第一篇：成語故事(中英對照)

抱薪救火

戰國末期，秦國向魏國接連發動大規模的進攻，魏國無力抵抗，大片土地都被秦軍占領了。到公元前273年，秦國又一次向魏國出兵，勢頭空前猛烈。

魏王把大臣們召來，愁眉苦臉地問大家有沒有使秦國退兵的辦法。大臣們由于經過多年的戰亂，提起打仗就嚇得哆嗦，誰也不敢談“抵抗”二字。在這大兵壓境的危急時刻，多數大臣都勸魏王，用黃河以北和太行山以南的大片土地為代價，向秦王求和。

謀士蘇代聽了這些話，很不以為然，忙上前對魏王說：“大王，他們是因為自己膽小怕死，才讓您去賣國求和，根本不為國家著想。您想，把大片土地割讓給秦國雖然暫時滿足了秦王的野心，但秦國的欲望是無止境的，只要魏國的土地沒割完，秦軍就不會停止進攻我們。”

說到這里，蘇代講了一個故事：從前有一個人，他的房子起火了，別人勸他快用水去澆滅大火，但他不聽，偏抱起一捆柴草去救火，是因為他不懂得柴草不但不能滅火反而能助長火勢的道理。大王若同意拿著魏國土地去求和，不就等于抱著柴草救火嗎？”

盡管蘇代講得頭頭是道，但是膽小的魏王只顧眼前的太平，還是依大臣們的意見把魏國大片土地割讓給秦國。到公元225年，果然秦軍又向魏國大舉進攻，包圍了國都大梁，掘開黃河大堤讓洪水淹沒了大梁城，魏國終于被秦國滅掉了。

故事出自《史記·魏世家》。成語“抱薪救火”比喻用錯誤的方法去消滅禍害，結果反而使禍害擴大。

Carrying Faggots to Put Out a Fire In the last years of the Warring States period, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei on a large scale repeatedly and occupied large areas of land, for the State of Wei was too weak to defend itself.In 273 B.B., the qin army launched another attack upon the State of Wei with a momentum more vigorous than ever.The king of the State of Wei summoned his officials,and asked with a worried look if anyone could propose a way to defeat the Qin army.After years of chaos caused by the wars,the officials trembled when fighting was mentioned, and no one dared to speak ofresistance.At the critical moment when a large enemy force was bearing down upon the border, most of the offinials persuaded the king to sue for peace, at the cost of giving away to the State of Qin the large area of land north of the Huanghe River and south of the Taihang Mountain.However Su Dai, a counsellor, did not agree.He hurried up to the king and said:“Your Majesty, they don't think about the interests of the country at all.It is just because they are cowardly and afraid of death that they ask you to sue for peace by betraying the country.Of course you can temperarily satisfy the ambition of the king of the State of Qin is insatiably greedy.It will never stop assaulting us until our land is totally given away.”Once there was a man whose house was on fire.People told him to put out the fire with water, but he would not listen.Instead, he carried a faggot to put out the fire, only to make the fire fiercer.That was because he didn't know that,instead of putting out the fire, faggots could only make it burning more vigorously.Isn't it equivalent to carrying faggots to put out a fire if you agree to sue for peace at the cost of the land of the State of Wei?“Though Su Dai's argument was very convincing, the king accepted the suggestion of those officials and gave away to the State of Qin a large area of the land of the State of Wei.For the king of the State of Wei was cowardly and only cared for peace at the moment.As might be expected,the Qin army assaulted the State of Wei on a large scale in 225 B.C.,surrounding the capital city Daliang and flooding it by digging open the dykes of the Huanghe River.The State of Wei was finally destroyed by the State of Qin.This story appears in the Historical Records Written by Sima Qian.The set phrase”carrying faggots to put out a fire"is used to mean adopting a wrong method to save a situation and ending up by making it worse.

第二篇：中英對照彩圖成語故事集錦

中英對照彩圖成語故事集錦

一、中國古代成語故事 1.驚弓之鳥

Birds Startled by the Mere Twang of a Bowstring

戰國時期（公元前403―221年中國中原地區各諸侯國連年爭戰的時代）魏國有個名叫更羸的人。一天，他對國王說：“我只要拉開弓，空射一下，就能把天上的鳥射下來。”國王不相信。更羸便對準天上飛來的一只雁射去，果真那只雁聽到拉弦的聲音就掉了下來。國王感到很奇怪。更羸說，“那是一只受過傷的雁。它一聽到我拉開弓弦的聲響，就驚慌得支持不住，自然要掉下來了。”

In the Warring States Period, there was a man in the State of Wei called Geng Lei.One day he said to the king: 'I can shoot down birds by simply plucking my bowstring.' When the king expressed doubt, Geng Lei pointed his bow at a wild goose flying in the sky, twanged the bowstring, and the goose fell to the ground.Geng Lei said, 'This goose has been hurt in the past.Hearing the twang of the bowstring, it assumed that it was doomed.So it simply gave up trying to live.'

寓意1：“驚弓之鳥”這個成語比喻受過驚恐之后，有一點動靜就特別害怕。

This idiom means that if one has been frightened in the past one's will may become paralysed in a similar situation.寓意2：后人根據上面的故事，形成了“驚弓之鳥”這個成語，形容先前多次受過驚嚇的人，忽然遇到同樣可怕的事物，就嚇得魂飛魄散，驚惶失措，不知如何去應付新的環境。

Henceforth comes the idiom “A bird startled by the mere twang of a bow-string”, illustrating a case where a man who had been previously and repeatedly frightened became numb and stupefied by a new thing of the same nature not knowing how to face the new situation.例1：湯姆越獄後, 時時如驚弓之鳥, 生怕再次被捕。

Since he escaped from gaol, Tom has been living on a razor's edge, terrified of recapture.例2：地震之后，那個地區的人都成了驚弓之鳥，稍有風吹草動就要逃到街上去。

People there became so frightened after the quake that they would run into the streets once they sensed something wrong.2.毛遂自薦

Mao Sui Recommending Himself

戰國時代，秦國軍隊攻打趙國的都城。趙國的平原君打算親自到楚國去請救兵，想挑選一個精明能干的人一同前去。有一個名叫毛遂的人，自告奮勇愿意同去。平原君到楚國后，與楚王談了半天，沒有一點結果。毛遂怒氣沖沖地拿著寶劍，逼近楚王，終于迫使楚王答應出兵，與趙國聯合共同抵抗秦國。

In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin besieged the capital of the State of Zhao.Duke Pingyuan of Zhao planned to ask the ruler of the State of Chu personally for assistance.He wanted to select a capable man to go with him.A man called Mao Sui volunteered.When the negoti-actions between the two states were stalled because the ruler of Chu hesitated to send troops, Mao Sui approached him, brandishing a sword.At that, the ruler of Chu agreed to help Zhao, against Qin.“毛遂自薦”這個成語用來比喻自己推薦自己，不必別人介紹。This idiom means to recommend oneself.例1：當老師問到有沒有人愿意為孤寡老人服務時，同學們各個毛遂自薦，教室里一時熱鬧非凡。

When the teacher asked if anyone would like to help the childless old, all the students

offered to take the duty and the classroom was at once full of noise and excitement 例2：將來說不定您會需要一位新的譯員。因而在此不揣冒昧，特致函向閣下毛遂自薦，敬請原諒。

Someday in the future you may have need for a new interpreter.So I take the liberty of writing you here to to offer myself for a position in your corporation.例3：然后她坦率地告訴他自己曾是一個妓女，她想毛遂自薦作為他的一個情婦。

After that,she told him frankly that she was a prostitute, and she wondered whether she could offer herself as his mistress.3.世外桃源

A Haven of Peace and Happiness

東晉的文學家陶淵明寫了一片著名的文章叫《桃花源記》。敘述一個漁人出外捕魚的時候，偶然來到了桃花源這個地方。從這里通過一個山洞，發現了一個村子，這里的居民是秦朝時避難人的后代。這是一個與世隔絕、沒有剝削和壓迫、人人安居樂業的美好社會。漁人告別村民回家以后，再也找不到這個地方了。

Tao Yuanming, a famous writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty(317-420), wrote the well-known essay Peach-Blossom Spring.In it he tells a story which goes like this: A fisherman happened to come upon a place called Peach-Blossom Spring.Squeezing through a cave, he found a village, the residents of which were descendants of refugees from the Qin Dynasty.It was a paradise isolated from the outside world, without exploitation or oppression, and everybody living and working in peace and contentment.The fisherman left the villagers and went home.But he could never find the place again.后來，由這個故事產生了“世外桃源”這個成語，用來比喻與世隔絕的、理想的美好世界。This idiom is derived from the above story, and is used to mean an isolated, ideal world.例1：進入九寨溝如同進入世外桃源一般，人間煩惱都會置于腦后。

Upon entering the resort, you will find yourself strolling in a haven of peace, leaving behind nothing but earthly troubles and vexations.例2：西藏的確是世界上最后一個世外桃源。來到這兒，我感覺好像置身于一個世外桃源。

Tibet is really the world's last Shangri-La, and when I came here, I felt as if I had been in a different world.4.南轅北轍

Going South by Driving the Chariot North

從前有個人要到南方去，他坐的車子卻向北方行駛。過路人說：“你去南方，車子怎么向北行駛呢？”他回答說：“我的馬很能跑路，我的車夫駕車的技術也很高明，加上我又帶了充足的路費。”這個人沒有考慮到，方向弄反了，他的條件越好，離他要去的地方就越遠。

Once a man wanted to go to the south, but his carriage was heading north.A passer-by asked him: 'If you are going to the south, why is your chariot heading north? ' The man answered, 'My horse is good at running, my driver is highly skilled at driving a carriage, and I have enough money.' The man didn't consider that the direction might be wrong;the better his conditions were, the further he was away from his destination.后來人們就把這個故事概括為“南轅北轍”，比喻一個人的行為和他的目的正好相反。

The idiom derived from this story indicates that one's action was the opposite effect to one's intention.例1：經過7年的時間，法院從第一審至第二審的判決結果竟然出現南轅北轍的情形。After 7 years, from First Trial to Second Trial, both outcomes actually were very different.例2：故事背景在1963年紐約，敘述一名風流成性的雜志記者(伊旺麥奎格)與一名女權主義專欄作家(瑞妮齊薇格)，他們理念南轅北轍，卻終于墜入愛河的故事。

This is the story, set in New York City in 1963, of a budding romance between womanizing journalist and playboy Catcher Block(McGregor), cleverly described as a ”man's man, ladies' man, man about town”, and a strident feminist advice columnist, Barbara Novak(Zellweger), who finds her own rules of love contradicted by her attraction to the cad.5.畫龍點睛

Putting the Finishing Touch to the Picture of a Dragon

南北朝(公元420--589)時期，有個畫家叫張僧繇。有一次，他到一個寺廟去游玩，在墻壁上面畫了四條龍，可是都沒有畫出眼睛。看畫的人覺得很奇怪，問他為什么不畫出眼睛。他說：“眼睛是龍的關鍵，畫上眼睛，龍就會飛走了。”大家不相信他說的話。張僧繇拿起筆來，剛給兩條龍點上眼睛，立刻電閃雷鳴，兩條龍飛向天空，墻上只剩下兩條沒有畫眼睛的龍。In the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period(420-589), there was a painter called Zhang Sengyou.Once he visited a temple and painted on the wall four dragons, but gave none of them eyes.The onlookers felt that this was odd, and asked why he hadn't painted the eyes.He answered, 'Eyes are crucial for dragons.With the eyes painted on, the dragons would fly away.' Nobody believed this, so Zhang Sengyou took up his brush and added eyes to two of the dragons.No sooner had he finished than the two dragons flew into the sky amid a thunderstorm.The two without eyes stayed painted on the wall.“畫龍點睛”這個成語用來比喻講話或寫文章時，在關鍵地方加一兩句重要的話，使內容更加生動有力。

This idiom is used to describe how, when writing or speaking, one or two key sentences will enhance the contents.例1：正是這幅畫起到了畫龍點睛的作用。

The action that make the finishing point reached since this picture just about.例2：這盞燈對我的房間的裝飾起了畫龍點睛的作用。

This light adds the crowning touch to my room decoration.6.畫蛇添足

Drawing a Snake and Adding Feet

戰國時代有個楚國人祭他的祖先。儀式結束后，他拿出一壺酒賞給手下的幾個人。大家商量說：“我們都來畫蛇，誰先畫好誰就喝這壺酒。”其中有一個人先畫好了。但他看到同伴還沒有畫完，就又給蛇添上了腳。這時，另一個人也畫好了，奪過酒壺吧酒喝了，并且說：“蛇本來是沒有腳的，你怎么能給它添上腳呢？”

In the Warring States Period, a man in the State of Chu was offering a sacrifice to his ancestors.After the ceremony, the man gave a beaker of wine to his servants.The servants thought that there was not enough wine for all them, and decided to each draw a picture of a snake;the one who finished the picture first would get the wine.One of them drew very rapidly.Seeing that the others were still busy drawing, he added feet to the snake.At this moment another man finished, snatched the beaker and drank the wine, saying, 'A snake doesn't have feet.How can you add feet to a snake? '

“畫蛇添足”這個成語比喻做了多余而不恰當的事，反而把事情弄糟了。This idiom refers to ruining a venture by doing unnecessary and surplus things.例1：對一個這樣漂亮的女孩來說，化妝有些畫蛇添足。

For such a beautiful girl, to use make-up would be to gild the lily.例2：我覺得這幅畫是十分完美的，如果在角上再添上些花，倒有畫蛇添足之感了。

The painting, as it is, seems perfect to me.If you ad some flowers in the corner, you will be painting the lily.7.班門弄斧

Showing Off One's Proficiency with the Axe Before Lu Ban the Master Carpenter

古代有一個建筑和雕刻技術非常高超的人，名叫魯班，木匠行里尊稱他為祖師。傳說他曾用木頭制作了一只五彩斑斕的鳳凰，能夠在空中飛翔三天不掉下來。在魯班門前擺弄斧子，當然顯得有些自不量力了。

Lu Ban was supposed to be a consummate carpenter in ancient times.It is said that he once carved a wooden phoenix that was so lifelike that it actually flew in the sky for three days.Thus it was considered the height of folly to show off one's skill with an axe in front of Lu Ban.“班門弄斧”這個成語，用來比喻在行家面前顯示本領。

This idiom excoriates those who show off their slight accomplishments in front of experts.例1：就不要教魚兒游泳了/別再孔夫子門前賣弄文章了，那是班門弄斧/在關公門前耍大刀(教你的祖母如何吸吮生雞蛋)。

Never offer to teach fish how to swim since that's to teach your grandmother to such eggs.例2：你的菜煮得比我好，我當然就不想班門弄斧了。

Your cooking is better than mine, and I certainly prefer not having to bother to cook at all.8.怒發沖冠

So Angry That One' s Hair Lifts Up One' s Hat

戰國時代，趙國的大臣藺相如出使到秦國。在他向秦王索回玉璧的時候，秦王蠻不講理，藺相如氣憤得連頭發都豎了起來，向上沖著帽子。

In the Warring States Period, Lin Xiangru, chief min-ister of the State of Zhao, was sent as an envoy to the State of Qin to ask the ruler of Qin to return a fine piece of jade to Zhao.But the ruler of Qin was rude and unreasonable.Lin was angry, and his hair stood up so stiffly on his head that it lifted up his hat.后來人們用“怒發沖冠”這個成語形容人憤怒到了極點。This idiom came to be used to mean being extremely angry.例1：和高達2億1千萬的解聘金相比，過剩的木工們拿到的補償簡直讓人怒發沖冠。

Next to his $210m severance pay, the redundant woodworkers' packages were mean to the point of provocation.例2：(華盛頓)奇才隊可能對好時壞，一個晚上好得不錯，第二個晚上就會很糟糕，因此會惹他們的帶頭人喬丹生氣，抑或使他勃然大怒，甚至怒發沖冠。

The Wizards will probably play well one night, horribly the next, frequently earning their leader, Michael Jordan's anger, then his wrath, then maybe his rage.9.畫餅充饑

Allaying Hunger with Pictures of Cakes

三國時代魏國的皇帝曹睿，準備選拔一個有才能的人到朝廷來做官。曹睿對他的大臣說：“選擇人才，不能光找有虛名的人。虛名好像是在地上畫的一塊餅，只能看，不能解決肚子饑餓的問題啊！”

In the Three Kingdoms Period(220-280), the king of the Wei, Cao Rui, wanted to select a very capable man to work for him.He said to his ministers: 'When choosing a talented person, always beware of one with a false reputation.A false reputation is just like a picture of a cake;it can' t relieve hunger.后來人們就用“畫餅充饑”這個成語比喻用空想安慰自己，不能解決實際問題。

Later, this idiom came to be used to mean comforting oneself with unrealistic thoughts, without solving practical problems.例1：不管是望梅止渴，還是畫餅充饑，它都會激勵你不停手中的槳，去追逐哪怕是一星微小的火光。

Even if there is only a fantasy or an illusion, so long as it shows a ray of hope, it still urges you on in pursuit of the glimmer without letup.例2：成語“畫餅充饑”就來自于皇帝所說的話。寓意空言于事無補/無濟于事。

The idiom came from what the emperor said.i.e.Kind/Fair words butter no parsnips.10.一鳴驚人

Amazing the World with a Single Feat

戰國時代，齊威王即位后做了三年國君，只顧享樂，不理政事。有個善于說笑話的人叫淳于髡，一天對齊威王說：“城里有一只大鳥，三年不飛也不叫，你知道這是什么道理？”齊威王說：“這鳥不飛則罷，一飛就沖天；不鳴則罷，一鳴就驚人。”在淳于髡的激發下，齊威王開始治理國家，取得很大成績，齊國的聲威一直保持了幾十年。

In the Warring States Period, Duke Wei of Qi neglected state affairs, for the first three years of his reign, giving himself over to dissipation.One of his ministers, Chun Yukun who had a good sense of humour, said to him: 'There is a big bird which has neither taken wing nor sung for three years.' The duke answered, 'Once that bird starts to fly and sing, it will astonish the world.' The duke thereupon devoted himself to his duties and built his state up into a powerful one.“一鳴驚人”用來表示平時默默無聞，一旦行動起來，卻做出驚人的成績。

This idiom is used to indicate that a person may rise from obscurity and achieve greatness.例1：不鳴則已一鳴驚人。

It never rains but it pours.例2：比爾蓋茨20歲時創建了微軟公司，他的表現真是一鳴驚人。Bill Gates made a great coup to establish Microsoft Company.例3：全球經濟在聯合會的領導下，不飛則已，一飛沖天!Global economy under federation's leadership, Does not fly then already, As soon as flies soars to the heavens!

11.守株待兔

Sitting by a Stump, Waiting for a Careless Hare

春秋時代，宋國有個農夫，一天在耕田的時候，忽然跑來一只兔子，恰巧碰在樹樁上，脖子折斷死了。農夫把兔子拾回家去，美美地吃了一頓兔肉。晚上他想：“我何必辛辛苦苦地種地呢？每天在樹下能撿到一只兔子就夠我吃的了。”于是，他從此不再耕作，每天坐在樹下等待兔子的到來。

In the Spring and Autumn Period, a farmer in the State of Song was one day working in the fields when he saw a rabbit bump into a tree stump accidentally and break its neck.The farmer took the rabbit home, and cooked himself a delicious meal.That night he thought, 'I needn't work so hard.All I have to do is wait for a rabbit each day by the stump.' So from then on he gave up farming, and simply sat by the stump waiting for rabbits to come and run into it.“守株待兔”這個成語，譏笑那些不想經過努力，存在僥幸心理，希望得到意外收獲的人。This idiom satirizes those who just wait for a stroke of luck, rather than making efforts to obtain what they need.例1：當亞瑟王知道這個消息時，他非常憤怒。他立即回到了不列顛。他和他的騎士們到達了多佛。在多佛他碰到了莫德雷德和他的軍隊。他們正在守株待兔。

When King Arthur heard the news, he was furious.He returned toBritainimmediately.He and his knights arrived inDover.Here he found Mordred and his army.They were waiting for him.例2：戀愛就像打噴嚏，不經意間總能打得出來，刻意要打一個卻總是打不出來。（愛情常常不屬于那些窮追不舍的獵人，而屬于那些守株待兔的人。

Love is like sneezing, you always do it spontaneously, but you can't sneeze on purpose.(Love belongs to those love hunters rather than those ask for luck.)

12.曾子殺彘

Zengzi Slaughters a Pig

曾子的妻子到集市上去，他的兒子哭著要跟去。他的母親說：“你回家呆著，待會兒我回來殺豬給你吃。” 她剛從集市上回來，曾子就要捉豬去殺。妻子勸止他說：“只不過是跟孩子開玩笑罷了。” 曾子說：“不能跟孩子開玩笑啊！小孩子沒有思考和判斷能力，要向父母親學習，聽從父母的教導。現在你欺騙他，這是教孩子騙人啊！母親欺騙兒子，兒子就不再相信自己的母親了，這不是實現教育的方法。” 于是曾子就殺豬煮肉給孩子吃。

Zengzi's wife was going to the market.Her little son insisted on going with her, making a tearful scene.“Stay at home,” she said to the boy.“When I come back, I will slaughter a pig for you.” When she came back, Zengzi got ready to slaughter the pig.His wife stopped him, saying: “I was just kidding.” “A child is not to be kidded like that!” he replied.“A child does not know much and cannot judge for himself.He learns from his parents and listens to what they day.To lie to him is to teach him to lie to others.If a mother lies to her son, he will not trust her anymore.How is she then to educate him?” With that Zengzi went to slaughter the pig and prepare a good meal for their son.“曾子殺豬”這個成語寓意教育子女要注意言傳身教不能以欺騙作為手段,做任何事都要說到做到，不能說謊。要做到言必行，行必果，這樣才能獲到他人信任。

The idiom means that attention to the education of their children should be paid to teach by personal example and verbal instruction and don't deceive and tell lies to them.Do what you say and put it into effect.To achieve Yanbi trip, will visit fruit.Only in this way can be trusted to others.例1：要從“曾子殺豬”成語中汲取教訓，凡事要說到做到。

We should take a lesson from the idiom “Zengzi Slaughters a Pig” that we must do well what we said.例2：要像成語“曾子殺豬”所說的那樣，言必行，行必果。

As the idiom “Zengzi Slaughters a Pig” saying, do what you say and put it into effect.13.狐假虎威

Basking in Reflected Glory

老虎在山林里捉到了一只狐貍，要吃掉它。狐貍連忙說：“你不能吃我，我是天帝派來統治百獸的。你要吃了我，就違抗了天帝的命令。你不信，就跟我到山林里去一趟，看百獸見了我是不是都很害怕。”老虎相信了狐貍的話，就跟在狐貍的后面走進山林。百獸見了果然都紛紛逃命。老虎以為百獸真的害怕狐貍而不知道是害怕自己，于是就把狐貍給放了。

A tiger caught a fox in a forest, and was just about to eat it, when the fox said, 'You mustn't eat me.I was sent by Heaven to rule the animals.By eating me, you will violate the command of Heaven.If you don't believe me, just follow me to see whether the animals are of me.' The tiger agreed, and followed the fox as it walked around the forest.The animals all ran away on seeing them.The tiger thought they were of the fox, so he let it go.He didn't realise that it was him that the beasts were really of.“狐假虎威”這個成語用來比喻倚仗別人的勢力去欺壓人或嚇唬人。This idiom means relying on another's power to bully or frighten others.例1：我們始終希望看到他們堅強地維護自己的自由－－而且要記住，在歷史上，凡愚蠢地狐假虎威者，終必葬身虎口。

We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.例2：接下來的節目是從中國成語《狐假虎威》改編，表演者是亨廷頓中文學校學生。

The following is a short skit performed by students from the Huntington Chinese Program.The skit is based on a traditional Chinese story about a smart little fox.例3：真的希望有一天能同老虎一起共游密林，也許我也可以狐假虎威一下，成為森林的王者呢。

Really hope to travel in a deep forest with a tiger someday, maybe I could become the woods' overlord by right of the tiger's authority.例4：“別狐假虎威了”，說完她扔掉了有人在街上遞給她的有關裝神弄鬼的小冊子。

“Don't ride the back of the tiger”, when finished what she said, she threw away the clerical pamphlet passed out to her by someone on the street.14.破鏡重圓

A Broken Mirror Made Whole Again

南朝陳國(公元557-589)將要滅亡的時候，駙馬徐德言把一面銅鏡破開，跟妻子各留下一半。雙方約定：如果將來夫妻失散了，就把它當作信物。后來，夫妻二人真的失散了，憑借著各人留下的半面鏡子，他們最終又得到團圓。

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties when the State of Chen(A.D.557-589)was facing its demise, Xu Deyan, husband of the princess, broke a bronze mirror into halves.Each of them kept a half as tokens in case they were separated.Soon afterwards, they did lose touch with each other, but the two halves of the mirror enabled them to be reunited.“破鏡重圓”這個成語比喻夫妻失散或分離后重新團聚。

This idiom is used to refer to the reunion of a couple after they lose touch or break up.例1：翠娘與元寶這對歡喜冤家最終也破鏡重圓。

Cuiniang and Yuanbao finally make up their differences and resume their married life.例2：友誼就像陶器，破了可以修補；愛情好比鏡子，一旦打破，很難破鏡重圓。但約翰和瑪麗在過去八個月的日子里卻經歷了破鏡重圓。

Friendship is like earthenware:once broken, it can be mended, love is like a mirror:once broken that ends it.But John and Mary experienced a break up to make up in 8 months time.15.一鼓作氣

Rousing the Spirits with the First Drum Roll

春秋時代，齊國派兵攻打魯國。魯國的國王魯莊公帶著謀士曹劌指揮作戰。齊軍第一次擊鼓以后，魯軍準備發起進攻。曹劌說：“不行。”齊軍三次擊鼓以后，曹劌才說：“現在可以進攻了。”結果齊軍大敗。戰斗結束后，魯莊公問曹劌勝利的原因。曹劌說：“打仗要靠勇氣。第一次擊鼓，士氣十分旺盛；第二次擊鼓，士氣有些衰落；第三次擊鼓，士氣就消耗盡了。敵人士氣耗盡，我們發起進攻，所以取得了勝利。”

During the Spring and Autumn Period, an army from the State of Qi confronted one from the State of Lu.After the first roll of drums from the Qi side to summon Lu to battle, the Lu ruler wanted to attack.But his counsellor Cao Gui said, 'We should wait until the third drum roll, sire.' After the Qi side had beaten the drums three times, the Lu army attacked and defeated the Qi army.After the battle, the king asked Cao Gui the reason for his odd advice.Cao Gui answered, 'Fighting needs spirit.Their spirit was aroused by the first roll or the drums, but was depleted by the second.And it was completely exhausted by the third.We started to attack when their spirit was exhausted.That's why we won.'

后來，“一鼓作氣”形容鼓起勁頭，一下子把事情干完。

This idiom later meant to get something done with one sustained effort.例1：今天我一鼓作氣背了50個單詞。

I memorized 50 new words at one fling today.例2：登山隊員們繼續前進，希望最后一鼓作氣地到達山峰。

The climbers kept on in the hope of reaching the top with one last effort.16.掩耳盜鈴

Plugging One's Ear While Stealing a Bell or Deceive Oneself

從前有一個小偷，跑到一戶人家里想偷點東西。他看見院子里掛著一口大鐘，高興極了，心想：這口鐘一定很值錢！于是，他便想把這口鐘搬回家去。可是，鐘非常沉，他怎么搬都搬不動。后來，他想到了一個辦法，那就是把鐘敲碎之后分別搬回家。小偷找了一把大錘子，使勁朝鐘砸去，可是，剛一砸就發出了很大的響聲。小偷慌了，急忙用手捂住耳朵，結果，鐘聲不見了。小偷想，捂住自己的耳朵，別人就聽不見鐘聲了，于是又開始砸鐘。結果，人們聽到鐘聲之后，全都從家中跑出來，一下就抓住了小偷。

In the ancient time, there was a thief who went to someone's house to steal.He saw a big bell hanging in the courtyard.The thief was very happy and he thought the bell looked valuable.Then, he decided to carry this beautiful bell back home.But the bell was too big and heavy.No matter how hard he tried, he could not move it.Later, he thought there was only one way to solve the problem.He had to break down the bell into parts before he was able to carry them back to his home.The thief found a big iron hammer, with which he struck the bell with all his might.But the striking produced a loud noise and even scared the thief.But when he covered up his ears he could no longer hear the noise.The thief became cheerful at once and thought the sound of the bell would not be heard by anyone if he covered up his own ears.Feeling relieved, he began striking the bell again, one blow after another.The sound of the bell was heard at distant places, and finally people caught the thief from tracing the sound.“掩耳盜鈴”這個成語指的是捂住耳朵偷鈴（鐘）。比喻自己欺騙自己，明明掩蓋不了的事情偏要想辦法去掩飾。例：這種做法無疑是掩耳盜鈴，自己欺騙自己。

This way of doing things is undoubtedly like plugging one's ear while stealing a bell.They are deceiving themselves.17.邯鄲學步

Slavish Imitation of Others and Loss of One's Own Individuality

公元前475年－公元221年的戰國時期，燕國有個青年，他聽說趙國都城邯鄲的人走路姿勢特別好看，于是這位年輕人決定瞞著家人去學習邯鄲人走路的姿勢。就這樣，他來到了邯鄲。迎面走來一個和他年齡相仿的人，看見那人走過，這位燕國的青年便跟在他后面開始模仿。那人邁左腳，燕國青年也邁左腳，那人邁右腳，燕國青年也邁右腳。然而，他一扭頭又看到另一個中年人，他又覺得那人走路的姿勢很好看，于是又跟著中年人學走路。后來他又看到一位婦女，又跟著學……。

轉眼好幾個月過去了，燕國青年越學走路的姿勢越不好看，不僅沒學會邯鄲人的走法，而且還把自己原來的走路姿勢也忘了。這時，帶來的錢也已經花光，他只好回家，可是他又忘了自己原來是怎樣走路的。無奈，燕國青年只好在地上爬著回去了。

During the Warring States Period(475to secretly make a small hole in the wall and let a glimmer of light come in through the hole.This stealing light allowed him to study until late at night.When he was grown up he became a very famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty.“鑿壁借光”這個成語是說偷借鄰居家的燈光讀書。后來指在艱苦的條件下堅持刻苦學習。The original meaning of this idiom is to make a hole in the wall and read a book by stealing the light from a neighbor.Later it came to refer to studying under very hard conditions.例：學習是很艱苦的事情，需要有鑿壁借光的精神。

Studying is very hard.The spirit of “stealing the light from neighbor” is necessary.19.朝三暮四

Three in the Morning, Four in the Evening

從前，宋國有一個老人，他在家中養了許多猴子。老人每天都會給每只猴子八顆栗子，早晚各四顆。后來，猴子越來越多，老人也越來越窮，所以他想每天只給猴子七顆栗子，于是他就和猴子們商量：“從今天開始，我每天早上給你們四顆粟子，晚上給你們三顆栗子，行不行？” 猴子們想了一想，晚上怎么少了一顆呢？于是大叫起來，非常不愿意。老人一看，連忙說：“那么我早上給你們三顆，晚上再給你們四顆，可以了吧？” 猴子們聽了，以為晚上的粟子已經由三個變成四個，跟以前一樣，就高興地同意了。

Once upon a time, there lived an old man in Song Kingdom, who raised a lot of monkeys at home.The old man fed each monkey eight acorns every day, four in the morning and four in the evening.Later he fed so many monkeys that he had not enough acorns.So he wanted to feed monkeys seven acorns each day.Then he discussed with his monkeys, “From today on, I will give each of you four acorns in the morning and three acorns in the evening.Is that O.K.?” Hearing this, all the monkeys got angry.How come lack one in the evening? Then the old man changed to say, “I'll give each of you four acorns in the morning and three acorns in the evening.” Thinking that there were still four in the evening, all the monkeys became happy again.“朝三暮四”這個成語原意是指實質不變，用玩弄手段，改換名目的方法使人受騙上當。后引申為，說話、辦事反復無常、不負責任。

Three in the morning, four in the evening: The idiom originally means to fool others by playing tricks.It later extends to mean changing one’s mind frequently or not being responsible.Other expressions: to play fast and loose or to chop and change

例1： 你一旦有了目標就要做下去，千萬不能朝三暮四，否則最后只會一事無成。

Once you have an object, do not chop and change, otherwise you'll accomplish nothing.例2：他已經有了女朋友，還朝三暮四，所以女朋友和他分手了。He's already got a girlfriend, but he still dates to “play fast and loose ”, so his girlfriend parts w/ him.20.自相矛盾 Self-Contradiction

很久很久以前，楚國有一個商人，一天他到市場上去賣自己制造的矛和盾。他大聲的叫賣，有很多人圍過來看，他舉起盾說：“我的盾是世界上最堅固的，無論怎樣鋒利的東西也不能刺穿它!” 接著，他又拿起一支矛，得意地說：“我的矛是世界上最鋒利的，無論怎樣堅固的東西也能刺穿!”這時一位圍觀的人上前拿起他的一支矛和一面盾問道：“如果用這支矛去刺這面盾，結果會怎樣呢?” 這個人一下子回答不出來，最后只好灰溜溜地扛著矛和盾走了。Once upon a time, there was a businessman in Chu Kingdom.One day, he sold his spear and shield in the market.He told people, “My spear is the sharpest spear in the world.It can pierce everything.And my shield is the solidest in the world.Nothing can destroy it.” Then somebody asked him, “If we use your spear to pierce your shield, what will happen?” The businessman didn’t know how to reply.“自相矛盾”這個成語比喻語言、行動前后不一致或互相抵觸。Be self-contradictory both in words and behaviour.例1：你說手機沒電了，卻剛給他打了電話，這不是自相矛盾嗎？

You said his cell phone ran off power but you called him just now.Isn't it contradictory? 例2：你剛才的話前后自相矛盾，別人不知道該怎么理解。

What you said is self-contradictory.People don't know how to understand it.21.愚公移山

The Foolish Old Man Who Moved Mountains

很久以前，有一位名叫愚公的老人，他家門口有兩座高山，家人每天進出都要繞很遠的路！有一天愚公對家人說：“我們把擋在門口的兩座大山移開吧，讓門口的路可以直通到外面的大路上，好不好？”兒子和孫子都很贊同，可是愚公的妻子卻說：“那大山的泥土搬到哪兒呢？”愚公回答：“可以搬到海里去呀！” 第二天愚公就開始了移山的工作。這時候，別人對愚公說：“你已經這么老了，還要去移山？就算讓你搬到死也不可能把大山移走呀！” 愚公笑著回答：“我雖然很老，但我還有兒子，兒子還會生孫子，孫子又會生兒子，我們的子孫可以一直搬下去，總有一天會把這兩座山搬走的。”后來，這件事傳到了天神的耳朵里，天神想：“愚公真是有恒心的人！我來幫幫他吧！”天神就派神仙去把那兩座山背到別的地方去，不再擋在愚公家門口了。

Long long ago, there lived an old man named Yugong.There were two huge mountains in front of his house and blocked his way to the outside world.One day Yugong said to his family, “Let's move the two mountains away and clear away our road!” This idea was welcomed by his family members.“But where do we put the earth on the mountain?” asked his wife.“We can dump them in the sea.” said Yugong.So they set out to work the next day.One of the neighbors saw it and asked, “You are already an old man.How can you finish this huge project?” Yugong answered with a smile, “Although I am old, I have sons and grandsons.And they will have their sons and grandsons as time goes.If I am too old to finish it, it will be continued on by my offspring.So long as we keep at it, we'll manage it someday.” Yugong's words were later heard by God.God thought, “Yugong is a man of strong wills.Let me help him!” So he sent his men to move away the two mountains.“愚公移山”這個成語比喻做事情有毅力，有恒心，不怕困難。Refer to do sth.with constancy and perseverance.例1：只要具備了愚公移山的精神，就能把漢語學好。

One can learn Chinese well so long as he has the spirit as that of Yugong moving away the mountains.例2：他這個人干事很有愚公移山的精神。

He does things as consistently as Yugong's moving away the mountains.二、外國成語習語漢譯

A little piece of advice.讓我來給你點建議。

A piece of cake.輕而易舉。

Another day, another dollar.和往常一樣。

Anywhere but here.除了這里，哪里都好。

Are you doing anything this afternoon? 你今天下午有安排嗎？

Are you ready for tomorrow? 明天的東西都準備好了嗎？

Are you trying to get rid of me? 你想把我轟走嗎？ Big mouth.多嘴！

Come and get it!飯做好了，來吃吧！

Could you call back later? 您能過會兒再打來嗎？

Could you do me a little favor? 能不能幫我一個小忙？ Diana's been coming on to Jack.戴安娜對杰克有意思。

Did I miss something? 這是怎么回事？

Did you punch in/out? 打出勤卡了嗎？

Do as I said.照我說的做！

Do I make myself clear? 我說得夠清楚嗎？

Do the dishes!把盤子洗了。

Don't cut in line.別夾塞兒！

Don't go back on your words.別食言。

Don't take it out on me.別沖我發火。

Don't take on more than you can.做你能做的。Don't be stuck-up.別那么自命不凡。

Don't bite off more than you can chew.人要有自知之明。

Don't get me started on it.別讓我打開話匣子。

Don't judge a book by its cover.人不可貌相。

Don't pull my leg.別逗了。

Don't slack off!別偷懶！

Don't talk back to me.別跟我頂嘴。

Don't think you can make a fool out of me.別把我當傻瓜。

Don't work too hard.悠著點兒。

Even up the odds.扳回劣勢。

Everything but this.除了這個，其他都行。

Far from it.正好相反。

Fill me in.跟我說發生什么事了。

Finish up your plate.把飯吃光。

Get off my back.別再啰唆了。

Get out of my way!滾開！

He chickened out at the last moment.他在最后關頭膽怯了。

He's not at his desk right now.他現在不在座位上。

Her line is busy now.她正在接電話。

He's a chain smoker.他抽煙抽得沒完沒了。

He's got guts.他真有勇氣。

He's not my type.他不是我喜歡的類型。

He's on edge today.今天他情緒煩躁。

He's quite well off.他非常有錢。

He's very hard on me.他對我很不客氣。

How about a rain check? 另找時間可以嗎？

How did it go today? 今天怎么樣？

How late are you open? 你們營業到幾點？

How soon can you get it ready? 還要多久才能好呀？

Hurry up and get dressed.快換衣服。

I don't have all day.我沒時間跟你耗。

I don't seem to fit in here.我跟這里格格不入。

I don't have any appetite.我沒有一點食欲。

I don't have much money on me now.我現在沒有多少現金。

I don't know what came over me.我不知道自己是哪根筋不對。I don't like brownnosers.我討厭愛拍馬屁的人。

I don't see eye to eye with my wife.我和妻子沒什么共同語言。

I feel a little tipsy.我覺得有點醉了。

I feel like sleeping.我想睡覺。

I feel sluggish.我渾身沒勁。

I feel the same way.我有同感。

I get drunk easily.我的酒量小。

I have a hangover.我昨天的酒還沒醒呢。

I have a one-track mind.我是一根筋。

I have a sweet tooth.我愛吃甜食。

I have diarrhea.我拉肚子了。

I have no clue.我一點頭緒（線索）都沒有。

I have stiff shoulders.我肩膀酸痛。

I have to rush.我得趕緊走！

I hope our dreams come true.我希望我們的夢想成真。

I like your sense of humor.我喜歡你的幽默感。

I made it.趕上了。

I see what you mean.我了解你的意思。

I sprained/twisted my ankle.我崴腳了。

I think he has a crush on you.他好像看上你了。

I want something to eat.我想吃點東西。I want to take a nap.我真想睡個午覺。

I was being polite.我這是在說客氣話。

I was cut off.電話斷了。

I was only late by 30 seconds.我只遲到了30秒鐘。

I work for the government.我在政府機關做事。

I would like to talk to you for a minute.我想和你談一下。

I wouldn't look at it like that.我不會從這個角度來看。I'll come by all means.我一定會來的。

I'm a night person.我是個夜貓子。

I'm an office worker.我是上班族。

I'm glad to see you again.很高興再次見到你。

I'm happy to meet you.很高興見到你。

I'm looking forward to seeing you.我期望見到你。

I'm supposed to get a raise.我應該漲工資。

I'm with you./ I'm on your side.我站在你一邊。

I've just got one of those faces.我是大眾臉。

Is there someone else? 你是不是有了新歡？

Is this seat taken? 這位子有人嗎？

It comes and goes.時好時壞。

It has nothing to do with me.這跟我一點關系都沒有。

It's all there for a reason.它自有其存在的道理。

It's been a long day.今天忙了一天。

It's good to be home.還是家好哇。

It's now or never.機不可失，時不再來。

It's on the tip of my tongue.話就在嘴邊上。

It's stuffy in this room.這間屋子通風真差。

I'll let you off.我會放你一馬。

I'll put him on.我讓他接電話。

I'll put you through.我把電話給您接過去。

I'm a good judge of character.我看人很準。

I'm a workaholic.我是個工作狂。

I'm all ears.洗耳恭聽。

I'm all thumbs.我笨手笨腳的。

I'm broke.我身無分文。

I'm counting on you.我全靠你了。I'm loaded.酩酊大醉。

I'm pressed for time.我的時間安排很緊。

I'm starving.我快餓死了。

I'm tone-deaf.我五音不全。

I'm walking on air.我高興得飄飄欲仙。

I've got to go.我得走了。

Janet is a knockout.珍妮特真迷人。

Lay low for a while.保持低調。

Let me put it this way,...我這樣說好了，…… Let you in on a little secret.告訴你個小秘密。

Let's call it a day.今天就到這里。

Let's fold up the futon.把被子疊好。

Let's get back to the subject.言歸正傳。

Let's get going.那我們走吧。

Let's not jump the gun.別操之過急。

Let's play it by ear.走一步看一步吧！

Let's spread out the futon.鋪床吧。

Like finding a needle in a stack of needles.像海底撈針一樣。

Mary is out of John's league.約翰配不上瑪麗。

May I have my allowance? 能給我點兒零花錢嗎？

May I take a message? 您要給他留言嗎？

No hard feelings.請別見怪，不傷和氣。

No kidding!開玩笑吧。

Please go easy on me.手下留情。

Please scrub the sink.把廚房的池子刷干凈。

Pull yourself together.打起精神來！

Put it on my tab.記在我的賬上。

Shall I come to pick you up? 要我開車去接你嗎？

Shall I have him call you back? 是不是讓他給您回電話？

She hung up on me.我還沒說完她就把把電話掛了。

She's a newlywed.她剛剛結婚。

She's a smooth talker.她的嘴甜著呢。

She's good for nothing.她一無是處。

So far, so good.到現在為止還好。

So that explains it.原來如此。

Sorry, I'm tied up.真對不起，我另有安排。

Sorry, we're sold out.對不起，票賣完了。

Stop goofing off.別偷懶！

Sweet dreams.做個好夢。

Take your time.慢慢來，不用著急。

Tammy eats like a bird/horse.塔米飯量很小/大。

That serves you right.你活該。

That will not always be the case.情況不會永遠是這樣。

The phone went dead.電話不通。

The work doesn't need much effort.這工作不太費事。

There is no turning back.已經無可挽回了。

There is nothing good playing.沒好電影可看。

There is something about him.他一定有特別之處。

There you are.原來你在這兒啊！

There's no turning back.沒有退路。

There's no other way of saying it.沒有別的說法。

There's really no point in doing it.真沒必要做這件事。

Think twice before you do it.三思而后行。

This is not how it looks.事情不是表面看來的這樣。

This one is on me.這頓算我的！

Today is payday.今天發工資。

Tom is a lady-killer.湯姆是個美男子。

Use your head!動動腦子！

Watch you tongue.說話要留神。

Watch your step!注意腳下！

We don't have any other choice.我們沒有其他的選擇。

We had a falling-out.我們感情不和。

We split it, fifty-fifty.我們平分賬單。

We'll fake it.差不多就得了。

What a shame!真是太遺憾了！

What do you want from me? 你到底要我怎樣？

What have we got here? 看我們找到了什么？

What have you got to lose? 你有啥好損失的？

What time can you come over? 你幾點能來？

What took you so long? 怎么那么久？ What's this all about? 這是怎么回事？

What's the hurry? 急著干什么去呀？

Where are you off to? 你去哪兒？

Where do we go from here? 我們接下來要怎么做？

Why all the trouble? 干嘛費那么大勁？

Why are you picking on me? 你干嗎老挑我的刺兒？

Why is this happening to me? 這為什么發生在我身上？

Would you help me put up the clothes to dry? 你能把衣服晾上嗎？

Would you help me set the table? 你能幫我準備餐具嗎？

Would you like a refill? 再來一杯，怎么樣？

Would you like to go to a movie? 你想去看電影嗎？

Would you like to hold? 您等會兒行嗎？

You are getting on my nerves.你真讓我心煩。

You are making fun of me.你拿我開涮呢。

You ask for it.你自作自受。

You bet.行！沒問題！

You can't be too careful.你要再三小心。

You got that right./ There you go 你終于抓到訣竅了。

You had your time.已經給過你機會了。

You have a way with people.你很有交際手腕。

You have only one shot.你只有一個機會。

You should finish what you start.你別半途而廢。

You shouldn't be so hard on yourself.你不該對自己這么苛刻。

You shouldn't say things like that.你怎么這么說呢？

You stand me up!你放我鴿子！

You won't regret it.你不會后悔的。

You're cut out to be a teacher.你天生是當老師的料。

You're going to love it here.你一定會喜歡上這里。

You're well on the way.你學得不錯。

You've got me.讓你問住了。

From One Sentence A Day(To Be Continued)

第三篇：經典英語成語故事：一技之長(中英對照)

經典英語成語故事：一技之長(中英對照)

Proficiency in a particular line

Gong sun Long , is a famous scholar lived in the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period(475-221BC).He had kept a circle skilled people around him.He often said, “A wise man should welcome anyone with a specialty.”

One day, a man dressed in tattered and dirty clothes came to see him and said to him:“ I have a special skill.”

Gong asked: “What is it?”

“I have a loud voice and I'm good at shouting.”

then Gong turned to his followers and asked,“ Who is good at shouting?” But none of them answered “Yes ”.So the scholar took the man in.Some days later, Gong and his followers went on a trip.they came to a wide river and found the ferryboat was on the other side of the river.All of them had no idea.Suddenly, Gong thought of the shouting expert and turned to him, “Can you have a try?” The man realized it was the chance to show his skill.He shouted to the ferryman as loud as he could, “Hey, ferryman, come here, we want to cross the river.” As his voice ended, the ferryman came to fetch them.Gong was very satisfied with the new follower.Later, people use it to describe anyone who has a special professional skill.一技之長

戰國時期，趙國有位名士叫公孫龍。他手下聚集了許多有自己特長的門客。他常說：“一個聰明人應該善于接納每一個有自己特長的人。”

一天，有一個穿著很破爛的人來見他，并向他推薦自己：“我有一項特別的本領。”公孫龍就問道：“什么本領？”那個人回答道：“我聲音特別大，很善于叫喊。”公孫龍聽了，就轉身問他旁邊的門客：“你們有誰善于叫喊？”結果沒有一個人回答“是”。于是，他就收下了這個很善于叫的人作他的隨從。

沒過多久，公孫龍和他的門客一起出外游玩。他們來到一條很寬的河邊，發現渡船在河的另一頭，所有人都不知怎么辦好。突然，公孫龍想起他最近收的那個人的本領是善于叫，于是，他就轉過頭去對那人說：“你大聲叫對面的船夫，看能不能把他叫過來。”那人覺得展示他技能的時候到了，就盡力大聲向對面喊：“ 喂，船夫，過來，我們要過河。”當他叫聲剛完，那對面的船夫就搖著船過來了。公孫龍對這個新收的門客非常滿意。

后來，“一技之長”就用來形容一個人有一項特殊的本領。

第四篇：中英對照

行政主體在對行政相對人作出不利行政決定時，是否必須說明理由，二戰之后伴隨民主法治的發展，經歷從無到有的過程。法國、德國、美國、日本及我國臺灣地區和澳門地區的行政程序法都有相關規定，說明理由已成為行政程序中一項重要的制度。行政主體在作出影響對人權利義務的行政行為時，向相對人說明作出該行為的事實根據、法律根據及進行自由裁量時所考慮的公共利益、社會習慣、政策考量等因素。這一方面有利于規范行政主體依法行使行政權，保障行政合法性和合理性，降低行政恣意和專斷的風險；另一方面，將作出行政決定所依據的事實、法律根據及裁量因素告知行政相對人，可以增強相對人對行政決定的理解和認同。此外，如果相對人對行政決定不服，可根據行政決定的依據和理由尋求法律救濟，保障其合法權益。本文以行政程序中的說明理由制度為視角，以我國工商系統推行的說理式行政處罰決定的相關案例，總結我國工商系統說明式行政處罰決定書的特點和問題，并在此基礎之上提出完善建議，以期將說理式行政決定書推廣適用到行政處罰、行政強制等執法領域，增強行政決定的合理性和正當性，更有效地規范行政權力，保障公民合法權益。

Whether the administrative subject has to give the reasons why making negative administrative decision on administrative counterpart, which appears accompany with the development of democracy and the rule of law.The administrative procedure law in France, Germany, the United States, Japan, Taiwan and Macao of china has relative regulations, and giving the reasons has become an important system in administrative procedure system.When the administrative subject takes administrative actions that will impact the rights and obligations of the administrative counterpart, it should explain to the administrative counterpart the fact and foundation and the law, on which it take the action, also it should explain the public interests, social habits, policy considerations and other factors that it has to take into account when make discretions.on one hand, this is conductive to standardize the administrative subject to execute administrative power according to the law, and guarantee the administrative legality and rationality, reduce administrative arbitrariness and abuse of administrative power;on the other hand, to inform the administrative decision basis of facts, law and discretion factors to the administrative counterpart could enhance the understanding and recognition of the decisions for the administrative counterpart.Besides, if the administrative counterpart doesn’t accept the decisions, could according to the foundations and reasons of the administrative decisions seek for legal redress to protect his/her legal interests.This report base on the reasons explanation system to summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and commercial systems, and make suggestions on how to improve it, in order to make the administrative decision be applicable to administrative penalty, administrative compulsory enforcement and other executive fields, to enhance the rationality and legitimacy of the administrative decision, effectively regulate the use of the administrative power, protect the legal rights and interests of the citizens.本文分為五部分：

The report has five parts:

引言部分簡單介紹我國學界關于行政程序中說明理由制度的研究概況，說明當前關于說明理由制度研究重心和熱點問題。

The brief introduce the general situation of the study of the reasons explanation system in administrative procedure of our law circles, and illustrates the focus and hot issues in current study of the reasons explanation system.第一部分為全文概述，簡要介紹選題依據和來源，從憲政角度分析行政決定的說理性理論基

礎，并從行政機關、行政相對人和受理爭議機關復審三方面分析行政決定說理性的價值所在。第二部分著重研究我國工商系統推行的說理式行政處罰決定書案例，總結工商系統說理式行政處罰決定書的特點及存在的問題。

The first part is the general overview of the report, give a brief introduction to the basis and resource of the selection of the topic, analyze the rationality theory foundation of the administrative decision from the constitutional perspective, and analyze the value of the administrative decision rationality from the administrative organ, the administrative counterpart and the request of the controversy dispute acceptance organ.Part two focuses on the study of the cases on the persuasive administrative penalty notification pushed by our country’s industrial and commercial system, and summarize the characteristics and existing problems of the persuasive administrative penalties notifications in our country’s industrial and commercial systems.第三部分對我國目前關于行政決定說理性的立法規范進行分析，指出當前我國相關立法存在的缺陷和問題。

The third part analyzes the current legal regulations in our country on the rationality of the administrative decisions, and point out the existing defects and problems in our country’s relative laws.

第五篇：成語故事

8、成語故事

一、教學目標：

1、學會本課十一個生字新詞，認讀四個字。

2、正確、流利、有感情朗讀課文。

3、了解成語故事內容，感悟語言包含的道理。

4、演一演這些故事，加深對故事的理解。教學重點、難點

1、重點：了解成語故事的內容

2、難點：感悟故事包含的道理

二、學生狀態解讀：學生對短小精悍的故事非常感興趣，但是對故事中蘊含的道理需要花時間細細品味，教師要注意點撥、引導。

三、教材簡析：本文共有三則成語故事。《自相矛盾》告訴我們：說話、辦事 必須實事求是，前后一致，而不能故意夸大，言過其實，否則，就會陷入“自相矛盾”的境地，通常用來相容諷喻說話、做事相互抵觸，互不相容的現象。《濫竽充數》告訴我們：如果沒有真正的本領，混在行家里充數，遲早會混不下去。《畫龍點睛》告訴我們：作文或講話時，在關鍵的地方用一兩個精辟的語言點明要旨，會使內容更加生動有力。

四、教學準備：教學掛圖、矛盾實物（盡量準備）或圖片等。

五、常規活動：背來自寓言的成語。教學時間：2課時

六、教學過程：

第一課時

一．教學目標：

1．正確、流利、有感情地朗讀課文。2．學會本課生字，理解由生字組成的詞語。二．教學過程：

（一）導入新課，揭示課題。

（二）初讀指導。1．自學課文。2．出示自學要求：

（１）正確地認讀生字詞。理解由生字組成的詞語。（２）把課文讀正確、讀通順。3．生自學課文。4．檢查自學效果。（１）生字詞正音。

楚國戳穿演奏腮幫俸祿濫竽充數南郭先生（２）理解詞語的意思。夸口 戳穿 腮幫 俸祿

（３）指名讀課文，結合正音。

（三）指導寫字。

第二課時

一．教學目標：

1．理解課文內容，知道三個成語的意思。

2．憑借課文中的具體的語言材料，使學生在理解寓意的過程中受到啟發教育。3．會用“總是”、“不要??而要??”造句。二．教學過程：

（一）復習導入。

（二）精讀《自相矛盾》

1．自由輕聲讀課文，想一想這個故事講的是件什么事。

2．討論：“夸口”是什么意思？文中誰在說大話呢？他說的是什么大話呢？指名朗讀，學生評議。

3．“張中結舌”什么意思呢？那人為什么張口結舌說不出話來呢？你能說說“自相矛盾”意思嗎？

4．聯系實際說說自己有沒有犯過與此人同樣的錯誤，你周圍有沒有人犯過這樣的錯誤，讀了這則故事你知道什么。

（三）精讀《濫竽充數》

1．請同學們查查字典，看看“濫”“竽”“充”“數”這四個字的意思。2．指名讀課文，邊聽邊想：南郭先生從來不會吹竽，為什么也得么了和別人一樣的俸祿？

3．理解句子：“戰國時，齊宣王喜歡聽吹竽，他總是叫許多人一齊吹竽給他聽。” 出示三個句子：

（１）戰國時，齊宣王喜歡聽吹竽，他叫許多人一齊吹給他聽。（２）戰國時，齊宣王喜歡聽吹竽，他常常叫許多人一齊吹給他聽。（３）戰國時，齊宣王喜歡聽吹竽，他總是叫許多人一齊吹給他聽。讀一讀，比較：這三個句子有什么不同，誰能用“總是”說一句話。

4．朗讀句子：“每當演奏時，他就鼓著腮幫子，按著竽眼兒，裝出吹竽的樣子，居然得到了和別人一樣的俸祿。” 5．這句話要讀出什么樣的語氣？ 6．他后來怎么又裝不去了？

出示句子：“可是他不要許多人一齊吹，而是一個一個地單獨吹。” 指名用“不要??而是??”造句。

7．朗讀課文，說說生活中有沒有見過像“南郭先生”這樣的人，讀了這個故事你知道了什么。

（四）精讀《畫龍點睛》 1．請大家默讀課文，邊讀邊想：（１）張僧繇畫的龍為什么不“點睛”？（２）后來為什么又給龍畫上眼睛？（３）“點睛”的結果怎樣？ 2．逐題討論，指導朗讀。

（１）點睛前的龍是什么樣的？所以人們覺得怎樣？

（２）張僧繇為什么不給龍點睛？后來為什么又給龍畫上眼睛？（３）“點睛”的結果怎樣？

（４）讀這則故事時節要讀出什么樣的語氣？（５）啟發想象，領悟寓意。

游客們看到畫上眼睛的真的騰空而去，會說些什么呢？讓學生自由討論。

七、作業設計：續寫《南郭先生后記》。

八、板書：

成語故事

自相矛盾

夸口

張口結舌 濫竽充數

得俸祿

逃走了 畫龍點睛

點睛

飛走了

九、資料鏈接：

http://

11．讀書莫放“攔路虎”

一、教學目標：

知識：朗讀課文、理解課文內容。

能力：培養學生自主閱讀，自行體會課文所要闡述的含義。情意：養成讀書的正確習慣。養成查字典的好習慣。

教學重難點：通過反復誦讀，使他們在品味語言文字的過程中明理，受到潛移默化的教育。

二、學生狀態解讀：從文章的內容來看，學生還可以從中學到什么呢？說理的方法。這篇文章就是一篇短小的論文，能夠解決實際問題的論文。作者先從現象說起，歸納出問題來，再提出解決問題的辦法。發現問題——提出問題——解決問題，如此說理，條理清晰，從學生的實際出發進行指導，循序漸進，說服力強！

三、文本教材解讀：《讀書莫放“攔路虎”》安排在第三單元頗為巧妙，本單元的其它幾篇課文從文學的層面為學生拓寬了事業，把學生帶進了廣闊的閱讀世界，有寓言故事、成語故事、民間故事、名人軼事??學生通過本單元的學習，必將有濃厚的課外閱讀興趣。“不憤不啟，不悱不發”，就在學生最需要得到方法指導的時候，編者安排了這一課外閱讀指導性質的文章，可謂是雪中送炭。這就解決了一個學什么的問題。學生至少可以從這篇文章中了解到閱讀的一個重要方法。聯系本冊教材的“培養良好的學習習慣”第二部分來看，本文又是對它的最好詮釋。

四、教學準備：有關課外知識

五、常規活動：

敏而好學，不恥下問——孔子

學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆——孔子 知之者不如好之者，好之者不如樂之者——孔子

三人行，必有我師也。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之——孔子 興于《詩》，立于禮，成于樂——孔子 己所不欲，勿施于人——孔子

六、教學過程：

一、揭示課題，激發學習興趣。

1、說說你知道的喜歡的一些關于勤奮、刻苦的名句。

2、說說平時讀書時遇到不認識難理解的字、詞、句時會怎么做？理解“攔路虎”板書課題。

3、齊讀課文，談談對課題的理解

二、初讀課文，整體感知。

1、自由讀課文，要求： a讀準字音，讀通句子 b畫出不理解的字詞句

2、交流讀書中遇到的難以理解的字詞句。同學之間相互質疑，互相解答。教師相機提示。

3、指名讀課文，相機正音。障礙的“障”要讀后鼻音，“熟”注意讀成翹舌音，“模糊”

應該讀成“móhu” 6四人以小組檢查讀書情況。

4、四人以小組檢查讀書情況。

組長帶領下，多種方式自由選讀，人人有機會讀，5、出示生字，要求查字典解決。

障礙 模糊 掌握 連估帶猜 衷心 掃除 誤解 懶惰 理解 書頁 圈下來

重點理解：連估帶猜：估估猜猜，不求準確。障礙：阻礙前進的東西，本文指不會讀，不理解的詞

6、指導書寫。

（1）指名說用什么方法，幾乎這些字形。

（2）觀察這些字在田字格中的位置，說說注意點。

7、默讀課文，根據提示，分段：

什么叫“攔路虎”，遇到它繞著走有什么壞處。（1~2）通過查字典掃除“攔路虎”。（3~4）

三、學習第一段。

1指名讀，思考：你讀懂了什么？ 2小組內討論交流。3組內代表匯報。

4提問面對攔路虎，繞著走的原因和危害是什么？ 出示重點句子： a有的同學由于怕麻煩，或急于想知道下面的內容，也就懶得去查字典，只是連估帶猜

這樣做，不僅字音容易讀錯，而且字詞的意思也很難以理解。

“連估帶猜”是個常用結構，表示兩種動作緊接著，差不多同時發生。說幾個“連 ?帶?”的詞語。用”不僅 而且“造句。

b再說，你這次見到攔路虎”繞著走，說不定什么時候讀書，它有會。跑過來“攔”你 的路。

四、面對攔路虎，我們應該如何消滅，學習第二段。

1選擇你喜歡的朗讀方式，思考：哪些語句給你啟發較深。談談自己的感受。相機出示：

a要知道，字典就是無聲的老師，遇到“攔路虎”，便要去請教它。b如果是自己的書，還可以在書頁的空白處記下生字的讀音和意思。c由此看來，要掃除‘攔路虎’,勤查字典是一個有效的辦法。

2、指名讀第二段。齊讀。3小組內讀自己喜歡的句子。

五、復習指導幾種查字典的方法。

1、指名說

2、教師總結。a、音序查字法

如果只知道某個字的讀音，還想知道這個字的寫法和字義時就用音序查字法。b、部首查字法

知道某一個字的字形，還想知道這個字的讀音和字義時就用部首查字法。

六、舉行讀書匯報會。

小組內交流，選拔優秀文章。推薦在全班演講。

七、作業設計：

一、用下列表示不同意思的字組詞。

例：白： A、表示敘述（表白）B、表示清楚（明白）

1、表示頭（）

2、表示首領（）

3、表示首領（）

4、表示出頭告發（）疾：

1、表示病（）

2、表示快（）窮：

1、表示沒有錢（）

2、表示窮盡（）

終：

1、表示最后（）

2、表示自始自終的整段時間（二、寫出下列引號的用法。

A 著重指出 B 特殊意義 C 直接引用

1、請記住，讀書莫放攔路虎”。（）

2、歌中唱到：“世上只有媽好??”（））

3、世界上最深的淡水湖，現在正被沿岸工廠排放的污水“吞噬”著。（）

三、照樣子將意思相似的成語連起來。

瓜熟蒂落 臨陣磨槍 聚沙成塔 化險為夷 卸磨殺驢 獨木難支 繩鋸木斷 集腋成裘 管中窺豹 過河拆橋 眼高手低 量體裁衣 臨渴掘井 坐井觀天 不翼而飛 水滴石穿 孤掌難鳴 口蜜腹劍 對癥下藥 不脛而走 笑里藏刀 水到渠成 轉危為安 志大才疏

八、板書設計：

11、讀書莫放“攔路虎”

迎難而上

面對“攔路虎”

勇于戰勝

九、資料鏈接：

培養良好的習慣

一、多比較、多歸納、多揣摩、多體會

1945年葉圣陶先生在《國語教學的兩個基本觀念》一文中指出：“??閱讀方法不僅是機械地解釋字義，記誦文名句，研究文法修辭的法則，最緊要的還在多比較，多歸納，多揣摩，多體會，一字一句都不輕易放過，務必發現它的特性。惟有這樣閱讀，才能發掘文章的蘊蓄，沒有一點含糊。也惟有這樣閱讀，才能夠養成用字詞造句的好習慣，下筆不至于有損失。”可見指導學生對課文中語句“多比較、多歸納、多揣摩、多體會”，這是培養學生閱讀能力的最重要的方法。多比較就是在閱讀時恰到好處的創設相關情境，并以此為參照對象，對課文中的詞句進行比較推敲，從而認識作者用詞造句的精妙，不斷增強“語感”。多歸納就是指導學生歸納層意、段意、寫作方法等，使其從中獲得概念，發展語文能力。多揣摩就是經常指導學生思索推敲詞句的內涵，琢磨作者的言外之意，從而深刻理解課文的內容，學習作者用詞造句的技巧。多體會就是引導學生理解體會課文中緊扣中心的重點詞句怎樣表情達意，刻畫人物形象和描繪事物特點的，從而使學生領會課文蘊含的感情，受到高尚情操的熏陶。

二、培養學生良好的閱讀習慣

《全日制義務教育語文課程標準》指出：“閱讀教學的主要任務是：培養學生的閱讀能力和良好的閱讀習慣。”閱讀習慣雖屬非智力因素，但它對智力因素和閱讀能力的提高起著積極的促進作用。為使學生學會思考與讀書，真正養成良好的閱讀習慣，我認為應從以下六個方面進行培養： 1.專心致志的讀書習慣

專心致志的讀書習慣要在激發閱讀興趣上下功夫：選擇學生喜歡讀的書，以培養學生的興趣；選擇革命故事書，以陶冶學生的情操；提出程度適中或有一定坡度的問題，提高學生閱讀的注意力等等，這樣才能使學生全身心地投入到閱讀之中，達到專心致志的讀書目的，即所謂的“鉆進書本”。2.有目的地訓練學生形成良好的閱讀習慣

古人說：“開卷有益”，學生通過閱讀，從中學到很多知識。但是，每次閱讀都有不同的收獲，這就是閱讀的目的性。在教學一篇新課文時，第一次讀，是處理生字詞，初步理解課文內容；第二次讀，要求理解主要內容；第三次，則突出以訓練組為重點，以重點訓練項目為核心，進行扎扎實實地訓練；第四次，第五次??書讀得多了，讀書的目的性也就更明確了，良好的閱讀習慣則逐步形成。3.邊讀邊思考的習慣

在閱讀中培訓學生的思維能力是閱讀教學中的重要任務，因此，讓學生在閱讀中養成勤讀善思、精度品味的習慣，是不容忽視的，即所謂的“跳出書本”。4.不動筆墨不讀書的習慣

這一點即要求只要讀書，就要使用“文房四寶”。在書本上標出不理解或理解模糊的字詞句段，應重點閱讀或求“外援”；圈劃好的語句，進行摘錄加深認識。同時，要求學生人手一冊專用。這樣既培養了學生良好的閱讀習慣，又提高了學生的寫作水平和能力。

5.讀書時勤翻工具書，利用資料的習慣

古人云：“君子生非易也，善假于物也。”讓學生學會使用工具書的方法，養成良好的查閱資料的習慣，以充實閱讀的內容，加深理解的過程，從中學到更多的知識。

6.參加讀書實踐的習慣

教師根據教材的特點，按照各類文體的一般閱讀方法，為學生設計具體的操作性讀書步驟，并對每一個讀書步驟提出明確的要求，然后留有比較充分的時間讓學生進行讀書實踐，再進行檢測，反饋信息，必要的矯正。讓學生進行目標明確、步驟合理、檢測嚴格的閱讀實踐，真正體現學生為主體，讀書為主線，養成良好的參加實踐的閱讀習慣。

良好的閱讀習慣，不是一朝一夕能養成的，它要求教師不斷地激發學生在閱讀中的求知欲，通過學生自身的投入、參與、探索，掌握閱讀的方法和步驟，擴大閱讀量，達到閱讀的目的，從而為今后的自學打下基礎。

三、用好自讀課本，培養學生的自學能力

《全日制義務教育語文課程標準》指出：“課外閱讀可以加速培養并提高學生聽說讀寫的能力；可以豐富學生的生活，開闊視野，增長知識；可以激發學生的興趣，發揮特長，發展個性；可以陶冶學生的情操，使學生得到思想教育。”在指導學生運用自讀課本的過程中，教師應發揮主導作用，指導學生掌握讀書方法，每周設立一節指導課，教學生讀書方法。

閱讀教學中，指導學生“多比較、多歸納、多揣摩、多體會”，養成良好的閱讀習慣，能“令學生運其才智、勤其練習、領悟之源廣開，純熟之功彌緊”（葉圣陶語），從而不斷提高學生的閱讀能力。

12、伊索寓言

一、教學目標：

1、能正確、流利、有感情地朗讀課文。

2、學會本課10個生字。兩條綠線內的4個只識不寫。理解由生字組成的詞語。

3、知道這三則寓言的故事，能從寓意中獲得教益。教學重點：能結合生活中的例子體會寓意。

教學準備：課前布置學生閱讀《伊索寓言》，了解有關《伊索寓言》的資料。教學時間：三課時

二、學生狀態解讀：

這篇文章對于心智不太成熟、閱歷頗為單純的學生來說，他們往往不能一下子就能有所領悟，尤其是這篇內蘊較深的課文，這樣設計導語就能激起學生的興趣，拓展學生的思維。

三、文本教材解讀：

《狐貍與葡萄》，作者告訴我們：有些人無能為力，做不成事，卻偏偏說時機還沒有成熟。這種現象在現實中屢見不鮮，比比皆是。當他們無能為力，做不成事時，多會為自己找借口。中國人最為直接的表現，是阿Q的精神勝利法。課文中的狐貍，為什么會吃不到葡萄卻說葡萄酸哪？這是理解寓意的關鍵。我看有四條：一是狐貍特別想吃葡萄。狐貍看到葡萄饞得直流口水，是最好的說明。二是狐貍，真是沒有能力吃到葡萄。所以它想盡辦法，也是白費勁。三是狐貍非常失望。你看，它感到無望，不就是感到沒有希望。狐貍沒有吃到葡萄的難過、失望，盡出。四是狐貍心存不甘。“只好轉身離開中的”“只好”，活畫出狐貍想吃吃不到，又不情愿、舍不得離開的窘態。在這種心里的作用下，狐貍才為自己找借口，自我嘲諷：“這些葡萄肯定是酸的，不好吃。”雖是一篇小文章，用字煉句之精煉，令人折服。

《牧童和狼》的寓意中，暗含了一個因果關系：因為一貫說謊，即使說了真話，也沒有人會相信。一貫說慌的行為，導致了即使說了真話，也沒有人相信。故事的內容、寓意，學生一看即明。重點在于理解這種一貫說謊的危害。故事為了突出這種危害，采用對比的手法寫一貫說謊時牧童與村民的表現：哈哈大笑——驚慌失措，喊破喉嚨——沒人前來幫忙；用對比的手法寫牧童狼來先后的神態變化：哈哈大笑——嚇壞、慌忙、喊破喉嚨。通過對比研讀，學生明確牧童與村民前后的系列變化，都是由于牧童一貫說謊造成的。且這些詞語感情色彩強烈，給讀者震撼，給讀者警醒。

《蟬和狐貍》中的蟬，為什么能夠從別人的災難中吸取教訓，因為它是一個聰明人。這是理解寓意的重點。故事中哪些地方表現蟬聰明？一為察覺。蟬因為得到烏鴉的教訓，很快察覺其中有詐。二為實驗。它摘了一片樹葉扔下來，狐貍果然上當，以為是蟬，猛撲過去。三為推理。蟬從狐貍的糞便里摻雜蟬的翅膀中，推理出狐貍想吃它的本意。這是從現象中推理，推理是人類重要的思維能力。四為用外交的手法。蟬對狐貍的話，柔中帶鋼，用商量的語氣顯得客氣。“你看，朋友，??”。它看似客氣，實為譏諷狐貍。

四、教學準備：投影片

五、常規活動：

龜兔賽跑

寓意:驕兵必敗；只有持之以恒，才能實現目標。披著獅皮的驢 寓意:外表雖然可以暫時掩蓋一個人的缺點，但它很容易被揭穿。披著羊皮的狼 寓意:事物的外表有時候會掩蓋它的本質，所以我們不能只憑表面現象就作判斷。口渴的烏鴉 寓意:有些東西雖然看起來微不足道，但如果積少成多，便會帶來很大變化。狐貍和山羊寓意:處于困境之中的人為了擺脫困境，往往不惜犧牲別人的利益，所以他們的建議常常是不可信的。

六、教學過程：

第一課時

一、了解寓言及《伊索寓言》的有關知識。

1、同學們都很喜歡看寓言故事，那你們知道寓言故事有什么特點嗎？ 寓言，是通過一個小故事，用比喻、擬人等手法，來說明某個道理或教訓的文學作品，往往帶有諷刺和勸誡的性質。

2、簡介《伊索寓言》及其作者。伊索是公元前6世紀的希臘寓言家，曾經是一個奴隸。他機智幽默，聰穎過人，在兒童心目中始終扮演一個故事大王的角色。《伊索寓言集》是人類文明史上的一座豐碑。它的內容十分在一定歷史條件下，題材相當廣泛，從不同角度反映了古希臘的社會現實和風土人情，尤其集中反映了下層社會里奴隸的思想感情。《伊索寓言集》里的角色大都由動物擔任。這些動物和人一樣，會思考，能說話，從本質上說仍是人的化身，代表著當時社會上的各色人物。

二、引入課題，初讀寓言。

1、今天我們繼續學習伊索的寓言，課文共有三個故事。我們首先來學習《狐貍和葡萄》。（板課題）學生齊讀課題。

2、提出初讀要求：想想這則寓言講了什么故事，注意生字的讀音，讀通讀順句子。

3、匯報初讀情況。學生說說自己對寓言內容的理解。提醒學生注意“狐貍”在一起連讀時，“貍”讀輕聲，“讒”讀翹舌音，“酸”讀平舌音。

三、細讀課文，領會寓意。

1、齊讀第一、二自然段。

2、自讀每自然段。思考：從哪些詞句可以看出狐貍非常想吃葡萄？（饞得直流口水 想盡各種辦法自己先找出來讀一讀。師生交流。

3、小組合作討論：狐貍能想到哪些方法去夠葡萄？

4、“白費勁”說明了什么？你能想象出此時狐貍的神情嗎？

5、自讀第二段。思考：從哪些句子可以看出狐貍在“白費勁”、“無望”的情況下，仍然對葡萄戀戀不舍？

6、同學們吃過成熟的葡萄嗎？是什么滋味？狐貍為什么說葡萄肯定是酸的，不好吃？

默讀第三自然段。從上面的故事你能知道“無能為力”是什么意思嗎？你怎么理解這段話？

提示寓意對照前面的故事或生活中的事例把你所讀懂的道理講給同學聽聽。

四、作業：熟讀課文。

第二課時

一、故事引入，提示課題。

1、大家還記得我們熟悉的那個《狼來了》的故事嗎？誰來給同學們講一講。

2、這個故事也是選自《伊索寓言》，今天我們就來學習這個故事。（板課題）齊讀課題。

二、初讀寓言，了解內容。

1、自讀寓言，要求：讀準字音，讀通讀順句子。想想這則寓言講了什么故事？

2、指名讀，說說講了一件什么事？

三、細讀寓言，領會寓意。

1、默讀第一和第二自然段，邊讀邊想：在“好幾次”和“后來”發生的事情中，牧童和村民們各有什么不同的表現？引導學生抓住重點詞語，進一步讀懂課文。狼沒來

牧童：幾次大叫

（說謊）

村民：聞聲趕來（上當）不禁哈哈大笑（捉弄村民）

驚慌失措（氣憤）狼來了

牧童：嚇壞大叫

（真話）

村民：沒人幫忙（不相信）

2、體會：牧童兩次“大叫”時的不同情感，村民兩次聽到“大叫”的不同情感。

3、生活中你有經歷過或見過聽過類似的例子嗎？

4、齊讀最后一個自然段，說說自己對寓意的理解。

四、細讀寓言，體會寓意。

1、想想《狐貍和烏鴉》和《蟬和狐貍》這兩個故事有什么相似之處，又有什么不同之處？

2、相似的是狐貍為了達到自己不可告人的目的，都在說奉承話。“故意”點出狐貍的假心假意，“贊嘆”是為吃蟬而設下的“圈套”。不同之處是烏鴉上當了，而蟬沒有上當。

3、讀第三、四自然段，思考：蟬為什么沒有上當？ 蟬：“察覺??有詐”“摘下??扔下來”

（頭腦很清醒，保持警覺，進行試探。）

理解“有詐”。狐貍：“以為是蟬”“猛撲過去”（露出了真面目）

4、讀第五自然段，說說自己對寓意的理解。

引導學生體會蟬不僅有智慧，更重要的是它能從同伴的災難中吸取教訓。（生活中有沒有類似的例子）

五、積累遷移。

選一兩個你喜歡的寓言故事，講給別人聽。

七、作業設計：

1、抄寫三個寓言故事的寓意，能結合實際說一說。

2、收集伊索的寓言故事，在班級開展“故事會”。

3、自己試著寫一寫小寓言故事。

八、板書設計：

《伊索寓言》

古代社會（小孩）現代社會（成人）（簡單、幼稚）（復雜、狡猾）

九、資料鏈接：

伊索寓言 △西方寓言的始祖

△影響人類文化的100本書之一

△世界上最古老的寓言集

△一本生活的教科書

△對西方倫理道德、政治思想影響最大的書

△鑒別善惡美丑的啟蒙教材

作者：伊索（古希臘），公元前６世紀成書，羅念生譯。

伊索出生于小亞細亞的弗律基亞，曾在一個名叫克珊托斯的富人家為奴，由于聰穎智慧，被解除奴隸身份并獲得自由；他曾游歷各地，給人們講述寓言故事。據說小亞細亞的呂底亞國王克洛索斯非常器重他，派他出使德爾斐，結果伊索遇害身亡。

《伊索寓言》是古希臘人生活智慧的結晶，通俗易懂，文字簡練，被譽為西方寓言的始祖。它反映的內容很多，絕大部分是講做人的道德準則方面的問題。他的出現奠定了寓言作為一種文學體裁的基石，早已超越出地理的界限，在歐洲文學史上產生深遠而廣泛的影響，成為后世作家創作的源泉和藍本。

★中國作家、學者錢鐘書說：《伊索寓言》大可看得。它至少給予我們三個安慰。第一，這是一本古代的書，讀了可以增進我們對于現代文明的驕傲。第二，它是一本小孩子讀物，看了愈覺得我們是成人了，已超出那些幼稚的見解。第三，這部書差不多都是講禽獸的，從禽獸變到人，你看這中間需要多少進化歷程。

▲《狼和小羊》：狼想吃小羊，道貌岸然地掩飾自己的罪行，但當純樸的小羊戳穿他虛偽的面孔時，狼便露出了強橫的本性。（對于那些存心作惡的人，任何正當的辯解都不起作用。）

▲《農夫和蛇》：農夫在冬天見到一條蛇凍僵了，于是將它放到懷中暖熱。蛇醒后咬了恩人一口，農夫中毒而死。

▲《龜兔賽跑》：烏龜和兔子進行比賽，烏龜依靠堅持不懈地努力戰勝了一路懈怠的兔子。

▲《狐貍和葡萄》：狐貍看見架上的葡萄，但是它又摘不到，臨走時，說葡萄是酸的。

★《伊索寓言》是16世紀末17世紀初，由意大利傳教士利瑪竇、龐迪我引譯至中國的。清末各種譯本相繼出現，1955年人民出版社出版了中國第一個由古希臘文直接翻譯的《伊索寓言》。◎有些人能力小，辦不成事，卻推托時機未成熟。◎挑選什么樣的朋友，自己就是什么樣的人。◎對惡人即使仁義不盡，他們的本性也是不會改變的。◎一直說謊的人即使說了真話，也沒有人會相信。◎雖然慢，只要堅持不懈，最終會贏得勝利。

讀書指導：

我讀書，我快樂

一、導讀引路，激發興趣。

1、請同學介紹《伊索寓言集》和伊索其人。

2、請一兩個同學講伊索寓言故事。

二、明確讀書要求，制訂讀書計劃。

1、伊索寓言版本較多，選擇合適自己的一本進行閱讀，要持之以恒，讀完整本書。

2、養成不動筆墨不讀書的良好習慣。

自己的書：可以在書上圈圈畫畫，也可以在書上隨手記下自己的感想和體會。借來的書：在自己的讀書筆記上作記錄，也可自抽讀書卡片，抄寫點明故事寓言的語句。

采用各種方式隨時留下自己的讀書思考痕跡。

3、制訂讀書計劃，鼓勵學生做到每天必看，根據自己的情況大體的、規定一個時間表，一般可在一個月左右完成。

三、后繼活動，深化閱讀效果。

在全班同學都讀完《伊索寓言集》后，組織學生交流心得體會，聯系具體故事談談自己讀了以后的感受，有哪些心得，獲得怎樣的思想啟迪，對“我讀書我快樂”有哪些體會。

練習三

教學目標：

1、借助京劇《紅燈記》，了解諺語和戲劇的關系，明白唱段中的弦外之音。

2、寫好鋼筆字和毛筆字。

3、誦讀和感悟美文《幸福》。

4、口語交際：學會拒絕。教學重難點：

1、了解諺語和戲劇的關系。

2、口語交際：學會拒絕。教學時間：三課時 教學過程：

第一課時

課時目標：學會聯系劇情領會唱詞的弦外之音，了解和戲曲有關的諺語；寫好鋼筆字，注意整體布局。

一、教學第一題（語文與生活）

1、教學第一部分。

（1）導入：同學們，京劇是中國的國粹，而現代京劇在對傳統京劇進行變革的基礎上，更講究唱詞的優美和內涵。

（2）播放錄音，出示劇照：《紅燈記》的故事發生在抗日戰爭時期，共產黨員李玉和由于叛徒出賣而被捕。在敵人的酒席宴上，在牢房里，在刑場上，李玉和英勇頑強，堅貞不屈。李奶奶鼓勵鐵梅經受考驗，迎接斗爭。殘暴的敵人無計可施，最后殺害了李玉和、李奶奶。鐵梅繼承父親、奶奶的遺志，在黨組織和群眾的幫助下，機智地擺脫了敵人的追捕，勝利地完成了黨交給的任務。對照題中唱詞來聽，了解大意。

（3）思考：劇中人物為什么要這樣說，你能聽得懂這段話的弦外之音嗎? 聯系劇情交流，再細讀這段話。

2、教學第二部分——再次放錄音。

3、教學第三部分。（1）出示諺語。

（2）思考：這些諺語表達了什么意思？

理解這些諺語的意思：掌握戲曲藝術，必須從小苦練功夫，鍥而不舍，持之以恒，才能卓有成效。練習讀諺語。

（3）指導朗讀和背誦。

二、教學第二題（寫好鋼筆字）

1、重點指導“郊野、碧藍、嫦娥”等詞和整體布局。

2、根據描紅情況及時小結。

第二課時

課時目標：讀背《幸福》，通過和續寫的對比誦讀增加積累；學寫毛筆字。

一、第三題（誦讀與感悟）

1、出示《幸福》。

2、思考：“幸福”在文中是什么含義？

結合課文內容交流：幸福，不在于取得，而在于奉獻。

3、指導朗讀和背誦。

4、拓展：幸福還會是什么？

二、教學第五題（學寫毛筆字）

1、出示學生優秀書法作品讓學生欣賞。

2、邊范寫邊講解虎字頭、病字頭的書寫方法。

第三課時

課時目標：練習口語交際——學會拒絕別人。

一、故事導入

1、講述：一次記者招待會上，有位外國記者問周恩來總理中國的國庫中一共有多少錢？這是國家機密，是不容泄露的。總理想了想回答說：有18元8角8分。眾人大惑不解。周總理解釋說：人民幣的面值分別為1分、2分、5分，1角、2角、5角，1元、2元、5元、10元，這些錢加起來就是18元8角8分，眾人聽了都哈哈大笑。周恩來是出色的政治家、外交家，語言幽默機智。他的回答既拒絕了對方的提問要求，又達到了不傷害對方感情的目的。，這種方法就叫婉轉拒絕。

2、揭題：當我們面對自己的親人、老師、好朋友、同學或者一些陌生但又善意的朋友，如果他們提出的要求你不能接受，但又不想傷害他們，你將怎么去做呢？最好的方法就是婉轉拒絕。

二、具體指導

1、思考：明明今天遇上了個小難題，他最要好的朋友丁丁請他周六下午一起去看電影，可明明每個周六下午都要上英語輔導班，明明不想耽誤英語學習，可又擔心丁丁不高興，不知道該怎么辦，他該怎么辦？

2、思考：芳芳是個小書迷，星期天，媽媽又給她買來一本芳芳最喜歡的《愛的教育》。芳芳正看得開心，她的小鄰居壯壯來了，非要借這本書。要知道，這個壯壯可是個毀書大王，同學們說，芳芳該怎么辦？ 對于別人不合理的要求，我們要學會拒絕。但是，拒絕的學問可大呢。同學們想想，芳芳該怎么說呢？

3、思考：還有一種情況，當別人給你提出的要求有一定危害性時，我們不光要拒絕，還要指出錯誤所在，規勸他人。例如有人約你周末去網吧打游戲，你該怎么辦？好好想想，可以和鄰桌同學商量。

三、合作交流

1、看來同學們已經學會了如何拒絕。書中還有兩個問題，同學們鄰桌為一組，選擇一題，進行練說。

2、總結：在日常生活中，我們難免會遇到自己不能接受或不合理的事情，這個時候就要有拒絕的藝術，拒絕的不卑不亢，不傷和氣，希望同學們在生活中不斷學習拒絕的方法，在與人交往中成熟起來。