第一篇：2018年可銳考研英語難句翻譯

可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

2018年可銳考研英語難句翻譯

（三）61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.[參考譯文]但是，對一個小部分學生來說，職業教育也是條可取的路徑。因為在其他因素相同的情況下，技能的嫻熟是得到工作與否的關鍵。

62.Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.[參考譯文]他宣布自己反對使用這種非同尋常的畜牧繁殖技術來克隆人類，并下令.不準聯邦政府基金用于做此類試驗--盡管還沒有人建議這么做--他還請一個以普林斯頓大學校長哈羅得?夏皮羅為首的獨立的專家組在90天內向白宮匯報關于制定有關克隆人的國家政策的建議。

63.In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning”.參考譯文]在5月17日的會議上所討論的這份建議書的序言草案中，夏皮羅提出，專家組已經達成廣泛共識，那就是“試圖通過成人細胞核克隆來制造人類幼兒的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。

64.Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo?s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.[參考譯文]因為現今的聯邦法律已經禁止使用聯邦基金克隆胚胎用于研究或者有意地威脅胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上將保持沉默。

65.If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.[參考譯文]如果試驗是像科學雜志上的報告所示的那樣如實地根據計劃規劃和實施的話，那么對管理層來說，期待研究能夠產生可以用金錢衡量的結果是完全合理的。(北京安 通學校提供)可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

66.It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.[參考譯文]審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準備做什么、怎么做的科學家不應該因為必須一只眼盯著收銀機，一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力。

67.Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”

[參考譯文]如果科學家對標準式樣的整齊劃一的要求就像他論文的寫作所反映的一樣，那么管理層就不該因歧視研究者中的“思維與眾不同的人”，喜歡其中較為傳統的“善于團隊合作”的思想者而受到指責了。

68.The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.[參考譯文]當今人與人在很大程度上的平等--即面對自然淘汰法則人人機會均等，并且連子嗣的數目都一樣--意味著和在印度土著部落中的情況相比，印度中上層階級中已喪失了80%的自然選擇中的優勢。

69.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.[參考譯文]當藝術領域的一個新運動發展成某種流行時尚時，最好應該弄清這場運動倡導者的真正意圖，因為，不管他們的原則在今天看來多么牽強無理，很可能多年以后他們的理論會被視為正常。

70.With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as Literature.71.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, “Pluff!Pluff!” A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.“

[參考譯文]但當我們先是從注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個土耳其軍官和一個保加利亞軍官在橋上動手打架并雙雙掉進河里，而后卻發現該行詩中不過只充斥著”撲通，撲通，185可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

公斤重“這類對他們落水時的動靜以及對軍官們體重的描寫時，我們不免感到困惑不安。

72.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan?s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.[參考譯文]戰后嬰兒潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主導的勞動力市場使得青少年的發展機會變得極為有限，他們已經在不停地質疑為了爬上日本國內那通往優秀學校和體面工作的嚴酷的社會階梯而做出的巨大的個人犧牲。

73.Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the ”Japanese morality of respect for parents“.[參考譯文]去年，當擔任教育部長職務的瀨戶光夫爭辯說二戰后由美國占領當局引入的自由主義革新削弱了日本民族”尊敬父母的道德品質“的時候，輿論嘩然。

74.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan?s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.[參考譯文]隨著經濟的增長，出現了集中化：全國1.19億公民，其中整整76%的人口定居城市：在這里，原來的社區和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒棄，取而代之的是與外界疏于往來的、只由兩代人組成的核心家庭。

75.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared;and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.[參考譯文]如果野心的傳統具有生命力，那么這傳統必會為許多人分享;尤其會受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睞，在這些人中受過良好教育的可不占少數。(北京安通學校提供)

76.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly.Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.[參考譯文]當然，人們現在對成功及其各種標志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。消夏別墅、歐陸旅行、寶馬車--地點、地名以及品牌或許會有變化，但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會亞于一二十年前。

77.Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants;the journalist advocating 可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.[參考譯文]相反，我們被款待看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時候都更供應充足：美國式物質主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進書籍的出版商卻在三星級餐廳享用一日三餐;倡導在人生各個階段的參與民主制的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學校。

78.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule.Nevertheless, the word ”amateur“ does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.[參考譯文]科學領域的專業人員和業余愛好者之間劃不出涇渭分明的界線：因為任何規則都有例外。然而，”業余"一詞的確意味著相關人員不能充分融入職業科學界，尤其未能分享科學圈子的價值。

79.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.[參考譯文]很自然，這種趨勢會在尤以數學或實驗室訓練為基礎的自然學科領域表現最為明顯，并且可以英國的地質學發展作例證來說明。

80.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.

第二篇：2014考研英語難句翻譯之三

2014考研英語難句翻譯之三

一For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers

encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive,component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been

trained to execute one operation efficiently.詞匯突破： philosophy理念(哲學)

the production ofhuge lots of cars 大規模生產汽車

Component-specific equipment 制造專用零件的設備

execute one operation 執行一步操作

efficiently 高效地

主干識別: The mass-production philosophy（of

United States automakers 定語）

encouraged the production of huge lots of cars

其他成分：in order to utilize fully

expensive,component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers目的狀語

who have been trained to execute

oneoperation efficiently.定語從句（who = workers）（翻譯時可以單獨成句）

參考譯文：比如說，美國汽車制造商們的大規模生

產的理念鼓勵大規模生產汽車，目的是為了（不僅）能完全利用昂貴的制造專用零件的設備，而且一些工人經過培訓可以高效的執行單一的操作，這樣以來就能完全充分地利用這些工人時間。

二Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.主干識別: Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism

其他成分： which，in its strongest from，states

that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.定語從句

翻譯點撥：詞匯的處理：

1）a sort of 某種

2)linguistic determinism語言決定論

3)in its strongest form其極端說法是;

4)imprison the mind禁錮思維

5)far-reaching 深遠的;伸得很遠的；

主句的處理：

Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism.Whorf逐漸相信了某種語言決定論；定語從句的處理：

which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society

in its strongest from其極端的說法其極端的說法是認為…和 認為…

狀語的處理：

for the culture of a society

對社會的文化..參考譯文：Whorf逐漸接受了某種語言決定論；這種觀點的極端說法是：語言禁錮了思想，語言的語法模式可以對某種社會文化產生深遠的影響

三When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather[ft=rgb(217, 226),1,verdana]221, than laughed at.主干識別：it is not a mistake

其他成分：狀語：When that happens

冒號引導的一個從句：it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action

同位語：an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.翻譯點撥： When that happens, it is not a mistake指代的合并翻譯：

that(代詞作主語)聯系上下文譯為這種反應直譯：當這種反應發生的時候，這種反應是沒有錯誤的。

合譯：這種反應是沒有錯的詞的點撥： mankind's instinct for moral reasoning 人類道德觀念推理的本能

in action 起作用

rather than 而不是

參考譯文：這種反應并不錯，這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應得到鼓勵而不應遭到嘲弄。

四 Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.【詞匯突破】lawsuit 法律訴訟

compendsate 賠償

warn of 警告

liable 負責

juries 陪審團

【主干識別】or連接兩個并列的句子前一句主干為：a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.后一句為：the thinking has gone has gone so.【其他成分】第一句：luckily狀語；if the doormat or

stove failed to warn of coming disaster狀語；

第二句：since the early 1980s, 狀語；when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes定語從句修飾the early 1980s.【微觀解析】when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes定語從句中holding所接賓語為一獨立主格結構相當于一個名詞，其完整形式是：More companies are liable for their customers’ misfoutunes，其中are 變為being ,being再被省去，詳細內容可以參看獨立主格的講解。

【難點揭秘】這個句子難點就是so 在句子中的位置發生了改變，到了or 后面，而剛好 or so 是一個熟悉的短語可以修飾1980’s是很有可能誤解為：the thinking has gone，這樣句子的意思就反生了完全的改變。

【譯文賞析】幸運的是，如果門墊或者是火爐沒有能警告即將到來的災難，你可以通過一場成功的法律訴訟來賠償你的麻煩。從1980年代的早期以來人們的想法就是這樣的了，那時候法庭認為商家對消費者的不幸應該負擔更多的責任。

第三篇：2018考研英語長難句翻譯講解

2018考研英語長難句翻譯講解（2）

長短句是考研英語的一大重難點，打好長短句翻譯基礎，將會給我們的翻譯和作文帶來巨大的幫助。

1.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.【分析】復合句，主句為 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式賓語，真正的賓語是 that 引導的名詞性從句。

【譯文】這類行為使得法院的裁定被認為是公正判決的可能性有所下降。2.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.【分析】復合句。主句為 Constitutional law is political。because 引導原因狀語從句;其中分詞短語rooted in...作定語修飾 choices, 介詞短語 like liberty and property 修飾 concepts。

【譯文】憲法是由植根于自由和所有權等基本社會觀念的選擇造成的，因此它是政治性的。

3.Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【分析】復合句。主句為 Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons，過去分詞短語forced to...作后置定語修飾 those。than 引導比較狀語從句，該從句中的主語 those 由定語從句修飾，因其較長，謂語又因與主句重復而省略為 did，所以用倒裝語序。suggesting...為現在分詞結構作結果狀語，其中包含 that 引導的賓語從句。

【譯文】那些用牙齒咬著筆，表現出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼著筆、表現出沮喪神情的人在看搞笑的動畫片時所作出的反應更豐富。這就證明了表情能夠影響情緒，而不是情緒影響表情。

【拓展】1)contract 作名詞時意為“契約，合同;婚約”;作動詞時意為“締結，訂契約;染上(惡習，疾病等);(使)收縮，(使)緊縮”。2)frown“皺眉，蹙眉”，既是動詞也是名詞。

4.An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers's behavior by itself.【分析】復合句。句子主干為。An awareness...seemed to be enough to alter...。that 引導同位語從句補充說明awareness，其中 they 指代后面的 workers。Be enough to do “足以...”。

【譯文】只要意識到她們在接受實驗，這一意識本身似乎就足以改變工人們的行為。

第四篇：考研英語長難句翻譯：經典一百句

1.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[參考譯文]美國的經濟是以基本的私有企業和市場導向經濟為架構的，在這種經濟中，消費者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務付費來決定什么應該被制造出來。

2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[參考譯文]因此，在美國的經濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結合，一起決定了什么應該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。

3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[參考譯文]另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會反過來降低價格并允許更多的消 費者購買產品。

4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.[參考譯文]在美國經濟中，私有財產的概念不僅包含對生產資源的所有權，也指其他一些特定的權利，如確定一個產品價格和與另一個私人個體(經濟單位)自由簽定合同的權利。

5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.[參考譯文]同時這些計算機記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應地做出人員人事安排。而且它們(計算機)也能為促銷活動找到那些擁有優先權的顧客。

6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.[參考譯文]不計其數的其他商業企業，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃氣電力設施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務。

7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.[參考譯文]殘疾兒童在許多關鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應這些不同。

8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.[參考譯文]在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關注表明了我們社會中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應享有充分發展其能力的機會。

9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing

a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.[參考譯文]它(廣告)能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一個堅固的國內市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。

10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.[參考譯文]除去議會有27件法案來規范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢于推銷一種商品卻不能兌現其在廣告中的承諾。

11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.[參考譯文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達到的，也是非常難做的，因為即便是一個諸如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細節都會具有微妙的說服意味，那么廣告就會如此地乏味以至于沒有人 會關注它。

12.The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.[參考譯文]得到了升遷的工人們，成績進步的學生，學會了一門新語言的外國人一 一這些都是那些有可衡量的結果宋顯示其努力的人們的例證。

13.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.[參考譯文]隨著家庭離開他們原來穩定的社區，離開他們多年的朋友和擴展的家庭關系，非正式的信息流動被切斷了，隨之而去的是對在需要時能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的信心。

14.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.[參考譯文]現在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他／她的特定問題相關的那一點信息的任務不僅復雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招。

15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.[參考譯文]通過遠程會議，專家知識可以在全世界范圍內被分享，而爭論的問題能夠得到解決，同時相關人員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠的開會地點。

16.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.[參考譯文]現在這種讓孩子們和其同學或時間競爭的熱情導致了一個雙層結構，在這個結構里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。

17.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[參考譯文]在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經 驗和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相

互關聯的方式被展示出來。

18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.[參考譯文]英國廣播公司將作為一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會這樣，但是它的角色、它的規模和它的節目現在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。

19.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.[參考譯文]這場辯論是由政府發動的，政府請任何一個對英國廣播公司有意見的人一包括普通的聽眾和觀眾一來說說這個公司好在哪里或壞在哪里，甚至要說說他們是否認為這個公司值得被保留下來。

20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[參考譯文]這種變化通過引入許多的專業因素從而適應了這個新時代的技術要求，并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精力充沛的創業者之后的第二代和第三代人(領導公司)的時候，經常會毀掉那些家族公司的財富。

21.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[參考譯文]這樣巨大而非個人的對資金和產業的操縱極大地增加了股東的數量和他 們作為一個階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負責任的財富的一個因素，這種財富不但遠離了土地和土地擁有者的責任，而且幾乎同樣與公司的負責任的管理毫無關系。

22.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[參考譯文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮的涌現是為了給那些數量很多的“舒 適”階級提供居住場所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了 分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。

23.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.[參考譯文]這樣的“股東”對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關系都不會產生積極的影響。

24.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[參考譯文]代表公司的花錢雇來的經理與工人及其需求的關系更加直接，但是就連 他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私人之間的了解。而在現在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有 這樣的私人關系。

25.Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors;and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.[參考譯文]在許多形成因素當中，我將挑選出這些：這個國家優秀的小學教育：歡 迎新技術的勞動者們：獎勵發明者的做法；而且最重要的是美國人在對 那些技術性事物的非言語的、“空間性的”思考方面的天賦。

26.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.[參考譯文]正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個技術專家思考那些不能被簡化成 能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、非語言表述的過程宋處理的……設計者和發明者……能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。”

27.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.[參考譯文]羅伯特?法歐特曾經這樣寫到：“一個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達了--種新 的思想。”

28.In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.[參考譯文]在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍了一頓。他描述了他 們的活動和戰術，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫異。

29.On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[參考譯文]在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古爾德寫道：“這本書本 身就代表理性。”而它確實是這樣的--而且如果理性成為神造論／地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標準的話，一切就都好辦了。

30.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.[參考譯文]經過了六個月的爭論以及最后16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北 部地區成了世界上第一個允許醫生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當局。

31.Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.[參考譯文]一些機構終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機構，包括教堂，倡導生命之 權的團體和澳大利亞醫學協會，尖銳地抨擊這個法案，指責法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉。

32.In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community

attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.[參考譯文]在澳大利亞--人口老齡化，延長壽命的技術和變化看的社會態度，這 些因素都在發揮作用一一其他的州也會考慮制定相似的關于安樂死的法律。

第五篇：2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選

可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選

（九）The view from the top, and bottom

老板與員工的意見分歧

Bosses think their firms are caring.Their minions disagree.老板們認為公司對員工關懷備至，但其下屬卻不以為然。

AS WALMART grew into the world s largest retailer, its staff were subjected to a long list ofdos and don ts covering every aspect of their work.隨著沃爾瑪發展成為全球最大零售商，其員工在工作的各方各面都受到了一大堆規則的限制。

Now the firm has decided that its rules-based culture is too inflexible to cope with thechallenges of globalisation and technological change，如今，沃爾瑪已經認識到其以規則為基礎的公司文化過于死板，無法應對全球化和科技變革所帶來的挑戰。

and is trying to instil a values-based culture, in which employees can be trusted to do theright thing because they know what the firm stands for.所以，沃爾瑪正嘗試逐漸培養一種以價值觀為基礎的公司文化，在這種文化中，員工了解公司的主張，所以能夠得到公司的信任，去做他們認為正確的事情。

Values is the latest hot topic in management thinking.價值觀念 是管理學思維最新的熱門話題。

PepsiCo has started preaching a creed of performance with purpose.百事可樂公司已開始宣揚一個信條： 目的性績效。

Chevron, an oil firm, brands itself as a purveyor of human energy , though presumably itdoes not really want you to travel by rickshaw.石油公司雪佛龍在自己的商標上印上 ‘人類體能 的供應商 的字樣，盡管它大概并非真的希望你用人力車代步。

Nearly every big firm claims to be building a more caring and ethical culture.可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

幾乎每一家大型企業都宣稱自身正在發展更為關懷體貼、合乎道德的企業文化。

A new study suggests there is less to this than it says on the label.一項新的研究顯示，實際情況與商家們所標榜的有差距。

Commissioned by Dov Seidman, boss of LRN, a firm that advises on corporate culture, andauthor of How ，LRN的老板、同時也是《怎么做到的?》

a book arguing that the way firms do business matters as much as what they do, andconducted by the Boston Research Group, the National Governance, Culture and LeadershipAssessment is based on a survey of thousands of American employees, from every rung ofthe corporate ladder.的作者多弗?塞德曼委托波士頓研究集團進行這項 國家治理、文化和領導能力評估 的研究，該研究是以對來自公司各個級別的數千位美國雇員的調查為基礎的。

It found that 43% of those surveyed described their company s culture as based oncommand-and-control, top-down management or leadership by coercion—what MrSeidman calls blind obedience.研究發現，有43%的調查對象對其公司的文化有以下描述：以命令和指揮為基礎、自上而下的管理模式或強制式的領導——塞德曼先生稱之為 盲目服從型。

The largest category, 54%, saw their employer s culture as top-down, but with skilledleadership, lots of rules and a mix of carrots and sticks, which Mr Seidman calls informedacquiescence.所占百分比最多的調查對象，即有54%的人認為其公司文化自上而下型的，但公司的領導也有技巧可言，只是規則繁多并存在軟硬兼施的手段，塞德曼先生稱這種為 知情服從型。

Only 3% fell into the category of self-governance , in which everyone is guided by a set ofcore principles and values that inspire everyone to align around a company s mission.只有3%的調查對象屬于 自我管理型，即每個員工都被一套 核心原則和價值 所引導，這套原則和價值激勵每個員工以公司的宗旨為中心進行工作。

The study found evidence that such differences matter.研究也發現一些證據，證明這些公司文化之間的差異事關重大。

Nearly half of those in blind-obedience companies said they had observed 可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

unethicalbehaviour in the previous year, compared with around a quarter in the other sorts of firm.在盲目服從型企業中，幾乎有過半數員工都稱在前一年目睹過有違職業道德的行為，而在其他類型的企業中只有四分之一的員工有此經歷。

Yet only a quarter of those in the blind-obedience firms said they were likely to blow thewhistle, compared with over 90% in self-governing firms.但是，在盲目服從型企業中只有約四分之一的員工說他們可能會揭發這種行為，而在自我管理型企業中卻有90%的員工會進行揭發。

Lack of trust may inhibit innovation, too.同樣，上下級之間缺乏信任會抑制員工創新。

More than 90% of employees in self-governing firms, and two-thirds in the informed-acquiescence category, agreed that good ideas are readily adopted by my company.自我管理型公司中超過90%的員工承認 絕妙的想法很容易會被公司采納，選擇性順從型公司中也有三分之二的員工這樣認為。

At blind-obedience firms, fewer than one in five did.而在盲目服從型公司中，持這種想法的人少于五分之一。

Tragicomically, the study found that bosses often believe their own guff, even if theirunderlings do not.令人哭笑不得的是，研究還發現老板們時常對自己瞎掰的那一套信以為真，即便員工們不以為然。

Bosses are eight times more likely than the average to believe that their organisation is self-governing.老板們相信其公司是自我管理型公司的程度比普通員工高八倍。

Some 27% of bosses believe their employees are inspired by their firm.大約27%的老板認為自己公司的員工能夠被公司所激勵。

Alas, only 4% of employees agree.奈何，只有4%的員工同意此說。可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

Likewise, 41% of bosses say their firm rewards performance based on values rather thanmerely on financial results.同樣，41%的老板稱其公司對績效的獎勵是建基于價值觀之上的，而不僅是業績。

Only 14% of employees swallow this.然而只有14%的員工接受此說。

二．

A big, bad business

點肥成金不現實

Medical firms struggle to profit from weight-loss treatments

制藥公司試圖從減肥治療中獲利

OBESITY is an epidemic to some and an opportunity to others.肥胖癥對某些人來說是傳染病，對別的一些人來說則是機遇。

More than two-thirds of Americans are overweight.超過三分之二的美國人已經超重。

Find a way to battle the bulge and a huge profit might be made.找個辦法和肥胖對抗，說必定就此大賺一筆。

On February 22nd one pharmaceutical firm, Vivus, took a small step towards this goal.找個辦法和肥胖對抗，說必定就此大賺一筆。

A committee advising America s Food and Drug Administration recommended that itapprove Vivus s diet drug, Qnexa.2月22日，Vivus制藥公司朝著這個目標前進了一步。給美國食品藥物管理局做咨詢的一家委員會推薦，Vivus公司的減肥藥Qnexa。

However, the pill s long-awaited final approval may not come until April, if at all.可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

但是，如果獲得批準，該藥品的漫長的最終肯定直到四月份才會到來。

The announcement mostly served as a reminder of what a struggle it is to turn fat intogold.公告主要是提醒人們，這是一場點肥成金的抗爭。

Pharmaceutical and medical-device companies are quite good at treating the conditions thatcome with obesity.制藥和醫療器械公司非常善于解決肥胖帶來的問題。

However, they are dismal at helping consumers lose weight.但是他們無法幫助消費者戰勝肥胖本身，減少體重。

This is not for lack of trying.這不是因為缺乏嘗試。

Take the curious case of the gastric band.以古怪的胃部束帶為例。

Bariatric surgery can lead to weight loss in the long term.Hospitals can make money fromall bariatric procedures, including gastric bypasses , but the gastric band is a rareexample of an opportunity for device-makers to profit from weight loss.肥胖治療手術可以幫助患者在較長的時間內減少體重。醫院就是從這些減肥療程中賺錢，包括胃繞道手術，但是胃部束帶卻是一個罕見的例子，被當成一個器械制造商用來從減肥中賺錢的法子。

Allergan, best known for selling Botox, has tried to use its Lap-Band to tap the obesitymarket.Allergan公司以銷售肉毒桿菌而出名，嘗試用產品Lap-Band打入減肥市場。

It is an inflatable loop which the surgeon fits near the top of the stomach, which helps thepatient feel sated earlier.Lap-Band是一圈松緊帶，外科醫生可以用它繞住患者胃的上部，這樣患者會提前有腹飽感。

Allergan has captured about 70% of the worldwide market for gastric bands and balloons, 可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

butsales are now shrinking.Allergan公司在全球胃部束帶和充氣袋市場占有率達70%，但是如今銷量卻有所下降。

The recession has sapped consumers desire for expensive surgery.經濟不景氣讓消費者忍住做昂貴的手術的欲望。

Some patients have had bands removed because they slipped or proved ineffective.有些病人甚至連束帶也不用了，因為束帶打滑或者沒有效果。

Last year the FDA approved the Lap-Band s use in patients who are only slightly overweight,but insurers have refused to pay.去年，美國食品藥物管理局同意，微超重病人使用 Lap-Band，但是保險公司卻拒絕付款。

In January David Pyott, Allergan s chief executive, said he would scrap an effort to marketthe band for teenagers.一月份，Allergan公司首席執行官David Pyott說，他將放棄在年輕人束帶市場的努力。

He is now trying to convince insurers of Lap-Band s merits, arguing that the $20,000surgery is recouped in saved medical costs within four years.他目前試圖讓保險公司也看到Lap-Band的優點，他認為兩萬美元手術費可以在四年之內通過減少醫療支出收回。

There is some scepticism about his chances of success: The fact that banding is not as goodas bypass has been known by everybody except the PR firms for the band, says LeeKaplan, director of the Weight Centre at Massachusetts General Hospital.至今仍有人懷疑他是否能成功：“事實上使用束帶不必胃繞道手術好，所有人都知道，除了束帶的公關公司，”馬薩諸塞州中心醫院體重中心主任Lee Kaplan如是說。

Drug companies have had even more trouble than device-makers.制藥公司的麻煩甚至比醫療器械公司的還要多。

It has been 13 years since the FDA approved a prescription diet pill.從美國食品藥物管理局批準減肥藥為處方藥到如今已經過了十三年。可銳教育官網http://www.tmdps.cn

That drug, Roche s Xenical, has notorious gastrointestinal side-effects.瑞士羅氏制藥公司的Xenical臭名昭著，該藥會引發胃腸功能的副作用。

The FDA rejected Vivus s Qnexa in 2010 over concerns for the safety of pregnant women andthe quickening of patients heart rates.美國食品藥物管理局于2010年拒絕批準Vivus公司的Qnexa，因為擔心該藥對孕婦的安全造成傷害，擔心該藥會加快患者的心率。

Vivus s new data apparently satisfied the FDA s advisory committee.Vivus公司新的數據顯然讓管理局的咨詢委員會滿意。

However, the agency may yet reject the drug.但是該局還是可能拒絕批準該藥。

Even if Qnexa is approved, it is unclear that patients will buy it.就算Qnexa獲得批準，患者會不會買賬仍不明了。

Qnexa combines two treatments that are already on the market.Qnexa結合了兩種市面上上有的療效。

Both medicines are generic, which means that doctors may prescribe the existing drugsrather than Qnexa s more expensive version.這兩種藥物都是非專利藥，這說明醫生可能會給患者開已有的藥而不選擇Qnexa，后者更貴。

For now, it is more profitable to treat fat patients than to try to make them slim.到目前為止，治療肥胖患者還是要比讓他們減肥更有利可圖。