第一篇：考博英語(yǔ)模擬試2018

考博英語(yǔ)模擬試題：考博英語(yǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練（1）

Overseas students shun UK and US universities

The market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms their position is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in 2003.The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentages did not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year.Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students.The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increase since 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001.The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻譯

英美大學(xué)留學(xué)生人數(shù)驟跌

據(jù)昨天公布的一項(xiàng)國(guó)際教育體系比較研究稱，英美大學(xué)的留學(xué)生市場(chǎng)份額急劇下降，而澳大利亞、日本和新西蘭日益成為受歡迎的留學(xué)目的地。

最新版《各國(guó)教育概觀》（Education at A Glance）顯示，盡管由于英美兩國(guó)以英語(yǔ)教學(xué)，且教育質(zhì)量明顯較高，外國(guó)學(xué)生繼續(xù)被這兩個(gè)國(guó)家所吸引，但相對(duì)而言，兩國(guó)的地位在下降。該報(bào)告是經(jīng)合組織（OECD）公布的年度教育審計(jì)報(bào)告。

總部位于巴黎的經(jīng)合組織報(bào)告說(shuō)，美國(guó)的市場(chǎng)份額2002至2003年下降了2%，而英國(guó)在經(jīng)合組織成員國(guó)中降幅最大，已從1998年16.2%的份額降至2003年的13.5%.該報(bào)告采用數(shù)據(jù)的最近年度是2003年，因此該數(shù)據(jù)并沒(méi)有將今年的情況包括在內(nèi)，今年留學(xué)英國(guó)的中國(guó)學(xué)生人數(shù)減少了21.3%.英國(guó)正日益依賴歐盟以外學(xué)生支付的更高學(xué)費(fèi)，使英國(guó)大學(xué)能夠繼續(xù)招收國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)生。

2003年海外留學(xué)生總?cè)藬?shù)為210萬(wàn)，自1998年以來(lái)每年平均增長(zhǎng)8.3%.根據(jù)這篇報(bào)告，自2001年9月11日的事件以來(lái)，美國(guó)大學(xué)校園里國(guó)際學(xué)生的構(gòu)成發(fā)生了驚人變化。來(lái)自海灣地區(qū)各國(guó)、北非以及某些東南亞國(guó)家的學(xué)生人數(shù)減少了10%至37%.報(bào)告還得出結(jié)論，盡管富國(guó)大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生人數(shù)仍在持續(xù)（或許不均勻地）增長(zhǎng)，學(xué)位的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值絲毫沒(méi)有貶值的跡象。

經(jīng)合組織教育指標(biāo)和分析部負(fù)責(zé)人安德里亞。施萊歇爾（Andreas Schleicher）說(shuō)，沒(méi)有證據(jù)顯示，學(xué)位資格在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)上的價(jià)值正發(fā)生“膨脹”，畢業(yè)生收入可以期望比那些沒(méi)有學(xué)位的人高出許多。

在評(píng)估全球?qū)W校的表現(xiàn)時(shí)，施萊歇爾先生說(shuō)，亞洲正在“急劇上升”，歐洲保持原有水準(zhǔn)，而南美洲則相對(duì)有所滑坡。

二、重點(diǎn)詞匯

destinationn.目的地，[計(jì)]目的文件，目的單元格

perceive vt.察覺(jué)

reliant adj.信賴的，依靠的，信賴自己的

domestic adj.家庭的，國(guó)內(nèi)的，與人共處的，馴服的 complexion n.面色，膚色，情況，局面

despite prep.不管，盡管，不論

tarnish v.失去光澤

indicator n.指示器，[化]指示劑

inflation n.脹大，夸張，通貨膨脹，（物價(jià)）暴漲

soaring adj.高飛的，翱翔的

考博英語(yǔ)模擬試題：考博英語(yǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練（2）

UN report warns poverty goals likely to be missed

The infant death rate for African Americans in Washington DC is higher than that in the cities of the Indian state of Kerala，the United Nations has warned as part of a damning review of poverty and inequality around the world.Published ahead of next week''s summit in New York to review progress in meeting goals to halve extreme poverty by 2015，the UN''s human development report says： US health indicators are far below those that might be expected on the basis of national wealth.The report，published by the United Nations Development Programme（UNDP），says the outcome is due partly to persistent and extreme disparities between people from different social and ethnic groups，as shown by recent images of poor black people stranded in New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina.The findings reflect a new focus by the UN upon differences within countries as well as between countries，as policymakers try to think of new ways to achieve the millennium development goals（MDGs），agreed in 2000.India and China，which have both enjoyed sustained economic growth，face worrying challenges.There are worrying indications that social progress is starting to lag behind economic performance，with the slowdown in the rate of reduction in child deaths a special concern.The UN notes that China spends 5 per cent of its GDP on health，but public spending now amounts to less than 2 per cent of GDP.The erosion of public funding，it says，has resulted in a mismatch between need and provision，with per capita spending in urban areas 3.5 times that in rural areas.Between 70 and 80 per cent of the rural population have no health insurance.Children living in the poorest parts of rural China face far greater health risks，and the gap is widening.The mortality rate for under-five-year-olds ranges from 8 per 1，000 in Beijing（comparable to the US），to 60 in the poorest parts of Gui zhou（comparable to Namibia）。

一、參考譯文

聯(lián)合國(guó)警告說(shuō)，美國(guó)首都華盛頓特區(qū)非裔美國(guó)人的嬰兒死亡率高于印度喀拉拉邦各城市。該警告是聯(lián)合國(guó)評(píng)估世界各地貧窮和不平等現(xiàn)象報(bào)告的一部分，聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)這些現(xiàn)象表示強(qiáng)烈不滿。

這份報(bào)告指出：“美國(guó)的健康指標(biāo)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于根據(jù)國(guó)家富裕程度所預(yù)期的水平?！贝饲奥?lián)合國(guó)曾制定目標(biāo)，希望到2015年將極端貧困人口減半。下周聯(lián)合國(guó)將在紐約召開峰會(huì)，回顧實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的進(jìn)展。在峰會(huì)前，聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)表了這份人類發(fā)展報(bào)告。考試大

聯(lián)合國(guó)開發(fā)計(jì)劃署（UNDP）發(fā)布的這份報(bào)告表示，這種結(jié)果部分是由于不同的社會(huì)群體和族裔群體之間存在著“持久的”和“極端的”不平等。最近美國(guó)新奧爾良的貧窮黑人因颶風(fēng)卡特里娜受困的景象就表明了這一點(diǎn)。

該報(bào)告的結(jié)論反映了聯(lián)合國(guó)在貧困問(wèn)題上的新的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)：不僅關(guān)注國(guó)家之間的不平等，而且也關(guān)注國(guó)家內(nèi)部的不平等。目前，各國(guó)的政策制定者試圖想出新方法，以實(shí)現(xiàn)2000年達(dá)成的千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)（MDGs）。

印度和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，但也面臨令人擔(dān)憂的挑戰(zhàn)。聯(lián)合國(guó)的這份報(bào)告說(shuō)：“有令人擔(dān)心的跡象表明，社會(huì)發(fā)展正開始落后于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，兒童死亡率下降速度放緩尤為令人擔(dān)心。”

聯(lián)合國(guó)指出，中國(guó)花費(fèi)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的5%用于健康醫(yī)療，但公共支出目前占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比例不足2%.報(bào)告稱，公共資金被侵蝕，已導(dǎo)致“需求和供給之間的錯(cuò)配”，城市人均支出是農(nóng)村地區(qū)的3.5倍。

70%和80%之間的農(nóng)村人口沒(méi)有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。居住在中國(guó)農(nóng)村最貧困地區(qū)的兒童面臨更大的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且城鄉(xiāng)差距在擴(kuò)大。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，在北京，五歲以下兒童的死亡率為千分之八（與美國(guó)相當(dāng)），但在貴州最貧困的地區(qū)，五歲以下兒童的死亡率為千分之六十（與納米比亞相當(dāng)）。

二、重點(diǎn)詞匯

Infant n.嬰兒，幼兒

Inequality n.不平等，不同，不等式，不平均，（表面）不平坦（用復(fù)數(shù)）

Indicatory adj.指示的，表示的 outcome n.結(jié)果，成果

persistent adj.持久穩(wěn)固的

extreme adj.盡頭的，極端的，極度的，偏激的，最后的 n.極端，極端的事物

ethnic adj.人種的，種族的，異教徒的 millennium n.太平盛世，一千年

concern vt.涉及，關(guān)系到

erosion n.腐蝕，侵蝕

provision n.供應(yīng)，（一批）供應(yīng)品，預(yù)備，防備，規(guī)定

insurance n.保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)單，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

mortality n.死亡率

考博英語(yǔ)模擬試題：考博英語(yǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練（3）

Ringtones no longer ringing the tills

The days of making easy money from ringtones short clips of music for mobile phones are over.What has been a hugely profitable business is coming under pressure from a narrowing of the craze to a smaller group of mostly younger people，a shift in the nature of ringtones themselves，and growing competition among distributors.In the UK and other European countries，where the fad first took hold，many of the people who once paid￡2（$3.5）or more for a 10-second clip have given up buying ringtones，said Chris Jones，an analyst at Canalys，a technology industry consultancy： People were doing it because it was a new thing to do.That has worn off with a big part of the market.In the US，where the business is at a much earlier stage，the craze appears to have stalled even before it has reached a mass market.Only about one in 10 mobile subscribers is buying ringtones.That is the same proportion as a year ago，according to InfoSpace，a US ringtone company that claims 47 percent of the US market，though it adds that reliable statistics about the market are difficult to come by.examda

At the same time，the new band of distributors that sprang up to sell ringtones is finding the fat profits much harder to come by.Users are starting to switch away from the familiar polyphonic renditions of famous tunes to short clips of the original music known in the industry as truetones or realtones.Most of the profits from these go straight to the record labels，not the middlemen who made a killing from earlier，cruder versions.一、參考譯文

靠一小段手機(jī)音樂(lè)鈴聲輕松賺錢的日子已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。

這一迄今利潤(rùn)豐厚的業(yè)務(wù)正面臨壓力，原因包括：對(duì)鈴聲狂熱的群體在縮小，目前多數(shù)是年紀(jì)比較小的人；鈴聲的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化；以及經(jīng)銷商之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益加劇。

高科技行業(yè)咨詢公司Canalys分析師克里斯。瓊斯（Chris Jones）說(shuō)，英國(guó)和其它歐洲國(guó)家是手機(jī)鈴聲熱潮的發(fā)源地，這里的許多年輕人此前曾為了一段10秒鐘的鈴聲花上2英鎊（合3.5美元）或更多錢，現(xiàn)在他們不再購(gòu)買鈴聲。“人們當(dāng)時(shí)這么做，是因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)新鮮事物?，F(xiàn)在人們對(duì)此興趣逐漸淡薄，很大一塊市場(chǎng)隨之消失?！痹诿绹?guó)，手機(jī)鈴聲業(yè)務(wù)還處在相當(dāng)初級(jí)的階段，鈴聲熱潮甚至在席卷大眾市場(chǎng)前就已停滯不前。僅有十分之一的手

機(jī)用戶在購(gòu)買音樂(lè)鈴聲。美國(guó)手機(jī)鈴聲公司InfoSpace稱，這一比例與一年前相同，盡管它補(bǔ)充指出，難以取得關(guān)于這一市場(chǎng)的可靠數(shù)據(jù)。InfoSpace據(jù)稱占據(jù)美國(guó)47%的鈴聲市場(chǎng)。考試大

同時(shí)，出現(xiàn)一批新的鈴聲經(jīng)銷商，它們正逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)在要實(shí)現(xiàn)高額利潤(rùn)比以前難多了。用戶從熟悉的著名曲子的“和弦”演奏轉(zhuǎn)向原版的音樂(lè)短片斷，后者在業(yè)內(nèi)稱為“真實(shí)鈴聲”（truetone）或“原音鈴聲”（realtone）。

來(lái)自這些鈴聲的大部分利潤(rùn)直接進(jìn)了唱片公司的口袋，而不是中間商。此前這些中間商依靠比較粗糙的鈴聲賺了一大筆錢。

二、重點(diǎn)詞匯

clip n.夾子，回形針，子彈夾

vt.夾住，剪短，修剪

profitable adj.有利可圖的 distributor n.發(fā)行人

analyst n.分析家，分解者

consultancy n.顧問(wèn)（工作）

subscriber n.訂戶，簽署者，捐獻(xiàn)者

proportion n.比例，均衡，面積，部分

vt.使成比例，使均衡，分?jǐn)?/p>

polyphonic adj.有許多聲音的，對(duì)位法的，復(fù)調(diào)的 rendition n.表演，演唱，翻譯 考博英語(yǔ)模擬試題：考博英語(yǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練（4）

China reins in economic expansion

China's growth in fixed-asset investment and its money supply slowed considerably in August，providing firm evidence that the government's tightening measures were reining in the country's rapid economic expansion.examda

Urban fixed-asset investment in August rose 21.5 per cent compared with a year ago，a marked slowdown from the 30.5 per cent expansion from January through July and the slowest for a single month since December 2004.M2，the broad indicator for money supply，rose 17.9 per cent last month compared with 18.4 per cent in July and June.China's economy has been growing at a record pace，expanding by 11.3 per cent in the second quarter.Beijing officials and many economists are concerned that such growth rates are not sustainable in the longer term.The latest economic data，which were released by Qiu Xiaohua，commissioner of China's National Bureau of Statistics，suggest Beijing has been able to control excessive lending and investment to sectors such as real estate that are especially at risk of overheating.Beijing is using a combination of monetary and administrative controls in its attempts to moderate growth.Since late April，China's central bank has twice raised benchmark lending rates and bank reserve requirements.Yesterday it also mopped up a record Rmb225bn（$28.3bn）in its regular open market operations.examda

Su Ning，the deputy central bank governor，said this week at an international conference in Beijing that the country's money supply was slowing dramatically as a result of these measures.At the same time，China's leaders are trying to control unnecessary production-for instance by limiting land rights and enforcing environmental standards in key industries such as steel，cement and automobiles.Beijing is also worried about overlending to urban property projects，including residences，offices and industrial parks，and the threat it could lead to artificially high prices and excess supply.While trying to temper credit and investment growth，Beijing is also attempting to stimulate consumer spending，since it believes a strong middle class will be a key driver of future growth.China's statistics body said August retail sales were up 13.8 per cent，a rate consistent with that of the previous two months.Demand for oil products，jewellery，automobiles and building has been particularly strong.一、參考譯文：

8月份中國(guó)固定資產(chǎn)投資及貨幣供應(yīng)量增長(zhǎng)速度明顯放緩，這有力地證明，政府的緊縮舉措，正在抑制中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速擴(kuò)張。

8月份，中國(guó)城市固定資產(chǎn)投資較上年同期增長(zhǎng)21.5%，與1至7月份期間30.5%的擴(kuò)張速度相比，有明顯放緩；同時(shí)也是自2004年12月以來(lái)，單月增幅最低的一個(gè)月。廣義貨幣供應(yīng)量M2上月增長(zhǎng)17.9%，而7月份和6月份的增幅均為18.4%.中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)一直在以創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的速度增長(zhǎng)，第二季度的增幅為11.3%.中國(guó)政府官員和許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心，長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)而言，這樣的增長(zhǎng)速度難以維持。

中國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局（National Bureau of Statistics）局長(zhǎng)邱曉華發(fā)布的最新經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)政府能夠控制對(duì)房地產(chǎn)等行業(yè)的過(guò)渡放貸和投資，這些行業(yè)尤其存在過(guò)熱風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

中國(guó)政府正通過(guò)貨幣和行政調(diào)控手段相結(jié)合的方式，努力緩和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。自4月底以來(lái)，中國(guó)央行已兩度上調(diào)基準(zhǔn)貸款利率和銀行存款準(zhǔn)備金比率。昨日，央行還在其例行的公開市場(chǎng)操作中，創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄地完成2250億元人民幣（合283億美元）的資金回籠工作。

本周，中國(guó)央行副行長(zhǎng)蘇寧在北京舉行的一個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議上表示，由于上述措施，中國(guó)的貨幣供應(yīng)“明顯”放緩。

與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正試圖控制非必要的生產(chǎn)——例如，在鋼鐵、水泥和汽車等關(guān)鍵行業(yè)，限制土地使用權(quán)并強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行各種環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

中國(guó)政府還對(duì)城市地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目（包括住宅、寫字樓和工業(yè)園區(qū)）上的過(guò)度放貸，以及可能由此導(dǎo)致的人為高價(jià)和供應(yīng)過(guò)度感到擔(dān)憂。考試大

在努力遏制信貸和投資增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)，中國(guó)政府還試圖刺激消費(fèi)支出，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為，一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的中產(chǎn)階層，將成為未來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動(dòng)力。

中國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局表示，8月份，社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額較上年同期增長(zhǎng)13.8%，這一幅度與前兩個(gè)月持平。石油產(chǎn)品、珠寶、汽車和建筑方面的需求一直特別強(qiáng)勁。

二、重點(diǎn)詞匯：

investment n.投資，可獲利的東西

evidence n.明顯，顯著，明白，跡象，根據(jù)，[物]證據(jù)，證物

indicator n.指示器，[化]指示劑

sustainable adj.可以忍受的，足可支撐的，養(yǎng)得起的 excessive adj.過(guò)多的，過(guò)分的，額外

benchmark[計(jì)]基準(zhǔn)

deputy n.代理人，代表

dramatically adv.戲劇地，引人注目地

artificially adv.人工（考試大）

credit n.信任，信用，聲望，榮譽(yù)，[財(cái)務(wù)]貸方，銀行存款

vt.相信，信任，把??歸給

previous adj.在前的，早先的

adv.（1）在??以前；（2）返回上一級(jí)菜單

第二篇：考博英語(yǔ)

1How compelling and thought-provoking the above image is(images are)!

多么引人注目的、容易讓人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想的畫面呀！

2What is apparently betrayed in the cartoon(s)is that …,in contrast, …

這個(gè)漫畫明顯表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的是、、、、，相反的，、、、、、3What on earth can we derive from the interesting and instructive drawing?

從這幅有趣的、有教育性意義的圖畫上我們究竟可以得到什么信息呢？

4It goes without saying that(there is no denying the fact that)what the painter actually aims to convey in the picture is(pictures are)profound.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，事實(shí)上作者在這幅畫中傳達(dá)的目標(biāo)意義深刻。

5Primarily, we can learn that such cases are far from being rare and upsetting parallels can be readily found anywhere from our neighborhood and around the world.6What’s more, there has been a growing concern nowadays over the worsening phenomenon.7It is hard to imagine what our society would be like if such pervasive trend go unchallenged.首先，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的事情很常見(jiàn)，在我們附近，在世界范圍內(nèi)很容易的就能看到類似的令人不愉快的事情。其次，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)對(duì)這類惡化的現(xiàn)象給予了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。很難想象如果類似的影響惡劣的趨勢(shì)沒(méi)有得到制止我們的社會(huì)將變成什么樣子。

8Additionally, to reverse the grim situation, effective and efficient measures should be entailed by all parties concerned.9The authorities, the mass media and every one are on the list.10Enhancing people’s awareness of such practices and setting up relevant rules and regulations ought to be top priority of the agenda.另外，為了扭轉(zhuǎn)嚴(yán)峻的情況，相關(guān)政黨應(yīng)該采取有效的方法，職權(quán)部門、大眾傳媒和每一個(gè)人都包括在內(nèi)。提高大家對(duì)這些措施的關(guān)注程度、制定相關(guān)規(guī)章制度應(yīng)該是位于日程之首。11Considering what’s presented above, we may safely come to the conclusion that it is high time that such stories were ended or at least reduced.12I am strongly convinced that only when such things vanish or disappear, can we maintain a happy, healthy and harmonious society as we all wish.考慮到以上提到的事情，我們可以順利的得出結(jié)論：是該結(jié)束或者減少這類事情的時(shí)候了。我堅(jiān)信只有這類事情消失的時(shí)候，我們才能夠維持一個(gè)我們希望所的快樂(lè)、健康、和諧的社會(huì)。

若是好的話題：

1.第5句去掉upsetting

2.第6句去掉worsening

3.第7句移到最后一段的最后一句，且改./;成It’s hard …if we fail to grasp such cases and can

not put them into practice.4.把第8句換句舉例：To make the point even clearer, let’s come to example regarding an

acquaintance of mine.（為了更明顯的表達(dá)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，我將舉一個(gè)關(guān)于我一個(gè)熟人的例子）

5.第3段 …that it is high time all parties concerned took effective and efficient measures to

practice.The authorities, the mass media, as well as each individual are involved.And I’m strongly convinced that we’ll ensure such practices, thus maintaining a happy, healthy, harmonious society as we all wish.（1）不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點(diǎn)二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一____.On the other hand, __原因二___.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點(diǎn)一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more

（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)一______.And secondly ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點(diǎn)一______.In addition, ____缺點(diǎn)二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.（3）答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文題目, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法

（4）諺語(yǔ)警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語(yǔ)_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語(yǔ)的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語(yǔ)_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語(yǔ)_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）圖表作文的框架

As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease

(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.1．開頭萬(wàn)能公式一：名人名言

原理：名人名言盡管編，但是一定要聽起來(lái)很有道理

經(jīng)典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（適用于已記住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（適用于自編名言）

更多經(jīng)典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2．開頭萬(wàn)能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)

原理：要想更有說(shuō)服力，就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明。還是靠編

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college

students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來(lái)這個(gè)數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實(shí)都是編造出來(lái)的，下面幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造：Honesty根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請(qǐng)假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。

Youth根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某大學(xué)，學(xué)生課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂(lè)。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式：

1．結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式一：如此結(jié)論

說(shuō)完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)篇大論，到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說(shuō)結(jié)束語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō)，開頭很好，也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此為過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見(jiàn)之”，但說(shuō)無(wú)妨，就當(dāng)讀者眼光太淺罷了！更多過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2．結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式二：如此建議

如果說(shuō)“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒(méi)用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了，因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用得很經(jīng)典，因?yàn)榭脊俦緛?lái)經(jīng)?？歼@個(gè)句型，而如果我們自己寫出來(lái)，你說(shuō)考官會(huì)怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

第三篇：考博英語(yǔ)優(yōu)秀

中科院博士研究生英語(yǔ)寫作分析及范文

1999.3

2000.3

2001.3

2002.3

2002.10

2003.3

2003.10

2004.3

2005.3 題目解析：

“如何減少交通事故?”這道作文題目簡(jiǎn)潔明了，比較容易把握。正確地理解本題最重要的是抓住題眼，也就是“如何”這個(gè)詞。本題十分明確地要求考生專門討論解決某一現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題的具體措施，而有的考生沒(méi)能緊緊圍繞解決辦法多著筆墨，而去分析交通事故這個(gè)問(wèn)題背后的根源，顯然無(wú)法取得理想的成績(jī)。范文：

With the rapid development of society, more and more people in China can afford to buy a car.As a consequence, traffic accidents gradually become a serious problem and bring great inconveniences to people.In my opinion, this problem can be solved from three aspects.Firstly, our government should take drastic measures and enforce a series of effective traffic rules, which must be well acknowledged and understood by every person.Those who do not obey the rules will be punished according to the actual situation.Secondly, the Ministry of Communications should make every effort to better the poor traffic environment.We need traffic police to be responsible for their job.If our policemen can be committed to what they are doing, the traffic condition will surely be improved.Thirdly, every member of the society should realize the seriousness of traffic accidents, which not only bring mischief to the drivers themselves, but also lead their families into bitterness.As drivers, they should not drink alcohol before driving.As walkers, they should not cross the street when red light is still on.In a word, it is the task of the whole society to solve the traffic accidents.I believe the traffic accidents will be reduced through the endeavor of everyone, and our society will have a nice traffic order and environment.(220 words)

2006.3 題目解析：

本題首先列出了一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的現(xiàn)象：中國(guó)雖然擁有世界上最多的人口和大量的研究工作者，卻至今沒(méi)能培養(yǎng)出一名諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者。針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象，題目的要求是十分具體的，就是去分析這種現(xiàn)象背后的根源。換句話說(shuō)，對(duì)原因的挖掘是本題的重點(diǎn)。

范文：

Nobel Prize, an international award given for achievements in various academic fields, has been a great honor to people from different countries.However, China, with the greatest population and a large number of research workers, has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far.In my opinion, various contributing factors can be identified as follows.First of all, though the educational system in China has fostered many researchers, it somehow hinders individuals’ creativity.Children are usually not valued by their unique way of thinking, but are encouraged to be obedient.Especially in the traditional cramming method of teaching, schools lay particular stress on memorization at the expense of comprehension, which has a very bad influence on students’ ability to solve difficult problems.Furthermore, for a long period in Chinese history, China had been isolated from the outside world.In ancient times, we were self-contained for self-pride, believing that China was at the center of the whole universe.In modem times, we were self-fettered for self-protection, afraid of the invasion of other countries.As a consequence, China has lagged behind in many fields including science development.Researchers in China have little idea about the research interests of their own areas.At the same time, discoveries by Chinese researchers cannot be made known to foreign countries.For instance, the clone technology was first explored by scientists from Chinese Academy of Sciences decades ago, but their research did not arouse international concern simply due to lack of communication.Fortunately, the situation mentioned above has been changing.Our educational system has improved a great deal and more and more opportunities to communicate with the external world have been offered.Therefore, I am sure that in the near future China will have one or more Nobel Prize winners.(298 words)

第四篇：英語(yǔ)對(duì)于考博

英語(yǔ)對(duì)于考博，只要是經(jīng)歷過(guò)考博的戰(zhàn)友們肯定深切的感受過(guò)它的重要性，今天取這個(gè)疑似廣告推銷的標(biāo)題并不是想嘩眾取寵，而是誠(chéng)心的想給過(guò)我很多幫助的園子里的戰(zhàn)友們分享下這成功絕地反擊的經(jīng)驗(yàn)體會(huì)。

我參加的是全國(guó)英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考，去年因?yàn)閷?duì)自己英語(yǔ)水平的過(guò)分樂(lè)觀，以一分之差被拒之門外。今年痛定思痛，最終一雪前恥，而且，在復(fù)試中也全靠外語(yǔ)上的優(yōu)勢(shì)才能脫穎而出。

首先是復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間，如果你的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí)，或者想在英語(yǔ)成績(jī)上有長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，你最需要的不是學(xué)習(xí)竅門而是時(shí)間，我是從考前四個(gè)多月開始復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的，而且因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)是第二年考，時(shí)間相對(duì)充裕，第一年考的戰(zhàn)友提前五個(gè)月以上絕對(duì)是必要的，哪怕剛開始只投入很少的時(shí)間，英語(yǔ)是點(diǎn)滴積累的過(guò)程，想必大家都明白這個(gè)道理。

關(guān)于單詞。很多戰(zhàn)友曾經(jīng)提出為了保證復(fù)習(xí)效率，建議放棄單詞。實(shí)際上，如果你不是真的時(shí)間非常緊迫，我認(rèn)為單詞絕對(duì)是重點(diǎn)，只有擴(kuò)展了詞匯量，你才能在閱讀、聽力、作文等的復(fù)習(xí)中更快的融會(huì)貫通，不然你永遠(yuǎn)存在著瓶頸。去年，我就因?yàn)闆](méi)系統(tǒng)的記單詞，在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中總感覺(jué)很沒(méi)效率。今年，我首先花一個(gè)月的時(shí)間解決單詞，我推薦的方法是“重復(fù)記憶法”。具體方法參照?qǐng)@子里一個(gè)題為“15天搞定考博單詞”帖子，效果雖然沒(méi)他吹噓的這么神，但是還是很有幫助的，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)最重要的是按這個(gè)方法記單詞不但更有效率，也能讓人更加專注，不容易走神，更有計(jì)劃，同時(shí)能增強(qiáng)自信心。但這個(gè)方法的確是很需要毅力的，特別在中期很難堅(jiān)持下來(lái)。而且在完成一個(gè)月的單詞作戰(zhàn)后，后面的復(fù)習(xí)中還是要花一些時(shí)間快速的溫習(xí)記過(guò)的單詞。至于采用什么單詞表，我沒(méi)有更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我用的是蔣躍出的模擬題后面的單詞表。

關(guān)于聽力。園子里已經(jīng)有很多人講解過(guò)聽力的重要性和如何準(zhǔn)備聽力，其30分的分值的確是拉分的利器。有前輩提出“邊聽邊寫”是提高聽力的最可靠方法，但我感覺(jué)“寫”實(shí)在是很浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的一個(gè)事情，所以我是邊聽，邊在心里默念重復(fù)聽到句子，要做到你能分辨的出每個(gè)單詞。一篇文章，你要反復(fù)的聽，反復(fù)的聽每個(gè)句子，甚至反復(fù)的聽某個(gè)你覺(jué)得聽了反應(yīng)不過(guò)來(lái)的單詞，這樣才能最扎實(shí)的訓(xùn)練你的語(yǔ)感和聽力的反應(yīng)速度。當(dāng)然，也要通過(guò)一些聽力模擬題和真題進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練，蔣躍的《聽力一本通》就是不錯(cuò)的選擇。

關(guān)于完形填空，這部分我個(gè)人覺(jué)得詳細(xì)準(zhǔn)備的價(jià)值不大，考的大多是語(yǔ)法，當(dāng)然也有詞匯和閱讀能力，在其他的復(fù)習(xí)中可以一并加強(qiáng)。

關(guān)于閱讀。個(gè)人感覺(jué)，花大量的時(shí)間在閱讀的訓(xùn)練上是不明智的，其實(shí)大部分人閱讀的能力相差不大，而且提高閱讀水平的難度是各部分中最難的。但你必須要做的是熟悉考博英語(yǔ)閱讀的題目類型，出題習(xí)慣，出題特點(diǎn)，比如考博英語(yǔ)中往往細(xì)節(jié)題考得比較多，而且往往文章閱讀的難度不大，但題目出的思維很刁鉆，這些可以參考一些考博英語(yǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練材料里的理論講解，而不用大量的做他們的練習(xí)。當(dāng)然真題中的閱讀是要很認(rèn)真的做，并且分析題目的。

關(guān)于寫作。這部分往往是讓人喜歡忽略的。其實(shí)這部分是最容易提高的。去年我只是在做真題的時(shí)候?qū)崙?zhàn)寫了幾篇作文，最后考試時(shí)，作文最終也是感覺(jué)稀里糊涂。今年，我參照的是《醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一考試—寫作教程》，梁平主編。里面會(huì)教你考博寫作的框架和格式，然后通過(guò)大量的翻譯訓(xùn)練，鍛煉你的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力，同時(shí)減少寫作時(shí)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和拼寫錯(cuò)誤，減少這些錯(cuò)誤才是你寫作取得高分的最重要保障。最后要在每次做真題時(shí)進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)寫作訓(xùn)練，并且通過(guò)對(duì)照范文，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的不足。今年考試中的寫作，當(dāng)我完成時(shí)，我就感覺(jué)一定是15分以上的。

關(guān)于真題。這個(gè)是不得不仔細(xì)研究的東西。我個(gè)人覺(jué)得將最近的10份左右的真題放在最后2個(gè)月的時(shí)間做是比較合理的。平均一個(gè)星期左右做一份真題，并且要把每次真題的訓(xùn)練當(dāng)成考試，嚴(yán)格按照實(shí)際考試的時(shí)間來(lái)做題，做完后，必須要大量的時(shí)間來(lái)分析這些題目。

唧唧歪歪說(shuō)了這么多，可能很多人覺(jué)得并沒(méi)有什么訣竅可言，但其實(shí)只要你具備了足夠的“決心和毅力”，一切訣竅都可以是浮云。最后真心祝所有即將和正在奮斗在考博道路上的戰(zhàn)友夢(mèng)想成真！

第五篇：南開大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)

南開考博英語(yǔ)

一、聽力（含對(duì)話和短文）：20分

二、詞匯：15分

三、閱讀理解：40分

四、改錯(cuò)：10分

五、作文：15分

一、聽力（1分×20=20分）

二、詞匯（0.5分×20=10分）

三、閱讀（1-10題1分，11-30題1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）(A)出自北京海淀區(qū)07年高三11月月考英語(yǔ)卷

To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey（獵物）, meeting mates and protecting themselves.A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve to death.by controlpanel

So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved.For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs.Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的），it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands（線）.Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider.by controlpanel

The spider stores energy by recycling web protein.It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk.In studies with radioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day' web.Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down．by controlpanel

Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（無(wú)脊推動(dòng)物）．If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web.One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.by controlpanel 1.A title that would best express the main idea of the passage would be.A.Secrets of Spiders.B.Secrets of the Web C.Secrets of Nature D.A New Discovery of Scientists 2.According to the passage which of the following statements is true A.All web-building spiders are blind B.Most spiders are blind C.Only a small part of web-building spiders can see.D.All spiders can weave webs.3.Without its web a web-building spider would NOT be able to.A.walk quickly B.see the prey clearly C.conserve its energy D.survive 4.A spider conserves its energy.A.because it constructs new webs daily B.as it walks over the strands it lays C.by eating its own web protein and then re-using it in the new web D.by eating only in the evening 5.That a spider is able to finish an incomplete web of another proves that.A.a spider re-uses its web energy to reproduce new silk B.spiders have a highly preprogrammed brain C.the web is everything to a spider D.a spider is able to remedy a destroyed web.(B)出自1997年1月托福閱讀全真試題

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat.One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays.Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel.This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.by controlpanel Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals.The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight.An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink.Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes.A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication.The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.by controlpanel 6.What is the main topic of the passage?

(A)Weather variations in the desert

(B)Adaptations of desert animals

(C)Diseased of desert animals

(D)Human use of desert animals.7.According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?

(A)It helps them hide from predators.(B)It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.(C)It helps them see their young at night

(D)It keeps them cool at night.8.The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of

(A)an animal with a low average temperature

(B)an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel(C)a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures

(D)a desert animal with a constant body temperature

9.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?

(A)They do not need to eat much food.(B)They can eat large quantities quickly

(C)They easily lose their appetites.(D)They can travel long distances looking for food.10.Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?

(A)To show how they use camels.(B)To contrast them to desert mammals.(C)To give instructions about desert survival.(D)To show how they have adapted to desert life.(C)關(guān)于旅游能擴(kuò)展思路（原文沒(méi)找到）(D)出自四川理工學(xué)院大學(xué)英語(yǔ)試卷

Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.by controlpanel We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight row, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious.Everything of importance comes from the teacher.by controlpanel With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students.In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else.Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem.Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with.John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.by controlpanel 11.The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.A.For the teacher to divide students into small groups.B.To make it possible for students to interact with each other.CFor the teacher to find out how students think.D.To give students more opportunities to practice speaking.3 12.The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years”(in Para.1)is intended to convey the idea that_______.A.College classrooms often reminded people of their college life.B.Critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago.C.A hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different.D.There is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years.13.The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that________ AThe teacher saves the trouble in doing that.B.Learning is made comfortable in this way.C.The teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces.D.Brighter students can help slower ones.14.All the following statements are true according to the passage except that

_________.A.New kinds of desks and chairs should be made.B.It is feasible for teacher to let students turn around and form groups of four to six even in large lecture halls.C.Classroom interaction between students is essential to the training of critical thinking.D.A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.15.The author mentioned John in Para.5 in order to ________ A.Create a comfortable setting for interaction.B.Give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.C.Describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.D.Introduce an approach if learning students’ names and faces easily.(E)出自2006年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)新題型模擬試題

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that，its own economic prosperity．Thus，children were valued in terms of their productivity and they assumed the role of producer quite early．Until they fulfilled this role，their position，in the structure of the family was one of subordination，and their psychological need and capacities received little consideration．

As the society became more complex，the status（地位）of children in the family and in the society became more important．In the complex technological society that the United States has become，each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members．Consequently，viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted（多方面的）member of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian（功利的）organisms ．This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being．

This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques．People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children．It is now possible to influence the 4 details of the socialization of another person's child by spreading the gospel（原則、信條）of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing． by controlpanel The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way parent-to-child training program．As a consequence，socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure，satisfaction，and problem．

16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A）The Place of Children in United States Society B）The Children of Colonial North America C）The Development of Cultural Values D）The Child as a Utilitarian Organism

17．According to the author，children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their ．

A）academic achievements B）survival instincts

C）physical characteristics D）productive roles

18．What can be inferred from the passage about formal schooling in colonial North America？

A）Children were taught to learn from other children's success．

B）Children were taught to be more productive．

C）Schooling at that time was very undeveloped．

D）Teachers and parents would pay much attention to the children's psychological needs．

19．Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States？ by controlpanel A）An increase in technology．

B）The growing complexity of the child's psychological needs．

C）A decrease in the child's intellectual capacities．

D）The growing number of single parent families．

20．According to the passage parents have become increasingly interested in ____ ．

A）their children's future occupations B）having smaller families

C）adoptions programs for childless couples D）child-rearing techniques

(F)關(guān)于American paradox（原文沒(méi)找到）

四、改錯(cuò)（1分×10=10分）出自英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試模擬題

The second most important constituent of the biosphere is liquid water.This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.This is

only a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some

other planets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature __1__ of the sun.by controlpanel As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a __2__ planet had temperatures somewhere within this range.__3__ The earth’s supply of water probably remains quite fairly constant __4__ in quantity.A certain number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituents of water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, but they are probably just __5__ about to be replaced by new water rising away from the depths of the __6__ earth during volcanic action.The total quantity of water is not

known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe __7__ to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms.Most of it—97% is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans.The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the Poles __8__ and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems when __9__ melted.Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat fewer __10__ than 1%of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as underground water as is actually on the surface.There is also a minor，but extremely important, fraction of the water supply by controlpanel which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.答案：

1.Let ^the 加入alone.Let alone 意為“更不用說(shuō)”，表示一種讓步關(guān)系。2.face-surface 根據(jù)上下文理解，應(yīng)該指地球的表面。

3.planet^had 加入which或that。這樣使得planet后面的句子成為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。4.去掉fairly或quite 意思重復(fù)。5.out改成outer 這里指外層空間。6.去掉away rise后面不接away。

7.and改成although 短文中這里是讓步關(guān)系，而不是并列關(guān)系。

8.quarter改成quarters 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，當(dāng)分子是二以上的數(shù)時(shí)，分母應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。

9.when改成until或者unless 根據(jù)上下文，這句話的意思應(yīng)為:除非（冰雪)融化，否則（地球上的）生命系統(tǒng)就無(wú)法利用水。所以when在這里的意思有誤。

10.fewer改成less 文中的remaining fraction 仍指水，因此不能用fewer，要用less。

五、作文（20分）

The Environment Protecting and Economic Developing 提綱：

1、闡述二者的relation；

2、提出建議和solution；

3、以一個(gè)natural end結(jié)尾。

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ⅡReading Comprehension(20 points)

Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture.To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S.cities have simply built more roads.But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run.Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.

The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system.Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.

hPathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement.Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.

Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock.Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.

kaobo.cn,kaobo.org“Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute.“It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough.It sends people the wrong message.They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but that's been solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems.It's not the solution itself, just pan of the package.There are different strategies.”

Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.

It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years.There has to be a big change.

1.What is the appropriate title for the passage ?

A.Smart Highway Projects—The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion. B.A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems. C.A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.

D.Highways Get Smart—Part of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.

2.The compound word “quick-fix” in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.an optional solution B.an expedient solution C.a ready solution

D.an efficient solution

3.According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to __________. A.develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highways B.provide passenger vehicle with a variety of services C.optimize the highway capabilities

D.improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors 4.According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, __________. A.car pooling must be studied B.rapid mass transit system must be introduced C.flexible work hours must be experimented D.overall strategies must be coordinated

5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage? A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.

B.A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered. C.Latest developments are outlined in order of importance. D.An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized. Passage 2 A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage.Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals.If we encounter a dangerous wild animal—a poisonous snake or a wildcat—we do not fly into a temper.If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away;if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage.We reserve rage for our own species.It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man—indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man—man rage becomes more comprehensible.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles.We are always using tile words “us and them”.“Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side.In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack.The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics.Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modern psychological representation of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remenber that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it.

The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspecies itself.The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies.And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland.The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it.The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin.The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted. 6.A suitable title for this passage would be __________. A.Wily Human Armies Are Formed B.Man's Anger Against the World C.The Human Capacity for Rage D.Early Straggles of Angry Mail

7 According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is __________.A.its lengthy and complex development

B.a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland C.that we do not fly into a temper more often D.that we reserve anger for mankind 8.The passage suggests that __________. A.historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” society

B.humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping

C.the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination D.the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time 9.From the passage we can infer that __________.

A.the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens B.games are psychologically unhealthy

C.any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy

D.the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's sctivities.

10.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is __________.

A.founded in historical fact

B.deceptive C.apparent

D.accurate Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1.Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are __________ to imported ones.

A.inadequate B.inappropriate

C.inferior D.interior

2.It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he __________ what he knows. A.makes for B.makes of C.makes up D.makes out

3.Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was used for business __________, something unheard of in Europe.

A.transformations B.transmissions C.transitions D.transactions

4.As the pressure __________ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.

A.intensifies

B.magnifies

C.heightens

D.deviates

5.The strong scent of Kate's perfume __________ the air in the small room. A.radiated B.permeated？ C.extracted？ D.dispersed

6.The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least __________, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences. A.radical B.prominent C.confidential D.controversial

7.They are __________ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them. A.tempting B.tickling C.tormenting D.tricking

8.Another popular misconception is the __________ that great talent is usually highly specific. A.notion B.dilemma C.domain D.analogy

9.You can __________ the loudness of the radio by turning the knob to right or left. A.change B.vary C.alter D.transform

10.The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be __________. A.enormous B.huge C.vast D.immense Part Ⅳ？ Error Correction(10 points)

Directions: In the following passage, there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you cross out a word, put a slant(/)in the blank. When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or in some other way does not live to the manufacturer's claim for it,？ 1.__________ ___ 2.__________ ____ the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at thestore of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.Moreover, 3.__________ ___ if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complaindirectly to the store manager.In general, the “high up” the consumer？

4.__________ _____ takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled.？

5.__________ ___

In such case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assumed he 6.__________ _______ or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain about in person 7.__________ ________ whenever possible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is 8.__________ ________ acceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter.？

9.__________ __________

Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate that is wrong？

10.__________ __________ with the item in question. Part Ⅴ Writing(10 points)略

Frankly speaking, in contemporary China, volunteer is not quite prevailing or in a embarrased situation attributing to the misunderstanding among the crow.What's worse, the minority of people treat it as a useless and meaningless career in the world.In fact, there is of great essenciality to correct the wrong opinion in volunteer and advocate the volunteer career.As follows, I will list some advantages of volunteer.First of all, volunteer play quite vital a role in our sociaty.Taking Beijing Olympic Game for example, there is no doubt that volunteer is a bridge between Chinese and volunteer, they help to translate for native sellers, keep the activity and traffic in order and so on.Moreover, volunteer is the pioneer when faced with the catastrophe.In the wenchuan earthquake, indisputably, volunteer lend a hand to the victime in the first moment.From my own perspective, volunteer is the most sacred career in this world, we should feel pround of that we are volunteers.10