第一篇：十八大報告全文中英文對照

堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進(jìn) 為全面建成小康社會而奮斗

——在中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會上的報告

(2012年11月8日）

胡錦濤

FIRMLY MARCH ON THE PATH OF SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS AND STRIVE TO COMPLETE THE BUILDING OF A MODERATELY PROSPEROUS SOCIETY IN ALL RESPECTS Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

on Nov 8, 同志們：

現(xiàn)在，我代表第十七屆中央委員會向大會作報告。Comrades, I now wish to deliver the following report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on behalf of the Seventeenth Party Central Committee.中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會，是在我國進(jìn)入全面建成小康社會決定性階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗臶，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進(jìn)，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。

The Eighteenth National Congress is one of great importance being held when China has entered the decisive stage of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The underlying theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development, free up the mind, implement the policy of reform and opening up, pool our strength, overcome all difficulties, firmly march on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.此時此刻，我們有一個共同的感覺：經(jīng)過九十多年艱苦奮斗，我們黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全國各族人民，把貧窮落后的舊中國變成日益走向繁榮富強(qiáng)的新中國，中華民族偉大復(fù)興展現(xiàn)出光明前景。我們對黨和人民創(chuàng)造的歷史偉業(yè)倍加自豪，對黨和人民確立的理想信念倍加堅定，對黨肩負(fù)的歷史責(zé)任倍加清醒。

At this moment when I address you, we are convinced that thanks to over 90 years of hard struggle, our Party has rallied and led the people of all ethnic groups of the country in turning the poor and backward old China into an increasingly prosperous and powerful new China and opening up bright prospects for the great renewal of the Chinese nation.We are all the more proud of the historic achievements of the Party and the people, we are all the more firm in the ideal and conviction of the Party and the people, and we are all the more aware of the historic responsibility of the Party.當(dāng)前，世情、國情、黨情繼續(xù)發(fā)生深刻變化，我們面臨的發(fā)展機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn)前所未有。全黨一定要牢記人民信任和重托，更加奮發(fā)有為、兢兢業(yè)業(yè)地工作，繼續(xù)推動科學(xué)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)社會和諧，繼續(xù)改善人民生活、增進(jìn)人民福祉，完成時代賦予的光榮而艱巨的任務(wù)。

At present, as the global, national and our Party's conditions continue to undergo profound changes, we are faced with unprecedented opportunities for development as well as risks and challenges unknown before.The whole Party must keep in mind the trust the people have placed in us and the great expectation they have of us.We must aim higher and work harder and continue to pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and improve the people's lives so as to complete the glorious and arduous tasks bestowed on us by the times.一、過去五年的工作和十年的基本總結(jié)

I.Our Work in the Past Five Years and the Basic Experience We Have Gained in the Past Ten Years 十七大以來的五年，是我們在中國特色社會主義道路上奮勇前進(jìn)的五年，是我們經(jīng)受住各種困難和風(fēng)險考驗、奪取全面建設(shè)小康社會新勝利的五年。

Over the past five years since the Seventeenth Party Congress, we have marched boldly on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.During these five years, we have overcome numerous difficulties and risks and achieved new successes in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.十七大對推進(jìn)改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)、實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會宏偉目標(biāo)作出全面部署。為貫徹十七大精神，中央先后召開七次全會，分別就深化行政管理體制改革、推進(jìn)農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展、加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)新形勢下黨的建設(shè)、制定“十二五”規(guī)劃、推進(jìn)文化改革發(fā)展等關(guān)系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署。五年來，我們勝利完成“十一五”規(guī)劃，順利實(shí)施“十二五”規(guī)劃，各方面工作都取得新的重大成就。The Seventeenth Party Congress adopted a comprehensive plan for promoting reform and opening up and socialist modernization and attaining the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.To implement this decision of the Seventeenth Party Congress, the Central Committee has held seven plenary sessions, at which decisions were made and implementing steps adopted on the following issues of underlying importance: deepening reform of the administrative system, promoting rural reform and development, improving and strengthening Party building in a new environment, formulating the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and promoting reform and development of the cultural sector.During the past five years, we have fulfilled the goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and made good progress in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and we have made new and major achievements in all fields of our work.經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。綜合國力大幅提升，二０一一年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到四十七點(diǎn)三萬億元。財政收入大幅增加。農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力提高，糧食連年增產(chǎn)。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得新進(jìn)展，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全面加強(qiáng)。城鎮(zhèn)化水平明顯提高，城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性增強(qiáng)。創(chuàng)新型國家建設(shè)成效顯著，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、超級計算機(jī)、高速鐵路等實(shí)現(xiàn)重大突破。生態(tài)文明建設(shè)扎實(shí)展開，資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護(hù)全面推進(jìn)。The economy has developed steadily and rapidly.China's overall national strength has grown considerably.The gross domestic product(GDP)reached 47.3 trillion yuan in 2011, and government revenue increased by a wide margin.The overall agricultural production capacity has increased and grain output has gone up year after year.Fresh progress has been made in adjusting the industrial structure, and the infrastructure has been extensively upgraded.Urbanization has been steadily advanced, and development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better balanced.Notable progress has been made in making China an innovative country, and major breakthroughs have been made in manned spaceflights, the lunar exploration program, and in the development of a manned deep-sea submersible, supercomputers and high-speed railways.Solid steps have been taken to promote ecological progress, and comprehensive progress has been made in resource conservation and environmental protection.改革開放取得重大進(jìn)展。農(nóng)村綜合改革、集體林權(quán)制度改革、國有企業(yè)改革不斷深化，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展。現(xiàn)代市場體系和宏觀調(diào)控體系不斷健全，財稅、金融、價格、科技、教育、社會保障、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、事業(yè)單位等改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)到新水平，進(jìn)出口總額躍居世界第二位。

Major progress has been registered in reform and opening up.China's overall rural reform, the reform in tenure of collective forests and the reform of state-owned enterprises have been deepened, and the non-public sector of the economy has registered sound growth.The country's modern market system and macro-regulatory system have been steadily improved, and its reform of finance and taxation, banking, prices, science and technology, education, social security, medicine and public health, and public institutions has progressed steadily.China's open economy has reached a new level, and its import and export volume now ranks second in the world.人民生活水平顯著提高。改善民生力度不斷加大，城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，居民收入較快增長，家庭財產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定增加，衣食住行用條件明顯改善，城鄉(xiāng)最低生活保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和農(nóng)村扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大幅提升，企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金持續(xù)提高。

Living standards have been significantly improved.Efforts to improve the people's wellbeing have been intensified;urban and rural employment has continued to increase;individual income has increased rapidly;household assets have grown steadily;people's need for daily necessities such as clothing, food, housing and transportation is better met;subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and the rural poverty line have been raised by a big margin;and basic pensions for enterprise retirees have increased continually.民主法制建設(shè)邁出新步伐。政治體制改革繼續(xù)推進(jìn)。實(shí)行城鄉(xiāng)按相同人口比例選舉人大代表。基層民主不斷發(fā)展。中國特色社會主義法律體系形成，社會主義法治國家建設(shè)成績顯著。愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線鞏固壯大。行政體制改革深化，司法體制和工作機(jī)制改革取得新進(jìn)展。

New strides have been made in developing democracy and the legal system.Further progress has been made in reforming the political structure.Urban and rural deputies to people's congresses are now elected on the basis of the same population ratio.Community-level democracy has steadily developed.The socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics has been established, and notable achievements have been made in building a socialist country based on the rule of law.The patriotic united front has been consolidated and expanded.The reform of the administrative system has deepened, and further progress has been made in the reform of the judicial system and the work mechanisms of the judiciary.文化建設(shè)邁上新臺階。社會主義核心價值體系建設(shè)深入開展，文化體制改革全面推進(jìn)，公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)取得重大進(jìn)展，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，文化創(chuàng)作生產(chǎn)更加繁榮，人民精神文化生活更加豐富多彩。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。Development of the cultural sector has reached a new stage.Intensive efforts have been made to promote core socialist values;comprehensive progress has been made in the reform of the cultural system;important headway has been made in providing public cultural services;the cultural industry has grown rapidly;cultural creation and production is flourishing;and people enjoy richer intellectual pursuits and cultural entertainment.New progress has been made in public fitness programs and competitive sports.社會建設(shè)取得新進(jìn)步。基本公共服務(wù)水平和均等化程度明顯提高。教育事業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，城鄉(xiāng)免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育全面實(shí)現(xiàn)。社會保障體系建設(shè)成效顯著，城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險制度全面建立，新型社會救助體系基本形成。全民醫(yī)保基本實(shí)現(xiàn)，城鄉(xiāng)基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度初步建立。保障性住房建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)。加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會管理，社會保持和諧穩(wěn)定。

Fresh progress has been made in social development.Basic public services have improved markedly, and access to them has become much more equitable.Education has developed rapidly, and free compulsory education is now available in all urban and rural areas.Marked progress has been made in developing the social security system;the basic old-age insurance system covering both the urban and rural population has been fully established, and a new type of social assistance system is taking shape.The whole population is now basically covered by medical insurance;the basic urban and rural healthcare systems are taking shape.Construction of low-income housing has been accelerated.We have strengthened and made innovations in social management and maintained social harmony and stability.國防和軍隊建設(shè)開創(chuàng)新局面。中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現(xiàn)代化正規(guī)化建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)、全面加強(qiáng)，軍事斗爭準(zhǔn)備不斷深化，履行新世紀(jì)新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強(qiáng)，出色完成一系列急難險重任務(wù)。

A new stage has been reached in efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces.Significant achievements have been made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.Coordinated and all-around progress has been made in efforts to ensure the revolutionary nature of the armed forces and that they are modern and follow standard procedures in all operations.Military preparedness has been enhanced.The armed forces have greatly enhanced their capability of carrying out their historic mission in this new stage in the new century, and they have accomplished a host of urgent, difficult, dangerous and arduous tasks.港澳臺工作進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩(wěn)定，同內(nèi)地交流合作提高到新水平。推動兩岸關(guān)系實(shí)現(xiàn)重大轉(zhuǎn)折，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩岸全面直接雙向“三通”，簽署實(shí)施兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)合作框架協(xié)議，形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創(chuàng)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展新局面。Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs has been further strengthened.Hong Kong and Macao have remained prosperous and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland have reached a new stage.We have achieved a major transition in the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, with direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade fully established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between them has been signed for implementation.All this has promoted extensive mutual contacts and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.外交工作取得新成就。堅定維護(hù)國家利益和我國公民、法人在海外合法權(quán)益，加強(qiáng)同世界各國交流合作，推動全球治理機(jī)制變革，積極促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展，在國際事務(wù)中的代表性和話語權(quán)進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，為改革發(fā)展?fàn)幦×擞欣麌H環(huán)境。New progress has been made in China's diplomacy.We have staunchly protected China's interests and the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and legal persons overseas.We have increased exchanges and cooperation with other countries.We have promoted reform in global governance, enhanced world peace and development, secured more representation and a greater say for China in international affairs, and created favorable international conditions for China's reform and development.黨的建設(shè)全面加強(qiáng)。黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè)和先進(jìn)性建設(shè)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，思想理論建設(shè)成效明顯，學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐科學(xué)發(fā)展觀活動取得重要成果，黨的建設(shè)改革創(chuàng)新邁出重要步伐。黨內(nèi)民主進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。干部隊伍建設(shè)取得重要進(jìn)展，人才工作開創(chuàng)新局面。創(chuàng)先爭優(yōu)活動和學(xué)習(xí)型黨組織建設(shè)深入進(jìn)行，基層黨組織不斷加強(qiáng)。黨風(fēng)廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗斗爭取得新成效。

All-around progress has been made in Party building.Further progress has been registered in strengthening the Party's governance capacity and its advanced nature.Notable results have been achieved in strengthening the Party theoretically.Significant achievements have been made in studying and applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.Major progress has been made in conducting reform and innovation in Party building.Intra-Party democracy has been further expanded.Major progress has also been made in strengthening the ranks of Party officials;and new progress has been registered in managing qualified professionals.We have intensified activities to encourage Party members and organizations to excel in their work and to build learning Party organizations.Community-level Party organizations have been strengthened.New progress has been made in improving Party conduct, promoting integrity and combating corruption.同時，必須清醒看到，我們工作中還存在許多不足，前進(jìn)道路上還有不少困難和問題。主要是：發(fā)展中不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)問題依然突出，科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)依然薄弱，資源環(huán)境約束加劇，制約科學(xué)發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙較多，深化改革開放和轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式任務(wù)艱巨；城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展差距 和居民收入分配差距依然較大；社會矛盾明顯增多，教育、就業(yè)、社會保障、醫(yī)療、住房、生態(tài)環(huán)境、食品藥品安全、安全生產(chǎn)、社會治安、執(zhí)法司法等關(guān)系群眾切身利益的問題較多，部分群眾生活比較困難；一些領(lǐng)域存在道德失范、誠信缺失現(xiàn)象；一些干部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué)發(fā)展能力不強(qiáng)，一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散，少數(shù)黨員干部理想信念動搖、宗旨意識淡薄，形式主義、官僚主義問題突出，奢侈浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重；一些領(lǐng)域消極腐敗現(xiàn)象易發(fā)多發(fā)，反腐敗斗爭形勢依然嚴(yán)峻。對這些困難和問題，我們必須高度重視，進(jìn)一步認(rèn)真加以解決。

On the other hand, we must be keenly aware that there is still much room for improvement in our work and there are a lot of difficulties and problems on our road ahead.They include the following: Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a big problem.The capacity for scientific and technological innovation is weak.The industrial structure is unbalanced.Agricultural infrastructure remains weak.Resource and environmental constraints have become more serious.Many systemic barriers stand in the way of promoting development in a scientific way.The tasks of deepening reform and opening up and changing the growth model remain arduous.The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is still large, and so are income disparities.Social problems have increased markedly.There are many problems affecting people's immediate interests in education, employment, social security, healthcare, housing, the ecological environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, law enforcement, administration of justice, etc.Some people still lead hard lives.There is a lack of ethics and integrity in some fields of endeavor.Some officials are not competent to pursue development in a scientific way.Some community-level Party organizations are weak and lax.A small number of Party members and officials waver in the Party's ideal and conviction and are not fully aware of its purpose.Going through formalities and bureaucratism as well as extravagance and waste are serious problems.Some sectors are prone to corruption and other misconduct, and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge for us.We must take these difficulties and problems very seriously and work harder to resolve them.過去五年的工作，是十六大以來全面建設(shè)小康社會十年實(shí)踐的重要組成部分。Our work in the past five years is an important part of our endeavor to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the past ten years since the Sixteenth National Congress of the Party.這十年，我們緊緊抓住和用好我國發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，戰(zhàn)勝一系列重大挑戰(zhàn)，奮力把中國特色社會主義推進(jìn)到新的發(fā)展階段。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)新階段，國際局勢風(fēng)云變幻，綜合國力競爭空前激烈，我們深化改革開放，加快發(fā)展步伐，以加入世界貿(mào)易組織為契機(jī)，變壓力為動力，化挑戰(zhàn)為機(jī)遇，堅定不移推進(jìn)全面建設(shè)小康社會進(jìn)程。前進(jìn)過程中，我們戰(zhàn)勝突如其來的非典疫情，認(rèn)真總結(jié)我國發(fā)展實(shí)踐，準(zhǔn)確把握我國發(fā)展的階段性特征，及時提出和全面貫徹科學(xué)發(fā)展觀等重大戰(zhàn)略思想，開拓了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的廣闊空間。二００八年以后，國際金融危機(jī)使我國發(fā)展遭遇嚴(yán)重困難，我們科學(xué)判斷、果斷決策，采取一系列重大舉措，在全球率先實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)企穩(wěn)回升，積累了有效應(yīng)對外部經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險沖擊、保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的重要經(jīng)驗。我們成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會、殘奧會和上海世博會，奪取抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害和災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建重大勝利，妥善處臵一系列重大突發(fā)事件。在十分復(fù)雜的國內(nèi)外形勢下，黨和人民經(jīng)受住嚴(yán)峻考驗，鞏固和發(fā)展了改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)大局，提高了我國國際地位，彰顯了中國特色社會主義的巨大優(yōu)越性和強(qiáng)大生命力，增強(qiáng)了中國人民和中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。

During these ten years, we have seized and made the most of the important period of strategic opportunities for China's development, successfully met major challenges and brought socialism with Chinese characteristics to a new stage of development.Facing a volatile global environment and fierce competition in overall national strength unseen before in this new stage in the new century, we have deepened reform and opening up and accelerated development.We took China's accession to the World Trade Organization as an opportunity to turn pressure into motivation and turn challenges into opportunities, and we have forged ahead in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.While we were on the way, we overcame the unexpected outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).On the basis of reviewing China's development practices, we gained a good understanding of the essential features of its development in the current stage, set forth in a timely way major strategic thinking including the Scientific Outlook on Development, and have fully applied it, and thus greatly expanded the space for economic and social development.After 2008, the global financial crisis caused acute difficulties to China's development.By making resolute decisions and taking major countermeasures on the basis of sizing up the overall development in a scientific way, we made China's economy the first in the world to make a turnaround, and we have gained important experience in effectively defusing external economic risks and maintaining steady and robust growth.We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.We won great victories in responding to the massive Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province and other natural disasters and in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and settled major emergencies.Bracing ourselves against complex domestic and international developments, our Party and people have stood severe tests, consolidated and developed the cause of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and raised China's international standing.All this shows the superiority and vitality of socialism with Chinese characteristics and has enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese people and nation.十年來，我們?nèi)〉靡幌盗行碌臍v史性成就，為全面建成小康社會打下了堅實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。我國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量從世界第六位躍升到第二位，社會生產(chǎn)力、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、科技實(shí)力邁上一個大臺階，人民生活水平、居民收入水平、社會保障水平邁上一個大臺階，綜合國力、國際競爭力、國際影響力邁上一個大臺階，國家面貌發(fā)生新的歷史性變化。人們公認(rèn)，這是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展、民主不斷健全、文化日益繁榮、社會保持穩(wěn)定的時期，是著力保障和改善民生、人民得到實(shí)惠更多的時期。我們能取得這樣的歷 史性成就，靠的是黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領(lǐng)、基本經(jīng)驗的正確指引，靠的是新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來奠定的深厚基礎(chǔ)，靠的是全黨全國各族人民的團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗。

Over the past ten years, we have achieved new historic successes and laid a solid foundation for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.China's economy has risen from the sixth to the second place in the world.The country has undergone new historic changes: Its productive forces and economic, scientific and technological strength have increased considerably, the people's living standards, individual income and social security have improved significantly, and its overall national strength and international competitiveness and influence have been enhanced substantially.During this period, China has seen continuous economic development, steady improvement in democracy, and increasing cultural prosperity and social stability, and we have worked hard to ensure and improve the people's wellbeing and brought them more benefits than ever before.And all this is widely recognized.These historic successes are attributable to the correct guidance of the Party's basic theory, line, program and experience;they have been achieved on the firm foundation laid since the founding of New China in 1949 and particularly since the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up in 1978;and they are the fruits of the united efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.在這里，我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關(guān)心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國朋友，表示衷心的感謝！

Here, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups in China, to the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese, and to our foreign friends who view favorably and support China's modernization drive.總結(jié)十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，勇于推進(jìn)實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上的理論創(chuàng)新，圍繞堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義提出一系列緊密相連、相互貫通的新思想、新觀點(diǎn)、新論斷，形成和貫徹了科學(xué)發(fā)展觀。科學(xué)發(fā)展觀是馬克思主義同當(dāng)代中國實(shí)際和時代特征相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，是馬克思主義關(guān)于發(fā)展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現(xiàn)，對新形勢下實(shí)現(xiàn)什么樣的發(fā)展、怎樣發(fā)展等重大問題作出了新的科學(xué)回答，把我們對中國特色社會主義規(guī)律的認(rèn)識提高到新的水平，開辟了當(dāng)代中國馬克思主義發(fā)展新境界。科學(xué)發(fā)展觀是中國特色社會主義理論體系最新成果，是中國共產(chǎn)黨集體智慧的結(jié)晶，是指導(dǎo)黨和國家全部工作的強(qiáng)大思想武器。科學(xué)發(fā)展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導(dǎo)思想。

The most important achievement in our endeavors in the past ten years is that we have formed the Scientific Outlook on Development and put it into practice by following the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and by making courageous theoretical innovations on the basis of practices and developing closely interconnected new ideas and viewpoints on upholding and building socialism with Chinese characteristics.The Scientific Outlook on Development was created by integrating Marxism with the reality of contemporary China and with the underlying features of our times, and it fully embodies the Marxist worldview on and methodology for development.This theory provides new scientific answers to the major questions of what kind of development China should achieve in a new environment and how the country should achieve it.It represents a new level of our understanding of the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics and reaches a new realm in the development of Marxism in contemporary China.The Scientific Outlook on Development is the latest achievement in developing the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China and a powerful theoretical weapon for guiding all the work of the Party and country.Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical guidance the Party must adhere to for a long time.面向未來，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，對堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義具有重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和深遠(yuǎn)歷史意義，必須把科學(xué)發(fā)展觀貫徹到我國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)全過程、體現(xiàn)到黨的建設(shè)各方面。全黨必須更加自覺地把推動經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展作為深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的第一要義，牢牢扭住經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這個中心，堅持聚精會神搞建設(shè)、一心一意謀發(fā)展，著力把握發(fā)展規(guī)律、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展理念、破解發(fā)展難題，深入實(shí)施科教興國戰(zhàn)略、人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略、可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加快形成符合科學(xué)發(fā)展要求的發(fā)展方式和體制機(jī)制，不斷解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力，不斷實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展、和諧發(fā)展、和平發(fā)展，為堅持和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義打下牢固基礎(chǔ)。必須更加自覺地把以人為本作為深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的核心立場，始終把實(shí)現(xiàn)好、維護(hù)好、發(fā)展好最廣大人民根本利益作為黨和國家一切工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，尊重人民首創(chuàng)精神，保障人民各項權(quán)益，不斷在實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展成果由人民共享、促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展上取得新成效。必須更加自覺地把全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)作為深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的基本要求，全面落實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)五位一體總體布局，促進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)各方面相協(xié)調(diào)，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系與生產(chǎn)力、上層建筑與經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)相協(xié)調(diào)，不斷開拓生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。必須更加自覺地把統(tǒng)籌兼顧作為深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的根本方法，堅持一切從實(shí)際出發(fā)，正確認(rèn)識和妥善處理中國特色社會主義事業(yè)中的重大關(guān)系，統(tǒng)籌改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定、內(nèi)政外交國防、治黨治國治軍各方面工作，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展、區(qū)域發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展、人與自然和諧發(fā)展、國內(nèi)發(fā)展和對外開放，統(tǒng)籌各方面利益關(guān)系，充分調(diào)動各方面積極性，努力形成全體人民各盡其能、各得其所而又和諧相處的局面。As we advance toward the future, thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development is of major immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must apply it throughout the course of modernization and to every aspect of Party building.The whole Party must more purposefully make promoting economic and social development the top priority in applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.We must pursue economic development as the central task and concentrate on it with every determination.We should master the laws of development, develop new thinking on development and solve problems hindering development.We must implement the strategies for making China strong by developing science and education and training competent personnel and the strategy for pursuing sustainable development.We must step up efforts to create development models as well as institutions and mechanisms that facilitate development in a scientific way.We must continue to release and develop the productive forces and promote scientific, harmonious and peaceful development so as to lay a solid foundation for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.The whole Party must more purposefully take putting people first as the core requirement for thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.We must always make realizing, safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people the starting point and goal of all the work of the Party and country.We must respect the people's creativity, protect their rights and interests, and make continued progress in enabling the people to share in the fruits of development and in promoting well-rounded development of the person.The whole Party must more purposefully make pursuing comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development the basic requirement for applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.We must fully implement the overall plan for promoting economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, ensure coordinated progress in all areas of endeavors in the modernization drive, balance the relations of production with the productive forces as well as the superstructure with the economic base, and continue to expand the path of development that leads to increased production, prosperity and a good ecosystem.The whole Party must more purposefully take the holistic approach as the fundamental way of thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.We must base ourselves on reality in everything we do, gain a full understanding of the major issues in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and handle them properly.We must take a holistic approach to our work relating to reform, development and stability, to domestic and foreign affairs as well as national defense, and to running the Party, the country and the military.We must coordinate urban and rural development, development between regions, economic and social development, relations between man and nature, and domestic development and opening to the outside world.We must balance the interests of all parties and keep them fully motivated so that all people do their best, find their proper places in society and live in harmony.解放思想、實(shí)事求是、與時俱進(jìn)、求真務(wù)實(shí)，是科學(xué)發(fā)展觀最鮮明的精神實(shí)質(zhì)。實(shí)踐發(fā)展永無止境，認(rèn)識真理永無止境，理論創(chuàng)新永無止境。全黨一定要勇于實(shí)踐、勇于變革、勇于創(chuàng)新，把握時代發(fā)展要求，順應(yīng)人民共同愿望，不懈探索和把握中國特色社會主義規(guī)律，永葆黨的生機(jī)活力，永葆國家發(fā)展動力，在黨和人民創(chuàng)造性實(shí)踐中奮力開拓中國特色社會主義更為廣闊的發(fā)展前景。

Freeing up the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping up with the times and being realistic and pragmaticthe system of people's congresses;the basic political systemsWe must persevere in reform and opening up.Reform and opening up are crucial to adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should always apply the spirit of reform and innovation to all aspects of governance, keep improving the socialist market economy, adhere to the basic state policy of opening to the outside world, continue to make innovations in theory, in institutions, in science and technology, in culture and in other fields, and continuously promote the self-improvement and self-development of China's socialist system.——必須堅持維護(hù)社會公平正義。公平正義是中國特色社會主義的內(nèi)在要求。要在全體人民共同奮斗、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上，加緊建設(shè)對保障社會公平正義具有重大作用的制度，逐步建立以權(quán)利公平、機(jī)會公平、規(guī)則公平為主要內(nèi)容的社會公平保障體系，努力營造公平的社會環(huán)境，保證人民平等參與、平等發(fā)展權(quán)利。economic developmentthe Four Cardinal Principles and the policy of reform and opening up-in our great endeavor to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.We should neither look down upon ourselves nor be arrogant.We must take solid steps to achieve new victory for socialism with Chinese characteristics.只要我們胸懷理想、堅定信念，不動搖、不懈怠、不折騰，頑強(qiáng)奮斗、艱苦奮斗、不懈奮斗，就一定能在中國共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時全面建成小康社會，就一定能在新中國成立一百年時建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家。全黨要堅定這樣的道路自信、理論自信、制度自信！

As long as we remain true to our ideal, are firm in our conviction, never vacillate in or relax our efforts or act recklessly, and forge ahead with tenacity and resolve, we will surely complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects when the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary and turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious when the People's Republic of China marks its centennial.The whole Party should have every confidence in our path, in our theories and in our system.三、全面建成小康社會和全面深化改革開放的目標(biāo) III.The Goal of Completing the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Deepening Reform and Opening Up in an All-Around Way 綜觀國際國內(nèi)大勢，我國發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期。我們要準(zhǔn)確判斷重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期內(nèi)涵和條件的變化，全面把握機(jī)遇，沉著應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，贏得主動，贏得優(yōu)勢，贏得未來，確保到二０二０年實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會宏偉目標(biāo)。An examination of both the current international and domestic environments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved.We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.根據(jù)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展實(shí)際，要在十六大、十七大確立的全面建設(shè)小康社會目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上努力實(shí)現(xiàn)新的要求。

Basing ourselves on China's actual economic and social development, we must work hard to meet the following new requirements while working to fulfill the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects set forth at the Sixteenth and Seventeenth National Congresses of the Party.——經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式取得重大進(jìn)展，在發(fā)展平衡性、協(xié)調(diào)性、可持續(xù)性明顯增強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)上，實(shí)現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比二０一０年翻一番。科技進(jìn)步對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的貢獻(xiàn)率大幅上升，進(jìn)入創(chuàng)新型國家行列。工業(yè)化基本實(shí)現(xiàn)，信息化水平大幅提升，城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量明顯提高，農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)成效顯著，區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展機(jī)制基本形成。對外開放水平進(jìn)一步提高，國際競爭力明顯增強(qiáng)。

-The economy should maintain sustained and sound development.Major progress should be made in changing the growth model.On the basis of making China's development much more balanced, coordinated and sustainable, we should double its 2010 GDP and per capita income for both urban and rural residents.The contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth should increase considerably and China should become an innovative country.Industrialization should be basically accomplished.IT application should be significantly expanded.The quality of urbanization should improve markedly.Notable progress should be made in modernizing agriculture and building new socialist rural areas.The basic mechanism for promoting balanced development between regions should be in place.Opening up should be further improved and China's international competitiveness should increase significantly.——人民民主不斷擴(kuò)大。民主制度更加完善，民主形式更加豐富，人民積極性、主動性、創(chuàng)造性進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮。依法治國基本方略全面落實(shí)，法治政府基本建成，司法公信力不斷提高，人權(quán)得到切實(shí)尊重和保障。

-People's democracy should be expanded.The institutions of democracy should be improved and its forms enriched.People's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity should be fully leveraged.The rule of law should be fully implemented as a basic strategy, a law-based government should be basically in function, judicial credibility should be steadily enhanced, and human rights should be fully respected and protected.——文化軟實(shí)力顯著增強(qiáng)。社會主義核心價值體系深入人心，公民文明素質(zhì)和社會文明程度明顯提高。文化產(chǎn)品更加豐富，公共文化服務(wù)體系基本建成，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)，中華文化走出去邁出更大步伐，社會主義文化強(qiáng)國建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)更加堅實(shí)。

-The country's cultural soft power should be improved significantly.Core socialist values should take root among the people, and both the level of civility of citizens and the moral and ethical standards of the whole society should be significantly raised.More cultural works should be created;a system of public cultural services should be basically in place, and the cultural sector should become a pillar of the economy.Even greater progress should be made in taking Chinese culture to the global stage.By taking these steps, we will lay a more solid foundation for developing a strong socialist culture in China.——人民生活水平全面提高。基本公共服務(wù)均等化總體實(shí)現(xiàn)。全民受教育程度和創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)水平明顯提高，進(jìn)入人才強(qiáng)國和人力資源強(qiáng)國行列，教育現(xiàn)代化基本實(shí) 現(xiàn)。就業(yè)更加充分。收入分配差距縮小，中等收入群體持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，扶貧對象大幅減少。社會保障全民覆蓋，人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，住房保障體系基本形成，社會和諧穩(wěn)定。

-Living standards should be fully raised.Equal access to basic public services should be generally achieved.The educational level of the entire population should be significantly raised and training of innovative professionals markedly improved.China should have a large pool of competent professionals and be rich in human resources, and it should basically modernize its education.There should be more employment opportunities.Income gaps should be narrowed, middle-income groups should keep growing, and the number of people living below the poverty line should drop by a large margin.Social security should cover all the people.Everyone should have access to basic medical and public health services.The system of housing for low-income groups should take shape, and there should be social harmony and stability.——資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會建設(shè)取得重大進(jìn)展。主體功能區(qū)布局基本形成，資源循環(huán)利用體系初步建立。單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能源消耗和二氧化碳排放大幅下降，主要污染物排放總量顯著減少。森林覆蓋率提高，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性增強(qiáng)，人居環(huán)境明顯改善。

-Major progress should be made in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.The establishment of functional zones should be basically completed, and a system for recycling resources should begin to take shape.Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP as well as the discharge of major pollutants should decrease sharply.Forest coverage should increase, the ecosystem should become more stable, and the living environment should improve markedly.全面建成小康社會，必須以更大的政治勇氣和智慧，不失時機(jī)深化重要領(lǐng)域改革，堅決破除一切妨礙科學(xué)發(fā)展的思想觀念和體制機(jī)制弊端，構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)完備、科學(xué)規(guī)范、運(yùn)行有效的制度體系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型。要加快完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，完 善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，更大程度更廣范圍發(fā)揮市場在資源配臵中的基礎(chǔ)性作用，完善宏觀調(diào)控體系，完善開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，推動經(jīng)濟(jì)更有效率、更加公平、更可持續(xù)發(fā)展。加快推進(jìn)社會主義民主政治制度化、規(guī)范化、程序化，從各層次各領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大公民有序政治參與，實(shí)現(xiàn)國家各項工作法治化。加快完善文化管理體制和文化生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營機(jī)制，基本建立現(xiàn)代文化市場體系，健全國有文化資產(chǎn)管理體制，形成有利于創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造的文化發(fā)展環(huán)境。加快形成科學(xué)有效的社會管理體制，完善社會保障體系，健全基層公共服務(wù)和社會管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)，建立確保社會既充滿活力又和諧有序的體制機(jī)制。加快建立生態(tài)文明制度，健全國土空間開發(fā)、資源節(jié)約、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的體制機(jī)制，推動形成人與自然和諧發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新格局。

To complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must, with greater political courage and vision, lose no time in deepening reform in key sectors and resolutely discard all notions and systems that hinder efforts to pursue development in a scientific way.We should set up a well-developed, scientific, procedure-based and effective framework of systems and ensure that operating institutions in all sectors are fully functioning.We should speed up improvements to the socialist market economy.We should improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay of the economy and economic entities of diverse ownership develop together, and we should improve the system of income distribution in which distribution according to work is the main form that coexists with other forms of distribution.We should leverage to a greater extent and in a wider scope the basic role of the market in allocating resources, improve the system of macro-regulation, and perfect the open economy to ensure more efficient, equitable and sustainable economic development.We should work harder to enhance socialist democracy in a systemic way by adopting due standards and procedures, expand people's orderly participation in governance at all levels and in all fields, and ensure that all governance functions are performed in accordance with the law.We should accelerate improvement of the system for managing the cultural sector and the mechanism for cultural production and

operation, establish the basic framework of a modern cultural market system, improve the system for managing state-owned cultural assets, and foster a cultural environment that encourages creativity.We should step up efforts to form a scientific and effective social management system, improve the social security system, and strengthen networks of community-level public services and social management.We should establish institutions and mechanisms to ensure that society is full of vigor, harmonious and orderly.We should move faster to set up a system for ecological progress, improve institutions and mechanisms for developing geographical space, conserving resources and protecting the ecological environment and promote modernization featuring harmonious development between man and nature.如期全面建成小康社會任務(wù)十分艱巨，全黨同志一定要埋頭苦干、頑強(qiáng)拼搏。國家要加大對農(nóng)村和中西部地區(qū)扶持力度，支持這些地區(qū)加快改革開放、增強(qiáng)發(fā)展能力、改善人民生活。鼓勵有條件的地方在現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中繼續(xù)走在前列，為全國改革發(fā)展作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。

Completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020 is an arduous task, and all the comrades in the Party must work single-mindedly and with fortitude to reach this goal.The state should give more support to rural areas and the central and western regions to accelerate their reform and opening up, strengthen their capacity for development and raise their living standards.We should encourage areas with good conditions to keep taking the lead in pursuing modernization and to make greater contribution to nationwide reform and development.四、加快完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式

IV.Accelerating the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economy and the Change of the Growth Model 以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心是興國之要，發(fā)展仍是解決我國所有問題的關(guān)鍵。只有推動經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，才能筑牢國家繁榮富強(qiáng)、人民幸福安康、社會和諧穩(wěn)定的物質(zhì)基

礎(chǔ)。必須堅持發(fā)展是硬道理的戰(zhàn)略思想，決不能有絲毫動搖。

Taking economic development as the central task is vital to national renewal, and development still holds the key to addressing all the problems we have in China.Only by promoting sustained and sound economic development can we lay a solid material foundation for enhancing the country's prosperity and strength, improving the people's wellbeing and ensuring social harmony and stability.We must unwaveringly adhere to the strategic thinking that only development counts.在當(dāng)代中國，堅持發(fā)展是硬道理的本質(zhì)要求就是堅持科學(xué)發(fā)展。以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式為主線，是關(guān)系我國發(fā)展全局的戰(zhàn)略抉擇。要適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢新變化，加快形成新的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，把推動發(fā)展的立足點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)到提高質(zhì)量和效益上來，著力激發(fā)各類市場主體發(fā)展新活力，著力增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展新動力，著力構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展新體系，著力培育開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢，使經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展更多依靠內(nèi)需特別是消費(fèi)需求拉動，更多依靠現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)和戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)帶動，更多依靠科技進(jìn)步、勞動者素質(zhì)提高、管理創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動，更多依靠節(jié)約資源和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)推動，更多依靠城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)互動，不斷增強(qiáng)長期發(fā)展后勁。

In contemporary China, pursuing development in a scientific way best embodies the thinking that only development counts.Taking the pursuit of development in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as a major task is a strategic choice we have made for promoting China's overall development.In response to changes in both domestic and international economic developments, we should speed up the creation of a new growth model and ensure that development is based on improved quality and performance.We should fire all types of market participants with new vigor for development, increase motivation for pursuing innovation-driven development, establish a new system for developing modern industries, and create new favorable conditions for developing the open economy.This will make economic development driven more by domestic demand, especially consumer demand, by a modern service industry and strategic emerging industries, by scientific and technological progress, by a workforce of higher quality and innovation in management, by resource conservation and a circular economy, and by coordinated and mutually reinforcing

urban-rural development and development between regions.Taking these steps will enable us to sustain long-term development.堅持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化道路，推動信息化和工業(yè)化深度融合、工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化良性互動、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化相互協(xié)調(diào)，促進(jìn)工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展。

We should keep to the Chinese-style path of carrying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization.We should promote integration of IT application and industrialization, interaction between industrialization and urbanization, and coordination between urbanization and agricultural modernization, thus promoting harmonized development of industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization.（一）全面深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革。深化改革是加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的關(guān)鍵。經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的核心問題是處理好政府和市場的關(guān)系，必須更加尊重市場規(guī)律，更好發(fā)揮政府作用。要毫不動搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，推行公有制多種實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，深化國有企業(yè)改革，完善各類國有資產(chǎn)管理體制，推動國有資本更多投向關(guān)系國家安全和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈的重要行業(yè)和關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，不斷增強(qiáng)國有經(jīng)濟(jì)活力、控制力、影響力。毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，保證各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護(hù)。健全現(xiàn)代市場體系，加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo)和政策手段機(jī)制化建設(shè)。加快改革財稅體制，健全中央和地方財力與事權(quán)相匹配的體制，完善促進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化和主體功能區(qū)建設(shè)的公共財政體系，構(gòu)建地方稅體系，形成有利于結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、社會公平的稅收制度。建立公共資源出讓收益合理共享機(jī)制。深化金融體制改革，健全促進(jìn)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定、支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代金融體系，加快發(fā)展多層次資本市場，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)利率和匯率市場化改革，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)人民幣資本項目可兌換。加快發(fā)展民營金融機(jī)構(gòu)。完善金融監(jiān)管，推進(jìn)金融創(chuàng)新，提高銀行、證券、保險等行業(yè)競爭力，維護(hù)金融穩(wěn)定。1.Deepen economic structural reform across the board Deepening reform is crucial for accelerating the change of the growth model.The underlying issue we face in economic structural reform is how to strike a balance between the role of the government and that of the market, and we should follow

more closely the rules of the market and better play the role of the government.We should unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy;allow public ownership to take diverse forms;deepen reform of state-owned enterprises;improve the mechanisms for managing all types of state assets;and invest more of state capital in major industries and key fields that comprise the lifeline of the economy and are vital to national security.We should thus steadily enhance the vitality of the state-owned sector of the economy and its capacity to leverage and influence the economy.At the same time, we must unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector, and ensure that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and are protected by the law as equals.We should improve the modern market system and strengthen institutional procedures for setting macro-regulation targets and employing policy tools.We should accelerate the reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and ensure that the central and local governments have sufficient financial resources to exercise their respective powers and fulfill their respective responsibilities.We should improve the public finance system to ensure equal access to basic public services and promote the building of functional zones.We should also institute local tax systems and improve the structure of the taxation system to promote social fairness.We should establish a mechanism for equitable sharing of proceeds from public resource transfers.We should deepen reform of the financial system and improve the modern financial system so that it will better contribute to macroeconomic stability and support development of the real economy.We should accelerate development of a multilevel capital market, take steady steps to make interest rates and the RMB exchange rate more market-based, and promote the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts in due course.We should speed up the development of private financial institutions.We should improve financial supervision and oversight, promote financial innovations, improve the competitiveness of banking, securities, insurance and other sectors, and ensure financial stability.35

（二）實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。科技創(chuàng)新是提高社會生產(chǎn)力和綜合國力的戰(zhàn)略支撐，必須擺在國家發(fā)展全局的核心位臵。要堅持走中國特色自主創(chuàng)新道路，以全球視野謀劃和推動創(chuàng)新，提高原始創(chuàng)新、集成創(chuàng)新和引進(jìn)消化吸收再創(chuàng)新能力，更加注重協(xié)同創(chuàng)新。深化科技體制改革，推動科技和經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密結(jié)合，加快建設(shè)國家創(chuàng)新體系，著力構(gòu)建以企業(yè)為主體、市場為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系。完善知識創(chuàng)新體系，強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)研究、前沿技術(shù)研究、社會公益技術(shù)研究，提高科學(xué)研究水平和成果轉(zhuǎn)化能力，搶占科技發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略制高點(diǎn)。實(shí)施國家科技重大專項，突破重大技術(shù)瓶頸。加快新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)品新工藝研發(fā)應(yīng)用，加強(qiáng)技術(shù)集成和商業(yè)模式創(chuàng)新。完善科技創(chuàng)新評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、激勵機(jī)制、轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制。實(shí)施知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略，加強(qiáng)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新資源高效配臵和綜合集成，把全社會智慧和力量凝聚到創(chuàng)新發(fā)展上來。

2.Implement the strategy of innovation-driven development Scientific and technological innovation provides strategic support for raising the productive forces and boosting the overall national strength, and we must give it top priority in overall national development.We should follow a path of making innovation with Chinese features and take steps to promote innovation to catch up with global advances.We should increase our capacity for making original innovation and integrated innovation and for making further innovation on the basis of absorbing advances in overseas science and technology, and place greater emphasis on making innovation through collaboration.We should deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, promote close integration of science and technology with economic development, and speed up the development of the national innovation system.We should establish a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market points the way, and enterprises, universities and research institutes work together.We should improve the knowledge-based innovation system, and strengthen basic research, research in frontier technologies, and public benefit-oriented research and development;and we should improve research and our capacity for applying research results to production to ensure that we can obtain the leading strategic

position in research and development.We should launch important national science and technology projects to remove major technological bottlenecks.We should speed up the research, development and application of new technologies, products and production processes, strengthen innovation in integration of technologies and develop new business models.We should improve standards for evaluating scientific and technological innovations and mechanisms for rewarding such innovations and applying them to production.We should implement the strategy concerning intellectual property rights and strengthen their protection.We should efficiently allocate and fully integrate innovation resources, and ensure that the wisdom and strength of the whole society are directed toward promoting innovation-driven development.（三）推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整。這是加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的主攻方向。必須以改善需求結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、促進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化為重點(diǎn)，著力解決制約經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的重大結(jié)構(gòu)性問題。要牢牢把握擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需這一戰(zhàn)略基點(diǎn)，加快建立擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求長效機(jī)制，釋放居民消費(fèi)潛力，保持投資合理增長，擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)市場規(guī)模。牢牢把握發(fā)展實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)這一堅實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，實(shí)行更加有利于實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政策措施，強(qiáng)化需求導(dǎo)向，推動戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、先進(jìn)制造業(yè)健康發(fā)展，加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，推動服務(wù)業(yè)特別是現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展壯大，合理布局建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。建設(shè)下一代信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，健全信息安全保障體系，推進(jìn)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)廣泛運(yùn)用。提高大中型企業(yè)核心競爭力，支持小微企業(yè)特別是科技型小微企業(yè)發(fā)展。繼續(xù)實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，充分發(fā)揮各地區(qū)比較優(yōu)勢，優(yōu)先推進(jìn)西部大開發(fā)，全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地，大力促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起，積極支持東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展。采取對口支援等多種形式，加大對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)扶持力度。科學(xué)規(guī)劃城市群規(guī)模和布局，增強(qiáng)中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、公共服務(wù)、吸納就業(yè)、人口集聚功能。加快改革戶籍制度，有序推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)常住人口全覆蓋。3.Carry out strategic adjustment of the economic structure This is the major goal of accelerating the change of the growth model.We must strive to remove major structural barriers to sustained and sound economic

development, with a focus on improving the demand mix and the industrial structure, promoting balanced development between regions and advancing urbanization.We should firmly maintain the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individual consumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.We should focus on developing the real economy as a firm foundation of the economy.We should adopt policies and measures to better facilitate the development of the real economy.We should make the economy more demand-driven, promote the sound growth of strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries, speed up the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, develop and expand the service sector, especially modern service industries, and make the geographical and structural layout of the development of infrastructure and basic industries more balanced.We should develop next-generation information infrastructure and modern IT industry, better ensure information security, and promote the application of information network technologies.We should enhance the core competitiveness of large and medium-sized enterprises and support development of small and micro businesses, especially small and micro science and technology companies.We should continue to implement the master strategy for regional development and fully leverage the comparative advantages of different regions.We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize old industrial bases in northeast China, work vigorously to promote the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas through pairing assistance and other means.We should make scientific plans for the scale and layout of urban agglomerations;and we should make small and medium-sized cities and small towns better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract population.We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, conduct registration of rural migrant workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly way, and endeavor to ensure that all permanent urban

residents have access to basic urban public services.（四）推動城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化。解決好農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村農(nóng)民問題是全黨工作重中之重，城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化是解決“三農(nóng)”問題的根本途徑。要加大統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展力度，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)村發(fā)展活力，逐步縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)共同繁榮。堅持工業(yè)反哺農(nóng)業(yè)、城市支持農(nóng)村和多予少取放活方針，加大強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策力度，讓廣大農(nóng)民平等參與現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程、共同分享現(xiàn)代化成果。加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力，確保國家糧食安全和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給。堅持把國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和社會事業(yè)發(fā)展重點(diǎn)放在農(nóng)村，深入推進(jìn)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)和扶貧開發(fā)，全面改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件。著力促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收，保持農(nóng)民收入持續(xù)較快增長。堅持和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度，依法維護(hù)農(nóng)民土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)、集體收益分配權(quán)，壯大集體經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力，發(fā)展農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作和股份合作，培育新型經(jīng)營主體，發(fā)展多種形式規(guī)模經(jīng)營，構(gòu)建集約化、專業(yè)化、組織化、社會化相結(jié)合的新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系。改革征地制度，提高農(nóng)民在土地增值收益中的分配比例。加快完善城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化體制機(jī)制，著力在城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共服務(wù)等方面推進(jìn)一體化，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)要素平等交換和公共資源均衡配臵，形成以工促農(nóng)、以城帶鄉(xiāng)、工農(nóng)互惠、城鄉(xiāng)一體的新型工農(nóng)、城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系。

4.Integrate urban and rural development Resolving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers is the number one priority in the Party's work, and integrating urban and rural development provides the fundamental solution to these issues.We should better balance urban and rural development, boost rural development, work to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and promote their common prosperity.We should continue to encourage industry to support agriculture in return for agriculture's earlier contribution to its development and encourage cities to support rural areas.We should give more to farmers, take less from them and lift restrictions over their economic activities.We should increase policy support to boost agriculture, benefit farmers and increase rural prosperity, and encourage the rural population to participate in modernization on an equal footing and share in its fruits.We should speed up the development of modern agriculture, raise the overall production

capacity of agriculture, and ensure food security and effective supply of major agricultural products in China.We should give high priority to rural areas in developing infrastructure and social programs in the country.We should work harder to build new rural areas, carry out programs of poverty alleviation through development and fully improve rural working and living conditions.We should ensure sustained and fast growth of rural income.We should uphold and improve the basic system for rural operations and protect in accordance with the law farmers' rights to farm the land they have contracted, to use the land on which their houses sit, and to share in the proceeds from rural collective operations.We should strengthen the collective economy, develop specialized cooperatives and joint stock partnerships for farmers, foster new types of agricultural business entities, and develop large-scale agricultural operations in diverse forms.We should establish a new type of system for intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized.We should reform the land expropriation system and increase the share of gain in land value to farmers.We should speed up improvements to institutions and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban and rural development, with a focus on integrating urban and rural planning, infrastructure and public services.We should ensure equal exchange of factors of production between urban and rural areas and balance allocation of public resources between them.What we aim to achieve is a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, agriculture and industry benefit each other, and there is integrated urban and rural development.（五）全面提高開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化新形勢，必須實(shí)行更加積極主動的開放戰(zhàn)略，完善互利共贏、多元平衡、安全高效的開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。要加快轉(zhuǎn)變對外經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，推動開放朝著優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)、拓展深度、提高效益方向轉(zhuǎn)變。創(chuàng)新開放模式，促進(jìn)沿海內(nèi)陸沿邊開放優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)，形成引領(lǐng)國際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和競爭的開放區(qū)域，培育帶動區(qū)域發(fā)展的開放高地。堅持出口和進(jìn)口并重，強(qiáng)化貿(mào)易政策和產(chǎn)業(yè)政策協(xié)調(diào)，形成以技術(shù)、品牌、質(zhì)量、服務(wù)為核心的出口競爭新優(yōu)勢，促進(jìn)加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級，發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易，推動對外貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。提高利用外資綜合優(yōu)勢和總

體效益，推動引資、引技、引智有機(jī)結(jié)合。加快走出去步伐，增強(qiáng)企業(yè)國際化經(jīng)營能力，培育一批世界水平的跨國公司。統(tǒng)籌雙邊、多邊、區(qū)域次區(qū)域開放合作，加快實(shí)施自由貿(mào)易區(qū)戰(zhàn)略，推動同周邊國家互聯(lián)互通。提高抵御國際經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險能力。5.Promote all-around improvements to China's open economy In response to new developments in economic globalization, we must implement a more proactive opening up strategy and improve the open economy so that it promotes mutual benefit and is diversified, balanced, secure and efficient.We should move faster to change the way the external-oriented economy grows, and make China's open economy become better structured, expand in scope and yield greater returns.We should make innovations in the mode of opening up;encourage coastal, inland and border areas to draw on each other's strengths in opening up;develop open areas that take the lead in global economic cooperation and competition;and form leading areas of opening up that drive regional development.We should continue to attach equal importance to export and import, better coordinate trade and industrial policies, and make China's exports more competitive in terms of technology, brand, quality and service.We should transform and upgrade processing trade, develop service trade, and promote balanced development of foreign trade.We should make full use of our overall advantageous position in utilizing foreign capital and make better use of such investment.We should step up efforts to attract investment, technology and high-caliber professionals from overseas.Chinese companies should expand overseas presence at a faster pace, enhance their operation in an international environment, and develop a number of world-class multinational corporations.We should make overall planning for bilateral, multilateral, regional and sub-regional opening up and cooperation, accelerate implementation of the strategy of building free trade areas, and promote infrastructure connectivity with our neighboring countries.We should become better able to defuse international economic risks.我們一定要堅定信心，打勝全面深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革和加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式這場硬仗，把我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展活力和競爭力提高到新的水平。

We must have firm confidence in winning the tough battle of deepening reform of

the economic structure across the board and of accelerating the change of the growth model so as to increase the vitality and competitiveness of China's economy.五、堅持走中國特色社會主義政治發(fā)展道路和推進(jìn)政治體制改革

V.Keeping to the Socialist Path of Making Political Advance with Chinese Characteristics and Promoting Reform of the Political Structure 人民民主是我們黨始終高揚(yáng)的光輝旗臶。改革開放以來，我們總結(jié)發(fā)展社會主義民主正反兩方面經(jīng)驗，強(qiáng)調(diào)人民民主是社會主義的生命，堅持國家一切權(quán)力屬于人民，不斷推進(jìn)政治體制改革，社會主義民主政治建設(shè)取得重大進(jìn)展，成功開辟和堅持了中國特色社會主義政治發(fā)展道路，為實(shí)現(xiàn)最廣泛的人民民主確立了正確方向。People's democracy is a brilliant banner that has always been held high by our Party.Since the policy of reform and opening up was introduced, we have reviewed our experience, both positive and negative, in developing socialist democracy and reaffirmed that people's democracy is the life of socialism.We have ensured that all power of the state belongs to the people and worked to steadily promote reform of the political structure.As a result, we have made major progress in developing socialist democracy and opened up and kept to the socialist path of making political advance with Chinese characteristics, thus charting the correct course for achieving the most extensive possible people's democracy in China.政治體制改革是我國全面改革的重要組成部分。必須繼續(xù)積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)政治體制改革，發(fā)展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。必須堅持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，以保證人民當(dāng)家作主為根本，以增強(qiáng)黨和國家活力、調(diào)動人民積極性為目標(biāo)，擴(kuò)大社會主義民主，加快建設(shè)社會主義法治國家，發(fā)展社會主義政治文明。要更加注重改進(jìn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式和執(zhí)政方式，保證黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民有效治理國家；更加注重健全民主制度、豐富民主形式，保證人民依法實(shí)行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督；更加注重發(fā)揮法治在國家治理和社會管理中的重要作用，維護(hù)國家法制統(tǒng)一、尊嚴(yán)、權(quán)威，保證人民依法享有廣泛權(quán)利和自由。要

把制度建設(shè)擺在突出位臵，充分發(fā)揮我國社會主義政治制度優(yōu)越性，積極借鑒人類政治文明有益成果，絕不照搬西方政治制度模式。

The reform of the political structure is an important part of China's overall reform.We must continue to make both active and prudent efforts to carry out the reform of the political structure, and make people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder in practice.We must ensure the unity of the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country and law-based governance.To guarantee the fundamental position of the people as masters of the country and to reach the goal of enhancing the vitality of the Party and country and keeping the people fully motivated, we should expand socialist democracy, accelerate the building of a socialist country based on the rule of law, and promote socialist political progress.We should place greater emphasis on improving the way the Party exercises leadership and governance to ensure that it leads the people in effectively governing the country.We should attach greater importance to improving the system of democracy and diversifying the forms of democracy to ensure that the people conduct democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.We should give greater scope to the important role the rule of law plays in the country's governance and in social management, uphold the unity, sanctity and authority of the country's legal system and ensure that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms as prescribed by law.We should place high importance on systemic building, give full play to the strength of the socialist political system and draw on the political achievements of other societies.However, we will never copy a Western political system.（一）支持和保證人民通過人民代表大會行使國家權(quán)力。人民代表大會制度是保證人民當(dāng)家作主的根本政治制度。要善于使黨的主張通過法定程序成為國家意志，支持人大及其常委會充分發(fā)揮國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)作用，依法行使立法、監(jiān)督、決定、任免等職權(quán)，加強(qiáng)立法工作組織協(xié)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)對“一府兩院”的監(jiān)督，加強(qiáng)對政府全口徑預(yù)算決算的審查和監(jiān)督。提高基層人大代表特別是一線工人、農(nóng)民、知識分子代表比例，降低黨政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部代表比例。在人大設(shè)立代表聯(lián)絡(luò)機(jī)構(gòu)，完善代表聯(lián)系群眾制

度。健全國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)組織制度，優(yōu)化常委會、專委會組成人員知識和年齡結(jié)構(gòu)，提高專職委員比例，增強(qiáng)依法履職能力。

1.Support and ensure the exercise of state power by the people through people's congresses The system of people's congresses is China's fundamental political system for guaranteeing that the people decide their own destiny.We should make good use of legal procedures to turn the Party's propositions into the will of the state.We should support people's congresses and their standing committees in fully playing their role as organs of state power, in exercising legislative, oversight, policymaking, and personnel appointment and dismissal powers in accordance with the law, in strengthening organization and coordination of legislative work, in stepping up their oversight of people's governments, courts and procuratorates, and in tightening examination and oversight of all government budgets and final accounts.The proportion of community-level deputies to people's congresses, particularly those elected from among workers, farmers and intellectuals on the frontlines of various fields of endeavor should be raised, while that of deputies from among leading Party and government officials should be reduced.Deputy liaison offices should be established in people's congresses to improve the mechanism for deputies to maintain contact with the people.The organizational system for organs of state power should be improved.The age mix of the members of the standing committees and special committees of people's congresses should be improved and the areas of their expertise should be widened.The proportion of the full-time members of these committees should be raised.Deputies to people's congresses and members of these committees should enhance their capability to perform their duties pursuant to law.（二）健全社會主義協(xié)商民主制度。社會主義協(xié)商民主是我國人民民主的重要形式。要完善協(xié)商民主制度和工作機(jī)制，推進(jìn)協(xié)商民主廣泛、多層、制度化發(fā)展。通過國家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)、政協(xié)組織、黨派團(tuán)體等渠道，就經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展重大問題和涉及群眾切身利益的實(shí)際問題廣泛協(xié)商，廣納群言、廣集民智，增進(jìn)共識、增強(qiáng)合力。堅持和完善中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度，充分發(fā)揮人民政協(xié)作為協(xié)商民主重要渠道作用，圍繞團(tuán)結(jié)和民主兩大主題，推進(jìn)政治協(xié)商、民主監(jiān)督、參政議

政制度建設(shè)，更好協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系、匯聚力量、建言獻(xiàn)策、服務(wù)大局。加強(qiáng)同民主黨派的政治協(xié)商。把政治協(xié)商納入決策程序，堅持協(xié)商于決策之前和決策之中，增強(qiáng)民主協(xié)商實(shí)效性。深入進(jìn)行專題協(xié)商、對口協(xié)商、界別協(xié)商、提案辦理協(xié)商。積極開展基層民主協(xié)商。

2.Improve the system of socialist consultative democracy Socialist consultative democracy is an important form of people's democracy in our country.We should improve its institutions and work mechanisms and promote its extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development.Extensive consultations should be carried out on major issues relating to economic and social development as well as specific problems involving the people's immediate interests through organs of state power, committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, political parties, people's organizations and other channels to solicit a wide range of opinions, pool wisdom of the people, increase consensus, and build up synergy.We should adhere to and improve the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and make the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference serve as a major channel for conducting consultative democracy.The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference should, focusing on the themes of unity and democracy, improve systems of political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs, and deliver a better job in coordinating relations, pooling strength and making proposals in the overall interests of the country.We should strengthen political consultation with the democratic parties, make political consultation a part of the policymaking process, conduct consultations before and when policy decisions are made, and make democratic consultation more effective.We should conduct intensive consultations on special issues with those who work on these issues, with representatives from all sectors of society, and with relevant government authorities on the handling of proposals.We should actively carry out democratic consultation at the community level.（三）完善基層民主制度。在城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)治理、基層公共事務(wù)和公益事業(yè)中實(shí)行群眾

自我管理、自我服務(wù)、自我教育、自我監(jiān)督，是人民依法直接行使民主權(quán)利的重要方式。要健全基層黨組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的充滿活力的基層群眾自治機(jī)制，以擴(kuò)大有序參與、推進(jìn)信息公開、加強(qiáng)議事協(xié)商、強(qiáng)化權(quán)力監(jiān)督為重點(diǎn)，拓寬范圍和途徑，豐富內(nèi)容和形式，保障人民享有更多更切實(shí)的民主權(quán)利。全心全意依靠工人階級，健全以職工代表大會為基本形式的企事業(yè)單位民主管理制度，保障職工參與管理和監(jiān)督的民主權(quán)利。發(fā)揮基層各類組織協(xié)同作用，實(shí)現(xiàn)政府管理和基層民主有機(jī)結(jié)合。3.Improve community-level democracy An important way for the people to directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law is for them to conduct self-management, self-service, self-education, and self-oversight in exercising urban and rural community governance, in managing community-level public affairs and in running public service programs.We should improve the mechanism for community-level self-governance under the leadership of community-level Party organizations to make it full of vitality.We should broaden the scope and channels of such self-governance and enrich its content and forms, with the focus on expanding orderly participation, promoting transparency in information, improving deliberation and consultation on public affairs, and strengthening oversight of the exercise of power, to ensure that the people have greater and more tangible democratic rights.We should rely wholeheartedly on the working class, improve the democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with workers and employees' congress as its basic form, and protect workers and employees' democratic rights to participate in management and oversight.Community-level organizations of various types should also get involved to integrate government administration and community-level democracy.（四）全面推進(jìn)依法治國。法治是治國理政的基本方式。要推進(jìn)科學(xué)立法、嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法、公正司法、全民守法，堅持法律面前人人平等，保證有法必依、執(zhí)法必嚴(yán)、違法必究。完善中國特色社會主義法律體系，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域立法，拓展人民有序參與立法途徑。推進(jìn)依法行政，切實(shí)做到嚴(yán)格規(guī)范公正文明執(zhí)法。進(jìn)一步深化司法體制改革，堅持和完善中國特色社會主義司法制度，確保審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)依法獨(dú)立

公正行使審判權(quán)、檢察權(quán)。深入開展法制宣傳教育，弘揚(yáng)社會主義法治精神，樹立社會主義法治理念，增強(qiáng)全社會學(xué)法尊法守法用法意識。提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部運(yùn)用法治思維和法治方式深化改革、推動發(fā)展、化解矛盾、維護(hù)穩(wěn)定能力。黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民制定憲法和法律，黨必須在憲法和法律范圍內(nèi)活動。任何組織或者個人都不得有超越憲法和法律的特權(quán)，絕不允許以言代法、以權(quán)壓法、徇私枉法。4.Promote law-based governance of the country in an all-around way The rule of law is the basic way for running the country.We should make laws in a scientific way, enforce them strictly, administer justice impartially, and ensure that everyone abides by the law.We must make sure that all are equal before the law and that laws are observed and strictly enforced and lawbreakers are prosecuted.We should improve the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics, strengthen legislation in key areas, and expand channels for people's orderly participation in the legislative process.We should exercise government administration in accordance with the law and ensure that law enforcement is conducted in a strict, fair, and civilized way according to due procedures.We should continue to deepen reform of the judicial structure, uphold and improve the socialist judicial system with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that judicial and procuratorial bodies independently and impartially exercise their respective powers pursuant to law.We should carry out intensive publicity and education about the law, foster socialist spirit of the rule of law, and adopt the socialist concept of law-based governance.We should enhance the whole society's awareness of the need to study, respect, observe, and apply the law.We should ensure that leading officials are guided by law in both thinking and action in their effort to deepen reform, promote development, solve problems, and maintain stability.As the Constitution and laws are adopted by the Party and the people under its leadership, the Party must act within the scope prescribed by the Constitution and laws.No organization or individual has the privilege of overstepping the Constitution and laws, and no one in a position of power is allowed in any way to take one's own words as the law, place one's own authority above the law or abuse the law.（五）深化行政體制改革。行政體制改革是推動上層建筑適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的必然要

求。要按照建立中國特色社會主義行政體制目標(biāo)，深入推進(jìn)政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政社分開，建設(shè)職能科學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、廉潔高效、人民滿意的服務(wù)型政府。深化行政審批制度改革，繼續(xù)簡政放權(quán)，推動政府職能向創(chuàng)造良好發(fā)展環(huán)境、提供優(yōu)質(zhì)公共服務(wù)、維護(hù)社會公平正義轉(zhuǎn)變。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)大部門制改革，健全部門職責(zé)體系。優(yōu)化行政層級和行政區(qū)劃設(shè)臵，有條件的地方可探索省直接管理縣（市）改革，深化鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)行政體制改革。創(chuàng)新行政管理方式，提高政府公信力和執(zhí)行力，推進(jìn)政府績效管理。嚴(yán)格控制機(jī)構(gòu)編制，減少領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職數(shù)，降低行政成本。推進(jìn)事業(yè)單位分類改革。完善體制改革協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃和協(xié)調(diào)重大改革。5.Deepen reform of the administrative system Reform of the administrative system is a necessary requirement for making the superstructure compatible with the economic base.To reach the goal of establishing a socialist administrative system with Chinese characteristics, we should separate government administration from the management of enterprises, state assets, public institutions, and social organizations, and build a well-structured, clean and efficient service-oriented government that has scientifically defined functions and satisfies the people.We should deepen the reform of the system concerning matters subject to government examination and approval, continue to streamline administration and delegate more power to lower levels, and make the government better perform its functions of creating a favorable environment for development, providing quality public services, and maintaining social fairness and justice.We should steadily advance the reform to establish larger government departments and improve division of functions among them.We should improve the structure of administrative setup and geographical administrative divisions, experiment with the reform to place counties and county-level cities directly under the jurisdiction of provincial governments where conditions permit, and deepen reform of the administrative system at the town and township level.We should exercise government administration in an innovative way, increase public trust in the government, and improve its competence so as to make the government performance-oriented.We should strictly control the size of government bodies, cut the numbers of their leading officials, and reduce their administrative costs.We

should continue the reform of public institutions based on the classification of their functions.We should improve the mechanism for coordinating structural reforms and conduct major reforms in a holistic way according to the overall plan.（六）健全權(quán)力運(yùn)行制約和監(jiān)督體系。堅持用制度管權(quán)管事管人，保障人民知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、表達(dá)權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)，是權(quán)力正確運(yùn)行的重要保證。要確保決策權(quán)、執(zhí)行權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)，確保國家機(jī)關(guān)按照法定權(quán)限和程序行使權(quán)力。堅持科學(xué)決策、民主決策、依法決策，健全決策機(jī)制和程序，發(fā)揮思想庫作用，建立健全決策問責(zé)和糾錯制度。凡是涉及群眾切身利益的決策都要充分聽取群眾意見，凡是損害群眾利益的做法都要堅決防止和糾正。推進(jìn)權(quán)力運(yùn)行公開化、規(guī)范化，完善黨務(wù)公開、政務(wù)公開、司法公開和各領(lǐng)域辦事公開制度，健全質(zhì)詢、問責(zé)、經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任審計、引咎辭職、罷免等制度，加強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督、民主監(jiān)督、法律監(jiān)督、輿論監(jiān)督，讓人民監(jiān)督權(quán)力，讓權(quán)力在陽光下運(yùn)行。

6.Improve the mechanism for conducting checks and oversight over the exercise of power To ensure proper exercise of power, it is important to put power, Party and government operations and personnel management under institutional checks and uphold people's right to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee Party and government operations.We should make sure that decision-making, executive and oversight powers check each other and function in concert and that government bodies exercise their powers in accordance with statutory mandate and procedures.We should continue to conduct scientific, democratic, and law-based policymaking, improve decision-making mechanisms and procedures, seek advice of think tanks, and establish sound mechanisms for decision-making accountability and remedy.Whenever we make a decision involving the immediate interests of the people, we must solicit their views on it.We must not do anything that may harm the interests of the people and must correct any action that causes damage to their interests.We should make the exercise of power more open and standardized, and increase transparency of Party, government and judicial operations and official operations in other fields.We should improve the systems of inquiry, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and dismissal.49 We should tighten intra-Party, democratic and legal oversight as well as oversight through public opinion to ensure that the people oversee the exercise of power and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.（七）鞏固和發(fā)展最廣泛的愛國統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線是凝聚各方面力量，促進(jìn)政黨關(guān)系、民族關(guān)系、宗教關(guān)系、階層關(guān)系、海內(nèi)外同胞關(guān)系的和諧，奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利的重要法寶。要高舉愛國主義、社會主義旗臶，鞏固統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的思想政治基礎(chǔ)，正確處理一致性和多樣性的關(guān)系。堅持長期共存、互相監(jiān)督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共的方針，加強(qiáng)同民主黨派和無黨派人士團(tuán)結(jié)合作，促進(jìn)思想上同心同德、目標(biāo)上同心同向、行動上同心同行，加強(qiáng)黨外代表人士隊伍建設(shè)，選拔和推薦更多優(yōu)秀黨外人士擔(dān)任各級國家機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)。全面正確貫徹落實(shí)黨的民族政策，堅持和完善民族區(qū)域自治制度，牢牢把握各民族共同團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展的主題，深入開展民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步教育，加快民族地區(qū)發(fā)展，保障少數(shù)民族合法權(quán)益，鞏固和發(fā)展平等團(tuán)結(jié)互助和諧的社會主義民族關(guān)系，促進(jìn)各民族和睦相處、和衷共濟(jì)、和諧發(fā)展。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發(fā)揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中的積極作用。鼓勵和引導(dǎo)新的社會階層人士為中國特色社會主義事業(yè)作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。落實(shí)黨的僑務(wù)政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關(guān)心和參與祖國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)與和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)。

7.Consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front The united front is a powerful instrument for winning new victory for socialism with Chinese characteristics by pooling the strength of all quarters and harmonizing relations between political parties, ethnic groups, religions, social groups and compatriots at home and overseas.We should hold high the banner of patriotism and socialism, consolidate the theoretical and political foundation of the united front, and strike a balance between commonality and diversity.Guided by the principle of long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, treating each other with sincerity and sharing of both good and bad times, we should strengthen unity and cooperation with the democratic parties and public figures without party affiliation, pursue the common goal with unity in thought and action, strengthen the ranks of non-Party representative figures and select and recommend more outstanding individuals

第二篇：十八大報告中英文對照

政府工作報告

——2013年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上 國務(wù)院總理 溫家寶

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT Delivered at the First Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 5, 2013 Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council 各位代表：

現(xiàn)在，我代表國務(wù)院，向大會報告過去五年的政府工作，并對今年工作提出建議，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協(xié)委員提出意見。Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you the report on the government's work of the past five years and suggestions for its work this year for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、過去五年工作回顧

I.Review of Work in the Past Five Years

第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是我國發(fā)展進(jìn)程中極不平凡的五年。我們有效應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重沖擊，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值從26.6萬億元增加到51.9萬億元，躍升到世界第二位；公共財政收入從5.1萬億元增加到11.7萬億元；累計新增城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)5870萬人，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入年均分別增長8.8%、9.9%；糧食產(chǎn)量實(shí)現(xiàn)“九連增”；重要領(lǐng)域改革取得新進(jìn)展，開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)到新水平；創(chuàng)新型國家建設(shè)取得新成就，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、超級計算機(jī)、高速鐵路等實(shí)現(xiàn)重大突破，第一艘航母“遼寧艦”入列；成功舉辦北京奧運(yùn)會、殘奧會和上海世博會；奪取抗擊汶川特大地震、玉樹強(qiáng)烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害和災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建重大勝利。我國社會生產(chǎn)力和綜合國力顯著提高，人民生活水平和社會保障水平顯著提高，國際地位和國際影響力顯著提高。我們圓滿完成“十一五”規(guī)劃，順利實(shí)施“十二五”規(guī)劃。社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)取得重大進(jìn)展，譜寫了中國特色社會主義事業(yè)新篇章。

The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress were a truly extraordinary period of time in the course of China's development.We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development.China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world.Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%.Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.Progress was made in key areas of reform;and the open economy reached a new stage of development.We made China more innovative.Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developing supercomputers and building high-speed railways.China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned.We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.China's productive forces and overall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly.We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.We made significant socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and its main features: 一是有效應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。過去五年，我們是在持續(xù)應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)嚴(yán)重沖擊中走過來的。這場危機(jī)來勢之猛、擴(kuò)散之快、影響之深，百年罕見。我們沉著應(yīng)對，及時果斷調(diào)整宏觀調(diào)控著力點(diǎn)，出臺進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快增長的十項措施，全面實(shí)施一攬子計劃。兩年新增4萬億元投資，其中中央財政投資1.26萬億元，主要用于保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、社會事業(yè)、生態(tài)環(huán)保、自主創(chuàng)新等方面建設(shè)和災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建。五年來，新建各類保障性住房1800多萬套，棚戶區(qū)改造住房1200多萬套；完成大中型和重點(diǎn)小型水庫除險加固1.8萬座，治理重點(diǎn)中小河流2.45萬公里，新增節(jié)水灌溉面積770萬公頃；新增鐵路里程1.97萬公里，其中高速鐵路8951公里，京滬、京廣、哈大等高鐵和一批城際鐵路相繼投入運(yùn)營；新增公路60.9萬公里，其中高速公路4．2萬公里，高速公路總里程達(dá)9.56萬公里；新建機(jī)場31個；新增萬噸級港口泊位602個；一批跨江跨海大橋、連島工程相繼建成；西氣東輸、西電東送、南水北調(diào)等重大工程順利推進(jìn)或建成；非化石能源快速發(fā)展，水電、風(fēng)電裝機(jī)位居世界第一；重建后的汶川、玉樹、舟曲等災(zāi)區(qū)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。這些舉世矚目的成就，對我們有效應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)嚴(yán)重沖擊發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展打下了堅實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)造福億萬人民。

我們始終注重處理好保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，增強(qiáng)宏觀政策的前瞻性、科學(xué)性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重點(diǎn)。在國際金融危機(jī)沖擊最嚴(yán)重時，果斷實(shí)施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，綜合運(yùn)用多種財政政策工具，增加政府支出，實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅；有效運(yùn)用存款準(zhǔn)備金率、利率等貨幣政策工具，保持貨幣信貸合理增長。根據(jù)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)走勢的變化，我們及時調(diào)整政策力度，適時退出刺激政策，實(shí)施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。在財政政策運(yùn)用上，堅持統(tǒng)籌兼顧，注重綜合平衡。財政赤字占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重從2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右，赤字率和債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)率保持在安全水平。加強(qiáng)地方政府性債務(wù)全面審計和地方政府融資平臺管理，有效控制經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中的風(fēng)險隱患。在貨幣政策運(yùn)用上，始終注意把握穩(wěn)增長、控物價和防風(fēng)險之間的平衡。金融體系運(yùn)行穩(wěn)健，銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險抵御能力持續(xù)增強(qiáng)，資本充足率從2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%，不良貸款率由6.1%下降到0.95%。堅持搞好房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控不動搖，遏制了房價過快上漲勢頭。2012年，在世界各大經(jīng)濟(jì)體增長全面減速、各種風(fēng)險不斷暴露的情況下，我們合理把握政策力度，保持財政預(yù)算支出規(guī)模不變，優(yōu)化支出結(jié)構(gòu)，扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑趨勢，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)年初確定的主要目標(biāo)，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長7.8%，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1266萬人，居民消費(fèi)價格漲幅回落到2.6%，為今年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展打下好的基礎(chǔ)。

這五年，我國宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)總體上保持增速平穩(wěn)較快、物價相對穩(wěn)定、就業(yè)持續(xù)增加、國際收支趨于平衡的良好態(tài)勢，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年均增長9.3%，顯著高于同期全球和新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的增速，通貨膨脹率遠(yuǎn)低于其他新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體。我國經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定，充滿活力。

回首這五年，面對國際經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢復(fù)雜多變、持續(xù)低迷的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，中央科學(xué)判斷、果斷決策，有效避免了我國現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程因巨大的外部沖擊而出現(xiàn)大的波折，實(shí)踐證明這些決策部署是完全正確的。

In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, whose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century.We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan.In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central government, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural people's wellbeing, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.Over the past five years: More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded.A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares.A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railways.The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened to traffic.A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are expressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the mainland were completed.Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed.Non-fossil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely.These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining China's economic and social development.They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of millions of people.We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We made government macro policies more forward-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions.We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper growth in the money and credit supply.In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy.As a result, the government deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level.We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments' debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.In employing monetary policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks.The financial system functioned soundly.The banking sector became better able to avert risks.Its capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans dropped from 6.1% to 0.95%.We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly.In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending unchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth.As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CPI fell to 2.6%.All this laid a good foundation for China's economic development this year.Over the past five years: China's economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth.Prices remained fairly stable.Employment steadily increased.The balance of payments moved toward equilibrium.GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period.China's inflation rate was also much lower than that of other emerging economies.The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered China's modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks.Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were entirely correct.二是加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的質(zhì)量和效益。堅持實(shí)施擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略，內(nèi)需對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的貢獻(xiàn)率明顯提高，經(jīng)常項目順差占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重從10.1%下降到2.6%。居民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)加快升級。2012年底，城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村人均住房面積32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分別比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；城鎮(zhèn)居民每百戶擁有家用汽車21.5輛，比2007年增加15.5輛；旅游、文化消費(fèi)大幅增加。堅持走中國特色新型工業(yè)化道路，大力推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級。我國制造業(yè)規(guī)模躍居全球首位，高技術(shù)制造業(yè)增加值年均增長13.4%，成為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)重要先導(dǎo)性、支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)；清潔能源、節(jié)能環(huán)保、新一代信息技術(shù)、生物醫(yī)藥、高端裝備制造等一批戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量整體水平不斷提高。服務(wù)業(yè)增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重提高2.7個百分點(diǎn)，成為吸納就業(yè)最多的產(chǎn)業(yè)。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。五年累計，共淘汰落后煉鐵產(chǎn)能1.17億噸、煉鋼產(chǎn)能7800萬噸、水泥產(chǎn)能7.75億噸；新增城市污水日處理能力4600萬噸；單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降17.2%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量分別下降15.7%和17.5%。修訂環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增加細(xì)顆粒物PM2.5等監(jiān)測指標(biāo)。推進(jìn)天然林保護(hù)、退耕還林、防沙治沙等重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，五年累計完成造林2953萬公頃，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196萬公頃，綜合治理水土流失面積24.6萬平方公里，整治國土面積18萬平方公里。深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，頒布實(shí)施全國主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，制定西部大開發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃，加快推進(jìn)西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展，制定實(shí)施新十年農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要，將扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到2300元（2010年不變價），加強(qiáng)集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧攻堅。中西部和東北地區(qū)主要發(fā)展指標(biāo)增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級步伐加快，各具特色、良性互動的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局正在形成。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化，五年轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)村人口8463萬人，城鎮(zhèn)化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了歷史性變化。城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性明顯增強(qiáng)。

2.Accelerating adjustment of the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic development We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand.As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.--At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37.1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.--Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.--Travel-and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.--China's manufacturing industry became the largest in the world.With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.--Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.--The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.--The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment.Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed:--Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.--Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.--Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.Moreover, in the past five years:--Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.--Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 17.2%.--Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.--Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.--Environmental air quality standards were revised.--The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2.5)was added.Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification.Over the past five years:--An additional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.--Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.--Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.--A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new ten-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang.We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average.Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently.Over the past five years:--A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.--The urbanization level rose from 45.9% to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China's urban-rural population structure.Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.三是毫不放松地抓好“三農(nóng)”工作，鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)地位。我們堅持在工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化深入發(fā)展中同步推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，集中力量辦成了一些關(guān)系農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展、關(guān)系農(nóng)民切身利益的大事。加大財政投入，中央財政“三農(nóng)”累計支出4.47萬億元，年均增長23.5％。建立健全種糧農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼制度和主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，補(bǔ)貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)逐年提高，覆蓋范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，補(bǔ)貼資金從2007年的639億元增加到2012年的1923億元。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)，涉農(nóng)貸款余額從2007年末的6.12萬億元增加到2012年末的17.63萬億元。實(shí)行糧食最低收購價政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購價累計提高41.7%到86.7%。加強(qiáng)耕地保護(hù)，維護(hù)農(nóng)民權(quán)益，為完善農(nóng)村集體土地征收補(bǔ)償制度做了大量準(zhǔn)備工作。加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)，加大對良種繁育、動植物疫病防控、基層農(nóng)技推廣的支持力度。大力興修水利，開展農(nóng)村土地整治，建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田，耕地面積保持在18.2億畝以上。糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力躍上新臺階，糧食總產(chǎn)量連續(xù)6年穩(wěn)定在萬億斤以上并逐年增加。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村水電路氣等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，新建改建農(nóng)村公路146.5萬公里，改造農(nóng)村危房1033萬戶，解決了3億多農(nóng)村人口的飲水安全和無電區(qū)445萬人的用電問題，農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件不斷改善。積極引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村富余勞動力轉(zhuǎn)向非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，農(nóng)民人均純收入持續(xù)較快增長，2010年以來城鄉(xiāng)居民相對收入差距逐步縮小。深化農(nóng)村綜合改革。集體林權(quán)制度主體改革基本完成，全面推進(jìn)農(nóng)村集體土地確權(quán)頒證工作，開展農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)登記試點(diǎn)。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展的好形勢，為應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)和各種自然災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重沖擊、穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展大局提供了重要支撐。

3.Unremittingly doing our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy We carried out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization, application of information and communication technologies(ICT), and urbanization, and we pooled resources to accomplish a number of major tasks that are important to the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas and to the vital interests of farmers.--We increased central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which totaled 4.47 trillion yuan for the past five years and rose by an average annual rate of 23.5%.--We established a sound system for subsidizing grain farmers and a sound mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas, broadened the coverage of the subsidies, and raised them every year, from 63.9 billion yuan in 2007 to 192.3 billion yuan in 2012.--We provided more rural financial services, and the outstanding balance of bank loans to agriculture, rural areas and farmers increased from 6.12 trillion yuan at the end of 2007 to 17.63 trillion yuan at the end of 2012.--We carried out the policy of minimum grain purchase prices and raised the floor prices for wheat and rice between 41.7% and 86.7%.--We intensified protection of farmland and farmers' rights and interests, and made a lot of preparations to improve the system of compensating for expropriation of rural collective land.--We made greater progress in agricultural science and technology and the development of modern agriculture, and we increased support for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and spreading agricultural technology in villages.--We built more water conservancy projects, improved rural land, developed high-grade farmland, and kept the country's total area of farmland over 121.3 million hectares.--Thanks to these efforts, China's overall grain production capacity reached a new level, and its grain output in each of the past six years increased and exceeded 500 million tons.--We strengthened rural infrastructure such as roads and water, power and methane supply capacity.We built or upgraded 1.465 million kilometers of rural roads, renovated run-down houses for 10.33 million rural households, provided safe drinking water for an additional 300 million plus rural residents, and delivered electricity to 4.45 million people in areas without power supply.This led to steady improvement in rural productivity and quality of life.--We encouraged surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment.The per capita net income of rural residents grew rapidly, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents has progressively narrowed since 2010.--We deepened overall rural reform.--We basically completed the main tasks for reforming the collective forest tenure system, made comprehensive progress in determining, registering and certifying collective land ownership, and carried out trials for registering contracted rural land-use rights.Sound agricultural and rural development provided important support for China to counter the severe impact of the global financial crisis and natural disasters and maintain overall stability in economic and social development.四是堅持實(shí)施科教興國戰(zhàn)略，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的核心支撐能力。我們加快實(shí)施國家中長期科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，制定實(shí)施國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要、國家中長期人才發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要和國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略，推動科技、教育、文化事業(yè)全面發(fā)展，為國家長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育事業(yè)。國家財政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出五年累計7.79萬億元，年均增長21.58%，2012年占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例達(dá)到4%。教育資源重點(diǎn)向農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)、民族、貧困地區(qū)傾斜，教育公平取得明顯進(jìn)步。全面實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)九年免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育，惠及1.6億學(xué)生。實(shí)施學(xué)前教育三年行動計劃，“入園難”問題有所緩解。國家助學(xué)制度不斷完善，建立了家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)從學(xué)前教育到研究生教育各個階段全覆蓋，每年資助金額近1000億元，資助學(xué)生近8000萬人次。實(shí)施中等職業(yè)教育免學(xué)費(fèi)政策，覆蓋范圍包括所有農(nóng)村學(xué)生、城市涉農(nóng)專業(yè)學(xué)生和家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生。初步解決進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員隨遷子女在城市接受義務(wù)教育問題，現(xiàn)有1260萬農(nóng)村戶籍孩子在城市接受義務(wù)教育。實(shí)施惠及3000多萬農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生營養(yǎng)改善計劃。完成中小學(xué)校舍安全工程。加快職業(yè)教育基礎(chǔ)能力和特殊教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。義務(wù)教育學(xué)校實(shí)施績效工資，在教育部直屬師范大學(xué)實(shí)行師范生免費(fèi)教育，加強(qiáng)了農(nóng)村教師隊伍建設(shè)。全面提高教育質(zhì)量和水平，高等教育毛入學(xué)率提高到30%。國民受教育程度大幅提升，15歲以上人口平均受教育年限達(dá)到9年以上。大力推動自主創(chuàng)新。中央財政用于科技的投入五年累計8729億元，年均增長超過18%。全社會研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企業(yè)研發(fā)活動支出占比超過74%。出臺深化科技體制改革加快國家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)的意見。深入實(shí)施國家技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程和知識創(chuàng)新工程，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)國家科技重大專項，新建一批國家工程中心、重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗室和企業(yè)技術(shù)中心。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿探索，突破一批關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，填補(bǔ)了多項重大產(chǎn)品和裝備的空白。

深入實(shí)施人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略。以高層次、高技能人才為重點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)各類人才隊伍建設(shè)，專業(yè)技術(shù)人才、高技能人才分別增加860萬人和880萬人，留學(xué)回國人員達(dá)到54萬人。大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)。覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的公共文化設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系初步建成，博物館、圖書館、文化館（站）實(shí)現(xiàn)免費(fèi)開放。國有經(jīng)營性文化單位轉(zhuǎn)企改制任務(wù)基本完成，公益性文化事業(yè)單位內(nèi)部機(jī)制改革不斷深化。哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)、新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)等更加繁榮，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。文物保護(hù)、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和傳承取得重要進(jìn)展。對外文化交流更加活躍。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

4.Steadfastly implementing the strategy for making China strong through the development of science and education, and boosting the country's core ability to sustain economic and social development We accelerated implementation of the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development;formulated and implemented the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Education Reform and Development, the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Development of Competent Personnel and the national strategy on intellectual property rights.This gave impetus to all-around progress in science and technology, education, and culture and laid a solid foundation for ensuring China's long-term development.We gave high priority to developing education.Government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years, increasing at an average annual rate of 21.58% to reach 4% of GDP in 2012.We allocated educational resources, giving priority to rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas and made notable progress in improving fairness in education.We made free nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, benefiting 160 million students.A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the shortage of preschools was eased.We improved the system of state financial aid to students, and established a system for giving students from poor families financial aid from preschool through graduate school.We spent approximately 100 billion yuan annually for this purpose and assisted nearly 80 million students.We implemented the policy of tuition-free secondary vocational education for all rural students and all urban students who study agriculture-related majors or are from poor families.The problem of providing compulsory education to children of rural migrants working in cities was basically solved, and 12.6 million children with rural residence status are now receiving compulsory education in cities.We implemented the plan for improving nutrition of rural students receiving compulsory education to the benefit of over 30 million students.We completed the project to improve the safety of primary and secondary school buildings.We sped up development of infrastructure for vocational and special education.The pay of teachers in compulsory education is now linked to their performance.Students majoring in education at teachers universities directly under the Ministry of Education were exempted from paying tuition, and the ranks of rural teachers were strengthened.The quality and level of education in China was comprehensively raised, and the gross college enrollment rate rose to 30%.The education level of the people was raised significantly, and the average length of schooling of people over the age of 15 now exceeds nine years.We vigorously promoted innovation.The central government spent 872.9 billion yuan to develop science and technology in the past five years, with an average annual increase of over 18%.China's R&D spending accounted for 1.97% of GDP in 2012, up from 1.4% in 2007, and over 74% of this spending was made by companies.The Guidelines on Deepening Reform of the Management System for Science and Technology and Accelerating Development of a National Innovation System were adopted.We carried out a national technology innovation project and a knowledge innovation project, made solid progress in implementing major national R&D projects, and set up a number of national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers.We boosted basic research and research in frontier areas, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in gaps in many important products and equipment.We implemented the strategy for making China strong through training competent personnel.We trained more personnel of all types, with the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel.As a result, the number of personnel with special expertise and highly skilled personnel increased by 8.6 million and 8.8 million respectively.A total of 540,000 overseas students returned.We put greater effort into developing the cultural sector.A network of public cultural facilities covering both urban and rural areas is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in China are open to the public free of charge.We basically transformed state-owned for-profit cultural institutions into business enterprises, and deepened reform of internal operating mechanisms of nonprofit cultural institutions.Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and film, and literature and art are flourishing, and cultural industries developed rapidly.We made major progress in protecting cultural relics and preserving and passing on intangible cultural heritage.Cultural exchanges with other countries increased.New progress was made in nationwide fitness activities and competitive sports.五是堅持把人民利益放在第一位，著力保障和改善民生。我們把就業(yè)作為保障和改善民生的頭等大事，實(shí)施積極的就業(yè)政策。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)工作，提高職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)服務(wù)水平，五年累計投入就業(yè)專項資金1973億元，實(shí)現(xiàn)高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)2800萬人，城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)830萬人，保持了就業(yè)形勢總體穩(wěn)定。全面推進(jìn)社會保障體系建設(shè)，建立新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險和城鎮(zhèn)居民社會養(yǎng)老保險制度，城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險實(shí)現(xiàn)了制度全覆蓋，各項養(yǎng)老保險參保達(dá)到7.9億人。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金從2004年人均每月700元提高到現(xiàn)在的1721元。妥善解決關(guān)閉破產(chǎn)企業(yè)退休人員、困難企業(yè)職工、國有企業(yè)老工傷人員、未參保集體企業(yè)退休人員社會保險等問題。深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革，建立新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度和城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險制度，全民基本醫(yī)保體系初步形成，各項醫(yī)療保險參保超過13億人，加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，建立基本藥物制度并在基層醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施，公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。國民健康水平進(jìn)一步提高，人均預(yù)期壽命達(dá)到75歲。健全城鄉(xiāng)居民低保、醫(yī)療、教育、法律等救助制度，改革完善孤兒保障、流浪兒童救助保護(hù)、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)制度。頒布實(shí)施新的中國婦女、兒童發(fā)展綱要，依法保障婦女兒童合法權(quán)益。建立健全城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房制度，覆蓋面逐步擴(kuò)大，2012年底已達(dá)到12.5%。社會保障制度建設(shè)取得歷史性的巨大成就。不斷加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會管理，建立健全應(yīng)急管理體系，發(fā)揮城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)自治和服務(wù)功能，社會保持和諧穩(wěn)定。

5.Putting the people's interests first and striving to ensure and improve their wellbeing We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and pursued a proactive employment policy.Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services.As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment.All this kept the overall employment situation stable.We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents.A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present.We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.A basic medical insurance system that covers the whole population is taking shape, and over 1.3 billion people are now covered by different medical insurance schemes.We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions.Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals.People's health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved.We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country's urban households by the end of 2012.Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system.We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.六是深化重要領(lǐng)域改革，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的內(nèi)在活力。我們不失時機(jī)地推進(jìn)改革，在一些重要領(lǐng)域取得重大進(jìn)展。大力推進(jìn)財稅體制改革，完善轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度，全面建立縣級基本財力保障機(jī)制，基層政府提供基本公共服務(wù)的能力有所提高；由公共財政預(yù)算、政府性基金預(yù)算、國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算、社會保險基金預(yù)算組成的預(yù)算體系框架基本形成，預(yù)算外資金全部納入預(yù)算管理；統(tǒng)一內(nèi)外資企業(yè)稅制，實(shí)現(xiàn)增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型，實(shí)施成品油價格和稅費(fèi)改革，開展?fàn)I業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)，改革資源稅制度，財稅體制對加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的促進(jìn)作用增強(qiáng)。全面深化金融體制改革，國有大型商業(yè)銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革有序推進(jìn)，農(nóng)村信用社改革成效明顯，銀行業(yè)新監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施，創(chuàng)業(yè)板、股指期貨和融資融券業(yè)務(wù)相繼推出，保險業(yè)改革開放深入推進(jìn)，人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制不斷完善，利率市場化和資本項目可兌換改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，建立宏觀審慎政策框架，擴(kuò)大人民幣在跨境貿(mào)易和投資中的使用。我國銀行、證券、保險業(yè)的抗風(fēng)險能力和國際競爭力顯著提升，為成功應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)沖擊奠定了堅實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。國有企業(yè)改革不斷深化，素質(zhì)提高，競爭力明顯增強(qiáng)。制定鼓勵和引導(dǎo)民間投資健康發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見和實(shí)施細(xì)則，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境不斷改善。建立生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度，開展排污權(quán)和碳排放權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)。事業(yè)單位分類改革積極推進(jìn)。

6.Deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country.County-and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services.We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extrabudgetary funds were placed under budgetary management.We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system.This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system.Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way.We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading.We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider.We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts, established a macroprudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment.China's banking, securities and insurance industries became significantly more resilient to risks and internationally competitive, and they underpinned our successful response to the global financial crisis.Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced.We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved.We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights.We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.七是堅定不移擴(kuò)大對外開放，全面提升開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。我們積極應(yīng)對外部環(huán)境的急劇變化，及時出臺穩(wěn)定外需的政策措施，實(shí)施市場多元化戰(zhàn)略，進(jìn)出口總額年均增長12.2%，從世界第三位提升到第二位，其中出口額躍居世界第一位，占國際市場份額比2007年提高2個多百分點(diǎn)，進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，貿(mào)易大國地位進(jìn)一步鞏固。五年累計實(shí)際利用外資5528億美元，利用外資的結(jié)構(gòu)和布局明顯優(yōu)化，質(zhì)量和水平顯著提升。加快實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略，鼓勵各類企業(yè)開展對外投資和跨國經(jīng)營，非金融類對外直接投資從2007年的248億美元上升到2012年的772億美元，年均增長25.5%，躋身對外投資大國行列。對外開放有力促進(jìn)了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，吸收了先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗，增加了就業(yè)和職工收入，也為推動世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

7.Unswervingly opening wider to the outside world and comprehensively improving the performance of the open economy We actively responded to drastic changes in the external environment, promptly introduced policies and measures to stabilize external demand, and implemented the strategy of diversifying markets.During the past five years, China's import and export volume grew by an annual average of 12.2% and rose from third to second place in the world.China has become the largest exporter in the world, and its international market share increased by over two percentage points over 2007.China's import and export mix improved, and its status as a trading power was further strengthened.Over the past five years, we utilized US$ 552.8 billion of foreign investment, considerably improved the structure and distribution of this investment, and made much better use of it.We quickened the implementation of the “go global” strategy and encouraged enterprises of various types to invest and operate overseas.Non-financial outward direct investment increased from $24.8 billion in 2007 to $77.2 billion in 2012, growing at an average annual rate of 25.5%.This turned China into a major overseas investor country.Opening up vigorously stimulated China's economic development and structural improvement, brought in advanced foreign technologies and managerial expertise, and increased employment and workers' income, and also made an important contribution to global economic recovery.八是切實(shí)加強(qiáng)政府自身建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步深化行政體制改革。推進(jìn)政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革，初步建立職能統(tǒng)一的大部門體制框架。我們始終把實(shí)行科學(xué)民主決策、堅持依法行政、推進(jìn)政務(wù)公開、健全監(jiān)督制度、加強(qiáng)廉政建設(shè)作為政府工作的基本準(zhǔn)則。在規(guī)范行政權(quán)力運(yùn)行，建設(shè)服務(wù)政府、責(zé)任政府、法治政府和廉潔政府方面，采取了一系列新舉措，邁出了新步伐。堅持科學(xué)決策、民主決策、依法決策，健全公眾參與、專家論證、風(fēng)險評估、合法性審查和集體討論決定等政府決策程序。深化行政審批制度改革，五年中分兩輪取消和調(diào)整行政審批事項498項，國務(wù)院各部門取消和調(diào)整的審批項目總數(shù)達(dá)到2497項，占原有審批項目的69.3%。大力推動政務(wù)公開，重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)財政預(yù)算決算公開和公務(wù)接待、公務(wù)車購置使用、因公出國出境經(jīng)費(fèi)公開，讓人民群眾更加全面地了解政府工作，更加有效地監(jiān)督政府行為。審計監(jiān)督的力度越來越大，成效越來越明顯。全面加強(qiáng)反腐倡廉建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部廉潔自律的監(jiān)督管理。探索建立政府績效管理制度，建立并切實(shí)執(zhí)行以行政首長為重點(diǎn)的行政問責(zé)制度，努力提高行政效能。

8.Effectively strengthening governance and deepening reform of the administrative system We proceeded with the reform of government agencies and put in place the basic institutional framework for establishing larger government departments that integrate the functions smaller ones had performed.We always observed the following basic norms in exercising governance: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically, conducting administration in accordance with the law, promoting transparency in government operations, improving the oversight system and upholding integrity.We adopted new measures and made new progress in exercising government power according to due procedures and in building a service-oriented, accountable, law-based and clean government.We took the following steps to improve government decision-making procedures: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically in accordance with the law;soliciting opinions from the public;and conducting expert evaluation, risk assessment, legality review, and collective discussion.We deepened reform of the system of review and approval by government bodies and eliminated or streamlined 498 items requiring such review and approval in two stages over the past five years.Departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined 2,497 items requiring their review and approval, 69.3% of the original total.We took major steps to increase transparency in government operations, with the focus on government budgets and final accounts, as well as on expenditures for official hospitality, purchase and use of official cars, and overseas trips for official purposes.This made it possible for the people to learn more about how the government functions, and thus more effectively oversee its operations.Auditing oversight was intensified and became more effective.We comprehensively intensified efforts to fight corruption and build a clean government, and strengthened oversight and supervision of leading officials to ensure that they maintain personal integrity and are self-disciplined.We took steps to put in place a system of performance-based management of government officials, established and earnestly enforced the system of governance accountability focusing on leading government officials, and improved efficiency in governance.各位代表！

五年來，我們貫徹民族區(qū)域自治法，支持少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)發(fā)展的政策體系更加完善，民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步事業(yè)煥發(fā)出新的蓬勃生機(jī)。

全面落實(shí)宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事務(wù)管理的法制化、規(guī)范化水平進(jìn)一步提升。認(rèn)真貫徹僑務(wù)政策，依法保護(hù)海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷的合法權(quán)益，僑務(wù)資源的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮。國防和軍隊建設(shè)開創(chuàng)新局面。中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現(xiàn)代化正規(guī)化建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)、全面加強(qiáng)，軍事斗爭準(zhǔn)備不斷深化，履行新世紀(jì)新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強(qiáng)，出色完成一系列急難險重任務(wù)。

港澳臺工作進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩(wěn)定，同內(nèi)地交流合作提高到新水平。推動兩岸關(guān)系實(shí)現(xiàn)重大轉(zhuǎn)折，兩岸直接雙向“三通”全面實(shí)現(xiàn)，簽署實(shí)施兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)合作框架協(xié)議，形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創(chuàng)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展新局面。

全方位外交取得新的重大進(jìn)展。我們積極推進(jìn)同各大國關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)與周邊鄰國的互利合作關(guān)系，順利建成中國－東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)，推動上海合作組織等區(qū)域合作機(jī)制發(fā)展，深化同廣大發(fā)展中國家的傳統(tǒng)友誼與合作，積極參與應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)、氣候變化等全球性問題的國際合作，推動解決國際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題，為我國改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定營造了有利的國際環(huán)境，為世界和平穩(wěn)定發(fā)展繁榮作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。Fellow Deputies, Over the past five years, we implemented the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, improved the policy system for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and infused new vitality into the cause of promoting unity and progress of ethnic groups in China.We comprehensively carried out the policy on freedom of religious belief and managed religious affairs on a more law-and procedure-based basis.We implemented the policy on overseas Chinese affairs in both letter and spirit, protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and those who have returned to China and their families;and we put their unique strengths to better use.New progress was made in strengthening national defense and the armed forces.Major achievements were made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.The armed forces made coordinated and all-around progress in becoming more revolutionary, modernized and procedure-based.They deepened their military preparedness, greatly enhanced their ability to carry out their historic mission in the new stage in the new century, and accomplished a number of urgent, difficult, and hazardous tasks.We strengthened our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.Hong Kong and Macao are thriving and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland reached a new height.We achieved a major transition in relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.Complete, direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade were established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed and is being implemented.This extended cross-Straits exchanges to all areas and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.Major new progress was made in China's all-around diplomacy.We vigorously developed our relations with other major countries, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation with our neighbors, and successfully established the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.We spurred the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other mechanisms for promoting regional cooperation, and deepened our traditional friendship and cooperation with other developing countries.We actively participated in international cooperation on global issues like the global financial crisis and climate change and helped resolve international and regional hotspot issues.We thus fostered an international environment favorable for China's reform, development and stability and made a significant contribution to world peace, stability, development and prosperity.二、今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的總體要求、主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策

II.General Requirements, Major Targets and Macroeconomic Policies for This Year's Economic and Social Development

黨的十八大科學(xué)總結(jié)了過去五年的工作和黨的十六大以來的奮斗歷程和歷史性成就，確定了全面建成小康社會和全面深化改革開放的目標(biāo)，對進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)中國特色社會主義事業(yè)作出了全面部署。

2013年是全面貫徹落實(shí)黨的十八大精神的開局之年，是實(shí)施“十二五”規(guī)劃承前啟后的關(guān)鍵一年，是為全面建成小康社會奠定堅實(shí)基礎(chǔ)的重要一年。我國發(fā)展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展具備很多有利條件和積極因素，也面臨不少風(fēng)險和挑戰(zhàn)。國際金融危機(jī)深層次影響持續(xù)顯現(xiàn)，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇充滿不確定性、不穩(wěn)定性。我們既要看到形勢的積極方面，堅定信心，也要看到形勢的復(fù)雜性，增強(qiáng)憂患意識和緊迫感，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、扎扎實(shí)實(shí)做好工作。

今年工作的總體要求是：深入學(xué)習(xí)和全面貫徹落實(shí)黨的十八大精神，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，緊緊圍繞主題主線，以提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長質(zhì)量和效益為中心，深化改革開放，實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動戰(zhàn)略，穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)，開拓創(chuàng)新，扎實(shí)開局，全面推進(jìn)社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展和社會和諧穩(wěn)定。

今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長7.5%左右，發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)；居民消費(fèi)價格漲幅3.5%左右；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率低于4.6%；城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入實(shí)際增長與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長同步，勞動報酬增長和勞動生產(chǎn)率提高同步；國際收支狀況進(jìn)一步改善。這里，著重對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和物價總水平兩個指標(biāo)作些說明。關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長目標(biāo)。這是一個綜合性指標(biāo)，各方面高度關(guān)注。今年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長預(yù)期目標(biāo)定為7.5%左右，主要基于兩方面考慮：一方面，要繼續(xù)抓住機(jī)遇、促進(jìn)發(fā)展。這些年，我國制造業(yè)積累了較大產(chǎn)能，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施狀況大為改善，支撐能力明顯增強(qiáng)，儲蓄率較高，勞動力總量仍然很大。必須優(yōu)化配置和利用生產(chǎn)要素，保持合理的增長速度，為增加就業(yè)、改善民生提供必要條件，為轉(zhuǎn)方式、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)造穩(wěn)定環(huán)境；必須使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與潛在增長率相協(xié)調(diào)，與生產(chǎn)要素的供給能力和資源環(huán)境的承受能力相適應(yīng)。另一方面，要切實(shí)按照科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的要求，引導(dǎo)各方面把工作重心放到加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式和調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)上，放到提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的質(zhì)量和效益上，推動經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。綜合權(quán)衡，今年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長目標(biāo)定為7.5%左右是必要的、適宜的，實(shí)現(xiàn)這個目標(biāo)需要付出艱苦努力。

關(guān)于物價總水平。保持物價總水平基本穩(wěn)定始終是宏觀調(diào)控的重要目標(biāo)。去年居民消費(fèi)價格漲幅回落到2.6%，這是我們控制通貨膨脹取得的一個重要成果，也與經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行整體態(tài)勢有關(guān)。今年通貨膨脹壓力仍然較大，主要是：我國土地、勞動力等要素價格，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)類價格都存在上漲壓力；主要發(fā)達(dá)國家實(shí)行寬松貨幣政策并不斷加碼，輸入性通貨膨脹壓力不容忽視；理順能源資源價格需要留出一定空間；去年價格上漲的翹尾影響約有1個百分點(diǎn)。把居民消費(fèi)價格漲幅控制在3.5%左右，是充分考慮各方面因素后作出的選擇。要切實(shí)保障重要商品供給，搞活流通，降低物流成本，加強(qiáng)市場價格監(jiān)管，保持物價總水平基本穩(wěn)定。

實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo)，必須繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，保持政策連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性，增強(qiáng)前瞻性、針對性和靈活性。

繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財政政策。更好地發(fā)揮積極財政政策在穩(wěn)增長、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促改革、惠民生中的作用。一是適當(dāng)增加財政赤字和國債規(guī)模。今年擬安排財政赤字1.2萬億元，比去年預(yù)算增加4000億元，其中中央財政赤字8500億元，代地方發(fā)債3500億元。這主要是考慮到結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅的滯后效應(yīng)，今年財政收入增長不會太快，但財政剛性支出增加，特別是要增加保障改善民生支出，保持對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的支持力度，適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大財政赤字和國債規(guī)模是必要的。同時，目前我國債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)率相對較低，今年增加赤字后，赤字率在2%左右，總體上處于安全水平。二是結(jié)合稅制改革完善結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅政策。重點(diǎn)是加快推進(jìn)營業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)工作，完善試點(diǎn)辦法，適時擴(kuò)大試點(diǎn)地區(qū)和行業(yè)范圍。三是著力優(yōu)化財政支出結(jié)構(gòu)。繼續(xù)向教育、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生、社會保障等民生領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)傾斜，嚴(yán)格控制行政經(jīng)費(fèi)等一般性支出，勤儉辦一切事業(yè)。中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資主要投向保障性安居工程，農(nóng)業(yè)、水利、城市管網(wǎng)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，社會事業(yè)等民生工程，節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境等領(lǐng)域。四是繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)地方政府性債務(wù)管理。妥善處理債務(wù)償還和在建項目后續(xù)融資問題，積極推進(jìn)地方政府性債務(wù)管理制度建設(shè)，合理控制地方政府性債務(wù)水平。

繼續(xù)實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。把握好促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、穩(wěn)定物價和防范金融風(fēng)險之間的平衡。一是健全宏觀審慎政策框架，發(fā)揮貨幣政策逆周期調(diào)節(jié)作用。廣義貨幣M2預(yù)期增長目標(biāo)擬定為13%左右。綜合運(yùn)用多種貨幣政策工具，調(diào)節(jié)市場流動性，保持貨幣信貸合理增長，適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大社會融資規(guī)模。完善貨幣政策傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管與貨幣政策的協(xié)調(diào)，不斷優(yōu)化監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和監(jiān)管方式。二是促進(jìn)金融資源優(yōu)化配置。引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)加大對經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整特別是“三農(nóng)”、小微企業(yè)、戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)等的金融支持，滿足國家重點(diǎn)在建續(xù)建項目資金需求。拓寬實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)融資渠道，降低實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)融資成本。促進(jìn)資本市場穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展。三是守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性和區(qū)域性金融風(fēng)險底線。引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)穩(wěn)健經(jīng)營，加強(qiáng)對局部和區(qū)域性風(fēng)險以及金融機(jī)構(gòu)表外業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險的監(jiān)管，提高金融支持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性。At its Eighteenth National Congress, the Party scientifically reviewed its work over the previous five years and the historic achievements since its Sixteenth Congress, set forth the objectives of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and deepening reform and opening up in an all-around way, and laid out an overall plan for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.The year 2013 is the first year for fully carrying out the guiding principles of the Party's Eighteenth National Congress, a crucial year for continuing to implement the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and an important year for laying a solid foundation for finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities during which much can be accomplished.There are many favorable conditions and positive factors as well as a number of risks and challenges for China's economic and social development.The profound impact of the global financial crisis persists, and the recovery of the world economy is full of uncertainty and not yet on a stable footing.We should realize that the situation is encouraging and so remain confident;but also that it is complex and so be mindful of adversity, have a keen sense of urgency, and industriously and earnestly do our work well.The general requirements for this year's work are:--Thoroughly study and fully implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth Party Congress.--Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics.--Follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development.--Take developing in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as the major task.--Focus on improving the quality and performance of economic growth.--Deepen reform and opening up.--Implement the strategy of making development more innovation-driven.--Make progress while ensuring stability.--Blaze new trails in a pioneering spirit.--Get off to a good start.--Comprehensively promote socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress.--Achieve sustained, healthy economic growth and social harmony and stability.The major targets for this year's economic and social development are:--Increase GDP by about 7.5%.--Better coordinate development.--Hold increases in the CPI to around 3.5%.--Add more than 9 million urban jobs.--Keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%.--Ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and that work remuneration rises in step with increases in labor productivity.--Further improve the balance of payments.Here, I wish to explain our targets for economic growth and overall prices.The target for economic growth: This is a general target that is followed closely by all.In setting this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, we have taken two factors into account.On the one hand, we need to continue to seize opportunities and promote development.Over the years, the capacity of China's manufacturing industry has increased considerably and our infrastructure has improved significantly, which means they are better able to sustain development.The rate of savings has been high, and the size of the workforce has remained large.We must better allocate and employ factors of production and maintain a proper level of economic growth in order to provide necessary conditions for creating jobs and improving people's wellbeing and to create a stable environment for changing the growth model and adjusting the economic structure.We must ensure that economic growth is in accord with the potential economic growth rate, the ability to supply factors of production, and the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.On the other hand, we should, in accordance with the Scientific Outlook on Development, guide all the people to shift the focus of their work to accelerating the change of the growth model, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic growth, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic development.In light of these considerations, we deem it necessary and appropriate to set this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, a goal that we will have to work hard to attain.The target for overall prices: Maintaining basic stability of overall prices has always been an important macro-control target.Last year, the rise in the CPI dropped to 2.6%.This was an important result of our efforts to curb inflation, and it was also due to the overall economic performance.This year, China is still under considerable inflationary pressure.The main reasons are:--There is upward pressure on the prices of land, labor and other factors of production and the prices of farm products and services.--Major developed countries are increasingly carrying out easy monetary policies, and imported inflationary pressure cannot be overlooked.--We need to leave some room for adjusting the prices of energy and resources.--The carry-over effect of the CPI increase in 2012 will contribute roughly one percentage point to this year's CPI growth rate.Taking all these factors fully into account, we have set the target for increases in the CPI at around 3.5% for this year.We should effectively ensure the supply of major commodities, boost distribution of goods, reduce logistics costs, tighten oversight over market prices, and keep overall prices basically stable.To reach the above targets, we must continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, maintain continuity and stability of our policies, and make them more forward-looking, targeted and flexible.We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We should make our proactive fiscal policy play a bigger role in ensuring steady growth, adjusting the structure, advancing reform, and benefiting the people.First, we will increase the deficit and government debt by appropriate amounts.This year we are projecting a deficit of 1.2 trillion yuan, 400 billion more than the budgeted figure last year.This consists of a central government deficit of 850 billion yuan and 350 billion yuan in bonds to be issued on behalf of local governments.The time-lag of past structural tax cuts will make it hard for government revenue to grow fast this year, while fixed government expenditures will increase.In particular, it is necessary to increase spending to ensure and improve people's wellbeing and maintain support for economic growth and structural adjustment.Consequently, we deem it necessary to appropriately increase the deficit and government debt.It should be noted that China has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio, and the increase in the deficit this year will bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio to about 2%, which is overall at a safe level.Second, we will improve the structural tax cut policy as we continue to reform the tax system.The focus will be on accelerating the pilot project to replace business tax with VAT, improving the way these trials are conducted and extending them to more areas and sectors in a timely manner.Third, we will work hard to optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to give priority to spending on education, medical and health care, social security and other weak areas that are important to people's wellbeing.We will strictly limit regular expenditures like administrative expenses, and practice thrift in everything we do.Investment from the central government budget will be mainly made in government-subsidized housing projects;infrastructure projects related to agriculture, water conservancy and urban utilities networks;social programs and other projects to improve people's wellbeing;and energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection.Fourth, we will continue to strengthen management of local government debt.We will properly handle debt repayment and follow-up financing for ongoing projects, put in place a system for managing local government debt and keep such debt at an appropriate level.We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We will maintain a balance between boosting economic growth, keeping prices stable and guarding against financial risks.First, we will improve the policy framework for exercising macro-control prudently and have monetary policy play the role of making counter-cyclic adjustments.The target for growth of the broad money supply(M2)is about 13%.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools to control market liquidity, increase the money and credit supply at an appropriate pace, and expand the aggregate financing for the economy by an appropriate amount.We will improve the transmission mechanism for monetary policy, better coordinate financial oversight and monetary policy, and improve oversight standards and their implementation.Second, we will better allocate financial resources.We will guide financial institutions to increase financial support for structural adjustments to the economy, especially for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, small and micro businesses, and strategic emerging industries, and satisfy funding needs for key national projects under construction or expansion.We will broaden financing channels for the real economy and reduce its financing costs.We will promote steady and healthy development of the capital market.Third, we will resolutely guard against systemic and regional financial risks.We will guide financial institutions to operate prudently, and we will tighten oversight over financial risks in certain sectors and regions and risks related to the off-balance sheet activities of financial institutions, and thus make the financial sector's support for economic development more sustainable.三、對今年政府工作的建議

III.Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year

結(jié)合過去十年特別是近五年工作的體會，對今年政府主要工作提出以下建議。

Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.（一）加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。我國社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得的一切成就都建立在經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)之上，經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)展，什么事情都辦不成。我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，人民日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需要同落后的社會生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾這一社會主要矛盾沒有變，我國是世界上最大發(fā)展中國家的國際地位沒有變，發(fā)展仍是解決我國所有問題的關(guān)鍵。必須堅持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，聚精會神搞建設(shè)，一心一意謀發(fā)展。只要我們牢牢把握發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，尊重發(fā)展規(guī)律，創(chuàng)新發(fā)展理念，破解發(fā)展難題，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，在發(fā)展中促轉(zhuǎn)變，在轉(zhuǎn)變中謀發(fā)展，就一定能實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。要堅定不移地把擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長期戰(zhàn)略方針，充分發(fā)揮消費(fèi)的基礎(chǔ)作用和投資的關(guān)鍵作用。擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)在消費(fèi)，潛力也在消費(fèi)。擴(kuò)大居民消費(fèi)要在提高消費(fèi)能力、穩(wěn)定消費(fèi)預(yù)期、增強(qiáng)消費(fèi)意愿、改善消費(fèi)環(huán)境上下功夫，不斷提高消費(fèi)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的拉動力。現(xiàn)階段，投資在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中的作用不可低估。我國既有投資能力，又有投資需求，關(guān)鍵在于選準(zhǔn)方向、優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)、提高投資的質(zhì)量和效益。政府投資對社會投資具有十分重要的引導(dǎo)作用，但占全社會投資的比重越來越小，必須進(jìn)一步放寬民間投資市場準(zhǔn)入，激發(fā)民間投資活力。

要大力推進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。我國生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平具有多層次性，回旋余地很大，無論傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)還是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)還是資金密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，都有發(fā)展的空間，重要的是優(yōu)化資源配置和產(chǎn)業(yè)布局，解決產(chǎn)能過剩、核心技術(shù)缺乏、產(chǎn)品附加值低的問題，解決低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)和地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨同的問題。必須加快改造提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，大力發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和市場競爭力。要加強(qiáng)政策引導(dǎo)，鼓勵企業(yè)跨行業(yè)跨區(qū)域跨所有制兼并重組，利用市場倒逼機(jī)制促進(jìn)優(yōu)勝劣汰。以擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)市場應(yīng)用、重要關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)為重點(diǎn)，推動戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。積極推動信息化和工業(yè)化融合，加快建設(shè)新一代信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，促進(jìn)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用。堅持生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)和生活性服務(wù)業(yè)并重，現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)服務(wù)業(yè)并舉，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展壯大服務(wù)業(yè)。

要順應(yīng)人民群眾對美好生活環(huán)境的期待，大力加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。生態(tài)環(huán)境關(guān)系人民福祉，關(guān)乎子孫后代和民族未來。要堅持節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的基本國策，著力推進(jìn)綠色發(fā)展、循環(huán)發(fā)展、低碳發(fā)展。大力推進(jìn)能源資源節(jié)約和循環(huán)利用，重點(diǎn)抓好工業(yè)、交通、建筑、公共機(jī)構(gòu)等領(lǐng)域節(jié)能，控制能源消費(fèi)總量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度。要加快調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和布局，抓緊完善標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、制度和法規(guī)體系，采取切實(shí)的防治污染措施，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)方式和生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，下決心解決好關(guān)系群眾切身利益的大氣、水、土壤等突出環(huán)境污染問題，改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量，維護(hù)人民健康，用實(shí)際行動和成效讓人民看到希望。要做好氣象、地質(zhì)、地震等方面工作，提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。優(yōu)化國土空間開發(fā)格局，合理控制開發(fā)強(qiáng)度，調(diào)整空間結(jié)構(gòu)。加強(qiáng)海洋綜合管理，發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高海洋資源開發(fā)能力，保護(hù)海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境，維護(hù)國家海洋權(quán)益。

要繼續(xù)深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。充分發(fā)揮各地比較優(yōu)勢，統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、分類指導(dǎo)，優(yōu)先推進(jìn)西部大開發(fā)，全面振興東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地，大力促進(jìn)中部地區(qū)崛起，積極支持東部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展，加大對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)扶持力度，深入推進(jìn)集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧攻堅。

1.Accelerating the change of the growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development All the achievements we have made in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time.This basic national condition has not changed;nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world.Development is still the key to solving all our problems.We must keep economic development as the central task and give it our undivided attention.As long as we make full use of this important period of strategic opportunities, respect the law of development, formulate new thinking on development, solve problems hindering development, accelerate the change of the growth model, spur change in the course of pursuing development, and promote development while working for change, we can certainly achieve sustained and sound economic development.We should unswervingly take expanding domestic demand as our long-term strategy for economic development, and make full use of the basic function of consumption and the key role of investment.The difficulty in and key to expanding domestic demand lie in consumption, and that is also where the potential lies.To expand individual consumption, we should enhance people's ability to consume, keep their consumption expectations stable, boost their desire to consume, improve the consumption environment and make economic growth more consumption-driven.In the current stage, the role investment plays in promoting economic growth cannot be underestimated.China has both investment capability and investment demand, but the key is to make investment in the needed sectors, optimize the structure of investment, and improve its performance and returns.Governmental investment is important in guiding nongovernmental investment, but its share of the country's total investment is decreasing, so we must further relax controls over market access for nongovernmental investment and stimulate it.We should energetically change the growth model and speed up structural adjustment of industry.China's productive forces develop on multiple levels, which gives us plenty of room to maneuver.Industries, whether traditional or emerging, labor-intensive or capital-intensive, all have room for development.The important task is to optimize resources allocation and industrial distribution, and solve the following problems: excess production capacity, the lack of core technology, products with low value-added, low-level and redundant industrial projects, and different regions having similar industrial structures.We must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, energetically develop new-and high-tech industries, and raise product quality and competitiveness.We should strengthen policy guidance;encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations across industries, regions and forms of ownership;and allow market forces to determine enterprises' success or failure.We should promote sound development of strategic emerging industries, with the focus on expanding their share in the domestic market and making breakthroughs in major and key technologies.We should promote the integration of IT application and industrialization, more quickly build next-generation information and communication infrastructure, and spread the use of information network technology.We should develop and expand the service sector, and attach equal importance to producer and consumer service industries and to modern and traditional service industries.In response to people's expectations of having a good living environment, we should greatly strengthen ecological improvement and environmental protection.The state of the ecological environment affects the level of people's wellbeing and also posterity and the future of our nation.We should adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and endeavor to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development.We should greatly boost the conservation and reuse of energy and resources, give priority to saving energy in industry, transportation and construction and in public institutions, restrict total energy consumption, and reduce energy and materials consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.We should speed up adjusting the economic structure and distribution and upgrading related standards, practices, and laws and regulations.We should adopt effective measures to prevent and control pollution and change the way we work and live.We should resolve to solve the problems of serious air, water, and soil pollution that affect the people's vital interests;improve environmental quality, and safeguard people's health, and give the people hope through our concrete action and achievements.We should do our meteorological, geological and seismic work well and become better able to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We should optimize development of the country's territory, carry out development at a proper pace and adjust its spatial layout.We should strengthen comprehensive marine management, develop the marine economy, become better able to exploit marine resources, protect the marine ecological environment, and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.We should continue to fully implement the master strategy for regional development and promote balanced development between regions.We should make full use of the comparative strengths of each region, make plans comprehensively and give guidance tailored to different circumstances.We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, spur the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas and alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.（二）強(qiáng)化農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)，推動城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化。近些年是我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展最快、農(nóng)村面貌變化最大、農(nóng)民得到實(shí)惠最多的時期。當(dāng)前，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展進(jìn)入一個新階段，呈現(xiàn)出農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)綜合成本上升、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供求結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出、農(nóng)村社會結(jié)構(gòu)深刻變動、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展加快融合的態(tài)勢，全面建成小康社會的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)仍然在農(nóng)村。必須堅持把解決好“三農(nóng)”問題作為全部工作的重中之重，這是歷史經(jīng)驗的科學(xué)總結(jié)，既管當(dāng)前，也管長遠(yuǎn)，是長期指導(dǎo)思想。農(nóng)村土地制度關(guān)乎農(nóng)村的根本穩(wěn)定，也關(guān)乎中國的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，其核心是要保障農(nóng)民的財產(chǎn)權(quán)益，底線是嚴(yán)守18億畝耕地紅線。要堅持以家庭承包經(jīng)營為基礎(chǔ)，支持發(fā)展多種形式新型農(nóng)民合作組織和多層次的農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)組織，逐步構(gòu)建集約化、專業(yè)化、組織化、社會化相結(jié)合的新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系，始終注重保護(hù)法律賦予農(nóng)民的財產(chǎn)權(quán)利，調(diào)動農(nóng)民積極性。毫不放松糧食生產(chǎn)，建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田，推廣先進(jìn)技術(shù)，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力，保障糧食和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的有效供給。要繼續(xù)加大“三農(nóng)”投入，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和基本公共服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，推動城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化，形成以工促農(nóng)、以城帶鄉(xiāng)、工農(nóng)互惠、城鄉(xiāng)一體的新型工農(nóng)、城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系。要采取有效措施，穩(wěn)定農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營隊伍，積極培育新型農(nóng)民。

城鎮(zhèn)化是我國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的歷史任務(wù)，與農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化相輔相成。要遵循城鎮(zhèn)化的客觀規(guī)律，積極穩(wěn)妥推動城鎮(zhèn)化健康發(fā)展。堅持科學(xué)規(guī)劃、合理布局、城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌、節(jié)約用地、因地制宜、提高質(zhì)量。特大城市和大城市要合理控制規(guī)模，充分發(fā)揮輻射帶動作用；中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)要增強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、公共服務(wù)、吸納就業(yè)、人口集聚功能。加快推進(jìn)戶籍制度、社會管理體制和相關(guān)制度改革，有序推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)覆蓋常住人口，為人們自由遷徙、安居樂業(yè)創(chuàng)造公平的制度環(huán)境。村莊建設(shè)要注意保持鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)貌，營造宜居環(huán)境，使城鎮(zhèn)化和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)良性互動。

2.Strengthening the foundation for agriculture and rural development and promoting integrated urban and rural development In recent years, China's agriculture has developed faster, its rural areas have undergone more significant changes, and its rural residents have received more tangible benefits than in any other period.Agriculture and rural development in China have now entered a new stage in which overall agricultural production costs are rising, structural problems in the supply and demand of agricultural products are worsening, the rural social structure is undergoing profound changes, and integration of urban and rural development is speeding up.All the major and difficult problems that we face in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects are in rural areas.We must make solving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers the number one priority in all our work.This is a scientific conclusion drawn from our historical experience and a long-term guiding principle applicable to both the present and the future.The rural land system is central to maintaining rural stability and ensuring China's long-term development.Its main purpose is to guarantee farmers' property rights and interests, and its main objective is to ensure that China's farmland remains at or above the red line of 120 million hectares.We should continue to make household contracts the basis of rural operations, support the development of new farmers' cooperatives of various forms and multilevel commercial organizations that provide agricultural services, and gradually establish a new type of system of intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized.We should always protect farmers' legitimate property rights and keep them motivated.We should always give high priority to grain production, develop high-yield basic farmland, spread advanced technologies, increase overall agricultural production capacity, and effectively ensure the supply of grain and other important agricultural products.We should continue to increase spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers;improve infrastructure and basic public services in rural areas;and promote integration of urban and rural development.We should build a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, industry and agriculture reinforce each other, and urban development and rural development are integrated.We should take effective measures to keep the agricultural workforce stable and train a new type of farmers.Urbanization is a historical task in China's modernization drive, and urbanization and agricultural modernization complement each other.We should conform to the objective law of urbanization and carry it out actively yet prudently.We should promote sound development of urbanization by making plans scientifically, balancing geographical distribution, coordinating urban and rural development, using land economically, and tailoring measures to local conditions.Megacities and large cities should be kept at an appropriate scale and fully play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.Small and medium-sized cities and small towns should become better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract residents.We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, the social management system and related institutions;register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner;progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents;and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment.In improving village conditions, we should preserve their distinctive rural flavor, make their environment more livable, and ensure that urbanization and the building of a new countryside reinforce each other.（三）以保障和改善民生為重點(diǎn)，全面提高人民物質(zhì)文化生活水平。2003年抗擊突如其來的非典疫情給我們的重要啟示之一，就是要統(tǒng)籌經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展。這些年我們在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時，更加重視保障改善民生和發(fā)展社會事業(yè)，政府工作力度之大、財政投入資金之多前所未有。經(jīng)過不懈努力，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性明顯增強(qiáng)。當(dāng)前社會結(jié)構(gòu)、社會組織形式、社會利益格局發(fā)生深刻變化，社會矛盾明顯增多。我們必須把保障和改善民生作為政府一切工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，放在更加突出的位置，著力加強(qiáng)社會建設(shè)。

千方百計擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。堅持實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略和更加積極的就業(yè)政策，通過穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)增加就業(yè)崗位，加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，提高勞動者就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)能力，加大投入和政策支持，完善就業(yè)服務(wù)體系，鼓勵創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)，做好重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)工作，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長。

完善社會保障制度。堅持全覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續(xù)方針，不斷擴(kuò)大社會保障覆蓋面，提高統(tǒng)籌層次和保障水平，加強(qiáng)各項制度的完善和銜接，增強(qiáng)公平性，適應(yīng)流動性，保證可持續(xù)性。今年企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金繼續(xù)提高10%，城鄉(xiāng)低保和優(yōu)撫對象補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也進(jìn)一步提高。要加大對社會養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系和兒童福利機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)的支持力度。深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。鞏固完善基本藥物制度和基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行新機(jī)制，加快公立醫(yī)院改革，鼓勵社會辦醫(yī)。扶持中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展。健全全民醫(yī)保體系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助機(jī)制，全面開展兒童白血病等20種重大疾病保障試點(diǎn)工作。今年新農(nóng)合和城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險財政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由25元提高到30元。逐步完善人口政策。堅持計劃生育基本國策，適應(yīng)我國人口總量和結(jié)構(gòu)變動趨勢，統(tǒng)籌解決好人口數(shù)量、素質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)和分布問題，促進(jìn)人口長期均衡發(fā)展。重視發(fā)展老齡事業(yè)，切實(shí)保障婦女和未成年人權(quán)益，關(guān)心和支持殘疾人事業(yè)。

加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會管理。改進(jìn)政府提供公共服務(wù)方式，加強(qiáng)基層社會管理和服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保證人民群眾依法直接行使民主權(quán)利，管理基層公共事務(wù)和公益事業(yè)。改革社會組織管理體制，引導(dǎo)社會組織健康有序發(fā)展。建立健全維護(hù)群眾權(quán)益機(jī)制，完善人民調(diào)解、行政調(diào)解、司法調(diào)解聯(lián)動的工作體系，健全法律援助制度，推動涉法涉訴信訪工作改革，暢通和規(guī)范群眾訴求表達(dá)、利益協(xié)調(diào)、權(quán)益保障渠道，健全重大決策社會穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險評估和突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理機(jī)制，維護(hù)社會公共安全，促進(jìn)社會和諧穩(wěn)定。食品藥品安全是人們關(guān)注的突出問題，要改革和健全食品藥品安全監(jiān)管體制，加強(qiáng)綜合協(xié)調(diào)聯(lián)動，落實(shí)企業(yè)主體責(zé)任，嚴(yán)格從生產(chǎn)源頭到消費(fèi)的全程監(jiān)管，加快形成符合國情、科學(xué)合理的食品藥品安全體系，提升食品藥品安全保障水平。強(qiáng)化公共安全體系和企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)，遏制重特大安全事故。

加強(qiáng)房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控和保障性安居工程建設(shè)。堅決抑制投機(jī)、投資性需求，抓緊完善穩(wěn)定房價工作責(zé)任制和房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控政策體系，健全房地產(chǎn)市場穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展長效機(jī)制。繼續(xù)抓好保障性安居工程建設(shè)和管理，讓老百姓住上放心房、滿意房。今年城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房基本建成470萬套、新開工630萬套，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村危房改造。

教育和科技在現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中具有基礎(chǔ)性、先導(dǎo)性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脈和人民的精神家園，必須放在更加重要的戰(zhàn)略位置。

繼續(xù)推進(jìn)教育優(yōu)先發(fā)展。目前我國財政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出總額已經(jīng)超過2萬億元，今后還要繼續(xù)增加，必須把這些錢用好，讓人民滿意。要進(jìn)一步深化教育綜合改革，切實(shí)解決社會普遍關(guān)注的重大問題。著力推動義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展，加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育，提高各級各類教育質(zhì)量，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)教育公平，為國家發(fā)展提供強(qiáng)大的人力資源支撐。深化科技體制改革。推動科技與經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密結(jié)合，著力構(gòu)建以企業(yè)為主體、市場為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系。瞄準(zhǔn)關(guān)系全局和長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略必爭領(lǐng)域，加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究、前沿先導(dǎo)技術(shù)研究。健全科技資源開放共享機(jī)制，完善支持科技發(fā)展和成果應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)化的財稅、金融、產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)和人才政策，創(chuàng)造公平開放的創(chuàng)新環(huán)境，最大限度地調(diào)動廣大科技工作者的積極性、主動性，激發(fā)全社會的創(chuàng)新活力。

扎實(shí)推進(jìn)文化建設(shè)。把文化改革發(fā)展納入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃，列入各級政府效能和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部政績考核體系，推動文化事業(yè)全面繁榮、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。政府要履行好發(fā)展公益性文化事業(yè)的責(zé)任，加快推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)文化惠民工程，完善公共文化服務(wù)體系。廣泛開展全民健身運(yùn)動，促進(jìn)群眾體育和競技體育全面發(fā)展。

大力加強(qiáng)社會公德、職業(yè)道德、家庭美德、個人品德教育。推動誠信體系建設(shè)，以政務(wù)誠信帶動商務(wù)誠信和社會誠信，形成良好的社會風(fēng)尚。

3.Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated.In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before.These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.The structure of Chinese society, its forms of organization, and the pattern of interests in society have all undergone profound changes, and social problems have increased markedly.We must make ensuring and improving people's wellbeing the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.We should do all we can to increase employment.We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy.We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs or start their own businesses.We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business startups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.We should improve the social security system.We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security.We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities.This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised.Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage nongovernmental bodies to operate hospitals.We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine.We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against 20 serious diseases.(Note: They are childhood leukemia, congenital heart disease in children, uremia, breast cancer, cervical cancer, holergasia, drug-resistant tuberculosis, opportunistic AIDS and HIV infection, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hemophilia, type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and cheilopalatognathus.)This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.We should progressively improve the government population policy.We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning.In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development.We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.We should strengthen and make innovations in social management.We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs.We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development.We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests;improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation;strengthen the system of legal assistance;and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues.We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests.We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism.The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern.We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination.We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to consumption, and move faster to establish a scientific and effective food and drug safety system that suits China's national conditions so as to better ensure food and drug safety.We should strengthen the public safety system and improve workplace safety conditions to prevent accidents, especially major and very serious ones.We should tighten regulation of the real estate market and strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing.We need to firmly rein in speculative and investment-driven housing demand, promptly improve the accountability system for stabilizing housing prices and the policies for regulating the real estate market, and strengthen mechanisms for sustaining its steady and sound development.We should continue to build and manage government-subsidized housing for the people so they have housing they are satisfied with.This year, 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units should be basically completed, construction of another 6.3 million units should begin, and renovation of dilapidated rural houses should continue.Education, science and technology play a fundamental, guiding and global role in the country's modernization drive, and culture is essential for the long-term vitality of a nation and gives the people a sense of belonging.They must therefore occupy a position of greater strategic importance.We should continue to give top priority to developing education.China's annual government expenditures on education already exceed two trillion yuan and should continue to increase.We must make good use of such funding to the satisfaction of the people.We need to deepen comprehensive education reform and effectively solve major issues of public concern.We should boost balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate development of modern vocational education and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels.This should help make education more equitable and provide strong human resources support for China's development.We should deepen reform of the management system for science and technology.We should integrate science and technology more closely with the economy, and establish a technological innovation system that is based on enterprises, guided by the market, and integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes.We should focus on priority areas of strategic importance that are vital to China's overall and long-term development, and strengthen basic research and research on frontier and leading technologies.We should improve the mechanism for openly sharing scientific and technological resources and the fiscal, taxation, banking, industrial technology and personnel policies that support scientific and technological development and industrial application of scientific and technological advances, create a fair and open environment for making innovations, keep scientists and technicians fully motivated, and unleash the creativity of the whole society.We should effectively advance development of the cultural sector.We should incorporate reform and development of the cultural sector into general plans for economic and social development, and include them in the system for evaluating the performance of governments and officials at all levels so as to promote all-around cultural prosperity and fast development of the cultural sector.The government needs to fulfill its responsibility to develop nonprofit cultural programs, accelerate key cultural projects for the people, and improve the system of public cultural services.We should extensively carry out public fitness activities and promote comprehensive development of both recreational and competitive sports.We should greatly increase education in public morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal integrity.We should promote a creditability system, use political integrity to improve business and public integrity, and foster healthy social conduct.（四）以更大的政治勇氣和智慧，深入推進(jìn)改革開放。改革開放是國家發(fā)展進(jìn)步的根本動力。只有堅持改革開放，才能把我們的事業(yè)繼續(xù)推向前進(jìn)。我國改革已進(jìn)入攻堅階段，必須進(jìn)一步解放思想，全面深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，繼續(xù)積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)政治體制改革，深化文化體制改革，加快推進(jìn)社會體制改革，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明制度建設(shè)，不斷把改革引向深入。要進(jìn)一步完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。毫不動搖地鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，形成各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護(hù)的體制環(huán)境。深化國有企業(yè)改革以及重點(diǎn)行業(yè)改革。加快財稅體制改革，理順中央和地方財力與事權(quán)的關(guān)系，完善財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度，健全公共財政體系，構(gòu)建地方稅體系，促進(jìn)形成有利于結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、社會公平的稅收制度。深化金融體制改革，健全促進(jìn)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代金融體系，提高銀行、證券、保險等行業(yè)競爭力，加快發(fā)展多層次資本市場，積極發(fā)展債券市場，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)利率、匯率市場化改革，擴(kuò)大人民幣跨境使用，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)人民幣資本項目可兌換。深化投融資體制改革，推進(jìn)價格改革，健全資源性產(chǎn)品價格形成機(jī)制和生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度。繼續(xù)積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)事業(yè)單位分類改革。收入分配制度是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中一項根本性、基礎(chǔ)性的制度，是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的重要基石。我們已經(jīng)制定了深化收入分配制度改革若干意見，要抓緊研究制定具體政策，確保制度建設(shè)到位、政策落實(shí)到位，有效解決收入分配領(lǐng)域存在的問題，縮小收入分配差距，使發(fā)展成果更多更公平地惠及全體人民。

要推進(jìn)社會主義民主法治建設(shè)。堅持人民主體地位，發(fā)展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主，保證人民依法享有廣泛權(quán)利和自由，促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展，維護(hù)社會公平正義。堅持依法治國，充分尊重憲法和法律的權(quán)威，確保決策權(quán)、執(zhí)行權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)既相互制約又相互協(xié)調(diào)，確保國家行政機(jī)關(guān)按照法定權(quán)限和程序行使權(quán)力。堅持轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，推進(jìn)政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政社分開，建設(shè)職能科學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、廉潔高效、人民滿意的服務(wù)型政府。堅持改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)、密切聯(lián)系群眾，提倡艱苦奮斗，厲行勤儉節(jié)約，反對鋪張浪費(fèi)，克服形式主義、官僚主義。堅持民主監(jiān)督、法律監(jiān)督、輿論監(jiān)督，健全權(quán)力運(yùn)行制約和監(jiān)督體系，讓人民監(jiān)督權(quán)力，讓權(quán)力在陽光下運(yùn)行。堅持反對腐敗，加強(qiáng)廉政建設(shè)，從制度上改變權(quán)力過分集中而又得不到制約的狀況，做到干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明。

國內(nèi)外形勢的深刻變化，對我國開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提出了新的更高要求。要堅持對外開放的基本國策，實(shí)行更加積極主動的開放戰(zhàn)略。堅持把穩(wěn)定出口與擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口結(jié)合起來，推動對外貿(mào)易從規(guī)模擴(kuò)張向質(zhì)量效益提高轉(zhuǎn)變、從成本和價格優(yōu)勢向綜合競爭優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)變，促進(jìn)形成以技術(shù)、品牌、質(zhì)量、服務(wù)為核心的出口競爭新優(yōu)勢；堅持把利用外資與對外投資結(jié)合起來，支持企業(yè)“走出去”，拓展經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新空間；堅持把深化沿海開放與擴(kuò)大內(nèi)陸和沿邊開放結(jié)合起來，加快形成各具特色、優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)、分工協(xié)作、均衡協(xié)調(diào)的區(qū)域開放格局；堅持把向發(fā)達(dá)國家開放與向發(fā)展中國家開放結(jié)合起來，擴(kuò)大和深化同各方利益匯合點(diǎn)。4.Deepening reform and opening up with greater political courage and vision Reform and opening up are the fundamental force that drives China's development and progress.We can continue to advance our cause only by adhering to reform and opening up.China has entered a crucial stage of reform.We must further emancipate our minds, comprehensively deepen reform of the economic structure, continue to actively yet prudently carry out reform of the political structure, deepen reform of the cultural administrative system, accelerate reform of the social system, improve the system for promoting ecological progress;and constantly deepen reforms.We need to improve the socialist market economy.We should unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy and encourage, and support and guide the development of the non-public sector, so as to foster a structural environment in which economic entities under different forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and enjoy equal legal protection.We should deepen reform of state-owned enterprises and key industries.We should quicken reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, adjust relations between the central government and local governments concerning financial resources and powers, and improve the system of transfer payments.We should improve the public finance system, institute a system of local taxation, and establish a taxation system conducive to optimizing the economic structure and enhancing social fairness.We should deepen reform of the financial system and improve the modern financial system so that it supports development of the real economy.We should raise the competitiveness of the banking, securities and insurance industries, accelerate development of a multilevel capital market, and actively develop the bond market.We should steadily carry out reforms to make interest rates and the RMB exchange rate more market-based, expand cross-border use of the RMB and gradually achieve the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts.We should deepen reform of the investment and financing systems, carry out price reform and improve the pricing mechanism for resource products and the system of compensation for ecological damage.We should continue to actively yet steadily advance function-based reform of public institutions.The income distribution system is a basic system of vital importance for economic and social development, and an important cornerstone of the socialist market economy.We have formulated guidelines on deepening reform of the income distribution system, and we now need to promptly formulate specific policies, ensure that institutions are established and policies are implemented, resolve problems in income distribution, and narrow the income gap so that the fruits of development are more equitably shared by all the people.We need to advance development of socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law.We should ensure that the people occupy the principal position, make people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder, ensure that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms prescribed by law, and promote people's well-rounded development and safeguard social fairness and justice.We should govern the country on the basis of the law, and fully respect the authority of the Constitution and laws.We should ensure that the powers of policy making, implementation and oversight both constrain each other and function in concert and that government bodies exercise their powers in accordance with statutory mandates and procedures.We should continue to transform government functions, separate government administration from the management of enterprises, state assets, public institutions and social organizations, and build a well-structured, clean, efficient and service-oriented government that has scientifically defined functions and that the people are satisfied with.We should improve the conduct of our work, maintain close ties with the people, advocate hard work and plain living, practice thrift, oppose extravagance and waste, and eliminate formalistic and bureaucratic practices.We should uphold democratic oversight, legal oversight and public opinion-based oversight and improve the system of checks and oversight over the exercise of power to ensure that the people oversee the exercise of power and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.We should unwaveringly combat corruption, strengthen political integrity, establish institutions to end the excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power and ensure that officials are honest, government is clean and political affairs are handled with integrity.Profound changes in domestic and external environments place new and higher requirements on China in developing an open economy.We should adhere to the basic state policy of opening up and implement a more proactive opening up strategy.We should both keep exports stable and expand imports.We should raise the quality and returns of foreign trade rather than just increase its volume, and raise its overall competitive advantages instead of relying only on cost and price advantages.We should make China's exports more competitive in terms of technology, brand, quality and service.We should simultaneously use foreign investment in China and make Chinese investment overseas, and support Chinese enterprises in going global, to create new space for economic development.We should simultaneously deepen opening up in coastal areas and open inland and border areas wider so as to foster a balanced and coordinated pattern of opening up in which all regions have their own distinctive features, draw on each other's strengths, have a clear division of work, and cooperate with each other.We should continue to open up to both developed and developing countries and expand and deepen common interests with all other parties.

第三篇：中英文對照A

《美國口語慣用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1.about

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道這到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 來一塊魚肉三明治怎么樣？What about me? 我怎么樣？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不會進(jìn)那幢舊房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我記得那個晚上，那又怎樣？What's this all about? 這到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你該露面的時候了。

2.above

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.湯姆認(rèn)為自己沒必要努力工作。

3.act

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把發(fā)生的事演示一下嗎？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜歡在課堂上搗蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那個愛說粗言穢語的喜劇演員應(yīng)該凈化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我們需要統(tǒng)一意見后來見你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.報紙上稱那次地震為天災(zāi)。Masa is a class act.瑪莎是位杰出的女性。

4.action

1)

2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我們打算控告我們的債務(wù)人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比賽中你看到有什么有趣的精彩場面嗎？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地區(qū)要采取行動反對那項垃圾處理場的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

5.advantage

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我們的對手在身高上比我們占有優(yōu)勢。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.沒有人喜歡被捉弄（或：被欺騙、利用）

6.after

1)

2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起來事情終會解決的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.這軟飲料有種讓人難受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不覺

得這已是“事后諸葛亮”了嗎？

7.again

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不會感到

厭倦）

8.age

1)

2)Would you please act your age!請你做事要有一個與自己年齡相稱的樣子。This is a “coming of age” movie.這是一部成人影片。

9.air

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸點(diǎn)新鮮空氣。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.雖然我不知道到底是出了什么差錯，但我能隱隱約約感覺到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.當(dāng)邁克喜歡的節(jié)目被取消時，他感到很傷心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我們的房子出勤率售一事還沒有最后定下來。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.獲得冠軍后，我飄飄欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是來個沒有頭腦的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克遜的新歌到處都在不斷地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飛機(jī)時暈機(jī)了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我們之間的關(guān)系不要很別扭。

10.all

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起來最后我們還是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我們已幾乎完成了那個項目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.總的來說，我認(rèn)為這一天過得很充實(shí)。Let's go all-out and win this game!讓我們盡全力來打贏這場比賽。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.當(dāng)我們看見那座建筑突然起火時，我們知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我們大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果這對你都是一回事的話，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他們以極快的速度逃脫警察的追趕。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的進(jìn)來。Let's settle this matter once and for all.讓我們來把這個問題一次性地徹底解決掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.馬克是一個全能運(yùn)動員。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入選全明星隊的比賽了嗎？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的學(xué)校

100米跑的歷史最高記錄。

11.alley

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽車不是我拿手的活兒。

12.alone

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一個人呆會兒。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些閑事嗎？

13.along

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你從一開始就知道所發(fā)生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相處得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生來到這兒尋求他的“美國夢”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外國人在美國居住時被美國化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.沒有選擇職業(yè)的自由是完全違背美國精神傳統(tǒng)的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比爾是全美（橄欖球）明星賽的四分衛(wèi)隊員。I just can't go on the American way.我無法適應(yīng)美國方式。

15.animal

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水運(yùn)動真正激發(fā)出了湯姆的活力與激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那個年輕演員在熒幕

上充分顯示出他的性魅力。

16.answer

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我給埃米打了電話，但是沒人接。

17.apple

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去過紐約嗎？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你問我有沒有感覺出你們兩人之間的不和，是嗎？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.麗塔喜歡把一切都弄得井井有條。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一個馬屁精。

18.arm

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不著你強(qiáng)迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一個沒救了的紙上談兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯帶有武器，十分危險。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公園里到處都是

手挽手散步的戀人。

19.around

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.約翰遜教練已有三十年的經(jīng)驗了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在這里晝夜值班。

20.as

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起來在人來過這里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我準(zhǔn)備回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.馬蒂表現(xiàn)得像什么也沒發(fā)生過一樣。I want this room left as is.我希望這間房子保持原樣。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.變動從明天開始實(shí)施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜尋綁架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我們每個月的煤氣費(fèi)平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我們平均每周吃一次雞肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特視自己為一名普通的美國人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美國平常日

子里，有100,000個孩子帶手槍去上學(xué)。

22.away

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你認(rèn)為你可以免受處罰？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他們能費(fèi)除掉這些復(fù)雜的稅務(wù)表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我們正在為慶祝我們的紀(jì)念日而安排一次周末的外出活動。Tom wants to run away from home.湯姆想從家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凱茜計劃在假期里偷偷跑出

去。

第四篇：中英文對照

AEROFLEX “亞羅弗”保溫 ALCO “艾科”自控 Alerton 雅利頓空調(diào) Alfa laval阿法拉伐換熱器 ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壯”保溫 AUX 奧克斯

BELIMO 瑞士“搏力謀”閥門 BERONOR西班牙“北諾爾”電加熱器 BILTUR 意大利“百得”燃燒器 BOSIC “柏誠”自控 BROAD 遠(yuǎn)大

Burnham美國“博恩漢”鍋爐 CALPEDA意大利“科沛達(dá)”水泵 CARLY 法國“嘉利”制冷配件 Carrier 開利 Chigo 志高

Cipriani 意大利斯普萊力

CLIMAVENETA意大利“克萊門特” Copeland“谷輪”壓縮機(jī) CYRUS意大利”賽諾思”自控 DAIKIN 大金空調(diào)

丹佛斯自控 Dorin “多菱”壓縮機(jī)

DUNHAM-BUSH 頓漢布什空調(diào)制冷 DuPont美國“杜邦”制冷劑 Dwyer 美國德威爾 EBM “依必安”風(fēng)機(jī)

ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控 Enfinilan 英國“英菲尼蘭“閥門 EVAPCO美國“益美高”冷卻設(shè)備 EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日

FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”壓縮機(jī) FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空氣幕 FUJI “富士”變頻器

FULTON 美國“富爾頓”鍋爐 GENUIN “正野”風(fēng)機(jī) GREE 格力

GREENCOOL格林柯爾 GRUNDFOS “格蘭富”水泵 Haier 海爾 Hisense 海信 HITACHI 日立

霍尼韋爾自控 Johnson 江森自控 Kelon 科龍

KRUGER瑞士“科祿格”風(fēng)機(jī) KU BA德國“庫寶”冷風(fēng)機(jī) Liang Chi 良機(jī)冷卻塔 LIEBERT 力博特空調(diào) MARLEY “馬利”冷卻塔 Maneurop法國“美優(yōu)樂”壓縮機(jī) McQuary 麥克維爾 Midea 美的 MITSUBISHI三菱

Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除濕機(jī) Panasonic 松下 RANCO “宏高”自控

REFCOMP意大利“萊富康”壓縮機(jī) RIDGID 美國“里奇”工具 RUUD美國“路德”空調(diào) RYODEN “菱電”冷卻塔 SanKen “三墾”變頻器 Samsung 三星 SANYO 三洋

ASWELL英國森威爾自控 Schneider 施耐德電氣 SenseAir 瑞典“森爾”傳感器 SIEMENS 西門子

SINKO ",28商機(jī)網(wǎng);新晃“空調(diào) SINRO “新菱”冷卻塔 STAND “思探得”加濕器 SWEP 舒瑞普換熱器 TECKA “臺佳”空調(diào) Tecumseh“泰康”壓縮機(jī) TRANE 特靈

TROX德國“妥思”風(fēng)閥 VASALA芬蘭“維薩拉”傳感器 WILO德國“威樂”水泵 WITTLER 德國”威特”閥門 YORK 約克

ZENNER德國“真蘭”計量

第五篇：中英文對照

醫(yī)院中英文對照

發(fā)熱門診Have Fever主治醫(yī)師Doctor-in-charge 供應(yīng)室Supply Room謝絕入內(nèi)No entering 紅燈亮?xí)r謝絕入內(nèi)No entering when red light

彩超、心電圖Colorful Cardiogram/ECG住院樓Inpatient Building 透析血磁EndoscopeDept.護(hù)士Nueser康復(fù)理療科RehabilitationPhysiotherapyDept.中藥計價China medical price account肛腸科Ano-proctology

皮膚、肛腸、男性科、泌尿科候診Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Clinic 皮膚科、肛腸科、男性科、泌尿科Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Dept 中醫(yī)科Traditional Chinese Medicine五官科ENT Dept.男性科、泌尿科 Male urology Dept.安全出口Exit

預(yù)防保健科Medical center for health preventionand care

后勤科、藥庫Logistic Room、Seore入院登記In-patient Admisson 高壓氧治療Hyperbaric Oxygehation Therapy碎石中心ESWL Center 急救中心Emergency Center掛號收費(fèi)Registration

中心藥房Cenreral Pharmacy內(nèi)科門診Internal Medicine Clinic會議室Meeting Room手外科Hand Surgery 產(chǎn)科Obstentrics Dept.骨外科Orthopedics Dept.神經(jīng)、燒傷外科Neurosurgery.Plaseric surgey Dept.麻醉科Anaesthesiology手術(shù)室Operation Room 泌尿、腫瘤外科Urologic.Gumorsurgery Dept.婦科Gynecology Dept.內(nèi)二科Internal Medicine.Ward 2產(chǎn)房及愛嬰中心Delivery Room內(nèi)一科Internal Medicine.Ward 1洗手間Toilet

普外、胸外科Surgey、Thoracic Surgey Dept.皮膚科Dermatology Dept.中醫(yī)骨傷科Traditional Mediaine or Thopaedics餐廳Dining Room 配餐室Pantry Room后勤科Logistics Dept.電工室Electrician Room接待室Dermatology Room 內(nèi)、兒科候診 Internal medicine.Pediatrics功能檢查候診Function Exam 中醫(yī)科候診TCM Clinic放射科候診Radiology Clinic 婦科門診Gynecology Dept.產(chǎn)科候診Obstentrics Clinic 肛腸科候診Ano-proctology婦科候診Gynecology Clinic 產(chǎn)科門診Obstentrics Dept.五官科候診ENT.Clinic 外科候診Surgery Clinic輸液中心Transfusion Center 皮膚、泌尿科候診 Dermatology.Male Urology Clinic檢驗候診Clinical Laborotories 家屬休息Relation Rest Room口腔科門診Stomatology Clinic 內(nèi)兒科Internal Medicine.Pediaarics鏡檢科Endoscope Dept.外科Surgrey Dept.檢驗中心Laboratory Center 功能檢查Function Exam Dept.登記處Registration 預(yù)防保健門診Hygine ＆ Public Health Dept.收費(fèi)處Cashier 美容科、鏡檢科門診 Cosmetology Dept.Endoscope Clinic

收費(fèi)健康發(fā)證Gharge lssue Bill of Health試敏觀察室Scratch Espial Room