第一篇：2018年考研英語翻譯之分割定語從句

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

2018年考研英語翻譯之分割定語從句

2018年考研英語翻譯技巧：被分割定語從句譯法

通常，定語從句緊跟在先行詞之后，但在具體的運用中，往往也出現有定語從句與先行詞被分隔的現象。本文就定語從句與先行詞分隔的種種情況、分隔的原因及其漢譯進行探討。

一、定語從句與先行詞分隔的形式

1、被謂語分隔，例如：

Many forms of apparatus have been devised by which a more ac-curate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained.人們已經設計出許多醫療器械，通過這些醫療器械，可以對血壓有一個更為精確的了解。

Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was deeply impressed by the originality of his works.來參觀的人幾乎無一不對他的作品的創造性留下深刻印象。

2、被非從句定語分隔，例如：

Singapore is at the start of a long road，already well trodden in the west，that leads to such solutions as shelter and rest homes.新加坡眼下正踏上一條西方國家早已走了很遠的漫長道路，即最終建立收容所和休養院來解決問題。

Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen before?這難道不就意味著，魚兒很快就可能學會避開那些它們常見的魚鉤上的食物嗎?

3、被狀語分隔，例如：

Never say anything behind a person's back that you wouldn't say to his face.當面不愿說的話，千萬不要在背后說。

I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result.我記得曾在一家椅子廠見過六個工人，他們的工作是將幾根鋼管彎曲并組成一把折椅。

4、被補語分隔，例如：

The cook turned pale，and asked the housem aid to shut the door，who asked Brittles，who asked the tinker，who pretended not to hear.廚子的臉色變得蒼白，要女仆把門關上，女仆叫布立特爾關，布立特爾又叫補鍋匠關，而補鍋匠裝著沒聽見。

5、被同位語分隔，例如：

One was a violent thunderstorm，the worst I had ever seen，which obscured my objective.有一次是暴風驟雨，猛烈的程度實為我平生所僅見。這陣暴風雨遮住了我的目標。

二、定語從句與先行詞分隔的原因

1、為了保持句子結構平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，將定語從句與先行詞分隔，例如：

Mr.Leon said in the future，computer would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket.利昂先生說，將來會生產出小得可以放在口袋里的計算機。

2、為了突出或強調主句中的主謂結構所表達的意義，將定語從句與先行詞分隔，例如：

Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries，who will negotiate trade agreem ents with the respective govern-

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

ments.中國已派出貿易代表團前往非洲各國，以便與這些國家的政府商談貿易協定。

The day is not far off when a lot of housework can be done by machine.大量家務活由機器來干的日子不遠了。

3、先行詞所帶的非從句定語常需置于定語從句之前而造成先行詞與定語從句分隔，例如：

There was som ething original，independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.這個方案有創造性，而且別出心裁，又有魅力，所以深得他們的喜歡。

三、與先行詞分隔的定語從句的漢譯

1、將定語從句譯為漢語“的”字結構，置于先行詞之前，例如：

Yet there exist com plex computations in science and engineer-ing which people are unable to make.到目前為止，在科學和工程方面還存在許多人們無能為力的復雜計算。

He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century m entality.他全盤接受這一理論，只是因為這一理論中有一種迎合二十世紀心理的東西。

I think it is clear that each side entertainssuspicions of the other which are unjust.我認為雙方顯然相互懷著沒有正當理由的猜疑。

2、將定語從句單獨譯為一個分句，例如：

There is som ebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有個人在外面等你，我想這個人可能就是你家鄉的一位朋友。

The molecules exert forces upon each other，which depend upon the distance between them.分子相互之間存在著力的作用，該力的大小取決于它們的距離。

The result of this is the retention of too much air in the respiratory tract at each expiration which prevents the fresh air from being taken in at the next inhalation from reaching the lung alveoli.其結果就是在每次呼氣時呼吸道里保留過多的空氣，這樣就在下次吸氣時妨礙吸入的新鮮空氣抵達肺泡里。

3、將定語從句與先行詞溶合譯出，例如：

He is a wise man who speaks little.智者言少。

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第二篇：考研英語翻譯技巧之定語從句

考研英語翻譯技巧之定語從句

一、前置法：把定語從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來連接。

He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.沒有吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學家們努力探索的新領域。

His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。

二、后置法：把定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯為并列分句。

（一）重復先行詞。

I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我們對特別委員會表示滿意，特別委員會的工作應該受到鼓勵。

You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你們的先輩在天文學研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你們現在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他雖然經驗不足，但很有進取心和創造力，而這正是在這一領域獲得成功的關鍵。

（二）省略先行詞。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產已迅速得到提高。

三、融合法：把定語從句和它所修飾的先行詞結合在一起翻譯。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見你。

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我們工廠里，許多人對這項新發明很感興趣。

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.我們駕駛的飛機幾乎每一個部件都有一些國籍標志

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere.她在銀行里的存款足以使她到處受到歡迎

四、狀譯法

（一）譯成表示“時間”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.司機在開車時，不許和人談話，也不能走神。

（二）譯成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太講話，因為她現在異常無禮，令人厭煩。

（三）譯成表示“條件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。

（四）譯成表示“讓步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for 盡管他并沒有這樣的需要，他堅持要再買一幢房子。

（五）譯成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.為了引起公眾對這一事件的注意，他想寫一篇文章。

He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.為了證明他的論點，他正在收集確鑿的材料以。

（六）譯成表示“結果”的分句

They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他們企圖鎮壓反抗，結果反抗愈來愈烈，遍及全國。

（七）譯成表示“轉折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她對孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。

考研英語翻譯技巧之被動語態

一、譯成漢語主動句

保存原文主語

The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.會議定于四月六日舉行。

Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.水能從液體變成固體。] When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place.當銹形成的時候，就發生了化學變化。主賓顛倒

She was given a new pen by her father.她爸爸送給她一支新鋼筆。

Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.這種化學反應能放出熱和光。

Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.現在我們只能利用一小部分太陽能。Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.我國已將通訊衛星用于實況轉播。

The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.下一章提供了有關的數據資料。增加主語

The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.人們對這一問題迄今尚未進行過徹底的探索。She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.有人看見她大致在案發時進入了那座建筑物。

What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.我們在這里所講的話，人們不會長久記住。然而我們在這兒所做的事，卻能改變世界。

二、譯成漢語無主句

Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly.已經采取了措施來防止這種流行病迅速蔓延。

Water can be shown as containing impurities.可以證明，水含有雜質。

The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.必須全部停止這種討厭的噪聲。

三、譯成漢語判斷句

The decision to attack was not taken lightly.進攻的決定不是輕易作出的。Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷術是從中國傳入歐洲的。

The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution.手稿是在法國革命前幾周寄往倫敦付印的。

The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.美國的學分制是1872年在哈佛大學首先實施的。

四、譯成漢語被動句

使用“被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為...所、由...來”等等。The minister was found to have appropriated government money.部長被發現挪用公款。He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.他因拒絕接受總公司的命令而被解雇了。

The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.那名男生在穿過街道時讓一輛小公共汽車撞倒了。He was praised by his teacher.他得到了老師的表揚。

Problems should be resolved in good time.問題應及時加以解決。

For a long period to come, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.在未來較長的一段時間里，中國的老年人仍舊要由家庭來贍養。

五、常用被動句型“It+被動語態+that”的翻譯

It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.有人認為，生物氣候學是一門復雜的學科。

It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.有人強調說，科學的范疇可以分成兩個主要領域：自然科學和社會科學。It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.應該指出，這一過程就是氧化。下面是一些常用被動句型的習慣譯法： It is hoped that...希望，有人希望 It is assumed that...假設，假定 It is claimed that...據說，有人主張 It is believed that...有人想信，大家相信 It is reported that...據報道，據通報 It is considered that...人們認為，據估計 It is said that...據說，有人說

It is supposed that...據推測，人們猜測 It has been announced that...已經宣布 It is asserted that...有人主張

It is rumored that...有人主張 It is rumored that...聽說，謠傳

It is noticed that...有人指出，人們注意到 It is suggested that...有人建議，建議 It is reputed that...人們認為，可以認為 It is learned that...據說，據聞，已經查明 It is demonstrated that...據證實，已經證明 It is estimated that...據估計，有人估計 It is estimated that...有人指出，人們指出 It is pointed out that...有人推薦，有人建議 It is proposed that...有人提出 It was told that...有人曾經說

It was first intended that...最初就有這樣的想法

It will be said that...有人會說

It will be seen from this that...由此可見，因此可知

It was noted above that...前面已經指出 It must be admitted that...必須承認，老實說 It has been illustrated that.據圖示，據說明 It is stressed that...有人強調說 It is stressed that...有人列舉出了 It can not be denied that...無可否認

It can be said without exaggeration that...可以毫不夸張的說

It is sometimes asked that...人們有時會問 It was felt that...有人認識到了

It is universally accepted that人們普遍認為 It is unanimously agreed that..大家一致同意 It is alleged that...據說 It is calculated that...據計算 It has been proved that...已經證明 It has been found that...人們已經發現 It is still to be hoped that...我們仍然希望 It is well-known that..眾所周知，大家都知道 It should be realized that.我們應該認識到.考研英語翻譯技巧之狀語從句

一、時間狀語從句

在英語中，時間狀語從句的連接詞常常有：when（當...的時候），whenever（每當...），as（當...時），since（自從...），until（直到...，如果不....），till（直到...），before（在...前），after（在...后），as soon as（一...就），once（一旦...），the moment（一...就），immediately（一...就），the day（在...那天），no sooner...than（一...就），hardly(scarcely)...when（一...就），the instant（一...就），instantly（一...就），directly（一...就），the minute（一...就），the second（一...就），every time（每當...），by the time（等到....的時候）等。

（一）譯成相應的時間狀語

While she spoke, the tears were running down.她說話時，淚水直流。She came in when I was having supper.我正在吃飯的時候，她進來了。

As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他結束講話的時候，聽眾掌聲雷動。

（二）譯成“一（剛、每）...就”的結構

I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged.我一安排好就通知你。

Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.他剛說出這些話，大家就沉默下來。

（二）譯成條件句

Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果機器發生故障，就把電門關上。

A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.若無外力的作用，靜止的物體不會移動。

We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.如果沒有有關當局的批準，我們不能開始這項工作。

二、原因狀語從句 英語中，原因狀語從句的連接詞常常是：because（因為），since（既然，由于），as（因為），now that（既然），seeing that（既然），considering that（考慮到，因為），in that（在某方面），in view of the fact that（鑒于）。

(一)譯成表示“原因”的分句，放在主句之前翻譯，顯示“前因后果”的關系。The crops failed because the season was dry.因為氣候干旱，作物歉收。We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.由于很多人沒有來，會議只好延期。

(二)有時候可以用漢語的“之所以...是因為”的結構來連接。A ga s differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.氣體不同于固體是因為（就在于）它沒有固定的形狀。

He will get promoted, for he has done good work.他將得到提升，因為他工作干得好。Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.理論之所以有價值，是因為它能給實踐指出方向。

（三）not...because的結構

I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.我之所以教書并不是因為教書對我來說太容易

三、條件狀語從句

英語中連接條件狀語從句的連接詞常常有：if（如果），unless（除非，如果不），providing that（假如），so long as（只要），on condition that（條件是），suppose that（假如），in case（如果），only if（只要），if only（但愿，要是...就好了）等。

（一）翻譯在主句前面。

It was better in case they were captured.要是把他們捉到了，那就更好了。

If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide.假如你把一切都告訴我，那么我就能夠作出決定。

（二）翻譯在主句后面，用來補充說明條件。

You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚就可以出車，如果你愿意的話 No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.毫無疑問，我本來是可以賺到一點的，如果我真有那樣打算的話。

四、讓步狀語從句

英語中，表示讓步關系的連接詞常常有：though（雖然），although（雖然），even if（即使），as（盡管），while（盡管），whatever（無論什么），wherever（無論哪里），whoever（無論誰），however（無論怎樣），no matter（不論，不管），for all that（盡管），granted that（即使），in spite of that fact that（盡管），despite the fact that（不管）等等。No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.不管我說什么，也不管我怎么說，他說是認為我錯了。

While we can not see the air, we can feel it.我們雖然看不見空氣，但卻能感覺到它。

Granted that you don’t like the proposal, you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others.即使你不喜歡這個建議，你也不應該沒有同別人商量就把它否決了。

五、目的狀語從句 在英語中，連接目的狀語從句的連接詞常常有：that（為了，以便），so that（為了，以便），lest（以防），in case（以防，以免），for fear that（以防）in order that（為了）等等。

（一）一般翻譯在主句前面。一般來說，這種表示“為了”的目的狀語從句通常放在主句前面翻譯。He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.為了不驚醒她，他輕輕推開房門，悄悄地溜了出去。

We should start early so that we might get there before noon.為了正午以前趕到那里，我們很早就動身了。

（二）還可以翻譯在主句后面，表示“省（免）得”、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等概念。He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.他反復強調這一點，免得她忘了。They hid themselves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them.他們躲在樹叢后面，以防被敵人發現。

六、結果狀語從句

（一）英語中，連接結果狀語從句的連詞常常有：so that, so...that, such...that, to such a degree等等，通常可以翻譯為“結果，如此...以致于...”，可以直接翻譯。He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.他做了錯誤的決定，結果浪費了自己半生的時間。The difference is such that all will perceive it.差別這么大，所有的人都看得出來。（可以省略連接詞而不翻譯）

（二）有時候，如果在主句中含有“never, never so, not so, not such”等否定詞，“but that和but what”也可以連接結果狀語從句，構成雙重否定。翻譯的時候，可以翻譯為“沒有...不”。She never comes but she borrow.她不借東西不來。（即：他如果不借東西就不來。）She is not so old but that she can read.他并沒有老到不能讀書。

考研英語翻譯技巧之名詞性從句

一、主語從句

（一）以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等詞引導的主語從句，在翻譯的時候，一般可以按照英語原文順序來翻譯。

What he told me was only half-truth.他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而已。Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都應該做好。Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他來不來都沒有關系。

When we can begin the expedition is still a question.我們何時才能開始這次考察仍然是懸而未決。How he is going to do it is a mystery.他準備怎么做這個事情是個迷。

（二）用it作形式主語的主語從句，可以把主語從句放到漢語句子最前面去翻譯。為了強調起見，it一般可以譯出來；如果不需要強調，it也可以不譯出來。

It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他參加不參加會議沒有多大關系。（It沒有翻譯）

It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.駕駛員在飛機墜毀之后，竟然還能活著，這看來是不可想象的。（It翻譯為“這”）有時候，如果主語從句仍然按照英語原來的順序翻譯的話，it一般不需要譯出來。在漢語譯文的開始，一般可以用“...的是，...”這樣的結構來翻譯。

It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然沒有看出自己的缺點。（It不用翻譯，還可以用“奇怪的是...”這樣的結構來翻譯）

二、賓語從句

（一）用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的賓語從句，翻譯成漢語的時候，一般不需要改變它在原句中的順序。

I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.我告訴他，由于那最后一個條件，我只得謝絕。Can you hear what I say?你聽得到我所講的嗎？

I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游過了那條河。I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游過那條河的。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經通知我他們將在什么時候談論我的建議。

有時可加“說”字，再接下去翻譯譯英語原文賓語從句的內容。Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答說，他感到遺憾。

He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家說，決定這件事的不只是他一個人，還有其他許多人。

（二）用it 作形式賓語的句子，在翻譯的時候，that所引導的賓語從句一般可按英語原文順序翻譯；it有時候可以不用翻譯。

I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他們講清楚了的，他們必須在上午十時前交卷。（it沒有翻譯）

I heard it said that he had gone abroad.聽說他已經出國了。（it沒有翻譯）但有時候，也可以在譯文中將that引導的賓語從句提前到句子最前面翻譯。I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被選參加會議，感到光榮。（it沒有翻譯）

We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打開國門，實行開放，我們認為這是絕對必要的。（it翻譯為“這”）

三、表語從句

It seems that it is going to snow.看起來要下雪了。That is why Jack got scolded.這就是杰克受到訓斥的原因。

The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.問題是我們能否贏得大多數人民群眾的支持。

His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他對新聞界的看法是，記者們不是支持他，就是反對他。

四、同位語從句

能接同位語從句的名詞主要有：belief（相信），fact（事實），hope（希望），idea（想法，觀點），doubt（懷疑），news（新聞，消息），rumor（傳聞），conclusion（結論），evidence（證據），suggestion（建議），problem（問題），order（命令），answer（回答），decision（決定），discovery（發現），explanation（解釋），information（消息），knowledge（知識），law（法律），opinion（意見，觀點），truth（真理，事實），promise（承諾），report（報告），thought（思想），statement（聲明），rule（規定），possibility（可能）等。

（一）一般來說，同位語從句可以直接翻譯在主句后面。

He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再到中國來訪問。There is a possibility that he is a spy.有可能他是一個間諜。

（二）有時候在翻譯同位語從句時，可以將其放在所修飾的名詞前面，相當于前置的修飾語，但不一定使用定語的標志詞“的”。這種情況下，同位語從句都是比較簡單。

We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實。The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.關于他被捕的傳聞是沒有根據的。

（三）增加“即”（或者“以為”）這樣的詞來連接，或用冒號、破折號直接分開主句和同位語從句。But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.但這卻絲毫改變不了這樣一個事實，即從實用的觀點來看，他們今天仍是不合理的。We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我們已經得出這樣的結論：實踐是檢驗真理的標準。

Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前，科學家們獲得一個令人振奮的發現——可以把這種廢物變成塑料。2010考研英語常考詞語的固定搭配

一、名詞的固定搭配 介詞+名詞形式

第一組 by accident 偶然

on account of 因為，由于 in addition 另外

in addition to 除……之外(包括)in the air 在流行中，在傳播中

on(the/an)average 第二組

by chance 偶然，碰巧 in charge(of)負責，主管(a)round the clock 晝夜不停地 in common 共用，共有，共同 in conclusion 最后，總之 on condition that 在……條件下 第三組 in the course of

在……過程中，在……期間 of course 當然，自然，無疑

in danger 在危險中，垂危 out of danger 脫離危險 out of date 過期(時)的

up to date 時新的 in debt 欠債 in detail 詳細地

in confidence 信任 in connection with/to關于 in consequence 因此，結果 in consequence of 由于…的緣故 on the contrary 反之，正相反 in contrast with/to 與……成對照

out of control 失去控制 under control 被控制住 at all costs 不惜任何代價 at the cost of 以……為代價

平均，一般來說 on the basis of 根據，在……的基礎上 at(the)best 充其量，至多 for the better 好轉，改善 on board 在船(車、飛機)上

out of breath 喘不過氣來 on business 因公，因事 in any case 無論如何，總之 in case of 假使，萬一

in case 假如，以防(萬一)，免得 in no case 決不 in difficulties 處境困難 in the distance 在遠處

off duty 下班 第四組

in the event of 萬一，如果發生 for example 例如

with the exception of除……之外 in the face of 面對，不顧，即使 in fact 其實，實際上 on fire 燒著 第五組

hand in hand 手拉手，攜手 in hand 在掌握中，在控制中 on hand 在手邊，臨近

on(the)one hand...一方面……，on the other hand...另一方面…… at heart 在內心；實質上 第六組

at length 終于，最后；詳細地 in the light of 按照，根據 in line 成一直線，排成一行 in line with 與……一致，按照 at a loss 困惑，不知所措 第七組

in nature 本質上 on occasion 有時，不時 in order 秩序井然，整齊 in order to 以便，為了 in order that 以便

out of order 發生故障，失調 第八組

to the point 切中要害，切題 in practice 在實際中，實際上 out of practice 久不練習，荒疏 at present 目前，現在 for the present 目前，暫時 in proportion to(與…)成比例的 第九組

on duty 值班，上班 on earth 究竟，到底 at all events 無論如何

on foot 步行

in force 有效；實施中

in favo(u)r of 有利于，贊成支持 in front of 在……面前 in(the)future 今后，將來 on guard 警惕，防范

by heart 牢記，憑記憶 at home

在家，在國內；自在，自如 in honor of 以紀念，向.表示敬意 on one’s honor 以名譽擔保 in a hurry 匆忙地，立即

by all means 無論如何，必定 by means of 借助于，用 by no means 決不 in memory of 紀念

at the mercy of 在……支配下

on one’s own 獨自地，獨立地 in particular

特別地，尤其，詳細地 in the past 在過去，以往 in person 親自 in place 在適當的位置

in public 公開地，當眾 for(the)purpose of為了 on purpose 故意，有意 with the purpose of 為了 in question 正在考慮 at random 隨意地，任意地

in any event 無論如何 in effect 有效；實際上

in general 通常，大體上 in half 成兩半

at hand 在手邊，在附近from tip to toe 徹頭徹尾，完全 by hand 用手

hand down to 往下傳，傳給(后代)

for instance 例如，舉例說 at intervals 不時，時時 at last 最終，終于 at least 至少，最低限度 in the least 一點，絲毫

by mistake 錯誤地 at the moment 現在，此刻 for a moment 片刻，一會兒 for the moment 現在，暫時 in a moment 立刻，馬上

in place of 代替

in the first place 起初，首先 in the last place 最后 out of place

不得其所的，不適當的 on the point 即將……的時候

at any rate 無論如何，至少 by reason of 由于 as regards 關于，至于

with/in regard to 對于，就…而論 in/with relation to 關系到 with respect to 關于 as a result 結果，因此 as a result of 由于……的結果 in return 作為報答，作為回報 on the road 在旅途中 第十組

at first sight 乍一看，初看起來 in sight 被看到，在望

out of sight 看不見，在視野之外in spite of

不管，不顧；盡管，雖然 on the spot 當場，在現場 in step 同步，合拍 第十一組

at the same time 但是，然而同時at times 有時

for the time being 目前，暫時 from time to time 有時，不時 in no time 立即，馬上 in time 及時，適時地 第十二組

by the way 順便提一下，另外 by way of 經由，通過……方式 in a way 在某點，在某種程度上in no way 決不 in the way of 妨礙

in one’s/the way 妨礙，阻礙 第十三組

have/gain access to 可以獲得 take...into account 考慮 gain/have an advantage over 勝過，優于

pay the way for 為……鋪平道路 take advantage of 利用，趁..之機pay attention to 注意 第十四組

make a/the difference

as a rule 規章，規則；通常照例 in the long run 最終，從長遠觀點看 for the sake of 為了……起見

on sale 出售；賤賣 on a large scale 大規模地

out of step 步調不一致，不協調 in stock 現有，備有 in sum 總而言之

in tears 流著淚，含淚，哭 in terms of

依據，按照；用……措詞 for one thing 首先，一則

on time 準時 on top of 在……之上 out of touch 失去聯系

in truth 事實上，實際上，的確 on try 試穿

by turns 輪流，交替地

after a while 過了一會，不久 for a while 暫時，一時 on the whole 總的來說 in a word 總而言之 in other words 換句話說，也就是說

do/try one’s best 盡力，努力 get the best of 勝過 make the best of 充分利用，妥善處理 get the better of 打敗，致勝 catch one’s breath 屏息，歇口氣 take care 小心，當心

有影響，很重要 on a small scale 小規模地 in secret 秘密地，私下地 in a sense 從某種意義上說 in shape 處于良好狀態 on the side 作為兼職，額外

on the second thoughts 經重新考慮，一轉念 at a time 每次，一次 at no time 從不，決不

at one time 同時，曾經，從前曾in turn 依次，輪流 in vain 徒勞，無效 a variety of 種種，各種 by virtue of 由于

at work 在工作，忙于 out of work 失業 in the world

到底，究竟動詞+名詞形式

take care of 照顧，照料 take a chance 冒險一試 take charge of 擔任，負責 keep company with 與……交往 take delight in 以……為樂 with delight 欣然，樂意地

carry/bring into effect

使生效，使起作用 put into effect 實行，生效 come/go into effect 生效，實施 take effect 生效，起作用 catch one’s eye 引人注目 keep an eye on 留意，照看 第十五組

lose heart 喪失勇氣，失去信心 get/learn by heart 記住，背誦 get hold of 抓住，掌握 keep house 管理家務，做家務 throw/cast light on 使明白，闡明bear/keep in mind 記住 have in mind 第十六組

make progress 進步，進展 give rise to 引起，使發生 make sense 講得通，有意義 catch the sight of 發現，突然看見(go)on the stage 當演員 第十七組 act on 作用

appeal to 呼吁，要求 attempt at 企圖，努力 第十八組 introduce to 介紹

a lot(of)許多(的)，大量(的)lots of 大量，很多 fall in love with 相愛，愛上 a matter of(關于……)的問題 a number of 若干，許多 reply to 回答，答復 a series of 一系列，一連串 其他固定搭配

第十九組 trolley bus 無軌電車 I.D.card 身份證 credit card 信用卡

make faces 做鬼臉 find fault 埋怨，挑剔 catch fire 著火

come/go into force 生效，實施 make friends 交朋友，友好相處 be friends with 對……友好，記住，考慮到，想到 make up one’s mind 下決心 come/go into operation 使投入生產，使運轉

put in order 整理，檢修 keep/hold pace with 跟上，與……同步

take one’s time 不急不忙，從容進行 keep in touch 保持聯系 keep track 通曉事態，注意動向 lose track 失去聯系 make use of 利用

attitude to/towards 態度，看法 a great/good deal of 大量(的)，許多(的)

no doubt 無疑，必定 next door 隔壁 out of doors 在戶外

與……交上朋友 make fun of 取笑，嘲弄 keep one’s head 保持鎮靜 lose one’s head 不知所措

play a part 起作用 take place 發生，進行 take the place of 代替 come to the point 說到要點，扼要地說 bring/carry into practice 實施，實行

put to use 使用，利用 give way 讓路，讓步 lead the way 帶路，引路 make one’s way 前進，進行 make way 讓路，開路 keep one’s word 遵守諾言

influence on 影響 interference in 干涉

interference with 妨礙，打擾

face to face 面對面地 as a matter of fact 實際情況，真相

a few 有些，幾個

quite a few 還不少，有相當數的 a little 一點，稍微，一些，少許 第二十組

fair play 公平競賽；公平對待 in demand 有需要，銷路好 rest room 廁所，盥洗室 primary school 小學

side by side 肩并肩，一個挨一個

二、動詞的固定搭配 動詞+介詞形式

第二十一組 account for 說明(原因等)aim at 瞄準，針對 allow for 考慮到 appeal to 呼吁，要求 arrive at 達成，得出 ask after 詢問，問候 第二十二組 bring forward 提出

bring out 使出現；公布；出版 bring up 教育，培養，使成長 build up 積累；堵塞；樹立，逐步建立；增進；鍛煉 call for 邀請；要求；需求 call forth 第二十三組 cover up 掩飾，掩蓋 cut across 走捷徑，抄近路 deal with 處理，對付，安排 do without 沒有……也行 fill in/out 填充，填寫 get at 得到，接近；意思是 get into 進入，陷入 第二十四組 live on/by

靠……生活，以……為食 live through 度過，經受過 look after 照管，照料

little by little 逐漸地 quite a little 相當多，不少 no matter 無論

heart and soul 全心全意 step by step 逐步 ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直，始終 once upon a time 從前

ask for 請求，要求 attach to 附屬于，隸屬于 begin with 從開始 break into 闖入 break off 斷絕，結束 break through 突破

喚起，引起；振作起，鼓起 call off 放棄，取消 catch at 抓住(東西)

call on/upon 訪問；號召，呼吁 call up 召集，動員；打電話 care for 照管；喜歡，意欲 carry off 奪去

go after 追求

go into 進入；研究，調查 go for

竭力想取得；喜愛；支持，擁護go through

經歷，經受；詳細檢查 go with 伴隨，與……協調

look at 看望，注視 look for 尋找，尋求 look into

調查，觀察，過問；窺視

the moment(that)一……就 no more 不再

once in a while 偶爾，有時 no wonder 難怪，怪不得 word for word 逐字地 decline with thanks 婉言謝絕

break up

中止，結束；打碎，折斷 bring about 帶來，造成 bring down 打倒，挫傷；降低 bring forth 產生，提上

carry on 繼續下去；從事，經營carry out 貫徹，執行；實現 come to

總計，達到；蘇醒，復原 count on 依靠；期待，指望 count up 把……相加

go without 沒有……也行 improve on 改進 keep to 保持，堅持 lie in 在于 live up to 不辜負

look over 檢查，查看，調查 look through

仔細查看，瀏覽，溫習make for 走向，駛向；有助于

occur to 被想到，被想起 play with 以……為消遣，玩弄 refer to 第二十五組

send in 呈報，遞交，送來 serve as 作為，用作 set aside 挑出，留出；拒絕 sit for 參加

stand by 支持，幫助；袖手旁觀 stand for 代替，代表，意味著

參考，查閱，涉及，提到 run for 競選

run into 撞上，偶然碰見

see to 注意，負責，照料，修理 send for 派人去請，召喚；索取

stand against 反抗，抵抗 stick to 堅持，忠于，信守 take after 與……相像 take for

把……認為是，把……看成是 take in 接受，吸收；了解，理解

take to 喜歡，親近touch on 關系到，涉及 turn into 變成

turn to 變成；求助于，借助于 turn off 關上；出產；解雇

考研英語固定詞組搭配匯總 a host of /a body of 大量 2 a test for 檢測目的 3 a test on 對……進行測試 4 a test with 檢測手段 5 above all 最重要 6 according to 根據 achieve equilibrium 取得平衡 8 achieve one's purpose 達到目的 9 achieve success 獲得成功 10 achieve victory 獲得勝利 11 act on 遵照……行動，作用于 12 act upon 對…有影響 13 add up to 總計，合計 14 add… to 把…加到… 15 adhere to /stick to 堅持，奉行 16 after all 畢竟，均不合題意； 17 agree on 對……取得一致意見 18 agree to 同意 agree with sb.同意某人的話 20 along with 和┄一道，和┄一起 21 alternate（with）交替 22 amount to 合計，共計 an equal to 與……相當的人/物，（地位）相同的人 and yet 然而 anything but 一點也不； 26 anything like 像……那樣的東西 anywhere near 接近于 28 apart form 除……之外尚有 29 apply to 向……申請，適用于 30 appreciation of 對……的欣賞/贊賞 31 argue against 反對

as a result of 作為……的結果，由于

as a result（作為結果，因此）表結果，用不用逗號隔開看情況而定；

as a whole 作為一個整體，整個看來 35 as far as …/are concerned 就……而言 36 as for/to 至于，就…方面說 37 as if/though 好像，仿佛 38 as soon as 一……就~ 39 as nothing 決不 40 as to 至于，關于 41 as well 也，一樣 42 as yet 迄今，到目前為止 43 aside from 除┄之外

associate … with…由…聯想到…，把…聯系起來 45 association with 與……的交往 46 at a disadvantage 處于不利地位 47 at a loss over 不知所措 48 at a time 每次，一次 49 at all 絲毫，根本 50 at any moment 即使，隨時 51 at first 首先，開始的時候 52 at large 未被捕獲的，大多數 53 at last 終于，最終 54 at least 至少

at length 最終，詳細地 56 at most 最多

at no time 從不，決不 58 at one time 曾經，從前曾

at the cost/expense of 以……為代價 60 at the least 至少 61 at times 有時，間或 62 at…speed 以……的速度 63 attend on 照顧，侍候 64 attribute … to 把……歸于 65 back up 后退，支持 66 base on 基于 67 be able to 能夠，勝任 68 be about to 正打算 69 be accustomed to習慣于

be associated with 與……有關，與……有關系 71 be aware of 意識到 72 be capable of 有能力干 73 be caught in 遇到，陷入

be committed to 被交給┄，答應/承擔……義務 75 be confined to 限制在，局限于 76 be confined/be restricted 受……限制 77 be dedicated to 奉獻，獻給 78 be devoted to 被用于，貢獻給 79 be directed to 指向，針對 80 be drawn to 被┄所吸引 81 be due to 由于，因此

be exposed to 暴露在┄下，處在┄的作用之下 83 be fond of 喜愛 84 be full of 充滿他

be habitual to（him）對（他來說）習以為常 86 be in order 合適，恰當 87 be involved in 參與，參加 88 be involved with 與……有關連 89 be left to 由┄來決定，由┄來想辦法 90 be limited to 限制在┄，限定在

be linked to/with something 與……連接 92 be proud of 為……而驕傲 93 be referred to 被提及，被提交 94 be related to 與……有關 95 be sick of 厭惡，討厭 96 be subject to 經受，遭受 97 be suitable for 適合于 98 be sure of 對┄的肯定 99 be thrown in 額外贈送 100 be tied by/with 被……捆綁 101 be tied to 束縛于，捆綁于 102 be tired of 厭倦，厭煩 103 behind time 晚點

belief in 對……的真實性或正確性具有的信心105 believe(… to be)相信……是 106 better than 好于…… 107 beyond question 毋庸置疑 108 break away 脫離，逃跑 109 break down 損壞，分解，瓦解 110 break into 闖入

break in 強行進行，打斷 112 break off 斷絕，結束 113 break out 突發，爆發 114 break through 突破 115 break up 終止，結束，打碎 116 bring about 產生 117 bring forward 提出。

bring out 使出現；公布；出版 119 bring up 培養，養大；

by accident 偶然，含有不幸的因素 121 by all means 無論如何，必定 122 by chance 偶然，意外地 123 by choice 處于選擇 124 by contrast 對比之下

by means of 用，依靠； 借助于 126 by means of 借助于 127 by mistake 錯誤地 128 by the way 順便提一下

by virtue of 憑借，借助；因為 130 by way of 經由，通過…方式 131 call forth 喚起，引起 132 call for 邀請，要求，需要 133 call off 放棄，取消 134 call on/upon 訪問，拜訪 135 care for 照顧，關心 136 carry out 貫徹，執行，實現 137 cast/shed light on 闡明某事 138 catch up with 趕上 139 catch sight of 看見

center on 把……集中在，以……為中心 141 characterized by 以……為特征 142 coincide with 與…相符 143 come from 來自，來源于 144 come off 成功

come on 涉及，談及，到達，結束，總共，共計，突然想起

come out 出版，出現，結局是 147 come to 等于，結果是； 總計，達到 148 come under attack 受到打擊 149 come under 歸人，受到 150 come up 發生，形成； 151 comment on 評論，發表意見 152 commit to 交付，把……投入 153 comply with 遵守，服從 154 conform to 遵守，符合，順應 155 consist of 組成

156 consistent in 在（某方面）一致 157 consistent with 與……一致 158 contribute to 有助于，促進，加劇 159 copy out 抄寫

160 correlate with 找出一一對應的關系 161 count on 指望 162 cut away 砍掉 163 cut down 削減 164 cut off 打斷，中斷 165 cut out 刪掉

166 dedicate …to 奉獻 167 depend on 依靠，依賴 168 die back 枯死

169 die down 逐漸消失；止息 170 die off 相繼死去 171 die out 消失；死絕

172 difference in 在……方面的差別 173 do something for/to 改進，增強 174 doubt about 懷疑 175 due to 由于，因為 176 dwell on 利用 177 enter for 報名參加

178 enter into 開始（談話，討論）179 entertain a proposal 愿意考慮這一建議 180 entertain an idea 抱著一種想法 181 even if 甚至，即使

182 even though（雖然，盡管）表讓步 183 ever since（自從┄之后，從此以后）表時間 184 faithful to 忠心于 185 fall from 從…落下 186 far from 毫不，遠非 187 favor of 喜歡 188 figure out 計算出 189 find out 查明

190 focus on 集中于，集中研究 191 followed by 接著是 192 for all 盡管

193 for example 舉例來說

194 for instance 和 such as 都表示舉例，前者常接句子，后者常接名詞或名詞短語 195 for instance 例如

196 for the purpose of 為了┄目的 197 for the sake of 為了……起見 198 frankly speaking 坦白來說 199 freedom from 免于……（的自由）

200 from all appearances 從所能見到和所能知道的

情況判斷

201 from all sides 從四面八方，全面地

202 from now on 從現在開始

203 from/by all accounts 根據方面所說 204 gather up 拾起，集攏 205 generally speaking一般來說 206 get along with 進展，相處融洽 207 get away 逃脫，離開

208 get away with 僥幸逃脫，逃脫處罰 209 get down to 開始，著手 210 get in 進入，收獲，收集 211 give in 妥協，讓步，投降，屈服 212 give off 放出，釋放 213 give out 分發，放出 214 give something away 泄露 215 give up 停止，放棄 216 give way 讓路，讓步 217 go beyond 超越，超過 218 go by 從……旁走過，順訪

2011備考必知：考研英語翻譯常用多義詞 單詞

熟義

生義 accomplished a.已完成的,實現的 a.熟練精通的 account n.賬戶

n.報告，陳述 acknowledge v.(不情愿地)承認

v.致謝 answer v.回答

v.負責answer for approach v.靠近,接近v.開始,著手(工作,任務)(approach their work.開始他們的工作)artificial a.人工的,人造的 a.不自然的，不真實的

assume a.假定,臆測

a.采取,擔任(assume many roles 擔任許多角色)attribute v.把----歸于(to)v.認為是。所為 n.品質,屬性,特征

balance n.平衡

n.差額,余款,結余 beam n.橫梁，光束 v.發光，微笑 bearing n.忍耐

n.收獲，成果 betray v.背叛，出賣

v.流露，暴露 bond n.聯結，結合物

n.公債，債券，契約 breakdown n.破裂

n.分類，(精神等)衰竭 fold v.折疊(用于數詞后的詞綴)倍

219 go for 追求 220 go in 進入，參加 221 go through 經歷

222 hand on 傳下來，依次傳遞 223 hand out 分發，散發 224 hand over 交出，移交

225 have a bearing on 與……有關系

226 have difficulty with 與……有分歧，相處不好 227 hold back 躊躇，退縮，阻止 228 hold down 控制

229 hold on to 緊緊抓住，堅持 230 hold on 繼續，握住不放，堅持 231 hold out 維持，伸出，提出，堅持 232 hold up 保持良好，停止；阻滯 233 hold up 舉起，承載，阻擋 234 if only（要是該多好，）表虛擬 235 in use 在使用

chart n.&v.(制)圖表

v.詳細計劃code n.代碼，代號

n.法典，法規coherent a.黏著的 a.(討論中)一致的column n.圓柱，柱狀物

n.(報刊中的)專欄condition n.情況

v.被----制約consideration n.考慮

n.考慮因素cover v.覆蓋

v.給?.保險;采訪discount v.打折 v.漠視,對?不全信distinct a.不同的 a.清楚的,明白的establish v.建立?機構

v.確認,證實establishment n.建立

n.機構evolution n.進化

n.緩慢進步exploit v.開發,剝削

n.功勞,功績fellowship n.伙伴,友誼

n.獎學金figure n.數字,圖形,圖表,體態,相貌

v.出現(in);推斷(on)(to figure in history 在歷史上留名 They ~d on your arriving.他們預料你會來)finance n.財政,金融

v.為?提供資金flatly ad.水平地,平坦地ad.斷然地,直截了當地(He flatly refused to join us)(five-fold 五倍 hundredfold 百倍)

foreign a.外國的a.無關的,不相干的 given a.規定的,指定的prep.鑒于,考慮到，倘若 gross a.毛，總

a.明顯的 harbor n.海港,港口 v.心懷;給?提供避難處 hint n.暗示,示意

n.(pl)建議,點子 idea n.理論 n.思想，觀點 import v.進口

n.要旨,含義 inform v.通知,告訴 v.告發,告密(~~ on sb)level a.水平的 v.對準,指責(Criticism have been leveled against him.)interpret v.解說

v.口譯 mirror n.鏡子

n.反映,反射 oblige v.強迫，強制 v.感激，感謝be obliged to package n.包裹 n.一攬子交易(計劃等)(package deal 一攬子交易)particular a.個別的,特定的a.(用于表語)過分講究的,挑剔的

pattern n.樣式,模式

v.仿制,模仿 peculiar a.獨特的,個人的 a.怪癖的 platform n.站臺,月臺

n.黨綱,政綱 practically ad.實際上

ad.幾乎,差不多 preparation n.準備,預備

n.制劑,制備品 promise v.承諾,諾言

n.希望,出息 promising a.有希望的,有前途的 pronounced a.明顯的,顯著的,確切的 provided pp.被提供的 conj.倘若

province n.省

n.領域 provincial a.鄉下的 a.目光狹隘的 provision n.供應,給養

n.條款,規定 reach v.抵達

n.影響范圍 far-reaching的影響深遠的

reason n.原因

v.推理 reasoning n.推理

reserve n.儲備,保留

n.緘默,謹慎,矜持 routine n.慣例

n.司空見慣的事 royalty n.王族(成員)n.(著作的)版稅 safe a.安全的a.謹慎的 save v.救

prep.除..之外

school n.學校

n.學派,流派 second num.第二 v.附和,贊成 sensation n.感覺，知覺

n.轟動，激動 side n.側面，邊

v.偏袒,援助 solid a.固體的a.可靠的，有根據的，確實的 some a.一些

ad.大約，稍微(some 10 years ago 大約十年前)(It`s some warmer 今天稍暖和了點)

specialty n.特性

n.特產,特制品 spell v.拼寫 v.招致,帶來

n.符咒(Does laziness always ~~ failure? 懶惰總會導致失敗嗎?

That view might spell doom for marriage 這種觀念可能會把婚姻引入絕境)

stomach n.胃 v.忍受，忍耐 How can you stomach their affronts? 你怎么能夠忍受他們的侮辱?

substantially ad.實際上,實質上

ad.(引申)大幅度地

be subject to a.易于

a.服從 thrust v.刺,攻擊,推

n.要點,要旨 The whole thrust of the project was to make money.計劃的核心在于贏利

retire on 依靠……退休

have…relation…to 與……有關系 up to 達到……的規模

come to the conclusion 形成某種結論 make of 提出 in detail 詳細地

not…but結構應譯為“不是……而是……”，但這樣就顯得羅嗦，所以譯為“與……無關”，但（另一些有關）。a amount of指“數量達到……”, be related to指“與……有關”.be so made that 意為如…構成，不符合漢語表達習慣，所以譯為就是如此.in principle 總的說來 deal with 應付…… all that 這一切包括

overall productivity 綜合生產力水平Joint investment 聯合投資 Drive 驅動

far too many 太多的（比實際需要）re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion 以簡單機械的方式 chop out 削減

第三篇：考研英語翻譯8月復習技巧指導之定語從句

凱程考研輔導班，中國最強的考研輔導機構，http://www.tmdps.cn

考研就找凱程考研，學生滿意，家長放心，社會認可！

考研英語翻譯8月復習技巧指導之定語

從句

英語和中文語法相通，定語成分是用來修飾句子中名詞或名詞性結構的。在英語中，定語結構較中文靈活多變，可以是前置定語成分放在被修飾對象前面，也可以是后置定語放在被修飾對象后面，還可以是以一個句子的形式出現，這便形成了考研英語句子中最常見的定語從句。

常見的英文定語成分有以下四種情況，而且定語成分在英文句子中可以出現在任何含有名詞或名詞性結構的前后：形容詞定語、分詞定語、介詞短語及不定式定語、定語從句。從性質上分析，定語從句無論長短僅僅是一個名詞或名詞結構的修飾成分而已，并且定語從句這一現象在翻譯中的考點較重。定語從句的實質就是放置在被修飾名詞(或名詞短語)后的名詞(或名詞短語)的附屬品，因此定語從句可以出現在句子中任何一個名詞(或名詞短語)的后面。一般情況，兩種翻譯技巧較為常用：將定于從句按照中文定語原則調整到被修飾名詞(或名詞短語)前進行翻譯;或是將定語從句和被修飾名詞(或名詞短語)斷開獨立成句，來跟進補充說明被修飾名詞(或名詞短語)。

在考研中，由于所考查的文章多為科技英語范疇，而且翻譯考題中的句式結構較為復雜，所含定語從句較長或被修飾名詞(或名詞短語)本身的修飾成分較多且較為復雜，所以將定語從句斷開獨立成句的方法更加普遍。當我們判斷句子中含有定語從句時，四個相關的步驟就可以展開了：

(1)確定定語從句所修飾的名詞(或名詞短語);

(2)確定定語從句所修飾的名詞(或名詞短語)在定語從句中所充當的成分;

(3)獨立理解完整版本的定語從句;

(4)考慮將定語從句調整到被修飾名詞(或名詞短語)前進行合并翻譯，或將定語從句從被修飾名詞(或名詞短語)前斷開獨立成句，跟進補充說明被修飾的名詞(或名詞短語)。

如：I like that girl who is standing there.確定定語從句所修飾的名詞：girl;確定定語從句所修飾的名詞在定語從句中所充當的成分：girl充當從句中的主語，也可以理解為who替代前面的名詞girl;獨立理解完整版本的定語從句：the girl is standing there;考慮將定語從句調整到被修飾名詞(或)名詞短語前進行合并翻譯，或將定語從句從被修飾名詞(或名詞短語)前斷開獨立成句，跟進補充說明被修飾的名詞(或名詞短語)。斷句版本：我喜歡那個女孩兒，而(她)在那兒站著。合并版本：我喜歡在那兒站著的那個女孩兒。

1990年考研第62題：Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.整個句子是一個復合句，句子主干的主語是those，后面是一個由who引導的定語從句，主干的謂語動詞是believe;that引導了一個賓語從句，賓語從句的謂語部分是被動結構。主干those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe中，首先，those是指“一些人”;其次，who引導的定語從句修飾those，根據定語從句的翻譯方法，可以把定語從句組合在其先行詞前面。所以，those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe這個部分可以翻譯成：那凱程考研，考研機構，10年高質量輔導，值得信賴！以學員的前途為已任，為學員提供高效、專業的服務，團隊合作,為學員服務，為學員引路。凱程考研輔導班，中國最強的考研輔導機構，http://www.tmdps.cn

考研就找凱程考研，學生滿意，家長放心，社會認可！

些支持“天性”一方的人認為......。最后，介詞短語of the conflict翻譯成為“在沖突中”。注意：很多考生可能會把這個介詞短語翻譯成“沖突的”，如果這樣翻譯的話，與前面那一個部分組合在一起成為“沖突的“天性”的一方”，這樣翻譯，句子就很不通順，所以可以翻譯成“在沖突中”;并根據漢語習慣把這個介詞短語放到句子最前面翻譯成為：在這場沖突中，贊成“天性”一方的那些人認為......。所以整個句子可以翻譯成：在這場沖突中，贊成“天性”一方的那些人認為，我們的性格特征和行為模式大多是由生物因素所決定的。凱程教育：

凱程考研成立于2005年，國內首家全日制集訓機構考研，一直從事高端全日制輔導，由李海洋教授、張鑫教授、盧營教授、王洋教授、楊武金教授、張釋然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高級考研教研隊伍組成，為學員全程高質量授課、答疑、測試、督導、報考指導、方法指導、聯系導師、復試等全方位的考研服務。凱程考研的宗旨：讓學習成為一種習慣；

凱程考研的價值觀口號：凱旋歸來，前程萬里； 信念：讓每個學員都有好最好的歸宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中國最專業的考研輔導機構； 激情：永不言棄，樂觀向上；

敬業：以專業的態度做非凡的事業；

服務：以學員的前途為已任，為學員提供高效、專業的服務，團隊合作，為學員服務，為學員引路。

如何選擇考研輔導班：

在考研準備的過程中，會遇到不少困難，尤其對于跨專業考生的專業課來說，通過報輔導班來彌補自己復習的不足，可以大大提高復習效率，節省復習時間，大家可以通過以下幾個方面來考察輔導班，或許能幫你找到適合你的輔導班。

師資力量：師資力量是考察輔導班的首要因素，考生可以針對輔導名師的輔導年限、輔導經驗、歷年輔導效果、學員評價等因素進行綜合評價，詢問往屆學長然后選擇。判斷師資力量關鍵在于綜合實力，因為任何一門課程，都不是由

一、兩個教師包到底的，是一批教師配合的結果。還要深入了解教師的學術背景、資料著述成就、輔導成就等。凱程考研名師云集，李海洋、張鑫教授、方浩教授、盧營教授、孫浩教授等一大批名師在凱程授課。而有的機構只是很普通的老師授課，對知識點把握和命題方向，欠缺火候。

對該專業有輔導歷史：必須對該專業深刻理解，才能深入輔導學員考取該校。在考研輔導班中，從來見過如此輝煌的成績：凱程教育拿下2015五道口金融學院狀元，考取五道口15人，清華經管金融碩士10人，人大金融碩士15個，中財和貿大金融碩士合計20人，北師大教育學7人，會計碩士保錄班考取30人，翻譯碩士接近20人，中傳狀元王園璐、鄭家威都是來自凱程，法學方面，凱程在人大、北大、貿大、政法、武漢大學、公安大學等院校斬獲多個法學和法碩狀元，更多專業成績請查看凱程網站。在凱程官方網站的光榮榜，成功學員經驗談視頻特別多，都是凱程戰績的最好證明。對于如此高的成績，凱程集訓營班主任邢老師說，凱程如此優異的成績，是與我們凱程嚴格的管理，全方位的輔導是分不開的，很多學生本科都不是名校，某些學生來自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，還有很多是工作了多年才回來考的，大多數是跨專業考研，他們的難度大，競爭激烈，沒有嚴格的訓練和同學們的刻凱程考研，考研機構，10年高質量輔導，值得信賴！以學員的前途為已任，為學員提供高效、專業的服務，團隊合作,為學員服務，為學員引路。凱程考研輔導班，中國最強的考研輔導機構，http://www.tmdps.cn

考研就找凱程考研，學生滿意，家長放心，社會認可！

苦學習，是很難達到優異的成績。最好的辦法是直接和凱程老師詳細溝通一下就清楚了。

建校歷史：機構成立的歷史也是一個參考因素，歷史越久，積累的人脈資源更多。例如，凱程教育已經成立10年（2005年），一直以來專注于考研，成功率一直遙遙領先，同學們有興趣可以聯系一下他們在線老師或者電話。

有沒有實體學校校區：有些機構比較小，就是一個在寫字樓里上課，自習，這種環境是不太好的，一個優秀的機構必須是在教學環境，大學校園這樣環境。凱程有自己的學習校區，有吃住學一體化教學環境，獨立衛浴、空調、暖氣齊全，這也是一個考研機構實力的體現。此外，最好還要看一下他們的營業執照。

凱程考研，考研機構，10年高質量輔導，值得信賴！以學員的前途為已任，為學員提供高效、專業的服務，團隊合作,為學員服務，為學員引路。

第四篇：定語從句

2

定語從句

（重慶）24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members A themB.thatC.whichD.whom

（浙江）13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform A.itB.thatC.whatD.which（北京）27.Many countries are now setting up national parks________ animals and plants can

be protected.A.when B.which C.whoseD.where

________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why 3（浙江）5.The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom 4（新課標II）I wouldbe staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

（江蘇）32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

（天津）6.We have launched another man-made is announced in today’s newspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what（四川）9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

（上海）38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what（陜西）16.__is often the case with the children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As 10（山東）35.Finally he reached a lonely island ___ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom11（山東）31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where12（遼寧）34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.A.in which case B.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case 13（江西）33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how

（湖南）21.Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

（福建）27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

（安徽）29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.18.【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.who C.where D.whom

19.【2012浙江卷】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which

20.【2012江蘇卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what 21.【2012重慶卷】29.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

22.【2012四川卷】13.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of them

23.【2012陜西卷】14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what 24.【2012北京卷】26.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when25.【2012全國II】8.That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when

1-5 DBDCB6-10BDAD C11-15 AACB A16-20 DDBBB21-25DCCBB

第五篇：定語從句

高一必修2 Unit1：Cultural relics知識點及課后測試（含答案）

一、非限制性定語從句：

1.讓學生在課文中把含有定語從句的句子全部劃出來，標上序號。

2.提醒學生從句子的意義和形式方面進行對比，發現兩種定語從句的不同點。3.同桌之間交換意見，對兩種定語從句的不同點形成初步印象。

4.教師引導學生對這些結論進行歸納分析，結合例句梳理兩種定語從句的不同用法。限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句

與主句語意關系緊湊，定語從句不與主句語意關系松散，定語從句拿掉其 能刪除 他部分仍可成立 表意

功能 修飾先行詞 修飾先行詞或整個句子 無逗號與主句分開 有逗號與主句分開

使用時可以用that引導 使用時不能用that引導 形式 關系詞做賓語可省 關系詞做賓語不可省

as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句 as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which引導非限制性定語從句的不同：

(1）as 引導的定語從句可置于句首、句中和句尾，而which只能放在句末。As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.（2）as有實際意義，可翻譯成“正如，正像”而which并無實際意義。常見的搭配有： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣 as is known to all 眾所周知

as we had expected 正如我們所預料的那樣 as is often the case 情況常常如此 as is hoped 正如希望的

Food prices finally went down, as people had expected.（3）當定于從句是否定句或表示否定時，只能用which He came here very late, which was unexpected.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.as 引導限制性定語從句（1）常用于下列句式

such+名詞+as… 像……一樣,像……之類 the same+名詞+as… 和……同樣的

Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推薦的人是可靠的。I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和這里一樣的工具。注意：下面兩句意思的差別

這和我上周讀的那本書是一樣的。（不是同一本）這就是我上周讀的那本書。（同一本）

二、課文知識點

1.cultural relics 文化遺產

Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物館展出了許多出土文物。2.rare and valuable 珍貴稀有 It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.這樣的天才現在很少見。

3.in search of 尋找，尋求 = in search for He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闖蕩七大洋去歷險.He went to the south in search for a better future.他為了尋找更好的前途到南方去。4.in the fancy style 以別致的風格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……風格

These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones.這些衣服對我來說有些花哨，我還是喜歡素凈些的。5.popular She is popular at school.她在學校里很受人喜歡。

This dance is popular with young people.這種舞很受青年人喜愛。

6.…a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.用金銀珠寶裝飾起來的珍品，一批國家最優秀的藝術家用了大約十年的時間才把它完成。

decorate with 以...裝飾

7.be designed for …為……而設計 by design 故意地

My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要當工程師。

This room was originally designed to be my study.這間屋子原預定做我的書房。

His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他當陸軍，但是他卻喜歡當海軍。8.belong to 屬于

We belong to the same generation.我們屬于同代人。9.in return 作為回報/報答/交換

in turn 依次地，輪流的；轉而，反過來

10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友圍住了。11.become part of… 變成……的一部分 It is part of the way we act.它是我們行為表現的一部分。12.serve as 作為，用作，充當，起作用

The room can serve as a study.這間房子可作書房用。

13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要來賓的小型會客室。

14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后來，葉卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宮殿中。have sth done 請/讓別人做某事，使得，蒙受某種損失 We had the machine repaired.我們請人把機器修好了。

15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，這間琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。(I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted.我從來不允許按照自己的想法去做事情。)16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing.可悲的是，盡管琥珀屋被認為是世界上的一大奇跡之一，可是現在它卻消失了。I am considering going abroad.我正在考慮出國。I consider it a great honor.我認為這是極大的榮幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame.我們認為這不是司機的過錯。

We consider it(to be)true.=(We consider that it is true.)我們認為這是真實的。a couple of words missing 缺的兩三個字 There is a page missing.缺少一頁。

Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍樹林以尋找失蹤的孩子.17.be at war 處于戰爭狀態,交戰

18.remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件藝術品搬走 He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。

This old table is a valuable piece of furniture.這張舊桌子是一件很珍貴的家具。19.in less than two days 在不到兩天的時間里

20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫無疑問，這些箱子后來被裝上了運往……的火車。There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫無疑問她會遵守諾言的.There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.這是毫無疑問的,臺灣屬于中國。There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能勝任這個工作,這是毫無疑問的.21.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.從那以后，琥珀屋的去處便成了一個謎。

it remains to be seen 尚待分曉

The fact remains to be proved.事實尚待證明

remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在戶外 These matters remain in doubt.這些事情仍然值得懷疑

He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他決心不管發生什么事都忠于球隊。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得當了法官，但約翰仍然是個漁民。22.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.通過研究琥珀屋原來的照片，他們建造的新琥珀屋樣子和舊的看起來非常像。23.One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在眾多不同的花瓶和首飾中看見一個神奇的東西。

24.without doubt 無疑地，確實地

He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.他確實是我所教過的學生中最聰明的.25.the UN peace-keeping force 聯合國維和部隊

26.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.那位老人看見一些德國人把琥珀屋拆開搬走了。take apart 拆卸，拆開

Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away.玩具拿開前先將它拆成一件件的。

27.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在審訊中，法官必須確定哪些目擊者可信哪些不可信。28.rather than勝于，而不是 Tom rather than Jack is to blame.該受責備的是湯姆，而不是杰克。I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我寧愿讀書而不愿閑坐著。We aim at quality rather than quantity.我們的目的是重質不重量。第4/8頁

29.by the light of the moom 借助于月光 30.for oneself 親自，獨自地

One should not live for oneself alone.一個人不應只是為自已活著。

31.To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到驚奇的是礦口被封閉了。…….32.I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room.我認為那些在找尋琥珀屋的人們很了不起。

33.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也不認為他們會把它交給任何政府。34.do with 處理，忍受，對付 I can't do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢無禮的態度 What do they do with the coin? 他們是怎樣處理這枚硬幣的? 35.take notes of 記錄，把……記下來

Please take notes of the important while you read.請邊讀邊把重要的事情記下來。

36.Read the information that is provided for the visitors.閱讀一下為參觀者提供的信息。They provide us with food.他們供給我們食物。

We provided food for the hungry children.我們為饑餓的孩子們提供食物。

It's wise to save some money and provide for the future.“積蓄點錢,為將來使用作些準備是明智的。” He has a wife and seven children to provide for.他需要贍養妻子和七個孩子。

37.It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不僅給你了練習英語的機會而且在同時也給你了培養對當地歷史感興趣的機會。38.for fun 為了消遣，為了開心 He plays violin just for fun.他拉小提琴只是為了自娛自樂。【練習】 一）填寫單詞

1.By definition the capital is the political and c_______ center of a country.2.Though he recovered from his illness, he r__________ weak.3.The house b_________ to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.4.Heavily as it rained, we were still out in s________ of the missing boy.5.The school building was d_________ by a famous professor in Beijing, whose s_________ many people prefer.6.I sent her a bike as his birthday g________, and she gave me an mp3 in r_________.7.She stared at herself in the m________ and lost in thought.8.They are twins.No w________ I can not tell them apart.9.He was c_________ to be honest.In fact, the e_________he gave p______ to be false.10.We mustn't _____ to know what we don't know.Please raise your questions if any.第5/8頁

二）請根據中文意思完成下列句子。1.長城是世界一大奇跡。The Great Wall is one of the _______ in the world.2.請考慮一下我的建議。Please ____________ my suggestion.3．僅幾名士兵沒有戰死。Only a few soldiers ____________ the battle.4．我偶然在那書店里見到這本珍貴的書。

5．他的繪畫受到世界上一些專家的好評。Some experts of the world _______ his paintings.6．他給我們如此多的幫助我想為他做些事作為報答。He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something _________.7．有很多人出席了這次會議，其中三分之二都是同一個學校的。There are many people present at the meeting, two thirds of whom _________ _______ the same school.8．我們認為他說的不重要。We ___________ what he said unimportant.9．那些男孩去找吃的東西去了。________ 10． 他是個對音樂有天賦的學生。三）單項選擇

1.When I left, he _____ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party.A.remembered B.reminded C.was remained D.asked 2.______ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for 3.A working party has been set up to ______ this matter.A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look through 4.The had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _____ all the work.A.troubles to finish B.trouble to finish C.difficulty in finishing D.difficulties to finish 5.That dress is such a good _____ that it will be fashionable for years.A.manner B.style C.sort D.model 6.This photo _____ me __________ my childhood.A.reminded;of B.remembered;in C.recalled;in D.remained;into 7.A year later, his friend was appointed as a sales manager, but he _____ a salesman.A.reminded B.still C.worked D.remained 8.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____ , causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised;rise B.has been rose;raise C.has raised;rise D.has raised;rose 9.As I felt so much better, my doctor ______ me to take a holiday by the sea.A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.insisted 10.______ decision is made, you must ______.A.Once;carry it out B.when;carry out it C.As soon as;work out it D.After;carry it on 11.I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be albe to do something for you ______.A in turns B.in case C.in return D.in use 12.When you are in ______ about the meaning of the word, you can look it up in a dictionary.第6/8頁

A.idea B.talk C.wonder D.doubt 13.I’ve ______ invitation, but I don’t think I’ll______ it.A accepted;received B.received;receive C.taken;accept D.received;accept 四）定語從句專項 1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which 3.John said he’d been working in the lab for an hour, ______ was true.A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, ______, of course, made the others very happy.A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.Chongqing is the city ______ she lived when she was young.A.where B.which C.when D.how 6.Do you know the reasons ______ he came back? A.how B.which C.that D.why 7.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, ______ of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what 8.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 9.I don’t like cars ______ owners park too close to me.A.which B.who C.whose D.of which 10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.Which B.That C.As D.Such 11.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.this 12.Charlie Chaplin, ______ childhood was hard, began acting at the age of five.第7/8頁

A.who B.whom C.whose D.his 13.We are talking about a subject ______ the importance hasn’t been realized.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 14.The science of medicine, ______ progress has been very rapid, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.which B.that C.in which D.with which Unit1 Cultural relics答案

（一）1.cultural 2.remains 3.belonging 4.search 5.designed, style6.gift, return 7.mirror 8.wonder 9.considered, evidence, proved 10.pretend

（二）1.wonders 2.consider 3.survied 4.rare 5.thought highly of 6.in trturn 7.belong to 8.consider 9.in search of 10.gift

（三）BACCB ADABA CDD 四）

1-5 CDBBA 6-10 DCACC 11-14BCCC