第一篇：美聯(lián)英語：地震常識及避震逃生教案(雙語)

美聯(lián)英語提供：美聯(lián)英語：地震常識及避震逃生教案（雙語）

An earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the earth's crust, which originates at or below the surface.地震是地殼一次突然的震動(dòng)或運(yùn)動(dòng)，起源于地球表面或以下。

There are two main causes of earthquakes.They can be linked to explosive volcanic eruptions or can be triggered by tectonic activity, with the latter being the cause of most earthquakes.地震由兩種主要原因引起。他們都跟火山爆發(fā)有關(guān)或由建筑活動(dòng)引起的。后者是大多數(shù)地震的原因。

Earthquakes in the UK are all tectonic quakes, triggered when the Earth’s crust is subjected to strain and eventually moves.英國的地震都是由建筑物震動(dòng)，是由地殼繃緊時(shí)最終移動(dòng)引起的。

At the start of a quake there is a sudden movement within the Earth's crust and shock waves move out from that point.震動(dòng)開始時(shí)地殼內(nèi)部有一些突然的移動(dòng)，隨后地震波開始在那一點(diǎn)傳開來。The focus of the earthquake or tremor is often deep below the surface and difficult to map, so what is normally called the epicentre is taken as the point on the Earth directly above it.震中心通常在表面以下深處，很難用地圖表示，所以通常我們所稱的正中心為地球最上方。

There are two scales for defining the strength of an earthquake, the Mercalli Scale and the Richter Scale.地震強(qiáng)度用兩個(gè)級別來定義，Mercalli級別和Richter級別。

Earthquakes emit three types of waves which have their own characteristics.地震發(fā)出兩種波，它們有各自的特征。

Primary waves are identical in character to sound waves.The ground is forced to move forwards and backwards as it is compressed and decompressed.主要波跟聲波的特征相同，當(dāng)?shù)孛姹患訅夯驕p壓時(shí)強(qiáng)迫向前和向后移動(dòng)。

Secondary waves travel more slowly and arrive after the P-waves.They move in all directions, at speeds which depend upon the density of the rocks through which they are moving.They cannot move through liquids.They can move walls and fences, leaving them 'S' shaped.次要波傳播的更慢，發(fā)生在P波之后。它們根據(jù)所穿過巖石的密度以不同的速度向各個(gè)方向移動(dòng)。他們不能穿過液體。但可以穿過墻和籬笆，留下S形狀的痕跡。

Surface waves are formed close to the epicentre and can only travel through the outer part of the Earth’s crust.They are responsible for the majority of the buildings damaged by earthquakes.The ground is made to move in a circular motion, causing it to rise and fall as visible waves move across the ground.表面波在正中心形成，它只能穿過地殼外部，是大多數(shù)建筑物在地震中損壞的原因。地面環(huán)形運(yùn)動(dòng)，引起上升或下降，成為可視波橫穿地面。

地震發(fā)生時(shí)我們要做些什么

1.If you are indoors, duck or drop down to the floor.Take cover under a sturdy desk, table or other furniture.Hold on to it and be prepared to move with it.Hold the position until the ground stops shaking and it is safe to move.Stay clear of

windows, fireplaces, woodstoves, and heavy furniture or appliances that may fall over.Stay inside to avoid being injured by falling glass or building parts.If you are in a crowded area, take cover where you are.Stay calm and encourage others to do likewise.1.如果你在室內(nèi)，低下身子，或是匍匐在地板上。躲在堅(jiān)實(shí)的書桌、餐桌或其它家具之下，以此為遮蓋物。抓緊這些家具，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備行進(jìn)。維持這一姿勢直到地面停止 震動(dòng)，確認(rèn)情況安全后才能移動(dòng)身體。遠(yuǎn)離那些可能會(huì)倒塌的窗戶，壁爐，火爐，大型家具和家用電器。在室內(nèi)還要避免被落下的玻璃或倒塌的建筑物砸傷。如果你 處于一個(gè)比較擁擠的區(qū)域內(nèi)，待在原地則是明智之舉。務(wù)必保持冷靜，并讓他人也按照此法而做。

2.If you are outside, get into the open, away from buildings and power lines.2.如果你在室外，往開闊的地方跑，遠(yuǎn)離高樓和電線。

3.If you are driving, stop if it is safe, but stay inside your car.Stay away from bridges, overpasses and tunnels.Move your car as far out of the normal traffic pattern as possible.If possible, avoid stopping under trees, light posts, power lines, or signs.3.如果你在開車，請停在安全的地方，但不要下車。不要停車于橋梁，天橋和隧道。盡量遠(yuǎn)離常規(guī)的交通路線。如果可能的話，避免將車停在樹下，燈柱下，電線下或 廣告牌下。

4.If you are in a mountainous area, or near unstable slopes or cliffs, be alert for falling rock and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake.4.如果你在山區(qū)，或是在不穩(wěn)定的斜坡或山崖旁，注意那些因地震而從山上滾落下來的巖石和其它山體殘骸。

5.If you are at the beach, move quickly to higher ground or several hundred yards inland.5.如果你在海灘上，馬上往高地跑，或是跑向開闊的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)。

美聯(lián)英語：www.tmdps.cn

第二篇：《地震常識及避震逃生》教案

《地震常識及避震逃生》教案

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合初中一年級學(xué)生的心理特點(diǎn)和認(rèn)知水平以及新課標(biāo)要求，我制定了以下三維目標(biāo)： [知識目標(biāo)]了解地震的成因和前兆，掌握地震來臨時(shí)如何逃生和自救。

[能力目標(biāo)]培養(yǎng)學(xué)生搜集處理信息的能力，學(xué)會(huì)地震發(fā)生時(shí)的避難方式，懂得如何自救和互救。

[情感目標(biāo)]提高地震的安全保護(hù)意識，感受地震災(zāi)害中人與人互相救助的可貴精神，珍愛生命。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：

認(rèn)識和感受地震給人們帶來的巨大損失和災(zāi)難。讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)在地震發(fā)生時(shí)的避難逃生方式，掌握地震中自救互助的本領(lǐng)。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：

知道在地震中如何自救及互救。教法和學(xué)法：

教法：在本節(jié)課的教學(xué)中, 我采用了情境教學(xué)法，合作探究法，體驗(yàn)感悟法，把學(xué)生作為學(xué)習(xí)的主體。

學(xué)法：學(xué)生的學(xué)法主要是自主探究法、體驗(yàn)感悟法、模擬演練法。教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備：

教師和學(xué)生一起收集相關(guān)的資料，教師借助圖片、多媒體輔助教學(xué)。

五、教學(xué)過程

（一）創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，導(dǎo)入新課

1、展現(xiàn)地震發(fā)生前，美麗的風(fēng)景、和諧的生活。問：今天我給大家?guī)砹艘恍┢恋娘L(fēng)景，大家想不想看啊？

[出示幾幅圖片校園圖，圖1、2、3、]在這美麗的校園中，我們幸福地生活著，快樂地學(xué)習(xí)，然而在2008年5月12日14時(shí)28分時(shí)，當(dāng)我們正沉浸在幸福之中時(shí)，隨著一聲轟隆，（出示圖4）樓房倒塌，地面下陷，山石崩塌。我們永遠(yuǎn)忘不了那一天，數(shù)萬人掩埋在廢墟中。（結(jié)束放映）地震爆發(fā)后，我們悲痛萬分，同時(shí)我們也對地震產(chǎn)生恐懼。了解地震知識，如何面對地震，出示課題。（出示圖5）再請同學(xué)們說一說在汶川地震中你自己看到的，聽到的。把收集到的一些圖片介紹給大家，讓學(xué)生感受到地震給我們帶來了什么樣的危害。

2、展現(xiàn)地震發(fā)生后破碎的家園、凄慘的環(huán)境。播放照片（圖6-14）：從房屋的倒塌，到人員的傷亡，以及人們悲痛的表現(xiàn)。

接著引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行感悟。當(dāng)你們看到這些圖片時(shí)你想說什么？學(xué)生自由談感想。接著我借助多媒體課件對地震資料進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。（出示地震形成的圖片15、16）然后引入課題：大自然有不可抗拒的一面，但為了盡量減少地震帶來的傷害，我們有必要去全面、深入地了解關(guān)于地震的信息。

3在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)中我應(yīng)用了探究學(xué)習(xí)法，首先出示問題：地震來了怎么辦？設(shè)定不同的地點(diǎn)：學(xué)校、家中、野外、公共場所。然后通過這樣幾個(gè)步驟來完成：學(xué)生自由說一說，結(jié)合資料講一講，討論交流議一議，匯報(bào)交流記一記。（圖片20、21、22、23、24、25）[教學(xué)預(yù)設(shè)]:我想在學(xué)生結(jié)合資料講一講這一環(huán)節(jié)中可能會(huì)遇到這樣的問題:有的同學(xué)說藏在桌子下有的同學(xué)說藏在桌子旁，那么哪個(gè)答案才正確呢？（出示圖片26）如果有這樣的情況發(fā)生,我可以先讓同學(xué)討論解決,如果還沒有解決,我可以出現(xiàn)事先準(zhǔn)備一段視頻，讓學(xué)生在看視頻的同時(shí)找到答案。假如被壓在廢墟下，如何采取必要的現(xiàn)場自救措施？（圖27）先讓學(xué)生討論你所知道的方法。（圖28、29）讓學(xué)生講一講自己知道的這次汶川地震自救，互救感人的故事。同時(shí)播放在地震中自救感人的視頻，（圖30、31、32）然后讓學(xué)生談一談,你聽了看到這些故事你有什么樣的感受？體會(huì)人們在危難中團(tuán)結(jié)互助精神的可貴。最后教師總結(jié):小震不用跑，大震跑不了，驚慌出意外，就地躲藏好。頭腦要冷靜，靈活對策找。（圖33）[設(shè)計(jì)意圖：此環(huán)節(jié)學(xué)生通過課前搜集資料，課堂討論，匯報(bào)交流來達(dá)到相互學(xué)習(xí)的目的，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力。通過搜集來的故事深深打動(dòng)了學(xué)生的心，使學(xué)生對地震中自救，互救的知識有進(jìn)一步的了解。實(shí)現(xiàn)教師情感，學(xué)生情感和文本所要表達(dá)情感的共振。在教學(xué)過程中我注重了培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)，主動(dòng)探究，合作協(xié)商。]

（五）親身體驗(yàn)，模擬演練

此環(huán)節(jié)我設(shè)計(jì)地震情境，假如我們正在學(xué)校三樓上課，這時(shí)發(fā)生地震，我們將如何自救？找八人前來演示。接著讓同學(xué)們來自評，互評，誰做得好，誰的位置更具有安全性？被埋壓在廢墟下的自救演練，假設(shè)幾種情境，學(xué)生自演互評，總結(jié)在廢墟中逃生方法？①設(shè)法與外界聯(lián)系。②與外界聯(lián)系不上時(shí)可試著尋找通道。試著排開障礙，開辟通道。③要冷靜，要保存體力，等待救援。[設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過學(xué)生的模擬體驗(yàn)，讓學(xué)生更加明確了在地震中如何應(yīng)用學(xué)到的知識，體驗(yàn)人與人之間互相救助的可貴精神，珍愛生命。]

（六）活動(dòng)延伸，災(zāi)難無情人有情

為了讓學(xué)生們感受到災(zāi)難來臨，大愛無限的人間真情，我設(shè)計(jì)了這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。讓孩子們通過互相討論，我們中學(xué)生如何盡自己的綿薄之力，幫助災(zāi)區(qū)人民重建家園，幫助災(zāi)區(qū)孩子重返校園。孩子們可以以小組為單位，將自己節(jié)省下來的零用錢，用過的學(xué)習(xí)用品，舊的衣物……捐獻(xiàn)給災(zāi)區(qū)；也可以走上街頭，通過宣傳防震知識和逃生辦法來進(jìn)行募捐，用自己的力量為社會(huì)出力。

[設(shè)計(jì)意圖]現(xiàn)在的有些學(xué)生有很高的智商，但缺少關(guān)心、關(guān)愛他人的情商，這一環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計(jì)讓學(xué)生懂得人間自有真情在的道理。喚醒學(xué)生內(nèi)心深處想去關(guān)心、幫助他人的美好情感。

第三篇：2010高考英語：地震作文用語及避震知識

剛剛發(fā)生的青海地震讓大家心里都對地震又恨又怕。雖然天災(zāi)我們無法控制，但我們可以做好應(yīng)對措施，這樣就可以盡可能的減少傷亡。

An earthquake is a tremor of the earth's surface usually triggered by the release of underground stress along fault lines.This release causes movement in masses of rock and resulting shock waves.In spite of extensive research and sophisticated equipment, it is impossible to predict an earthquake, although experts can estimate the likelihood of an earthquake occurring in a particular region.In 1935, American seismologist(地震學(xué)家)Charles Richter developed a scale that measures the magnitude of seismic waves.Called the Richter scale, it rates earth tremors on a scale from 1 to 9, with 9 being the most powerful and each number representing an increase of ten times the energy over the previous number.According to this scale, any quake that is higher than 4.5 can cause damage to stone buildings;quakes rated a magnitude of 7 and above are considered very severe.A less-known scale, the Mercalli scale(麥?zhǔn)险鸺?, was devised by Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli to measure the severity of an earthquake in terms of its impact on a particular area and its inhabitants and buildings.Some earthquakes are too small to be felt but can cause movement of the earth, opening up holes and displacing rocks.Shock waves from a very powerful earthquake can trigger smaller quakes hundreds of miles away from the epicenter.Approximately 1,000 earthquakes measuring 5.0 and above occur yearly.Earthquakes of the greatest intensity happen about once a year and major earthquakes(7.0-7.9)occur about 18 times a year.Strong earthquakes(6.0-6.9)occur about 10 times a month and moderate

earthquakes(5.0-5.9)happen more than twice daily.Most earthquakes are not even noticed by the general public, since they happen either under the ocean or in unpopulated areas.Sometimes an earthquake under the ocean can be so severe, it will cause a tsunami, responsible for far greater damage.The greatest danger of an earthquake comes from falling buildings and structures and flying glass, stones and other objects.If you live in an earthquake-prone area, here are some steps that can be taken to minimize risks:

如何應(yīng)對地震：

Affix bookcases, cabinets, refrigerators and furniture to the walls.將書架、櫥柜、冰箱和家具固定在墻上。California and Japan sell silicone

putty kits that can be used to stick dishes and other breakables to the walls.Fit cabinets with “childproof locks,” so doors will remain closed and items won't fly out.鎖好櫥柜。

Have a backpack prepared and attached to the bed, containing shoes, a flashlight and batteries, keys, money, first-aid supplies and medicines, a knife, food, water, ID and insurance information.Attaching the pack to the bed helps to insure that it will not be thrown around during an earthquake.準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)急包。

Keep shoes next to your bed, so you can put them on as soon as a quake begins.將鞋放在床邊。

Have a family evacuation plan including phone numbers and a safe place to which to evacuate.做應(yīng)對地震的演習(xí)。

Establish escape routes from each room in the house.確定逃跑路線。If you are in an earthquake:

If you are indoors, find a secure location to wait out the quake, such as under a heavy table or desk, or in an interior hallway where you can brace yourself between two walls.Doorways are among the safest places to stand, thanks to the strong beams overhead.However, watch out for swinging doors.Stay away from windows.如在室內(nèi)，躲在安全的地方。If you are outdoors, try to get into an open area, away from falling buildings, power lines, trees, etc.如在室外，緊急疏散到空曠地帶。If you are in a crowded public area, crouch down, with your hands protecting your head and neck.如在人口密集的地方，蹲在地上，保護(hù)住頭頸。

If you are in your car, pull over to the side, away from power lines and overpasses, and stay inside the car until the shaking has subsided.如在車內(nèi)，躲著一角，避開電線和車頂，直到震動(dòng)停止。

Be sure to put on shoes immediately, to avoid injury from stepping on broken glass and objects.穿好鞋，以防被玻璃和其他物件所傷。Check yourself and others for injuries.檢查傷口。

Check for gas and water leaks and damage to electrical wires.關(guān)閉煤氣、水管和電線。

Survey the exterior of your home for structural damage to the chimney, roof, foundation and walls.檢查房屋狀況。

Do NOT use your automobile unless there is an emergency.除非緊急，不要用汽車。

If you must leave the area, try to leave word where you can be contacted.如果必須離開，留下你的聯(lián)系信息。

REMEMBER that there may be aftershocks, which can also cause great damage to your surroundings.Be prepared!小心余震!

第四篇：YC200931014云南省地震局《防震避震常識》、《地震知識100問.

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招標(biāo)文件附件（電子文檔）使用權(quán)限聲明及使用承諾書

招標(biāo)人聲明：根據(jù)《中華人民共和國著作權(quán)法》和《中華人民共和國著作權(quán)法實(shí)施條例》，招標(biāo)人提供的《防震避震常識》相關(guān)電子文檔僅限于給投標(biāo)人用于印刷本次招標(biāo)投標(biāo)書文件中的樣品附件，投標(biāo)人不得擴(kuò)大使用范圍，或向其他第三方傳播，開標(biāo)三日內(nèi)，投標(biāo)人必須從電腦及相關(guān)介質(zhì)中刪除全部與上述樣品印刷有關(guān)的電子文檔，如投標(biāo)人違反本聲明，招標(biāo)人將在法律許可的范圍內(nèi)，最大限度追究投標(biāo)人的責(zé)任。

本投標(biāo)人承諾：無論本投標(biāo)人是否中標(biāo)，該電子文檔的全部或部分都不會(huì)被復(fù)制、傳播或留做其他用途，如本投標(biāo)人未在本次招標(biāo)中標(biāo)，相關(guān)電子文檔將在招標(biāo)結(jié)束三日內(nèi)徹底刪除。如本投標(biāo)人有幸在本次招標(biāo)中中標(biāo)，相關(guān)電子文檔將在合同執(zhí)行結(jié)束三日內(nèi)徹底刪除。如因本投標(biāo)人的有意或無意造成對招標(biāo)人著作權(quán)的損害，本投標(biāo)人愿意以最高人民幣壹千萬元對招標(biāo)人進(jìn)行賠償。

承諾人（投標(biāo)人）：（蓋單位章）

法定代表人（或授權(quán)委托代理人）：（簽名）

****年**月**日

第五篇：【美聯(lián)英語】雙語閱讀：青春

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Let's take steps to banish some of the most common negative thoughts many of us repeat to ourselves.Being in a negative space is harmful to our overall well-being, because what you dwell on can easily become self fulfilling if you don't change your mindset.讓我們一起行動(dòng)起來，消滅那些我們經(jīng)常告訴自己的消極想法吧!如果你不改變想法，而是一味地沉浸在消極的念頭中，那么，我們的整個(gè)身心就會(huì)受到影響，因?yàn)椤柏瑝簟币矔?huì)成真。

1.I'm not good enough.我不夠好。

This type of negative thought that can apply to many categories.Maybe you don't think you're a good enough mother or good at a sport.Even if you find yourself lacking in something, there's no need to keep repeating it to yourself.The human brain is an incredible thing.Be inspired by Dr.Jill Bolte Taylor, Harvard-trained neuroscientist who suffered a stroke that left her unable to walk, read, write, talk, or remember her previous life.Dr.Taylor took eight years to recover and has since then written a best-selling book about her experience and appeared on Oprah.Keep on working toward something, and watch the leaps and

bounds you'll make.這種消極想法有很多類型。比如你認(rèn)為自己不是個(gè)稱職的媽媽或不擅長運(yùn)動(dòng)。即使你真的發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的弱點(diǎn)，也沒必要對自己不斷復(fù)述。人腦是神奇的。吉爾泰勒就是個(gè)激勵(lì)的好典型，她是哈佛大學(xué)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)學(xué)專家，中風(fēng)后她就失去了行走、閱讀、書寫、交談的能力了，甚至還失憶了。她花了八年的時(shí)間復(fù)原，用自己的經(jīng)歷寫了暢銷書，還上了奧普拉的節(jié)目。堅(jiān)持做一件事，親眼見證自己的變化。

2.No one cares about me.沒人關(guān)心我。

To accurately say that your family and friends don't care about you would be a very rare situation.Maybe you're being too negative and overlooking the gestures of love they show you.They don't even have to be big gestures, but it's the little things they do for you that count.And people may be reacting to the energy you're putting out;perhaps you think they don't care about you so you don't make any effort in your relationships.Start showing people you care, so they can show you back in kind.And if you don't have good relationships with the people you know, what's stopping you from making new friends?

家人朋友都不關(guān)心你，這種情況其實(shí)不太常見。可能你過于消極的想法使你忽略了他們對你表達(dá)的愛。他們甚至并不需要為你做什么驚天動(dòng)地的大事，正是一些小事才真正打動(dòng)人心。或者你覺得沒人關(guān)心你，所以無需再經(jīng)營人際關(guān)系，但其實(shí)也許人們只有在感知到你的付出后，才會(huì)對你進(jìn)行回報(bào);關(guān)心別人，別人才會(huì)關(guān)心你。如果你和周圍人的關(guān)系處理不好，為何不結(jié)交些新朋友?

3.I really dislike this person.我真的不喜歡這個(gè)人。

If you dislike a person in your work or personal life, focusing on her bad qualities is not going to make things better.You need to let go of your assumptions about her and know that she is human too, which means she makes mistakes.Either you move on and stop thinking and talking about her, or learn to approach her or think about her in a positive manner.Focus on her good qualities, and repeat them to yourself instead of honing in on the unpleasant things.如果工作或生活中有你討厭的人，只關(guān)注她的缺點(diǎn)有害無益。你需要放下對她的所有成見，告訴自己她也是個(gè)人，也有犯錯(cuò)的時(shí)候。要么就不再談?wù)撍拖胫磳W(xué)著去接近她，或想想她好的一面。多想想她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不要再專注于讓你不開心的事情。

4.Why is she better off?

為什么她比我好?

Comparing yourself to someone else is never productive or positive.There's always going to be someone who is younger, prettier, smarter, or richer than you.If you keep coveting what someone else has, then this may cause you to be resentful of them, which will open a whole other negative can of worms.Remember, what they don't have is your whole package.Be appreciative of what you have, because if you want to play the comparison game, remember that there are people who are also worse off than you are.和別人比較永遠(yuǎn)不是有效率和積極的表現(xiàn)。總有比你年輕，漂亮，聰明，富有的人。如果你始終關(guān)注別人擁有什么，會(huì)帶來你對他們的恨意，隨即帶來更多消極的想法。記住，你所擁有的也是他們所沒有的。珍惜你所擁有的東西，如果真的想和別人比較，也別忘了總有

比你差的人。

5.I'll never reach my goal.我永遠(yuǎn)無法達(dá)到目標(biāo)。

If you think you're not going to be able “get there,” think again.There are many people who are worse off and have overcome bigger obstacles than what you are facing.Take, for example, Olympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius, an amputee who overcame his handicap to compete in the Olympics against his able-bodied peers.Everything is within your reach as long as you work hard and have a a positive attitude.如果你認(rèn)為自己達(dá)不到，再想想。比你差的人比比皆是，他們遇到的困難也比你的更大。比如，奧運(yùn)會(huì)短跑選手刀鋒戰(zhàn)士奧斯卡·皮斯托利斯，一個(gè)被截肢的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，戰(zhàn)勝了自己的阻礙，在其他健壯的對手中脫穎而出贏得了奧運(yùn)會(huì)的冠軍。只要你努力付出，有著積極的信念，任何事都能夠做到。