，保持經濟平穩較快發展，國內生產總值從26.6萬億元增加到51.9萬億元，躍升到世界第二位；公共財政收入從5.1萬億元增加到11.7萬億元；累計新增城鎮就業5870萬人，城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入年均分別增長8.8%、9.9%；糧食產量實現“九連增”；重要領域改革取得新進展，開放型經濟達到新水平；創新型國家建設取得新成就，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、北斗衛星導航系統、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現重大突破，第一艘航母“遼寧艦”入列；成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會；奪取抗擊汶川特大地震、玉樹強烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等嚴重自然災害和災后恢復重建重大勝利。我國社會生產力和綜合國力顯著提高，人民生活水平和社會保障水平顯著提高，國際地位和國際影響力顯著提高。我們圓滿完成“十一五”規劃，順利實施“十二五”規劃。社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設取得重大進展，譜寫了中國特色社會主義事業新篇章。

The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress were a truly extraordinary period of time in the course of China's development.We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development.China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world.Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%.Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.Progress was made in key areas of reform;and the open economy reached a new stage of development.We made China more innovative.Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developing supercomputers and building high-speed railways.China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned.We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.China's productive forces and overall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly.We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.We made significant socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and its main features: 一是有效應對國際金融危機，促進經濟平穩較快發展。過去五年，我們是在持續應對國際金融危機嚴重沖擊中走過來的。這場危機來勢之猛、擴散之快、影響之深，百年罕見。我們沉著應對，及時果斷調整宏觀調控著力點，出臺進一步擴大內需、促進經濟平穩較快增長的十項措施，全面實施一攬子計劃。兩年新增4萬億元投資，其中中央財政投資1.26萬億元，主要用于保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保、自主創新等方面建設和災后恢復重建。五年來，新建各類保障性住房1800多萬套，棚戶區改造住房1200多萬套；完成大中型和重點小型水庫除險加固1.8萬座，治理重點中小河流2.45萬公里，新增節水灌溉面積770萬公頃；新增鐵路里程1.97萬公里，其中高速鐵路8951公里，京滬、京廣、哈大等高鐵和一批城際鐵路相繼投入運營；新增公路60.9萬公里，其中高速公路4．2萬公里，高速公路總里程達9.56萬公里；新建機場31個；新增萬噸級港口泊位602個；一批跨江跨海大橋、連島工程相繼建成；西氣東輸、西電東送、南水北調等重大工程順利推進或建成；非化石能源快速發展，水電、風電裝機位居世界第一；重建后的汶川、玉樹、舟曲等災區發生了翻天覆地的變化。這些舉世矚目的成就，對我們有效應對國際金融危機嚴重沖擊發揮了至關重要的作用，為經濟社會長遠發展打下了堅實基礎，已經并將繼續造福億萬人民。

我們始終注重處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關系，增強宏觀政策的前瞻性、科學性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重點。在國際金融危機沖擊最嚴重時，果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，綜合運用多種財政政策工具，增加政府支出，實行結構性減稅；有效運用存款準備金率、利率等貨幣政策工具，保持貨幣信貸合理增長。根據宏觀經濟走勢的變化，我們及時調整政策力度，適時退出刺激政策，實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。在財政政策運用上，堅持統籌兼顧，注重綜合平衡。財政赤字占國內生產總值的比重從2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右，赤字率和債務負擔率保持在安全水平。加強地方政府性債務全面審計和地方政府融資平臺管理，有效控制經濟運行中的風險隱患。在貨幣政策運用上，始終注意把握穩增長、控物價和防風險之間的平衡。金融體系運行穩健，銀行業風險抵御能力持續增強，資本充足率從2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%，不良貸款率由6.1%下降到0.95%。堅持搞好房地產市場調控不動搖，遏制了房價過快上漲勢頭。2012年，在世界各大經濟體增長全面減速、各種風險不斷暴露的情況下，我們合理把握政策力度，保持財政預算支出規模不變，優化支出結構，扭轉經濟下滑趨勢，全面實現年初確定的主要目標，國內生產總值增長7.8%，城鎮新增就業1266萬人，居民消費價格漲幅回落到2.6%，為今年經濟發展打下好的基礎。

這五年，我國宏觀經濟總體上保持增速平穩較快、物價相對穩定、就業持續增加、國際收支趨于平衡的良好態勢，國內生產總值年均增長9.3%，顯著高于同期全球和新興經濟體的增速，通貨膨脹率遠低于其他新興經濟體。我國經濟穩定，充滿活力。

回首這五年，面對國際經濟形勢復雜多變、持續低迷的嚴峻挑戰，中央科學判斷、果斷決策，有效避免了我國現代化進程因巨大的外部沖擊而出現大的波折，實踐證明這些決策部署是完全正確的。

In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, whose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century.We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan.In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central government, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural people's wellbeing, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.Over the past five years: More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded.A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares.A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railways.The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened to traffic.A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are expressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the mainland were completed.Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed.Non-fossil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely.These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining China's economic and social development.They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of millions of people.We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We made government macro policies more forward-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions.We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper growth in the money and credit supply.In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy.As a result, the government deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level.We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments' debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.In employing monetary policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks.The financial system functioned soundly.The banking sector became better able to avert risks.Its capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans dropped from 6.1% to 0.95%.We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly.In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending unchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth.As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CPI fell to 2.6%.All this laid a good foundation for China's economic development this year.Over the past five years: China's economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth.Prices remained fairly stable.Employment steadily increased.The balance of payments moved toward equilibrium.GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period.China's inflation rate was also much lower than that of other emerging economies.The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered China's modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks.Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were entirely correct.二是加快經濟結構調整，提高經濟發展的質量和效益。堅持實施擴大內需戰略，內需對經濟增長的貢獻率明顯提高，經常項目順差占國內生產總值的比重從10.1%下降到2.6%。居民消費結構加快升級。2012年底，城鎮和農村人均住房面積32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分別比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；城鎮居民每百戶擁有家用汽車21.5輛，比2007年增加15.5輛；旅游、文化消費大幅增加。堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，大力推進產業轉型升級。我國制造業規模躍居全球首位，高技術制造業增加值年均增長13.4%，成為國民經濟重要先導性、支柱性產業；清潔能源、節能環保、新一代信息技術、生物醫藥、高端裝備制造等一批戰略性新興產業快速發展。產品質量整體水平不斷提高。服務業增加值占國內生產總值比重提高2.7個百分點，成為吸納就業最多的產業。扎實推進節能減排和生態環境保護。五年累計，共淘汰落后煉鐵產能1.17億噸、煉鋼產能7800萬噸、水泥產能7.75億噸；新增城市污水日處理能力4600萬噸；單位國內生產總值能耗下降17.2%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量分別下降15.7%和17.5%。修訂環境空氣質量標準，增加細顆粒物PM2.5等監測指標。推進天然林保護、退耕還林、防沙治沙等重點生態工程建設，五年累計完成造林2953萬公頃，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196萬公頃，綜合治理水土流失面積24.6萬平方公里，整治國土面積18萬平方公里。深入實施區域發展總體戰略，頒布實施全國主體功能區規劃，制定西部大開發新十年指導意見和一系列區域發展規劃，加快推進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展，制定實施新十年農村扶貧開發綱要，將扶貧標準提高到2300元（2010年不變價），加強集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧攻堅。中西部和東北地區主要發展指標增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區產業轉型升級步伐加快，各具特色、良性互動的區域發展格局正在形成。積極穩妥推進城鎮化，五年轉移農村人口8463萬人，城鎮化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城鄉結構發生了歷史性變化。城鄉、區域發展的協調性明顯增強。

2.Accelerating adjustment of the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic development We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand.As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.--At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37.1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.--Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.--Travel-and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.--China's manufacturing industry became the largest in the world.With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.--Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.--The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.--The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment.Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed:--Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.--Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.--Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.Moreover, in the past five years:--Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.--Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 17.2%.--Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.--Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.--Environmental air quality standards were revised.--The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2.5)was added.Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification.Over the past five years:--An additional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.--Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.--Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.--A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new ten-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang.We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average.Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently.Over the past five years:--A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.--The urbanization level rose from 45.9% to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China's urban-rural population structure.Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.三是毫不放松地抓好“三農”工作，鞏固和加強農業基礎地位。我們堅持在工業化、信息化、城鎮化深入發展中同步推進農業現代化，集中力量辦成了一些關系農業農村長遠發展、關系農民切身利益的大事。加大財政投入，中央財政“三農”累計支出4.47萬億元，年均增長23.5％。建立健全種糧農民補貼制度和主產區利益補償機制，補貼標準逐年提高，覆蓋范圍不斷擴大，補貼資金從2007年的639億元增加到2012年的1923億元。加強農村金融服務，涉農貸款余額從2007年末的6.12萬億元增加到2012年末的17.63萬億元。實行糧食最低收購價政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購價累計提高41.7%到86.7%。加強耕地保護，維護農民權益，為完善農村集體土地征收補償制度做了大量準備工作。加快推進農業科技進步和現代農業建設，加大對良種繁育、動植物疫病防控、基層農技推廣的支持力度。大力興修水利，開展農村土地整治，建設高標準農田，耕地面積保持在18.2億畝以上。糧食綜合生產能力躍上新臺階，糧食總產量連續6年穩定在萬億斤以上并逐年增加。加強農村水電路氣等基礎設施建設，新建改建農村公路146.5萬公里，改造農村危房1033萬戶，解決了3億多農村人口的飲水安全和無電區445萬人的用電問題，農村生產生活條件不斷改善。積極引導農村富余勞動力轉向非農產業，農民人均純收入持續較快增長，2010年以來城鄉居民相對收入差距逐步縮小。深化農村綜合改革。集體林權制度主體改革基本完成，全面推進農村集體土地確權頒證工作，開展農村土地承包經營權登記試點。農業農村發展的好形勢，為應對國際金融危機和各種自然災害嚴重沖擊、穩定經濟社會發展大局提供了重要支撐。

3.Unremittingly doing our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy We carried out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization, application of information and communication technologies(ICT), and urbanization, and we pooled resources to accomplish a number of major tasks that are important to the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas and to the vital interests of farmers.--We increased central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which totaled 4.47 trillion yuan for the past five years and rose by an average annual rate of 23.5%.--We established a sound system for subsidizing grain farmers and a sound mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas, broadened the coverage of the subsidies, and raised them every year, from 63.9 billion yuan in 2007 to 192.3 billion yuan in 2012.--We provided more rural financial services, and the outstanding balance of bank loans to agriculture, rural areas and farmers increased from 6.12 trillion yuan at the end of 2007 to 17.63 trillion yuan at the end of 2012.--We carried out the policy of minimum grain purchase prices and raised the floor prices for wheat and rice between 41.7% and 86.7%.--We intensified protection of farmland and farmers' rights and interests, and made a lot of preparations to improve the system of compensating for expropriation of rural collective land.--We made greater progress in agricultural science and technology and the development of modern agriculture, and we increased support for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and spreading agricultural technology in villages.--We built more water conservancy projects, improved rural land, developed high-grade farmland, and kept the country's total area of farmland over 121.3 million hectares.--Thanks to these efforts, China's overall grain production capacity reached a new level, and its grain output in each of the past six years increased and exceeded 500 million tons.--We strengthened rural infrastructure such as roads and water, power and methane supply capacity.We built or upgraded 1.465 million kilometers of rural roads, renovated run-down houses for 10.33 million rural households, provided safe drinking water for an additional 300 million plus rural residents, and delivered electricity to 4.45 million people in areas without power supply.This led to steady improvement in rural productivity and quality of life.--We encouraged surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment.The per capita net income of rural residents grew rapidly, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents has progressively narrowed since 2010.--We deepened overall rural reform.--We basically completed the main tasks for reforming the collective forest tenure system, made comprehensive progress in determining, registering and certifying collective land ownership, and carried out trials for registering contracted rural land-use rights.Sound agricultural and rural development provided important support for China to counter the severe impact of the global financial crisis and natural disasters and maintain overall stability in economic and social development.四是堅持實施科教興國戰略，增強經濟社會發展的核心支撐能力。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，制定實施國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要、國家中長期人才發展規劃綱要和國家知識產權戰略，推動科技、教育、文化事業全面發展，為國家長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。

優先發展教育事業。國家財政性教育經費支出五年累計7.79萬億元，年均增長21.58%，2012年占國內生產總值比例達到4%。教育資源重點向農村、邊遠、民族、貧困地區傾斜，教育公平取得明顯進步。全面實現城鄉九年免費義務教育，惠及1.6億學生。實施學前教育三年行動計劃，“入園難”問題有所緩解。國家助學制度不斷完善，建立了家庭經濟困難學生資助體系，實現從學前教育到研究生教育各個階段全覆蓋，每年資助金額近1000億元，資助學生近8000萬人次。實施中等職業教育免學費政策，覆蓋范圍包括所有農村學生、城市涉農專業學生和家庭經濟困難學生。初步解決進城務工人員隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育問題，現有1260萬農村戶籍孩子在城市接受義務教育。實施惠及3000多萬農村義務教育階段學生營養改善計劃。完成中小學校舍安全工程。加快職業教育基礎能力和特殊教育基礎設施建設。義務教育學校實施績效工資，在教育部直屬師范大學實行師范生免費教育，加強了農村教師隊伍建設。全面提高教育質量和水平，高等教育毛入學率提高到30%。國民受教育程度大幅提升，15歲以上人口平均受教育年限達到9年以上。大力推動自主創新。中央財政用于科技的投入五年累計8729億元，年均增長超過18%。全社會研究與試驗發展經費支出占國內生產總值的比重由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企業研發活動支出占比超過74%。出臺深化科技體制改革加快國家創新體系建設的意見。深入實施國家技術創新工程和知識創新工程，扎實推進國家科技重大專項，新建一批國家工程中心、重點實驗室和企業技術中心。加強基礎研究和前沿探索，突破一批關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。

深入實施人才強國戰略。以高層次、高技能人才為重點，加強各類人才隊伍建設，專業技術人才、高技能人才分別增加860萬人和880萬人，留學回國人員達到54萬人。大力加強文化建設。覆蓋城鄉的公共文化設施網絡體系初步建成，博物館、圖書館、文化館（站）實現免費開放。國有經營性文化單位轉企改制任務基本完成，公益性文化事業單位內部機制改革不斷深化。哲學社會科學、新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術等更加繁榮，文化產業快速發展。文物保護、非物質文化遺產保護和傳承取得重要進展。對外文化交流更加活躍。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

4.Steadfastly implementing the strategy for making China strong through the development of science and education, and boosting the country's core ability to sustain economic and social development We accelerated implementation of the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development;formulated and implemented the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Education Reform and Development, the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Development of Competent Personnel and the national strategy on intellectual property rights.This gave impetus to all-around progress in science and technology, education, and culture and laid a solid foundation for ensuring China's long-term development.We gave high priority to developing education.Government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years, increasing at an average annual rate of 21.58% to reach 4% of GDP in 2012.We allocated educational resources, giving priority to rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas and made notable progress in improving fairness in education.We made free nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, benefiting 160 million students.A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the shortage of preschools was eased.We improved the system of state financial aid to students, and established a system for giving students from poor families financial aid from preschool through graduate school.We spent approximately 100 billion yuan annually for this purpose and assisted nearly 80 million students.We implemented the policy of tuition-free secondary vocational education for all rural students and all urban students who study agriculture-related majors or are from poor families.The problem of providing compulsory education to children of rural migrants working in cities was basically solved, and 12.6 million children with rural residence status are now receiving compulsory education in cities.We implemented the plan for improving nutrition of rural students receiving compulsory education to the benefit of over 30 million students.We completed the project to improve the safety of primary and secondary school buildings.We sped up development of infrastructure for vocational and special education.The pay of teachers in compulsory education is now linked to their performance.Students majoring in education at teachers universities directly under the Ministry of Education were exempted from paying tuition, and the ranks of rural teachers were strengthened.The quality and level of education in China was comprehensively raised, and the gross college enrollment rate rose to 30%.The education level of the people was raised significantly, and the average length of schooling of people over the age of 15 now exceeds nine years.We vigorously promoted innovation.The central government spent 872.9 billion yuan to develop science and technology in the past five years, with an average annual increase of over 18%.China's R&D spending accounted for 1.97% of GDP in 2012, up from 1.4% in 2007, and over 74% of this spending was made by companies.The Guidelines on Deepening Reform of the Management System for Science and Technology and Accelerating Development of a National Innovation System were adopted.We carried out a national technology innovation project and a knowledge innovation project, made solid progress in implementing major national R&D projects, and set up a number of national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers.We boosted basic research and research in frontier areas, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in gaps in many important products and equipment.We implemented the strategy for making China strong through training competent personnel.We trained more personnel of all types, with the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel.As a result, the number of personnel with special expertise and highly skilled personnel increased by 8.6 million and 8.8 million respectively.A total of 540,000 overseas students returned.We put greater effort into developing the cultural sector.A network of public cultural facilities covering both urban and rural areas is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in China are open to the public free of charge.We basically transformed state-owned for-profit cultural institutions into business enterprises, and deepened reform of internal operating mechanisms of nonprofit cultural institutions.Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and film, and literature and art are flourishing, and cultural industries developed rapidly.We made major progress in protecting cultural relics and preserving and passing on intangible cultural heritage.Cultural exchanges with other countries increased.New progress was made in nationwide fitness activities and competitive sports.五是堅持把人民利益放在第一位，著力保障和改善民生。我們把就業作為保障和改善民生的頭等大事，實施積極的就業政策。加強重點人群就業工作，提高職業培訓和就業服務水平，五年累計投入就業專項資金1973億元，實現高校畢業生就業2800萬人，城鎮就業困難人員就業830萬人，保持了就業形勢總體穩定。全面推進社會保障體系建設，建立新型農村社會養老保險和城鎮居民社會養老保險制度，城鄉居民基本養老保險實現了制度全覆蓋，各項養老保險參保達到7.9億人。企業退休人員基本養老金從2004年人均每月700元提高到現在的1721元。妥善解決關閉破產企業退休人員、困難企業職工、國有企業老工傷人員、未參保集體企業退休人員社會保險等問題。深化醫藥衛生體制改革，建立新型農村合作醫療制度和城鎮居民基本醫療保險制度，全民基本醫保體系初步形成，各項醫療保險參保超過13億人，加強城鄉基層醫療衛生服務體系建設，建立基本藥物制度并在基層醫療機構實施，公立醫院改革試點穩步推進。國民健康水平進一步提高，人均預期壽命達到75歲。健全城鄉居民低保、醫療、教育、法律等救助制度，改革完善孤兒保障、流浪兒童救助保護、農村五保供養制度。頒布實施新的中國婦女、兒童發展綱要，依法保障婦女兒童合法權益。建立健全城鎮保障性住房制度，覆蓋面逐步擴大，2012年底已達到12.5%。社會保障制度建設取得歷史性的巨大成就。不斷加強和創新社會管理，建立健全應急管理體系，發揮城鄉社區自治和服務功能，社會保持和諧穩定。

5.Putting the people's interests first and striving to ensure and improve their wellbeing We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and pursued a proactive employment policy.Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services.As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment.All this kept the overall employment situation stable.We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents.A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present.We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.A basic medical insurance system that covers the whole population is taking shape, and over 1.3 billion people are now covered by different medical insurance schemes.We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions.Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals.People's health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved.We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country's urban households by the end of 2012.Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system.We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.六是深化重要領域改革，增強經濟社會發展的內在活力。我們不失時機地推進改革，在一些重要領域取得重大進展。大力推進財稅體制改革，完善轉移支付制度，全面建立縣級基本財力保障機制，基層政府提供基本公共服務的能力有所提高；由公共財政預算、政府性基金預算、國有資本經營預算、社會保險基金預算組成的預算體系框架基本形成，預算外資金全部納入預算管理；統一內外資企業稅制，實現增值稅轉型，實施成品油價格和稅費改革，開展營業稅改征增值稅試點，改革資源稅制度，財稅體制對加快轉變經濟發展方式的促進作用增強。全面深化金融體制改革，國有大型商業銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機構改革有序推進，農村信用社改革成效明顯，銀行業新監管標準實施，創業板、股指期貨和融資融券業務相繼推出，保險業改革開放深入推進，人民幣匯率形成機制不斷完善，利率市場化和資本項目可兌換改革穩步推進，建立宏觀審慎政策框架，擴大人民幣在跨境貿易和投資中的使用。我國銀行、證券、保險業的抗風險能力和國際競爭力顯著提升，為成功應對國際金融危機沖擊奠定了堅實基礎。國有企業改革不斷深化，素質提高，競爭力明顯增強。制定鼓勵和引導民間投資健康發展的指導意見和實施細則，非公有制經濟發展環境不斷改善。建立生態補償制度，開展排污權和碳排放權交易試點。事業單位分類改革積極推進。

6.Deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country.County-and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services.We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extrabudgetary funds were placed under budgetary management.We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system.This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system.Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way.We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading.We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider.We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts, established a macroprudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment.China's banking, securities and insurance industries became significantly more resilient to risks and internationally competitive, and they underpinned our successful response to the global financial crisis.Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced.We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved.We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights.We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.七是堅定不移擴大對外開放，全面提升開放型經濟水平。我們積極應對外部環境的急劇變化，及時出臺穩定外需的政策措施，實施市場多元化戰略，進出口總額年均增長12.2%，從世界第三位提升到第二位，其中出口額躍居世界第一位，占國際市場份額比2007年提高2個多百分點，進出口結構優化，貿易大國地位進一步鞏固。五年累計實際利用外資5528億美元，利用外資的結構和布局明顯優化，質量和水平顯著提升。加快實施“走出去”戰略，鼓勵各類企業開展對外投資和跨國經營，非金融類對外直接投資從2007年的248億美元上升到2012年的772億美元，年均增長25.5%，躋身對外投資大國行列。對外開放有力促進了我國經濟發展和結構優化，吸收了先進技術和管理經驗，增加了就業和職工收入，也為推動世界經濟復蘇作出了重要貢獻。

7.Unswervingly opening wider to the outside world and comprehensively improving the performance of the open economy We actively responded to drastic changes in the external environment, promptly introduced policies and measures to stabilize external demand, and implemented the strategy of diversifying markets.During the past five years, China's import and export volume grew by an annual average of 12.2% and rose from third to second place in the world.China has become the largest exporter in the world, and its international market share increased by over two percentage points over 2007.China's import and export mix improved, and its status as a trading power was further strengthened.Over the past five years, we utilized US$ 552.8 billion of foreign investment, considerably improved the structure and distribution of this investment, and made much better use of it.We quickened the implementation of the “go global” strategy and encouraged enterprises of various types to invest and operate overseas.Non-financial outward direct investment increased from $24.8 billion in 2007 to $77.2 billion in 2012, growing at an average annual rate of 25.5%.This turned China into a major overseas investor country.Opening up vigorously stimulated China's economic development and structural improvement, brought in advanced foreign technologies and managerial expertise, and increased employment and workers' income, and also made an important contribution to global economic recovery.八是切實加強政府自身建設，進一步深化行政體制改革。推進政府機構改革，初步建立職能統一的大部門體制框架。我們始終把實行科學民主決策、堅持依法行政、推進政務公開、健全監督制度、加強廉政建設作為政府工作的基本準則。在規范行政權力運行，建設服務政府、責任政府、法治政府和廉潔政府方面，采取了一系列新舉措，邁出了新步伐。堅持科學決策、民主決策、依法決策，健全公眾參與、專家論證、風險評估、合法性審查和集體討論決定等政府決策程序。深化行政審批制度改革，五年中分兩輪取消和調整行政審批事項498項，國務院各部門取消和調整的審批項目總數達到2497項，占原有審批項目的69.3%。大力推動政務公開，重點推進財政預算決算公開和公務接待、公務車購置使用、因公出國出境經費公開，讓人民群眾更加全面地了解政府工作，更加有效地監督政府行為。審計監督的力度越來越大，成效越來越明顯。全面加強反腐倡廉建設，加強領導干部廉潔自律的監督管理。探索建立政府績效管理制度，建立并切實執行以行政首長為重點的行政問責制度，努力提高行政效能。

8.Effectively strengthening governance and deepening reform of the administrative system We proceeded with the reform of government agencies and put in place the basic institutional framework for establishing larger government departments that integrate the functions smaller ones had performed.We always observed the following basic norms in exercising governance: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically, conducting administration in accordance with the law, promoting transparency in government operations, improving the oversight system and upholding integrity.We adopted new measures and made new progress in exercising government power according to due procedures and in building a service-oriented, accountable, law-based and clean government.We took the following steps to improve government decision-making procedures: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically in accordance with the law;soliciting opinions from the public;and conducting expert evaluation, risk assessment, legality review, and collective discussion.We deepened reform of the system of review and approval by government bodies and eliminated or streamlined 498 items requiring such review and approval in two stages over the past five years.Departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined 2,497 items requiring their review and approval, 69.3% of the original total.We took major steps to increase transparency in government operations, with the focus on government budgets and final accounts, as well as on expenditures for official hospitality, purchase and use of official cars, and overseas trips for official purposes.This made it possible for the people to learn more about how the government functions, and thus more effectively oversee its operations.Auditing oversight was intensified and became more effective.We comprehensively intensified efforts to fight corruption and build a clean government, and strengthened oversight and supervision of leading officials to ensure that they maintain personal integrity and are self-disciplined.We took steps to put in place a system of performance-based management of government officials, established and earnestly enforced the system of governance accountability focusing on leading government officials, and improved efficiency in governance.各位代表！

五年來，我們貫徹民族區域自治法，支持少數民族和民族地區發展的政策體系更加完善，民族團結進步事業煥發出新的蓬勃生機。

全面落實宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事務管理的法制化、規范化水平進一步提升。認真貫徹僑務政策，依法保護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷的合法權益，僑務資源的獨特優勢得到進一步發揮。國防和軍隊建設開創新局面。中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設協調推進、全面加強，軍事斗爭準備不斷深化，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強，出色完成一系列急難險重任務。

港澳臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，同內地交流合作提高到新水平。推動兩岸關系實現重大轉折，兩岸直接雙向“三通”全面實現，簽署實施兩岸經濟合作框架協議，形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

全方位外交取得新的重大進展。我們積極推進同各大國關系，加強與周邊鄰國的互利合作關系，順利建成中國－東盟自貿區，推動上海合作組織等區域合作機制發展，深化同廣大發展中國家的傳統友誼與合作，積極參與應對國際金融危機、氣候變化等全球性問題的國際合作，推動解決國際和地區熱點問題，為我國改革發展穩定營造了有利的國際環境，為世界和平穩定發展繁榮作出重要貢獻。Fellow Deputies, Over the past five years, we implemented the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, improved the policy system for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and infused new vitality into the cause of promoting unity and progress of ethnic groups in China.We comprehensively carried out the policy on freedom of religious belief and managed religious affairs on a more law-and procedure-based basis.We implemented the policy on overseas Chinese affairs in both letter and spirit, protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and those who have returned to China and their families;and we put their unique strengths to better use.New progress was made in strengthening national defense and the armed forces.Major achievements were made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.The armed forces made coordinated and all-around progress in becoming more revolutionary, modernized and procedure-based.They deepened their military preparedness, greatly enhanced their ability to carry out their historic mission in the new stage in the new century, and accomplished a number of urgent, difficult, and hazardous tasks.We strengthened our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.Hong Kong and Macao are thriving and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland reached a new height.We achieved a major transition in relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.Complete, direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade were established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed and is being implemented.This extended cross-Straits exchanges to all areas and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.Major new progress was made in China's all-around diplomacy.We vigorously developed our relations with other major countries, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation with our neighbors, and successfully established the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.We spurred the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other mechanisms for promoting regional cooperation, and deepened our traditional friendship and cooperation with other developing countries.We actively participated in international cooperation on global issues like the global financial crisis and climate change and helped resolve international and regional hotspot issues.We thus fostered an international environment favorable for China's reform, development and stability and made a significant contribution to world peace, stability, development and prosperity.二、今年經濟社會發展的總體要求、主要預期目標和宏觀經濟政策

II.General Requirements, Major Targets and Macroeconomic Policies for This Year's Economic and Social Development

黨的十八大科學總結了過去五年的工作和黨的十六大以來的奮斗歷程和歷史性成就，確定了全面建成小康社會和全面深化改革開放的目標，對進一步推進中國特色社會主義事業作出了全面部署。

2013年是全面貫徹落實黨的十八大精神的開局之年，是實施“十二五”規劃承前啟后的關鍵一年，是為全面建成小康社會奠定堅實基礎的重要一年。我國發展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰略機遇期，經濟社會發展具備很多有利條件和積極因素，也面臨不少風險和挑戰。國際金融危機深層次影響持續顯現，世界經濟復蘇充滿不確定性、不穩定性。我們既要看到形勢的積極方面，堅定信心，也要看到形勢的復雜性，增強憂患意識和緊迫感，兢兢業業、扎扎實實做好工作。

今年工作的總體要求是：深入學習和全面貫徹落實黨的十八大精神，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，緊緊圍繞主題主線，以提高經濟增長質量和效益為中心，深化改革開放，實施創新驅動戰略，穩中求進，開拓創新，扎實開局，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設，實現經濟持續健康發展和社會和諧穩定。

今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長7.5%左右，發展的協調性進一步增強；居民消費價格漲幅3.5%左右；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率低于4.6%；城鄉居民人均收入實際增長與經濟增長同步，勞動報酬增長和勞動生產率提高同步；國際收支狀況進一步改善。這里，著重對經濟增長和物價總水平兩個指標作些說明。關于經濟增長目標。這是一個綜合性指標，各方面高度關注。今年經濟增長預期目標定為7.5%左右，主要基于兩方面考慮：一方面，要繼續抓住機遇、促進發展。這些年，我國制造業積累了較大產能，基礎設施狀況大為改善，支撐能力明顯增強，儲蓄率較高，勞動力總量仍然很大。必須優化配置和利用生產要素，保持合理的增長速度，為增加就業、改善民生提供必要條件，為轉方式、調結構創造穩定環境；必須使經濟增長與潛在增長率相協調，與生產要素的供給能力和資源環境的承受能力相適應。另一方面，要切實按照科學發展觀的要求，引導各方面把工作重心放到加快轉變經濟發展方式和調整經濟結構上，放到提高經濟增長的質量和效益上，推動經濟持續健康發展。綜合權衡，今年的經濟增長目標定為7.5%左右是必要的、適宜的，實現這個目標需要付出艱苦努力。

關于物價總水平。保持物價總水平基本穩定始終是宏觀調控的重要目標。去年居民消費價格漲幅回落到2.6%，這是我們控制通貨膨脹取得的一個重要成果，也與經濟運行整體態勢有關。今年通貨膨脹壓力仍然較大，主要是：我國土地、勞動力等要素價格，農產品和服務類價格都存在上漲壓力；主要發達國家實行寬松貨幣政策并不斷加碼，輸入性通貨膨脹壓力不容忽視；理順能源資源價格需要留出一定空間；去年價格上漲的翹尾影響約有1個百分點。把居民消費價格漲幅控制在3.5%左右，是充分考慮各方面因素后作出的選擇。要切實保障重要商品供給，搞活流通，降低物流成本，加強市場價格監管，保持物價總水平基本穩定。

實現上述目標，必須繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，保持政策連續性和穩定性，增強前瞻性、針對性和靈活性。

繼續實施積極的財政政策。更好地發揮積極財政政策在穩增長、調結構、促改革、惠民生中的作用。一是適當增加財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字1.2萬億元，比去年預算增加4000億元，其中中央財政赤字8500億元，代地方發債3500億元。這主要是考慮到結構性減稅的滯后效應，今年財政收入增長不會太快，但財政剛性支出增加，特別是要增加保障改善民生支出，保持對經濟增長和結構調整的支持力度，適當擴大財政赤字和國債規模是必要的。同時，目前我國債務負擔率相對較低，今年增加赤字后，赤字率在2%左右，總體上處于安全水平。二是結合稅制改革完善結構性減稅政策。重點是加快推進營業稅改征增值稅試點工作，完善試點辦法，適時擴大試點地區和行業范圍。三是著力優化財政支出結構。繼續向教育、醫藥衛生、社會保障等民生領域和薄弱環節傾斜，嚴格控制行政經費等一般性支出，勤儉辦一切事業。中央預算內投資主要投向保障性安居工程，農業、水利、城市管網等基礎設施，社會事業等民生工程，節能減排和生態環境等領域。四是繼續加強地方政府性債務管理。妥善處理債務償還和在建項目后續融資問題，積極推進地方政府性債務管理制度建設，合理控制地方政府性債務水平。

繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策。把握好促進經濟增長、穩定物價和防范金融風險之間的平衡。一是健全宏觀審慎政策框架，發揮貨幣政策逆周期調節作用。廣義貨幣M2預期增長目標擬定為13%左右。綜合運用多種貨幣政策工具，調節市場流動性，保持貨幣信貸合理增長，適當擴大社會融資規模。完善貨幣政策傳導機制，加強金融監管與貨幣政策的協調，不斷優化監管標準和監管方式。二是促進金融資源優化配置。引導金融機構加大對經濟結構調整特別是“三農”、小微企業、戰略性新興產業等的金融支持，滿足國家重點在建續建項目資金需求。拓寬實體經濟融資渠道，降低實體經濟融資成本。促進資本市場穩定健康發展。三是守住不發生系統性和區域性金融風險底線。引導金融機構穩健經營，加強對局部和區域性風險以及金融機構表外業務風險的監管，提高金融支持經濟發展的可持續性。At its Eighteenth National Congress, the Party scientifically reviewed its work over the previous five years and the historic achievements since its Sixteenth Congress, set forth the objectives of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and deepening reform and opening up in an all-around way, and laid out an overall plan for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.The year 2013 is the first year for fully carrying out the guiding principles of the Party's Eighteenth National Congress, a crucial year for continuing to implement the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and an important year for laying a solid foundation for finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities during which much can be accomplished.There are many favorable conditions and positive factors as well as a number of risks and challenges for China's economic and social development.The profound impact of the global financial crisis persists, and the recovery of the world economy is full of uncertainty and not yet on a stable footing.We should realize that the situation is encouraging and so remain confident;but also that it is complex and so be mindful of adversity, have a keen sense of urgency, and industriously and earnestly do our work well.The general requirements for this year's work are:--Thoroughly study and fully implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth Party Congress.--Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics.--Follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development.--Take developing in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as the major task.--Focus on improving the quality and performance of economic growth.--Deepen reform and opening up.--Implement the strategy of making development more innovation-driven.--Make progress while ensuring stability.--Blaze new trails in a pioneering spirit.--Get off to a good start.--Comprehensively promote socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress.--Achieve sustained, healthy economic growth and social harmony and stability.The major targets for this year's economic and social development are:--Increase GDP by about 7.5%.--Better coordinate development.--Hold increases in the CPI to around 3.5%.--Add more than 9 million urban jobs.--Keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%.--Ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and that work remuneration rises in step with increases in labor productivity.--Further improve the balance of payments.Here, I wish to explain our targets for economic growth and overall prices.The target for economic growth: This is a general target that is followed closely by all.In setting this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, we have taken two factors into account.On the one hand, we need to continue to seize opportunities and promote development.Over the years, the capacity of China's manufacturing industry has increased considerably and our infrastructure has improved significantly, which means they are better able to sustain development.The rate of savings has been high, and the size of the workforce has remained large.We must better allocate and employ factors of production and maintain a proper level of economic growth in order to provide necessary conditions for creating jobs and improving people's wellbeing and to create a stable environment for changing the growth model and adjusting the economic structure.We must ensure that economic growth is in accord with the potential economic growth rate, the ability to supply factors of production, and the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.On the other hand, we should, in accordance with the Scientific Outlook on Development, guide all the people to shift the focus of their work to accelerating the change of the growth model, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic growth, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic development.In light of these considerations, we deem it necessary and appropriate to set this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, a goal that we will have to work hard to attain.The target for overall prices: Maintaining basic stability of overall prices has always been an important macro-control target.Last year, the rise in the CPI dropped to 2.6%.This was an important result of our efforts to curb inflation, and it was also due to the overall economic performance.This year, China is still under considerable inflationary pressure.The main reasons are:--There is upward pressure on the prices of land, labor and other factors of production and the prices of farm products and services.--Major developed countries are increasingly carrying out easy monetary policies, and imported inflationary pressure cannot be overlooked.--We need to leave some room for adjusting the prices of energy and resources.--The carry-over effect of the CPI increase in 2012 will contribute roughly one percentage point to this year's CPI growth rate.Taking all these factors fully into account, we have set the target for increases in the CPI at around 3.5% for this year.We should effectively ensure the supply of major commodities, boost distribution of goods, reduce logistics costs, tighten oversight over market prices, and keep overall prices basically stable.To reach the above targets, we must continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, maintain continuity and stability of our policies, and make them more forward-looking, targeted and flexible.We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We should make our proactive fiscal policy play a bigger role in ensuring steady growth, adjusting the structure, advancing reform, and benefiting the people.First, we will increase the deficit and government debt by appropriate amounts.This year we are projecting a deficit of 1.2 trillion yuan, 400 billion more than the budgeted figure last year.This consists of a central government deficit of 850 billion yuan and 350 billion yuan in bonds to be issued on behalf of local governments.The time-lag of past structural tax cuts will make it hard for government revenue to grow fast this year, while fixed government expenditures will increase.In particular, it is necessary to increase spending to ensure and improve people's wellbeing and maintain support for economic growth and structural adjustment.Consequently, we deem it necessary to appropriately increase the deficit and government debt.It should be noted that China has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio, and the increase in the deficit this year will bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio to about 2%, which is overall at a safe level.Second, we will improve the structural tax cut policy as we continue to reform the tax system.The focus will be on accelerating the pilot project to replace business tax with VAT, improving the way these trials are conducted and extending them to more areas and sectors in a timely manner.Third, we will work hard to optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to give priority to spending on education, medical and health care, social security and other weak areas that are important to people's wellbeing.We will strictly limit regular expenditures like administrative expenses, and practice thrift in everything we do.Investment from the central government budget will be mainly made in government-subsidized housing projects;infrastructure projects related to agriculture, water conservancy and urban utilities networks;social programs and other projects to improve people's wellbeing;and energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection.Fourth, we will continue to strengthen management of local government debt.We will properly handle debt repayment and follow-up financing for ongoing projects, put in place a system for managing local government debt and keep such debt at an appropriate level.We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We will maintain a balance between boosting economic growth, keeping prices stable and guarding against financial risks.First, we will improve the policy framework for exercising macro-control prudently and have monetary policy play the role of making counter-cyclic adjustments.The target for growth of the broad money supply(M2)is about 13%.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools to control market liquidity, increase the money and credit supply at an appropriate pace, and expand the aggregate financing for the economy by an appropriate amount.We will improve the transmission mechanism for monetary policy, better coordinate financial oversight and monetary policy, and improve oversight standards and their implementation.Second, we will better allocate financial resources.We will guide financial institutions to increase financial support for structural adjustments to the economy, especially for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, small and micro businesses, and strategic emerging industries, and satisfy funding needs for key national projects under construction or expansion.We will broaden financing channels for the real economy and reduce its financing costs.We will promote steady and healthy development of the capital market.Third, we will resolutely guard against systemic and regional financial risks.We will guide financial institutions to operate prudently, and we will tighten oversight over financial risks in certain sectors and regions and risks related to the off-balance sheet activities of financial institutions, and thus make the financial sector's support for economic development more sustainable.三、對今年政府工作的建議

III.Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year

結合過去十年特別是近五年工作的體會，對今年政府主要工作提出以下建議。

Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.（一）加快轉變經濟發展方式，促進經濟持續健康發展。我國社會主義現代化建設取得的一切成就都建立在經濟持續健康發展的基礎之上，經濟不發展，什么事情都辦不成。我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，人民日益增長的物質文化需要同落后的社會生產之間的矛盾這一社會主要矛盾沒有變，我國是世界上最大發展中國家的國際地位沒有變，發展仍是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。必須堅持以經濟建設為中心，聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展。只要我們牢牢把握發展的重要戰略機遇期，尊重發展規律，創新發展理念，破解發展難題，加快轉變經濟發展方式，在發展中促轉變，在轉變中謀發展，就一定能實現經濟持續健康發展。要堅定不移地把擴大內需作為經濟發展的長期戰略方針，充分發揮消費的基礎作用和投資的關鍵作用。擴大內需的難點和重點在消費，潛力也在消費。擴大居民消費要在提高消費能力、穩定消費預期、增強消費意愿、改善消費環境上下功夫，不斷提高消費對經濟增長的拉動力。現階段，投資在促進經濟增長中的作用不可低估。我國既有投資能力，又有投資需求，關鍵在于選準方向、優化結構、提高投資的質量和效益。政府投資對社會投資具有十分重要的引導作用，但占全社會投資的比重越來越小，必須進一步放寬民間投資市場準入，激發民間投資活力。

要大力推進轉變經濟發展方式，加快產業結構調整。我國生產力發展水平具有多層次性，回旋余地很大，無論傳統產業還是新興產業、勞動密集型產業還是資金密集型產業，都有發展的空間，重要的是優化資源配置和產業布局，解決產能過剩、核心技術缺乏、產品附加值低的問題，解決低水平重復建設和地區產業結構趨同的問題。必須加快改造提升傳統產業，大力發展高新技術產業，提高產品質量和市場競爭力。要加強政策引導，鼓勵企業跨行業跨區域跨所有制兼并重組，利用市場倒逼機制促進優勝劣汰。以擴大國內市場應用、重要關鍵技術攻關為重點，推動戰略性新興產業健康發展。積極推動信息化和工業化融合，加快建設新一代信息基礎設施，促進信息網絡技術廣泛應用。堅持生產性服務業和生活性服務業并重，現代服務業和傳統服務業并舉，進一步發展壯大服務業。

要順應人民群眾對美好生活環境的期待，大力加強生態文明建設和環境保護。生態環境關系人民福祉，關乎子孫后代和民族未來。要堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，著力推進綠色發展、循環發展、低碳發展。大力推進能源資源節約和循環利用，重點抓好工業、交通、建筑、公共機構等領域節能，控制能源消費總量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放強度。要加快調整經濟結構和布局，抓緊完善標準、制度和法規體系，采取切實的防治污染措施，促進生產方式和生活方式的轉變，下決心解決好關系群眾切身利益的大氣、水、土壤等突出環境污染問題，改善環境質量，維護人民健康，用實際行動和成效讓人民看到希望。要做好氣象、地質、地震等方面工作，提高防災減災能力。優化國土空間開發格局，合理控制開發強度，調整空間結構。加強海洋綜合管理，發展海洋經濟，提高海洋資源開發能力，保護海洋生態環境，維護國家海洋權益。

要繼續深入實施區域發展總體戰略，促進區域經濟協調發展。充分發揮各地比較優勢，統籌規劃、分類指導，優先推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展，加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區扶持力度，深入推進集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧攻堅。

1.Accelerating the change of the growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development All the achievements we have made in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time.This basic national condition has not changed;nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world.Development is still the key to solving all our problems.We must keep economic development as the central task and give it our undivided attention.As long as we make full use of this important period of strategic opportunities, respect the law of development, formulate new thinking on development, solve problems hindering development, accelerate the change of the growth model, spur change in the course of pursuing development, and promote development while working for change, we can certainly achieve sustained and sound economic development.We should unswervingly take expanding domestic demand as our long-term strategy for economic development, and make full use of the basic function of consumption and the key role of investment.The difficulty in and key to expanding domestic demand lie in consumption, and that is also where the potential lies.To expand individual consumption, we should enhance people's ability to consume, keep their consumption expectations stable, boost their desire to consume, improve the consumption environment and make economic growth more consumption-driven.In the current stage, the role investment plays in promoting economic growth cannot be underestimated.China has both investment capability and investment demand, but the key is to make investment in the needed sectors, optimize the structure of investment, and improve its performance and returns.Governmental investment is important in guiding nongovernmental investment, but its share of the country's total investment is decreasing, so we must further relax controls over market access for nongovernmental investment and stimulate it.We should energetically change the growth model and speed up structural adjustment of industry.China's productive forces develop on multiple levels, which gives us plenty of room to maneuver.Industries, whether traditional or emerging, labor-intensive or capital-intensive, all have room for development.The important task is to optimize resources allocation and industrial distribution, and solve the following problems: excess production capacity, the lack of core technology, products with low value-added, low-level and redundant industrial projects, and different regions having similar industrial structures.We must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, energetically develop new-and high-tech industries, and raise product quality and competitiveness.We should strengthen policy guidance;encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations across industries, regions and forms of ownership;and allow market forces to determine enterprises' success or failure.We should promote sound development of strategic emerging industries, with the focus on expanding their share in the domestic market and making breakthroughs in major and key technologies.We should promote the integration of IT application and industrialization, more quickly build next-generation information and communication infrastructure, and spread the use of information network technology.We should develop and expand the service sector, and attach equal importance to producer and consumer service industries and to modern and traditional service industries.In response to people's expectations of having a good living environment, we should greatly strengthen ecological improvement and environmental protection.The state of the ecological environment affects the level of people's wellbeing and also posterity and the future of our nation.We should adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and endeavor to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development.We should greatly boost the conservation and reuse of energy and resources, give priority to saving energy in industry, transportation and construction and in public institutions, restrict total energy consumption, and reduce energy and materials consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.We should speed up adjusting the economic structure and distribution and upgrading related standards, practices, and laws and regulations.We should adopt effective measures to prevent and control pollution and change the way we work and live.We should resolve to solve the problems of serious air, water, and soil pollution that affect the people's vital interests;improve environmental quality, and safeguard people's health, and give the people hope through our concrete action and achievements.We should do our meteorological, geological and seismic work well and become better able to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We should optimize development of the country's territory, carry out development at a proper pace and adjust its spatial layout.We should strengthen comprehensive marine management, develop the marine economy, become better able to exploit marine resources, protect the marine ecological environment, and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.We should continue to fully implement the master strategy for regional development and promote balanced development between regions.We should make full use of the comparative strengths of each region, make plans comprehensively and give guidance tailored to different circumstances.We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, spur the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas and alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.（二）強化農業農村發展基礎，推動城鄉發展一體化。近些年是我國農業發展最快、農村面貌變化最大、農民得到實惠最多的時期。當前，農業農村發展進入一個新階段，呈現出農業生產綜合成本上升、農產品供求結構性矛盾突出、農村社會結構深刻變動、城鄉發展加快融合的態勢，全面建成小康社會的重點難點仍然在農村。必須堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為全部工作的重中之重，這是歷史經驗的科學總結，既管當前，也管長遠，是長期指導思想。農村土地制度關乎農村的根本穩定，也關乎中國的長遠發展，其核心是要保障農民的財產權益，底線是嚴守18億畝耕地紅線。要堅持以家庭承包經營為基礎，支持發展多種形式新型農民合作組織和多層次的農業社會化服務組織，逐步構建集約化、專業化、組織化、社會化相結合的新型農業經營體系，始終注重保護法律賦予農民的財產權利，調動農民積極性。毫不放松糧食生產，建設高標準基本農田，推廣先進技術，增強農業綜合生產能力，保障糧食和重要農產品的有效供給。要繼續加大“三農”投入，加強農村基礎設施建設和基本公共服務體系建設，推動城鄉發展一體化，形成以工促農、以城帶鄉、工農互惠、城鄉一體的新型工農、城鄉關系。要采取有效措施，穩定農業生產經營隊伍，積極培育新型農民。

城鎮化是我國現代化建設的歷史任務，與農業現代化相輔相成。要遵循城鎮化的客觀規律，積極穩妥推動城鎮化健康發展。堅持科學規劃、合理布局、城鄉統籌、節約用地、因地制宜、提高質量。特大城市和大城市要合理控制規模，充分發揮輻射帶動作用；中小城市和小城鎮要增強產業發展、公共服務、吸納就業、人口集聚功能。加快推進戶籍制度、社會管理體制和相關制度改革，有序推進農業轉移人口市民化，逐步實現城鎮基本公共服務覆蓋常住人口，為人們自由遷徙、安居樂業創造公平的制度環境。村莊建設要注意保持鄉村風貌，營造宜居環境，使城鎮化和新農村建設良性互動。

2.Strengthening the foundation for agriculture and rural development and promoting integrated urban and rural development In recent years, China's agriculture has developed faster, its rural areas have undergone more significant changes, and its rural residents have received more tangible benefits than in any other period.Agriculture and rural development in China have now entered a new stage in which overall agricultural production costs are rising, structural problems in the supply and demand of agricultural products are worsening, the rural social structure is undergoing profound changes, and integration of urban and rural development is speeding up.All the major and difficult problems that we face in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects are in rural areas.We must make solving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers the number one priority in all our work.This is a scientific conclusion drawn from our historical experience and a long-term guiding principle applicable to both the present and the future.The rural land system is central to maintaining rural stability and ensuring China's long-term development.Its main purpose is to guarantee farmers' property rights and interests, and its main objective is to ensure that China's farmland remains at or above the red line of 120 million hectares.We should continue to make household contracts the basis of rural operations, support the development of new farmers' cooperatives of various forms and multilevel commercial organizations that provide agricultural services, and gradually establish a new type of system of intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized.We should always protect farmers' legitimate property rights and keep them motivated.We should always give high priority to grain production, develop high-yield basic farmland, spread advanced technologies, increase overall agricultural production capacity, and effectively ensure the supply of grain and other important agricultural products.We should continue to increase spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers;improve infrastructure and basic public services in rural areas;and promote integration of urban and rural development.We should build a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, industry and agriculture reinforce each other, and urban development and rural development are integrated.We should take effective measures to keep the agricultural workforce stable and train a new type of farmers.Urbanization is a historical task in China's modernization drive, and urbanization and agricultural modernization complement each other.We should conform to the objective law of urbanization and carry it out actively yet prudently.We should promote sound development of urbanization by making plans scientifically, balancing geographical distribution, coordinating urban and rural development, using land economically, and tailoring measures to local conditions.Megacities and large cities should be kept at an appropriate scale and fully play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.Small and medium-sized cities and small towns should become better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract residents.We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, the social management system and related institutions;register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner;progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents;and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment.In improving village conditions, we should preserve their distinctive rural flavor, make their environment more livable, and ensure that urbanization and the building of a new countryside reinforce each other.（三）以保障和改善民生為重點，全面提高人民物質文化生活水平。2003年抗擊突如其來的非典疫情給我們的重要啟示之一，就是要統籌經濟社會發展。這些年我們在發展經濟的同時，更加重視保障改善民生和發展社會事業，政府工作力度之大、財政投入資金之多前所未有。經過不懈努力，我國經濟社會發展的協調性明顯增強。當前社會結構、社會組織形式、社會利益格局發生深刻變化，社會矛盾明顯增多。我們必須把保障和改善民生作為政府一切工作的出發點和落腳點，放在更加突出的位置，著力加強社會建設。

千方百計擴大就業。堅持實施就業優先戰略和更加積極的就業政策，通過穩定經濟增長和調整經濟結構增加就業崗位，加強職業技能培訓，提高勞動者就業創業能力，加大投入和政策支持，完善就業服務體系，鼓勵創業帶動就業，做好重點人群就業工作，促進城鄉居民收入持續穩定增長。

完善社會保障制度。堅持全覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續方針，不斷擴大社會保障覆蓋面，提高統籌層次和保障水平，加強各項制度的完善和銜接，增強公平性，適應流動性，保證可持續性。今年企業退休人員基本養老金繼續提高10%，城鄉低保和優撫對象補助標準也進一步提高。要加大對社會養老服務體系和兒童福利機構建設的支持力度。深化醫藥衛生事業改革發展。鞏固完善基本藥物制度和基層醫療衛生機構運行新機制，加快公立醫院改革，鼓勵社會辦醫。扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。健全全民醫保體系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助機制，全面開展兒童白血病等20種重大疾病保障試點工作。今年新農合和城鎮居民基本醫療保險財政補助標準由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共衛生服務經費標準由25元提高到30元。逐步完善人口政策。堅持計劃生育基本國策，適應我國人口總量和結構變動趨勢，統籌解決好人口數量、素質、結構和分布問題，促進人口長期均衡發展。重視發展老齡事業，切實保障婦女和未成年人權益，關心和支持殘疾人事業。

加強和創新社會管理。改進政府提供公共服務方式，加強基層社會管理和服務體系建設，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保證人民群眾依法直接行使民主權利，管理基層公共事務和公益事業。改革社會組織管理體制，引導社會組織健康有序發展。建立健全維護群眾權益機制，完善人民調解、行政調解、司法調解聯動的工作體系，健全法律援助制度，推動涉法涉訴信訪工作改革，暢通和規范群眾訴求表達、利益協調、權益保障渠道，健全重大決策社會穩定風險評估和突發事件應急管理機制，維護社會公共安全，促進社會和諧穩定。食品藥品安全是人們關注的突出問題，要改革和健全食品藥品安全監管體制，加強綜合協調聯動，落實企業主體責任，嚴格從生產源頭到消費的全程監管，加快形成符合國情、科學合理的食品藥品安全體系，提升食品藥品安全保障水平。強化公共安全體系和企業安全生產基礎建設，遏制重特大安全事故。

加強房地產市場調控和保障性安居工程建設。堅決抑制投機、投資性需求，抓緊完善穩定房價工作責任制和房地產市場調控政策體系，健全房地產市場穩定健康發展長效機制。繼續抓好保障性安居工程建設和管理，讓老百姓住上放心房、滿意房。今年城鎮保障性住房基本建成470萬套、新開工630萬套，繼續推進農村危房改造。

教育和科技在現代化建設中具有基礎性、先導性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脈和人民的精神家園，必須放在更加重要的戰略位置。

繼續推進教育優先發展。目前我國財政性教育經費支出總額已經超過2萬億元，今后還要繼續增加，必須把這些錢用好，讓人民滿意。要進一步深化教育綜合改革，切實解決社會普遍關注的重大問題。著力推動義務教育均衡發展，加快發展現代職業教育，提高各級各類教育質量，進一步促進教育公平，為國家發展提供強大的人力資源支撐。深化科技體制改革。推動科技與經濟緊密結合，著力構建以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系。瞄準關系全局和長遠發展的戰略必爭領域，加強基礎研究、前沿先導技術研究。健全科技資源開放共享機制，完善支持科技發展和成果應用轉化的財稅、金融、產業技術和人才政策，創造公平開放的創新環境，最大限度地調動廣大科技工作者的積極性、主動性，激發全社會的創新活力。

扎實推進文化建設。把文化改革發展納入經濟社會發展總體規劃，列入各級政府效能和領導干部政績考核體系，推動文化事業全面繁榮、文化產業快速發展。政府要履行好發展公益性文化事業的責任，加快推進重點文化惠民工程，完善公共文化服務體系。廣泛開展全民健身運動，促進群眾體育和競技體育全面發展。

大力加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德、個人品德教育。推動誠信體系建設，以政務誠信帶動商務誠信和社會誠信，形成良好的社會風尚。

3.Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated.In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before.These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.The structure of Chinese society, its forms of organization, and the pattern of interests in society have all undergone profound changes, and social problems have increased markedly.We must make ensuring and improving people's wellbeing the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.We should do all we can to increase employment.We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy.We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs or start their own businesses.We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business startups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.We should improve the social security system.We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security.We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities.This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised.Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage nongovernmental bodies to operate hospitals.We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine.We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against 20 serious diseases.(Note: They are childhood leukemia, congenital heart disease in children, uremia, breast cancer, cervical cancer, holergasia, drug-resistant tuberculosis, opportunistic AIDS and HIV infection, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hemophilia, type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and cheilopalatognathus.)This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.We should progressively improve the government population policy.We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning.In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development.We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.We should strengthen and make innovations in social management.We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs.We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development.We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests;improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation;strengthen the system of legal assistance;and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues.We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests.We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism.The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern.We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination.We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to consumption, and move faster to establish a scientific and effective food and drug safety system that suits China's national conditions so as to better ensure food and drug safety.We should strengthen the public safety system and improve workplace safety conditions to prevent accidents, especially major and very serious ones.We should tighten regulation of the real estate market and strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing.We need to firmly rein in speculative and investment-driven housing demand, promptly improve the accountability system for stabilizing housing prices and the policies for regulating the real estate market, and strengthen mechanisms for sustaining its steady and sound development.We should continue to build and manage government-subsidized housing for the people so they have housing they are satisfied with.This year, 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units should be basically completed, construction of another 6.3 million units should begin, and renovation of dilapidated rural houses should continue.Education, science and technology play a fundamental, guiding and global role in the country's modernization drive, and culture is essential for the long-term vitality of a nation and gives the people a sense of belonging.They must therefore occupy a position of greater strategic importance.We should continue to give top priority to developing education.China's annual government expenditures on education already exceed two trillion yuan and should continue to increase.We must make good use of such funding to the satisfaction of the people.We need to deepen comprehensive education reform and effectively solve major issues of public concern.We should boost balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate development of modern vocational education and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels.This should help make education more equitable and provide strong human resources support for China's development.We should deepen reform of the management system for science and technology.We should integrate science and technology more closely with the economy, and establish a technological innovation system that is based on enterprises, guided by the market, and integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes.We should focus on priority areas of strategic importance that are vital to China's overall and long-term development, and strengthen basic research and research on frontier and leading technologies.We should improve the mechanism for openly sharing scientific and technological resources and the fiscal, taxation, banking, industrial technology and personnel policies that support scientific and technological development and industrial application of scientific and technological advances, create a fair and open environment for making innovations, keep scientists and technicians fully motivated, and unleash the creativity of the whole society.We should effectively advance development of the cultural sector.We should incorporate reform and development of the cultural sector into general plans for economic and social development, and include them in the system for evaluating the performance of governments and officials at all levels so as to promote all-around cultural prosperity and fast development of the cultural sector.The government needs to fulfill its responsibility to develop nonprofit cultural programs, accelerate key cultural projects for the people, and improve the system of public cultural services.We should extensively carry out public fitness activities and promote comprehensive development of both recreational and competitive sports.We should greatly increase education in public morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal integrity.We should promote a creditability system, use political integrity to improve business and public integrity, and foster healthy social conduct.（四）以更大的政治勇氣和智慧，深入推進改革開放。改革開放是國家發展進步的根本動力。只有堅持改革開放，才能把我們的事業繼續推向前進。我國改革已進入攻堅階段，必須進一步解放思想，全面深化經濟體制改革，繼續積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，深化文化體制改革，加快推進社會體制改革，加強生態文明制度建設，不斷把改革引向深入。要進一步完善社會主義市場經濟體制。毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，形成各種所有制經濟依法平等使用生產要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護的體制環境。深化國有企業改革以及重點行業改革。加快財稅體制改革，理順中央和地方財力與事權的關系，完善財政轉移支付制度，健全公共財政體系，構建地方稅體系，促進形成有利于結構優化、社會公平的稅收制度。深化金融體制改革，健全促進實體經濟發展的現代金融體系，提高銀行、證券、保險等行業競爭力，加快發展多層次資本市場，積極發展債券市場，穩步推進利率、匯率市場化改革，擴大人民幣跨境使用，逐步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換。深化投融資體制改革，推進價格改革，健全資源性產品價格形成機制和生態補償制度。繼續積極穩妥推進事業單位分類改革。收入分配制度是經濟社會發展中一項根本性、基礎性的制度，是社會主義市場經濟體制的重要基石。我們已經制定了深化收入分配制度改革若干意見，要抓緊研究制定具體政策，確保制度建設到位、政策落實到位，有效解決收入分配領域存在的問題，縮小收入分配差距，使發展成果更多更公平地惠及全體人民。

要推進社會主義民主法治建設。堅持人民主體地位，發展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主，保證人民依法享有廣泛權利和自由，促進人的全面發展，維護社會公平正義。堅持依法治國，充分尊重憲法和法律的權威，確保決策權、執行權、監督權既相互制約又相互協調，確保國家行政機關按照法定權限和程序行使權力。堅持轉變政府職能，推進政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政社分開，建設職能科學、結構優化、廉潔高效、人民滿意的服務型政府。堅持改進工作作風、密切聯系群眾，提倡艱苦奮斗，厲行勤儉節約，反對鋪張浪費，克服形式主義、官僚主義。堅持民主監督、法律監督、輿論監督，健全權力運行制約和監督體系，讓人民監督權力，讓權力在陽光下運行。堅持反對腐敗，加強廉政建設，從制度上改變權力過分集中而又得不到制約的狀況，做到干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明。

國內外形勢的深刻變化，對我國開放型經濟發展提出了新的更高要求。要堅持對外開放的基本國策，實行更加積極主動的開放戰略。堅持把穩定出口與擴大進口結合起來，推動對外貿易從規模擴張向質量效益提高轉變、從成本和價格優勢向綜合競爭優勢轉變，促進形成以技術、品牌、質量、服務為核心的出口競爭新優勢；堅持把利用外資與對外投資結合起來，支持企業“走出去”，拓展經濟發展的新空間；堅持把深化沿海開放與擴大內陸和沿邊開放結合起來，加快形成各具特色、優勢互補、分工協作、均衡協調的區域開放格局；堅持把向發達國家開放與向發展中國家開放結合起來，擴大和深化同各方利益匯合點。4.Deepening reform and opening up with greater political courage and vision Reform and opening up are the fundamental force that drives China's development and progress.We can continue to advance our cause only by adhering to reform and opening up.China has entered a crucial stage of reform.We must further emancipate our minds, comprehensively deepen reform of the economic structure, continue to actively yet prudently carry out reform of the political structure, deepen reform of the cultural administrative system, accelerate reform of the social system, improve the system for promoting ecological progress;and constantly deepen reforms.We need to improve the socialist market economy.We should unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy and encourage, and support and guide the development of the non-public sector, so as to foster a structural environment in which economic entities under different forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and enjoy equal legal protection.We should deepen reform of state-owned enterprises and key industries.We should quicken reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, adjust relations between the central government and local governments concerning financial resources and powers, and improve the system of transfer payments.We should improve the public finance system, institute a system of local taxation, and establish a taxation system conducive to optimizing the economic structure and enhancing social fairness.We should deepen reform of the financial system and improve the modern financial system so that it supports development of the real economy.We should raise the competitiveness of the banking, securities and insurance industries, accelerate development of a multilevel capital market, and actively develop the bond market.We should steadily carry out reforms to make interest rates and the RMB exchange rate more market-based, expand cross-border use of the RMB and gradually achieve the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts.We should deepen reform of the investment and financing systems, carry out price reform and improve the pricing mechanism for resource products and the system of compensation for ecological damage.We should continue to actively yet steadily advance function-based reform of public institutions.The income distribution system is a basic system of vital importance for economic and social development, and an important cornerstone of the socialist market economy.We have formulated guidelines on deepening reform of the income distribution system, and we now need to promptly formulate specific policies, ensure that institutions are established and policies are implemented, resolve problems in income distribution, and narrow the income gap so that the fruits of development are more equitably shared by all the people.We need to advance development of socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law.We should ensure that the people occupy the principal position, make people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder, ensure that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms prescribed by law, and promote people's well-rounded development and safeguard social fairness and justice.We should govern the country on the basis of the law, and fully respect the authority of the Constitution and laws.We should ensure that the powers of policy making, implementation and oversight both constrain each other and function in concert and that government bodies exercise their powers in accordance with statutory mandates and procedures.We should continue to transform government functions, separate government administration from the management of enterprises, state assets, public institutions and social organizations, and build a well-structured, clean, efficient and service-oriented government that has scientifically defined functions and that the people are satisfied with.We should improve the conduct of our work, maintain close ties with the people, advocate hard work and plain living, practice thrift, oppose extravagance and waste, and eliminate formalistic and bureaucratic practices.We should uphold democratic oversight, legal oversight and public opinion-based oversight and improve the system of checks and oversight over the exercise of power to ensure that the people oversee the exercise of power and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.We should unwaveringly combat corruption, strengthen political integrity, establish institutions to end the excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power and ensure that officials are honest, government is clean and political affairs are handled with integrity.Profound changes in domestic and external environments place new and higher requirements on China in developing an open economy.We should adhere to the basic state policy of opening up and implement a more proactive opening up strategy.We should both keep exports stable and expand imports.We should raise the quality and returns of foreign trade rather than just increase its volume, and raise its overall competitive advantages instead of relying only on cost and price advantages.We should make China's exports more competitive in terms of technology, brand, quality and service.We should simultaneously use foreign investment in China and make Chinese investment overseas, and support Chinese enterprises in going global, to create new space for economic development.We should simultaneously deepen opening up in coastal areas and open inland and border areas wider so as to foster a balanced and coordinated pattern of opening up in which all regions have their own distinctive features, draw on each other's strengths, have a clear division of work, and cooperate with each other.We should continue to open up to both developed and developing countries and expand and deepen common interests with all other parties.

第四篇：十七大報告中部分重要詞匯的中英文對照

以下為十七大報告中部分重要詞匯的中英文對照，供大家學習參考：

高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟 to hold high the “great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics”

建設中國特色社會主義 to build socialism with Chinese characteristics 改革開放 reform and opening-up

全面建設小康社會to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects 和諧社會 harmonious society

解放思想、實事求是emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts 勇于變革、勇于創新to make bold changes and innovations

永不僵化、永不停滯to stay away from rigidity or stagnation

不為任何風險所懼to fear no risks

不被任何干擾所惑never be confused by any interference

與時俱進 keeping up with the times

以人為本 putting people first

資源節約型、環保型社會 resource-conserving, environment-friendly society

全面協調可持續發展 comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development 深入貫徹落實科學發展觀 thoroughly apply “Scientific Outlook on Development”

正確處理改革發展和穩定的關系to balance reform, development and stability

高度集中的計劃經濟highly centralized planned economy

充滿活力的社會主義市場經濟robust socialist market economy

封閉或半封閉的國家closed or semi-closed state

社會主義初級階段 primary stage of socialism

民生 people’s livelihood

第五篇：中英文對照A

《美國口語慣用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1.about

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道這到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 來一塊魚肉三明治怎么樣？What about me? 我怎么樣？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不會進那幢舊房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我記得那個晚上，那又怎樣？What's this all about? 這到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你該露面的時候了。

2.above

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.湯姆認為自己沒必要努力工作。

3.act

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把發生的事演示一下嗎？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜歡在課堂上搗蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那個愛說粗言穢語的喜劇演員應該凈化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我們需要統一意見后來見你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.報紙上稱那次地震為天災。Masa is a class act.瑪莎是位杰出的女性。

4.action

1)

2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我們打算控告我們的債務人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比賽中你看到有什么有趣的精彩場面嗎？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地區要采取行動反對那項垃圾處理場的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

5.advantage

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我們的對手在身高上比我們占有優勢。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.沒有人喜歡被捉弄（或：被欺騙、利用）

6.after

1)

2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起來事情終會解決的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.這軟飲料有種讓人難受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不覺

得這已是“事后諸葛亮”了嗎？

7.again

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不會感到

厭倦）

8.age

1)

2)Would you please act your age!請你做事要有一個與自己年齡相稱的樣子。This is a “coming of age” movie.這是一部成人影片。

9.air

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸點新鮮空氣。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.雖然我不知道到底是出了什么差錯，但我能隱隱約約感覺到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.當邁克喜歡的節目被取消時，他感到很傷心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我們的房子出勤率售一事還沒有最后定下來。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.獲得冠軍后，我飄飄欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是來個沒有頭腦的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克遜的新歌到處都在不斷地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飛機時暈機了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我們之間的關系不要很別扭。

10.all

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起來最后我們還是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我們已幾乎完成了那個項目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.總的來說，我認為這一天過得很充實。Let's go all-out and win this game!讓我們盡全力來打贏這場比賽。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.當我們看見那座建筑突然起火時，我們知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我們大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果這對你都是一回事的話，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他們以極快的速度逃脫警察的追趕。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高沒有發現他們的進來。Let's settle this matter once and for all.讓我們來把這個問題一次性地徹底解決掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.馬克是一個全能運動員。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入選全明星隊的比賽了嗎？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的學校

100米跑的歷史最高記錄。

11.alley

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽車不是我拿手的活兒。

12.alone

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一個人呆會兒。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些閑事嗎？

13.along

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你從一開始就知道所發生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相處得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生來到這兒尋求他的“美國夢”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外國人在美國居住時被美國化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.沒有選擇職業的自由是完全違背美國精神傳統的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比爾是全美（橄欖球）明星賽的四分衛隊員。I just can't go on the American way.我無法適應美國方式。

15.animal

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水運動真正激發出了湯姆的活力與激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那個年輕演員在熒幕

上充分顯示出他的性魅力。

16.answer

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我給埃米打了電話，但是沒人接。

17.apple

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去過紐約嗎？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你問我有沒有感覺出你們兩人之間的不和，是嗎？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.麗塔喜歡把一切都弄得井井有條。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一個馬屁精。

18.arm

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不著你強迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一個沒救了的紙上談兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯帶有武器，十分危險。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公園里到處都是

手挽手散步的戀人。

19.around

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.約翰遜教練已有三十年的經驗了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在這里晝夜值班。

20.as

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起來在人來過這里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我準備回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.馬蒂表現得像什么也沒發生過一樣。I want this room left as is.我希望這間房子保持原樣。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.變動從明天開始實施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜尋綁架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我們每個月的煤氣費平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我們平均每周吃一次雞肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特視自己為一名普通的美國人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美國平常日

子里，有100,000個孩子帶手槍去上學。

22.away

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你認為你可以免受處罰？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他們能費除掉這些復雜的稅務表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我們正在為慶祝我們的紀念日而安排一次周末的外出活動。Tom wants to run away from home.湯姆想從家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凱茜計劃在假期里偷偷跑出

去。