第一篇:形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則
形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則 形容詞級(jí)的變化規(guī)律和級(jí)的用法:
一、形容詞級(jí)的變化:
1、規(guī)律變化:
單音詞的變化:(四條)
①一般情況: +er(比較級(jí))+est(最高級(jí))eg :quiet--quieter--the quietest
bright--brighter---the brightest 明亮/聰明的dear--dearest--the dearest clever--cleverer--the cleverest
②詞末為--e(不發(fā)音)+ r--+st eg:fine--finer--the finest nice--nicer--the nicest cute--cuter--the cutest close--closer--the closest white--whiter--the whitest large--larger--the largest free--freer--freest(特殊)
③重讀閉音節(jié),末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的:
雙寫輔音字母+er--雙寫輔音字母+est eg:hot--hotter--the hottest big--bigger--the biggest red--redder--the reddest wet--wetter--the wettest sad--sadder--the saddest fat--fatter--the fattest
thin--thinner--the thinnest fit--fitter--fittest
④少數(shù)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié) 原根詞:
變y為i+er 變y為i+est 形容詞和副詞用法比較
形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在語法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成形式基本上一樣,它們的形式與單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)有關(guān),當(dāng)然還有其特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的基本用法分為同級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種形式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表達(dá)方式以及它們的慣用法。對(duì)以下要點(diǎn)大家須一一掌握。
第一節(jié) 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式
一、形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化形式規(guī)則如下
構(gòu) 成 法 原 級(jí) 比 較 級(jí) 最 高 級(jí)
① 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加er 和 est strong stronger strongest
② 單音節(jié)詞如果以e結(jié)尾,只加r 和st strange stranger strangest ③ 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母,須先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加er和est sad big
hot sadder bigger
hotter saddest biggest hottest
④ 少數(shù)以y,er(或ure),ow,ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,末尾加er和est(以y結(jié)尾的詞,如y前是輔音字母,把y變成i,再加er和est,以e結(jié)尾的詞仍
只加r和st)angry clever narrow
noble angrier cleverer narrower
nobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblest
⑤ 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most different more different most different
1)The most high 〔A〕 mountain in 〔B〕 the world is Mount Everest,which is situated 〔C〕 in Nepal and is
twentynine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high 〔D〕.2)This house is spaciouser 〔A〕 than that 〔B〕 white 〔C〕 one I bought in Rapid City,South Dakota 〔D〕 last year.3)Research in the social 〔A〕 sciences often proves difficulter 〔B〕 than similar 〔C〕 work in the physical 〔D〕 sciences.二、形容詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)的特殊形式:
1.三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加more和most
只能說 more beautiful而不能說beautifuller;只能說the most beautiful而不能說beautifullest。
但是,以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如unhappy,untidy,我們可以說:unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2.由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如know→known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
more(most)striking, more(most)interesting, more(most)wounded, more(most)worn等。
4)The drawings 〔A〕 of the old masters 〔B〕 are among the treasuredest 〔C〕 works in museums 〔D〕.3.英語里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級(jí)形式
absolute fatal main right universal chief final naked simulta-utter entire foremost perfect neous vital
eternalinevitablepossiblesufficientwhole
excellent infinite primary supreme wooden
三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式
good
well betterbest bad
illworseworst many
much moremost little
few lessleast
far fartherfarthest
furtherfurthest 5)African elephants are larger,fiercer,and difficulter 〔A〕 to tame 〔B〕 than 〔C〕 Asian elephants 〔D〕.6)Sarah Hale became 〔A〕 one of the famousest 〔B〕 magazine 〔C〕 editors in the United States during 〔D〕 the 1800's.7)Of all 〔A〕 the Native American tribes 〔B〕,the Shawnee Indians were 〔C〕 a most 〔D〕 transient.四、例題解析
1)A錯(cuò)。應(yīng)將“most high”改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成形式。2)A錯(cuò)。改為more spacious。3)B錯(cuò)。改為more difficult。
4)C錯(cuò)。treasured 在本句中是ED分詞(動(dòng)詞treasure +ed)作形容詞使用,是“寶貴的、珍貴的”意思,修飾名詞 works(作品),其最高級(jí)形式應(yīng)用 the most treasured。5)A錯(cuò),改為more difficult。
6)B錯(cuò)。改為“the most famous”,因?yàn)閒amous(著名的)是雙音節(jié),其最高級(jí)變化應(yīng)在前面加“the most”。
7)D錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為“the most”,因?yàn)榇颂幈硎镜氖亲罡呒?jí),“the most transient”意為“(延續(xù)時(shí)間)最短暫的”。
第二節(jié) 副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式
副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣 一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest 特殊 副詞
well →better →best much →more →most badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是,開放類副詞即以后綴ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加er或est,如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly 〔注〕: early中的ly不是后綴,故可以把y變i再加er和est
第三節(jié) 形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法
一、原級(jí)比較的基本用法
1.原級(jí)比較由“as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)+as ”構(gòu)成“原級(jí)相同”比較句,表示兩者比較;其否定式,即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as)+形容詞或副詞+as”,而且as...as結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
1)Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as.〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes 〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes 〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes 〔D〕 fifteenminute walking 2)The gorilla(大猩猩),while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩),shows more persistence 〔C〕 and memory retention(記憶力)in solving 〔D〕 a problem.3)Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state,Texas.2.“as(so)+名詞+as+名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較,這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級(jí)的比較詞,但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語,應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as 4)Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.〔A〕 such 〔B〕 more 〔C〕 as 〔D〕 than
5)I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.(88年考題)〔A〕 that 〔B〕 so 〔C〕 this 〔D〕 as
二、比較級(jí)
1.比較級(jí)由“形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+than+...,”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加...”。連詞than后可接句子,也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、ING結(jié)構(gòu)和ED結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)也可省去than。
6)Natural mica(云母)of 〔A〕 a superior 〔B〕 quality is cheapest 〔C〕 to obtain than synthetic 〔D〕 mica.7)She is older than.〔A〕 any other girl in the group 〔B〕 any girl in the group 〔C〕 all girls in the group
〔D〕 you and me as well as the group
8)Josephine McCrackin joined 〔A〕 the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and,until her death fifteen years late 〔B〕,remained 〔C〕 active in journalistic 〔D〕 work.2.注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致
9)The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than.〔A〕 ours 〔B〕 with us
〔C〕 for ours it had 〔D〕 it did for us 10)Sound travels air.〔A〕 faster through water than through 〔B〕 faster than through water and 〔C〕 through water faster and〔D〕 where it is faster through water than through
11)Gerbrand von den Feckhout,one of Rembrand's pupils,followed 〔A〕 the style of his teacher so implicitly that 〔B〕 his paintings 〔C〕 are sometimes confused with his master 〔D〕.三、最高級(jí)
1.最高級(jí)用于三者以上比較,形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)12)The more 〔A〕 fearsome of all the 〔B〕 animals in 〔C〕 the Western 〔D〕 Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.13)Of all economic 〔A〕 problems,inflation continues to be 〔B〕 a 〔C〕 most significant in its daily impact on 〔D〕 people and business.14),the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.〔A〕 All the activities 〔B〕 The activities
〔C〕 Of all the activities 〔D〕 It is the activities
2.副詞的最高級(jí)與形容詞最高級(jí)的區(qū)別在于最高級(jí)前沒有定冠詞the
四、例題解析
1)B為正確答案。
2)B錯(cuò)。改為 as,和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較。
3)B錯(cuò)。改為as large。
4)C對(duì)。動(dòng)詞rival(勝過、匹敵)前后是兩個(gè)相比較的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(貢獻(xiàn)),由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語 as an architect,故空白處也應(yīng)用as,使前后對(duì)比成分一致。
5)B為正確答案。
6)C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)cheaper。比較級(jí)后并不一定跟接連詞than,有時(shí)在其間有名詞或名詞短語(被形容詞所修飾),介詞短語,不定式或其他成分隔開。
7)A為正確答案。“She”作為單個(gè)不能跟全組比(C和D不對(duì)),也不能跟全組所有相比,因?yàn)椤八币彩瞧渲幸粏T,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這里“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個(gè)”,所以A對(duì)。
8)B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)later,因此處實(shí)為與1905年相比晚15年,故應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)。
9)D為正確答案。
10)A為正確答案。
11)D錯(cuò)。改為his master's。
12)A錯(cuò)。改為most。
13)C錯(cuò)。改為the,significant是多音節(jié)形容詞,在此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式(在前面加 the most),注意句中的“of all...”。
14)C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語,A和B全為名詞短語,不符合條件;D為句子,和空白后面的句子沒有任何聯(lián)系,故亦應(yīng)排除。只有C正確,和后面的最高級(jí)the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。
第四節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的特殊表達(dá)法
一、形容詞與副詞的同級(jí)比較: 由“as(so)...as”引出,其否定式為“not so...”或“not as...as”,考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有“as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子
1.as such:表示上文所指明的事或人
He is a child,and must be treated as such.他是個(gè)孩子,必須被當(dāng)作孩子對(duì)待。
2.as much:表示“與...同量”
Take as much as you like.拿多少都行。
I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.就是價(jià)格再貴一倍,我也會(huì)愿意把它買下的。
He as much as admitted the whole story.他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。
3.as many:表示“與...一樣多”
I found six mistakes in as many lines.我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個(gè)錯(cuò)。
二、表示“幾倍于”的比較級(jí):用twice(兩倍),four times(四倍),ten times(十倍)加上as...as 結(jié)構(gòu)
This one is four times as big as that one.這個(gè)是那個(gè)的四倍大。(這個(gè)比那個(gè)大三倍。)/ Our campus is three times as large as yours.我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。/ He has books twice as many as she does.他的書比她多一倍。
1)The fiveyear deal obligates 〔A〕 the country to buy nine million tons 〔B〕 of grain a year 〔C〕,three million more as 〔D〕 the old pact's minimum.三、“the same +名詞+as”表示同等比較
2)The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.〔A〕 in the same function 〔B〕 the same function as
〔C〕 the function is the same as 〔D〕 and has the same function
3)The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would
have as the amount of money borrowed.〔A〕 as the same value 〔B〕 the same value
〔C〕 value as the same 〔D〕 the value is the same
四、比較級(jí)前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語表示不定量,far, completely,still表示程度或更進(jìn)一步
4)There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.〔A〕 more sophisticated than 〔B〕 much more sophisticated 〔C〕 much sophisticated 〔D〕 sophisticated
5)The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.〔A〕 clearest 〔B〕 the clearest 〔C〕 much clearer 〔D〕 more clearer
6)Common porpoises(海豚)are usually not considered 〔A〕 migratory,although 〔B〕 some do move 〔C〕 to more warmer 〔D〕 waters in winter.兼有兩種形式的副詞
1)close與closely
close意思是“近”; closely 意思是“仔細(xì)地” He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 與lately
late意思是“晚”; lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?
3)deep與deeply
deep意思是“深”,表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度,“深深地” He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high與highly
high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5)wide與widely
wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是“廣泛地”,“在許多地方” He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free與freely
free的意思是“免費(fèi)”;freely 的意思是“無限制地” You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.形容詞使用順序巧記憶
當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,形容詞該如何排列? 為什么不能說a black new pen,而要說成a new black pen? 這里面有無規(guī)則可循?
如果你記住Opshacom這個(gè)為幫助記憶而杜撰的詞,就能掌握英語中形容詞排列的順序。
Opshacom中op代表opinion,指表示人們觀點(diǎn)的形容詞,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等;
sh代表shape,指表示形狀的形容詞,如long,short,round, narrow等;
a代表age,指表示年齡、時(shí)代的形容詞,如old,new,young等;
c代表colour,指表示顏色的形容詞,如red,black, orange等;
o代表origin,指表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)的形容詞,如British,Canadian,German等;
m代表material,指表示材料的形容詞,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。
英語中這六類形容詞連用時(shí)就按上述先后順序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen當(dāng)然,實(shí)際語言使用中不可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連用的情況。
第二篇:形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則
形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則
一、比較級(jí)的定義:大多數(shù)的形容詞都有三個(gè)級(jí)別:原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。其中比較級(jí)表示“更……”,用于兩者之間的比較,用來說明“前者比后者更……”,比較級(jí)前面一般用much, even, a little修飾,其中even, much 只能修飾比較級(jí)。
二、比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成:(1)規(guī)則變化:
①單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞一般在詞尾加-er
Eg: calm---calmer
tall---taller
smart---smarter ②以字母e結(jié)尾的直接在詞尾加-r
Eg: nice---nicer
fine---finer
large---larger ③以“輔音+y 結(jié)尾的詞,變y為 i,再加-er”
Eg: early---earlier
happy---happier
busy---busier ④以重讀閉音節(jié)的單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫輔音字母,再加-er
Eg: big---bigger
thin---thinner
hot---hotter ⑤多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞在原級(jí)前面加more
Eg: popular---more popular
important---more important(2)不規(guī)則變化:
少數(shù)形容詞的比較級(jí)變化是不規(guī)則的:good---better
bad/ill---worse
many/much---more little---less
far---farther/further
old---older/elder
三、比較級(jí)的用法:
(一)當(dāng)兩個(gè)人或事物(A和B)進(jìn)行比較時(shí),我們需要用到形容詞(副詞)的原級(jí)或者比較級(jí)
1. 表達(dá)“A和B一樣”,用as…as的結(jié)構(gòu)。公式: A+be動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as…+B
A+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+as+副詞原級(jí)+as…+B Eg
I am as tall as you.我和你一樣高。
He runs as fast as I.他跑得和我一樣快。2.表達(dá)“A不如B”用not as…as的結(jié)構(gòu)。
公式: A+be動(dòng)詞的否定形式+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as…+B
A+助詞的否定形式+動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as…+B Eg I am not as tall as you.我沒有你高。
He doesn’t run as fast as I.他沒有我跑得快。2. 表達(dá)“A大于B”用“比較級(jí)+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)。公式: A+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B…
A+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+副詞比較級(jí)+than+B… Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。
He runs faster than I.他跑得比我快。(二)關(guān)于形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的更多用法
1.比較級(jí)前面可以加上表示“優(yōu)劣程度”的詞或短語,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。常見詞有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。Eg
He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。
想一想,這些詞能修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)嗎?
2.比較級(jí)前面可以加上表示具體數(shù)量差別的結(jié)構(gòu),表示具體“大多少”,“小多少”,“長(zhǎng)多少”,“短多少”等。
Eg
I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.3.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。
It is getting warmer and warmer.天氣越來越暖和。He is running faster and faster.他跑得越來越快。
0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們祖國(guó)越來越美了。
4.“the more…,the more…”表示“越……,就越……”,The more,the better.多多益善。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越細(xì)心,犯錯(cuò)就越少。
5.“the more…of the two…”表示“兩個(gè)當(dāng)中較。。的一個(gè)”
The taller of the two boys is my brother.四、當(dāng)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),我們需要用到形容詞(副詞)的最高級(jí)
1.表達(dá)“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容詞(副詞)的最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面可以加上表示范圍的介詞短語或從句。
公式:主語+be動(dòng)詞+the +形容詞最高級(jí)+(名詞)+表示范圍的介詞短語或從句
主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+(the)+形容詞最高級(jí)+表示范圍的介詞短語或從句 Eg
He is the tallest(student)in our class.He jumps the highest of the three boys.This is the best book that I have ever read.2.表示“最…的…中一個(gè)”,用“one of +the +最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。
Eg
He is one of the best students in our class.他是我們班最好的學(xué)生之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之。
注意:(一)形容詞的最高級(jí)前面有定冠詞the , 而副詞的最高級(jí)前面定冠詞the可以省略。但在形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞時(shí),不能要定冠詞the.(二)常見的用來表示范圍的介詞有in, of, among
五、運(yùn)用形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問題:
(一)、按語法規(guī)則,than后面的人稱代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用主格,但口語當(dāng)中有時(shí)會(huì)用賓格代替主格。
兩個(gè)人進(jìn)行比較,用比較級(jí)。兩個(gè)人以上進(jìn)行比較,用最高級(jí)。
副詞和形容詞都有比較級(jí)、最高級(jí),分別在該詞之后加er、est,但需要注意以下幾點(diǎn): e結(jié)尾,則只需要加r、st,如large的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別是larger,largest。重讀音節(jié)中有一元音緊接一輔音結(jié)尾,則在變比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前要雙寫最后的輔音,如:big-bigger-biggest。該詞以y結(jié)尾,y之前是輔音,則先把y改為i再加er、est,如busy-busier-busiest通常比較級(jí)用于二者之間的比較,該詞后用上than,如Tom is taller than me.三個(gè)音節(jié)或以上的副詞形容詞的比較級(jí)最高級(jí)則要在詞前加more、the most,如beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful This box is bigger than that one.也可以通過兩個(gè)句子陳述作比較但無須用than,如I'm tall, but Tom is taller.而用上最高級(jí)的句子無論講述人或物件數(shù)量均在三個(gè)或以上,如I'm tall.Tom is taller.Jim is the tallest.That book is the most expensive in our bookshop.Eg
He is more careful than I(me).(二)、只有同類的事物才能比較
e.g
Her bag is bigger than mine.不能說 Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.不能說The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang
第三篇:形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則1
形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則
形容詞級(jí)的變化規(guī)律和級(jí)的用法:
一、形容詞級(jí)的變化:
1、規(guī)律變化:
單音詞的變化:(四條)
①一般情況: +er(比較級(jí))+est(最高級(jí))eg :quiet--quieter--the quietest
bright--brighter---the brightest 明亮/聰明的dear--dearest--the dearest clever--cleverer--the cleverest ②詞末為--e(不發(fā)音)+ r--+st eg:fine--finer--the finest nice--nicer--the nicest cute--cuter--the cutest close--closer--the closest white--whiter--the whitest large--larger--the largest free--freer--freest(特殊)
③重讀閉音節(jié),末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的:
雙寫輔音字母+er--雙寫輔音字母+est eg:hot--hotter--the hottest big--bigger--the biggest red--redder--the reddest wet--wetter--the wettest sad--sadder--the saddest fat--fatter--the fattest
thin--thinner--the thinnest fit--fitter--fittest
④少數(shù)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié) 原根詞:
變y為i+er 變y為i+est
形容詞和副詞用法比較
形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在語法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成形式基本上一樣,它們的形式與單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)和多
音節(jié)有關(guān),當(dāng)然還有其特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的基本用法分為同級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種形式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表達(dá)方式以及它們的慣用法。對(duì)以下要點(diǎn)大家須一一掌握。
第一節(jié) 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式
一、形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成
形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化形式規(guī)則如下
構(gòu) 成 法 原 級(jí) 比 較 級(jí) 最 高 級(jí)
① 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加er 和 est strong stronger strongest
② 單音節(jié)詞如果以e結(jié)尾,只加r 和st strange stranger strangest
③ 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母,須先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加er和est sad big
hot sadder bigger
hotter saddest biggest hottest
④ 少數(shù)以y,er(或ure),ow,ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,末尾加er和est(以y結(jié)尾的詞,如y前是輔音字母,把y變成i,再加er和est,以e結(jié)尾的詞仍
只加r和st)angry clever narrow
noble angrier cleverer narrower
nobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblest
⑤ 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most different more
different most different
1)The most high 〔A〕 mountain in 〔B〕 the world is Mount Everest,which is situated 〔C〕 in Nepal and is
twentynine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high 〔D〕.2)This house is spaciouser 〔A〕 than that 〔B〕 white 〔C〕 one I bought in Rapid City,South Dakota 〔D〕 last year.3)Research in the social 〔A〕 sciences often proves difficulter 〔B〕 than similar 〔C〕 work in the physical 〔D〕 sciences.二、形容詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)的特殊形式:
1.三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加more和most
只能說 more beautiful而不能說beautifuller;只能說the most beautiful而不能說beautifullest。
但是,以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如unhappy,untidy,我們可以說:unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2.由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如know→known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
more(most)striking, more(most)interesting, more(most)wounded, more(most)worn等。
4)The drawings 〔A〕 of the old masters 〔B〕 are among the treasuredest 〔C〕 works in museums 〔D〕.3.英語里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級(jí)形式
absolute fatal main right universal chief final naked simulta-utter entire foremost perfect neous vital
eternalinevitablepossiblesufficientwhole excellent infinite primary supreme wooden
三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式
good
well betterbest bad
illworseworst
many
much moremost little
few lessleast far fartherfarthest furtherfurthest
5)African elephants are larger,fiercer,and difficulter 〔A〕 to tame 〔B〕 than 〔C〕 Asian elephants 〔D〕.6)Sarah Hale became 〔A〕 one of the famousest 〔B〕
magazine 〔C〕 editors in the United States during 〔D〕 the 1800’s.7)Of all 〔A〕 the Native American tribes 〔B〕,the Shawnee Indians were 〔C〕 a most 〔D〕 transient.四、例題解析
1)A錯(cuò)。應(yīng)將“most high”改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成形式。
2)A錯(cuò)。改為more spacious。
3)B錯(cuò)。改為more difficult。
4)C錯(cuò)。treasured 在本句中是ED分詞(動(dòng)詞treasure +ed)作形容詞使用,是“寶貴的、珍貴的”意思,修飾名詞 works(作品),其最高級(jí)形式應(yīng)用 the most treasured。
5)A錯(cuò),改為more difficult。
6)B錯(cuò)。改為“the most famous”,因?yàn)閒amous(著名的)是雙音節(jié),其最高級(jí)變化應(yīng)在前面加“the most”。
7)D錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為“the most”,因?yàn)榇颂幈硎镜氖亲罡呒?jí),“the most transient”意為“(延續(xù)時(shí)間)最短暫的”。
第二節(jié) 副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式
副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best much →more →most badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是,開放類副詞即以后綴ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加er或est,如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly 〔注〕: early中的ly不是后綴,故可以把y變i再加er和est
第三節(jié) 形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法
一、原級(jí)比較的基本用法
1.原級(jí)比較由“as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)+as ”構(gòu)成“原級(jí)相同”比較句,表示兩者比較;其否定式,即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as)+形容詞或副詞+as”,而且as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
1)Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as.〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes 〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes 〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes 〔D〕 fifteenminute walking 2)The gorilla(大猩猩),while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩),shows more persistence 〔C〕 and memory retention(記憶力)in solving 〔D〕 a problem.3)Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state,Texas.2.“as(so)+名詞+as+名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較,這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級(jí)的比較詞,但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語,應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as
4)Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.〔A〕 such 〔B〕 more 〔C〕 as 〔D〕 than
5)I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.(88
年考題)〔A〕 that 〔B〕 so 〔C〕 this 〔D〕 as
二、比較級(jí)
1.比較級(jí)由“形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+than+…,”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”。連詞than后可接句子,也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、ING結(jié)構(gòu)和ED結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)也可省去than。
6)Natural mica(云母)of 〔A〕 a superior 〔B〕 quality is cheapest 〔C〕 to obtain than synthetic 〔D〕 mica.7)She is older than.〔A〕 any other girl in the group 〔B〕 any girl in the group 〔C〕 all girls in the group
〔D〕 you and me as well as the group
8)Josephine McCrackin joined 〔A〕 the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and,until her death fifteen years late 〔B〕,remained 〔C〕 active in journalistic 〔D〕 work.2.注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致
9)The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than.〔A〕 ours 〔B〕 with us
〔C〕 for ours it had 〔D〕 it did for us 10)Sound travels air.〔A〕 faster through water than through 〔B〕 faster than through water and
〔C〕 through water faster and〔D〕 where it is faster through water than through
11)Gerbrand von den Feckhout,one of Rembrand’s pupils,followed 〔A〕 the style of his teacher so implicitly that 〔B〕 his paintings 〔C〕 are sometimes confused with his master 〔D〕.三、最高級(jí)
1.最高級(jí)用于三者以上比較,形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞+形容詞最
高級(jí)+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
12)The more 〔A〕 fearsome of all the 〔B〕 animals in 〔C〕 the Western 〔D〕 Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.13)Of all economic 〔A〕 problems,inflation continues to be 〔B〕 a 〔C〕 most significant in its daily impact on 〔D〕 people and business.14),the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.〔A〕 All the activities 〔B〕 The activities
〔C〕 Of all the activities 〔D〕 It is the activities
2.副詞的最高級(jí)與形容詞最高級(jí)的區(qū)別在于最高級(jí)前沒有定冠詞the
四、例題解析
1)B為正確答案。
2)B錯(cuò)。改為 as,和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較。
3)B錯(cuò)。改為as large。
4)C對(duì)。動(dòng)詞rival(勝過、匹敵)前后是兩個(gè)相比較的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(貢獻(xiàn)),由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語 as an architect,故空白處也應(yīng)用as,使前后對(duì)比成分一致。
5)B為正確答案。
6)C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)cheaper。比較級(jí)后并不一定跟接連詞than,有時(shí)在其間有名詞或名詞短語(被形容詞所修飾),介詞短語,不定式或其他成分隔開。
7)A為正確答案。“She”作為單個(gè)不能跟全組比(C和D不對(duì)),也不能跟全組所有相比,因?yàn)椤八币彩瞧渲幸粏T,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這里“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個(gè)”,所以A對(duì)。
8)B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)later,因此處實(shí)為與1905年相比晚15年,故應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)。
9)D為正確答案。
10)A為正確答案。
11)D錯(cuò)。改為his master’s。
12)A錯(cuò)。改為most。
13)C錯(cuò)。改為the,significant是多音節(jié)形容詞,在此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式(在前面加 the most),注意句中的“of all… ”。
14)C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語,A和B全為名詞短語,不符合
條件;D為句子,和空白后面的句子沒有任何聯(lián)系,故亦應(yīng)排除。只有C正確,和后面的最高級(jí)the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。
第四節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的特殊表達(dá)法
一、形容詞與副詞的同級(jí)比較: 由“as(so)…as”引出,其否定式為“not so…”或“not as…as”,考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有“as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子
1.as such:表示上文所指明的事或人
He is a child,and must be treated as such.他是個(gè)孩子,必須被當(dāng)作孩子對(duì)待。
2.as much:表示“與…同量”
Take as much as you like.拿多少都行。
I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.就是價(jià)格再貴一倍,我也會(huì)愿意把它買下的。
He as much as admitted the whole story.他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。
3.as many:表示“與…一樣多”
I found six mistakes in as many lines.我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個(gè)錯(cuò)。
二、表示“幾倍于”的比較級(jí):用twice(兩倍),four times(四倍),ten times(十倍)加上as … as 結(jié)構(gòu)
This one is four times as big as that one.這個(gè)是那個(gè)的四倍大。(這個(gè)比那個(gè)大三倍。)/ Our campus is three times as large as yours.我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。/ He has books twice as many as she does.他的書比她多一倍。
1)The fiveyear deal obligates 〔A〕 the country to buy nine million tons 〔B〕 of grain a year 〔C〕,three million more as 〔D〕 the old pact’s minimum.三、“the same +名詞+as”表示同等比較
2)The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.〔A〕 in the same function 〔B〕 the same function as 〔C〕 the function is the same as 〔D〕 and has the same function
3)The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed.〔A〕 as the same value 〔B〕 the same value
〔C〕 value as the same 〔D〕 the value is the same
四、比較級(jí)前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語表示不定量,far, completely,still表示程度或更進(jìn)一步
4)There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.〔A〕 more sophisticated than 〔B〕 much more sophisticated 〔C〕 much sophisticated 〔D〕 sophisticated
5)The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.〔A〕 clearest 〔B〕 the clearest 〔C〕 much clearer 〔D〕 more clearer
6)Common porpoises(海豚)are usually not considered 〔A〕 migratory,although 〔B〕 some do move 〔C〕 to more warmer 〔D〕 waters in winter.兼有兩種形式的副詞
1)close與closely
close意思是“近”; closely 意思是“仔細(xì)地” He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 與lately
late意思是“晚”; lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late.What have you been doing lately? 3)deep與deeply
deep意思是“深”,表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度,“深深地”
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high與highly
high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5)wide與widely
wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是“廣泛地”,“在許多地方” He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free與freely
free的意思是“免費(fèi)”;freely 的意思是“無限制地”
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.形容詞使用順序巧記憶
當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,形容詞該如何排列? 為什么不能說a black new pen,而要說成a new black pen? 這里面有無規(guī)則可循?
如果你記住Opshacom這個(gè)為幫助記憶而杜撰的詞,就能掌握英語中形容詞排列的順序。
Opshacom中op代表opinion,指表示人們觀點(diǎn)的形容詞,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等;
sh代表shape,指表示形狀的形容詞,如long,short,round, narrow等;
a代表age,指表示年齡、時(shí)代的形容詞,如old,new,young等;
c代表colour,指表示顏色的形容詞,如red,black, orange等;
o代表origin,指表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)的形容詞,如British,Canadian,German等;
m代表material,指表示材料的形容詞,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。
英語中這六類形容詞連用時(shí)就按上述先后順序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen當(dāng)然,實(shí)際語言使用中不可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連用的情況。
第四篇:(總)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)規(guī)律和不規(guī)則變化
形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)律: 1.單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞后面直接加-er tall—taller
fast—faster 2.以-e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞直接加-r large—larger
nice—nicer 3.以-y結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞,改-y為-i再加-er busy—busier
early—earlier 4.形容詞或副詞是重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí),雙寫最后的輔音字母,再加-er hot—hotter
big—bigger 5.多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞前面直接加more delicious—more delicious beautiful—more beautiful 6.不規(guī)則變化
good(well)—better
bad(badly)—worse 不規(guī)則變化
少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加more-, most-構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) tired---more tired, most tired fond---more fond, most fond glad---more glad, most glad bored---more bored, most bored pleased---more pleased, most pleased good/well----better, best bad/badly/ill---worse,worst many/much----more,most little----less, least far---farther/farthest, further,furthest 下列形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有兩種形式 Cruel---crueler, cruelest/ more cruel, most cruel Strict---stricter,strictest/ more strict, most strict Friendly---friendlier, friendliest/ more friendly, most friendly Clever---cleverer, cleverest/ more clever, most clever 下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(即表示“最高程度”或“絕對(duì)狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))
Empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right,correct, extremely 等。
第五篇:初中英語不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
不規(guī)則形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式變化(必背)good-----better------best 好的
well------better------best 身體好的 bad------worse------worst 壞的 ill--------worse-------worst 病的 many--------more------most 許多 much------more--------most 許多 few------less-------least 少數(shù)幾個(gè) little-------less------least 少數(shù)一點(diǎn)兒
far------further------furthest 更進(jìn)一步,程度 far------farther------farthest 更遠(yuǎn),路程
old-------older------oldest 年老的(指年紀(jì))
old------elder-------eldest 年老的(指兄弟姐妹的排行)鞏固練習(xí):
一、寫出下列詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 單間節(jié)或雙音節(jié),比較級(jí) + er,slow__________ ___________
long__________ ___________ weak__________ ___________
short__________ ___________ tall__________ ___________
high__________ ___________ small__________ ___________
loud__________ ___________ light__________ ___________
fast__________ ___________ bright__________ ___________
quick__________ ___________ strong__________ ___________
clever__________ ___________ cheap___________ ___________
old____________ ____________ clean ___________ ___________
young ___________ ___________ near ___________ ___________
cold ___________ ___________
warm ________ _________
cool ________ _________
hard________ _________
black________ _________
soft________ _________
new________ _________
low__________ __________
2、以e結(jié)尾的詞,比較級(jí)+r,最高級(jí)+st large ________ _________
nice _________ _________ cute ________ _________
fine _________ _________ late ________ _________
huge _________ _________ blue ________ _________
white _________ _________ brave_______ __________
polite_________ __________ rude_________ _________
quite_________ ___________ ________ _________
3、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i+er或est happy________ _________
easy ________ _________
heavy________ _________
angry________ _________
hungry________ _________
funny________ _________
early________ _________
dry________ _________ lazy_________ __________
noisy__________ __________ dirty_________ __________
windy__________ __________ cloudy _________ _________
busy___________
___________ healthy__________ _________
pretty ______________ _____________ funny _________ ___________
4、雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母+er或est hot ________ _________
big ________ _________
red ________ _________
thin ________ _________
fat ________ _________
wet ________ _________
5、多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié) +more構(gòu)成比較級(jí),+the most構(gòu)成最高級(jí) 例; beautiful-----more beautiful------the most beautiful interesting ________________
__________________ frightening ________________
__________________ exciting ________________
__________________ slowly________________
__________________ happily________________
__________________ delicious ________________
__________________ expensive ________________
__________________ important ________________
__________________ careful ________________
__________________ difficult ________________
__________________ quickly________________
__________________ friendly ________________
__________________ handsome ________________
__________________
6、不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
good ________________
__________________ well________________
__________________ many________________
__________________ much________________
__________________ few________________
__________________ little________________
__________________ old________________
__________________ old________________
__________________ bad________________
__________________ ill________________
__________________ far________________
__________________ far________________
__________________
二、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式。
1.My brother is two years _______________(old)than me.2.Is your sister ______________(young)than you? Yes, she is.3.Who is _______________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.4.Whose pencil-box is ____________(big), yours or hers? Hers is.5.Ben jumps ____________(high)than some of the boys in his class.6.Does Nancy sing _______________(well)than Helen? Yes, she does.7.My eyes are _______________(big)than hers.8.Which is _______________(heavy), the elephant or the pig? 9.Who gets up ______________(early), Tim or Tom?
10.Do the girls get up____________(early)than the boys? No, they _______ _____.11.Jim runs ___________(slow).But Ben runs ___________(slow).12.The Earth is ___________(big)than the moon.13.The sun is ____________(bright)than the other stars.14.John is strong this year.He is ___________(strong)than last year.15.Lhasa is _______ __________(high)city in China.16.John is one of ________ __________(tall)and ____________(heavy)students.17.Today is _________ than yesterday.18.Mount Qomolangma is __________ ____________(high)mountain in the world.19.My dog is _________(small).Your dog is _________(big).My dog is _________(small)than yours.20.This game is ___________ ____________(interesting)than that game.21.Noodles are ___________ _____________(delicious)than bread.22.Chinese is _________ ______________(difficult)than English.23.My skirt is _________ ______________(expensive)than hers.24.Shenzhen is one of _______ _________ ___________(beautiful)cities in China.25.Monkey King is one of _____ _______ _____________(exciting)stories.26.She is _____ _______ ___________(careful)girl in our class.