第一篇：李克強工作報告2015改革開放中英對照

三、把改革開放扎實推向縱深 改革開放是推動發展的制勝法寶。必須以經濟體制改革為重點全面深化改革，統籌兼顧，真抓實干，在牽動全局的改革上取得新突破，增強發展新動能。

加大簡政放權、放管結合改革力度。今年再取消和下放一批行政審批事項，全部取消非行政許可審批，建立規范行政審批的管理制度。深化商事制度改革，進一步簡化注冊資本登記，逐步實現“三證合一”，清理規范中介服務。制定市場準入負面清單，公布省級政府權力清單、責任清單，切實做到法無授權不可為、法定職責必須為。地方政府對應當放給市場和社會的權力，要徹底放、不截留，對上級下放的審批事項，要接得住、管得好。加強事中事后監管，健全為企業和社會服務一張網，推進社會信用體系建設，建立全國統一的社會信用代碼制度和信用信息共享交換平臺，依法保護企業和個人信息安全。大道至簡，有權不可任性。各級政府都要建立簡政放權、轉變職能的有力推進機制，給企業松綁，為創業提供便利，營造公平競爭環境。所有行政審批事項都要簡化程序，明確時限，用政府權力的“減法”，換取市場活力的“乘法”。

III.Deepening Reform and Opening Up

Reform and opening up is crucial for driving development.We must focus on economic structural reform as we comprehensively deepen reform, taking all things into consideration in planning, working solidly to deliver concrete results, making new breakthroughs in areas that can boost development as a whole, and strengthening new momentum to drive development.We will do more to streamline administration and delegate more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation.This year, we will delegate the power or cancel the requirement for government review for more items, cancel all non-administrative review, and establish a system for exercising well-regulated management over the

government review process.We will deepen reform of the business system;further simplify the process for capital registration;take gradual steps to integrate the business license, the organization code certificate, and the certificate of taxation registration into one certificate;and overhaul and regulate intermediary services.We will draw up a negative list for market access, ensure that provincial-level governments make their lists of powers and responsibilities open to the public, and make sure that anything the law does not authorize is not done, while all duties and functions assigned by law are performed.Local governments must completely let go of powers that should be delegated to the market or society, and properly exercise the power of review over all items that have been delegated to them by higher-level governments.We will exercise stronger oversight both during and after the handling of matters, and improve the network of services for both enterprises and the general public.We will work to improve the credit rating system, put in place a national unified system of codes for rating credit, and establish a platform for sharing and exchanging information on credit.多管齊下改革投融資體制。大幅縮減政府核準投資項目范圍，下放核準權限。大幅減少投資項目前置審批，實行項目核準網上并聯辦理。大幅放寬民間投資市場準入，鼓勵社會資本發起設立股權投資基金。政府采取投資補助、資本金注入、設立基金等辦法，引導社會資本投入重點項目。以用好鐵路發展基金為抓手，深化鐵路投融資改革。在基礎設施、公用事業等領域，積極推廣政府和社會資本合作模式。

不失時機加快價格改革。改革方向是發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，大幅縮減政府定價種類和項目，具備競爭條件的商品和服務價格原則上都要放開。取消絕大部分藥品政府定價，下放

We will, in accordance with the law, protect the information security of enterprises and individuals.It goes without saying that powers should not be held without good reason.Governments at all levels need to adopt effective ways to streamline administration, delegate powers, and transform their functions, creating an enabling environment for enterprises, making it easier to start up in business, and creating the right environment for fair competition.Procedures and processes must be simplified and time frames must be clarified for all items requiring administrative review, and cuts to government power will be made to boost market vitality.We will take multiple measures to reform the investment and financing systems.We will substantially reduce the number of investment projects that require government review, delegate more powers of review to lower-level governments, significantly streamline the need for preliminary review for investment projects, and conduct project reviews online.We will greatly relax market access for private investment and encourage the use of private capital to set up equity funds.The government will guide nongovernmental investments toward key projects by subsidizing investments, injecting capital, and establishing funds.We will deepen reform of railway investment and financing by making good use of railway development funds.We will actively promote models of cooperation between government and nongovernmental capital in developing infrastructure and public utilities.We will take timely action to accelerate price reform.This reform is aimed at ensuring the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and significantly reducing the number of categories and items of goods and services for which prices are set by the government.In 一批基本公共服務收費定價權。擴大輸配電價改革試點，推進農業水價改革，健全節能環保價格政策。完善資源性產品價格，全面實行居民階梯價格制度。同時必須加強價格監管，規范市場秩序，確保低收入群眾基本生活。

推動財稅體制改革取得新進展。實行全面規范、公開透明的預算管理制度，除法定涉密信息外，中央和地方所有部門預決算都要公開，全面接受社會監督。提高國有資本經營預算調入一般公共預算的比例。推行中期財政規劃管理。制定盤活財政存量資金的有效辦法。力爭全面完成“營改增”，調整完善消費稅政策，擴大資源稅從價計征范圍。提請修訂稅收征管法。改革轉移支付制度，完善中央和地方的事權與支出責任，合理調整中央和地方收入劃分。

principle, we will lift pricing controls over all goods and services that can viably compete in markets.The government will stop setting prices for most

pharmaceuticals and delegate to lower-level governments the power to set prices for certain basic public services.We will expand the trials of pricing reforms for electricity transmission and distribution, carry out pricing reforms for water used in agriculture, and improve pricing policies to make them more conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection.We will improve the pricing of resource products and fully implement a system of tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes.At the same time, we must strengthen oversight over pricing, improve market order, and ensure the basic living standards of people on low incomes.We will ensure that progress is made in the reform of the fiscal and tax systems.We will put in place a comprehensive, well-regulated, open, and transparent budgeting system.With the exception of cases where classified information is involved, all central and local government departments must release their budgets and final accounts for public oversight.We will increase the percentage of funds transferred from the budgets for state capital operations to general public budgets.We will introduce medium-term fiscal planning.We will design effective measures to make good use of government funds at hand.We will devote serious energy to completing work to replace business tax with VAT across the board, adjust and improve policies on consumption tax, and extend price-based resource taxes to cover more types of resources.We will submit a proposal to the NPC Standing Committee on revising the Law on the Administration of Tax Collection.圍繞服務實體經濟推進金融改革。推動具備條件的民間資本依法發起設立中小型銀行等金融機構，成熟一家，批準一家，不設限額。深化農村信用社改革，穩定其縣域法人地位。發揮好開發性金融、政策性金融在增加公共產品供給中的作用。推出存款保險制度。推進利率市場化改革，健全中央銀行利率調控框架。保持人民幣匯率處于合理均衡水平，增強人民幣匯率雙向浮動彈性。穩步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換，擴大人民幣國際使用，加快建設人民幣跨境支付系統，完善人民幣全球清算服務體系，開展個人投資者境外投資試點，適時啟動“深港通”試點。加強多層次資本市場體系建設，實施股票發行注冊制改革，發展服務中小企業的區域性股權市場，開展股權眾籌融資試點，推進信貸資產證券化，擴大企業債券發行規模，發展金融衍生品市場。推出巨災保險、個人稅收遞延型商業養老保險。創新金融監管，防范和化解金融風險。大力發展普惠金融，讓所有市場主體都能分享金融服務的雨露甘霖。

We will reform the transfer payments system, clearly define the respective powers and spending responsibilities of the central and local governments, and make appropriate adjustments to the division of revenue between them.We will move ahead with financial reform to better serve the real economy.We will encourage qualified private investors to establish, in accordance with the law, small and medium-sized banks and other financial institutions;there will be no quota imposed on them, and approval will be granted as long as all required conditions are met.We will deepen reform of rural credit cooperatives, and keep their status as legal persons in their counties stable.We will ensure development-oriented and policy-backed financial institutions function effectively in increasing the supply of public goods.A deposit insurance system will be established.We will further liberalize interest rates and improve the central bank' s framework for their regulation.We will work to keep the RMB exchange rate at an appropriate and balanced level and allow it to float more freely.We will make steady progress in realizing the convertibility of the RMB capital accounts, expand the use of the RMB internationally, accelerate the establishment of a cross-border payment system for the RMB, improve the worldwide clearing system for the RMB, pilot private overseas investment, and launch the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect on a trial basis at an appropriate time.We will strengthen the multilevel capital market and implement the reform to introduce a system of registration for issuing stocks.We will develop regional equity markets to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, carry out trials of equity crowdfunding, encourage the securitization of credit assets, prompt an expansion of the issuance of corporate bonds, and develop the financial derivatives 深化國企國資改革。準確界定不同國有企業功能，分類推進改革。加快國有資本投資公司、運營公司試點，打造市場化運作平臺，提高國有資本運營效率。有序實施國有企業混合所有制改革，鼓勵和規范投資項目引入非國有資本參股。加快電力、油氣等體制改革。多渠道解決企業辦社會負擔和歷史遺留問題，保障職工合法權益。完善現代企業制度，改革和健全企業經營者激勵約束機制。要加強國有資產監管，防止國有資產流失，切實提高國有企業的經營效益。

非公有制經濟是我國經濟的重要組成部分。必須毫不動搖鼓勵、market.We will launch insurance to cover major disasters and commercial pension schemes that allow for deferred payment of individual income tax.We will explore new approaches to financial regulation to prevent and diffuse financial risks.We will channel great energy into developing inclusive finance and ensuring equitable access to financial services for all market entities.We will deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)and state capital.We will push forward with targeted reform of SOEs on the basis of having clearly defined their functions.We will move more swiftly in carrying out trials on establishing state capital investment companies and operating companies, create a market-based platform for state capital operations, and improve their performance.We will take systematic steps to implement the reform of introducing mixed ownership to SOEs, and both encourage and regulate equity investment made by non-state capital in SOE investment projects.We will accelerate structural reform of the electricity, oil, and natural gas industries.We will work, through multiple channels, to relieve SOEs of their obligation to operate social programs and help them solve longstanding problems, while at the same time ensuring that the legitimate rights and interests of workers are protected.We will ensure that SOEs improve their modern corporate structure, and incentive and restraint mechanisms for their executives are reformed and strengthened.We will strengthen regulation of state-owned assets and guard against their loss, and ensure that SOEs improve their performance.The non-public sector is an important component of China' s economy.We will remain firmly committed to 支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，注重發揮企業家才能，全面落實促進民營經濟發展的政策措施，增強各類所有制經濟活力，讓各類企業法人財產權依法得到保護。

繼續推進科技、教育、文化、醫藥衛生、養老保險、事業單位、住房公積金等領域改革。發展需要改革添動力，群眾期盼改革出實效，我們要努力交出一份為發展加力、讓人民受益的改革答卷。開放也是改革。必須實施新一輪高水平對外開放，加快構建開放型經濟新體制，以開放的主動贏得發展的主動、國際競爭的主動。推動外貿轉型升級。完善出口退稅負擔機制，自2015年起增量部分由中央財政全額負擔，讓地方和企業吃上“定心丸”。清理規范進出口環節收費，建立并公開收費項目清單。實施培育外貿競爭新優勢的政策措施，促進加工貿易轉型，發展外貿綜合服務平臺和市場采購貿易，擴大跨境電子商務綜合試點，增加服務外包示范城市數量，提高服務貿易比重。實施更加積極的進口政策，擴大先進技術、關鍵設備、重要零部件等進口。

encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of this sector, work to enable entrepreneurs to give full expression to their talent, put into effect all policies and measures encouraging the development of the private sector, strengthen the vitality of enterprises under all types of ownership, and protect the property rights of all types of enterprise-legal persons in accordance with the law.We will continue to push ahead with reforms in science, technology, education, culture, medical and health care, pensions, public institutions, and the housing provident fund.Development needs to be driven by reform, and the people are expecting the real benefits reform delivers.We must work hard to make sure that reform boosts

development and benefits our people.Opening up is itself a reform.We must carry out a new round of high-quality opening up, move more swiftly in building a new open economy, and maintain momentum in development and in international competition by pressing

ahead with opening up.We will transform and upgrade China' s foreign trade.We will improve the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments, with the central government paying all the increase for the benefit of local governments and exporting enterprises beginning in 2015.We will overhaul and regulate charges for imports and exports, and establish and release a complete list of such charges.We will implement policies and measures to enable China' s foreign trade to develop new competitive edges, facilitate the transformation of processing trade, develop market purchase trade and a comprehensive service platform for foreign trade, expand comprehensive trials in cross-border e-commerce, turn more cities into trendsetters in undertaking services outsourced by other countries, and increase the share of service trade in China' s foreign trade.We will adopt a more active import policy to increase

更加積極有效利用外資。修訂外商投資產業指導目錄，重點擴大服務業和一般制造業開放，把外商投資限制類條目縮減一半。全面推行普遍備案、有限核準的管理制度，大幅下放鼓勵類項目核準權，積極探索準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理模式。修訂外商投資相關法律，健全外商投資監管體系，打造穩定公平透明可預期的營商環境。

加快實施走出去戰略。鼓勵企業參與境外基礎設施建設和產能合作，推動鐵路、電力、通信、工程機械以及汽車、飛機、電子等中國裝備走向世界，促進冶金、建材等產業對外投資。實行以備案制為主的對外投資管理方式。擴大出口信用保險規模，對大型成套設備出口融資應保盡保。拓寬外匯儲備運用渠道，健全金融、信息、法律、領事保護服務。注重風險防范，提高海外權益保障能力。讓中國企業走得出、走得穩，在國際競爭中強筋健骨、發

the import of advanced technology, key equipment, and important parts and components.We will take a more active, more effective approach to making use of foreign capital.We will revise the Catalogue for the Guidance of Industries for Foreign Investment.We will focus on making the service and manufacturing sectors even more open by halving the number of industries in which foreign investment is restricted.We will introduce, across the board, the management system under which foreign investment projects generally need only to be placed on record, with government review required in only a limited number of cases.We will delegate to lower-level governments the power of review for a large number of projects that are encouraged by the state;and work actively to explore the management model of

pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list.We will work to improve the foreign investment regulatory system, revise laws concerning foreign investment, and create a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable business environment.We will speed up the implementation of the “go global” strategy.We will encourage Chinese companies to participate in overseas infrastructure development projects and engage in cooperation with their foreign counterparts in building up production capacity.We will work to increase the international market share of Chinese railway, electric power, communications, engineering machinery，automobile, aircraft, electronics, and other equipment, and encourage the metallurgical, building materials, and other industries to invest overseas.Outbound investment will be mainly managed on a record-keeping basis.We will scale up export credit insurance to provide export financing insurance for all insurable complete sets of large 展壯大。構建全方位對外開放新格局。推進絲綢之路經濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路合作建設。加快互聯互通、大通關和國際物流大通道建設。構建中巴、孟中印緬等經濟走廊。擴大內陸和沿邊開放，促進經濟技術開發區創新發展，提高邊境經濟合作區、跨境經濟合作區發展水平。積極推動上海和廣東、天津、福建自貿試驗區建設，在全國推廣成熟經驗，形成各具特色的改革開放高地。

統籌多雙邊和區域開放合作。維護多邊貿易體制，推動信息技術協定擴圍，積極參與環境產品、政府采購等國際談判。加快實施自貿區戰略，盡早簽署中韓、中

equipment.We will broaden the channels for using foreign exchange reserves, provide better financial services, information services, legal services, and consulate protection to Chinese firms investing abroad, guard against risk, and strengthen our capacity to protect the rights and interests of Chinese enterprises overseas.We are confident that these steps will enable Chinese companies to go global and go steadily, emerging stronger in international competition.We will foster a new environment in all-round opening up.We will work with the relevant countries in developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.We will move faster to strengthen infrastructure connectivity with China' s neighbors, simplify customs clearance procedures, and build international logistics gateways.We will work to build the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the

Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor.We will make China' s interior and border areas more open to the outside world, promote the innovation-driven

development of economic and technological development zones, and upgrade both border and cross-border economic cooperation areas.We will work actively to develop pilot free trade zones in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian, and extend good practices developed in these zones to the rest of the country so that such zones become leading reform and opening up areas, each with its own distinctive features.We will promote multilateral, bilateral, and regional opening up and cooperation.We will uphold multilateral trade systems, work to promote expansion of the Information Technology Agreement, and take an active part in international talks in areas such as 澳自貿協定，加快中日韓自貿區談判，推動與海合會、以色列等自貿區談判，力爭完成中國－東盟自貿區升級談判和區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定談判，建設亞太自貿區。推進中美、中歐投資協定談判。中國是負責任、敢擔當的國家，我們愿做互利共贏發展理念的踐行者、全球經濟體系的建設者、經濟全球化的推動者。

environmental products and government procurement.We will move faster to implement the strategy of developing free trade zones, ensuring that agreements on free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia are signed as soon as possible;stepping up negotiations on the China-Japan-RoK Free Trade Zone;working for progress in talks on free trade zones with the Gulf Cooperation Council and Israel;endeavoring to complete the talks on upgrading the China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone and on establishing the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership;and working to build the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Zone.We will continue negotiations on investment agreements with the United States and the European Union.As a responsible and enterprising nation, China champions the vision of promoting mutually beneficial development, boosting the global economy, and encouraging economic globalization.

第二篇：李克強2014年記者招待會全文(中英對照)

2014年3月13日上午，十二屆全國人大二次會議在人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發言人傅瑩的邀請會見中外記者，并回答記者提問。

On the morning of 13 March 2014, the Second Session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress held a press conference at the Great Hall of the People.Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council met with Chinese and foreign press at the invitation of Fu Ying, spokesperson of the NPC Session.[國務院總理 李克強]媒體的朋友們，感謝你們對中國兩會給予的關注和作出的報道，大家辛苦了。下面就請提問。

Premier Li Keqiang said: Friends from the press, I want to thank you for your interest in and coverage of the NPC and CPPCC Sessions.My appreciation goes to all of you for your hard work.Now I would be happy to take your questions.[美國有線電視新聞網記者]李總理，我的問題是和失聯的馬航飛機有關。首先借此機會對于機上的乘客、機組人員以及他們的家屬表示同情。大家都在急切地等待飛機的有關消息。請問您的是，中國政府在民用、軍事以及衛星獲取圖象等方面采取了什么措施來全力參與失聯飛機的搜救行動？我還想問，這起事件會否對中國的對外開放政策和海內外的旅游業產生影響？中國將采取什么措施確保國內以及海外中國公民的安全？比如中國政府是否會考慮進一步加強業已十分嚴格的安保措施？

CNN: Premier Li, my question pertains to the missing airplane of Malaysia Airlines.First of all, our sympathy goes to the families of the passengers and crew members of MH370.It’s day 6 now and there is confusion and frustration.What’s your reaction to the current situation? What is China doing to harness all your resources, civilian, military, satellite imaging to assist in the search and rescue? And down the road, how will this incident impact China’s attitude and policies on opening-up including inbound and outbound tourism? What measures will you take to ensure the safety of Chinese citizens in and outside China? Will you tighten up the already tight security? Thank you.[李克強]馬航失聯飛機上有239名乘客，其中154名是中國同胞，他們的親人心急如焚，他們的生命安危牽掛了中國政府和億萬中國人的心，現在我們也在盼來有消息，哪怕是一丁點好消息。中國政府已經啟動了全面應急和搜救機制，現在到達相關海域的有8艘中國艦船，還有一艘正在駛向相關海域，而且我們還動用了十顆衛星進行信息技術支持，只要有任何疑點都不能放過。

Li Keqiang: There are 239 people on board the missing plane of Malaysia Airlines, including the 154 Chinese passengers.Those people’s families and friends are burning with anxiety.The Chinese government and Chinese people are deeply concerned about their safety.We are all eagerly awaiting news about the plane, even the slightest piece of good news.The Chinese government has activated a comprehensive contingency response and search operation.Currently there are eight Chinese vessels in the related waters and one Chinese vessel is on its way.Ten satellites are being used to provide information and technical support.We will not give up on any suspected clue.昨天我還和在前方的中國一艘搜救船船長通話，請他盡力再盡力。我們對衛星圖象上發現的一些疑點，也在盡力地進行辨認。這是一場國際大搜救，有諸多的國家參與了搜救，我們也要求有關方面加強協調，并且一定要查明原因，找到馬航的失聯航班，妥善處理相關各方面的事宜。只要有一絲希望，我們絕不放棄搜救！至于問到中國的開放政策會不會變？不會，會繼續開放，會有更多的中國公民走出國門，這會增加政府的責任。政府要盡職履責，盡自己最大的可能，通過加強國際合作來確保在海外我國公民的生命安全。對于中國的航班安全工作，我們一直不敢放松，人命關天啊！謝謝。

I had a telephone conversation yesterday with a captain of one of the Chinese vessels in the search operation, and asked him to do his utmost.We are looking very closely at all suspected clues shown on the satellite images.This is a large international search operation involving many countries.The Chinese government has asked relevant parties to enhance coordination, investigate the cause, locate the missing plane and properly handle all related matters.As long as there is a glimmer of hope, we will not stop searching for the plane.With respect to China’s opening-up policy, there will be no change with the policy and China will continue to open itself to the outside world.In this course, a growing number of Chinese people will make overseas trips.That will place greater responsibility on the Chinese government.The Chinese government will fully perform its duties and enhance cooperation with other countries and regions to ensure safety of overseas Chinese nationals.As for flight safety, we have never let up our effort in ensuring flight safety as there is nothing more important than human life.[《金融時報》記者]國際市場高度關注中國金融和債務問題，認為這是全球經濟最大的風險之一。請問中國政府將如何應對這些問題，是否愿意看到出現金融產品違約的情況？ Financial Times: The international community is following very closely China’s financial and debt risks, regarding this as one of the highest risks for the global economy.What will the Chinese government do to tackle such risks? Is the government willing to see default of financial products? [李克強]你的中文說得很流利，也很標準，我聽懂了。但是因為這是中外記者招待會，還得請翻譯做一次翻譯。關于對中國經濟有風險，甚至還有些不看好的報道，最近我也看到了，類似的報道可以說似曾相識，去年就有對中國經濟下行的擔心，但是我們就是在這樣的背景下，頂住壓力完成了全年經濟主要預期目標。對金融和債務風險我們一直高度關注，去年在經濟下行壓力加大的情況下，我們果斷決定全面審計政府性債務問題，這本身表明要勇于面對。審計的結果如實對外公布，表明債務風險是總體可控的，而且政府的債務率還在國際公認的警戒線以下。很多債務還是投資性的，但我們不能忽視其中存在的風險，正在加強規范性措施。下一步，包括采取逐步納入預算管理，開正門、堵偏門，規范融資平臺等措施。

Li Keqiang: I’ve got your question very clear as you speak very good Chinese, but this is a press conference for both Chinese and foreign journalists, so we still need the translation.There is such a view that the Chinese economy is confronted with risks, and I have read such reports which are not optimistic about the Chinese economy.They bear resemblance to the past bearish talk about the Chinese economy.For example, there was this concern last year about China’s economic downturn.Yet in spite of the pressure, we achieved our goal set for economic growth.We pay very high attention to the financial and debt risks.Faced with increased downward pressure on the economy last year, we conducted a comprehensive audit on government debt.That shows that the Chinese government has faced up to this challenge.We have released to the public the audit result as it is.And it shows that the risks are on the whole under control.Moreover, our debt to GDP ratio is below the internationally recognized warning line, and most of the debt takes the form of investment.But the government will not overlook potential risks.We are going to intensify regulatory steps, put those debts under budgetary management over time and enhance the oversight of financing vehicles.In a word, we are going to keep the front gate open and block side doors.對于“影子銀行”等金融風險，我們也正在加強監管，已經排出時間表，推進實施巴賽爾協議III規定的監管措施。我兩會期間參加一個代表團的審議，有來自銀行界的代表問我，是不是資本充足率的要求偏高了一些？我們還是發展中國家，但是我們只能這樣做，我們不能把今天的墊腳石變成明天的絆腳石。至于你問我是不是愿意看到一些金融產品違約的情況，我怎么能夠愿意看到呢？但是確實個別情況難以避免，我們必須加強監測，及時處置，確保不發生區域性、系統性金融風險。謝謝。

As for financial risks such as shadow banking, we have tightened regulatory measures, set a timetable and started to apply the Basel III requirements.When I participated in the panel discussion during the two Sessions, a deputy from the banking sector said to me: Isn’t the capital adequacy ratio in China a bit too high? After all, we are still a developing country.But this is a must for us, as we don’t want to let today’s stepping stone become tomorrow’s stumbling block.As for default of financial products, how could I want to see such thing happen? Yet I’m afraid certain individual cases of such defaults are hardly avoidable.What we should do is to step up monitoring, promptly handle relevant situation and ensure that there will be no regional and systemic financial risks.[人民日報、人民網記者]總理，您好。現在社會上有不少人擔心中國的反腐敗會不會是一陣風？去年我們也查出了不少貪官，這是否說明中國在制度方面還存在著某些缺陷？此外，政府下一步在反腐敗上還會有什么新的行動？謝謝。

People’s Daily: There is a widely shared concern in the society as to whether this recent anti-corruption campaign will be a short-lived one.Last year, many corrupt officials were dealt with, but does this show there exist some institutional flaws in China? What new steps will the government take to combat corruption? [李克強]中國黨和政府反對腐敗的意志和決心是一貫的。十八大以來，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅持有貪必反、有腐必懲，取得新成效，我們會堅持不懈地做下去。對于腐敗分子和腐敗行為，我們實行的是“零容忍”。中國是法治國家，不論是誰，不論職位高低，法律面前人人平等，只要是觸犯了黨紀國法，就要依法依紀嚴肅查處、懲治。Li Keqiang: The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have a firm will and resolve to fight corruption.This is our consistent position.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has been steadfast in combating corruption and holding corrupt officials accountable.New progress has been made in this regard and we will carry forward this campaign with perseverance.For corrupt behaviors and corrupt officials, we will show zero tolerance.China is a country under the rule of law.No matter who he is and how senior his position is, if he violates Party discipline and law of the country, he will be seriously dealt with and punished to the full extent of the law, because everybody is equal before the law.腐敗是人民政府的天敵，我們要用法治的思維，用制度來管權、管錢。今年要繼續推進簡政放權，而且要加快推進“權力清單”公布，界定權力的邊界，防止濫用權力。對于社會公眾高度關注的一些領域，比如像土地出讓金收入、礦產權的轉讓等，我們要全面審計，要通過一系列的制度性措施，讓權力尋租行為、讓腐敗現象無藏身之地。謝謝。

Corruption is the natural enemy of a people’s government.We must apply the rule of law in both thinking and action in fighting corruption.And we must put the exercise of power and use of public money under institutional check.This year, we will continue to streamline administration and delegate government power.We are going to release to the public a list of powers as quickly as possible and set down a clear boundary for the exercise of power to prevent power abuse.We will also carry out comprehensive audits in those areas which are of high concern to the public, including the revenue on the transfer of land use rights and transfer of mining rights.We will take institutional steps to ensure that rent-seeking behaviors and corruption have nowhere to hide.[新加坡《聯合早報》記者]去年中國領導人頻繁訪問周邊國家，提出了新的周邊外交理念與合作倡議，但本區域仍然存在一些分歧和矛盾。請問您怎么看待中國與周邊關系的前景？謝謝。

Lianhe Zaobao of Singapore: Last year, Chinese leaders visited many neighboring countries and put forward new vision on China’s neighborhood diplomacy and cooperation initiatives.But still there exist some disputes and differences in China’s neighborhood.I would like to ask how do you see China’s future relations with its neighbors? [李克強]你的中文就更標準了，但是還是需要再翻譯一次。中國是個發展中國家，實現現代化是13億人民的共同意志，這需要有和平穩定的周邊和國際環境。我記得去年記者會快結束的時候，我說過，中國走和平發展道路的決心是堅定不移的，維護國家主權和領土完整的意志也是不可動搖的。兩者歸結起來還是要維護穩定，為發展創造良好環境。早在60年前，中國和一些周邊國家，就共同倡議和平共處五項原則，四鄰周邊有時候難免有磕磕碰碰的情況，但是只要我們相互尊重、管控分歧、互利互惠，碰出的應該是和諧的聲音，而不是刺耳的噪音。

Li Keqiang: You speak mandarin even better.But still we need the translation.I hope to have your understanding.China is still a developing country.To achieve modernization of the country represents the common aspiration of the 1.3 billion Chinese people.This requires a peaceful and stable neighboring and international environment.I recall that approaching the end of last year’s press conference, I once said that China has an abiding commitment to pursuing peaceful development.We also have an unshakable will in safeguarding China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.These two points are both for the sake of upholding stability and creating a favorable environment for China’s development.As early as 60 years ago, China and some of its neighbors had jointly initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.When neighbors interact with each other, it’s only natural that sometimes they will run into problems of one kind or another.But as long as they respect each other, properly manage differences and pursue mutual benefit, there will be harmonious sounds instead of jarring noises.你的問題讓我回想起去年訪問東盟國家，比如到越南，我和越南領導人達成海上共同開發、陸上合作、金融合作三頭并進的原則共識以后，也想聽聽民間的反應。我就晚上趁工作之余，到了一家小店，那個女店主當時就認出我了，她說歡迎中國客人來，我想這也是給她帶來生意啊。我就問她你怎么看鄰國的關系？她說還是和平友好吧。和平友好、和平共處，我想這是四鄰百姓的愿望，我們需要一起努力，來擴大利益的交匯點，縮小矛盾點，這樣就可以和睦相處，也是造福民眾。謝謝。

Your question reminds me of my visit to some ASEAN countries last year.During my visit in Vietnam, I reached principled consensus with the Vietnamese leaders about China-Vietnam cooperation in maritime joint development, on the land and in the financial sector.I was curious about how the ordinary people would think about this.So later in the evening, I took some time out of the schedule and visited a small local shop.The shopowner instantly recognized me and she said that she would like to have more Chinese customers.They would bring more businesses to her shop.I asked her how she thought about China’s relationship with its neighbors.She said there should be peace and friendship.Peace, friendship and peaceful co-existence, I believe, represent the common aspirations of all people in China and its neighbors.As long as we all work together to expand common interests and narrow differences, we can live with each other in harmony, bringing greater benefits to our people.[英國路透社記者]想請教總理，有一個經濟問題。中國經濟去年增長7.7%。請問總理，您上任一年最大的挑戰、最大的困難是什么？再有就是您覺得亟待解決的問題還有哪些？謝謝。

Reuters: China’s economy grew at 7.7% last year.In the past year since you became Chinese premier, what do you think is the biggest challenge and difficulty and what are the pressing issues that need to be resolved? [李克強]我確實很佩服你們這些駐華記者，能這么流利地說中文。要說去年最大的挑戰，那還是經濟下行壓力加大的挑戰。一度中國的中央財政收入出現負增長，金融領域還有所謂“錢荒”，銀行間隔夜拆借利率超過了13%，而且用電量、貨運量的增幅也大幅回落。國際上也出現了一些輿論，說中國經濟可能要硬著陸，還給出了指標，說增長可能只有3%到4%。而對我們來說，財政和貨幣政策運用空間又很有限，宏觀調控確實面臨多難選擇。怎么辦？遇萬難還須放膽。當然破困局要用智慧，我們保持定力，創新宏觀調控的思路和方式，明確了經濟運行的合理區間，就是增長和就業不能越出下限，通脹不能突破上限，而且著力促改革、調結構，讓市場發力。正是在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央領導下，經過全國人民的共同奮斗，我們頂住壓力，實現了經濟社會發展的主要預期目標。Li Keqiang: I truly admire all these resident journalists of foreign media in China for speaking Chinese so well.The biggest challenge last year was the increased downward pressure on our economy.Central government revenue registered negative growth at one point.There was the so-called “money squeeze” in the financial sector last June.Inter-bank lending rate exceeded 13%.And there was a slump in the growth of electricity consumption and cargo transport volume.There was this view in the international community that the Chinese economy would suffer a hard landing and China’s growth would drop to 3-4%.Moreover, we had only very limited room for manoeuvre in carrying out fiscal and monetary policies, and we were faced with multiple tough choices in exercising macro-control.Under such conditions, what should we do? When confronted with mounting challenges, one needs to show guts.To tackle a difficult situation, one needs to have wisdom.We held our ground.We pursued creative thinking and ways in exercising macro-control and set a proper range for China’s economic operation.That is to say, we worked to ensure that GDP growth and employment would not slide below the lower limit and inflation would not exceed the upper limit.We focused our efforts on boosting reform and making structural adjustment to ensure that the market will play a strong role.Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary and thanks to the concerted efforts of the entire Chinese people, we faced the pressure down and met our targets.現在我們看得更多的是困難和問題。今年挑戰依然嚴峻，而且可能會更加復雜。我們既要穩增長、保就業，又要防通脹、控風險，還要提質增效，治理污染，多重目標的實現需要找一個合理的平衡點，這可以說是高難度的動作。但凡事不患難，但患無備。所謂磨好了斧子才能劈開柴。我想只要我們正視困難、直面挑戰、趨利避害，就是遇事克難的成功之道。我們有去年應對經濟下行的經歷，中國經濟又有著巨大的潛能和韌性，我們有能力也有條件使今年經濟運行保持在合理區間。謝謝。

Now what is on top of our mind is the existing difficulties and problems.We will confront serious challenges this year, and some may be even more complex.We need to keep steady growth, ensure employment, avert inflation and defuse risks.We also need to raise the quality and efficiency of China’s economic development and tackle pollution.So we need to strike a proper balance amidst all these goals and objectives.This is not going to be easy.But the thing we have to fear is not the difficulty itself, but lack of preparedness, just as only a sharpened axe can cut through firewood.We will face up to the difficulties and challenges and make the most of the favorable conditions while averting unfavorable ones.This holds the secret to our success.Moreover, we gained good experience from handling the economic downturn last year, and the Chinese economy has tremendous potential and resilience.So I believe we have the ability and conditions to keep the economic operation within a proper range this year.[中央電視臺、中國網絡電視臺記者]總理您好。我注意到您在之前回答記者提問的時候說到今年要繼續推進簡政放權，所以我想就這個話題請您展開來給我們具體談一談。因為我們看到這個話題也是您在去年的記者會和今年的報告當中特別強調的一點，關于這一點在采訪的時候我聽到大家對這項改革有很多的好評，但是說實話我們也聽到了不少的抱怨，比如說現在在有的部門依然還存在著辦事難的現象，有的部門可能是把次要的權放出去了，但是重要的權還留著。所以我特別想請問總理，關于簡政放權的措施您認為怎么樣才能真正地落到實處，要減到什么樣的程度這項改革任務才算是基本完成了？謝謝。CCTV: In last year’s press conference and this year’s government work report, you laid special stress on streamlining administration and delegating powers.In our reporting activities we have heard much praise from the society about this reform initiative.Yet at the same time we have also heard complaints among the people that it is still difficult to get things done in some governmental departments.And some governmental departments may have released some less important powers, but still hold on to those more important ones.How to ensure that this reform initiative will be fully implemented? And to what extent can we say this reform task has been completed? [李克強]去年，中央政府把簡政放權作為改革的先手棋，我們確實下了不少的力氣，到現在一年的時間，僅中央政府下放取消的審批事項就有416項。更重要的是它釋放了一個強烈的信號，給企業松綁、讓市場發力。結果企業找政府的少了，地方跑北京的少了，有個統計數字也可以表明這激發了市場的活力。去年新注冊企業增加了27.6%，其中私營企業新增30%，這是十多年來最高的。這也表明簡政放權是激發市場活力、調動社會創造力的利器，是減少權力尋租、鏟除腐敗的釜底抽薪之策。十八屆三中全會提出，要讓市場在資源配置中發揮決定性作用和更好發揮政府作用，我想簡政放權是重要的突破口、切入點。

Li Keqiang: Last year, the Chinese government took streamlining administration and delegating power as the top priority on its reform agenda.With tremendous efforts, the central government has abolished or delegated to lower-level governments 416 items subject to State Council review and approval.This has sent out a very strong signal that we will loosen the straitjacket over enterprises and let the market play a strong role.As a result, fewer enterprises find it necessary to turn to the government and fewer local governments find it necessary to turn to the central government.This reform initiative has tremendously boosted market dynamism as shown in the following statistics: The number of newly registered businesses last year increased by 27.6%, among which the number of newly registered private businesses increased by 30%, the highest in over ten years.This shows that streamlining administration and delegating power is a powerful tool in energizing the market and stimulating social creativity.It is also the fundamental solution for cutting rent-seeking behavior and uprooting corruption.It was decided at the Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee that the market will play a decisive role in allocating resources and the government should better play its role.Streamlining administration and delegating powers is an important starting point in this direction.當然，放并不是說政府就不管了，我們講的是放管結合。要讓政府有更多的精力來完善和創新宏觀調控，尤其是加強事中事后的監管。對一些搞坑蒙拐騙、假冒偽劣、侵犯知識產權、蓄意污染環境，違背市場公平競爭原則的行為，那就要嚴加監管、嚴厲懲處。放管結合都要體現公平原則。當然，我們在推進簡政放權當中，也確實遇到了像避重就輕、中間梗阻、最后一公里不通暢等問題。開了弓哪還有回頭箭？我們只能是一抓到底、一往無前。我們還要繼續去啃“硬骨頭”，至于說到什么程度滿意，那就是正確地處理好政府和市場的關系，市場經濟也是法治經濟，我們要努力做到讓市場主體“法無禁止即可為”，讓政府部門“法無授權不可為”，調動千千萬萬人的積極性，為中國經濟的發展不斷地注入新動力。謝謝。

Delegation of power does not mean that the government will stay out of everything.What we need is both power delegation and tightened oversight.This way, the government can have extra energy to focus on pursuing creative and better macro-control.In particular, supervision over these delegated matters should be tightened when these matters are being handled and after they have been handled.Such behaviors as cheating and swindling of marketplace, making and selling of fake or substandard goods, violation of intellectual property rights, polluting activities and those activities that obstruct fair market competition will be put under rigorous oversight and severely punished.The principle of equity should be reflected in both power delegation and tightened oversight.I am aware that in the course of power delegation there have been such problems as a perfunctory attitude, midway obstruction or power delegation getting stuck in the last mile.But how can an arrow shot be turned back? We are determined to see this reform through.We are prepared to take on tough challenges in pursuing this reform initiative.As to what extent will we feel satisfied, we will keep up this reform until there is a proper relationship between the government and the market.The market economy is one based on the rule of law.We need to ensure that market entities can do anything which is not prohibited by the law, and government departments cannot do anything unless it is mandated by the law, so as to mobilize the initiative of all sides and add new impetus to the growth of the Chinese economy.[美國消費者新聞與商業頻道記者]許多投資者認為，今年中國經濟的增長會繼續放緩，會低于確定的7.5%增長目標。在不采取更多刺激政策的前提下，您所能接受的最低增速是多少？

CNBC: Many investors believe that China’s growth rate this year could be slower and lower than the official rate of 7.5%.What is the slowest rate of growth you would find acceptable without stimulating the economy? [李克強]我剛才講了，一些關于中國經濟偏悲觀的報道我看到了，而且也注意了。我們在去年并沒有采取短期刺激政策的情況下能夠實現經濟預期目標，為什么今年不可以呢？當然，我不否認今年可能會有更復雜的因素，我們之所以把經濟增長率定在7.5%左右，考慮的還是保就業、惠民生，增加城鄉居民收入。我們更注重的是數字背后的民生、增長背后的就業。這使我想到上個月23號，G20，也就是20國集團的財長和央行行長會議發布了一個公報，提出要在原有政策可達到的水平上，把GDP在5年內再提高2個百分點，以增加就業。在我的印象當中，G20這么說可能還是第一次，這表明主要經濟體更加看重增長和就業的關系。

Li Keqiang: As I said before, I am aware of those pessimistic reports about the Chinese economy.Last year, without taking additional short-term stimulus measures, we succeeded in meeting the economic target.Why can’t we do it this year? There is no denying that we may encounter a more complex situation this year.We have set this year’s GDP growth target at around 7.5%.What we have on our mind is to ensure employment, improve people’s lives and increase urban and rural incomes.What we care more about is the livelihood of our people behind a GDP figure and employment behind GDP growth.On 23 February, the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Governors Meeting issued a communiqué.It said that the G20 will work to raise its collective GDP by 2% within five years based on the current trajectory in order to add jobs.As far as I recall, this is the first time the G20 set such a target.That shows all major economies value the role of growth in generating jobs.沒有就業就沒有收入，也難以增加社會財富。我在基層曾經訪問過一些“零就業”家庭，一個家庭沒有一個人就業，真是毫無生氣，沒有希望。現在我們全國每年要新增城鎮勞動力就業1000萬人以上，還要給六七百萬新增的農村勞動力進城務工留有一定的空間，所以要有合理的GDP增速。當然，我們既然說GDP增長的預期目標是7.5%左右。左右嘛，就是有彈性的，高一點，低一點，我們是有容忍度的。至于你說可以接受的下限是什么，那就是這個GDP必須保證比較充分的就業，使居民收入有增長。我們不片面追求GDP，但是我們還是需要貼近老百姓的GDP，提高質量效益、節能環保的GDP。謝謝。Without a job, there is no source of income and it will be difficult to increase social wealth.I once visited some zero-employment families.When none of the family members has a job, the entire family is listless and hopeless.Each year we need to add over 10 million urban jobs and leave room for about six to seven million rural migrant workers to come to get employed in cities.Therefore we need appropriate GDP growth.We set the GDP growth target for this year at about 7.5%.This “about” means that there is a level of flexibility here.You asked me what is the lowest GDP growth that we can live with.This GDP growth needs to ensure fairly full employment and realize reasonable increase of people’s income.We are not preoccupied with GDP growth.The GDP growth we want is one that brings real benefits to our people, helps raise the quality and efficiency of economic development and contributes to energy conservation and environmental protection.[香港商報記者]請問總理，很多香港的民眾都認為，面對周邊國家和地區的快速發展，有很多人都認為香港競爭優勢遭到了很大的弱化，請問總理怎么看香港的發展前景？謝謝。Hong Kong Commercial Daily: As neighboring countries and regions grow fast, many people in Hong Kong feel that the Hong Kong’s competitive edge is declining.How do you see the future prospects of Hong Kong’s development?

[李克強]這幾年，世界經濟可以說是跌宕起伏，在這種嚴峻復雜的環境下，香港能夠站住腳跟，保持繁榮，本身就表明香港經濟有競爭力。香港在祖國內地改革開放和現代化建設中，作出了重要貢獻，我們現在全面深化改革，促進經濟升級，也給香港發展帶來更大的空間。中央對港澳的政策是一貫的、明確的，中央政府也會繼續支持香港，保持并且提升國際金融貿易航運中心的地位。內地在進一步擴大開放服務業，香港在這方面是有專業優勢的，近水樓臺可以先得月，我相信香港同胞歷來是有著敢拼能贏的精神，會在未來全球競爭中保持競爭優勢，保持繁榮。謝謝。Li Keqiang: There has been much volatility in the global economy in recent years.Under such grave and complex conditions, Hong Kong has stood firm and maintained prosperity.I believe this shows Hong Kong has kept its competitive edge.Hong Kong has made important contributions to the reform, opening up and modernization drive on the mainland.The comprehensive deepening of reform and economic upgrading of China will also open up broad space for Hong Kong’s development.The central government’s policy towards Hong Kong and Macao is consistent and clear-cut.The central government will continue to support Hong Kong in maintaining and elevating its status as an international financial, trading and shipping center.The mainland is opening up its service sector, and Hong Kong has a leading edge in this field.“A pavilion close to the pond will get the moonlight first.” With Hong Kong people’s enterprising spirit, I have confidence that Hong Kong will keep its competitive edge and maintain prosperity amidst future global competition.[美聯社記者]我想請問李總理，您如何評價中美關系的現狀，如果要進一步提升雙邊關系水平的話，兩國面臨的障礙有哪些？中方希望美方做出哪些改變？謝謝。

Associated Press: Mr.Premier, how do you comment on the current state of China-US relationship? In order to further raise the level of China-US ties, what do you think are the obstacles in the way and what change does China wish to see on the part of the United States? [李克強]中美關系實質上是世界上最大的發展中國家和最大的發達國家之間的關系。去年習近平主席和奧巴馬總統在加州莊園會晤達成構建新型大國關系的重要共識，那就是互不沖突、互利共贏。當然，中美因為歷史文化背景不同，發展階段不同，對一些問題存在分歧，這是客觀的，在合作當中有摩擦也是事實，但這是合作中的“煩惱”。我們只要相互尊重，尊重對方的核心利益和重大關切，管控好分歧，平等磋商，尤其是注意擴大中美的共同利益，就可以提升中美關系的水平。中美的共同利益可以說是遠遠大于分歧，去年我們雙邊貿易額達到5200多億美元，粗略算的話，每一個工作小時，中美之間可能有1億美元的生意已經做成了。何況我們現在還正在進行中美投資協定的談判，中美合作的潛力巨大，要在增強互補性上多做文章。所謂智者求同，愚者求異，變是向有利于中美雙方、有利于兩國關系穩定的方向去走，還是要擇寬處行，謀長久之利。謝謝。

Li Keqiang: The China-US relationship, in essence, is a relationship between the largest developing country and largest developed country in the world.Last year, President Xi Jinping and President Obama had a meeting in California and reached the important consensus of building a new model of major-country relationship between China and the United States.This relationship has the defining feature of non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation.China and the United States are different in history, culture and stage of development.So it’s only natural that these two countries have some differences and there are also some frictions in their cooperation.But these are pains amidst growing cooperation.As long as the two sides respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, properly manage differences and engage in equal consultations, in particular, continue to expand their converging interests, they can further raise the level of this relationship.China and the United States are different in history, culture and stage of development.So it’s only natural that these two countries have some differences and there are also some frictions in their cooperation.But these are pains amidst growing cooperation.As long as the two sides respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, properly manage differences and engage in equal consultations, in particular, continue to expand their converging interests, they can further raise the level of this relationship.[中國日報記者]總理您好。您在報告里講改革要有壯士斷腕的決心、背水一戰的氣概，還要抓住牽一發動全身的舉措，那么今年您覺得最應該從哪些領域突破？謝謝總理。China Daily: In your government work report, you said that the government will pursue reform with utmost determination and focus on those reform steps that will have an overall impact.I would like to ask: what is the top priority on the government reform agenda this year? [李克強]黨的十八屆三中全會提出要全面深化改革，也就是要把改革貫穿到經濟社會發展的各個領域、各個環節。我回想了一下，去年以來國務院開了40次常務會議，其中有30次是研究改革相關的議題，即使是其他議題我們也是在用改革的精神研究和推進的。其基本取向那就是讓市場發力、激活社會的創造力，政府盡應盡的責任，讓人民受惠。這也使我回想起30多年前，我在農村作村干部，那時候起早貪黑，恨不得把每個勞動力當天干什么都給定下來，結果呢？到頭來就是吃不飽肚子。后來搞承包制，放開搞活，農民自己決定干什么、怎么種，幾年時間溫飽問題就解決了。當然，我們現在推進全面深化改革，實現目標要有個過程，但古人說“吾道一以貫之”，只要我們鍥而不舍，假以時日，必有成效。

Li Keqiang: It was decided at the third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee that we will pursue a comprehensive deepening of reform in China.This means that reform will be carried out in all areas of China’s economic and social development.Since last year, the State Council has altogether convened 40 executive meetings.Thirty of them are directly related to reform topics.And the rest of the topics are also studied and pursued with the spirit of reform.The ultimate goal of reform is to energize the market and stimulate creativity of the society.The government needs to perform its duties well to bring benefits to the people.Your question reminds me of those days I spent in a rural village as a cadre more than 30 years ago.During that time, I worked very hard around the clock.I was anxious to plan out the share of work for each and every villager for the day.But still, with all the hard work, we still didn’t have enough to eat.But later, land was contracted to local villagers, past restrictions were lifted, and peasants were able to decide for themselves what they wanted to grow on the contracted land and what they wanted to do.In just a few years’ time, food and clothing was no longer a problem.To comprehensively deepen reform in China will take time.But our ancestors believe that one needs to be persistent in one’s pursuit of the objective.With persistent efforts over time, I believe we will be able to achieve our goal.我們要全面深化改革，但是也要抓牽牛鼻子的改革，在重點領域要有所突破。今年我們還要繼續推進簡政放權，讓市場發力，有效規范地發揮作用；還要把財稅金融改革作為重頭戲，包括給小微企業減免稅費方面有新的舉措，給市場助力；以結構改革推進結構調整，深化國企改革，發展混合所有制經濟，放寬市場準入，尤其是在服務業領域，像醫療、養老、金融等，讓市場增強競爭力。諸多的改革我在政府工作報告當中都說了，這里就不再贅述了，關鍵還在于推進落實。當然，改革會觸動利益、會動“奶酪”，你放權，有些人的權就少了。放寬市場準入，增強市場競爭力，現有的一些企業就會感到壓力。但是為了釋放改革紅利，尤其是讓廣大人民受惠，我們義無反顧。謝謝。

In the course of comprehensively deepening reform, we certainly need to stay focused on key reform initiatives, and seek breakthroughs in key areas.This year, we will continue to streamline administration and delegate power to let the market fully play its role in an effective and well-regulated manner.We will take fiscal, tax and financial reforms as priorities.For example, new steps will be taken to ease the tax burden on micro and small businesses to boost market vitality.We will pursue structural reform to boost structural adjustment.In this area, we will deepen reform of state-owned enterprises, vigorously develop a mixed-ownership economy and ease market access, especially in the service sector, such as health care, old-age support and financial services to boost market competition.I have set out in detail the reform initiatives we are going to take this year in my government work report.I will not elaborate on it here.The crucial thing is to ensure that all reform measures will be fully implemented.In the course of reform, the vested interests will be shaken up and some people’s cheese will be moved, so to speak.For example, in the course of power delegation, some government departments will find fewer powers in their hands.In boosting market competition and easing market access, some existing companies will feel greater pressure.But in order to further release the dividends of reform and bring greater benefits to our people, we will carry through the reform without hesitation.[臺灣東森電視臺記者]總理，您好。我們都知道兩岸現在迎來了一個好的機遇，在今年過完年之后，兩岸主管事務部門負責人見了面，而且習主席也與中國國民黨榮譽主席連戰見面，并且發表了重要談話。我的問題是，兩岸現在的交流以及互動非常密切，大家也非常希望兩岸關系有新的突破。請問您對新的一年兩岸關系發展有什么樣的期待？謝謝。ETTV of Taiwan: We now see a great opportunity for further growth of cross-Straits relations.Shortly after the Chinese New Year, the competent departments of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits held a meeting.General Secretary Xi Jinping met with KMT Honorary Chairman Lien Chan, and made important remarks on cross-Straits relations.There has been very close exchange and cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.People on both sides hope to see new breakthrough in cross-Straits ties.What is your expectation for cross-Straits ties this year? [李克強]兩岸是手足同胞，一家人，此話可以說常講常新。你剛才列舉了兩岸關系進展的一些事實，我也想講一件很有趣的事。去年兩岸的媒體共同把“進”字作為兩岸漢字。這個字可以說反映了兩岸關系和平發展的趨勢，也反映了兩岸民眾的期待，我也期待著在新的一年兩岸關系有新的進展，再進一步。我認為兩岸關系中重要的內容是人員往來和經貿合作。去年兩岸人員往來已經突破800萬人次，創歷史新高，希望繼續保持這樣一個好勢頭。兩岸還在就ECFA后續協議進行商談，希望早出成果，造福兩岸的民眾和有關企業。借此機會也請你轉達我對臺灣同胞新的一年的祝福。謝謝。

Li Keqiang: People on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are compatriots and members of one family.This is always true and highly relevant.Just now, you mentioned a few important events in the recent development of cross-Straits ties.Let me also share one interesting anecdote.Last year, media of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits jointly selected the Chinese character “進”, or “progress” in English, as “Chinese Character of the Year”.I believe this shows the trend of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and represents the common wish of people on both sides.I hope to see even greater and new progress in cross-Straits ties this year.I believe people-to-people exchange and business cooperation are important components of cross-Straits relations.Last year, over 8 million visits were exchanged between people of the two sides, reaching a new high.We hope such good momentum will be kept.Moreover, the two sides are also in consultation of a follow-up to the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement(ECFA).We hope to see early results out of the consultations so that greater benefits can be delivered to people and businesses of both sides.Please also convey my New Year greetings to our Taiwan compatriots.[新華社和新華網記者]總理你好，房地產問題一直是社會持續關注的問題，今年兩會上也有代表委員提了很多的建議和意見。那么請問總理，政府在這方面有沒有什么新的思路和新的舉措？謝謝。

Xinhua News Agency: The housing issue has always been a hot topic among the Chinese society.During this year’s two sessions, many deputies and members put forward their suggestions and views on this topic.I would like to ask what will be the new ideas and measures of the government on this issue? [李克強]房地產問題是個大問題，它直接關系到居民住房問題。讓人民群眾住有所居，這應該是政府奮斗的目標。我們需要根據不同人群的需求，不同城市的情況，分類施策、分城施策。政府還是要用更多的精力、更大的力度來解決好群眾的基本住房需求問題。現在我們國家城鎮集中連片的棚戶區還居住著上億人，可以說不具備基本的生存條件。幾百個人一個旱廁，特別是北方，到了冬天居民入睡要帶著棉帽、穿著棉衣，這可以說是政府心頭之痛。所以今年我們要繼續加大棚戶區改造的力度，至少要再改造470萬套以上。當然，我們也要推進公租房等保障房建設，并且實行公平分配，讓新就業的年輕人和長期進城務工的人員緩解住房困難。在這方面，我認為干一寸勝過說一尺。對于合理的自住需求，也要有相應的政策支持，包括增加普通商品房供應。對房地產市場則是要因城因地分類進行調控，抑制投機投資性需求，重在建立長效機制，促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。謝謝。Li Keqiang: The real estate issue is a big issue, as it directly concerns home of the people.The goal of the government is to ensure adequate housing for the people.We need to take differential measures in response to diverse needs and in light of different situations in different cities.I believe the government needs to focus on and do more to meet the people’s basic housing needs.Now, up to 100 million people still live in those contiguous poor urban rundown areas, and these people lack their basic living conditions.For example, several hundred people have to share one toilet, and in places in Northern China, people have to wear cotton-padded coats and hats when they go to sleep on a winter night.This is deeply distressing for the government.We will rebuild more rundown areas this year, and the goal is to rebuild at least over 4.7 million rundown houses.At the same time, we will also build more government-subsidized housing, such as public rental housing to ease the housing difficulty of those young people who have just entered workforce and rural migrant workers, and ensure that these housing units will be distributed equitably.In this regard, even a small action is a lot more important than a thousand words.There will be policy support for reasonable housing needs for self-living.The government will increase the supply of ordinary commercial housing.We will take a differential approach in regulating the housing market for different places.We will curb the housing needs for speculation and investment purposes, and establish a long-term mechanism to promote steady and sound growth of the housing market.[中央人民廣播之聲和央廣網記者]總理，您好。我的問題是關于霧霾天氣。現在我們看到老百姓對霧霾的抱怨越來越多。我們也注意到，您在政府工作報告中對此用了“宣戰”這個詞，這在以往是沒有的。請問總理，“宣戰”到底意味著什么？

China National Radio: There has been growing public complaint about smog.In your government work report, you said the government will declare war against pollution.I wish to ask you what do you mean by that? [李克強]我說要向霧霾等污染宣戰，這是因為這是社會關注的焦點問題。許多人早晨一起來，就打開手機查看PM2.5的數值，這已經成為重大的民生問題。我們說要向霧霾等污染宣戰，可不是說向老天爺宣戰，而是要向我們自身粗放的生產和生活方式來宣戰。我們去年出臺了國務院治理大氣污染的十條措施，在161個城市進行PM2.5數值的監測，這在發展中國家是最多的。這不僅是要讓人民群眾提高自身防護的意識，更是給政府增加責任。今年我們主動加壓，加大降耗力度，也就是確定能源消耗強度要下降3.9%，而去年實際完成是下降3.7%，這意味著要減少2.2億噸煤炭消耗。

Li Keqiang: I said the government will declare war against smog and pollution as a whole, because this has become a serious issue on the top of the minds of our people.For many people, the first thing they do after getting up in the morning is to check the PM2.5 figure for the day.This has become a major issue that concerns our people’s lives.To declare war against smog and other pollution doesn’t mean that we are declaring war against Nature.Rather, what we mean is that we are going to declare war against our own inefficient and unsustainable model of growth and way of life.Last year, the State Council issued a ten-point plan of action on the prevention and control of air pollution.We now conduct PM2.5 monitoring in 161 cities across the country, which is the most extensive scope among all developing countries.This is not just a reminder for our people to take precautionary measures, but also placing additional responsibility on the shoulder of the government.This year we will take further measures.For example, we have set the target of cutting energy intensity by 3.9% on top of the 3.7% reduction we achieved last year.This is equivalent to cutting coal burning by 220 million tons.對包括霧霾在內的污染宣戰，就要鐵腕治污加鐵規治污，對那些違法偷排、傷天害人的行為，政府絕不手軟，要堅決予以懲處。對那些熟視無睹、監管不到位的監管者要嚴肅追查責任。當然，霧霾的形成有復雜的原因，治理也是一個長期的過程。但是我們不能等風盼雨，還是要主動出擊，希望全社會，政府、企業、社會成員，大家一起努力，持續不懈地奮斗，來打這場攻堅戰。謝謝。

In fighting pollution, we need both tough measures and tough regulations.The government will severely punish those illegal emitting activities which harm both nature and human health.And those overseeing agencies which turn a blind eye to polluting activities and fail to perform their overseeing duties will be held accountable.There are complex causes for smog and to tackle this problem will take a long time.But we cannot sit here and wait for wind or rain to drive smog away.We have to take action ourselves.I hope that the government, the businesses and each and every individual of the society will act together and make persistent efforts to win this tough battle against smog.It’s almost time for lunch, but the moderator hopes that I take two more questions.Would you like that? Fine, I’m happy to oblige.快到吃飯時間了，但是主持人希望再問兩個問題，大家愿意嗎？那好吧，我服從公眾。It’s almost time for lunch, but the moderator hopes that I take two more questions.Would you like that? Fine, I’m happy to oblige.[荷蘭國際新聞電視臺記者]去年您訪問了多個歐洲國家，您親自介入了解決中歐之間關于光伏產品的貿易糾紛，同時訪問期間，您還親自推介中國的核電以及高鐵裝備。請問您希望如何解決中國企業進入歐洲市場方面存在的一些障礙？同時中國政府將采取什么措施來解決歐洲方面對歐洲公司進入中國市場的關切？

RTL 4: Premier Li, you went to Europe last year to solve the solar panel dispute and also to promote Chinese nuclear power equipments and Chinese high-speed rail.I’d like to know your thoughts on what kind of obstacles you think should be removed for Chinese companies who want to do business in Europe.And in return, how will you address the European concerns about market access to China? [李克強]推介中國的產品，維護中國企業在海外的正當權益，這是作為中國總理份內的事。我去年訪問中東歐的時候，曾經跟他們的領導人說，如果你要建高鐵、核電，在同等質量下，用中國的裝備可能是建設最快、成本最低的，我有這個底氣。中國的經濟要升級，出口產品也要升級，我們不能總是賣鞋襪、衣帽、玩具，當然這也需要，但中國裝備走出去可以在世界市場上接受競爭的檢驗，提質升級。而且這樣做也有利于各方，因為我們裝備的很多零件是全球采購的，一些技術也是購買來的，中歐和相關方面，就裝備走出去進行合作可以實現互利共贏。

Li Keqiang: To promote Chinese products and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies overseas is part of my job as Chinese Premier.During my visit to central and eastern Europe last year, I once said to leaders of these countries that of all the high-speed railways and nuclear power plants of the same quality, the Chinese companies can deliver in the fastest way and at the lowest cost.I have such confidence.In upgrading the Chinese economy, we also need to upgrade Chinese exports.We cannot just export toys, apparel or shoes, although they are also necessary.We also need to export Chinese equipment to help Chinese equipment raise its competitiveness as they are tested on the international market.This is also a win-win situation, as among exports of Chinese equipment, many components and parts are sourced globally and some technologies are introduced from overseas.So this brings benefits to all.不過我還想通過各位向中國企業轉達一句話：你們可是要盡力啊，我們對中國裝備質量等做了承諾，可不要讓這個承諾落空啊。請中外記者給予監督。至于你說到去年的光伏案，中歐作為最大的貿易伙伴，規模很大，摩擦難免發生，但是只要我們相互尊重，妥善地協商，是可以解決問題的。像最后光伏案的解決，可以說是成功的案例。我可不希望因為個案，而且比例很小，來丟掉“中歐是最大貿易伙伴”的帽子。說到中歐關系，我還要說，中歐都主張世界多極化，也主張投資便利化。中歐企業相互進入、相互投資，這是大趨勢。我們現在正在進行中歐投資協定談判，相信在中歐投資協定談判的進程當中，只要我們對等、公平、便利地推進，為企業創造條件，中歐的相互投資額會不斷地攀升，經濟的融合度也會不斷地加深。謝謝。

Here through you, I wish to convey a message to the Chinese companies.That is: you need to do your best.We have given our word for the quality of Chinese equipment.I hope you will not prove us wrong, and the Chinese and foreign journalists can supervise.You mentioned the trade dispute over photovoltaic products last year.China and the EU are each other’s largest trading partners.It is only natural that there will be some trade frictions between them given the large size of their trade.But as long as the two sides respect each other and engage in proper consultations, problems can be solved.And settlement of last year’s photovoltaic products case is a success story.I don’t want to see that one loses the status of “biggest trading partner” because of those individual cases which account for only a very small percentage of the two-way trade.Talking about China-EU relations, I want to say that both China and the EU are strong advocates of a multi-polar world and investment facilitation.I believe it is an irresistible trend for Chinese and European companies to enter into each other’s markets and make mutual investment.The two sides are now negotiating an investment treaty.I believe that as long as the two sides conduct the negotiation in a fair, reciprocal and facilitating way and create conditions for companies of both sides, there will be even greater mutual investment and deeper economic integration between China and Europe.[中國國際廣播之聲和國際在線網記者]總理，您好。最近網上民調顯示，社會保障是網民關注的熱點之一。去年您就提出要打造民生保障的安全網。請問總理，在這方面有哪些進展和新的打算？謝謝。

China Radio International: A recent opinion poll shows that social security is one of the hot topics among Chinese netizens.Last year, you said that China will build a social safety net to improve people’s livelihood.How has this been progressing and is there any new plan in this regard? [李克強]社會關注的熱點問題，尤其是民生問題，應該是政府工作的重點。今年要著重繼續做三件事，就是保基本、兜底線、促公平。第一是保基本。也就是說要在義務教育、基本醫療、基本養老、住房等諸多方面來構建一個完整的社會保障安全網。我們現在基本醫保已經總體覆蓋全民了，基本養老的參與人數也超過8億人。但是群眾還有反映，比如接續難、轉移難這些問題，我們要繼續鞏固和擴大這些基本的社會保障。今年適當時候要提高基本養老金的標準，而且要解決或者說逐步解決碎片化的問題，整合城鄉醫保，推進養老保險并軌，構建統籌城鄉的社會保障網。

Li Keqiang: Topics of high concern to the people, in particular those related to people’s livelihood, represent priorities on the government work agenda.This year, we have three major tasks.Namely, we need to meet people’s basic living needs.We need to provide a last resort for people to fall back on in case of special difficulty.And we need to promote social fairness.First, we need to ensure people’s basic living needs.We will build a comprehensive social safety net covering, among others, compulsory education, medical care, old-age support and housing.Our basic medical insurance schemes have achieved full coverage.Now basic old-age insurance schemes cover more than 800 million people.We need to make them truly portable and transferable, and further expand their coverage.We will raise the basic pension benefits at an appropriate time this year, and tackle the problem of fragmentation in due course.That is to say, we need to further integrate old-age and medical insurance schemes in urban and rural areas to put in place an integrated social safety net for the entire population.第二是兜底線。因為國力所限，我們基本保障的標準還是低水平的，總會有一部分人因病、因災等特殊原因陷入生活的窘境，基本保障兜不住，還要進行社會救助。我們絕不能讓無家可歸、因貧棄醫等現象頻發。將心比心啊，政府工作人員應該以百姓之心為心。所以前不久我們出臺了新的社會救助管理辦法，就是要讓這些特殊困難群眾求助有門。第三是促公平。我們保基本、兜底線，還是要為了解除人民群眾就業、創業的后顧之憂，還是要采取措施，尤其在一些領域要有更有效的辦法，讓就業、求職機會公平，讓創業有公平競爭的環境，特別要注重起點公平，也就是教育公平。我們要繼續增加農村貧困地區的學生上重點高校的人數，今年要增加10%以上，并且要加大農村貧困地區薄弱學校改造的力度。政府就是應該創造條件，讓每個人都通過自己的奮斗有公平發展的機會，我們要把公正貫徹到社會的最底層。謝謝。

Second, we need to provide a last resort for people to fall back on in time of special difficulty.As China is still a developing country, our basic welfare benefits are still quite low.But there are these people in the society who run into special difficulty because of serious illnesses or sudden disasters.In such circumstances, basic welfare benefits are no longer enough.They are in need of social assistance.The government must prevent frequent occurrence of such instances in which people become homeless or have to give up seeking medical treatment because they cannot afford it.Just imagine what if such situation happens to ourselves.All government employees must always put such special needs of the people on top of their mind.Therefore, not long ago, we introduced new methods on providing social aid to ensure that people who run into special difficulty will have somewhere to turn to.Third, we need to promote social fairness.The above-mentioned two major tasks are designed to ensure that our people won’t have any worries in seeking employment and starting one’s own business.The government needs to take more effective steps to ensure equal opportunities in finding jobs and level the playing field for people to start their own businesses.The government needs to pay particular attention to ensuring fairness at the starting point, namely, fairness in education.This year we will raise the proportion of rural students from poor areas enrolled in key colleges and universities by over 10%.We will also further improve those poorly-built and low-performing schools in poor rural areas.In a word, the government needs to create conditions to ensure that each and every individual will have an equal shot at a better life through hard work and that fairness and justice are truly realized even at the most primary level of the society.Thank you.[李克強]主持人說到吃午飯的時間了。中國人說民以食為天。所謂民是眾的意思，你們的肚子加起來遠遠超過我一個人，還是要讓大家不能挨餓。謝謝你們參與關注今天的記者會，也謝謝一些記者的提問，謝謝大家。

Li Keqiang: The moderator indicates to me that it’s already lunch time.The Chinese people see food as an overriding priority.With so many people at the press conference, I hate to stand between you and your lunch.Thank you for coming to today’s press conference, and thank you for your questions.Thank you all.記者會結束后，李克強總理站起來將要離開現場時，又回答了兩位記者的追問。在回答記者關于中央是否還會有惠港政策的問題時，李克強說，凡是有利于香港繁榮發展的事，我們都會去做，過去是這樣，今后還會是這樣。

After the press conference, as he stood up to leave, Premier Li Keqiang answered questions from two more journalists.When asked whether the central government will introduce more favorable policies for Hong Kong, Premier Li Keqiang said, we will do anything that contributes to the prosperity of Hong Kong.We did so in the past and will continue to do in the future.

第三篇：2017李克強答中外記者問中英對照

Premier Li Keqiang met reporters from home and abroad at a news conference on Wednesday at the end of the annual meeting of the National People’s Congress.Premier Li answered questions on various topics such as the economy, financial reforms and diplomacy.3月15日本周三，國務院總理李 克 強在全國人大閉幕記者會上會見了中外記者，并就經濟、金融改革、以及外交等事項答記者問。

【李克強】剛才我聽主持人說由于來的人多，很多記者提前兩三個小時就到這里了，大家很辛苦，也充分表現了你們的職業精神，我對中外記者對中國兩會報道所付出的辛勞表示感謝。時間有限，我們單刀直入，我愿意回答記者朋友們提出的問題。

Premier Li Keqiang：Just now, I heard the spokesperson say that today we have many journalists here.I heard that many of you arrived here 2 or 3 hours in advance.I thank you for your attention.Since we have limited time, I invite you to be direct with your questions.【美國有線電視新聞網記者】總理，早上好。特朗普總統一直對華發表一些批評性言論，表示中國偷竊了美國就業崗位，批評中國匯率政策以及中國在維護地區安全上做的不夠。我們還了解到，很有可能最早就在下個月，中美兩國元首可能會實現會晤。基于此，我們對于美國希望從中國得到什么已經有了一些概念，我想問，中國希望從美國那兒得到什么？中國對于一個健康可持續發展中美關系的底線是什么？您是否有信心實現這樣的中美關系的發展？還是覺得前路比較艱難？

【CNN】President Trump has consistently criticized China for stealing U.S.jobs, manipulating currency exchange and not doing enough to maintain regional security.I understand that President Xi and Trump may meet as early as next month.What do you expect to receive from the U.S.?

【李克強】你的提問讓我回想起去年9月份我去聯大出席系列高級別會議期間到美國紐約經濟俱樂部演講，就有人向我提問，當時美國總統大選正在白熱化階段，如果新的總統當選，中美關系會不會有大的改變？我的回答是，不管誰當選美國總統，雖然中美關系經歷過風風雨雨，但是一直前行，我對此持樂觀態度。

Premier Li Keqiang：Your question reminded me of my speech last year in New York, when the U.S.presidential campaign was white hot.I was asked how the China-US relations would develop when a new U.S.president takes office.My answer was that whoever becomes the new U.S.President, China-US relations will keep moving forward despite the changing circumstances.特朗普總統當選以后，習近平主席和特朗普總統通了電話，兩位元首都表示要共同推進中美關系向前發展。特朗普總統和美國新政府的高官也都明確表示，要堅持一個中國的政策，這是中美關系的政治基礎，不是風云變幻能夠動搖的，也動搖不得。有了這樣一個政治基礎，中美合作的前景是廣闊的。Soon after Trump became the U.S.president, he and President Xi Jinping talked on the phone.The two leaders re-emphasized the one-China principle.Many senior officials from both countries agreed to enhance China-US relations, too.The one-China principle is the corner stone of the China-US relations.This is the political basis on which China and the U.S.can continue to develop ties.我們之所以對中美關系前行持樂觀態度，是因為中美建交幾十年了，已經有了廣泛的共同利益。當然，我們之間也有分歧，比如你剛才提到的像在就業崗位、匯率等問題上有些看法不一，或者在安全問題上也有不同認識。

These days, the diplomatic departments are working on facilitating a meeting between the leaders of the two countries.Over the many decades since China and the U.S.established diplomatic ties, there have been many disagreements on employment, exchange rate and security issues, among other issues.但是，我們雙方都需要保持戰略定力，加強溝通，坐下來談，增進相互了解和理解，現在兩國外交部門正就兩國元首會晤進行溝通。我想，中美關系不僅會關系兩國利益，而且涉及到地區和世界的和平安全穩定，我們要維護它前行。

Facing these differences, we should continue our exchanges and sit down to talk calmly to enhance communication.China-US relations not only affect the interests of the two countries but also regional and global peace and stability;this is why we need to keep our ties moving forward.至于貿易問題，我在兩會參加代表團討論時，有來自外貿企業的人大代表跟我說，雖然中方是貿易順差，但是企業生產的產品利潤90%以上是美國企業拿走了，中國的生產企業拿到的利潤最低只有2%—3%。據有關統計，光去年一年，中美的貿易、投資給美國創造的就業崗位過百萬個。當然，各方的統計方法可能不一，沒關系，我們坐下來談，總是會有共識，即便一時達不成共識，可以擱置分歧，智者的辦法是擴大共同利益，分歧點所占比例就會更小。

In terms of trade issues, although China currently has a surplus, more than 90 percent of Chinese companies’ profits were taken by the United States.We have statistics showing that last year China-US trade and investment created more than one million jobs in the United States.But if we cannot reach an agreement at once, we can continue talking, which is what wise people do.我想起前兩天看到國際上有一個權威智庫發表文章，他們認為，如果中美發生貿易戰的話，首先受損的是外資企業，首當其沖的是美資企業。我們不希望看到打貿易戰，貿易戰帶不來貿易公平，而且雙方都受損。現在全世界都比較關心中美關系，中方希望，中美關系不管有什么樣的坎坷，還是要向前走、向好處走。中美兩國人民都是偉大的人民，我們有智慧來管控分歧，我們有需要也有條件來擴大共同利益。謝謝。Recently I read a report by a reputable foreign think tank.It said that if trade wars broke out between China and the United States, those suffering first would be foreign-funded enterprises in China, particularly those funded by the U.S.Our hope on the Chinese side is that trade relations will move forward in the positive direction.Chinese people and Americans are both great peoples.We have the wisdom to control our differences, and also have the need and conditions to enlarge our common interests.Thank you.【中央人民廣播電臺記者】總理您好，我們注意到這幾年中國經濟的增長速度在持續放緩，今年又把經濟增長的預期目標下調到6.5%左右，這是否會對世界經濟造成不利的影響？另外有人認為中國經濟存在很多風險，特別是在金融方面的風險，中國是否能夠在世界經濟疲軟這個大背景下繼續扮演世界經濟的推動者這樣一個角色？謝謝。

【China National Radio】The growth rate of the Chinese economy has slowed in recent years.This year, China has set its GDP growth target at around 6.5 percent.Will this adversely affect the global economy? Moreover, some people think that there are some risks in the Chinese economy, especially in the financial sector.Do you think that the Chinese economy can still remain the global economic engine driving the global economy while global economic growth is sluggish?

【李克強】我們把今年經濟增速定在6.5%左右，我看到當時有外媒報道說中國是溫和下調了增速。其實，增長6.5%這個速度不低了，也很不容易。我曾經在中國少林寺陪同外賓看過武僧表演，幾歲的小武僧一口氣翻十幾個跟頭不費勁，而練過十幾年武功的青年武僧翻三五個跟頭就了不得了，主要是塊頭大了。如果今年中國實現經濟增長目標，增量比去年還要大，因為這是在我們經濟總量已經超過74萬億元人民幣，相當于11萬億美元基礎上的增長，而且可以帶動1100萬人以上的就業。這符合經濟規律，也可以使注意力更多地放到提高質量和效益上來，對世界經濟增長的貢獻率不會低，中國仍然是世界經濟復蘇乏力情況下推動全球增長的重要力量。

Premier Li Keqiang：We set this year’s economic growth at 6.5 percent.I’ve read foreign media that described it as China’s ―moderate downward adjustment.‖ As a matter of fact, I should point out that 6.5 percent is not a low rate and won’t be easy to achieve;I once visited the Shaolin Temple with some foreign friends for a martial arts performance.I saw that the young monks can do a dozen of somersaults at one go very easily, but it would be quite a feat for adult monks to do even several – this is because of their different sizes.If we are able to achieve the 6.5 percent target this year, that will generate more economic output than last year, because this is achieved on the basis of 74 trillion yuan, or about US$11 trillion.This can generate 11 million jobs.It is in accordance with economic rules and this way we can focus more on the quality of China’s growth.I believe China will continue to be a strong driving force for the global economic growth.至于說到風險，今年世界經濟政治不確定的因素很多，這是很大的外部風險。對中國來講，不發展是最大的風險。我們保持中高速的穩定增長，本身就是在為世界穩定做貢獻。當然，我們自己也有一些不可忽視的風險，剛剛你講到像金融領域。對于這些風險點，我們是高度關注的，發現了會及時處置、靶向治療，不會讓它蔓延。當然，我還必須要強調，中國金融體系總體是安全的，不會發生系統性風險。因為我們有很多應對工具，儲備政策許多還沒有用。我們的財政赤字率沒超過3%，商業銀行資本充足率在13%，撥備覆蓋率176%，這些都超過許多國家，特別是國際所確定的相關標準。所以我們是有能力防范風險的，當然，我們在中高速行進當中也會系緊安全帶，不會讓風險―急性發作‖，更不會發生區域性或者系統性的風險。謝謝。

As for risks, there are many uncertainties in the global economy and politics, and this can be a huge external risk.For China, lack of development will be the greatest risk.As long as we maintain a medium to high growth rate, we will be making a contribution to the global economy.Of course, we have some risks that we cannot neglect, for instance, financial risks as you mentioned.We are watching these risks closely and we will deal with them in time and with focused measures and won’t let them run rampant.Of course, I’ll point out that China’s financial industry is overall safe and does not have systematic risks.This is because we have a lot of tools at our hands.Our fiscal deficit is less than 3 percent, the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks stands at 13 percent and the provision coverage ratio is 176 percent — all of these are better than many other countries, especially by the standards set by the international community.Therefore, we are able to avoid and prevent risks.We will buckle up during our medium-to high-speed ride, so as not to have a sudden risk, or a regional or systematic risk.Thank you.【彭博社記者】我的中文不夠，對不起。隨著美國收縮它在全球貿易體系中所發揮的作用，包括退出TPP，似乎中國愿意在全球貿易中發揮領導性作用。您和習近平主席都倡導自由貿易、開放型經濟以及全球化。但同時我們看到，中國也在實施不公平貿易，開放自身經濟速度還不快方面遭到批評。請問，在未來一年，中國方面會采取什么措施讓國際社會確信中國是要致力于推進自由貿易和開放型經濟的？

【Bloomberg】My Chinese is not good, sorry.The United States is shrinking its role in the global trade system, such as its withdrawal from the TPP.China seems to be poised to play a leadership role in global trade.You and President Xi Jinping both advocate free trade, an open economy and globalization.At the same time, China received criticism for unfair trade practices and measures for curbing opening speed.In the coming year, what will China do to make others believe that China is committed to free trade and open economy?

【李克強】首先，在全球化進程受到一些非議或者在某些方面有挫折的情況下，中國始終堅持一貫的立場，那就是：維護經濟全球化，支持自由貿易。這本身就表明中國是要推動開放。實際上，全球化使各國都受益了，不過在這個過程中也有一些問題，像分配等方面，但它們不是全球化本身的問題，而是應對的問題。中方也愿意和世界各國一道來改善全球治理體系。全球化和世界的和平發展合作是一體的、不可分的。關起門來以鄰為壑，解決不了問題。

Premier Li Keqiang：First, in a process of globalization that is faced with controversy and has suffered setbacks in some respects, China regularly advocates economic globalization and free trade.It shows clearly that China will promote opening-up.Actually, globalization benefits each country, even though some problems arise in the process, such as in the sector of distribution.We need to tackle these problems rather than reject globalization.China is willing to cooperate with other countries to enhance the global governance system.Globalization is inseparable from the development of world peace.The closed door and beggar-thy-neighbor policies cannot resolve problems.中國和世界許多國家一樣，是全球化的受益者，這其中也因為中國一直在堅持不斷地擴大開放。中國首先要把自己的事情辦好，但關起門來也辦不好自己的事情。所以我們的開放大門會越開越大。當然，開放是一個漸進的過程。回過頭來看，這幾十年來，我們的步伐一直是向前進的。

去年，我們吸引外資在發展中國家仍居首位，達到1260億美元。世界銀行對中國營商環境的評估，去年和2013年相比上升了18位。我們推動上海自貿試驗區建設，已經逐步擴大到11個省區市，而且還會把普遍適用的經驗向全國推廣。我們還要在今年舉辦―一帶一路‖國際合作高峰論壇，不斷推出擴大開放的措施。我們也和很多國家提議，建立自由貿易區或者進行投資貿易協定的談判，這些都是有利于雙向開放的措施。有一點我想大家要明確，就是你的開放力度越大，開放程度越深，這里面的摩擦相應就會越多，但是占的比例會越來越小。對此，我們是有信心的。我們就是要打造開放的高地、投資的熱土，和世界共享發展機遇。

Like many other countries, China is the beneficiary of globalization as China is consistently advancing its opening-up.China’s priority is to realize its own development, but closing doors cannot realize that.We will continue to step up opening-up, which is a gradual process.In retrospect, we have been moving forward with the process over the past decades.Last year, China was still the largest recipient of FDI among all developing countries, with the figure reaching US$126 billion.According to the evaluation on business environment in China made by the World Bank, China jumped 18 places last year compared with 2013.We advanced the construction of Shanghai FTZ, expanded the coverage scale to 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and will promote this across the whole country.We will hold the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation this year to put forward more opening-up measures.We proposed to establish a Free Trade Zone or make negotiations on investment trade treaties with many other countries.These are all two-way opening-up measures.We need to know that wider and deeper opening-up will bring about friction, but, it will ease.We are confident about the process.We will build up opening-up and attract more investment to share development opportunities with the whole world.至于維護全球貿易的自由化，這需要世界各國共同努力，因為天下是天下人的天下。我們對已經達成或者希望達成的一些區域貿易安排一直持開放態度，也樂見其成。只要是有利于貿易自由化的，我們都會去參與、去推進，而且中國人明白，要用開放抓住全球化的機遇，不管有什么挑戰都不能錯過。

關于區域的自由貿易安排，涉及中國的，有條件的，我們持開放態度，愿意去進行推動。我們不會越俎代庖，不會超越區域去做不應是中國做的事情。謝謝。

As for preserving global trade liberalization, it requires the joint effort of every country because the world belongs to everyone who lives in it.We always assume an open attitude to regional trade arrangements, including those established and those that are under discussion.We would also love to see progress in this regard.We will participate in and promote whatever facilitates trade liberalization.We Chinese understand that we have to seize with an open attitude the opportunities of globalization and not miss them, no matter what challenges we face.With regard to the arrangement on regional free trade, as long as China is involved and has the conditions to participate, we will assume an open attitude to promote it.We won’t meddle in others’ affairs.We won’t go beyond China’s regional scope to do things we shouldn’t.Thank you.【人民日報記者】總理您好。我們注意到這四年來您一直都抓住簡政放權這件事情不放松，今年政府工作報告也顯示，您所要求的本屆政府要精簡1/3的行政審批事項的任務已經提前完成了，那么剩下的2/3呢？這項工作要不要繼續往下推進，如果要繼續的話您準備怎么推進？謝謝。

【People’s Daily】Mr.Premier, for the past four years, we have seen that you have been highly focused on streamlining administration and delegating power.We’ve also seen in this year’s government work report that the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third has been fulfilled ahead of schedule.So what about the remaining two thirds? Will this reform be pushed forward, and if so, what specific steps will be taken?

【李克強】簡政放權核心是要轉變政府職能，處理好政府和市場的關系，這不是一朝一夕之功。我們的確已經完成了本屆政府成立之初確定的任務，但是在推進的過程中發現這里面的名堂多了，不僅是審批權，還有名目繁多的行政許可、資格認證、各種奇葩證明，讓企業不堪重負的收費等等，這些都屬于簡政放權要繼續推進的內容。我們就是要在推進過程中，讓政府職能得到轉變，把更多的精力放到該管的事情上來。政府確實管了一些不該管、也不應屬于自己管的事情，它束縛了市場主體的手腳，降低了行政效率，甚至影響了政府的公信力。因此，我們必須進行自我革命，刀刃向內，我一直說要用壯士斷腕的精神堅韌不拔地加以推進，不管遇到什么樣的問題，甚至會有較大阻力，但是要相信我們有足夠的韌性。

Premier Li Keqiang: The core of this reform is to transform government functions and balance the relations between the government and the market.This reform cannot be accomplished overnight.The goal of cutting the number of items that require government review has been met, but in this process we have actually discovered a whole variety of other problems involved.In addition to the requirement of government review and approval, there are also various requirements for administrative permits, certification of qualification and administrative fees for our businesses.So these will be the areas of focus for this government reform.Essentially, this reform will help the government focus on things that it should focus on, because some issues we used to be focused on in the past may tie down our businesses, cut government efficiency and even the government’s public credibility.So this is a self-targeted reform for the government, and we are fully determined to pushing it forward until our job is done no matter what obstacles or even resistance we may encounter.簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務是三位一體的，也就是政府要把更多的精力放到事中事后監管和優化對人民群眾的服務上，把市場的準入放寬了，那就要為市場主體公平競爭營造環境。對那些假冒偽劣、坑蒙拐騙、侵犯知識產權以及涉及食品、藥品、環保等群眾密切關注的違法違規問題要堅決查處。我們要通過―互聯網+政務服務‖，讓群眾少跑腿、少煩心、多順心。要把更多的力量用于扶貧攻堅、棚戶區改造、義務教育、基本醫療等諸多民生關注的方面。

Streamlining administration, the integration of control and decontrol and regulation and improvement of government services form an integral whole.The government needs to improve its oversight during and after the process and provide better services for the businesses and people.When market access is widened, the government needs to ensure a fair playing field for all market entities, and violations of laws and regulations will be seriously dealt with, such as making and selling fake foods and goods, cheating the market place and violations of intellectual property rights.All these areas are of high concern to our general public, involving food, drug safety and environment, etc.The government also needs to use the internet and other technologies to ensure that government administrative services will be more easily accessible to our people.The government also needs to focus more on areas like poverty alleviation, rebuilding of shanty towns, providing compulsory education and meeting people’s basic health care needs, all of which concern people’s livelihood.簡言之，就是要向依法依規的市場主體發出―前行、前行、再前行‖的信號；向依靠勞動創業創新者亮起―可以、可以、再可以‖的綠燈；對那些違法違規不良行為，就要及時亮出黃牌，甚至出紅牌罰他下場。謝謝。

So what the government should do is to send a message of ―Yes‖ to all law-abiding market entities, to flash the green ―go ahead‖ light to all hard-working entrepreneurs and innovators and to seriously deal with all violations of laws and regulation, showing them resolutely a yellow card, and even red card, to send them out of the market.Thank you.【日本經濟新聞社記者】謝謝主持人。總理，您好。我是日本經濟新聞社的記者。我想問一個關于朝鮮半島的問題。美國國務卿蒂勒森先生從今天起訪問日本，之后他還要訪問中國和韓國。外界認為此訪的重點之一是討論朝鮮半島問題。當前，朝鮮繼續試射導彈，推進核武計劃，導致東北亞局勢非常緊張。在此背景下，中國打算采取什么樣的措施和行動來緩解緊張的地區局勢？中方將如何同日本等相關國家合作，解決所謂的朝核問題。謝謝。

【Nikkei】U.S.Secretary of State Tillerson is visiting Japan starting from today and will visit China and South Korea later.It’s widely believed that one of his major goals is to discuss the situation on the Korean Peninsula.The DPRK has conducted several missile tests and continues to push forward its nuclear weapon programs, resulting in tensions in Northeast Asia.What will China do with the other parties concerned to solve the problem?

【李克強】中國在朝鮮半島問題上的立場是明確的、一貫的，堅持實現半島無核化，堅持維護半島的和平穩定，堅持通過對話協商解決問題。對于聯合國已經通過的相關決議，中國一直是態度鮮明，而且是全面嚴格執行。中國始終是核不擴散體系的堅定維護者。的確，近來半島乃至于東北亞出現了一些緊張的氣氛，緊張很可能會導致沖突，會使相關各方都受損。我們希望的是，各方共同努力，把緊張的氣氛降下來，使大家都回到對話的軌道上來，最終解決問題。按常理說，誰也不愿意自己的家門口整天鬧個不停。謝謝。

Premier Li Keqiang: China maintains a clear-cut stance on this issue.To achieve denuclearization of the peninsula and maintain peace and stability there, we need to sit down and talk.China supports all resolutions of the United Nations and firmly upholds the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.Tensions may lead to conflicts and will harm all sides.We hope that through the efforts of all the parties concerned, the tensions can be eased, and negotiations can resume.Anyway, no one wants to see chaos on his doorstep.Thank you.【中央電視臺記者】您常說就業是民生之本。有報道說，您每個月在看經濟指標的時候，非常關注就業的變化。我們看到在政府工作報告中，您特別提到今年我國的就業壓力加大。請問總理，今年會不會出現群體性的失業問題？

【CCTV:】You often say that employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood.And of all the economic indicators, it is the statistics concerning jobs that you care the most about.In the government work report, you pointed out that this year, the government may face a more daunting task of providing employment.My question is, do you expect large scale unemployment in particular sectors this year?

【李克強】可能稍加注意你們就會發現，在政府工作報告所提出的主要經濟社會發展指標當中，有一項是抬高的，那就是今年我們要新增城鎮就業1100萬人以上，比去年的目標增加100萬人。我們之所以要有6.5%左右的經濟增速，穩增長主要還是要保就業。因為就業對我們這樣一個13億多人口的大國來說是最大的民生。就業是經濟發展的基礎，是財富增長的來源，也是居民收入的主渠道。我們這幾年一直在實施積極的就業政策，已經連續4年實現新增城鎮就業1300萬人以上，今年更是強調就業優先，就是要保證能夠實現比較充分的就業，把失業率控制在較低的水平。

Premier Li Keqiang: If you read the government work report carefully, you will notice that we have adjusted a target upward among all the major economic and social development targets for 2017, namely we will create over 11 million new urban jobs, one million more on top of the target we set for 2016.The fact is, we have projected around 6.5% GDP growth mainly to support job creation.Employment is of paramount importance for such a large country as China with 1.3 billion-plus people.Employment is the foundation of economic development.It creates wealth and is a major source of household income.Over the past four years, we have pursued a proactive employment policy and created over 13 million new urban jobs every year for four years in a roll.This year, we will continue to give high priority to employment.The goal is to achieve fairly sufficient employment and keep unemployment at a low level.這幾年我們一直處在新成長勞動力的高峰，今年的就業壓力仍然比較大，光高校畢業生就達795萬，創歷史新高，還有500萬左右的中職畢業生，加上去過剩產能需要安置幾十萬轉崗職工等等。我們要營造有利于創業就業的環境，不是靠政府去提供―鐵飯碗‖，而是讓人民群眾用勞動和智慧去創造或者說打造―金飯碗‖。這幾年我們就是通過創造崗位，實現了比較充分的就業。這里，我想請外國記者朋友能夠多報道中國的就業崗位是靠自己創出來的。

In the past several years, record numbers of job-seekers have entered the labor force, which is a big challenge for us.This year, we are going to have 7.95 million college graduates, the highest number in history.Five million will graduate from vocational schools.And several hundred thousand workers will be laid off in the process of cutting overcapacity.The government’s job is not to hand out the ―iron rice bowl‖ or permanent jobs to the people, but to create enabling conditions for the people to use their own ingenuity and hard work to create or secure ―gold rice bowls‖ so to speak.The employment rate in the past years has been fairly high because we have leveraged the enthusiasm for entrepreneurial and innovation activities.I would encourage the media, in particular, foreign media, to report the fact that Chinese jobs are mainly created by the Chinese themselves.我們完全有能力擴大就業，不會也不允許出現大規模群體性失業，對于一時不能就業、生計沒有著落的群眾，政府會負起責任，保障他們的基本生活。

The Chinese government has the ability to support more job creation.There will not be, nor will we allow mass unemployment.For those who have difficulty getting jobs or making ends meet, the government will do its part and provide for their basic needs.【新加坡《聯合早報》記者】今年是本屆政府的收官之年。您認為過去四年多最重要的成就是什么？最難攻克的又是什么？

【Lianhe Zaobao】Mr.Premier, this year is the last year in the term of this government.My question is, what has been the most important achievement of the past four years? And what has been the greatest challenge?

【李克強】你問的問題雖然簡短，但比較大。如果說到四年來施政的主要成果，那就是在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央領導下，全國上下共同努力，我們不斷創新宏觀調控方式，中國經濟運行保持在合理區間，始終是中高速增長，四年來增速波動也就是1個百分點左右，可以說是平穩的。而且這不是靠―大水漫灌‖的強刺激來獲得的，而是通過推動產業、消費升級，使經濟結構優化取得新進展，通過加快新舊動能轉換促進經濟出現向好勢頭，更重要的是帶動了5000多萬人的城鎮新增就業。

Premier Li Keqiang: It’s a short but big question.The most important achievement of the past four years is that under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and with the joint efforts of our people, we have developed new approaches to macroeconomic management and maintained steady economic performance within the proper parameters and a medium-high growth rate.The variation in annual growth rate, for example, is only about one percentage point.We have achieved such steady growth not by resorting to massive, economy-wide stimulus, but by industrial and consumption upgrading, which has contributed to the improvement of China’s economic structure.We have encouraged the new drivers of economic growth to take the place of traditional ones.Most importantly, we have generated as many as 50 million new urban jobs.這幾年，我一直聽到中國經濟會―硬著陸‖的聲音，可以說不絕于耳。去年在世界經濟和貿易增長出現7年來增速最低的情況下，中國仍然保持中高速增長。這幾年的實踐可以證明，中國經濟―硬著陸‖論可以休矣。中國經濟不會―硬著陸‖，我們會長期保持中高速增長，并邁向中高端水平。

Over the years, some people have predicted, once and again, that the Chinese economy will see a ―hard landing‖.The truth is, we managed a medium-high growth rate last year in spite of the fact that world economic and trade growth hit a seven-year low.I hope this will put an end to any more predictions of a hard landing.The Chinese economy will continue to enjoy medium-high growth and move to a medium-high level.當然，并不是說我們沒有問題和挑戰，所以要推動改革。說到最難的，還是在深化改革方面。比如說簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務的改革，這不僅會觸動利益，而且要觸動靈魂。要讓權力不能任性，就得把那些不應該有的權力砍掉，有些涉及到部門利益，要壓縮尋租空間。這不是一個簡單的過程，從中央政府一直到地方、到基層，都要這樣做，要打通―最后一公里‖。

At the same time, we also face many challenges and difficulties, hence the need for continuous reform.This is the biggest challenge for us.The reform to streamline administration, enhance oversight and provide better services is bound to upset vested interests;it also demands a fundamental change in our mindset.There should be no more arbitrary use of government power, the government must not overreach, and the room for rent-seeking must be squeezed.This is easier said than done.We must make sure that all levels of the government move in lockstep to travel the last mile and get rid of any remaining obstacles.我到有的地方去看，在簡政放權中一次封了109個公章，用一個公章代替。中國太大，不知道類似公章過多的情況哪些地方還有。你們可能也都記得，在前幾年兩會上，曾有人展示了一個項目審批―萬里長征圖‖，據說現在變成―百里‖了，百里也不短啊，還要繼續推進。我前面已經講了，不管有什么樣的阻力，我們都有足夠的韌性推動改革。改革就是要解放和發展生產力，調動廣大人民的積極性，讓群眾得到實惠。為政之要就是要舍小利、顧大義、順民心。During an inspection trip, I was shown that, instead of requiring a stamp of approval from 108 government departments, the streamlined process required only one.With China being so big, there may be similar situations of excessive requirements for government approval elsewhere.You may remember that a few years ago, a delegate at the Two Sessions produced a so-called Long-March matrix, showing all the intricate procedures for administrative approval.Although things have been streamlined significantly and the long march has been substantially reduced, it’s still too much.Let me repeat that no matter what obstacle may lie ahead, we are determined to push the reform through.The goal is to unleash and grow productive forces, bring out the initiative of the people, and deliver greater benefits to the general public.After all, governance is all about letting go of narrow departmental interests for the greater good and always responding to the people’s call.【《深圳特區報》記者】去年10月您到深圳參加―全國雙創周‖主會場的活動。據統計，一周之內有50萬人參加了這次活動，場面非常火爆。過去一年大眾創業、萬眾創新蓬勃發展，現在共享經濟發展也很快，但是也有人有不同的看法。請問總理，您覺得―雙創‖的熱情會持久嗎？

【Shenzhen News】Mr.Premier, last October, you attended the National Week of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Shenzhen.It is estimated that as many as 500,000 people participated in the national week’s activities, making it a very popular event.Over the past year, this initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation has caught on, and the sharing economy has seen rapid expansion.But some people may see these developments in a different way.Mr.Premier, do you think this public enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and innovation will continue?

【李克強】―雙創‖可以說是應運而生，在全球化、―互聯網+‖的時代，我們推動―放管服‖改革，促進了大眾創業、萬眾創新。這3年多來，每天平均有4萬個以上市場主體注冊登記，相當于每年新增1000多萬個。我和有些外國的領導人談到這件事，他們很驚訝，這相當于他們國家中小微企業的總量。其實―雙創‖不僅是中小微企業的事，也是大企業的事，現在許多大企業也在推動―雙創‖，在線上創造很多眾創空間，讓線上的工人當創客，和訂單背后的市場需求結合起來，更適應消費者的需要。―雙創‖覆蓋了一二三產業、大中小企業，有著很強的生命力。

Premier Li Keqiang: We believe that our initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation is a response to the call of this age of economic globalization and Internet Plus.The government’s further reform of streamlining administration and delegating powers is also designed to boost this public enthusiasm for business start-ups and innovation.Over the past three years and more, on an average daily basis, more than 40,000 market entities have got registered, adding up to 10 million every year.When I share this figure with foreign leaders, they were truly amazed as this is equivalent to the total number of SMEs in their countries.Not only SMEs are doing entrepreneurial and innovation activities.Big companies are actively engaged in this too.They have opened up vast online makerspaces to enable a matching between the innovative capabilities of their employees with the demands of customers in the marketplace.This initiative runs through the development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and involves businesses of all sizes.So I believe it will continue to thrive.―雙創‖不僅帶動了大量就業，促進創新驅動發展戰略深入實施，它也是一場改革，因為它抓住了―人‖這個生產力當中最重要的因素，讓人的聰明才智和活力充分展現出來，讓大家有改變命運、獲得縱向上升的平等機會。它也創新了生產模式，許多新業態，像共享經濟、―互聯網+‖等等，可以說層出不窮，這些新業態有的是新舊動能轉換過程當中產生的，新舊嫁接，有的是―老樹開新花‖，總的看它適應了市場的需求，適應了消費者個性化、多樣化的要求。

This initiative has generated a great deal of jobs.It is also an important means to implement the strategy of innovation-driven development.This initiative is a process of reform too because it captures the most important element in productive forces, that is, human resources.It helps bring out the wisdom and motivation of each individual and gives them an opportunity for a fair shot at success and upward mobility.It has also boosted the development of many new production and business models, like the ―Internet Plus‖ and sharing economy.Some of the new business models appear in the synergy between old and new growth drivers.Others are the result of traditional drivers of growth being given renewed life with the application of new technologies.This initiative has, in a nutshell, responded well to market demand and individualistic needs of our customers.另外，新業態的成長也倒逼了政府職能轉變。確實，這些新業態很多是過去未知的，有爭議是正常的，我們還是要以開放的態度、包容的理念審慎監管，促使它們健康發展。

The growing new business models have also created pressure on the government to enhance its capability, because after all, many of the forms of business are new things.When it comes to such new things, it’s only normal for people to have different views.For the government, it needs to exercise careful regulation in an open-minded and accommodating way to promote their healthy development.我一直在想，也一直這么認為，中國有1.7億受過高等教育和擁有高技能的人才，與近8億的勞動力結合起來，能創造的財富，激發的能量是難以估算的，也會給市場，包括世界市場帶來巨大的機遇。中國人民勤勞智慧，有著追求美好生活的不竭動力，政府就是要創造環境，讓人民群眾創業創新的熱情持久不衰。當然―雙創‖和許多新事物一樣，發展過程當中一些方面、一些企業會遇到曲折，但是大方向是正確的。

I have all along believed that China’s nearly 800 million labor force, including the 170 million who have received higher education or possess high professional skills, represents a tremendous source of wealth and energy and enormous opportunities for China itself and the international market too.The Chinese people are intelligent and hard-working and they have an inexhaustible drive for pursuing a better life.The government needs to create an enabling environment for our people to stay enthusiastic for entrepreneurship and innovation.Some people and some enterprises may experience difficulties as this initiative unfolds, which is only normal for the development of new things.But we have the confidence to ensure that our initiative continue to move in the right direction.【鳳凰衛視記者】今年政府工作報告中，您首次提到了―港獨‖問題，指出―港獨是沒有出路的‖，這是否意味著政策上會有什么變化？比如在落實―一國兩制‖這個原則問題上是否會更加強調―一國‖而弱化―兩制‖？或者以后中央對香港的支持會減少？

【Phoenix TV】This year’s government work report, for the first time, contains a reference to the notion of ―Hong Kong independence‖, pointing out that Hong Kong independence will lead nowhere.I wonder if this indicates a change in the policy of the central government.Does it mean that the central government, in implementing the principle of ―one country, two systems‖, will put more emphasis on the part of ―one country‖ and downplay the part of ―two systems‖? Does it mean that the central government will reduce its support to Hong Kong?

【李克強】對―一國兩制‖的方針要全面理解和執行，我在政府工作報告中已經說了，―一國兩制‖的實踐要不動搖、不走樣、不變形。

至于說支持香港發展，中央政府會不斷地加大力度，繼續出臺許多有利于香港發展、有利于內地和香港合作的舉措。比如說去年我們出臺了―深港通‖。我們要進一步探索開放債券市場，這是國家的需要，香港也有平臺。我們準備今年在香港和內地試行―債券通‖，也就是說允許境外資金在境外購買內地的債券，這是第一次。香港是近水樓臺先得月，這有利于維護香港國際金融中心的地位，有利于香港居民有更多的投資渠道從而受惠，有利于香港的長期繁榮穩定。

Premier Li Keqiang: The principle of ―one country, two systems‖ needs to be understood and implemented in its entirety.As I have also said in the government work report, this principle needs to be steadfastly applied without being bent or distorted.The central government will continue to enhance its support to Hong Kong’s development and will introduce more measures in the interest of Hong Kong’s development and its cooperation with the mainland.Last year, we launched the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect.This year, we will actively explore greater cooperation over the bond markets.That is what the country needs, and Hong Kong has a platform for it too.We are considering establishing a bond market connect between the mainland and Hong Kong this year, allowing, for the first time, overseas capital to buy mainland’s bonds overseas.Hong Kong stands to be the first to benefit from such arrangement thanks to its unique strengths.We believe this will help maintain Hong Kong’s status as an international financial center, diversify investment channels for Hong Kong residents, and contribute to Hong Kong’s lasting prosperity and stability.【俄通社—塔斯社記者】請問您如何評價中俄關系？兩國是否能夠在世界經濟不穩定、能源價格波動的背景下取得經貿關系發展？

【TASS of Russia】Mr.Premier, how do you evaluate overall China-Russia relations? Do you think that the economic relations between the two countries will enjoy further growth in the face of uncertainties in the international economic landscape and volatility of global energy prices?

【李克強】說到中俄關系，兩國互為最大的近鄰，是全面戰略協作伙伴關系。中俄關系的健康穩定發展，不僅有利于地區，也有利于世界。去年兩國元首多次會晤，達成許多重要共識。中俄總理定期會晤多年來一直如期舉行，這本身表明了中俄關系的穩定性。

Premier Li: China and Russia are each other’s biggest neighbors.We enjoy a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination.Sound and steady growth of China-Russia relations is good for the region and good for the world.Last year, presidents of the two countries met several times and reached important agreement on many issues.And the prime ministers’ annual meeting has been held as scheduled every year for many years.I believe all this is evidence of the stability of China-Russia relations.至于說到兩國的經貿關系，這些年世界經濟復蘇低迷，貿易增長乏力，中俄經貿合作由于能源價格下跌等因素也受到一些影響。記得在去年記者會上，我曾經說希望中俄經貿合作當年能夠有轉折性變化，現在應該說實現了，當然這是我們共同努力的結果。特別是今年前兩個月，中俄貿易額有大幅增長，這表明中俄雙方經貿合作的潛力很大，互補性很強，雙方所設定的經貿合作目標是可以實現的。

Talking about economic relations and trade between our two countries, over the years, we have faced sluggish global economic recovery and anemic growth of global trade.So naturally our economic relations and trade have been affected by the decline in international energy prices and some other factors.I recall that last year, on the same occasion, I expressed the hope for our business relations to turn the corner and achieve strong growth by the end of the year.Thanks to our joint efforts, this has been achieved.In the first two months of this year, there was actually a big surge in China-Russia trade.This shows the tremendous untapped potential of our trade ties and the great complementarity of our economies.I am confident that the goals we set for our two-way trade can be achieved.【財新雜志記者】現在人民幣匯率有一定的下跌壓力，但是要穩住匯率，要么就是消耗外匯儲備，要么就要加強外匯管制。您如何看待匯率下跌、外儲下降或者外匯管制的代價？這幾害相權您會作何選擇？

【Caixin】China’s RMB exchange rate has been under pressure of depreciation.To keep exchange rate stable, one has to either dig into foreign exchange reserves or tighten control on the use of foreign currencies.Among the three scenarios of a weaker currency, drop in foreign exchange reserves and tightened currency control, how would you weigh the costs of each scenario and what choice will you make?

【李克強】首先關于匯率。去年因為國際貨幣市場動蕩，特別是美元走高，許多貨幣尤其是主要國際貨幣對美元的匯率大幅度貶值，而人民幣匯率貶值幅度是比較小的。我們不希望通過貶值來增加出口，這不利于企業轉型升級。我們也不希望打貿易戰，這不利于國際貿易和貨幣體系的穩定。我們堅持推進人民幣匯率形成機制的改革，實行以市場供求為基礎、有管理的浮動匯率制度。可以說在人民幣匯率彈性加大的情況下，我們保持了人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。當然，這也得益于中國經濟基本面向好。人民幣匯率的基本穩定是對國際貨幣體系穩定的重要貢獻。

Premier Li Keqiang: First, on the exchange rate.Last year, there has been some volatility on international currency markets.Many currencies especially major global currencies have depreciated against the strengthening US dollar.The depreciation of the Chinese yuan against the dollar is a quite modest one.China has no intention to devalue its currency in order to boost exports, because that is not good for our companies’ transformation and upgrading.China has no intention to fight any trade war either, as that is not good for the stability of global trade and the international monetary system.China will continue to push forward the market-oriented reform of its exchange rate regime, and follow a market-based, managed floating exchange rate regime.As the floating band of the Chinese yuan widens, the RMB exchange rate has remained broadly stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.That is attributable to the sound economic fundamentals in China.By keeping the RMB exchange rate broadly stable, China will continue to contribute to the stability of global monetary system.至于說到外匯儲備，中國是世界上外匯儲備最多的國家。合理的外匯儲備規模到底需要多少，這有一個實踐探索的過程。總之，我們的外匯儲備是充裕的，是足以支付進口和滿足短期償債需要的，遠遠高于國際標準。

China still has the largest foreign exchange reserves among all countries in the world.As to what is the right size for our foreign exchange reserves, I believe that will continue to be up for exploration.All in all, China has ample foreign exchange reserves for meeting relevant needs, like paying for imports or paying off its short-term external debts.And China’s foreign exchange reserves are way above the international standard.說到我們對于用匯進行真實性、合規性審查，實際上這是法律法規早就規定的。我在這里明確，企業正常的用匯、居民到國外求學旅游等的合理用匯是有保證的。人民幣在國際貨幣體系中是有分量的，匯率會保持基本穩定。

As for our recent authenticity and compliance review of the use of foreign currency, that has been a legal provision for a long time, not something new.I want to emphasize that the need of our businesses for normal use of foreign currency and that of individuals to study or travel overseas is assured.The RMB has solid weight in the international monetary system and the RMB exchange rate will remain generally stable.【路透社記者】今年中國政府準備進一步減少無效供給，擴大有效供給。在這一過程中，政府需要確保下崗工人能找到新的工作，并確保他們的生計。如果我是一名礦工或是鋼廠工人，我能在本省找到什么樣的新工作呢？今年預計哪些部門會出現工作崗位增加？

【Reuters】This year, the Chinese government will further reduce ineffective supply and expand effective supply.While doing that, the government needs to ensure that laid-off workers will be re-employed and their basic living needs will be met.If I were a miner or a worker of a steel plant, what kind of new jobs can I expect to get in my province? In what sectors do you expect an increase in job opportunities?

【李克強】你把就業問題更加人性化、個性化了。去年，我們推動供給側結構性改革的一個重要任務就是化解鋼鐵、煤炭行業的過剩和落后產能，我們最關心的就是在去產能過程中如何安置好職工。所以中央財政拿了1000億元專項資金用于員工轉崗安置，并且要求地方政府配套。去年，有72萬多去過剩產能過程中的職工得到了妥善安置，當然，還有一些職工因為多種因素沒有到新的就業崗位上，包括有的職工和企業有比較深的感情，想多留一段，但他們的生活都是有著落的。

Premier Li Keqiang: You have given the employment issue a human face.Last year, we took vigorous efforts to cut excessive and outdated capacity in steel and coal sectors as a priority task for supply-side structural reform.A key concern for us in this process is the proper resettlement of laid-off workers.The central government has earmarked 100 billion yuan in a special fund to provide assistance to them and asked local governments to set up matching funds.Last year, proper arrangements were made for 720,000 workers who were laid off as a result of cutting overcapacity.For various reasons, there are still workers yet to find new jobs.In some cases, given the strong attachment between the workers and their employers, some may prefer to stay on a bit longer with their former employers.Still, their essential living needs are provided for.今年去產能還要擴大到煤電領域，加上去年一些還沒安置的職工，累計可能會有近百萬人需要安置。我們的辦法還是創造新的崗位，因為我們在推動發展新動能。剛才我講了―雙創‖帶動了大量新的就業，實際上也轉移了許多傳統動能的就業，新舊動能轉換為傳統產業帶來了新的活力和生機，催生了新的就業崗位。當然我們沒有掉以輕心，還會繼續運用好專項基金，并要求地方政府做好配套。同時，企業也要盡社會責任。

This year, effort to cut overcapacity will be extended to the coal-fired power generation sector.Factoring in the number carried over from last year, we need to provide assistance to nearly one million people in total.The key is to continue to generate new jobs, including through our efforts to foster new drivers of growth.As I said before, the initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation has both created a lot of new jobs and stimulated job creation in traditional sectors, which has helped to revive these industries.We will not relent our efforts and will continue to put to effective use the central government special fund complemented by funding from local governments.At the same time, businesses also need to fulfill their social responsibilities.如果你是一名煤礦工人，這個礦被淘汰，或者暫時停產了，我看你有很強的、靈活的就業能力，我建議你到新動能企業去，或者到老動能中產生的新職業中去。而且中國很多企業是有企業文化的，他們對老職工有感情，去新崗位就業了，企業仍然還會給一些補貼，扶上馬、送一程。總而言之，把職工安置好，是我們推進供給側結構性改革、推動化解和淘汰過剩產能中最關鍵的問題。

So if you were a coal miner, your mine is going to be closed or its production suspended, and you are capable of flexible employment, I will advise you to find a job in sectors with new drivers of growth or move to new jobs generated in the upgraded traditional industries.Moreover, Chinese companies, whose corporate culture encourages close employer-employee relationships, will continue to provide subsidies to their loyal employees for some time to give them a leg-up.All in all, easing the transition for laid-off workers will remain our top concern in cutting overcapacity and pursuing the supply-side structural reform.【澎湃新聞記者】今年兩會前夕，中國政府網聯合27家網絡媒體共同發起―我向總理說句話‖建言征集活動，澎湃新聞和今日頭條就其中與民生密切相關問題進行了網上投票。到目前，已經有2131萬網友投給了―房屋產權70年到期后怎么辦？‖，排第一位。請問總理，國家準備怎么解決這一問題？

【ThePaper.cn】In the run-up to this year’s two Sessions, the Chinese government’s portal website, together with 27 online media outlets, conducted an online survey on the theme of ―What I wish to say to the Premier‖ to solicit public comments and suggestions for the government.Viewers were further requested by ThePaper.cn and Toutiao.com to vote on entries on people’s daily lives.The question of ―what will happen to my home when the 70-year term of land use right expires‖, has received the most votes, or 21.31 million in total.My question is, what will the government do to address this public concern?

【李克強】中國有句古話：有恒產者有恒心。包括網民在內的廣大群眾，對70年住宅土地使用權到期續期問題普遍關心是可以理解的。國務院已經要求有關部門作了回應，就是可以續期，不需申請，沒有前置條件，也不影響交易。當然，也可能有人說，你們只是說，有法律保障嗎？我在這里強調，國務院已經責成相關部門就不動產保護相關法律抓緊研究提出議案。

Premier Li Keqiang: Our ancestors believe that one shall have his peace of mind when he possesses a piece of land.So it’s understandable for internet users and other members of the general public to feel concerned about the expiry of the 70-year term land use right of their residences.The State Council had asked the relevant departments to respond to these concerns.Specifically, the term can be renewed, and no application or pre-set conditions needs to be filed or met.And the expiry will not affect any transactions over the property.Some people may wonder whether there will be legal safeguards for this right.I want to tell you that the State Council has entrusted relevant departments to speed up their study on relevant laws and come up with a proposal.【泰國《經理報》記者】奧巴馬總統任職期間提出了―亞太再平衡‖的戰略，特朗普政府現在正在制定對亞洲外交政策，泰國和其他東南亞國家都希望本地區保持和平和穩定，不愿意看到中美在這一地區發生沖突，更不愿意在其中―選邊站隊‖。您怎么看中國在亞太地區發揮的作用？中國對于本地區理想化的秩序和規則是怎樣的？中美如何在這個地區繼續和平共處？

【Manager Daily of Thailand】The Obama administration adopted a rebalancing policy towards the Asia-Pacific region while the Trump administration is yet to spell out its policy in Asia.Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia hope this region maintains peace and stability.We don’t want to see any conflict between China and the US here, even more reluctant to take sides.How do you view China’s present role in the Asia-Pacific region? What is China’s ideal order and role for the region? How can China and the US live in peace in this region?

【李克強】亞太地區是地區國家共有的家園，我們不希望、也不愿意看到冷戰思維下所謂―選邊站隊‖的事情發生，有什么事情要按是非曲直來說話，總的還是要維護亞太地區的和平和穩定。在亞太地區，我們始終把東盟作為中國周邊外交的優先方向，支持東盟共同體建設，在區域合作中發揮中心地位作用。我們希望看到的亞太地區是一個穩定、有秩序的地區，是一個可以協商一致達成原則的地區，是一個有能力管控分歧的地區，也是一個有智慧解決爭端的地區。

Premier Li Keqiang: The Asia-Pacific is the common home for all countries in this region.China does not want to see any party feeling compelled to choose sides under the influence of the Cold-War mentality.We believe regional affairs should be handled on the merits of each case and in a way that is conducive to continued peace and stability.As for ASEAN, we always put ASEAN in a priority position in China’s neighborhood diplomacy, and support ASEAN community building and its centrality in regional cooperation.China hopes to see an Asia-Pacific that enjoys order and stability, that is able to build consensus through consultation and properly manage differences, and has the wisdom to resolve disputes.中國和東盟正在推進《南海行為準則》磋商，已經取得了實質性進展，我們還會繼續積極推進。我們希望維護南海的和平穩定，有關爭端由當事方直接對話解決，各方共同維護地區的和平穩定與發展。

China and ASEAN have been pushing forward the consultation on a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea.Substantive progress has been made in this regard and we will keep working on that.It is our hope that peace and stability in the South China Sea could be maintained, specific disputes be resolved through dialogue by the parties directly concerned and all countries in the region work together for peace, stability and development.中美在亞太地區合作多年了，我們有許多合作的交匯點。不少美國跨國公司把亞太地區銷售總部放在中國，我們希望中美合作的共同利益不斷擴大，使東盟國家能從中得到機遇，而不是感到麻煩。

For years, China and the United States have been cooperating in many areas in the Asia-Pacific region.Many US multinationals place their Asia-Pacific headquarters in China.We hope that the areas of cooperation between the two countries will continue to widen, providing more opportunities for ASEAN countries instead of being a cause of concern for them.【新華社記者】我們在調研采訪中了解到，現在一些企業抱怨稅費負擔過重，辛苦半天也掙不了多少錢。也有消費者抱怨，很多高品質的產品在國內生產不了。請問總理，您對此怎么看？有什么進一步改進的政策措施？

【Xinhua News Agency】We’ve discovered that there is growing complaint on the part of businesses about the heavy burden of taxes and fees.They say that even with hard work, they couldn’t make much money.And we’ve also heard complaints from Chinese consumers that some high-end goods are not yet domestically made.What is your response to their complaints, Mr.Premier? And what steps will the government take to resolve the issue?

【李克強】我在政府工作報告中用了很多篇幅提出了許多措施來強調，今年要推進更大力度的減稅降費，特別是那些名目繁多、企業不堪重負的行政事業性收費。這些收費本來是有用途的，有的是用來―養人‖的，減少收費，那政府就要過緊日子。我明確提出，中央政府要帶頭，一般性支出一律減少5%以上。我在參加代表團討論時，許多地方政府也都有這樣的表示。我們就是要用政府的―痛‖換來企業的―順‖，讓企業輕裝上陣，提高競爭力。我們還要通過像降網費、電費、物流成本等措施，力爭今年減稅降費能夠達到萬億元人民幣。當然，根本上還要降低制度性交易成本。

Premier Li Keqiang: I devoted a significant portion of my government work report on further cutting taxes and fees, particularly the myriad of excessive administrative fees that are exacting a heavy burden on businesses.These fees are used to cover certain expenses, such as keeping up some payrolls.To cut down fees, the government must tighten its belt.I have made it clear that the central government will take the lead in doing so and cut its general expenditures by no less than 5% this year.And in my discussions with officials from local governments, they all agreed that this is what they also need to do.So we will use this painful adjustment on the part of the government to make things easier for businesses to enhance their competitiveness.Furthermore, we will take steps this year to cut broadband, electricity and logistics costs.Our goal is to bring down taxes and fees by up to one trillion RMB yuan.A most fundamental measure is to reduce government-imposed transaction cost.至于消費者抱怨中國的一些產品質量不優，這說明我們的企業需要讓產品進入質量時代，這也是供給側結構性改革的重要內容。我們實施《中國制造2025》，就是要提升企業產品和裝備的質量。國際上有一種輿論，說是不是中國會減少進口，開放有所收縮，這是誤解。提高中國產品的質量，促進產業邁向中高端，必然要更大地打開開放的大門，更多地引進國外先進技術和產品。當然我們會嚴格保護知識產權，讓中外企業雙贏。對于普通消費者所需要的一些優質產品一時供給不上，我們還可能考慮降低關稅、增加進口。總之，要讓消費者有更多選擇，從中受惠。更重要的是讓我們的企業下決心，通過發揚工匠精神，使自己的產品贏得消費者的信賴。

As for the complaints of some Chinese consumers about the quality of domestically made goods, I believe this is an important message to all Chinese businesses to enhance quality control.It is also an important part of the supply-side structural reform.We’ve launched the Made in China 2025 strategy, which aims to raise the quality of Chinese products and equipment.Some people question if that means China will reduce import and retreat in its opening-up.That is a misunderstanding.On the contrary, raising our own products’ quality and upgrading our own industries to a medium-high level would actually require us to open even wider to the outside world and introduce more advanced technologies and products.In this process, we will see to it that intellectual property rights will be well protected for the benefit of their proprietors.As for those high-end products which cannot be manufactured locally for the time being, we may consider lowering tariffs to boost import.In a word, we need to give our consumers more options and more benefits, and most importantly, harden the resolve of Chinese companies to win over consumers with their commitment to high quality and workermanship.【臺灣《聯合報》記者】去年以來兩岸關系越來越復雜嚴峻，前景令人擔憂。面對這樣的形勢，大陸如何維護兩岸關系的和平發展，以及兩岸同胞的福祉？

【United Daily News of Taiwan】Over the past year, relations across the Taiwan Straits have become complex and grave with an uncertain future.Under such circumstances, what will the mainland do to uphold peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and safeguard the well-being of people on both sides?

【李克強】兩岸是骨肉同胞，血濃于水。不管島內形勢如何變化，都割斷不了兩岸的親情，改變不了兩岸同屬一個中國的歷史和現狀，也改變不了我們維護兩岸關系和平發展的決心和誠意。

Premier Li Keqiang: People on the two sides of the Taiwan Straits are brothers and sisters.Blood is thicker than water.No matter how the situation on Taiwan may evolve, it cannot sever the fraternal bond between the two sides, or change the history or the reality that both sides of the Taiwan Straits belong to one and the same China.Nor will it weaken our resolve and sincerity for peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.我們對臺方針是一貫的、明確的，就是要堅持體現一個中國原則的―九二共識‖政治基礎，堅決反對―臺獨‖，維護臺海和平，維護兩岸關系和平發展，增進兩岸同胞的福祉。Our policy towards Taiwan has been consistent and clear-cut, that is, we will stick to the political foundation of the 1992 Consensus, which embodies the one-China principle, firmly oppose Taiwan independence, uphold peace across the Taiwan Straits and peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and improve the well-being of people on both sides.兩岸的和平發展確實給兩岸同胞帶來了很多新的機遇。據不完全統計，每年大概有500萬臺灣同胞往返于大陸和島內。我們會出臺更多政策讓臺灣同胞在大陸就業、創業、工作、生活，享受一家人一樣的便利條件。對臺商來大陸投資，我們是歡迎的。我記得去年在記者會上曾經有人提出，希望繼續保持對臺商投資的優惠政策。我重申：我們會繼續提供優惠，讓臺商、臺灣同胞和大陸一起共享發展的機遇。終歸我們是一家人。

The peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations has brought new opportunities for people on both sides.According to current statistics, people on Taiwan make 5 million visits across the Straits every year.We will introduce more policies to provide more convenience for people in Taiwan to work and live on the mainland as family.We welcome investment from Taiwan businesses.I recall that at last year’s press conference, I was asked whether the mainland will keep preferential policies toward Taiwan businesses.I wish to reiterate here that such policies will be maintained to enable Taiwan businesses and people to share in China’s development opportunities with their compatriots on the mainland.After all, we are one family.【法蘭西廣播公司記者】歐盟是中國第二大貿易伙伴，但歐盟對華貿易赤字高達1370億歐元，這是歐方的統計數字。所以歐盟一些企業對此頗有微詞。請問中國如何進一步改進對歐企業的市場準入，以及對于外商投資給予更好的對等待遇？

【Radio France】 The European Union is China’s second largest commercial partner with a trade deficit of 137 billion euros in favor of China and a large number of European businesses complain about that.What is China proposing to improve market access condition for European businesses? And what about better reciprocity of foreign investments?

【李克強】你剛才說的中歐貿易逆差是歐方的統計，講的很正確。當然，中方從不刻意追求貿易順差，而且希望看到貿易平衡，否則不可持續。如果說賺錢的話，我想歐洲企業在中國不僅有錢可賺，而且還是賺大頭，因為你們處于價值鏈的高端。如果你們歐洲放寬對華高技術出口，那貿易不平衡的狀況就會有明顯改善。

Premier Li Keqiang: You rightly referred to the trade deficit figure as EU statistics.The fact of the matter is, China never goes after trade surpluses.What we want is balanced trade, as unbalanced trade would not be sustainable.Talking about profits, I think European companies have not just earned profits in China, but have also taken the lion’s share of such profits, as they are at the higher end of the industrial chain.If the EU could ease its restrictions on high-tech exports to China, I believe that would make a big difference in our trade balance.中國提出和歐盟推進投資協定談判，希望能夠得到積極的回應。有一個高水平的雙邊投資協定，那必將會有助于雙方擴大相互開放。即便暫時沒有這個協定，我們也會不斷擴大對歐盟企業的準入，讓歐盟企業在華投資和中國企業一樣，只要注冊了，就一視同仁。中歐之間存在貿易摩擦，我們有經驗去妥善解決。我這里特別強調，中國始終愿意看到一個團結繁榮穩定的歐盟和強大的歐元，支持歐洲一體化進程，因為這有利于經濟全球化、世界多極化和文明多樣化。我對歐盟的前景是樂觀的，我們對中歐關系的發展前景也是看好的。

China has proposed to the EU to push forward the BIT negotiations.We hope to receive a positive response.A high-standard BIT will help two-way opening-up between the two sides.And pending that, we will continue to widen market access for European businesses and ensure that European-invested companies registered in China receive the same treatment as domestic Chinese enterprises.With respect to trade frictions between the two sides, we have gained good experience in properly addressing them.Here, I want to emphasize that China has all along supported a united, prosperous and stable European Union, a strong euro, and the European integration process.We believe that is good for economic globalization, for a multipolar world and for diversity of civilizations.We feel optimistic about the future of the EU and the future of China-EU relations.【《新京報》記者】這幾年霧霾成了百姓心中的一個痛點，嚴重地影響了大家的生活，但是每當重大活動來的時候藍天也就回來了，大家都興高采烈地拍照、刷朋友圈。請問總理，怎么樣才能讓持續的藍天不再是奢侈品呢？

【Beijing News】In recent years, smog has caused great public concern and severely affected people’s lives.Yet we also discover that whenever a major event is held, the smog would disappear and people would take pictures of blue skies and post them online with much excitement.So I want to ask you, Mr.Premier, what can you do to make sure that blue skies are no longer a luxury?

【李克強】霧霾問題的確是百姓的痛點。藍天和空氣一樣，對每個人都是平等的，我們在座的各位都希望看到更多的藍天，但中國在發展過程中確實遇到了環保特別是霧霾問題的挑戰。我在政府工作報告當中講了五條措施，會堅定地向前推進，真正打一場―藍天保衛戰‖。但是也坦率地告訴各位，這需要有一個過程。

Premier Li Keqiang: I fully understand that the smog is a huge irritant in people’s lives.Like air, blue skies treat everyone equally.We all want to see more blue-sky days.In the course of development, China is confronted with severe environmental challenges, smog in particular.In my government work report, I laid out five key measures for smog control and we will push them through with full determination to fight and win the battle on smog.But to be honest with you, that will take time.我們治理霧霾目前重點對著燃煤、尾氣排放、揚塵等，但今年我參加兩會討論的時候，有科學家說，除此之外還有其他很重要的因素，霧霾的形成機理我們還沒完全搞透。他說中國北方冬季的霧霾成因在全世界都是特殊的，當然，這個因素我不便在這兒講，科學家還要做充分的論證。但是，我想明確，國家為此將設立專項基金，不惜重金組織最優秀的相關科學家攻關，抓緊把霧霾形成的未知因素找出來，使治理霧霾更加有效。

The main targets for smog control would be to tackle coal-burning, vehicle emissions and dust.In addition, during this year’s Two Sessions, I was told by a scientist that apart from these obvious causes, we have not yet fully understood how smog is formed, which is as important.He said, the smog in Northern China during winter is unique compared to that in other parts of the world.Of course, this is not the proper venue to expand on this subject, and the scientists will have to conduct further research.But one thing I can tell you is that we will set up a special fund to bring in the best scientists to dig into this matter regardless of cost and uncover the unknown factors to make our campaign against smog more effective.大自然的陰晴風雨不是人類能支配的，但是我們可以支配我們的行為，可以轉變我們的發展方式。我和大家的心情一樣，霧霾要治理，藍天在未來不會也不應該成為奢侈品。

We may not be able to control the weather, but we can adjust our behavior and our way of development.I feel the same way as you all do.Smog must be put under control and blue skies should no longer be a luxury, nor will it be.【《中國消費者報》記者】今天是―3·15‖，請總理給消費者說幾句話。

China Consumer News: Today is the Consumers’ Rights Day.Can you say a few words to consumers, Mr.Premier?

【李克強】我和大家一樣都是消費者，都需要權益保護，用網絡語言說：我們要給優質產品―點贊‖，把不良奸商―拉黑‖。大家共同努力，讓我們的優質產品一天一天多起來，讓我們的生活一年比一年好。

Premier Li Keqiang: You and I are all consumers, and we all need protection of our rights.To use popular Internet language, we should give ―thumbs-up‖ to quality products and ―blacklist‖ those bad traders.With joint efforts, we will enjoy more quality products and a better life year after year.

第四篇：李克強總理工作報告

李克強:

一、2014年工作回顧

各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

過去一年，我國發展面臨的國際國內環境復雜嚴峻。全球經濟復蘇艱難曲折，主要經濟體走勢分化。國內經濟下行壓力持續加大，多重困難和挑戰相互交織。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民萬眾一心，克難攻堅，完成了全年經濟社會發展主要目標任務，全面深化改革實現良好開局，全面從嚴治黨取得新進展，全面推進依法治國開啟新征程，全面建成小康社會又邁出堅實步伐。

一年來，我國經濟社會發展總體平穩，穩中有進。“穩”的主要標志是，經濟運行處于合理區間。增速穩，國內生產總值達到63.6萬億元，比上年增長7.4%，在世界主要經濟體中名列前茅。

就業穩，城鎮新增就業1322萬人，高于上年。價格穩，居民消費價格上漲2%。“進”的總體特征是，發展的協調性和可持續性增強。經濟結構有新的優化，糧食產量達到1.21萬億斤，消費對經濟增長的貢獻率上升3個百分點，達到51.2%，服務業增加值比重由46.9%提高到48.2%，新產業、新業態、新商業模式不斷涌現。

中西部地區經濟增速快于東部地區。發展質量有新的提升，一般公共預算收入增長8.6%，研究與試驗發展經費支出與國內生產總值之比超過2%，能耗強度下降4.8%，是近年來最大降幅。

人民生活有新的改善，全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長8%，快于經濟增長；農村居民人均可支配收入實際增長9.2%，快于城鎮居民收入增長；農村貧困人口減少1232萬人；6600多萬農村人口飲水安全問題得到解決；出境旅游超過1億人次。改革開放有新的突破，全面深化改革系列重點任務啟動實施，本屆政府減少1/3行政審批事項的目標提前實現。這份成績單的確來之不易，它凝聚著全國各族人民的心血和汗水，堅定了我們奮勇前行的決心和信心。

過去一年，困難和挑戰比預想的大。我們迎難而上，主要做了以下工作。

一是在區間調控基礎上實施定向調控，保持經濟穩定增長。面對經濟下行壓力加大態勢，我們保持戰略定力，穩定宏觀經濟政策，沒有采取短期強刺激措施，而是繼續創新宏觀調控思路和方式，實行定向調控，激活力、補短板、強實體。把握經濟運行合理區間的上下限，抓住發展中的突出矛盾和結構性問題，定向施策，聚焦靶心，精準發力。向促改革要動力，向調結構要助力，向惠民生要潛力，既擴大市場需求，又增加有效供給，努力做到結構調優而不失速。

有效實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。實行定向減稅和普遍性降費，拓寬小微企業稅收優惠政策范圍，擴大“營改增”試點。加快財政支出進度，積極盤活存量資金。靈活運用貨幣政策工具，采取定向降準、定向再貸款、非對稱降息等措施，加大對經濟社會發展薄弱環節的支持力度，小微企業、“三農”貸款增速比各項貸款平均增速分別高4.2和0.7個百分點。同時，完善金融監管，堅決守住不發生區域性系統性風險的底線。

李克強: 二是深化改革開放，激發經濟社會發展活力。針對束縛發展的體制機制障礙，我們通過全面深化改革，以釋放市場活力對沖經濟下行壓力，啃了不少硬骨頭，經濟、政治、文化、社會、生態文明等體制改革全面推進。

扎實推動重點改革。制定并實施深化財稅體制改革總體方案，預算管理制度和稅制改革取得重要進展，專項轉移支付項目比上年減少1/3以上，一般性轉移支付比重增加，地方政府性債務管理得到加強。存款利率和匯率浮動區間擴大，民營銀行試點邁出新步伐，“滬港通”試點啟動，外匯儲備、保險資金運用范圍拓展。能源、交通、環保、通信等領域價格改革加快。啟動科技資金管理、考試招生、戶籍、機關事業單位養老保險制度等改革。

繼續把簡政放權、放管結合作為改革的重頭戲。國務院各部門全年取消和下放246項行政審批事項，取消評比達標表彰項目29項、職業資格許可和認定事項149項，再次修訂投資項目核準目錄，大幅縮減核準范圍。著力改革商事制度，新登記注冊市場主體達到1293萬戶，其中新登記注冊企業增長45.9%，形成新的創業熱潮。經濟增速放緩，新增就業不降反增，顯示了改革的巨大威力和市場的無限潛力。

以開放促改革促發展。擴展上海自由貿易試驗區范圍，新設廣東、天津、福建自由貿易試驗區。穩定出口，增加進口，出口占國際市場份額繼續提升。實際使用外商直接投資1196億美元，居世界首位。對外直接投資1029億美元，與利用外資并駕齊驅。中國與冰島、瑞士自貿區啟動實施，中韓、中澳自貿區完成實質性談判。鐵路、電力、油氣、通信等領域對外合作取得重要成果，中國裝備正大步走向世界。

三是加大結構調整力度，增強發展后勁。在結構性矛盾突出的情況下，我們積極作為，有扶有控，多辦當前急需又利長遠的事，夯實經濟社會發展根基。

不斷鞏固農業基礎。加大強農惠農富農政策力度，實現糧食產量“十一連增”、農民收入“五連快”。農業綜合生產能力穩步提高，農業科技和機械化水平持續提升，重大水利工程建設進度加快，新增節水灌溉面積3345萬畝，新建改建農村公路23萬公里。新一輪退耕還林還草啟動實施。農村土地確權登記頒證有序進行，農業新型經營主體加快成長。

大力調整產業結構。著力培育新的增長點，促進服務業加快發展，支持發展移動互聯網、集成電路、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車等戰略性新興產業，互聯網金融異軍突起，電子商務、物流快遞等新業態快速成長，眾多“創客”脫穎而出，文化創意產業蓬勃發展。同時，繼續化解過剩產能，鋼鐵、水泥等15個重點行業淘汰落后產能任務如期完成。加強霧霾治理，淘汰黃標車和老舊車指標超額完成。

推進基礎設施建設和區域協調發展。京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶建設取得重要進展。新建鐵路投產里程8427公里，高速鐵路運營里程達1.6萬公里，占世界的60%以上。高速公路通車里程達11.2萬公里，水路、民航、管道建設進一步加強。農網改造穩步進行。寬帶用戶超過7.8億戶。經過多年努力，南水北調中線一期工程正式通水，惠及沿線億萬群眾。

實施創新驅動發展戰略。著力打通科技成果轉化通道，擴大中關村國家自主創新示范區試點政策實施范圍，推進科技資源開放共享，科技人員創新活力不斷釋放。超級計算、探月工程、衛星應用等重大科研項目取得新突破，我國自主研制的支線客機飛上藍天。

四是織密織牢民生保障網，增進人民福祉。我們堅持以人為本，持續增加民生投入，保基本、兜底線、建機制，盡管財政收入增速放緩、支出壓力加大，但財政用于民生的比例達到70%以上。

加強就業和社會保障。完善就業促進政策，推出創業引領計劃，高校畢業生就業穩中有升。統一城鄉居民基本養老保險制度，企業退休人員基本養老金水平又提高10%。新開工保障性安居工程740萬套，基本建成511萬套。全面建立臨時救助制度，城鄉低保標準分別提高9.97%和14.1%，殘疾軍人、烈屬和老復員軍人等優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準提高20%以上。

繼續促進教育公平。加強貧困地區義務教育薄弱學校建設，提高家庭經濟困難學生資助水平，國家助學貸款資助標準大幅上調。中等職業學校免學費補助政策擴大到三年。實行義務教育免試就近入學政策，28個省份實現了農民工隨遷子女在流入地參加高考。貧困地區農村學生上重點高校人數連續兩年增長10%以上。經過努力，全國財政性教育經費支出占國內生產總值比例超過4%。

深入推進醫藥衛生改革發展。城鄉居民大病保險試點擴大到所有省份，疾病應急救助制度基本建立，全民醫保覆蓋面超過95%。基層醫療衛生機構綜合改革深化，縣鄉村服務網絡逐步完善。公立醫院改革試點縣市達到1300多個。

積極發展文化事業和文化產業。推動重大文化惠民項目建設，廣播電視“村村通”工程向“戶戶通”升級。實施文藝精品戰略，完善現代文化市場體系。群眾健身活動蓬勃開展，成功舉辦南京青奧會。五是創新社會治理，促進和諧穩定。我們妥善應對自然災害和突發事件，有序化解社會矛盾，建立健全機制，強化源頭防范，保障人民生命安全，維護良好的社會秩序。

去年云南魯甸、景谷等地發生較強地震，我們及時高效展開抗震救災，災后恢復重建順利推進。積極援非抗擊埃博拉疫情，有效防控疫情輸入。加強安全生產工作，事故總量、重特大事故、重點行業事故持續下降。著力治理餐桌污染，食品藥品安全形勢總體穩定。

我們大力推進依法行政，國務院提請全國人大常委會制定修訂食品安全法等法律15件，制定修訂企業信息公示暫行條例等行政法規38件。政務公開深入推進，政府重大決策和政策以多種形式向社會廣泛征求意見。完成第三次全國經濟普查。改革信訪工作制度。法律援助范圍從低保群體擴大到低收入群體。加強城鄉社區建設，行業協會商會等四類社會組織實現直接登記。嚴厲打擊各類犯罪活動，強化社會治安綜合治理，維護了國家安全和公共安全。

我們嚴格落實黨中央八項規定精神，持之以恒糾正“四風”。嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”，政府性樓堂館所、機關事業單位人員編制、“三公”經費得到有效控制。加大行政監察和審計監督力度，推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭，嚴肅查處違紀違法案件，一批腐敗分子得到應有懲處。

我們狠抓重大政策措施的落實，認真開展督查，引入第三方評估和社會評價，建立長效機制，有力促進了各項工作。

一年來，外交工作成果豐碩。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席二十國集團領導人峰會、金磚國家領導人會晤、上海合作組織峰會、東亞合作領導人系列會議、亞歐首腦會議、達沃斯論壇等重大活動。成功舉辦亞太經合組織第二十二次領導人非正式會議、亞信會議第四次峰會、博鰲亞洲論壇。積極參與多邊機制建立和國際規則制定。大國外交穩中有進，周邊外交呈現新局面，同發展中國家合作取得新進展，經濟外交成果顯著。推進絲綢之路經濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路建設，籌建亞洲基礎設施投資銀行，設立絲路基金。我們與各國的交往合作越來越緊密，中國在國際舞臺上負責任大國形象日益彰顯。

李克強: 各位代表!一年來取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央統攬全局、科學決策的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民共同努力、不懈奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝!向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝!向關心和支持中國現代化建設事業的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝!今天是元宵佳節，在這里向各位代表和委員致以節日問候，并且預祝全國人民幸福安康！我們既要看到成績，更要看到前進中的困難和挑戰。投資增長乏力，新的消費熱點不多，國際市場沒有大的起色，穩增長難度加大，一些領域仍存在風險隱患。工業產品價格持續下降，生產要素成本上升，小微企業融資難融資貴問題突出，部分企業生產經營困難。經濟發展方式比較粗放，創新能力不足，產能過剩問題突出，農業基礎薄弱。群眾對醫療、養老、住房、交通、教育、收入分配、食品安全、社會治安等還有不少不滿意的地方。有些地方環境污染嚴重，重大安全事故時有發生。政府工作還存在不足，有些政策措施落實不到位。少數政府機關工作人員亂作為，一些腐敗問題觸目驚心，有的為官不為，在其位不謀其政，該辦的事不辦。我們要直面問題，安不忘危，治不忘亂，勇于擔當，不辱歷史使命，不負人民重托。

李克強:

二、2015年工作總體部署

我國是世界上最大的發展中國家，仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，發展是硬道理，是解決一切問題的基礎和關鍵。化解各種矛盾和風險，跨越“中等收入陷阱”，實現現代化，根本要靠發展，發展必須有合理的增長速度。同時，我國經濟發展進入新常態，正處在爬坡過坎的關口，體制機制弊端和結構性矛盾是“攔路虎”，不深化改革和調整經濟結構，就難以實現平穩健康發展。我們必須毫不動搖堅持以經濟建設為中心，切實抓好發展這個執政興國第一要務。必須堅持不懈依靠改革推動科學發展，加快轉變經濟發展方式，實現有質量有效益可持續的發展。

當前，世界經濟正處于深度調整之中，復蘇動力不足，地緣政治影響加重，不確定因素增多，推動增長、增加就業、調整結構成為國際社會共識。我國經濟下行壓力還在加大，發展中深層次矛盾凸顯，今年面臨的困難可能比去年還要大。同時，我國發展仍處于可以大有作為的重要戰略機遇期，有巨大的潛力、韌性和回旋余地。新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化、農業現代化持續推進，發展基礎日益雄厚，改革紅利正在釋放，宏觀調控積累了豐富經驗。我們必須增強憂患意識，堅定必勝信念，牢牢把握發展的主動權。

新的一年是全面深化改革的關鍵之年，是全面推進依法治國的開局之年，也是穩增長調結構的緊要之年。政府工作的總體要求是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中全會精神，貫徹落實總書記系列重要講話精神，主動適應和引領經濟發展新常態，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，保持經濟運行在合理區間，著力提高經濟發展質量和效益，把轉方式調結構放到更加重要位置，狠抓改革攻堅，突出創新驅動，強化風險防控，加強民生保障，處理好改革發展穩定關系，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設，促進經濟平穩健康發展和社會和諧穩定。

李克強: 我們要把握好總體要求，著眼于保持中高速增長和邁向中高端水平“雙目標”，堅持穩政策穩預期和促改革調結構“雙結合”，打造大眾創業、萬眾創新和增加公共產品、公共服務“雙引擎”，推動發展調速不減勢、量增質更優，實現中國經濟提質增效升級。

今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長7%左右，居民消費價格漲幅3%左右，城鎮新增就業1000萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率4.5%以內，進出口增長6%左右，國際收支基本平衡，居民收入增長與經濟發展同步。能耗強度下降3.1%以上，主要污染物排放繼續減少。

經濟增長預期7%左右，考慮了需要和可能，與全面建成小康社會目標相銜接，與經濟總量擴大和結構升級的要求相適應，符合發展規律，符合客觀實際。以這樣的速度保持較長時期發展，實現現代化的物質基礎就會更加雄厚。穩增長也是為了保就業，隨著服務業比重上升、小微企業增多和經濟體量增大，7%左右的速度可以實現比較充分的就業。各地要從實際出發，積極進取、挖掘潛力，努力爭取更好結果。

李克強: 做好今年政府工作，要把握好以下三點。

第一，穩定和完善宏觀經濟政策。繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，更加注重預調微調，更加注重定向調控，用好增量，盤活存量，重點支持薄弱環節。以微觀活力支撐宏觀穩定，以供給創新帶動需求擴大，以結構調整促進總量平衡，確保經濟運行在合理區間。

積極的財政政策要加力增效。今年擬安排財政赤字1.62萬億元，比去年增加2700億元，赤字率從去年的2.1%提高到2.3%。其中，中央財政赤字1.12萬億元，增加1700億元；地方財政赤字5000億元，增加1000億元。處理好債務管理與穩增長的關系，創新和完善地方政府舉債融資機制。適當發行專項債券。保障符合條件的在建項目后續融資，防范和化解風險隱患。優化財政支出結構，大力盤活存量資金，提高使用效率。繼續實行結構性減稅和普遍性降費，進一步減輕企業特別是小微企業負擔。

穩健的貨幣政策要松緊適度。廣義貨幣M2預期增長12%左右，在實際執行中，根據經濟發展需要，也可以略高些。加強和改善宏觀審慎管理，靈活運用公開市場操作、利率、存款準備金率、再貸款等貨幣政策工具，保持貨幣信貸和社會融資規模平穩增長。加快資金周轉，優化信貸結構，提高直接融資比重，降低社會融資成本，讓更多的金融活水流向實體經濟。

第二，保持穩增長與調結構的平衡。我國發展面臨“三期疊加”矛盾，資源環境約束加大，勞動力等要素成本上升，高投入、高消耗、偏重數量擴張的發展方式已經難以為繼，必須推動經濟在穩定增長中優化結構。既要穩住速度，確保經濟平穩運行，確保居民就業和收入持續增加，為調結構轉方式創造有利條件；又要調整結構，夯實穩增長的基礎。要增加研發投入，提高全要素生產率，加強質量、標準和品牌建設，促進服務業和戰略性新興產業比重提高、水平提升，優化經濟發展空間格局，加快培育新的增長點和增長極，實現在發展中升級、在升級中發展。

第三，培育和催生經濟社會發展新動力。當前經濟增長的傳統動力減弱，必須加大結構性改革力度，加快實施創新驅動發展戰略，改造傳統引擎，打造新引擎。一方面，增加公共產品和服務供給，加大政府對教育、衛生等的投入，鼓勵社會參與，提高供給效率。這既能補短板、惠民生，也有利于擴需求、促發展。

李克強: 另一方面，推動大眾創業、萬眾創新。這既可以擴大就業、增加居民收入，又有利于促進社會縱向流動和公平正義。我國有13億人口、9億勞動力資源，人民勤勞而智慧，蘊藏著無窮的創造力，千千萬萬個市場細胞活躍起來，必將匯聚成發展的巨大動能，一定能夠頂住經濟下行壓力，讓中國經濟始終充滿勃勃生機。政府要勇于自我革命，給市場和社會留足空間，為公平競爭搭好舞臺。個人和企業要勇于創業創新，全社會要厚植創業創新文化，讓人們在創造財富的過程中，更好地實現精神追求和自身價值。

今年是“十二五”收官之年，我們要在完成“十二五”經濟社會發展主要目標任務的同時，以改革的精神、創新的理念和科學的方法，做好“十三五”規劃綱要編制工作，謀劃好未來五年的發展藍圖。

李克強:

三、把改革開放扎實推向縱深

改革開放是推動發展的制勝法寶。必須以經濟體制改革為重點全面深化改革，統籌兼顧，真抓實干，在牽動全局的改革上取得新突破，增強發展新動能。

加大簡政放權、放管結合改革力度。今年再取消和下放一批行政審批事項，全部取消非行政許可審批，建立規范行政審批的管理制度。深化商事制度改革，進一步簡化注冊資本登記，逐步實現“三證合一”，清理規范中介服務。制定市場準入負面清單，公布省級政府權力清單、責任清單，切實做到法無授權不可為、法定職責必須為。

地方政府對應當放給市場和社會的權力，要徹底放、不截留，對上級下放的審批事項，要接得住、管得好。加強事中事后監管，健全為企業和社會服務一張網，推進社會信用體系建設，建立全國統一的社會信用代碼制度和信用信息共享交換平臺，依法保護企業和個人信息安全。大道至簡，有權不可任性。各級政府都要建立簡政放權、轉變職能的有力推進機制，給企業松綁，為創業提供便利，營造公平競爭環境。所有行政審批事項都要簡化程序，明確時限，用政府權力的“減法”，換取市場活力的“乘法”。

多管齊下改革投融資體制。大幅縮減政府核準投資項目范圍，下放核準權限。大幅減少投資項目前置審批，實行項目核準網上并聯辦理。大幅放寬民間投資市場準入，鼓勵社會資本發起設立股權投資基金。政府采取投資補助、資本金注入、設立基金等辦法，引導社會資本投入重點項目。以用好鐵路發展基金為抓手，深化鐵路投融資改革。在基礎設施、公用事業等領域，積極推廣政府和社會資本合作模式。

不失時機加快價格改革。改革方向是發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，大幅縮減政府定價種類和項目，具備競爭條件的商品和服務價格原則上都要放開。取消絕大部分藥品政府定價，下放一批基本公共服務收費定價權。擴大輸配電價改革試點，推進農業水價改革，健全節能環保價格政策。完善資源性產品價格，全面實行居民階梯價格制度。同時必須加強價格監管，規范市場秩序，確保低收入群眾基本生活。

推動財稅體制改革取得新進展。實行全面規范、公開透明的預算管理制度，除法定涉密信息外，中央和地方所有部門預決算都要公開，全面接受社會監督。提高國有資本經營預算調入一般公共預算的比例。推行中期財政規劃管理。制定盤活財政存量資金的有效辦法。力爭全面完成“營改增”，調整完善消費稅政策，擴大資源稅從價計征范圍。提請修訂稅收征管法。改革轉移支付制度，完善中央和地方的事權與支出責任，合理調整中央和地方收入劃分。

圍繞服務實體經濟推進金融改革。推動具備條件的民間資本依法發起設立中小型銀行等金融機構，成熟一家，批準一家，不設限額。深化農村信用社改革，穩定其縣域法人地位。發揮好開發性金融、政策性金融在增加公共產品供給中的作用。推出存款保險制度。推進利率市場化改革，健全中央銀行利率調控框架。保持人民幣匯率處于合理均衡水平，增強人民幣匯率雙向浮動彈性。穩步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換，擴大人民幣國際使用，加快建設人民幣跨境支付系統，完善人民幣全球清算服務體系，開展個人投資者境外投資試點，適時啟動“深港通”試點。

加強多層次資本市場體系建設，實施股票發行注冊制改革，發展服務中小企業的區域性股權市場，推進信貸資產證券化，擴大企業債券發行規模，發展金融衍生品市場。推出巨災保險、個人稅收遞延型商業養老保險。創新金融監管，防范和化解金融風險。大力發展普惠金融，讓所有市場主體都能分享金融服務的雨露甘霖。

深化國企國資改革。準確界定不同國有企業功能，分類推進改革。加快國有資本投資公司、運營公司試點，打造市場化運作平臺，提高國有資本運營效率。有序實施國有企業混合所有制改革，鼓勵和規范投資項目引入非國有資本參股。加快電力、油氣等體制改革。多渠道解決企業辦社會負擔和歷史遺留問題，保障職工合法權益。完善現代企業制度，改革和健全企業經營者激勵約束機制。要加強國有資產監管，防止國有資產流失，切實提高國有企業的經營效益。

非公有制經濟是我國經濟的重要組成部分。必須毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，注重發揮企業家才能，全面落實促進民營經濟發展的政策措施，增強各類所有制經濟活力，讓各類企業法人財產權依法得到保護。

繼續推進科技、教育、文化、醫藥衛生、養老保險、事業單位、住房公積金等領域改革。發展需要改革添動力，群眾期盼改革出實效，我們要努力交出一份為發展加力、讓人民受益的改革答卷。

開放也是改革。必須實施新一輪高水平對外開放，加快構建開放型經濟新體制，以開放的主動贏得發展的主動、國際競爭的主動。

推動外貿轉型升級。完善出口退稅負擔機制，增量部分由中央財政全額負擔，讓地方和企業吃上“定心丸”。清理規范進出口環節收費，建立并公開收費項目清單。實施培育外貿競爭新優勢的政策措施，促進加工貿易轉型，發展外貿綜合服務平臺和市場采購貿易，擴大跨境電子商務綜合試點，增加服務外包示范城市數量，提高服務貿易比重。實施更加積極的進口政策，擴大先進技術、關鍵設備、重要零部件等進口。

更加積極有效利用外資。修訂外商投資產業指導目錄，重點擴大服務業和一般制造業開放，把外商投資限制類條目縮減一半。全面推行普遍備案、有限核準的管理制度，大幅下放鼓勵類項目核準權，積極探索準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理模式。修訂外商投資相關法律，健全外商投資監管體系，打造穩定公平透明可預期的營商環境。

加快實施走出去戰略。鼓勵企業參與境外基礎設施建設和產能合作，推動鐵路、電力、通信、工程機械以及汽車、飛機、電子等中國裝備走向世界，促進冶金、建材等產業對外投資。實行以備案制為主的對外投資管理方式。擴大出口信用保險規模，對大型成套設備出口融資應保盡保。拓寬外匯儲備運用渠道，健全金融、信息、法律、領事保護服務。注重風險防范，提高海外權益保障能力。讓中國企業走得出、走得穩，在國際競爭中強筋健骨、發展壯大。

構建全方位對外開放新格局。推進絲綢之路經濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路合作建設。加快互聯互通、大通關和國際物流大通道建設。構建中巴、孟中印緬等經濟走廊。擴大內陸和沿邊開放，促進經濟技術開發區創新發展，提高邊境經濟合作區、跨境經濟合作區發展水平。積極推動上海、廣東、天津、福建自貿試驗區建設，在全國推廣成熟經驗，形成各具特色的改革開放高地。統籌多雙邊和區域開放合作。維護多邊貿易體制，推動信息技術協定擴圍，積極參與環境產品、政府采購等國際談判。加快實施自貿區戰略，盡早簽署中韓、中澳自貿協定，加快中日韓自貿區談判，推動與海合會、以色列等自貿區談判，力爭完成中國－東盟自貿區升級談判和區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定談判，建設亞太自貿區。推進中美、中歐投資協定談判。中國是負責任、敢擔當的國家，我們愿做互利共贏發展理念的踐行者、全球經濟體系的建設者、經濟全球化的推動者。

四、協調推動經濟穩定增長和結構優化

穩增長和調結構相輔相成。我們既要全力保持經濟在合理區間運行，又要積極促進經濟轉型升級、行穩致遠。

加快培育消費增長點。鼓勵大眾消費，控制“三公”消費。促進養老家政健康消費，壯大信息消費，提升旅游休閑消費，推動綠色消費，穩定住房消費，擴大教育文化體育消費。全面推進“三網”融合，加快建設光纖網絡，大幅提升寬帶網絡速率，發展物流快遞，把以互聯網為載體、線上線下互動的新興消費搞得紅紅火火。建立健全消費品質量安全監管、追溯、召回制度，嚴肅查處制售假冒偽劣行為，保護消費者合法權益。擴大消費要匯小溪成大河，讓億萬群眾的消費潛力成為拉動經濟增長的強勁動力。

增加公共產品有效投資。確保完成“十二五”規劃重點建設任務，啟動實施一批新的重大工程項目。主要是：棚戶區和危房改造、城市地下管網等民生項目，中西部鐵路和公路、內河航道等重大交通項目，水利、高標準農田等農業項目，信息、電力、油氣等重大網絡項目，清潔能源及油氣礦產資源保障項目，傳統產業技術改造等項目，節能環保和生態建設項目。

今年中央預算內投資增加到4776億元，但政府不唱“獨角戲”，要更大激發民間投資活力，引導社會資本投向更多領域。鐵路投資要保持在8000億元以上，新投產里程8000公里以上，在全國基本實現高速公路電子不停車收費聯網，使交通真正成為發展的先行官。重大水利工程已開工的57個項目要加快建設，今年再開工27個項目，在建重大水利工程投資規模超過8000億元。棚改、鐵路、水利等投資多箭齊發，重點向中西部地區傾斜，使巨大的內需得到更多釋放。

加快推進農業現代化。堅持“三農”重中之重地位不動搖，加快轉變農業發展方式，讓農業更強、農民更富、農村更美。

今年糧食產量要穩定在1.1萬億斤以上，保障糧食安全和主要農產品供給。堅守耕地紅線，全面開展永久基本農田劃定工作，實施耕地質量保護與提升行動，推進土地整治，增加深松土地2億畝。加強農田水利基本建設，大力發展節水農業。加快新技術、新品種、新農機研發推廣應用。引導農民瞄準市場調整種養結構，支持農產品加工特別是主產區糧食就地轉化，開展糧食作物改為飼料作物試點。綜合治理農藥獸藥殘留問題，全面提高農產品質量和食品安全水平。新農村建設要惠及廣大農民。突出加強水和路的建設，今年再解決6000萬農村人口飲水安全問題，新建改建農村公路20萬公里，全面完成西部邊遠山區溜索改橋任務。力爭讓最后20多萬無電人口都能用上電。以垃圾、污水為重點加強環境治理，建設美麗宜居鄉村。多渠道促進農民增收，保持城鄉居民收入差距縮小勢頭。持續打好扶貧攻堅戰，深入推進集中連片特困地區扶貧開發，實施精準扶貧、精準脫貧。難度再大，今年也要再減少農村貧困人口1000萬人以上。

推進農業現代化，改革是關鍵。要在穩定家庭經營的基礎上，支持種養大戶、家庭農牧場、農民合作社、產業化龍頭企業等新型經營主體發展，培養新型職業農民，推進多種形式適度規模經營。做好土地確權登記頒證工作，審慎開展農村土地征收、集體經營性建設用地入市、宅基地制度、集體產權制度等改革試點。在改革中，要確保耕地數量不減少、質量不下降、農民利益有保障。深化供銷社、農墾、種業、國有林場林區等改革，辦好農村改革試驗區和現代農業示范區。完善糧食最低收購價和臨時收儲政策，改進農產品目標價格補貼辦法。加強涉農資金統籌整合和管理。無論財政多困難，惠農政策只能加強不能削弱，支農資金只能增加不能減少。

推進新型城鎮化取得新突破。城鎮化是解決城鄉差距的根本途徑，也是最大的內需所在。要堅持以人為核心，以解決三個1億人問題為著力點，發揮好城鎮化對現代化的支撐作用。

加大城鎮棚戶區和城鄉危房改造力度。今年保障性安居工程新安排740萬套，其中棚戶區改造580萬套，增加110萬套，把城市危房改造納入棚改政策范圍。農村危房改造366萬戶，增加100萬戶，統籌推進農房抗震改造。住房保障逐步實行實物保障與貨幣補貼并舉，把一些存量房轉為公租房和安置房。對居住特別困難的低保家庭，給予住房救助。堅持分類指導，因地施策，落實地方政府主體責任，支持居民自住和改善性住房需求，促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。

用改革的辦法解決城鎮化難點問題。抓緊實施戶籍制度改革，落實放寬戶口遷移政策。對已在城鎮就業和居住但尚未落戶的外來人口，以居住證為載體提供相應基本公共服務，取消居住證收費。建立財政轉移支付與市民化掛鉤機制，合理分擔農民工市民化成本。建立規范多元可持續的城市建設投融資機制。堅持節約集約用地，穩妥建立城鄉統一的建設用地市場，完善和拓展城鄉建設用地增減掛鉤試點。加強資金和政策支持，擴大新型城鎮化綜合試點。

提升城鎮規劃建設水平。制定實施城市群規劃，有序推進基礎設施和基本公共服務同城化。完善設市標準，實行特大鎮擴權增能試點，控制超大城市人口規模，提升地級市、縣城和中心鎮產業和人口承載能力，方便農民就近城鎮化。發展智慧城市，保護和傳承歷史、地域文化。加強城市供水供氣供電、公交和防洪防澇設施等建設。堅決治理污染、擁堵等城市病，讓出行更方便、環境更宜居。

拓展區域發展新空間。統籌實施“四大板塊”和“三個支撐帶”戰略組合。在西部地區開工建設一批綜合交通、能源、水利、生態、民生等重大項目，落實好全面振興東北地區等老工業基地政策措施，加快中部地區綜合交通樞紐和網絡等建設，支持東部地區率先發展，加大對老少邊窮地區支持力度，完善差別化的區域發展政策。

把“一帶一路”建設與區域開發開放結合起來，加強新亞歐大陸橋、陸海口岸支點建設。推進京津冀協同發展，在交通一體化、生態環保、產業升級轉移等方面率先取得實質性突破。推進長江經濟帶建設，有序開工黃金水道治理、沿江碼頭口岸等重大項目，構筑綜合立體大通道，建設產業轉移示范區，引導產業由東向西梯度轉移。加強中西部重點開發區建設，深化泛珠等區域合作。

我國是海洋大國，要編制實施海洋戰略規劃，發展海洋經濟，保護海洋生態環境，提高海洋科技水平，加強海洋綜合管理，堅決維護國家海洋權益，妥善處理海上糾紛，積極拓展雙邊和多邊海洋合作，向海洋強國的目標邁進。

李克強: 推動產業結構邁向中高端。制造業是我們的優勢產業。要實施“中國制造2025”，堅持創新驅動、智能轉型、強化基礎、綠色發展，加快從制造大國轉向制造強國。采取財政貼息、加速折舊等措施，推動傳統產業技術改造。堅持有保有壓，化解過剩產能，支持企業兼并重組，在市場競爭中優勝劣汰。促進工業化和信息化深度融合，開發利用網絡化、數字化、智能化等技術，著力在一些關鍵領域搶占先機、取得突破。

新興產業和新興業態是競爭高地。要實施高端裝備、信息網絡、集成電路、新能源、新材料、生物醫藥、航空發動機、燃氣輪機等重大項目，把一批新興產業培育成主導產業。制定“互聯網+”行動計劃，推動移動互聯網、云計算、大數據、物聯網等與現代制造業結合，促進電子商務、工業互聯網和互聯網金融健康發展，引導互聯網企業拓展國際市場。國家已設立400億元新興產業創業投資引導基金，要整合籌措更多資金，為產業創新加油助力。

服務業就業容量大，發展前景廣。要深化服務業改革開放，落實財稅、土地、價格等支持政策以及帶薪休假等制度，大力發展旅游、健康、養老、創意設計等生活和生產服務業。深化流通體制改革，加強大型農產品批發、倉儲和冷鏈等現代物流設施建設，努力大幅降低流通成本。

以體制創新推動科技創新。創新創造關鍵在人。要加快科技成果使用處置和收益管理改革，擴大股權和分紅激勵政策實施范圍，完善科技成果轉化、職務發明法律制度，使創新人才分享成果收益。制定促進科研人員流動政策，改革科技評價、職稱評定和國家獎勵制度，推進科研院所分類改革。引進國外高質量人才和智力。深入實施知識產權戰略行動計劃，堅決打擊侵權行為，切實保護發明創造，讓創新之樹枝繁葉茂。企業是技術創新的主體。要落實和完善企業研發費用加計扣除、高新技術企業扶持等普惠性政策，鼓勵企業增加創新投入。支持企業更多參與重大科技項目實施、科研平臺建設，推進企業主導的產學研協同創新。大力發展眾創空間，增設國家自主創新示范區，辦好國家高新區，發揮集聚創新要素的領頭羊作用。中小微企業大有可為，要扶上馬、送一程，使“草根”創新蔚然成風、遍地開花。

提高創新效率重在優化科技資源配置。要改革中央財政科技計劃管理方式，建立公開統一的國家科技管理平臺。政府重點支持基礎研究、前沿技術和重大關鍵共性技術研究，鼓勵原始創新，加快實施國家科技重大項目，向社會全面開放重大科研基礎設施和大型科研儀器。把億萬人民的聰明才智調動起來，就一定能夠迎來萬眾創新的浪潮。

五、持續推進民生改善和社會建設

立國之道，惟在富民。要以增進民生福祉為目的，加快發展社會事業，改革完善收入分配制度，千方百計增加居民收入，促進社會公平正義與和諧進步。

著力促進創業就業。堅持就業優先，以創業帶動就業。今年高校畢業生749萬人，為歷史最高。要加強就業指導和創業教育，落實高校畢業生就業促進計劃，鼓勵到基層就業。實施好大學生創業引領計劃，支持到新興產業創業。做好結構調整、過剩產能化解中失業人員的再就業工作。統籌農村轉移勞動力、城鎮困難人員、退役軍人就業，實施農民工職業技能提升計劃，落實和完善失業保險支持企業穩定就業崗位政策。全面治理拖欠農民工工資問題，健全勞動監察和爭議處理機制，讓法律成為勞動者權益的守護神。

加強社會保障和增加居民收入。企業退休人員基本養老金標準提高10%。城鄉居民基礎養老金標準統一由55元提高到70元。推進城鎮職工基礎養老金全國統籌。降低失業保險、工傷保險等繳費率。完善最低工資標準調整機制。落實機關事業單位養老保險制度改革措施，同步完善工資制度，對基層工作人員給予政策傾斜。在縣以下機關建立公務員職務和職級并行制度。加強重特大疾病醫療救助，全面實施臨時救助制度，讓遇到急難特困的群眾求助有門、受助及時。

對困境兒童、高齡和失能老人、重度和貧困殘疾人等特困群體，健全福利保障制度和服務體系。繼續提高城鄉低保水平，提升優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。提高工資和保障標準等政策受益面廣，各級政府一定要落實到位。民之疾苦，國之要事，我們要竭盡全力，堅決把民生底線兜住兜牢。

促進教育公平發展和質量提升。教育是今天的事業、明天的希望。要堅持立德樹人，增強學生的社會責任感、創新精神、實踐能力，培養中國特色社會主義建設者和接班人。深化省級政府教育統籌改革、高等院校綜合改革和考試招生制度改革。加快義務教育學校標準化建設，改善薄弱學校和寄宿制學校基本辦學條件。落實農民工隨遷子女在流入地接受義務教育政策，完善后續升學政策。全面推進現代職業教育體系建設。引導部分地方本科高校向應用型轉變，通過對口支援等方式支持中西部高等教育發展，繼續提高中西部地區和人口大省高考錄取率。建設世界一流大學和一流學科。加強特殊教育、學前教育、繼續教育和民族地區各類教育。促進民辦教育健康發展。為切實把教育事業辦好，我們要保證投入，花好每一分錢，暢通農村和貧困地區學子縱向流動的渠道，讓每個人都有機會通過教育改變自身命運。

加快健全基本醫療衛生制度。完善城鄉居民基本醫保，財政補助標準由每人每年320元提高到380元，基本實現居民醫療費用省內直接結算，穩步推行退休人員醫療費用跨省直接結算。全面實施城鄉居民大病保險制度。深化基層醫療衛生機構綜合改革，加強全科醫生制度建設，完善分級診療體系。全面推開縣級公立醫院綜合改革，在100個地級以上城市進行公立醫院改革試點，破除以藥補醫，降低虛高藥價，合理調整醫療服務價格，通過醫保支付等方式平衡費用，努力減輕群眾負擔。

鼓勵醫生到基層多點執業，發展社會辦醫。開展省級深化醫改綜合試點。加快建立醫療糾紛預防調解機制。人均基本公共衛生服務經費補助標準由35元提高到40元，增量全部用于支付村醫的基本公共衛生服務，方便幾億農民就地就近看病就醫。加強重大疾病防控。積極發展中醫藥和民族醫藥事業。推進計劃生育服務管理改革。健康是群眾的基本需求，我們要不斷提高醫療衛生水平，打造健康中國。

讓人民群眾享有更多文化發展成果。文化是民族的精神命脈和創造源泉。要踐行社會主義核心價值觀，弘揚中華優秀傳統文化。繁榮發展哲學社會科學，發展文學藝術、新聞出版、廣播影視、檔案等事業，重視文物、非物質文化遺產保護。提供更多優秀文藝作品，倡導全民閱讀，建設書香社會。逐步推進基本公共文化服務標準化均等化，擴大公共文化設施免費開放范圍，發揮基層綜合性文化服務中心作用。深化文化體制改革，促進傳統媒體與新興媒體融合發展。拓展中外人文交流，加強國際傳播能力建設。發展全民健身、競技體育和體育產業，做好2022年冬奧會申辦工作。

加強和創新社會治理。深化社會組織管理制度改革，加快行業協會商會與行政機關脫鉤。支持群團組織依法參與社會治理，發展專業社會工作、志愿服務和慈善事業。鼓勵社會力量興辦養老設施，發展社區和居家養老。為農村留守兒童、婦女、老人提供關愛服務，建立未成年人社會保護制度。提高公共突發事件防范處置和防災救災減災能力。做好地震、氣象、測繪、地質等工作。

深入開展法治宣傳教育，加強人民調解工作，完善法律援助制度，落實重大決策社會穩定風險評估機制，有效預防和化解社會矛盾。把信訪納入法治軌道，及時就地解決群眾合理訴求。深化平安中國建設，健全立體化社會治安防控體系，依法懲治暴恐、黃賭毒、邪教、走私等犯罪行為，發展和規范網絡空間，確保國家安全和公共安全。人的生命最為寶貴，要采取更堅決措施，全方位強化安全生產，全過程保障食品藥品安全。打好節能減排和環境治理攻堅戰。環境污染是民生之患、民心之痛，要鐵腕治理。今年，二氧化碳排放強度要降低3.1%以上，化學需氧量、氨氮排放都要減少2%左右，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放要分別減少3%左右和5%左右。深入實施大氣污染防治行動計劃，實行區域聯防聯控，推動燃煤電廠超低排放改造，促進重點區域煤炭消費零增長。推廣新能源汽車，治理機動車尾氣，提高油品標準和質量，在重點區域內重點城市全面供應國五標準車用汽柴油。2005年底前注冊營運的黃標車要全部淘汰。積極應對氣候變化，擴大碳排放權交易試點。

實施水污染防治行動計劃，加強江河湖海水污染、水污染源和農業面源污染治理，實行從水源地到水龍頭全過程監管。推行環境污染第三方治理。做好環保稅立法工作。我們一定要嚴格環境執法，對偷排偷放者出重拳，讓其付出沉重的代價；對姑息縱容者嚴問責，使其受到應有的處罰。

能源生產和消費革命，關乎發展與民生。要大力發展風電、光伏發電、生物質能，積極發展水電，安全發展核電，開發利用頁巖氣、煤層氣。控制能源消費總量，加強工業、交通、建筑等重點領域節能。積極發展循環經濟，大力推進工業廢物和生活垃圾資源化利用。我國節能環保市場潛力巨大，要把節能環保產業打造成新興的支柱產業。

森林草原、江河濕地是大自然賜予人類的綠色財富，必須倍加珍惜。要推進重大生態工程建設，拓展重點生態功能區，辦好生態文明先行示范區，開展國土江河綜合整治試點，擴大流域上下游橫向補償機制試點，保護好三江源。擴大天然林保護范圍，有序停止天然林商業性采伐。今年新增退耕還林還草1000萬畝，造林9000萬畝。生態環保貴在行動、成在堅持，我們必須緊抓不松勁，一定要實現藍天常在、綠水長流、永續發展。

六、切實加強政府自身建設

我們要全面推進依法治國，加快建設法治政府、創新政府、廉潔政府和服務型政府，增強政府執行力和公信力，促進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化。

堅持依憲施政，依法行政，把政府工作全面納入法治軌道。憲法是我們根本的活動準則，各級政府及其工作人員都必須嚴格遵守。要尊法學法守法用法，依法全面履行職責，所有行政行為都要于法有據，任何政府部門都不得法外設權。深化行政執法體制改革，嚴格規范公正文明執法，加快推進綜合執法，全面落實行政執法責任制。一切違法違規的行為都要追究，一切執法不嚴不公的現象都必須糾正。

堅持創新管理，強化服務，著力提高政府效能。提供基本公共服務盡量采用購買服務方式，第三方可提供的事務性管理服務交給市場或社會去辦。積極推進決策科學化民主化，重視發揮智庫作用。全面實行政務公開，推廣電子政務和網上辦事。各級政府要自覺接受同級人大及其常委會的監督，接受人民政協的民主監督，認真聽取人大代表、民主黨派、工商聯、無黨派人士和各人民團體的意見。我們的所有工作都要全面接受人民的監督，充分體現人民的意愿。

堅持依法用權，倡儉治奢，深入推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗工作。認真落實黨中央八項規定精神，堅持不懈糾正“四風”，繼續嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。腐敗現象的一個共同特征就是權力尋租，要以權力瘦身為廉政強身，緊緊扎住制度圍欄，堅決打掉尋租空間，努力鏟除腐敗土壤。加強行政監察，發揮審計監督作用，對公共資金、公共資源、國有資產嚴加監管。始終保持反腐高壓態勢，對腐敗分子零容忍、嚴查處。對腐敗行為，無論出現在領導機關，還是發生在群眾身邊，都必須嚴加懲治。

堅持主動作為，狠抓落實，切實做到勤政為民。經濟發展進入新常態，精神面貌要有新狀態。廣大公務員特別是領導干部要始終把為人民謀發展增福祉作為最大責任，始終把現代化建設使命扛在肩上，始終把群眾冷暖憂樂放在心頭。各級政府要切實履行職責，狠抓貫徹落實，創造性開展工作。完善政績考核評價機制，對實績突出的，要大力褒獎；對工作不力的，要約談誡勉；對為官不為、懶政怠政的，要公開曝光、堅決追究責任。

各位代表!我國是統一的多民族國家，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系，是全國各族人民的根本利益和共同責任。要堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，加大對欠發達的民族地區支持力度，扶持人口較少民族發展，推進興邊富民行動，保護和發展少數民族優秀傳統文化及特色村鎮，促進各民族交往交流交融。組織好西藏自治區成立50周年和新疆維吾爾自治區成立60周年慶祝活動。各族人民和睦相處、和衷共濟、和諧發展，中華民族大家庭一定會更加繁榮昌盛、幸福安康。

我們要全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，促進宗教關系和諧，維護宗教界合法權益，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。

我們要更好發揮海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷參與祖國現代化建設、促進祖國和平統一、推進中外交流合作的獨特作用，使海內外中華兒女的向心力不斷增強。

李克強: 各位代表!建設鞏固的國防和強大的軍隊，是維護國家主權、安全和發展利益的根本保障。要緊緊圍繞黨在新形勢下的強軍目標，堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導的根本原則，統籌抓好各方面各領域軍事斗爭準備，保持邊防海防空防穩定。全面加強現代后勤建設，加大國防科研和高新技術武器裝備建設力度，發展國防科技工業。深化國防和軍隊改革，提高國防和軍隊建設法治化水平。加強現代化武裝警察力量建設。增強全民國防意識，推進國防動員和后備力量建設。堅持國防建設和經濟建設協調發展，促進軍民融合深度發展。各級政府要始終如一地關心和支持國防和軍隊建設，堅定不移地鞏固和促進軍政軍民團結。各位代表!我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方針，嚴格依照憲法和基本法辦事。全力支持香港、澳門特別行政區行政長官和政府依法施政，發展經濟，改善民生，推進民主，促進和諧。加強內地與港澳各領域交流合作，繼續發揮香港、澳門在國家改革開放和現代化建設中的特殊作用。我們堅信，有中央政府一以貫之的大力支持，不斷提升港澳自身競爭力，香港、澳門就一定能夠保持長期繁榮穩定。

我們將堅持對臺工作大政方針，鞏固兩岸堅持“九二共識”、反對“臺獨”的政治基礎，保持兩岸關系和平發展正確方向。努力推進兩岸協商對話，推動經濟互利融合，加強基層和青少年交流。依法保護臺灣同胞權益，讓更多民眾分享兩岸關系和平發展成果。我們期待兩岸同胞不斷增進了解互信，密切骨肉親情，拉近心理距離，為實現祖國和平統一貢獻力量。我們堅信，兩岸關系和平發展是不可阻擋、不可逆轉的歷史潮流。

各位代表!我們將繼續高舉和平發展合作共贏旗幟，統籌國內國際兩個大局，始終不渝走和平發展道路，始終不渝奉行互利共贏開放戰略，堅決維護國家主權安全發展利益，維護我國公民和法人海外合法權益，推動建立以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關系。深化與各大國戰略對話和務實合作，構建健康穩定的大國關系框架。全面推進周邊外交，打造周邊命運共同體。加強同發展中國家團結合作，維護共同利益。積極參與國際多邊事務，推動國際體系和秩序朝著更加公正合理方向發展。辦好紀念世界反法西斯戰爭和中國人民抗日戰爭勝利70周年相關活動，同國際社會共同維護二戰勝利成果和國際公平正義。我們愿與世界各國攜手并肩，維護更加持久的和平，建設更加繁榮的世界。

李克強: 各位代表!時代賦予中國發展興盛的歷史機遇。讓我們緊密團結在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，凝神聚力，開拓創新，努力完成今年經濟社會發展目標任務，為實現“兩個一百年”奮斗目標、建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢作出新的更大貢獻!

第五篇：李克強：去年著力深化改革開放 激發市場活力-李克強-政府工作報告-兩會_新浪財經_新浪網中英對照

李克強：去年著力深化改革開放 激發市場活力|李克強|政府工作報告|兩會_新浪財經_新浪

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(Two meetings accredit is released)Li Kejiang says, one year exert oneself deepened reforming and opening in the past, stimulate the market vigor and inside Li Kejiang of premier of electric the State Council was in Beijing of vivid force Xinhua News Agency 5 days on March 5 when National People's Congress of 12 whole nations makes governmental working report 2 times on the conference, say, come one year, our exert oneself deepens reforming and opening, stimulate the market vigor and inside vivid force.We change from governmental oneself case, accelerate change function, brief politics put authority to open ancestry as current government an important matter.Structural reorganization of the State Council is carried out in order, cancel group by group and transfer to a lower level 416 administration are examined and approve wait for item, edit the investment project catalog of governmental sanction, drive the industrial and commercial system that register to reform.Each district advances governmental function change and structural reorganization actively, reduce administration to examine and approve item considerably.Expand “ battalion changes add ” pilot, cancel and avoid ask for administrative career sex to collect fees 348, reduce company load 15OO many yuan.These loosened to bind for the market, bought power for the enterprise, the whole nation is new register an enterprise to grow 27.6% , folk invests specific gravity to rise to 63%.Unlock control of loan interest rate in the round, undertake in the whole nation share of medium and small businesses transfers a system pilot.Start praedial unified register.We are driven open extend to deepness.Create division of test of Chinese Shanghai free trade, pay of the countryman before exploring admittance imposes the administrative pattern of negative detailed list.Put forward to build belt of economy of the Silk Road, 21 centuries the conception of maritime the Silk Road.Make China-east alliance upgrades from trade division edition.With Switzerland, Icelandic sign free trade agreement.Implement the policy that stable foreign trade grows, improvement custom, examine the superintendency service such as quarantine.Answer smooth hot season successfully “ double instead ” wait for great commerce to chafe.Drive the technical equipment such as report of Gao Tie, nucleus to take door going abroad, invest to increase considerably external, leave the country travel is close 100 million person-time.