第一篇：羅斯福在賓西法尼亞大學演講

Adress at University of Pennsylvania

Franklin Roosevelt …

Benjamin Franklin, to whom this University owes so much, realized too that while basic principles of natural science, of morality and of the science of society were eternal and immutable, the application of these principles necessarily changes with the patterns of living conditions from generation to generation.I am certain that he would insist, were he with us today, that is the whole duty of the philosopher and the educator to apply the eternal ideals of truth and goodness and justice in terms of the present and not terms of the past.Growth and change are the law of all life.Yesterday’s answers are inadequate for today’s problems---just as the solutions of today will not fill the needs of tomorrow.Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation.It is the function of education, the function of all of the great institutions of learning in the United States, to provide continuity for our national life---to transmit to youth the best of our culture that has been tested in the fire of history.It is equally the obligation of education to train the minds and the talents of our youth;to improve, through creative citizenship, our American institutions in accord with the requirements of the future.We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.It is in great universities like this that the ideas which can assure our national safety and make tomorrow’s history, are being forged and shaped.Civilizations owes most to the men and women, known and unknown, whose free, inquiring minds and restless intellects could not be subdued by the power of tyranny.This is no time for any man to withdraw into some ivory tower and proclaim the right to hold himself aloof from the problems and the agonies of his society.The times call for bold belief that the world can be changed by men’s endeavor, and that this endeavor can lead to something new and better.No man can sever the bonds that unite him to his society simply by averting his eyes.He must ever be receptive and sensitive to the new;and have sufficient courage and skill to face novel facts and to deal with them.If democracy is to survive, it is the task of men of thought, as well as men of action, to put aside pride and prejudice;and with courage and singleminded devotion---and above all with humility---to find the truth and teach the truth that shall keep men free.We may find in that sense of purpose, the personal peace, not of repose, but of effort, the keen satisfaction of doing, the deep feeling of achievement for something far beyond ourselves, the knowledge that we build more gloriously than we know.

第二篇：羅斯福就職演講

羅斯福就職演講

胡佛總統(tǒng)，首席法官先生，朋友們： 今天，對我們的國家來說，是一個神圣的日子．我肯定，同胞們都期待我在 就任總統(tǒng)時，會像我國目前形勢所要求的那樣，坦率而果斷地向他們講話．現(xiàn)在 正是坦白、勇敢地說出實話，說出全部實話的最好時刻．我們不必畏首畏尾，不 老老實實面對我國今天的情況．這個偉大的國家會一如既往地堅持下去，它會復(fù) 興和繁榮起來．因此，讓我首先表明我的堅定信念：我們唯一不得不害怕的就是 害怕本身--一種莫名其妙、喪失理智的、毫無根據(jù)的恐懼，它把人轉(zhuǎn)退為進所需 的種種努力化為泡影．凡在我國生活陰云密布的時刻，坦率而有活力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都得 到過人民的理解和支持，從而為勝利準備了必不可少的條件．我相信，在目前危 急時刻，大家會再次給予同樣的支持． 我和你們都要以這種精神，來面對我們共同的困難．感謝上帝，這些困難只 是物質(zhì)方面的．價值難以想象地貶縮了；課稅增加了；我們的支付能力下降了； 各級政府面臨著嚴重的收入短缺；交換手段在貿(mào)易過程中遭到了凍結(jié)；工業(yè)企業(yè) 枯萎的落葉到處可見； 農(nóng)場主的產(chǎn)品找不到銷路； 千家萬戶多年的積蓄付之東流． 更重要的是，大批失業(yè)公民正面臨嚴峻的生存問題，還有大批公民正以艱辛 的勞動換取微薄的報酬．只有愚蠢的樂天派會否認當前這些陰暗的現(xiàn)實． 但是，我們的苦惱決不是因為缺乏物資．我們沒有遭到什么蝗蟲的災(zāi)害．我 們的先輩曾以信念和無畏一次次轉(zhuǎn)危為安，比起他們經(jīng)歷過的險阻，我們?nèi)源罂?感到欣慰．大自然仍在給予我們恩惠，人類的努力已使之倍增．富足的情景近在 咫尺，但就在我們見到這種 情景的時候，寬裕的生活卻悄然離去．這主要是因 為主宰人類物資交換的統(tǒng)治者們失敗了，他們固執(zhí)己見而又無能為力，因而已經(jīng) 認定失敗了，并撒手不管了．貪得無厭的貨幣兌換商的種種行徑．將受到輿論法 庭的起訴，將受到人類心靈理智的唾棄． 是的，他們是努力過，然而他們用的是一種完全過時的方法．面對信貸的失 敗，他們只是提議借出更多的錢．沒有了當誘餌引誘 人民追隨他們的錯誤領(lǐng)導(dǎo) 的金錢，他們只得求助于講道，含淚祈求人民重新給予他們信心．他們只知自我 追求者們的處世規(guī)則．他們沒有眼光，而沒有眼光的人是要滅亡的． 如今，貨幣兌換商已從我們文明廟宇的高處落荒而逃．我們要以千古不變的 真理來重建這座廟宇． 衡量這重建的尺度是我們體現(xiàn)比金錢利益更高尚的社會價 值的程度． 幸福并不在于單純地占有金錢；幸福還在于取得成就后的喜悅，在于創(chuàng)造努 力時
的激情．務(wù)必不能再忘記勞動帶來的喜悅和激勵，而去瘋狂地追逐那轉(zhuǎn)瞬即
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逝的利潤．如果這些暗淡的時日能使我們認識到，我們真正的天命不是要別人侍 奉，而是為自己和同胞們服務(wù)，那么，我們付出的代價就完全是值得的． 認識到把物質(zhì)財富當作成功的標準是錯誤的，我們就會拋棄以地位尊嚴和個 人收益為唯一標準，來衡量公職和高級政治地位的錯誤信念；我們必須制止銀行 界和企業(yè)界的一種行為，它常常使神圣的委托混同于無情和自私的不正當行 為．難怪信心在減弱，信心，只有靠誠實、信譽、忠心維護和無私履行職責．而 沒有這些，就不可能有信心． 但是，復(fù)興不僅僅只要改變倫理觀念．這個國家要求行動起來，現(xiàn)在就行動 起來． 我們最大、最基本的任務(wù)是讓人民投入工作．只要我信行之以智慧和勇氣，這個問題就可以解決．這可以部分由政府直接征募完成，就象對待臨戰(zhàn)的緊要關(guān) 頭一樣，但同時，在有了人手的情況下，我們還急需能刺激并重組巨大自然資源 的工程． 我們齊心協(xié)力，但必須坦白地承認工業(yè)中心的人口失衡，我們必須在全國范 圍內(nèi)重新分配，使土地在最適合的人手中發(fā)表揮更大作用． 明確地為提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價值并以此購買城市產(chǎn)品所做的努力，會有助于任務(wù)的 完成．避免許多小家庭業(yè)、農(nóng)場業(yè)被取消贖取抵押品的權(quán)利的悲劇也有助于任務(wù) 的完成． 聯(lián)邦、各地政府立即行動回應(yīng)要求降價的呼聲，州、有助于任務(wù)的完成． 將 現(xiàn)在常常是分散不經(jīng)濟、不平等的救濟活動統(tǒng)一起來有助于任務(wù)的完成．對所有 公共交通運輸，通訊及其他涉及公眾生活的設(shè)施作全國性的計劃及監(jiān)督有助于任 務(wù)的完成．許多事情都有助于任務(wù)完成，但這些決不包括空談．我們必須行動，立即行動． 最后，為了重新開始工作，我們需要兩手防御，來抗御舊秩序惡魔卷土從來； 一定要有嚴格監(jiān)督銀行業(yè)、信貸及投資的機制：一定要杜絕投機；一定要有充足 而健康的貨幣供應(yīng)． 以上這些，朋友們，就是施政方針．我要在特別會議上敦促新國會給予詳細 實施方案，并且，我要向 18 個州請求立即的援助． 通過行動，我們將予以我們自己一個有秩序的國家大廈，使收入大于支出． 我 們的國際貿(mào)易，雖然很重要，但現(xiàn)在在時間和必要性上，次于對本國健康經(jīng)濟的 建立．我建議，作為可行的策略、首要事務(wù)先行．雖然我將不遺余力通過國際經(jīng) 濟重新協(xié)調(diào)所來恢復(fù)國際貿(mào)易，但我認為國內(nèi)的緊急情況無法等待這重新協(xié)調(diào)的 完成． 指導(dǎo)這一特別的全國性復(fù)蘇的基本思想并非狹隘的國家主義． 我首先考慮的 是堅持美國這一整體

體中各部分的相互依賴性--這是對美國式的開拓精神的古老 而永恒的證明的體現(xiàn)． 這才是復(fù)蘇之路，是即時之路，是保證復(fù)蘇功效持久之路．
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在國際政策方面，我將使美國采取睦鄰友好的政策．做一個決心自重，因此 而尊重鄰國的國家．做一個履行義務(wù)，尊重與他國協(xié)約的國家． 如果我對人民的心情的了解正確的話，我想我們已認識到了我們從未認識的 問題，我們是互相依存的，我們不可以只索取，我們還必須奉獻．我們前進時，必須象一支訓練有素的忠誠的軍隊，愿意為共同的原則而獻身，因為，沒有這些 原則，就無法取得進步，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)就不可能得力．我們都已做好準備，并愿意為此原 則獻出生命和財產(chǎn)，因為這將使志在建設(shè)更美好社會的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)成為可能．我倡議，為了更偉大的目標，我們所有的人，以一致的職責緊緊團結(jié)起來．這是神圣的義 務(wù)，非戰(zhàn)亂，不停止． 有了這樣的誓言，我將毫不猶豫地承擔領(lǐng)導(dǎo)偉大人民大軍的任務(wù)，致力于對 我們普遍問題的強攻．這樣的行動，這樣的目標，在我們從祖先手中接過的政府 中是可行的．我們的憲法如此簡單，實在．它隨時可以應(yīng)付特殊情況，只需對重 點和安排加以修改而不喪失中心思想，正因為如此，我們的憲法體制已自證為是 最有適應(yīng)性的政治體制．它已應(yīng)付過巨大的國土擴張、外戰(zhàn)、內(nèi)亂及國際關(guān)系所 帶來的壓力． 而我們還希望行使法律的人士做到充分的平等，能充分地擔負前所未有的任 務(wù)．但現(xiàn)在前所未有的對緊急行動的需要要求國民暫時丟棄平常生活節(jié)奏，緊迫 起來． 讓我們正視面前的嚴峻歲月，懷著舉國一致給我們帶來的熱情和勇氣，懷著 尋求傳統(tǒng)的、珍貴的道德觀念的明確意識，懷著老老少少都能通過克盡職守而得 到的問心無愧的滿足．我們的目標是要保證國民生活的圓滿和長治久安． 我們并不懷疑基本民主制度的未來．合眾國人民并沒有失?。麄冊诶щy中 表達了自己的委托，即要求采取直接而有力的行動．他們要求有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的紀律和方 向．他們現(xiàn)在選擇了我作為實現(xiàn)他們的愿望的工具．我接受這份厚贈．

在此舉國奉獻之際，我們謙卑地請求上帝賜福．愿上帝保信我們大家和每一 個人，愿上帝在未來的日子里指引我．

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第三篇：羅斯福就職演講

羅斯福全名：富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福(Franklin D.Roosevelt)(1882—1945)18歲時考入哈佛大學，攻讀政治，歷史和新聞專業(yè)，又在哥倫比亞大學攻讀法律。后來從政，先后任過紐約州參議員和州長。中年時，他因患 脊髓灰質(zhì)炎(Poliomyelitis、Polio)，雙腿癱瘓，只能以輪椅代步。他任美國總統(tǒng)期間，實行新政，維護了美國資本主義制度，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)美國參加世界人民反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭，并取得勝利。

President Hoover, Mr Chief Justice, my friends: this is a day of national consecration.And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the presidency, I will address them with a candour and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.This is pre-eminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today.This great nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnarrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of Americabroad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time.I can do no less.We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity;with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values;with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike.We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.We do not distrust the future of essential democracy.The people of the United States have not failed.In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action.They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership.They have made me the present instrument of their wishes.In the spirit of the gift I take it.In this dedication-in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.May He protect each and every one of us.May He guide me in the days to come.

第四篇：富蘭克林羅斯福就職演講

PresidentHoover, Mr.Chief Justice, my friends:

This is a day of national consecration.And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americansexpectthat on my inductioninto the Presidency, I will address them with a candor and a decision whichthe present situation of our people impels.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor needwe shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today.This great Nation will endure,as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief thatthe only thing we have to fear is fear itself nameless,unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts toconvert retreatinto advance.In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigorhas met with that understanding and support of the people themselves whichis essential to victory.And I am convinced that you will againgive that support to leadership in these critical days.In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties.They concern, thankGod, only material things.Values have shrunk to fantastic levels.taxes have risen.our abilityto pay has fallen.government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income.themeans of exchange are frozenin the currents of trade.the withered leaves of industrialenterprise lie on every side.farmers find no markets for their produce.and the savings ofmany years in thousands of families are gone.More important, a host of unemployed citizensface the grim problem of existence, and an equally greatnumber toil with little return.Only afoolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance.We are stricken by no plague oflocusts.Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed andwere not afraid, we have stillmuch to be thankful for.Nature still offers her bounty andhuman efforts have multiplied it.Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of itlanguishes in the very sight of the supply.Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed,through their own stubbornness and their ownincompetence, have admitted their failure, and haveabdicated.Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of publicopinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.True,they have tried.But their efforts havebeen cast in the pattern of an outworntradition.Faced by failure of credit, they haveproposed only the lending of more money.Stripped of the lure of profit by whichto induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfullyfor restored confidence.They only know the rules of a generation of selfseekers.They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization.Wemay now restore that temple to the ancient truths.The measure of that restoration lies in theextent to which we apply social values more noble thanmere monetary profit.Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money.it lies in the joy of achievement, in thethrill of creative effort.The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten inthe mad chase of evanescentprofits.These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they costus if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but tominister to ourselves, to our fellow men.Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in handwith the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to bevalued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit.and there mustbe an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too oftenhas given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing.Small wonder that confidence languishes, for itthrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, andon unselfish performance.withoutthem it cannot live.Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone.This Nation is asking for action, and action now.Our greatest primary task is toput people to work.This is nounsolvable problem if we face itwisely and courageously.It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by theGovernment itself, treating the task as we would treatthe emergency of a war, but at thesame time, through this employment, accomplishing great greatlyneeded projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our greatnatural resources.Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of populationin our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to providea better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, andwith this the power to purchase the output of our cities.It can be helped by preventingrealistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our smallhomes and ourfarms.It can be helped by insistence thatthe Federal, the State, and the local governmentsact forthwith on the demand thattheir cost be drastically reduced.It can be helped by theunifying of relief activities which today are often scattered,uneconomical, unequal.It can behelped by national planning for and supervisionof all forms of transportation and ofcommunications and other utilities thathave a definitely public character.There are manyways in which it can be helped, but it cannever be helped by merely talking aboutit.We must act.We must act quickly.And finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require twosafeguards against a return of the evils of the old order.There must be a strict supervision of all banking andcredits and investments.There must be anend to speculation with other people's money.Andthere must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.These, my friends, are the lines of attack.I shall presently urge upon a new Congress inspecial session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shallseek the immediate assistance of the 48 States.Through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house inorder and making income balance outgo.Our international trade relations, thoughvastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary tothe establishment of a sound national economy.Ifavor, as a practical policy, the putting of firstthings first.I shall spare no effort torestore world trade by international economic readjustment.but the emergency athome cannot wait on that accomplishment.The basic thoughtthat guides these specific means of national recovery is notnationally narrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a firstconsideration, upon the interdependenceof the various elements in and parts of the United States of America arecognition of the old and permanently importantmanifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.It is the wayto recovery.It is the immediate way.Itis the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this Nationto the policy of the good neighbor: theneighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights ofothers.the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreementsin and with a world of neighbors.If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before,our interdependence on each other.that we can not merely take, but we must give as well.that if we are to goforward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice forthe good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made,no leadership becomes effective.We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline,because it makes possible a leadership which aims atthe larger good.This, I propose to offer,pledging that the larger purposes will bind uponus, bind upon us all as a sacred obligationwith a unity of duty hithertoevoked only in times of armed strife.With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of ourpeople dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which wehave inherited from our ancestors.Our Constitution is sosimple, so practicalthat it is possible always tomeet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss ofessential form.That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superblyenduring political mechanism the modern worldhas ever seen.It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife,of world relations.And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislativeauthority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meetthe unprecedented task before us.But it may be that anunprecedented demand and need for undelayed actionmay call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.I am prepared under my constitutional duty torecommend the measures that a strickennation in the midst of a stricken world may require.These measures, or such other measuresas the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within myconstitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.But, in the event that the Congress shall failto take one of these two courses, in the eventthat the national emergency is still critical, I shallnot evade the clear course of duty that will thenconfront me.I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisisbroad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power thatwould be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befitthe time.I can do no less.We face the arduous days thatlie before us in the warm courage of nationalunity.with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moralvalues.with the clean satisfactionthat comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike.We aim at the assurance ofa rounded, a permanent national life.We do not distrust the the future of essential democracy.The people of the United Stateshave not failed.In their need they have registered a mandate thatthey want direct, vigorousaction.They have asked for discipline and directionunder leadership.They have made me thepresent instrument of their wishes.Inthe spirit of the gift I take it.In this dedication Inthis dedication of a Nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.May He protect each and every one of us.May He guide me in the days to come.

第五篇：富蘭克林·羅斯福 就職演講

President Hoover, Mister Chief Justice, my friends: This is a day of national consecration, and I am certain that on this day, my fellow Americans expect that on my induction in the Presidency I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today.This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So first of all, let me express my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself-nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves, which is essential to victory.And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.In such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our common difficulties.They concern, thank God, only material things.Values have shrunken to fantastic levels;taxes have risen, our ability to pay has fallen;government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income;the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade;the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side;farmers find no markets for their produce, and the savings of many years and thousands of families are gone.More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equal and great number toil with little return.Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.And yet, our distress comes from no failure of substance, we are stricken by no plague of locusts.Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have so much to be thankful for.Nature surrounds us with her bounty, and human efforts have multiplied it.Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind’s goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure and have abdicated.Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.True, they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the patten of an outworn tradition.Faced by a failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money.Stripped of the lure of profit by which they induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortation, pleading tearfully for restored confidence.They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers.They have no vision, and when there is no vision, the people perish.Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization.We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths.A measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social value, more noble than mere monetary profits.Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money, it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative efforts, the joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits.These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us, if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered on to, but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.Recognition of the falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of a false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profits, and there must be an end to our conduct in banking and in business, which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrong-doing.Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of our obligation, on faithful protection and on unselfish performance.Without them it cannot live.Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone.This nation is asking for action, and action now.Our greatest primary task is to put people to work.This is no unsolvable problem if we take it wisely and courageously.It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources.Hand in hand with that, we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution in an effort to provide better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.Yes the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the value of the agricultural product and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities.It can be helped by preventing realistically, the tragedy of the growing losses through fore closures of our small homes and our farms.It can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local government act forthwith on the demands that their costs be drastically reduce.It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal.It can be helped by national planning for, and supervision of all forms of transportation, and of communications, and other utilities that have a definitely public character.There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.We must act, we must act quickly.And finally, in our progress toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against the return of the evils of the old order;there must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments;there must be an end to speculation with other people’s money;and there must be provisions for an adequate but sound currency.These, my friends, are the lines of attack.I shall presently urge upon a new Congress in special session, detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 states.Through this program of action, we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order, and making income balance outflow.Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and necessity secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy.I favor as a practical policy the putting of first things first.I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment, but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not narrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a first consideration upon the inter-dependence of the various elements in all parts of the United States of America – a recognition of the old and the permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.It is the way to recovery, it is the immediate way, it is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor.The neighbor who resolutely respects himself, and because he does so, respects the rights of others.The neighbor who respects his obligation, and respects the sanctity of his agreement, in and with, a world of neighbor.If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize what we have never realized before, our inter-dependence on each other, that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well.That if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army, willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline, no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.We are all ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good.This, I propose to offer, we are going to larger purposes, bind upon us, bind upon us all, as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty, hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly, the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.Action in this image, action to this end, is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from my ancestors.Our constitution is so simple, so practical, that it is possible always, to meet extraordinary needs, by changes in emphasis and arrangements without loss of a central form, that is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen.It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations.And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority will be fully equal, fully adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us.But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelay action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity, in the clearest consciousness of seeking all and precious moral values, with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike, we aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.We do not distrust the future of essential democracy.The people of the United States have not failed.In their need, they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action.They have asked for discipline, and direction under leadership, they have made me the present instrument of their wishes.In the spirit of the gift, I take it.In this dedication, in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the blessings of God, may He protect each and every one of us, may He guide me in the days to come.