第一篇：第二部分 歷年考研英語長難句分析

Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.[句子主干]Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…

[語法難點]有并列從句和省略。With引導的是伴隨結構作狀語，修飾的是整個第一分句描述的狀態。and引導的分句省略了謂語動詞marked，所以要注意其實該分句并不隸屬于第一分句，而是與之并列的結構。

[句子翻譯]依賴的最初表現為耐受力增強，用量越來越大才能達到預期效果，一旦停用就會產生不舒服的癥狀。

[翻譯技巧]有些同學遇上伴隨結構就不知道如何翻譯了，其實只要按照原來的語序順次翻譯就是。

13．But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.[句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that…

[語法難點]該句沒有從句結構，而是由and連接的兩個并列成分構成。用would是因為表達了某人的主觀態度和意愿。

[句子翻譯]但他也談到了創作自由與社會責任之間要“努力保持均衡”這一問題。他宣布公司將盡力對可能招致大眾反對的音樂制定各種發行和標識的標準[翻譯技巧]雖然沒有從句結構，但是由于句子太長，有眾多的修飾成分，所以建議還是拆為兩句較好。

14．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.[句子主干]Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before

[語法難點]有省略。close to分句是非限定性定語從句，省略了which was。Before后面的成分是對全句的補充說明，是狀語成分。狀語成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并無定規。之所以用rising，是因為這里需要一個名次性的結構the inflation which was，這樣顯得簡潔得多。

[句子翻譯]七大工業國家的通貨膨脹率去年下降到了2.3%，接近30年來最低水平，今年7月才小幅上漲到2.5%，比許多國家70年代和80年代兩位數低了很多。

[翻譯技巧]the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工業國。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至……”的意思。

15．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.[句子主干]Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have …

[語法難點]主句用現在完成時have been…是因為經濟學家長時間以來關注，現在也在關注，是一個從過去持續到現在的動作。Since引導的是表原因的狀語從句。

[句子翻譯]特別讓經濟學家感到詫異的是，英美兩國的通貨膨脹帶來的是良性的結果，因為傳統的分析方法表明，兩國尤其是美國的經濟生產幾乎沒有出現滑坡。

[翻譯技巧]favorable表示的是“非常好的”，不是“非常喜歡的”，與個人取向沒有關系。productive slack是“生產滑坡”的意思。

16．Actually, it isn't, because it assumesthat there is an agreed account of human rights, which is somethingthe world does not have.[句子主干]Actually it isn’ t, because it assumes that…, which is…

[語法難點]有套合從句。本句為主從復合句。主句很簡單，而because引導的原因狀語從句中，又有一個that引導的賓語從句。這個從句中，主語an agreed account of human rights由一個which引導的飛行定性定語從句修飾，而這個非限定性定語從句中又有一個限定性定語從句the world does not have來修飾something。

[句子翻譯]事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權利有共同的認識為基礎的，而這種共同認識并不存在。

[翻譯技巧]agree為“約定的”意思，agreed account直譯為“約定的看法”，意譯為“共同的認識”。可見翻譯中一定要結合漢語的語言習慣靈活轉換。an agreed account of human rights不可譯為“有同意的人權記錄”。此外，將不定代詞具體化，也更符合漢語習慣。

17．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.[句子主干]Some philosophers argue that…, as part of an exchange of…

[語法難點]該句仍為主從復合句That引導的賓語從句中，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements充當了補充語的角色。

[句子翻譯]有些哲學家論證說，權利只存在社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。

[翻譯技巧]要正確選擇contract的詞義，不要譯成從此“收縮，縮小”Argue不要譯成“爭論”，而要靈活處理成“論證說”。

18．It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.[句子主干]It leads the discussion…: it invites you to think that…, or with…

[語法難點]有并列從句和省略。冒號把句子分成兩部分，后一部分對前面部分作進一步解釋說明。前面部分是簡單句。后面部分是復合句。that引導的賓語從句中，主語是animals，謂語是should be treated，either… or…引導兩個介詞短語作狀語，either引導的介詞短語中，humans extend to other humans是一個省略引導詞that的定語從句。

[句子翻譯]

這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。

[翻譯技巧]it 的所指要明確。leads thediscussion to extremes譯成“將討論引向兩個極端”，at the outset譯成“從一開始”。注意把被動句譯為主動句，更合乎漢語習慣。

第二篇：考研英語長難句分析之_特殊句式(DOC)

第五講 特殊句式及長難句解析

1．簡單句、并列句、復合句

從句: 名詞性：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句

形容詞性：定語從句

副詞性：狀語從句---時間、地點、原因、結果、目的、條件、讓步、比較、方式

2．省略句、比較結構、倒裝句、分割結構

英語中還有一些特殊句式，出現在閱讀理解中，勢必會成為我們理解文章的障礙。但是，特殊句式還是有語法規律的，因此，如果我們能熟練應用特殊句式的語法規律，在閱讀中一眼就能識別并領會這些特殊語法現象，障礙就基本克服了。

1.省略句

資料47 To err is human;to forgive, divine.Brevity is the soul of wit.文體暢曉，其智乃見。（省略是將句子中的贅述部分刪去，避免重復，使句子更簡潔，加強表達內容的連貫性和邏輯性。被省略的部分大多是主語、謂語或謂語中的助動詞等。文章中的省略現象會使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成對文章的理解困難。

省略句一般只有當各組成部分有共同的成分才可能出現省略。對于這類句式，其難點在于發現省略成分，一旦找出并補充完整，句意理解就會大大簡化。

省略句如果出現在翻譯中，在翻譯的時候，一定要把省略的部分翻譯出來，否則會扣分。A：and 連接的并列句的省略

材料48頁：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002）

分析：很明顯，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一個省略句，with做狀語一般表示伴隨，這一個分句只有一個狀語加一個名詞結構，構不成一個完整的句子。實際上，與前句相同的成分才會被省略，前一句的謂語部分是：will continue to be rejected.所以，后一分句補充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.練習：1.The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness.(主語 the reasons)2.He majors in English, and I, in French.(謂語 major)3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay.(省略主謂)B：狀語從句中的省略

規則：當主句的主語與從句主語一致時候，且從句的謂語動詞是Be動詞時候，從句可省略 主 謂。See 材料48頁 1.讓步狀語從句 2 時間狀語從句

3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind.(條件狀語從句)4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing.(方式狀語從句)5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.（比較）

真題例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.這是復合句。in which引導定語從句，修飾astronomical body.介詞except引起的短語作

the more people online, the more potential customers there are。

The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.【分析】本句主干使用了the more…the more…（越……越……）的結構。you have 是省略了引導詞的定語從句，修飾先行詞foreign capital;現在分詞結構helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure作foreign capital的后置定語。逗號之前是由which引導的非限定性定語從句which today is an electronic infrastructure，修飾前面的Third Wave infrastructure。

【翻譯】你擁有的用于建造第三次浪潮基礎設施（今天主要指電子基礎設施）的外國資金越多，你將越富有。

3．倒裝結構

倒裝是一種語法手段，用以強調某一句子結構或某一句子成分。

倒裝分為兩種：將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，叫做完全倒裝；只將助動詞（包括情態動詞）移至主語之前，叫做部分倒裝。

Then began a hot debate between the two parties.(完全倒裝)Never have we found him in such a good mood.（部分倒裝）

理解倒裝句的有效對策是找到句中的主語、謂語，進而將謂語動詞還原到主語之后按照正常語序再來完整的理解該句話。See 材料 51頁

☆ 例句分析：see 材料 59頁

Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.【解析】本句是全部倒裝句，正常語序為The picture…is emerging from the 1980 census…, 倒裝的原因是這個句子主語the picture 后面的現在分詞結構developing more and more regional competition作nation的后置定語。句末是由as引導的時間狀語從句，表示一種伴隨狀態。【翻譯】1980年美國人口普查表明：國家內部地區間的競爭越來越激烈了。

4.分隔結構 所謂分隔結構，就是兩個語法或語義關系密切的成分之間插入了其他成分，造成原本應該緊靠一起的兩個成分相分離的現象。常見的分隔形式有：1.主語與謂語的分隔

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.【分析】本句主干是This success…led Ericsson to conclude…,逗號之間的過去分詞結構coupled with later research…將主語This success和謂語led分隔開，構成了分隔結構。此分隔結構中現在分詞短語showing…作定語，修飾later research；由that引導的賓語從句that memory itself is not genetically determined,作showing的賓語。主句的賓語Ericsson之后的不定式結構to conclude…作賓語補足語，此不定式結構中又包含一個賓語從句that the act…is more…than…,作conclude的賓語，其中包含一個more…than…的比較結構。【翻譯】這項成功以及后來表明記憶本身并不是由基因決定的研究使埃里克遜得出這樣的結論：記憶是一種認知行為，而不是天生的。

2.謂語動詞與賓語的分隔、See 材料 54頁

3.定語或定語從句與先行詞的分隔等

一言九鼎，但安特吉（Entergy）公司顯然不是這樣。這家公司是新英格蘭地區的主要能源供應商。當它在上周宣布摒棄一個長久的允諾的時候 —— 即不再遵守該州嚴格的核能規定，其這一舉動理所當然引起了佛蒙特州（Vermont）人們的強烈憤慨。

相反，公司的所作所為恰恰背離它當初曾許下的承諾：在聯邦法院上挑戰佛蒙特州法規的合憲性。為了竭力維持佛蒙特楊基（Yankee）核電站的運行，背信棄義是它采取的部分手段。這可謂驚世之舉。

這種沖突自2002年以來就出現了苗頭。在2002年，公司購買佛蒙特州僅有的一所核電站 —— 位于佛蒙鎮上的一個日益老化的反應堆。作為讓州政府批準這項購買協議的條件，公司同意在2012年以后向該州的管理部門申請經營權。在2006年，佛蒙特州更進一步，要求核電站的任何執照延期必須經過佛蒙特州立法部門的審批。當時，公司也照著做了。

或許是Entergy公司從未真正想履行這些承諾，或者是根本沒有預見未來會發生的狀況。事故接連不斷發生，包括2007年冷卻塔部分垮塌以及地下管道系統發現了泄露，讓人們對佛蒙特Yankee核電站的安全性及Entergy公司的管理產生了嚴重懷疑 —— 尤其在公司在對管道泄露問題上做出了誤導性表述之后，人們更加懷疑。佛蒙特州的參議院被Entergy公司的行為激怒了，在去年以26票對4票否決了Entergy公司的一個延期申請。

現在，公司突然聲稱，因為2006年制定的法案，2002年的那個協定便失效了，并且只有聯邦政府才具有對核電站問題的監管權。這個案件涉及的法律問題還很模糊：盡管最高法院已經規定各州在核電站的監管上有一定的權力，但是法律學者認為佛蒙特州的情況將會提供一個先例，來驗證這些權力可能延伸到何種程度。當然，人們真正擔心的是，如果各州都制定自己的法規，隨之便產生修補性法規。但是，如果Entergy公司能夠遵守諾言的的話，這種爭論也就沒有意義了。

該公司似乎已經得出結論，它在佛蒙特州已名譽掃地，那么和州政府打一場官司也不擔心會遭受更大的損失。但是，這樣做還是會產生嚴重的影響。公眾出于信任，才允許經營核電站。Entergy公司在美國還經營其他11個反應堆，其中包括普利茅斯（Plymouth）的“朝圣者”（Pilgrim）核電站。公司保證讓Pilgrim核電站安全運轉，并向聯邦政府申請，批準其延長20年的經營許可。但是，當核研究委員會（NRC）在審查公司申請的時候，應該切記Entergy公司的哪些諾言還靠得住。

考研英語語法精講講義(4)：特殊句型之倒裝

作者：新東方屠皓民 閱讀：1256 評論：0 收藏

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基本句型

主謂賓定狀表

I like watching the romantic movies in my spare time.He is a famous teacher in this university.謂語動詞的助動詞 watch---do watched---did watches---does has/have watched---has/have had watched---had can watch---can 全部倒裝

—— 謂語動詞放置在主語之前

An old man lives in the city center.= In the city center lives an old man.A temple stands on the mountain.= On the mountain stands a temple.全部倒裝？

強調句中的地點副詞或狀語 There goes the bus.In the city center lives an old man.Under the tress sat a wounded soldier.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation house-holds.考研閱讀全部倒裝難點： 分詞結構的倒裝

(a)All kinds of sea animal bodies are buried in the deep sea.(b)Our teacher was walking at the head of the line.Buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies.Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.(a)Added to the stress is their opportunity for stress.(2008)(b)Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.部分倒裝

—— 主語和謂語動詞位置不變，將謂語動詞的助動詞放置到主語的前面。Only with you can I feel happy.Little does he care about what I said.什么時候需要部分倒裝？

（1）句首出現否定詞 never, nor, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, few等 I never trust you.= Never do I trust you.He seldom believes the information from the Internet.= Seldom does he believe the information from the Internet.(2)否定詞組在句首

He no longer works for the money, but for the personal development.= No longer does he work for the money, but for the personal development.(3)only+狀語/狀語從句在句首

We can achieve the goal only in this way.= Only in this way can we achieve the goal.(a)Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.(b)Only when the meeting was over was he able to meet his friend.(4)so 或so引導的短語放在句首要部分倒裝 He saw the film.So did she.【 ? So he did.】

-She is a student.8-

第三篇：考研英語典型長難句及解析之二

考研英語典型長難句及解析之二

The English Original: There were mists over the river and clouds on the mountain and the trucks splashed mud on the roads and the troops were muddy and wet in their capes;their rifles were wet and under their capes the two leather cartridge-boxes on the front of the belts, grey leather boxes heavy with the packs of clips of thin, long 6.5 mm cartridges, buldged forward under the capes so that the men, passing on the road, marched as though they were six months gone with child.譯文一：

河上罩霧，山間盤云，卡車在路上濺泥漿，士兵披肩淋濕，身上盡是爛泥；他們的來福槍也是濕的，每人身前的皮帶上掛有兩個灰皮子彈盒，里面滿裝著一排排又長又窄的六點五毫米口徑的子彈，在披肩下高高哦突出，當他們在路上走過時，乍一看，好像是些懷孕六月的婦人。

譯文二：

河上升起了霧，山上飄著云，載重卡車在大路上泥漿飛濺，士兵們滿身是泥，他們在斗篷里濕漉漉的；他們的步槍也是濕的。在他們的斗篷下，兩個皮制的子彈盒掛在他們腰帶前面，灰色的皮盒沉甸甸的，里面盡是一排排裝著細長的6.5毫米子彈的子彈夾，在斗篷下面鼓了起來，士兵們經過大路向前行進，就像懷了六個月身孕似的。

The English Original:

The mountain that was beyond the valley and the hillside where the chestnut forest grew was captured and there were victories beyond the plain on the plateau to the south and we crossed the river in August and lived in a house in Gorizia that had a fountain and many thick shady trees in a walled garden and a wistaria vine purple on the side of the house.譯文一：

山谷后面那座高山和那個有栗樹林的山坡，已經給拿了下來，而南邊平原外的高原上也打了勝仗，于是我們八月渡河，駐扎在哥里察一幢房子里。這房屋有噴水池，有個砌有圍墻的花園，園中栽種了好多繁盛多蔭的樹木，屋子旁邊還有一棵紫藤，一片紫色。譯文二：

占領了峽谷那邊的那座山和栽著栗樹林子的那個山坡，在平原那邊在南面的平原上也打了勝仗，于是八月里我們過了河，住在戈里齊亞的一所房子里，在四面圍墻的花園里有一個噴泉和許多茂密陰翳的樹木，房子的一邊爬著紫藤，花開得紫英英的。

The English Original:

I practiced with it(pistol), holding below the target and trying to master the jerk of the ridiculous short barrel until I could hit within a yard of where I aimed at twenty paces and then the ridiculousness of carrying a pistol at all came over me and I soon forgot it and carried it flopping against the small of my back with no feeling at all except a vague sort of shame when I met English-speaking people.譯文一：

我練習了一個時期，盡量往靶子的下邊打，想盡方法克服短槍筒那種滑稽的顫跳，到了后來，終于能夠在二十步外打中離靶子一碼遠的地方了，后來我常常感到佩帶手槍的荒唐滑稽，但不久也就忘記了它，隨便吊在腰背上，一點感覺都沒有，除非是偶爾碰到講英語的人，才多少感到有點兒不好意思。譯文二：

我用它練習打槍，把槍舉到靶子以下，竭力控制那可笑的短槍筒的震搖，直到我在二十步的距離瞄準而能命中一碼以內的目標，這才清除了佩帶一支手槍的那份荒唐可笑的心情。我很快忘記了它，我帶著它在我的腰背后磕碰著卻沒有一絲感覺，除非碰到一個講英語的人才微微感到有點害臊。The English Original:

Maybe she would pretend that I was her boy that was killed and we would go in the front door and the porter would take off his cap and I would stop at the concierge’s desk and ask for the key and she would stand by the elevator and then we would get in the elevator and it would go up very slowly clicking at all the floors and then our floor and the boy would open the door and stand there and she would step out and I would step out and we would walk down the hall and I would put the key in the door and open it and go in and then take down the telephone and ask them to send a bottle of Capri bianca in a silver bucket full of ice and you would hear the ice against the pail coming down the corridor and the boy would knock and I would say leave it outside the door please.譯文一： 也許她會把我當做哪個陣亡的愛人，我們于是一同走進旅館的前門，看門人連忙摘帽，我找掌柜的拿鑰匙，她則站在電梯邊等，隨后我們一同走進電梯，電梯開得很慢，的的嗒嗒地過了一層又一層，到了我們那一層時，小郎打開門，站在一邊，她走出去，我走出去，一同順著走廊走，我拿鑰匙去開門，門開了，我們進去，拿下電話機，吩咐他們送一瓶裝在放滿冰塊的銀桶子里的卡普里白葡萄酒來，你聽得見走廊上有冰塊碰著提桶的響聲，小郎敲敲門，我就說請放在門外。譯文二：

她也許會裝著我是她那個陣亡的男朋友。我們從正門進去，侍者會向我們脫帽致禮，我會在服務臺前停下，向服務臺女職員要房間鑰匙，她會侍立在電梯房，接著我們會走進電梯，電梯升得很慢經過每一層都咔嗒一聲響，接著便到了我們那一層。侍役打開電梯門站在那兒，她會走出電梯，我隨著走出電梯，我們就沿著過道走去。我把鑰匙插進房門打開房門走進去，接著便拿起電話要他們送一瓶卡普里白葡萄酒來，要裝在放滿了冰的銀制的冰桶里，你會聽到冰塊碰著桶子的聲音從走廊里傳來，侍者會敲門，我會說請擱在門外就行了。The English Original:

I was always embarrassed by the words sacred, glorious, and sacrifice and the expression in vain.We had heard them, sometimes standing in the rain almost out of earshot, so that only the shouted words came through, and had read them, on proclamations that were slapped up by billposters over other proclamations, now for a long time, and I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it.譯文一：

我每逢聽到神圣、光榮、犧牲等字眼和徒勞這一說法，總覺得局促不安。這些字眼我們早已聽過，有時還是站在雨中聽，站在聽覺達不到的地方聽，只聽到一些大聲喊出來的字眼；況且，我們也讀過這些字眼，從人們貼在層層舊公告上的新 上讀到過。但是到了現在，我觀察了好久，可沒看到什么神圣的事，而那些所謂光榮的事，并沒有什么光榮，而所謂犧牲，那就像芝加哥的屠場，只不過這里屠宰好的肉不是裝進罐頭，而是掩埋掉罷了。譯文二：

神圣的、光榮的和犧牲等等這些字眼，以及徒勞無益的豪言壯語常常使我困惑。我們聽到過這些字眼，有時站在雨中，在耳朵幾乎聽不見的地方，以致傳來的只是那些大聲喊叫出來的字眼，我們也曾在張貼布告的人漫不經心地一張疊一張地張貼的公告上讀到過這些字眼。如今經過一段很長的時間，我沒有見到過任何神圣的東西，光榮的東西并不光榮，犧牲像芝加哥屠宰場的牲畜圍場，要是肉無法處理只有把它埋掉了事。

The English Original:

That night at the hotel, in our room with the long empty hall outside and our shoes outside the door, a thick carpet on the floor of the room, outside the windows the rain falling and in the room light and pleasant and cheerful, then the light out and it exciting with smooth sheets and the bed comfortable, feeling that we had come home, feeling no longer alone, waking in the night to find the other one there, and not gone away;all other things were unreal.譯文一：

那天夜晚在旅館里，房間外邊是一條又長又空的走廊，門外邊放著我們的鞋子，房間里鋪著厚厚的地毯，窗外下著雨，房間里則燈光明亮，快樂愉快，后來燈滅了，床單平滑，床鋪舒服，一片興奮，那時的心情，好比我們回了家，不再感覺孤獨，夜間醒來，愛人仍在，并沒有發覺夢醒人去；除了這以外，一切事物都是不真實的。

譯文二：

那天晚上在旅館，我們的房間外面是長長的空寂無人的過道，我們把鞋子放在門外，房間的地板上鋪著一層厚厚的地毯，窗外雨下個不停，房間里明亮，舒適，歡快，隨著燈光熄滅，光滑的床罩，舒適的床榻，使人心情激動，感到我們已經回到了家里，感到我們已不再孤單，半夜醒來發現另一個人仍在身邊沒有離去；其他一切都已變得虛幻。

譯文三：

那晚的旅館，那空蕩蕩的走廊，那放在門外的鞋子，那厚厚的地毯，那窗外的落雨，那開燈時的歡欣和喜悅，那熄燈后體味滑滑的單子和舒適床鋪的那種興奮，那回家的感覺，那再也沒有了的孤單，那夜里醒來發現愛人仍在而沒離去的溫馨!其他一切的一切都已不復存在了。

第四篇：2018考研英語長難句翻譯講解

2018考研英語長難句翻譯講解（2）

長短句是考研英語的一大重難點，打好長短句翻譯基礎，將會給我們的翻譯和作文帶來巨大的幫助。

1.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.【分析】復合句，主句為 That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式賓語，真正的賓語是 that 引導的名詞性從句。

【譯文】這類行為使得法院的裁定被認為是公正判決的可能性有所下降。2.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property.【分析】復合句。主句為 Constitutional law is political。because 引導原因狀語從句;其中分詞短語rooted in...作定語修飾 choices, 介詞短語 like liberty and property 修飾 concepts。

【譯文】憲法是由植根于自由和所有權等基本社會觀念的選擇造成的，因此它是政治性的。

3.Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.【分析】復合句。主句為 Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons，過去分詞短語forced to...作后置定語修飾 those。than 引導比較狀語從句，該從句中的主語 those 由定語從句修飾，因其較長，謂語又因與主句重復而省略為 did，所以用倒裝語序。suggesting...為現在分詞結構作結果狀語，其中包含 that 引導的賓語從句。

【譯文】那些用牙齒咬著筆，表現出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼著筆、表現出沮喪神情的人在看搞笑的動畫片時所作出的反應更豐富。這就證明了表情能夠影響情緒，而不是情緒影響表情。

【拓展】1)contract 作名詞時意為“契約，合同;婚約”;作動詞時意為“締結，訂契約;染上(惡習，疾病等);(使)收縮，(使)緊縮”。2)frown“皺眉，蹙眉”，既是動詞也是名詞。

4.An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers's behavior by itself.【分析】復合句。句子主干為。An awareness...seemed to be enough to alter...。that 引導同位語從句補充說明awareness，其中 they 指代后面的 workers。Be enough to do “足以...”。

【譯文】只要意識到她們在接受實驗，這一意識本身似乎就足以改變工人們的行為。

第五篇：考研英語長難句翻譯：經典一百句

1.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[參考譯文]美國的經濟是以基本的私有企業和市場導向經濟為架構的，在這種經濟中，消費者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務付費來決定什么應該被制造出來。

2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[參考譯文]因此，在美國的經濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結合，一起決定了什么應該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。

3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[參考譯文]另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會反過來降低價格并允許更多的消 費者購買產品。

4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.[參考譯文]在美國經濟中，私有財產的概念不僅包含對生產資源的所有權，也指其他一些特定的權利，如確定一個產品價格和與另一個私人個體(經濟單位)自由簽定合同的權利。

5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.[參考譯文]同時這些計算機記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應地做出人員人事安排。而且它們(計算機)也能為促銷活動找到那些擁有優先權的顧客。

6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.[參考譯文]不計其數的其他商業企業，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃氣電力設施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務。

7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.[參考譯文]殘疾兒童在許多關鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應這些不同。

8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.[參考譯文]在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關注表明了我們社會中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應享有充分發展其能力的機會。

9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing

a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.[參考譯文]它(廣告)能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一個堅固的國內市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。

10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.[參考譯文]除去議會有27件法案來規范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢于推銷一種商品卻不能兌現其在廣告中的承諾。

11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.[參考譯文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達到的，也是非常難做的，因為即便是一個諸如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細節都會具有微妙的說服意味，那么廣告就會如此地乏味以至于沒有人 會關注它。

12.The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.[參考譯文]得到了升遷的工人們，成績進步的學生，學會了一門新語言的外國人一 一這些都是那些有可衡量的結果宋顯示其努力的人們的例證。

13.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.[參考譯文]隨著家庭離開他們原來穩定的社區，離開他們多年的朋友和擴展的家庭關系，非正式的信息流動被切斷了，隨之而去的是對在需要時能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的信心。

14.The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.[參考譯文]現在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他／她的特定問題相關的那一點信息的任務不僅復雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招。

15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.[參考譯文]通過遠程會議，專家知識可以在全世界范圍內被分享，而爭論的問題能夠得到解決，同時相關人員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠的開會地點。

16.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.[參考譯文]現在這種讓孩子們和其同學或時間競爭的熱情導致了一個雙層結構，在這個結構里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。

17.While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[參考譯文]在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經 驗和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品”和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相

互關聯的方式被展示出來。

18.The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.[參考譯文]英國廣播公司將作為一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會這樣，但是它的角色、它的規模和它的節目現在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。

19.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.[參考譯文]這場辯論是由政府發動的，政府請任何一個對英國廣播公司有意見的人一包括普通的聽眾和觀眾一來說說這個公司好在哪里或壞在哪里，甚至要說說他們是否認為這個公司值得被保留下來。

20.The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[參考譯文]這種變化通過引入許多的專業因素從而適應了這個新時代的技術要求，并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。這種效率的降低在精力充沛的創業者之后的第二代和第三代人(領導公司)的時候，經常會毀掉那些家族公司的財富。

21.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[參考譯文]這樣巨大而非個人的對資金和產業的操縱極大地增加了股東的數量和他 們作為一個階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負責任的財富的一個因素，這種財富不但遠離了土地和土地擁有者的責任，而且幾乎同樣與公司的負責任的管理毫無關系。

22.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[參考譯文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮的涌現是為了給那些數量很多的“舒 適”階級提供居住場所。這些人依賴于其豐厚收入而不工作，他們除了 分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社會的其他階層毫無瓜葛。

23.The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.[參考譯文]這樣的“股東”對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關系都不會產生積極的影響。

24.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.[參考譯文]代表公司的花錢雇來的經理與工人及其需求的關系更加直接，但是就連 他對工人們也沒有那種熟識的私人之間的了解。而在現在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有 這樣的私人關系。

25.Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors;and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.[參考譯文]在許多形成因素當中，我將挑選出這些：這個國家優秀的小學教育：歡 迎新技術的勞動者們：獎勵發明者的做法；而且最重要的是美國人在對 那些技術性事物的非言語的、“空間性的”思考方面的天賦。

26.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.[參考譯文]正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個技術專家思考那些不能被簡化成 能被清楚的語言描述的東西。這些東西在他的思維中是通過一種視覺的、非語言表述的過程宋處理的……設計者和發明者……能夠在他們的腦中裝配并操作那些還不存在的裝置。”

27.Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.[參考譯文]羅伯特?法歐特曾經這樣寫到：“一個技師會坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達了--種新 的思想。”

28.In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.[參考譯文]在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍了一頓。他描述了他 們的活動和戰術，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實的程度可能會令這些人有一種不快的詫異。

29.On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.[參考譯文]在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古爾德寫道：“這本書本 身就代表理性。”而它確實是這樣的--而且如果理性成為神造論／地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標準的話，一切就都好辦了。

30.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.[參考譯文]經過了六個月的爭論以及最后16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北 部地區成了世界上第一個允許醫生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當局。

31.Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.[參考譯文]一些機構終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機構，包括教堂，倡導生命之 權的團體和澳大利亞醫學協會，尖銳地抨擊這個法案，指責法案的通過過于匆忙。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉。

32.In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community

attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.[參考譯文]在澳大利亞--人口老齡化，延長壽命的技術和變化看的社會態度，這 些因素都在發揮作用一一其他的州也會考慮制定相似的關于安樂死的法律。