第一篇：2018考研英語：長難句翻譯四步法+實例解析

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

2018考研英語：長難句翻譯四步法+實

例解析

翻譯是考研英語中的固有題型，隨著對長難句考察的側重，近年來的翻譯題中也出現了越來越多的長句子，這往往讓考生感到無從下手。其實，再長的句子，只要找準了主干，把結構分析清楚，正確的理解和翻譯就不在話下。

一般來說，長難句的翻譯可以分四步進行：

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”

【解析】主句：he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column；主句的賓語從句2（直接引語）：The test of any democratic society lies not in...but in...；從句的賓語從句1：how well it can control expression；從句的賓語從句2：whether it givens freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude；從句的讓步狀語從句：however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be；主語的賓語從句2：We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.【譯文】他在《華爾街日報》一篇專欄文章中寫道：“任何一個民主社會的考驗不在于它能多有效地控制各種情感的表達，而在于是否給予了人們最廣泛的思考和表達的自由，無論有時這種結果會引起多大的爭論和憤怒。我們不會在任何威脅面前退卻。”

世上無難事，只怕有心人。通過以上幾個例子，對于長難句的理解和翻譯相信大家會有更深刻的理解。其實，一切長難句都是“紙老虎”，打敗它們的方法就是分析語法和句子結構。2018考研緊緊把握住這個關鍵，相信大家一定可以戰無不勝！綜上就是小編給大家提供的高分技巧，技巧就是牢固的知識點和強悍的答題思路，預祝所有考生2015考研有個好成績。凱程教育：

凱程考研成立于2005年，國內首家全日制集訓機構考研，一直從事高端全日制輔導，由李海洋教授、張鑫教授、盧營教授、王洋教授、楊武金教授、張釋然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高級考研教研隊伍組成，為學員全程高質量授課、答疑、測試、督導、報考指導、方法指導、聯系導師、復試等全方位的考研服務。凱程考研的宗旨：讓學習成為一種習慣；

凱程考研的價值觀口號：凱旋歸來，前程萬里； 信念：讓每個學員都有好最好的歸宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中國最專業的考研輔導機構； 激情：永不言棄，樂觀向上；

敬業：以專業的態度做非凡的事業；

服務：以學員的前途為已任，為學員提供高效、專業的服務，團隊合作，為學員服務，為學員引路。

如何選擇考研輔導班：

在考研準備的過程中，會遇到不少困難，尤其對于跨專業考生的專業課來說，通過報輔導班來彌補自己復習的不足，可以大大提高復習效率，節省復習時間，大家可以通過以下幾個方面來考察輔導班，或許能幫你找到適合你的輔導班。

師資力量：師資力量是考察輔導班的首要因素，考生可以針對輔導名師的輔導年限、輔導經驗、歷年輔導效果、學員評價等因素進行綜合評價，詢問往屆學長然后選擇。判斷師資力量關鍵在于綜合實力，因為任何一門課程，都不是由

一、兩個教師包到底的，是一批教師配合的結果。還要深入了解教師的學術背景、資料著述成就、輔導成就等。凱程考研名師云集，李海洋、張鑫教授、方浩教授、盧營教授、孫浩教授等一大批名師在凱程授課。而有的機構

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

只是很普通的老師授課，對知識點把握和命題方向，欠缺火候。

對該專業有輔導歷史：必須對該專業深刻理解，才能深入輔導學員考取該校。在考研輔導班中，從來見過如此輝煌的成績：凱程教育拿下2015五道口金融學院狀元，考取五道口15人，清華經管金融碩士10人，人大金融碩士15個，中財和貿大金融碩士合計20人，北師大教育學7人，會計碩士保錄班考取30人，翻譯碩士接近20人，中傳狀元王園璐、鄭家威都是來自凱程，法學方面，凱程在人大、北大、貿大、政法、武漢大學、公安大學等院校斬獲多個法學和法碩狀元，更多專業成績請查看凱程網站。在凱程官方網站的光榮榜，成功學員經驗談視頻特別多，都是凱程戰績的最好證明。對于如此高的成績，凱程集訓營班主任邢老師說，凱程如此優異的成績，是與我們凱程嚴格的管理，全方位的輔導是分不開的，很多學生本科都不是名校，某些學生來自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，還有很多是工作了多年才回來考的，大多數是跨專業考研，他們的難度大，競爭激烈，沒有嚴格的訓練和同學們的刻苦學習，是很難達到優異的成績。最好的辦法是直接和凱程老師詳細溝通一下就清楚了。

建校歷史：機構成立的歷史也是一個參考因素，歷史越久，積累的人脈資源更多。例如，凱程教育已經成立10年（2005年），一直以來專注于考研，成功率一直遙遙領先，同學們有興趣可以聯系一下他們在線老師或者電話。

有沒有實體學校校區：有些機構比較小，就是一個在寫字樓里上課，自習，這種環境是不太好的，一個優秀的機構必須是在教學環境，大學校園這樣環境。凱程有自己的學習校區，有吃住學一體化教學環境，獨立衛浴、空調、暖氣齊全，這也是一個考研機構實力的體現。此外，最好還要看一下他們的營業執照。

第二篇：2018考研英語長難句翻譯講解

2018考研英語長難句翻譯講解（2）

長短句是考研英語的一大重難點，打好長短句翻譯基礎，將會給我們的翻譯和作文帶來巨大的幫助。

1.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.【分析】復合句，主句為 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式賓語，真正的賓語是 that 引導的名詞性從句。

【譯文】這類行為使得法院的裁定被認為是公正判決的可能性有所下降。2.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.【分析】復合句。主句為 Constitutional law is political。because 引導原因狀語從句;其中分詞短語rooted in...作定語修飾 choices, 介詞短語 like liberty and property 修飾 concepts。

【譯文】憲法是由植根于自由和所有權等基本社會觀念的選擇造成的，因此它是政治性的。

3.Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【分析】復合句。主句為 Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons，過去分詞短語forced to...作后置定語修飾 those。than 引導比較狀語從句，該從句中的主語 those 由定語從句修飾，因其較長，謂語又因與主句重復而省略為 did，所以用倒裝語序。suggesting...為現在分詞結構作結果狀語，其中包含 that 引導的賓語從句。

【譯文】那些用牙齒咬著筆，表現出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼著筆、表現出沮喪神情的人在看搞笑的動畫片時所作出的反應更豐富。這就證明了表情能夠影響情緒，而不是情緒影響表情。

【拓展】1)contract 作名詞時意為“契約，合同;婚約”;作動詞時意為“締結，訂契約;染上(惡習，疾病等);(使)收縮，(使)緊縮”。2)frown“皺眉，蹙眉”，既是動詞也是名詞。

4.An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers's behavior by itself.【分析】復合句。句子主干為。An awareness...seemed to be enough to alter...。that 引導同位語從句補充說明awareness，其中 they 指代后面的 workers。Be enough to do “足以...”。

【譯文】只要意識到她們在接受實驗，這一意識本身似乎就足以改變工人們的行為。

第三篇：考研英語長難句翻譯：經典一百句

1.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[參考譯文]美國的經濟是以基本的私有企業和市場導向經濟為架構的，在這種經濟中，消費者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務付費來決定什么應該被制造出來。

2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[參考譯文]因此，在美國的經濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結合，一起決定了什么應該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。

3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[參考譯文]另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會反過來降低價格并允許更多的消 費者購買產品。

4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.[參考譯文]在美國經濟中，私有財產的概念不僅包含對生產資源的所有權，也指其他一些特定的權利，如確定一個產品價格和與另一個私人個體(經濟單位)自由簽定合同的權利。

5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.[參考譯文]同時這些計算機記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應地做出人員人事安排。而且它們(計算機)也能為促銷活動找到那些擁有優先權的顧客。

6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.[參考譯文]不計其數的其他商業企業，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃氣電力設施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務。

7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.[參考譯文]殘疾兒童在許多關鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應這些不同。

8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.[參考譯文]在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關注表明了我們社會中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應享有充分發展其能力的機會。

9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing

a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.[參考譯文]它(廣告)能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一個堅固的國內市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。

10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.[參考譯文]除去議會有27件法案來規范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢于推銷一種商品卻不能兌現其在廣告中的承諾。

11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.[參考譯文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達到的，也是非常難做的，因為即便是一個諸如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細節都會具有微妙的說服意味，那么廣告就會如此地乏味以至于沒有人 會關注它。

12.The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.[參考譯文]得到了升遷的工人們，成績進步的學生，學會了一門新語言的外國人一 一這些都是那些有可衡量的結果宋顯示其努力的人們的例證。

13.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.[參考譯文]隨著家庭離開他們原來穩定的社區，離開他們多年的朋友和擴展的家庭關系，非正式的信息流動被切斷了，隨之而去的是對在需要時能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的信心。

14.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.[參考譯文]現在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他／她的特定問題相關的那一點信息的任務不僅復雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招。

15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.[參考譯文]通過遠程會議，專家知識可以在全世界范圍內被分享，而爭論的問題能夠得到解決，同時相關人員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠的開會地點。

16.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.[參考譯文]現在這種讓孩子們和其同學或時間競爭的熱情導致了一個雙層結構，在這個結構里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。

17.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[參考譯文]在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經 驗和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相

互關聯的方式被展示出來。

18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.[參考譯文]英國廣播公司將作為一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會這樣，但是它的角色、它的規模和它的節目現在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。

19.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.[參考譯文]這場辯論是由政府發動的，政府請任何一個對英國廣播公司有意見的人一包括普通的聽眾和觀眾一來說說這個公司好在哪里或壞在哪里，甚至要說說他們是否認為這個公司值得被保留下來。

20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[參考譯文]這種變化通過引入許多的專業因素從而適應了這個新時代的技術要求，并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精力充沛的創業者之后的第二代和第三代人(領導公司)的時候，經常會毀掉那些家族公司的財富。

21.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[參考譯文]這樣巨大而非個人的對資金和產業的操縱極大地增加了股東的數量和他 們作為一個階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負責任的財富的一個因素，這種財富不但遠離了土地和土地擁有者的責任，而且幾乎同樣與公司的負責任的管理毫無關系。

22.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[參考譯文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮的涌現是為了給那些數量很多的“舒 適”階級提供居住場所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了 分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。

23.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.[參考譯文]這樣的“股東”對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關系都不會產生積極的影響。

24.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[參考譯文]代表公司的花錢雇來的經理與工人及其需求的關系更加直接，但是就連 他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私人之間的了解。而在現在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有 這樣的私人關系。

25.Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors;and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.[參考譯文]在許多形成因素當中，我將挑選出這些：這個國家優秀的小學教育：歡 迎新技術的勞動者們：獎勵發明者的做法；而且最重要的是美國人在對 那些技術性事物的非言語的、“空間性的”思考方面的天賦。

26.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.[參考譯文]正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個技術專家思考那些不能被簡化成 能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、非語言表述的過程宋處理的……設計者和發明者……能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。”

27.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.[參考譯文]羅伯特?法歐特曾經這樣寫到：“一個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達了--種新 的思想。”

28.In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.[參考譯文]在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍了一頓。他描述了他 們的活動和戰術，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫異。

29.On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[參考譯文]在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古爾德寫道：“這本書本 身就代表理性。”而它確實是這樣的--而且如果理性成為神造論／地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標準的話，一切就都好辦了。

30.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.[參考譯文]經過了六個月的爭論以及最后16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北 部地區成了世界上第一個允許醫生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當局。

31.Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.[參考譯文]一些機構終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機構，包括教堂，倡導生命之 權的團體和澳大利亞醫學協會，尖銳地抨擊這個法案，指責法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉。

32.In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community

attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.[參考譯文]在澳大利亞--人口老齡化，延長壽命的技術和變化看的社會態度，這 些因素都在發揮作用一一其他的州也會考慮制定相似的關于安樂死的法律。

第四篇：考研英語典型長難句及解析之二

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考研英語典型長難句及解析之二

1.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.結構分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true?。since引導原因狀語從句。此從句中又套嵌一個由關系代詞that引導的定語從句，修飾the high-energy American fashion。在定語從句中，that做主語，makes做謂語，it做形式賓語，不定式短語to combine few farmers with high yields則是真正的賓語（不定式短語內部to combine是主干，few farmers是賓語，with high yields是狀語），possible做賓語補足語。this指代前句中提到的這種困境。energy pinch譯為“能源的匱乏”;in?fashion譯為“用?方法、方式”。

譯文：這種困境將是確定無疑的，因為能源的匱乏，高能量消耗這種美國耕種方式將很難在農業中繼續下去，而這種耕種方式使投入少數農民就可獲得高產成為可能。

2.Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.結構分析:句子的主干是we must be sure?。since引導原因狀語從句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引導的賓語從句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此賓語從句中又套嵌一個由介詞with+which引導的定語從句with which we are comparing our subjects修飾先行詞the scale。scale在此處意為“尺度、衡量標準”。

譯文：既然對智力的評估相比較而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對我們的對象進行比較時，我們所用的尺度能夠提供“有效的”或“公平的”比較。

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3.In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.結構分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively when?and least effectively when?。and連接兩個并列分句，每個并列分句中皆有一個when引導的時間狀語從句分別說明work most effectively和and（work）least effectively。第二個時間狀語從句中還有一個主語從句what?predicted。the tests是主句的主語，work為動詞做謂語。qualities在此處是可數名詞，不譯為“質量”，而譯為“特征”。defined不能直譯為“被定義為”，而應譯為主動語態“界定”。

譯文：一般來說，當所需要測定的特征能被精確界定時，測試最為有效;而當所測定或預測的東西不能被明確界定時，測試效果最差。

4.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.結構分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate?，and thus do not tell how?。and連接兩個并列分句，第二個并列分句中由how引導的賓語從句是一個帶有虛擬條件句的主從復合句，其中had he grown up?（=If he had grown up?）是省略了連詞if的非真實條件句。主句主語的they，在此代指上文提到的tests;able在句中作might have been的表語。underprivileged在此不能譯為“沒有特權的”，而譯為“沒有地位的”或“物質條件差的”。

譯文：例如，測試并不能彌補明顯的社會不公;因此，它們不能說明一個物質條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環境中成長的話，會有多大才干。

5.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans

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extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.結構分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that?。冒號后的復合句是對冒號前部分作進一步說明。復合句中that引導賓語從句，從句中有either?or?引導的兩個并列的介詞結構作狀語，修飾動詞be treated，其中第一個with介詞結構中還有一個省略了關系代詞that或which的定語從句humans extend to other humans，修飾the consideration。it代指上文的觀點，即如果對人權沒有達成一致看法，而談論動物的權利是徒勞的。介詞短語at the outset譯為“從一開始”。動詞invites應轉譯為“使”、“讓”或“促使”。動賓結構extend consideration to意為“給予關懷或關心”，consideration不應譯為“考慮”。

譯文：這種說法從一開始就將討論引向極端，它使人們認為應該這樣對待動物:要么像對人類自身一樣關懷體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。

6.But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.結構分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that?。但It was?that?在本句中不是強調句型。it是指上句中所提到的150億年前形成的巨大云團（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth）;that引導的應是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞the farthest。for引導的是表示原因的分句，分句中還有that引導的定語從句，修飾the patterns and structure。

譯文：但更重要的是，這是科學家們所能觀測到的有關過去的最為遙遠的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結構。

7.Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor，tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers，with their wives and children，were forced into the cities in search of work，and any work，under any condition，that would keep them alive.結構分析:句子的框架是it happened that?。it做形式主語，that引導的從句做真正的主語。主語從句中，又有一個由when引導的時間

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狀語從句，主句為tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers?were forced?，時間狀語從句中從句主語the new factories又帶有一個定語從句that were springing up;that would keep them alive做work的定語從句。spring up意為“發生，出現，建立”。譯文: 于是就出現了這樣的情況:正當新辦的工廠紛紛建立，需要勞動力的時候，成千上萬無家可歸、饑腸轆轆、以農業為生的勞動者攜家帶口，被迫進入城市;他們要找活干，不管什么活兒，不論什么條件，只要不被餓死就行。

8.As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.結構分析:句子的框架是?we have come to believe that?。that引導的從句做believe的賓語從句;此從句中有一個that從句作the sense的同位語從句;同位語從句中又套嵌一個由when引導的時間狀語從句;此時間狀語從句又套嵌一個定語從句that endure，修飾其先行詞discoveries。by way of意為“經由，通過?方法”;reward sb.with意為“以?報答，酬勞”;endure此處應譯為“持久，持續”,不要譯為“忍受，容忍”。

譯文:由于兩三個世紀以來的科學研究成果，我們逐漸相信，如果運用合適的觀察和實驗方法向大自然探究問題，她會真心實意地給我們答復，并且以永垂不朽的發現來報答我們。從這個意義上來說，大自然是可以認識的。

9.These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.結構分析:句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details?。后面緊跟省略了if引導的虛擬條件句were it not for the fact that?，即if it were not for the fact that?;that從句作the fact的同位語從句。此從句中又套嵌一個定語從句，修飾其先行詞the stage;required for reliable weather forecasting為過去分詞短語修飾the kind of measurements。simply譯為“只不過，僅僅”，www.tmdps.cn;免費考研輔導視頻

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不應譯為“簡單地”。

譯文：理論上的認識已達到了這樣一個階段,即現在已能指出需要哪種測量方式才能可靠地預報天氣。如果做不到這一點，那么上述這些新的觀察能力只不過提供了一大堆細節而已。

10.The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes，namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces，has many different versions，of which the following is one.結構分析:句子的框架是The story?has many different versions?。what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes為名詞性從句做介詞of的賓語。namely that a solid body?作the principle of Archimedes的同位語;when immersed in a liquid是省略了主語的過去分詞短語，句子補充完整為when the solid body is immersed in a liquid，修飾其主句a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid?;it displaces是省略了關系代詞that的定語從句修飾the liquid，it代指前面提到的the solid body;同時，of which the following is one又構成先行詞versions的定語從句。displace意為“排（水）”;version不譯為“版本”，此處指“根據個人觀點的（對事件等的）說法，看法”;句尾的one代指a version。

譯文:當固體浸沒到液體中時，固體會失去它所排出的液體的那部分重量，這就是現在通常所謂的阿基米德原理。有關這一發現的故事說法眾多，下面的故事就是其中之一。

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第五篇：考研英語典型長難句及解析之二

考研英語典型長難句及解析之二

The English Original: There were mists over the river and clouds on the mountain and the trucks splashed mud on the roads and the troops were muddy and wet in their capes;their rifles were wet and under their capes the two leather cartridge-boxes on the front of the belts, grey leather boxes heavy with the packs of clips of thin, long 6.5 mm cartridges, buldged forward under the capes so that the men, passing on the road, marched as though they were six months gone with child.譯文一：

河上罩霧，山間盤云，卡車在路上濺泥漿，士兵披肩淋濕，身上盡是爛泥；他們的來福槍也是濕的，每人身前的皮帶上掛有兩個灰皮子彈盒，里面滿裝著一排排又長又窄的六點五毫米口徑的子彈，在披肩下高高哦突出，當他們在路上走過時，乍一看，好像是些懷孕六月的婦人。

譯文二：

河上升起了霧，山上飄著云，載重卡車在大路上泥漿飛濺，士兵們滿身是泥，他們在斗篷里濕漉漉的；他們的步槍也是濕的。在他們的斗篷下，兩個皮制的子彈盒掛在他們腰帶前面，灰色的皮盒沉甸甸的，里面盡是一排排裝著細長的6.5毫米子彈的子彈夾，在斗篷下面鼓了起來，士兵們經過大路向前行進，就像懷了六個月身孕似的。

The English Original:

The mountain that was beyond the valley and the hillside where the chestnut forest grew was captured and there were victories beyond the plain on the plateau to the south and we crossed the river in August and lived in a house in Gorizia that had a fountain and many thick shady trees in a walled garden and a wistaria vine purple on the side of the house.譯文一：

山谷后面那座高山和那個有栗樹林的山坡，已經給拿了下來，而南邊平原外的高原上也打了勝仗，于是我們八月渡河，駐扎在哥里察一幢房子里。這房屋有噴水池，有個砌有圍墻的花園，園中栽種了好多繁盛多蔭的樹木，屋子旁邊還有一棵紫藤，一片紫色。譯文二：

占領了峽谷那邊的那座山和栽著栗樹林子的那個山坡，在平原那邊在南面的平原上也打了勝仗，于是八月里我們過了河，住在戈里齊亞的一所房子里，在四面圍墻的花園里有一個噴泉和許多茂密陰翳的樹木，房子的一邊爬著紫藤，花開得紫英英的。

The English Original:

I practiced with it(pistol), holding below the target and trying to master the jerk of the ridiculous short barrel until I could hit within a yard of where I aimed at twenty paces and then the ridiculousness of carrying a pistol at all came over me and I soon forgot it and carried it flopping against the small of my back with no feeling at all except a vague sort of shame when I met English-speaking people.譯文一：

我練習了一個時期，盡量往靶子的下邊打，想盡方法克服短槍筒那種滑稽的顫跳，到了后來，終于能夠在二十步外打中離靶子一碼遠的地方了，后來我常常感到佩帶手槍的荒唐滑稽，但不久也就忘記了它，隨便吊在腰背上，一點感覺都沒有，除非是偶爾碰到講英語的人，才多少感到有點兒不好意思。譯文二：

我用它練習打槍，把槍舉到靶子以下，竭力控制那可笑的短槍筒的震搖，直到我在二十步的距離瞄準而能命中一碼以內的目標，這才清除了佩帶一支手槍的那份荒唐可笑的心情。我很快忘記了它，我帶著它在我的腰背后磕碰著卻沒有一絲感覺，除非碰到一個講英語的人才微微感到有點害臊。The English Original:

Maybe she would pretend that I was her boy that was killed and we would go in the front door and the porter would take off his cap and I would stop at the concierge’s desk and ask for the key and she would stand by the elevator and then we would get in the elevator and it would go up very slowly clicking at all the floors and then our floor and the boy would open the door and stand there and she would step out and I would step out and we would walk down the hall and I would put the key in the door and open it and go in and then take down the telephone and ask them to send a bottle of Capri bianca in a silver bucket full of ice and you would hear the ice against the pail coming down the corridor and the boy would knock and I would say leave it outside the door please.譯文一： 也許她會把我當做哪個陣亡的愛人，我們于是一同走進旅館的前門，看門人連忙摘帽，我找掌柜的拿鑰匙，她則站在電梯邊等，隨后我們一同走進電梯，電梯開得很慢，的的嗒嗒地過了一層又一層，到了我們那一層時，小郎打開門，站在一邊，她走出去，我走出去，一同順著走廊走，我拿鑰匙去開門，門開了，我們進去，拿下電話機，吩咐他們送一瓶裝在放滿冰塊的銀桶子里的卡普里白葡萄酒來，你聽得見走廊上有冰塊碰著提桶的響聲，小郎敲敲門，我就說請放在門外。譯文二：

她也許會裝著我是她那個陣亡的男朋友。我們從正門進去，侍者會向我們脫帽致禮，我會在服務臺前停下，向服務臺女職員要房間鑰匙，她會侍立在電梯房，接著我們會走進電梯，電梯升得很慢經過每一層都咔嗒一聲響，接著便到了我們那一層。侍役打開電梯門站在那兒，她會走出電梯，我隨著走出電梯，我們就沿著過道走去。我把鑰匙插進房門打開房門走進去，接著便拿起電話要他們送一瓶卡普里白葡萄酒來，要裝在放滿了冰的銀制的冰桶里，你會聽到冰塊碰著桶子的聲音從走廊里傳來，侍者會敲門，我會說請擱在門外就行了。The English Original:

I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice and the expression in vain.We had heard them, sometimes standing in the rain almost out of earshot, so that only the shouted words came through, and had read them, on proclamations that were slapped up by billposters over other proclamations, now for a long time, and I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it.譯文一：

我每逢聽到神圣、光榮、犧牲等字眼和徒勞這一說法，總覺得局促不安。這些字眼我們早已聽過，有時還是站在雨中聽，站在聽覺達不到的地方聽，只聽到一些大聲喊出來的字眼；況且，我們也讀過這些字眼，從人們貼在層層舊公告上的新 上讀到過。但是到了現在，我觀察了好久，可沒看到什么神圣的事，而那些所謂光榮的事，并沒有什么光榮，而所謂犧牲，那就像芝加哥的屠場，只不過這里屠宰好的肉不是裝進罐頭，而是掩埋掉罷了。譯文二：

神圣的、光榮的和犧牲等等這些字眼，以及徒勞無益的豪言壯語常常使我困惑。我們聽到過這些字眼，有時站在雨中，在耳朵幾乎聽不見的地方，以致傳來的只是那些大聲喊叫出來的字眼，我們也曾在張貼布告的人漫不經心地一張疊一張地張貼的公告上讀到過這些字眼。如今經過一段很長的時間，我沒有見到過任何神圣的東西，光榮的東西并不光榮，犧牲像芝加哥屠宰場的牲畜圍場，要是肉無法處理只有把它埋掉了事。

The English Original:

That night at the hotel, in our room with the long empty hall outside and our shoes outside the door, a thick carpet on the floor of the room, outside the windows the rain falling and in the room light and pleasant and cheerful, then the light out and it exciting with smooth sheets and the bed comfortable, feeling that we had come home, feeling no longer alone, waking in the night to find the other one there, and not gone away;all other things were unreal.譯文一：

那天夜晚在旅館里，房間外邊是一條又長又空的走廊，門外邊放著我們的鞋子，房間里鋪著厚厚的地毯，窗外下著雨，房間里則燈光明亮，快樂愉快，后來燈滅了，床單平滑，床鋪舒服，一片興奮，那時的心情，好比我們回了家，不再感覺孤獨，夜間醒來，愛人仍在，并沒有發覺夢醒人去；除了這以外，一切事物都是不真實的。

譯文二：

那天晚上在旅館，我們的房間外面是長長的空寂無人的過道，我們把鞋子放在門外，房間的地板上鋪著一層厚厚的地毯，窗外雨下個不停，房間里明亮，舒適，歡快，隨著燈光熄滅，光滑的床罩，舒適的床榻，使人心情激動，感到我們已經回到了家里，感到我們已不再孤單，半夜醒來發現另一個人仍在身邊沒有離去；其他一切都已變得虛幻。

譯文三：

那晚的旅館，那空蕩蕩的走廊，那放在門外的鞋子，那厚厚的地毯，那窗外的落雨，那開燈時的歡欣和喜悅，那熄燈后體味滑滑的單子和舒適床鋪的那種興奮，那回家的感覺，那再也沒有了的孤單，那夜里醒來發現愛人仍在而沒離去的溫馨!其他一切的一切都已不復存在了。