第一篇：考博英語完形填空沖刺2016模擬試題及答案

考博英語完形填空沖刺模擬試題

（一）Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is ___1___ only among those with whom he is acquainted.When

a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, ___2___ embarrassed.You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to ___3___ the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner;hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite

offensive.___4___, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, ___5___ broken, makes the offender immediately the object of ___6___.It has been known as a fact that the a British has a ___7___ for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it

___8___.Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom ___9___ forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and ___10___ to everyone.This may be so.___11___ a British cannot have much ___12___ in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often

proved wrong ___13___ a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts!The man in the street seems to be as accurate---or as inaccurate---as

the weathermen in his ___14___.Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references ___15___ weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day.Very often

conversational greetings are ___16___ by comments on the weather.“Nice day, isn't it?” “Beautiful!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are

you?” ___17___ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.___18___ he wants

to start a conversation with a British but is ___19___ to knowswheresto begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather.It is a safe subject

which will ___20___ an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1.A.relaxed B.frustrated C.amused D.exhausted 2.A.yet B.otherwise C.even D.so

3.A.experience B.witness C.watch D.undergo

4.A.Deliberately B.Consequently C.Frequently D.Apparently 5.A.unless B.once C.while D.as

6.A.suspicion B.opposition C.criticism D.praise 7.A.emotion B.fancy C.likeliness D.judgement

8.A.at length B.to a great extent C.from his heart D.by all means 9.A.follows B.predicts C.defies D.supports

10.A.dedication B.compassion C.contemplation D.speculation 11.A.Still B.Also C.Certainly D.Fundamentally 12.A.faith B.reliance C.honor D.credit 13.A.if B.once C.when D.whereas

14.A.propositions B.predictions C.approval D.defiance 15.A.about B.on C.in D.to

16.A.started B.conducted C.replaced D.proposed 17.A.Since B.Although C.However D.Only if 18.A.Even if B.Because C.If D.For

19.A.at a loss B.at last C.insgroupsD.on the occasion 20.A.stimulate B.constitute C.furnish D.provoke 參考答案：

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D

11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.D

（二）Music comes in many forms;most countries have a style of their own.__1__the turn of the century when jazz(爵士樂)was born, America had no prominent__2__of its own.No one knows exactly when jazz was__ 3__, or by whom.But it began to be__4__in the early 1900s.Jazz is America's contribution to__5__music.In contrast to classical music, which__6__ formal European traditions.jazz is spontaneous and free-form.It bubbles with energy,__7__ moods, interests and emotions of the people.In the 1920s jazz__8__like America.And__9__it does today.The__10__of this music arc as interesting as the music__11__, American Negroes , or blacks, as they are called today were the Jazz__12__.They were brought to the Southern states__ 13__ slaves.They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long__14__.When a Negro died his friends and relatives__15__a procession to carry the body to the cemetery.In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the__ 16__.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion.__17__on the way home the mood changed.Spirits lifted.Death had removed one of their__18__, but the living were glad to be alive.The band played__19__music, improvising(即興表演)on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes__20__at the funeral.This music made everyone wan to dance.It was an early form of Jazz.1.A)By B)At C)In D)On

2.A)music B)song C)melody D)style

3.A)discovered B)acted C)invented D)designed

4.A)noticed B)found C)listened D)heard

5.A)classical B)sacred C)Popular D)light

6.A)forms B)follows C)approaches D)introduces

7.A)expressing B)explaining C)exposing D)illustrating

8.A)appeared B)felt C)seemed D)sounded

9.A)as B)so C)either D)neither

10.A)origins B)originals C)discoveries D)resources

11.A)concerned B)itself C)available D)oneself

12.A)Players B)fo llowers C)fans D)pioneers

13.A)for B)as C)with D)by

14.A)months B)weeks C)hours D)times

15.A)demonstrated B)composed C)hosted D)formed

16.A)demonstration B)procession C)body D)march

17.A)Even B)Therefore C)Furthermore D)But

18.A)number B)members C)body D)relations

19.A)sad B)solemn C)happy D)funeral

20.A)whistled B)sung C)presented D)showed

參考答案：

1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A

11.B 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.C

（三）Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities.Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of 1 , crime, poverty and moral 2.Their distrust was caused, 3.by a national ideology that 4 farming the greatest occupation and rural living 5 to urban living.This attitude 6 even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential 7 of the national landscape.Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology.Thousands 8 the precarious(不穩定的)life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city.But when these people 9 from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them.These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were 10 with great problems, eagerly 11 the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the 12 of the city.One of many reforms came 13 the area of public utilities.Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by 14 governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned.Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would 15 exorbitant(過度的)rates for these essential services and 16 them only to people who could afford them.Some city and state governments responded by 17 the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves.18 of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would 19 widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a 20 price.1.[A]eruption [B]corruption [C]interruption [D]provocation 2.[A]disgrace [B]deterioration [C]dishonor [D]degradation 3.[A]by origin [B]in part [C]at all [D]at random 4.[A]proclaimed [B]exclaimed [C]claimed [D]reclaimed 5.[A]superb [B]super [C]exceptional [D]superior 6.[A]predominated [B]dominated [C]commanded [D]prevailed

7.[A]feature [B]peculiarity [C]quality [D]attribute 8.[A]deserted [B]departed [C]abolished [D]abandoned 9.[A]reallocated [B]migrated [C]replaced [D]substituted 10.[A]overwhelmed [B]overflowed [C]overtaken [D]preoccupied 11.[A]embraced [B]adopted [C]hugged [D]outbreaks 12.[A]chaos [B]chores [C]chorus [D]outbreaks 13.[A]at [B]by [C]out [D]in 14.[A]public [B]municipal [C]republican [D]national

15.[A] charge [B] take [C] cost [D] spend

16.[A] distribute [B] deliver [C] transfer [D] transport

17.[A] degenerating [B] generating [C] regenerating [D] regulating

18.[A] Proponents [B] Opponents [C] Sponsors [D] Rivals

19.[A] secure [B] ensure [C] reassure [D] incur

20.[A] fair [B] just [C] square [D] objective Passage 3.BDBCD DADBA AADBA BDABA

（四）Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche（靈魂、精神）was superiority.Although 1 he believed that individuals struggled to achieve superiority over others, Adler, eventually 2 a more complex definition of the drive for superiority.Adler's concept of striving for superiority does not 3 the everyday meaning of the word superiority.He did not mean that we innately（天生地）seek to 4 one another in rank or position, 5 did he mean that we seek to 6 an attitude of exaggerated importance over our peers.7.Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire to be competent and effective, complete and thorough, in 8 one strives to do.Striving for superiority occasionally takes the 9 of an exaggerated lust for power.An individual may seek to play god and 10 control over objects and people.The goal may introduce an 11 tendency into our lives, in which we play games of “dog eat dog”.But such expressions of the desire for superiority do not 12 its more positive, constructive nature.13 Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for 14 that human beings share with other species in the process of evolution.From this 15.life is not 16 by the need to reduce tension or restore 17.as sigmund Freud tended to think;18 , life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from inferior to superior.The particular ways in which individuals 19 their quest（追求）for superiority are 20 by their culture, their unique history.and their style of life.1.[A] instinctively [B] initially [C] presumably [D] invariably 2.[A] designed [B] devised [C] manipulated [D] developed 3.[A] refer to [B] point to [C] comply with [D] stand up for 4.[A] surpass [B] overpass [C] overthrow [D] pursue 5.[A] or [B] never [C] hardly [D] nor 6.[A] retain [B] sustain [C] maintain [D] obtain 7.[A] Rather [B] Despite [C] Though [D] Thus

8.[A] which [B] that [C] whichever [D] whatever 9.[A] form [B] format [C] formation [D] shape 10.[A] operate [B] speculate [C] exercise [D] resume 11.[A] ambiguous [B] intricate [C] deliberate [D] hostile 12.[A] reflect [B] abide [C] glorify [D] project 13.[A] According to [B] In terms of [C] Regardless of [D] In view of 14.[A] survivor [B] survival [C] durability [D] consistency 15.[A] respective [B] prospect [C] profile [D] perspective 16.[A] motivated [B] animated [C] inspired [D] elevated 17.[A] equation [B] equivalent [C] equilibrium [D] equality 18.[A] subsequently [B] instead [C] consequently [D] otherwise 19.[A] undermine [B] overtake [C] fling [D] undertake 20.[A] determined [B] resolved [C] consolidated [D] reinforced

BDAAD CADAC DAABD ACBDA

（五）Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag（噴氣飛行時差反應)．Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 1 making mistakes.It is actually caused by 2 of your “body clock” — a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 3.The body clock is designed for a 4 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 5 daylight and darkness at the “wrong” times in a new time zone.The 6 of jetlag often persist for days 7 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new anti-jetlag system is 8 that is based on proven 9 pioneering scientific research.Dr.Martin Moore-Ede has 10 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 11 controlled exposure to bright light.The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 12 of the discomfort of jetlag.A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 13 or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse.The proper schedule 14 light exposure depends a great deal on 15 travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individual' s sleep 16 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 17 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.When the Trip Guide calls 18 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible.If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 19 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 20 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.1.[A] from [B] of [C] for [D] to 2.[A] eruption [B] disruption [C] rupture [D] corruption 3.[A] actions [B] functions [C] behavior [D] reflection 4.[A] formal [B] continual [C] regular [D] circular 5.[A] experiences [B] possesses [C] encounters [D] retains 6.[A] signs [B] defects [C] diseases [D] symptoms 7.[A] if [B] whereas [C] while [D] although 8.[A] agreeable [B] available [C] adaptable [D] approachable 9.[A] extensive [B] tentative [C] broad [D] inclusive

10.[A] devised [B] scrutinized [C] visualized [D] recognized 11.[A] in [B] as [C] at [D] through 12.[A] more [B] little [C] most [D] least 13.[A] shed [B] retrieve [C] seek [D] attain 14.[A] in [B] for [C] on [D] with 15.[A] specific [B] complicated [C] unique [D] peculiar 16.[A] mode [B] norm [C] style [D] pattern 17.[A] directories [B] commentaries [C] instructions [D] specifications 18.[A] up [B] off [C] on [D] for 19.[A] or [B] and [C] but [D] while 20.[A] spur [B] stimulus [C] agitation [D] acceleration

DBBCA DCBAA DCCBA DCDAB

（六）Our ape-men forefathers had 1 obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the open.They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats.They could not 2 with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws 3 an impressive “small-fire” weaponry.They could not even defend themselves 4 running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals.If the apemen had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been 5 to failure and extinction.But they were 6 with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors.In the search 7 the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had 8 efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess.The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far 9 the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland.Good long-distance sight was 10 another matter.Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the 11 the range of sight-so 12 they had had to do was climb a tree.Out in the open, how ever, this simple solution was not 13

Climbing a hill would have helped, 14 in many places the ground was flat.The ape-men 15 the only possible solution.They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk 16.This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages.It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower 17.18 they persevered and their bone structure gradually became 19 to the new, unstable position that 20 them the name Homo erectus, upright man.1.[A] no [B] some [C] few [D] many 2.[A] match [B] compare [C] rival [D] equal 3.[A] became [B] equipped [C] posed [D] provided 4.[A] in [B] upon [C] by [D] with 5.[A] driven [B] doomed [C] forced [D] led 6.[A] bestowed [B] given [C] presented [D] endowed 7.[A] for [B] of [C] on [D] at 8.[A] progressed [B] generated [C] developed [D] advanced

9.[A] from [B] apart [C] beyond [D] above 10.[A] rather [B] quite [C] much [D] really 11.[A] greater [B] smaller [C] farther [D] nearer 12.[A] anything [B] that [C] everything [D] all 13.[A] available [B] enough [C] sufficient [D] convenient 14.[A] when [B] but [C] so [D] and 15.[A] chose [B] adopted [C] accepted [D] took 16.[A] fast [B] upright [C] steadily [D] awkwardly 17.[A] as well [B] further [C] still [D] even 18.[A] However [B] Therefore [C] Meanwhile [D] Subsequently 19.[A] accustomed [B] familiarized [C] adapted [D] suited 20.[A] obtained [B] called [C] deserved [D] earned CABCB DACCB ADABB BCACD

（七）Television is the most effective brainwashing 1 ever invented by man.Advertisers know this to be 2.Children are 3 by television in ways we 4 understand.In the fall of 1971,1 was 5 a story involving a young white woman living on the 6 of Boston's black ghetto.Her car had 7 out of gas.She had gone to a filling station with a can and was returning to her car when she was 8 in an alley by a gang of black youths.The gang poured gasoline over her and set fire 9 her.She died of her burns.It was 10 established that some of the youths 11 had, on the night before the killing, 12 on television a rerun of an old movie in which a drifter is set on fire by an adolescent gang;There is some kind of strange reductive process 13 work here.To see something on television robs it of its reality, and then when the 14 thing is 15 out it is like the reenactment of something unreal.16 when the gang set fire to the girl, they were 17 what they had seen on a screen, 18 they themselves were on a screen, and in a story.I don' t think we have 19 begun to realize how powerful a medium television is.It has already become very clear that the candidate with the most television 20 win the election.1.[A] equipment [B] machine [C] medium [D] method 2.[A] true [B] real [C] actual [D] genuine 3.[A] influenced [B] affected [C] controlled [D] manipulated 4.[A] scarcely [B] nearly [C] completely [D] generally 5.[A] arranged [B] appointed [C] assigned [D] attributed 6.[A] outskirts [B] fringes [C] border [D] range 7.[A] used [B] consumed [C] run [D] spent 8.[A] trapped [B] caught [C] held [D] tucked 9.[A] on [B] at [C] over [D] to 10.[A] then [B] after [C] lately [D] later 11.[A] associated [B] related [C] involved [D] participated 12.[A] watch [B] watched [C] watching [D] were watching 13.[A] at [B] on [C] in [D] under 14.[A] exact [B] extraordinary [C] normal [D] same

15.[A] performed [B] played [C] practiced [D] acted 16.[A] However [B] In contrast [C] In other words [D] Even to 17.[A] imitating [B] following [C] resembling [D] reacting 18.[A] as if [B] like [C] as [D] for 19.[A] still [B] nearly [C] almost [D] even 20.[A] influence [B] capacity [C] appeal [D] contribution

CAAAC ACAAD CBADB CAADC

第二篇：考博英語完形填空完全攻略

考博英語選詞填空應試技巧

一、了解題型

選詞填空又稱15選10，在仔細閱讀部分，是新增題型。試題文章長約200到250個單詞，10個空格，備選詞匯共15個，每個空格只準選用一個單詞，每個詞不能重復使用。備選詞匯是名詞，動詞，形容詞和副詞，虛詞不在考核范圍內。

二、應試方法及步驟

中華考試網

1、按照詞綴準確判斷15個單詞的詞性,將同一詞性的備選單詞歸為一組，如果遇到動詞還可以按照時態進行第二次分類,盡量將15個單詞的類別分得越細越好。

2、只讀試題所在的原句，通過前后詞判斷空內應填入詞性和語法屬性，通過上下句判斷時態，回到相對應的詞性組選擇單詞，如果遇到動詞則需注意時態。

3、本試題并不側重考察同義詞辨析和固定搭配，否則就是完型填空，因此，只要能判斷試題所在的句子所需要的詞性和語法屬性就不難找到正確答案。

4、未必要按順序作題，因為本來就無須了解文章的意思，只讀句子，遇到哪個簡單就先做哪個，難的放到后面做，因為備選范圍在不斷縮小。

5、正確答案應滿足語法和詞性要求，句意通順。設題原則: ? 設題原則是首句不設空，而且通常情況下此句是總體句，弄清此句有利于理解全文。一句話中不設兩空，設空比較均勻，基本覆蓋全文。

選項特點: ? 10個空格考察的全部是實詞，? 詞性分配的基本比例: ? 3個名詞正確答案+1個名詞干擾答案 ? 3個動詞正確答案+1個動詞干擾答案 ? 3個形容詞正確答案+2個形容詞干擾答案 ? 1個副詞正確答案+1個副詞干擾答案。? 選項中動詞時態與文章時態一致。

通讀要居高臨下，花5秒鐘把短文各個自然段的段首掃一遍。這樣就能一眼就能看出短文的主要內容，心里有了底，再讀文章就輕松多了。

? 第二步：整理選項(1分鐘)? 目前四級考試只考實詞中的四種：名詞n，動詞v，形容詞 adj，副詞adv ? a.不認識的單詞看詞綴（見后面附表）

? b.認識的單詞要注意詞性的單一性和多樣性 ? 比如：must，most均可做名詞do the most you can

動詞歸類要細分為v，v+ed, v+ing。

因為一個空可以填動詞，但填原形還是過去式還是ing形式要自己根據語法判斷。甚至動詞分詞形式還可以做定語

? 2）一個單詞有多個詞性時，要在不同分類中都標出。

? 3）如果選項中出現一組近義詞或反義詞時，往往有一個是干擾選項，它注重考察的是詞匯的精確理解，要求考生分析清楚其細微的區別。

? 4）如何判斷原文空缺處所需單詞的詞性：

? ① 動詞：

? a）前后都是名詞短語，中間一般為動詞（時態看前后文）。

? b)一個句子有且只有一個謂語動詞

? c）一個完整的句子之后再跟逗號，后面一般是非謂語動詞短語。

? ② 名詞：

? a.名詞主要做主語、賓語。

? b.形容詞或名詞都可以修飾名詞

? 例：The hot, humid(潮濕的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容詞，也可能是名詞修飾thunderstorms）

? c.限定詞（the, this, that, a, my之類）后必有名詞

? d.謂語動詞前必有名詞或名詞性質的主語

? e.介詞后面必有名詞

? ③.副詞修飾形容詞或動詞

常見后綴：

-sion，-tion，如：starvation，attraction，profession

-ity，如：quality，diversity 常見動詞后綴：

-ate，如：estimate，generate-en，如：widen，worsen 常見形容詞后綴：

-able，如：stable，affordable

-tive，-sive，如：destructive，excessive，sensitive-ous，如：unconscious，enormous 常見副詞后綴：

-ly，如：deliberately，completely，remarkably，針對選詞填空的解題方法分為三步

1.預覽選項，了解詞義并把選項分為四大類詞性：名詞n，動詞v，形容詞a，副詞ad，在每個選項后作詞性的簡要標記；

2.精讀全文開頭，把握文章主題，并以三個空或一個段落為一個單位，利用前后文判斷每空的詞性；

3.把對應詞性的選項逐一帶回原文，含義通順，時態、主謂搭配一致的為正確選項。

四級考試的常用后綴在判斷選項詞性時可以有一定幫助作用。在根據前后文判斷每空的詞性時，一些經常考察的形式如下：

名詞：通常來說，冠詞(如a，an，the)、形容詞、介詞后面搭配名詞，即“a/an/the/adj./prep.+ n。”，動詞：動詞的考點很多，我們來看其中三種：

1.主語后缺謂語動詞。

2.當出現“一個完整的句子 +，____ + 名詞/介詞”的結構時，逗號后邊的部分是伴隨狀語，表示伴隨狀態或者表示原因，應當填動詞加ing形式或動詞加ed形式。當這個動詞與句子主語是主動關系，填動詞加ing形式，當兩者是被動關系，填動詞加ed形式。

3.橫線處如果填謂語動詞，往往與上下半句的謂語動詞時態一致。

形容詞：當出現“a/the/the most/more +___+名詞”的結構時，橫線處通常填形容詞。

副詞： 1.當一句話完整的時候，句尾的空往往是副詞。

2.當一句話出現“主語 + ___ + 謂語”的情況時，橫線處通常填副詞。

同學們要注意記背選詞填空選項的重點范圍：

1.歷年曾經考過的復合式聽寫的單詞

2.歷年曾經考過的完形填空的選項，仔細閱讀態度題的選項

3.歷年曾經考過的真題中的高頻詞匯

第三篇：考博英語模擬試2018

考博英語模擬試題：考博英語閱讀訓練（1）

Overseas students shun UK and US universities

The market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms their position is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in 2003.The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentages did not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year.Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students.The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increase since 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001.The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻譯

英美大學留學生人數驟跌

據昨天公布的一項國際教育體系比較研究稱，英美大學的留學生市場份額急劇下降，而澳大利亞、日本和新西蘭日益成為受歡迎的留學目的地。

最新版《各國教育概觀》（Education at A Glance）顯示，盡管由于英美兩國以英語教學，且教育質量明顯較高，外國學生繼續被這兩個國家所吸引，但相對而言，兩國的地位在下降。該報告是經合組織（OECD）公布的教育審計報告。

總部位于巴黎的經合組織報告說，美國的市場份額2002至2003年下降了2%，而英國在經合組織成員國中降幅最大，已從1998年16.2%的份額降至2003年的13.5%.該報告采用數據的最近是2003年，因此該數據并沒有將今年的情況包括在內，今年留學英國的中國學生人數減少了21.3%.英國正日益依賴歐盟以外學生支付的更高學費，使英國大學能夠繼續招收國內學生。

2003年海外留學生總人數為210萬，自1998年以來每年平均增長8.3%.根據這篇報告，自2001年9月11日的事件以來，美國大學校園里國際學生的構成發生了驚人變化。來自海灣地區各國、北非以及某些東南亞國家的學生人數減少了10%至37%.報告還得出結論，盡管富國大學的畢業生人數仍在持續（或許不均勻地）增長，學位的經濟價值絲毫沒有貶值的跡象。

經合組織教育指標和分析部負責人安德里亞。施萊歇爾（Andreas Schleicher）說，沒有證據顯示，學位資格在勞動力市場上的價值正發生“膨脹”，畢業生收入可以期望比那些沒有學位的人高出許多。

在評估全球學校的表現時，施萊歇爾先生說，亞洲正在“急劇上升”，歐洲保持原有水準，而南美洲則相對有所滑坡。

二、重點詞匯

destinationn.目的地，[計]目的文件，目的單元格

perceive vt.察覺

reliant adj.信賴的，依靠的，信賴自己的

domestic adj.家庭的，國內的，與人共處的，馴服的 complexion n.面色，膚色，情況，局面

despite prep.不管，盡管，不論

tarnish v.失去光澤

indicator n.指示器，[化]指示劑

inflation n.脹大，夸張，通貨膨脹，（物價）暴漲

soaring adj.高飛的，翱翔的

考博英語模擬試題：考博英語閱讀訓練（2）

UN report warns poverty goals likely to be missed

The infant death rate for African Americans in Washington DC is higher than that in the cities of the Indian state of Kerala，the United Nations has warned as part of a damning review of poverty and inequality around the world.Published ahead of next week''s summit in New York to review progress in meeting goals to halve extreme poverty by 2015，the UN''s human development report says： US health indicators are far below those that might be expected on the basis of national wealth.The report，published by the United Nations Development Programme（UNDP），says the outcome is due partly to persistent and extreme disparities between people from different social and ethnic groups，as shown by recent images of poor black people stranded in New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina.The findings reflect a new focus by the UN upon differences within countries as well as between countries，as policymakers try to think of new ways to achieve the millennium development goals（MDGs），agreed in 2000.India and China，which have both enjoyed sustained economic growth，face worrying challenges.There are worrying indications that social progress is starting to lag behind economic performance，with the slowdown in the rate of reduction in child deaths a special concern.The UN notes that China spends 5 per cent of its GDP on health，but public spending now amounts to less than 2 per cent of GDP.The erosion of public funding，it says，has resulted in a mismatch between need and provision，with per capita spending in urban areas 3.5 times that in rural areas.Between 70 and 80 per cent of the rural population have no health insurance.Children living in the poorest parts of rural China face far greater health risks，and the gap is widening.The mortality rate for under-five-year-olds ranges from 8 per 1，000 in Beijing（comparable to the US），to 60 in the poorest parts of Gui zhou（comparable to Namibia）。

一、參考譯文

聯合國警告說，美國首都華盛頓特區非裔美國人的嬰兒死亡率高于印度喀拉拉邦各城市。該警告是聯合國評估世界各地貧窮和不平等現象報告的一部分，聯合國對這些現象表示強烈不滿。

這份報告指出：“美國的健康指標遠遠低于根據國家富裕程度所預期的水平。”此前聯合國曾制定目標，希望到2015年將極端貧困人口減半。下周聯合國將在紐約召開峰會，回顧實現這一目標的進展。在峰會前，聯合國發表了這份人類發展報告。考試大

聯合國開發計劃署（UNDP）發布的這份報告表示，這種結果部分是由于不同的社會群體和族裔群體之間存在著“持久的”和“極端的”不平等。最近美國新奧爾良的貧窮黑人因颶風卡特里娜受困的景象就表明了這一點。

該報告的結論反映了聯合國在貧困問題上的新的關注焦點：不僅關注國家之間的不平等，而且也關注國家內部的不平等。目前，各國的政策制定者試圖想出新方法，以實現2000年達成的千年發展目標（MDGs）。

印度和中國經濟持續增長，但也面臨令人擔憂的挑戰。聯合國的這份報告說：“有令人擔心的跡象表明，社會發展正開始落后于經濟表現，兒童死亡率下降速度放緩尤為令人擔心。”

聯合國指出，中國花費國內生產總值的5%用于健康醫療，但公共支出目前占國內生產總值的比例不足2%.報告稱，公共資金被侵蝕，已導致“需求和供給之間的錯配”，城市人均支出是農村地區的3.5倍。

70%和80%之間的農村人口沒有醫療保險。居住在中國農村最貧困地區的兒童面臨更大的健康風險，并且城鄉差距在擴大。舉例來說，在北京，五歲以下兒童的死亡率為千分之八（與美國相當），但在貴州最貧困的地區，五歲以下兒童的死亡率為千分之六十（與納米比亞相當）。

二、重點詞匯

Infant n.嬰兒，幼兒

Inequality n.不平等，不同，不等式，不平均，（表面）不平坦（用復數）

Indicatory adj.指示的，表示的 outcome n.結果，成果

persistent adj.持久穩固的

extreme adj.盡頭的，極端的，極度的，偏激的，最后的 n.極端，極端的事物

ethnic adj.人種的，種族的，異教徒的 millennium n.太平盛世，一千年

concern vt.涉及，關系到

erosion n.腐蝕，侵蝕

provision n.供應，（一批）供應品，預備，防備，規定

insurance n.保險，保險單，保險業，保險費

mortality n.死亡率

考博英語模擬試題：考博英語閱讀訓練（3）

Ringtones no longer ringing the tills

The days of making easy money from ringtones short clips of music for mobile phones are over.What has been a hugely profitable business is coming under pressure from a narrowing of the craze to a smaller group of mostly younger people，a shift in the nature of ringtones themselves，and growing competition among distributors.In the UK and other European countries，where the fad first took hold，many of the people who once paid￡2（$3.5）or more for a 10-second clip have given up buying ringtones，said Chris Jones，an analyst at Canalys，a technology industry consultancy： People were doing it because it was a new thing to do.That has worn off with a big part of the market.In the US，where the business is at a much earlier stage，the craze appears to have stalled even before it has reached a mass market.Only about one in 10 mobile subscribers is buying ringtones.That is the same proportion as a year ago，according to InfoSpace，a US ringtone company that claims 47 percent of the US market，though it adds that reliable statistics about the market are difficult to come by.examda

At the same time，the new band of distributors that sprang up to sell ringtones is finding the fat profits much harder to come by.Users are starting to switch away from the familiar polyphonic renditions of famous tunes to short clips of the original music known in the industry as truetones or realtones.Most of the profits from these go straight to the record labels，not the middlemen who made a killing from earlier，cruder versions.一、參考譯文

靠一小段手機音樂鈴聲輕松賺錢的日子已經過去了。

這一迄今利潤豐厚的業務正面臨壓力，原因包括：對鈴聲狂熱的群體在縮小，目前多數是年紀比較小的人；鈴聲的性質發生了變化；以及經銷商之間的競爭日益加劇。

高科技行業咨詢公司Canalys分析師克里斯。瓊斯（Chris Jones）說，英國和其它歐洲國家是手機鈴聲熱潮的發源地，這里的許多年輕人此前曾為了一段10秒鐘的鈴聲花上2英鎊（合3.5美元）或更多錢，現在他們不再購買鈴聲。“人們當時這么做，是因為它是個新鮮事物。現在人們對此興趣逐漸淡薄，很大一塊市場隨之消失。”在美國，手機鈴聲業務還處在相當初級的階段，鈴聲熱潮甚至在席卷大眾市場前就已停滯不前。僅有十分之一的手

機用戶在購買音樂鈴聲。美國手機鈴聲公司InfoSpace稱，這一比例與一年前相同，盡管它補充指出，難以取得關于這一市場的可靠數據。InfoSpace據稱占據美國47%的鈴聲市場。考試大

同時，出現一批新的鈴聲經銷商，它們正逐漸發現，現在要實現高額利潤比以前難多了。用戶從熟悉的著名曲子的“和弦”演奏轉向原版的音樂短片斷，后者在業內稱為“真實鈴聲”（truetone）或“原音鈴聲”（realtone）。

來自這些鈴聲的大部分利潤直接進了唱片公司的口袋，而不是中間商。此前這些中間商依靠比較粗糙的鈴聲賺了一大筆錢。

二、重點詞匯

clip n.夾子，回形針，子彈夾

vt.夾住，剪短，修剪

profitable adj.有利可圖的 distributor n.發行人

analyst n.分析家，分解者

consultancy n.顧問（工作）

subscriber n.訂戶，簽署者，捐獻者

proportion n.比例，均衡，面積，部分

vt.使成比例，使均衡，分攤

polyphonic adj.有許多聲音的，對位法的，復調的 rendition n.表演，演唱，翻譯 考博英語模擬試題：考博英語閱讀訓練（4）

China reins in economic expansion

China's growth in fixed-asset investment and its money supply slowed considerably in August，providing firm evidence that the government's tightening measures were reining in the country's rapid economic expansion.examda

Urban fixed-asset investment in August rose 21.5 per cent compared with a year ago，a marked slowdown from the 30.5 per cent expansion from January through July and the slowest for a single month since December 2004.M2，the broad indicator for money supply，rose 17.9 per cent last month compared with 18.4 per cent in July and June.China's economy has been growing at a record pace，expanding by 11.3 per cent in the second quarter.Beijing officials and many economists are concerned that such growth rates are not sustainable in the longer term.The latest economic data，which were released by Qiu Xiaohua，commissioner of China's National Bureau of Statistics，suggest Beijing has been able to control excessive lending and investment to sectors such as real estate that are especially at risk of overheating.Beijing is using a combination of monetary and administrative controls in its attempts to moderate growth.Since late April，China's central bank has twice raised benchmark lending rates and bank reserve requirements.Yesterday it also mopped up a record Rmb225bn（$28.3bn）in its regular open market operations.examda

Su Ning，the deputy central bank governor，said this week at an international conference in Beijing that the country's money supply was slowing dramatically as a result of these measures.At the same time，China's leaders are trying to control unnecessary production-for instance by limiting land rights and enforcing environmental standards in key industries such as steel，cement and automobiles.Beijing is also worried about overlending to urban property projects，including residences，offices and industrial parks，and the threat it could lead to artificially high prices and excess supply.While trying to temper credit and investment growth，Beijing is also attempting to stimulate consumer spending，since it believes a strong middle class will be a key driver of future growth.China's statistics body said August retail sales were up 13.8 per cent，a rate consistent with that of the previous two months.Demand for oil products，jewellery，automobiles and building has been particularly strong.一、參考譯文：

8月份中國固定資產投資及貨幣供應量增長速度明顯放緩，這有力地證明，政府的緊縮舉措，正在抑制中國經濟的迅速擴張。

8月份，中國城市固定資產投資較上年同期增長21.5%，與1至7月份期間30.5%的擴張速度相比，有明顯放緩；同時也是自2004年12月以來，單月增幅最低的一個月。廣義貨幣供應量M2上月增長17.9%，而7月份和6月份的增幅均為18.4%.中國經濟一直在以創紀錄的速度增長，第二季度的增幅為11.3%.中國政府官員和許多經濟學家擔心，長遠而言，這樣的增長速度難以維持。

中國國家統計局（National Bureau of Statistics）局長邱曉華發布的最新經濟數據顯示，中國政府能夠控制對房地產等行業的過渡放貸和投資，這些行業尤其存在過熱風險。

中國政府正通過貨幣和行政調控手段相結合的方式，努力緩和經濟增長。自4月底以來，中國央行已兩度上調基準貸款利率和銀行存款準備金比率。昨日，央行還在其例行的公開市場操作中，創紀錄地完成2250億元人民幣（合283億美元）的資金回籠工作。

本周，中國央行副行長蘇寧在北京舉行的一個國際會議上表示，由于上述措施，中國的貨幣供應“明顯”放緩。

與此同時，中國領導人正試圖控制非必要的生產——例如，在鋼鐵、水泥和汽車等關鍵行業，限制土地使用權并強制執行各種環保標準。

中國政府還對城市地產項目（包括住宅、寫字樓和工業園區）上的過度放貸，以及可能由此導致的人為高價和供應過度感到擔憂。考試大

在努力遏制信貸和投資增長的同時，中國政府還試圖刺激消費支出，因為它認為，一個強大的中產階層，將成為未來經濟增長的關鍵驅動力。

中國國家統計局表示，8月份，社會消費品零售總額較上年同期增長13.8%，這一幅度與前兩個月持平。石油產品、珠寶、汽車和建筑方面的需求一直特別強勁。

二、重點詞匯：

investment n.投資，可獲利的東西

evidence n.明顯，顯著，明白，跡象，根據，[物]證據，證物

indicator n.指示器，[化]指示劑

sustainable adj.可以忍受的，足可支撐的，養得起的 excessive adj.過多的，過分的，額外

benchmark[計]基準

deputy n.代理人，代表

dramatically adv.戲劇地，引人注目地

artificially adv.人工（考試大）

credit n.信任，信用，聲望，榮譽，[財務]貸方，銀行存款

vt.相信，信任，把??歸給

previous adj.在前的，早先的

adv.（1）在??以前；（2）返回上一級菜單

第四篇：學位英語完形填空全真模擬試題

2009年學位英語完形填空全真模擬試題24（1）)From http://wentong96.blog.163.com/ Stacy had recently moved from New York City to Stoneybrook, Connecticut.It was ___1____for her to make new friends but she finally had three when she joined the Babysitters Club to ___2____little children whose parents were busy.Claudia, Kristy, and Mary were in her class at school and also the other 3 of the club.The girls met at five o’clock on Fridays and waited for the 4 to ring.So far they had been busy, in spite of the 5 that they couldn’t stay out late and were under 13.___6___, the girls’ world was invaded(侵犯)by a second group 7 themselves the Babysitters Agency.They were 8 and the group also included a few boys.The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to 9 with the older group.They could clean and work for less money, however, they 10 it would be difficult to compete.The shock was even greater than they had 11 _when most of their best customers started to call the new group.They 12 to get only a few jobs.To try a new 13 Kristy recruited(招收)a few older kids who told the club they didn’t want to 14 their money with the other group.The club 15 only too quickly that these older girls joined only as spies and didn’t 16 for their job assignments(分派).Thus, more parents were 17 with the club.Finally, the girls realized that the 18 in the other group were not good babysitters.They watched television, talked on the phone, and invited boyfriends to the house 19 they were sitting.When the children of the families started to 20 , and a near accident almost occurred, the club went to the parents to tell them what was happening.1.A.active B.thoughtful C.easy D.hard 2.A.take care of B.run into C.go through

D.take advantage of 3.A.children B.members C.circles D.players 4.A.alarm B.traffic C.phone D.neighbor 5.A.fact B.degree C.question D.demand 6.A.Therefore B.Suddenly C.Regularly

D.Unwillingly 7.A.attracting B.finding

C.calling D.matching 8.A.younger B.cleverer C.taller D.older 9.A.compete B.fight C.do D.meet 10.A.heard B.knew C.promised D.shot 11.A.damaged B.caught C.expected D.forced 12.A.hoped B.liked C.refused D.seemed 13.A.chance B.possibility C.power D.policy 14.A.share B.give C.provide D.mark 15.A.put down B.paid off C.found out D.come through 16.A.check up B.end up C.look up D.show up 17.A.satisfied B.unhappy C.curious D.helpful 18.A.kids B.adults C.systems D.situations 19.A.that B.when C.where D.how 20.A.blow B.complain C.appreciate D.spread 1.D。剛剛搬到一個新的地方，人生地不熟，同時從but she finally had three可知“雖然難但最終交了三位朋友”。

2.A。從后文來看the Babysitters Club是幫助人照看孩子的。3.B。在這個團體中，除了她們三個還有其他成員。4.C。幫他人照看孩子，從星期五下午五點鐘就等著電話預約。5.A。他們不到13歲，比較小，不能在外面太晚，這是一種事實。6.B。另外一個照看孩子的組織侵犯了女孩們的世界是突然間的事情。7.C。他們自稱為the Babysitters Agency.8.D。由句子The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to ___9_____with the older group.可知，這個組織年齡比她們大。

9.A。都是為照看孩子，所以產生了競爭。

10.B。it would be difficult to compete是女孩們已經料到的事情。11.C。雖然料到了情況不樂觀，但是事態的發展比預料的還要壞。

12.D。由句子most of their best customers started to call the new group.可知“他們好像的工作不多”。

13.D。為挽救這種局面，女孩們還是嘗試新的方法。

14.A。這些大點的孩子是白干活不要錢。share“與??分享”。

15.C。很快女孩們就發現了這個問題，這些大點的孩子是來當間諜的。16.D。他們對于分配的任務不去完成。

17.B。不認真履行應完成的任務，結果是父母不滿意。18.A。通讀全文，可知照看孩子的都是一些小孩。19.C。where引到定語從句，在句子中充當地點狀語。20.B。服務質量存在問題，當然會引來“抱怨”。

（2）

From the earlier time it was well ___1___to the Peruvians that when a cut ___2____made in the thick skin of a ___3____tree, a white liquid like milk came ___4___.From this fluid(流動的)a sticky ___5_____of rubber might be made.This rubber is ___6____and wax-like when warm so that it is ___7_____to give any form.The Peruvians ___8____the discovery that it is very good for ___9____out water.Then in the early ___10____of the century they made overshoes to ___11___their feet dry.Then a certain Mr Mackintosh ___12_____coats of cloth which were ___13____with rubber.Today Mackintosh raincoats are still ___14_____after him.But these first rubber shoes ___15______raincoats were unpleasantly soft and sticky in ___16___.They were also stiff and very ___17____in winter.They were like wax(蠟)although they ___18____a bit stronger.But the rubber ___19___use today has been improved.It is ___20____sticky but soft and elastic(彈性的)and strong enough for any season.1.A.talked B.heard C.seen D.known 2.A.has B.was C.may D.will 3.A.rubber B.apple C.orange D.oak 4.A.from B.through C.out D.up 5.A.raincoat B.shoes C.border D.mass 6.A.hard B.fast C.stubborn D.soft 7.A.important B.impossible C.possible D.uncertain 8.A.made B.found C.wrote D.neglected 9.A.finding B.keeping C.making D.pouring 10.A.kind B.part C.sort D.halves 11.A.clean B.clear C.keep D.prevent 12.A.made B.found C.appeared D.gave 13.A.full B.like C.lined D.applied 14.A.looked B.named C.made D.searched 15.A.or B.and C.with D.but 16.A.today B.summer C.winter D.rain 17.A.soft B.sticky C.elastic D.cold 18.A.felt B.made C.needed D.produced 19.A.Mr Mackintosh B.the Peruvians C.we D.is 20.A.also B.always C.neither D.not 1.D。be well known 是固定短語，表示“對?了解、熟悉”。

2.B。因為“切口(cut)”可知應該是被人去做，所以是 was made。3.A。根據下文兩次出現的 rubber 可得出答案。

4.C。從上文可以得知“像牛奶一樣的白色液體從橡膠樹上流出來”。5.D。從上下文可以得知“從樹上流下來的液體，慢慢會變稠”，所以“粘團”就形成了，但它不能直接形成雨衣或鞋。6.D。根據常識橡膠是“軟的”。

7.C。根據前面的warm 得出答案，當變暖或加熱時“能”做出任何形狀。8.A。因為“發現”是名詞，不能選found，make a discovery是固定短語。9.B。根據常識，橡膠可以“防”水，其余選項不符句意。10.B。表示本世紀的“早期、前期”，不能選 halves，如果用 half不能用復數。11.C。根據前面的“鞋墊”和后面的“干燥”得出答案是“保持干燥”。12.A。根據后面的 coat 判斷答案是“被做”。

13.C。指這種布料(cloth)是用橡膠“排制”而成的。

14.B。根據前面的雨衣判斷可知仍然還是以他的名字“命名的”，其余選項不符句意。15.B。根據句意，這是兩個物質名詞 shoes 和 raincoat 是并列的，但不能選or(或者)。16.B。夏天天氣炎熱，雨衣變軟，故 summer 符合語境。

17.D。根據常識，橡膠在夏天溫度高時變軟，相反在冬天“冷”時變硬。18.A。根據前面的“像蠟”和后面的 stronger 得出答案是“摸起來”，表示感覺。19.C。根據句中的時間狀語 today 判斷是 we(我們)使用。

20.D。根據兩個相反的形容詞，得出答案(not?but意為“不是?而是”)

【試題部分】

（一）----說明文

All(1)_______ things must fight to stay alive.They have to feed on something and at the same time avoid being(2)_______.Therefore they have to solve this big problem of staying alive in their own way.The danger of being eaten in the sea is great.Those plants and animals that do survive usually(3)_______ very fast and in great numbers.(4)_______ sea animals have defensive devices which help them to survive.The jelly fish have(5)_______ tentacles(觸角)which are used for attack and defense.Another method of(6)_______ which sea plants and animals use is disguise.They usually have the same(7)_______ as their surroundings.In order to stay alive, animals need to have good senses.Fishes have sharp eyes.Almost all animals are sensitive to(8)_______.Fishes judge movements in the water by(9)_______ of their lines.Fishes and other sea animals can hear well and many of them can(10)_______ different types of warning sound.1.A.living

B.alive

C.lively

D.live 2.A.taken

B.gotten

C.haven

D.eaten 3.A.produce B.reproduce C.run

D.swim 4.A.Any

B.Every

C.Certain

D.Each 5.A.beautiful B.short C.poisonous

D.long 6.A.swimming

B.survival

C.flight

D.growth 7.A.color

B.body C.width

D.length 8.A.run away

B.flee

C.touch

D.move 9.A.way

B.means

C.method

D.approach 10.A.make

B.do

C.build D.produce 【解題導語】 本文是說明文，主要講述了生物在特定的環境中如何學會去保護自己不受侵害。

【新詞鏈接】 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 by means of 用??的方法 make sound / noise 弄出聲音 【試題解析】 1.A 根據四個單詞的區別，“生物”應為living things。2.D 固定搭配：avoid doing sth.意為“避免做某事”。3.B 根據上下文意思，此處指動植物“再生”。4.C 由謂語動詞形式可知，certain指“某些”。5.C 根據下文得知此處指“有毒的”觸角。6.B 指海底動植物生存的另一種方法。7.A 這些動物有與周圍環境相同的顏色，即保護色。8.C 所有動物對觸摸很敏感。9.B 固定搭配，by means of 意為“用??的方法“。10.A 固定搭配，make sound / noise意為“弄出聲音”。

（二）----夾敘夾議

Getting plenty of exercise is very important.I enjoy swimming very much.Last summer I went to the(1)_______ every day.I plan to go there this summer too, but I may not be able to.I have a new(2)_______, sometimes I have to work until(3)_______ at night.Although I now work more hours than I used to, yet I do receive a larger salary.I didn’t receive much pay on my(4)_______ job.I like my new job, but had I know that it would take up so much of my free time, I would not have taken.I prefer(5)_______ to making more money.I have heard that riding a bike is good exercise.Maybe I will be able to(6)_______ enough money to buy a bike.My neighbor, Ms Wilson, has a bicycle that I could(7)_______, but I would rather own my own bike.If I used hers, I would worry about destroying it.Since I make more money now, I think that I can afford to buy my own.Getting a bike is really a good idea, because while I’m riding to and from, I will be getting(8)_______ at the same time.It is easier to get to the seaside on a bike, too.I might be able to go swimming every day after all.This new job is great!I’m very(9)_______.This will be a summer full of(10)_______.1.A.playground

B.shore C.seaside

D.sea 2.A.office

B.job

C.love

D.interest 3.A.far

B.deep

C.late

D.lately 4.A.favorite B.new

C.past

D.old 5.A.swimming

B.riding

C.playing

D.working 6.A.save

B.keep

C.take

D.cost 7.A.ride

B.renew

C.lend

D.borrow 8.A.enjoyment

B.rest

C.exercise

D.money 9.A.moved

B.excited C.interested

D.disappointed 10.A.exercise

B.pleasure C.interest

D.imagination 【解題導語】 本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，主要講述了鍛煉的重要性，作者同時做到了工作和鍛煉兩不誤。【新詞鏈接】 take up 占據（時間、空間）

prefer… to… 喜歡??勝過??；寧愿??而不愿?? would rather do sth.寧愿去做某事 afford to do sth.有能力去做某事 【試題解析】

1.C 根據文章倒數第4句話可知。

2.B 由下文的 I like my new job 可知。3.C 根據上下文，應該是我工作到深夜。4.D 和new 相對比。

5.A 根據上下文可知，作者喜歡游泳。6.A 作者要“節約”錢去買自行車。

7.D 根據句意可知我可以向鄰居Ms Wilson “借”自行車。8.C 在騎自行車中得到“鍛煉”。9.B 由上文可知。10.A 由文章首句：getting plenty of exercise is very important可以知道。

（三）----議論文

Friendship is unconditional and uncritical, based only on mutual respect and the ability to enjoy each other's company.These authority figures never saw the way one of us could do something outrageous, and the rest of us would joke about it for days.We could have fun doing absolutely nothing at all—because the(1)_______ we provided each other with was enough.Rather than discussing operas, Lewinsky, or the weather, we enjoyed just(2)_______ each other without any one of us trying to outsmart the others.Still, I realize that these adults had a(3)_______ to be concerned about the direction my friends were(4)_______;I also was concerned for them, but I wasn't about to(5)_______ them.Many times I would advise my friends that some activity may be(6)_______ or to think things through before doing something, but I would never claim to hold the moral high ground and to condescend to them.When Marvin would begin rolling joints, when Alisa would tell me she skipped school because of a hangover, or when Merriam would tell me that her new boyfriend was in a street gang, I expressed my discomfort with their(7)_______.However, I never(8)_______ them with the threat of taking my friendship away.Contrary to the commercials on television, you can have(9)______ who use drugs.In fact, probably everyone does without(10)______ it.1.A.gift B.present

C.company D.friendship 2.A.hanging around

B.learning from C.communicating with D.joining in 3.A.prejudice B.point C.suggestion

D.situation 4.A.giving

B.coming

C.heading

D.facing 5.A.ignore

B.upset

C.blame

D.leave 6.A.crazy

B.dangerous

C.boring

D.important 7.A.action

B.lessons

C.words

D.thoughts 8.A.force

B.threaten

C.persuade D.cheat 9.A.friends

B.girlfriends C.classmates

D.brothers 10.A.hearing

B.recognizing C.realizing D.knowing 【解題導語】 本文是議論文，主要講述了友誼的相關內容，友誼是無條件的，不帶偏見的，彼此相互尊重，并且喜歡和對方在一起，這就是友誼。【新詞鏈接】 base on 在??的基礎上 provided sb.with sth.給某人提供某物 be concerned about 關心 hang around 閑蕩 【試題解析】 1.C 由首句可知，只要我們在一起(company)就已經足夠了 2.A 由上下文可知，大家只是享受那份閑來蕩去（hang around）的愜意。3.B 由其后作定語的不定式短語可知。4.C 因direction 后是定語從句，所以要填表示“朝著某個方向行進”的heading。5.D 從下文可看出，不管朋友有什么樣的表現，我都不會和他們絕交(leave them)。6.B 由前文的“提醒(advise)”和后文“三思而后行”可知，有些活動是“危險”的。7.A 指上文列舉的“吸大麻”、“逃學”、“交街上小混混做男友”等之類的不良“行為”。8.B 由語境可知，是用絕交來“威脅”他們。9.A 指任何人都有可能有不良行為的“朋友”。10.C 由前句可知本句意為每個人都有這類朋友，只是沒“意識到”而已。

（四）----記敘文

A boy is about to go on his first date, and is nervous about what to talk about.He asks his father for advice.The father(1)_______, “My son, there are three subjects that always(2)_______.These are food, family, and philosophy.” The boy picks up his date and they go to a soda fountain.(3)_______ ice cream sodas in front of them, they(4)_______ at each other for a long time, as the boy's nervousness builds.He remembers his father's advice, and chooses the first(5)_______.He asks the girl: “Do you like spinach?” She says “No,” and the silence returns.After a few(6)_______ uncomfortable minutes, the boy thinks of his father's suggestion and(7)_______ the second item on the list.He asks, “Do you have a brother?” Again, the girl says “No” and there is(8)_______ once again.The boy then(9)_______ his last card.He thinks of his father's(10)_______ and asks the girl the following question: “If you had a brother, would he like spinach?” 1.A.asks B.replies C.tells

D.talks 2.A.do B.help C.work D.affect 3.A.For

B.Besides C.Without D.With 4.A.stare B.glare C.smile D.laugh 5.A.advice

B.question C.word D.topic 6.A.more

B.another

C.other D.most 7.A.turns on B.turns to

C.turns away D.turns over 8.A.smile

B.nervousness C.silence D.anxiety 9.A.uses

B.takes C.asks

D.plays 10.A.lesson B.advice

C.promise D.order 【解題導語】 本文是記敘文，主要講述了一個男孩子機械地使用父親提議的話題，在第一次約會時鬧出的笑話。

【新詞鏈接】 ask sb.for sth.問某人要某物。stare at 凝視，長時間看

plays his last card 打出最后一張牌 【試題解析】 1.B 根據故事開頭提供的情景：He asks his father for advice。2.C 此處的work意為“奏效”。

3.D 介詞復合結構“with+賓語＋賓補”可以表示狀態、條件等。4.A 此題區別不同方式的“看”，stare at 意思是：凝視，長時間看。5.D 聯系上下文，他父親提供了三個話題。6.A 此題考察more的表達方式，意思是“又過了幾分鐘”。7.B 根據句意，turns to是“轉向??”的意思，最貼切。8.C 聯系故事情節的發展，得到否定回答之后接下來是“沒有人講話”了。9.D 短語plays his last card意為“打出最后一張牌”。10.B 與文章開頭的第二句話asks his father for advice相呼應。

（五）----記敘文

There once was a blind man who decided to visit Texas.When he arrived on the plane, he(1)_______ the seats and said, “Wow, these seats are big!” The person next to him answered, “(2)_______ is big in Texas.”

When he finally arrived in Texas, he decided to visit a bar.Upon arriving in the bar, he(3)_______ a beer and got a mug(4)_______ between his hands.He exclaimed, “Wow these mugs are big!” The bartender replied, “Everything is big in Texas.” After a(5)_______of beers, the blind man asked the bartender where the(6)_______ was located.The bartender replied, “Second door to the right.”

The blind man(7)_______ for the bathroom, but accidentally tripped over and skipped the second door.(8)_______, he entered the third door, which(9)_______ to the swimming pool and fell into the pool by accident.(10)_______ to death, the blind man started shouting, “Don't flush, don't flush!” 1.A.saw B.felt

C.took

D.touched 2.A.Everything B.Nothing C.Something D.All 3.A.took

B.bought C.drank

D.ordered 4.A.placed

B.lain

C.stood D.spread 5.A.few B.amount

C.couple

D.pair 6.A.bathroom

B.living room C.waiting room

D.kitchen 7.A.looked

B.headed C.went

D.searched 8.A.As a result

B.In fact C.Instead

D.So 9.A.turns

B.opens C.gets

D.leads 10.A.Starved B.Scared C.Moved

D.Frozen 【解題導語】 本文是記敘文，主要講述了一位盲人乘飛機去Texas進行訪問時的笑話。最后要去廁所時卻掉進了游泳池里，應了Texas人的一句口頭禪：Everything is big in Texas。【新詞鏈接】 a couple of 一雙、一對 look for 尋找

lead to… 通往?? 【試題解析】 1.B felt 是“摸”的意思。2.A 從第二段最后一句話可以得出此答案。3.D 是“點菜、要??食品”的意思。4.A 此處意為“把啤酒杯放在兩只手之間”。Placed是過去分詞做get后的賓語補足語。5.C 只有couple在此表示具體的“量”。A few是“一些”的意思。6.A 啤酒喝多了應該是找“洗手間”了。7.A 短語look for意為“尋找”。8.C 此處instead 意為“代替、相反”。9.D lead to意為“通往”，get to“到達”，open to“朝??敞開”，turn to 意為“轉向”。10.B scared意為“害怕”，過去分詞短語表示狀態，他以為是掉進了“這么大的小便池里”，當然是“處于害怕的狀態中”。

（六）----夾敘夾議

One day while a girl was walking in the woods she found two starving songbirds.She took them home and put them in a small(1)_______.She cared them and felt great love for the birds.One the(2)_______ and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage.Therefore ,(3)_______ he flew close, she grasped him(4)_______.She felt glad, but suddenly she felt the bird go limp.She opened her hand and(5)_______ in horror at the dead bird.She noticed the other bird moving back and forth on the edge of the cage.She could feel his great need for(6)_______.She lifted him from the cage and(7)_______ him softly into the air.The bird circled once, twice, three times.The girl watched delightedly at the bird's enjoyment.Her heart was no longer(8)_______ with her loss.Suddenly the bird flew closer and(9)_______ softly on her shoulder.It sang the sweetest melody that she had ever heard.The fastest way to(10)_______ love is to hold on it too tightly, the best way to keep love is to give it WINGS!1.A.cage B.box

C.tank

D.room 2.A.weaker

B.taller

C.larger

D.shorter 3.A.Because B.As

C.If D.Since 4.A.gently

B.freely

C.elegantly D.wildly 5.A.stared

B.glared C.glanced D.shouted 6.A.freedom B.food

C.love

D.space 7.A.dropped B.pulled C.seized D.tossed 8.A.packed

B.concerned C.marked D.lined 9.A.landed

B.sat

C.slept

D.stood 10.A.gain

B.give

C.lose

D.show

【解題導語】 本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，通過一個愛鳥的小女孩的故事，表達了“若想令愛永恒，要將愛放飛”的主題。【新詞鏈接】 long for 渴望得到某物 on the edge of 在??的邊緣 be concerned with 關注、注意、計較 【試題解析】

1.A 按常識判斷，鳥應當養在“鳥籠”里。

2.C 根據下文中有the smaller bird，所以飛出鳥籠的鳥大一點。3.B as引導一個時間狀語從句。

4.D 因為擔心鳥兒會飛走，所以當鳥兒飛回時，她會緊緊地抓住它。5.A stare at是“盯著看”之意。

6.A 從前面描述的情況看，小鳥最需要的是自由。7.D toss意為“拋向??”。

8.B be concerned with是“關注、注意、計較”之意。她的內心不再計較自己的得失。9.A 鳥兒輕輕地降落在她的肩膀上。

10.C while前后兩句是對比關系，后一句講到keep love，那么前一句應該是“lose love”。

（七）----記敘文

A long time ago, a little boy loved to play around an apple tree.After eating some apples, he took a nap under the(1)_______.He and the tree loved each other.When the boy grew up, he(2)_______ played around the tree.One day, the boy came back to the(3)_______.The tree(4)_______ the boy to play with him.―I am no longer a kid, I don’t play around trees any more.“ The boy replied, ”I want(5)_______.I need money to buy them.“ ”Sorry, but I don’t have money, but you can sell all my apples and have money to buy." The boy was so(6)_______ that he picked all the apples and(7)_______ happily.The boy never came back after he picked the apples.The tree was(8)_______.Later, the boy needed a house for(9)_______, so he turned to the tree.And the tree asked himto cut off all his branches.So the boy did.The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then.The tree was again(10)_______and sad.1.A.sunshine B.screen C.shadow

D.shelf 2.A.no longer B.no more C.no farther

D.no better 3.A.top

B.area

C.tree

D.village 4.A.asked

B.told

C.inspired

D.added 5.A.pleasure B.help

C.toys

D.fruits 6.A.shamed

B.excited C.embarrassed D.trouble 7.A.played

B.sang

C.sold

D.left 8.A.sad

B.happy C.concerned D.forgettable 9.A.shelter

B.sale

C.example

D.preparation 10.A.angry

B.lovely C.friendly

D.lonely 【解題導語】本文講述了孩子與蘋果樹之間的故事。一個孩子小時候總是在蘋果樹旁邊玩耍，但是長大以后他把所有的蘋果摘完賣掉，把樹枝砍掉以后就再也不來理睬這棵樹了。【新詞鏈接】 no longer 不再 no better 不是更好 【試題解析】 1.C 他爬到樹冠吃蘋果，然后在樹影下（shadow）打盹。2.A no longer“不再”，表時間上的不再延長；no more“不再”，表數量上的不再增加；no farther“別再說”；no better“不是更好”。隨著時間的流逝，這個小孩子漸漸長大，不再每天都圍著這 棵樹玩了。3.C 有一天，孩子回到了樹下，顯得有點難過。4.A “過來和我玩玩吧！”蘋果樹邀請他說。5.C 根據下文句意可知。6.B 與倒數第2段第1行照應，他如此激動以致把所有的蘋果都摘走，愉快地離開了。7.D 見上句解析。8.A 與前面第3空后he looked sad對應，他摘走了蘋果，買了玩具，再也沒有回來看望這棵蘋果樹，蘋果樹自然會感到難過（sad）。9.A shelter意為“遮擋，遮蔽物”。為家人蓋一所遮風擋雨的房子。10.D 孩子砍掉所有的樹枝愉快地離開了，蘋果樹在此陷入了孤獨和悲傷之中。

（八）----議論文

Expressing gratitude is an important form of good manners.Nowadays more and more people in China have found it’s high time to cultivate a thankful heart for the good others(1)______.Everyone likes to get praised and appreciated.Gratitude is the greatest of virtues, which lets others smile and makes the world more beautiful.You just need several minutes to write down a thank-you note, but it bring much joy to the(2)______.We live in a society where we enjoy the different services of others.But(3)______ of them should be taken for granted.Gratitude is also a kind of(4)______ in life.In developing gratitude for every moment – for the simple joys and even for the(5)______ times—we come to truly enjoy and appreciate life.Then we are able to see the(6)______ that surrounds us.Try to write a thank-you letter to your parents for working hard to(7)______ you a happy life.Be grateful to your teachers because of their(8)______ with your studies and character building.Say thanks to your friends who(9)______ both your happiness and sorrow.We are sure it will bring them much joy and add(10)______ into your own life as well.1.A.have

B.do

C.share

D.like 2.A.doer

B.receive C.performer D.speaker 3.A.one

B.any one C.none

D.all 4.A.attitude

B.feeling C.emotion D.sense 5.A.managing B.challenging C.changing D.developing 6.A.truth

B.reality C.experience D.magic 7.A.offer

B.produce C.imagine D.try 8.A.study

B.part

C.help

D.co-operation 9.A.knew

B.shared C.realized D.recognized 10.A.reflection B.justice C.taste

D.color 【解題導語】 本文是議論文，闡述了“人要會感激”的道理。【新詞鏈接】 do good to 對??有益處、對??有好處 take… for granted 對??不以為然，輕視、認為??無所謂 【試題解析】 1.B 固定搭配，do good to 意為“對??有益處、對??有好處”。2.B 感謝信能給接受者帶來極大的愉悅。3.C 此處them指上文的“service”。take…for granted “對??不以為然，輕視、認為??無所謂”。此句意為“這種服務不應該被人藐視”。4.A 感恩也是一種人生態度。5.B even暗示前后對比。前面講到“快樂時光”，后面應接“挑戰的時刻（困難時期）”。6.D 這樣我們就可以看到圍繞在我們周圍的魔力。7.A offer 在此意為“提供”。8.C 感謝老師在學業方面和性格磨練方面給我們的幫助。9.B 感謝朋友與我們同甘共苦。

10.D 感謝給我們帶來快樂，也給我們的生活增加光彩。

（九）----夾敘夾議

I am discovering that many people want, above all else, to live life fully.But sometimes the past prohibits our living and enjoying life to the utmost in the present.A school teacher(1)______ his room a few minutes early and(2)______ a mealworm laboriously crawling along the floor.It had somehow been(3)______.The back part of the worm was dead and dried up, but still attached to the(4)______, living part by just a thin thread.As the teacher(5)______ the strange sight of a poor worm(6)______ its dead half across the floor, a little girl ran in and noticed it there.Picking it up, she said, oh, Oscar, when are you going to(7)______ that dead part so you can really live? What a marvelous(8)______ for all of us!When are we going to lose that dead part so we can really live? When are we going to let go of past pain so we can live(9)______? When are we going to drop the baggage of needless guilt so we can(10)______ life? When are we going to let go of that past resentment so we can know peace? Have you been dragging something that is dead and gone around with you? Are you ready to lose that dead part so you can really live? 1.A.entered

B.left

C.rushed D.slipped 2.A.saw B.searched

C.noticed

D.found 3.A.killed

B.injured C.hurt

D.damage 4.A.behind

B.middle

C.head

D.front 5.A.studied

B.researched C.took

D.learned 6.A.pushing B.taking C.pulling

D.bringing 7.A.lose B.miss

C.cut

D.place 8.A.problem B.question

C.doubt

D.puzzle 9.A.happily

B.sadly

C.joyfully

D.fully 10.A.live

B.enjoy

C.experience D.treasure 【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，主要通過分析生活中的一個現象，得出一個人生哲理：生活中我們要善于放棄包袱，輕裝上陣，這樣我們才能生活得精彩、充實。【新詞鏈接】 above all 首先，尤其是，最重要的是 let go of sb./ sth.把某人(某物)放開，松開手 【試題解析】

1.A 老師在提前進入(enter)教室時發現了一條米蟲在吃力地爬行，拖著已經死去的殘軀。2.C 老師此時是不經意地注意到，所以用notice。

3.B 米蟲還在爬，所以不能用dead，只是受傷了，要用injured;而hurt通常指心靈上的傷害。

4.D 蟲的后半個部位已經死了，干了，依附在它身體的前部（front）。5.A 老師在觀察這個現象，這個觀察帶有一定的研究（study）性。6.C 與前文相呼應，這個蟲子拖著（pulling）死去的身體部分在爬行。7.A “要活命就得放棄死去的部分。”因此這個死去的部分就成了累贅，loss這里帶有放棄的意思。miss“錯過”，cut“切下”，place“放置”，均與句子意思不符。

8.B 這個問題恰恰也是值得我們思考的問題，需要回答的問題通常用question表示。9.D 我們把過去的痛苦忘掉，才能生活得精彩、充實（full）。

10.C 只有我們把不必要的負疚的包袱放掉，才能更好地體驗（experience）生活。

（十）----夾敘夾議

In the dinning room of my grandfather’s house stood a heavy grandfather’s clock.Meals in the dinning room were a(1)______ for our four generations to become one.The grandfather’s clock always stood like a trusted old family friend,(2)______ us playing jokes and telling stories, which was already a(3)______ of our life.As a child, the old clock interested me.I watched and listened to it during(4)______.I was surprised how at(5)______ times of the day, the clock would strike three times, six times or more, with a wonderful great(6)______ that echoed throughout the house.The clock chimed year after year, a part of my(7)______, a part of my heart.Even more(8)______ to me was my grandfather’s special action each day.He meticulously(9)______ the clock with a special key each day.The key was magic to me.It(10)______ our family’s magnificent clock ticking and striking all year round.1.A.time

B.possibility C.problem D.pleasure 2.A.seeing

B.hearing C.watching D.looking 3.A.start

B.part

C.signal D.mark 4.A.stories

B.jokes

C.periods D.meals 5.A.busy

B.urgent C.happy D.different 6.A.shock

B.sound C.song

D.music 7.A.memories B.minds C.comfort D.information 8.A.comfortable B.hopeful C.wonderful D.skillful 9.A.opened

B.wound C.turned D.started 10.A.made

B.controlled C.kept

D.fixed 【解題導語】 本文主要講述了餐廳里的鬧鐘在我的記憶中的印象。【新詞鏈接】 a time 一段時光 interest sb.引起某人的興趣 all year round 全年 【試題解析】 1.A 短語a time意為“一段時光”，下文的become one意為“成為一體，聚集一堂”。整句意為：在這個餐廳里，一日三餐是我們一家四代人聚集一堂的時候。2.C 爺爺的腦鐘總是在那里，像一位可以信賴的家庭朋友一直看著（watch）我們開玩笑講故事，這已經是我們生活內容的一部分。3.B 見上句解析。4.D 當我們還是個小孩子的時候，這座老鐘使我感興趣，在吃飯的過程中（during），我注視著這座鐘，聆聽著它的聲音。5.D 根據下文和生活中有關鬧鐘的常識判斷，我感到奇怪的是在一天當中不同的時候這座鐘是如何敲響3下、6下或更多下的。6.B 鬧鐘發出的奇妙宏大的聲音（sound）在滿屋里回蕩。7.A 鬧鐘年復一年地打點報時，留在我的記憶里，也留在我的心里。8.C 根據上下文，使我感到更加驚奇的（wonderful）是爺爺的習慣性動作。9.B 此處wind意為“(給鬧鐘)上發條”。他每天用一個專門的鑰匙小心翼翼地給鬧鐘上發條。

10.C 這個鑰匙是有魔力的，它能保證我們的神奇的鬧鐘一年到頭滴答作響和打點報時。

第五篇：考博試題

中國科學院2007年生態環境研究中心碩士入學考試試題-----土壤學試題

中國科學院2007年生態環境研究中心碩士入學考試試題-----土壤學試題

07年中科院生態環境研究中心土壤學試題（回憶版試題）

一：填空與選擇：（5分1題）

1、旱地土壤淹水后土壤PH值是（升高/降低/不變）

2、國際制、美國制和中國制中對于“礫”的直徑尺寸要求都是大于_________

3、草甸土、水稻土、沼澤土哪個是地帶性土壤：________

4、N、P、K中哪些能被礦物固定：________

5、土壤固相包括哪三個部分：______、________、_________

6、土壤膠體吸附的Na+、Fe3+、H+中哪些是必須元素_______、哪些是有益元素_________

二：名詞解釋（5分1題）

1、土壤肥力（農學家的定義）：

2、地下水臨界深度：

三：計算題（10分1題）

1、從 “孔度＝孔隙體積/土壤體積 ” 推導出 “孔度＝1－（容重/密度）”

2、（記不清了）

四：實踐題（10分1題）

1、試列舉提高土壤有機質含量常用的三種措施，并簡要解釋原理

2、試列舉提高土壤氮肥利用率的三種措施，并簡要解釋原理

3、為什么開墾土壤后土壤有機質會普遍減少？

五：問答題（15分1題）

1、比較團粒結構和非團粒結構土壤肥力特性差異

2、比較旱田和水田的水分運動方式的不同

六 論述題（30分1題）

你認為肥沃的土壤應該具備哪些特性？

TOP 華東師范學考博試題

景觀生態學（2001年）（五選四）

1、什么是綴塊－廊道－基底模式？如何區分這三類景觀結構單元？

2、什么是景觀的結構、功能和動態？它們之間的關系是什么？

3、什么是景觀連接度？它對景觀功能的重要意義是什么？

4、為什么要研究景觀格局？研究景觀格局的主要方法有哪些？

5、景觀生態學與自然保護和土地規劃及設計有何關系？舉例說明如何利用景觀生態原理和方法促進生物多樣性保護和自然資源管理。4樓

yiii 發表于：2006-3-19 10:48:25 景觀生態學（2000年）（五選四）1、3S技術（遙感，全球定位與地理信息系統）技術在景觀生態研究中的作用和意義；

2、試述景觀生態規劃與設計的基本原則和組要方法；

3、比較美國景觀生態學派與西歐景觀生態學派的工作特點；

4、分析景觀生態網絡體系的基本特征及成因

5、請設計一個用于景觀空間結構的指標體系，并說明其研究方法

中山大學1997——2004年人文地理學考博試題[/size]

中山大學1997年人文地理學考博試題

一、名詞解釋

1、人地關系論

2、人口反金字塔模式

3、Mental map

4、theme park

二、簡析20世紀以來人文地理學的理論進展

三、簡析97香港回歸的地理意義

四、簡析cross-culture與經濟全球化的關系

中山大學1998年人文地理學考博試題

一、試析發展迅速的大都市連綿區的人地關系

二、試比較后現代社會和現代社會的鄉村文化景觀

三、試析中東和平危機的地理意義

中山大學1999年人文地理學考博試題

一、名詞解釋

1、Age-sex pyramid

2、cultural landscape

3、economic rent

4、social area

二、20世紀以來英美人文地理學的主要流派

三、試析人地關系地域系統與可持續發展的關系

四、試析南聯盟科索沃問題的政治地理背景

中山大學2000年人文地理學考博試題

一、名詞解釋

通論地理學

地緣政治學

可持續發展觀

洪堡

二、試述20世紀50年代以前和以后人文地理學發展的特點

三、試述區域發展依附理論的演進及其對后工業社會的解釋價值

四、舉例分析旅游業發展在產業結構調整中的作用和地位

五、我國最近提出開發大西北的區域發展戰略其地理依據何在？

中山大學2001年人文地理學考博試題

一、名詞解釋

拉采爾

人地相關論

行為革命

海權論

二、經濟全球化與區域集團化對人地關系的影響

三、請論述人文地理學與你報考方向的相互關系

四、下圖為某國人口年齡結構構成曲線，請論述年齡構成的特征及需要采取的政策。

中山大學2002年人文地理學考博試題

一、名次解釋

1、拉采爾和白蘭士

2、計量地理學和行為地理學

3、文化整合（cultural integration）

4、胡煥墉人口地理分界線

二、從中國“入世”探討我國人地關系變化的新趨勢

三、從人文地理學角度分析你對“

9、11”事件的看法

四、分析我國城鄉差距擴大的原因及對策

中山大學2003年人文地理學考博試題

一、名詞解釋

1、拉采爾

2、白蘭士

3、人本主義方法論

4、文化空間擴散

5、聚集與擴散

二、外來勞工與城市化

三、區域協調發展戰略的地理意義

四、跨國公司對投資地的經濟影響特征

中山大學2004年人文地理學考博試題

一、名詞解釋

1、拉采爾

2、人本主義地理學

3、文化景觀

4、區域經濟集團化

5、管治

6、適度人口

7、信息化

8、環境決定論

二、從地理學角度來談SARS的傳播

三、從政治、經濟、宗教和民族空間關系來談中東問題

四、從三農和三礦的關系來談中國區域經濟發展

名詞解釋（忘了兩個了）

礦物，土壤、地下水總礦化度，大氣對流層，季風，河流、地域分布規律，生物種群

簡答

地球表面基本特征，地貌成因，土壤物質組成，生物多樣性的價值，自然區劃的原則

論述

主要陸地生態系統類型，自然地理的研究對象、分科及其與其它學科的關系

2006年地理所人文地理學考博真題匯總 區域發展：

名詞：國定貧困縣； 社會主義新農村； 經濟地理：

名詞：人口金字塔；生產性服務業 回去再接著回顧，情大家回帖！經濟地理：

中央十一五規劃建議的4個主體功能區（給出名稱）簡述我國過去50年來糧食生產格局的變化及其原因 簡析開發區的利弊。

影響鋼鐵企業布局俄因素有哪些？試分析某一因素對我國鋼鐵工業布局的影響。

都市經濟區的定義/功能，并結合某一都市經濟區，分析其功能，存在的問題、未來的戰略重點/ 還有一道是選澤東部、中部、西部、東北任一區域，分析其空間結構。

遙感所2003 自 然 地 理

一、名詞解釋(30分：10×3分)黃土堆積 季風氣候 隱域性植被 干燥度 自然區劃原則 土地利用 徑流 植被 流域 地下水

二、填空題(30分：20×1.5分)地貌形成因素包括、、、等。氣候形成因素包括、、等。

自然地理要素的空間分異規律一般概括為、、等。地表水主要賦存形式有、、等。我國海岸基本分為、、等類型。

森林蘊藏著大量的動、植物資源，并且具有、、、，以及防治自然災害的巨大作用。

簡述題：(60分：3×20分)1．簡述我國第四紀環境演變的主要特點 2．中國自然地理地域分異的特征

3.根據中國土地資源的特征，試述其意義或對策

四、論述題(30分)試述人類活動與自然地理過程的相互作用？

蘭州大學2000年自然地理考研試題

一．

解釋下列概念（30分）

日的距離及其意義

臭氧層及其意義 成冰作用 夷平面 腐殖質及其作用 生態位 二．

論述地球自轉和公轉個有那些意義（20分）三．

簡介垂直地帶性（15分）華東師大2000年碩考RS試題

一、遙感名詞解釋(4*10=40分)

電磁輻射 黑體輻射 太陽輻射 地物光譜特性 中心投影 多光譜攝影 靜止衛星判讀標志 地面分辨率 非監督分類

二、問答題(60分)

１）什么叫遙感平臺？按其高度不同可以分為那幾種？各種遙感平臺的作用是什么？

２）什么叫地物反射光譜？試述植被、水體、雪的反射光譜各有哪些特點？

３）何謂航空像片的比例尺、平均比例尺？引起像片比例尺變化的主要因素有哪些？

４）設計一個遙感圖像處理系統的框圖，說明它們的功能，并舉一應用實例。

５）何謂遙感、地理信息系統、全球定位系統？試述三者之間的相互關系與作用．

2002北師大gis試題!一.28'

1.Metadata 2.TIN 3.ODBC 4.Digital Earth 5.NSDI 6.質心 7.OpenGIS 二.32'

1.關于投影變形特點的問題

2.關于拓撲數據的題(只是根據圖寫出弧段及多邊形的拓撲關系)(1.2.有圖,我就不寫了,大家放心我這樣的笨人也感到不難)3.簡述當前空間數據的存儲方式,優缺點及發展趨勢.4.請分別說明柵格數據和矢量數據的特點,并對二者的數據格式進行比較.三.40'

1.論述當前GIS發展趨勢.15'

2.給定如圖3所示8*8圖像,請分別寫出游程長度編碼數據和四叉樹編碼數據, 并用任意一種編程語言編寫上述兩種編碼的程序.25'

------------------

2002華師大 gis 試題

一，名詞解釋（每題6分，共30分）1，電子地圖 2，節點（node）/頂點（vertex）3，緩沖區分析 4，元數據（metadata）5，組件式GIS產品

二，問答題（共70分）

1，敘述一種有代表性的GIS商業化軟件的基本情況和主要功能。（20）

2，敘述矢量編碼的三種方法及各自的特點（20分）

3，現有一個城市的道路圖，公園分布圖和人口普查單元圖（有人口等數據），問如何利用GIS實現如下功能：

1）假定公園的服務范圍是與步行距離（d）有關，當一個地方與公園的步行距離小于d時即位于公園的服務范圍，根據定義確定城市中哪些區域為公園服務范圍的重疊區域。

2）基于公園服務范圍，確定不同區域的人均公園面積（產生人均公園面積分布圖）（20分）

4，舉例說明GIS與GPS結合的應用現狀與應用前景（10分）

1、根據空間數據庫的管理模式，簡述通用的數據庫模型中那些適用于空間數據管理。說明文件管理系統、數據庫管理系統有哪些不同？

2、設計一算法，使數字化作業員兩次放置原圖在手扶跟蹤數字化儀臺面上，兩次數字化同一原圖的不同實體所獲取的圖形坐標數據，仍能保證其可靠的連接和配準。

北京大學1998年研究生入學考試試題

一、名詞解釋

1、空間分析函數（5×4）

2、GPS

3、四叉數編碼

4、信息系統

5、OpenGIS

二、簡答題（4×10）

1、空間指標和空間關系量測的主要內容

2、矢量多邊形面積的快速算法（要求附框圖）

3、DEM、DTM的概念及其獲取方法

4、由柵格數據向矢量數據的轉換的方法。

三、綜合分析題（2×20）

1、地理信息系統的意義、特點與發展趨勢

2、地理信息系統的信息源與輸入方法

北京大學1999年研究生入學考試試題

一、名詞解釋（10×4）

1、數字地球

2、矢量結構

3、柵格數據

4、拓撲關系

5、緩沖區分析（buffer)

6、多邊形覆蓋分析（overlay)

7、數字高程模型（OEM)

8、三角法（TIN)

9、元數據（Metadata）

10、高斯——克呂格投影

二、簡答題（5×8）

1、簡述地理信息系統中主要有那些空間分析方法。

2、簡述地圖投影的基本原理

3、簡述柵格數據的數據組織方法

4、簡述地理信息系統的主要軟硬件組成5、簡述地理信息系統工程的三維結構體系

三、論述題（20）

試論GIS項目中文檔管理的意義及文檔的類型（主要有那些文檔）？

北京大學2000年研究生入學考試試題

一、概念題（8×5）

1、國家信息基礎設施

2、空間對象（實體）

3、拓撲結構

4、元數據（Metadata）

5、層次數據庫模型

6、GIS互操作

7、四叉樹編碼

8、空間索引

二、簡述題（5×8）

1、簡述柵格數據結構的三種數據組織方法

2、簡述地理信息系統數據采集的方法及特點

3、簡述高斯——克呂格投影的特點

5、簡述地理信息系統空間數據的誤差來源

三、論述題（20）

試論網絡GIS的技術特點及尚需解決的問題

北京大學2001年研究生入學考試試題

一、概念題（六選五，5×4）

1、空間對象

2、拓撲空間關系

3、地理空間中柵格表達方法

4、四叉樹編碼

5、空間數據質量

6、緩沖區分析

二、簡述題（4×10）

1、地理信息系統的組成

2、矢量、柵格、DEM數據結構的優缺點分析

3、屬性數據庫的數據模型

4、空間數據的內插方法

三、論述題（2×20）

1、論述地理信息系統的數據來源及數據采集的主要方法

2、論述DEM的主要應用

GIS概論

一、簡答：

1.地理信息的基本特征。（99）

2.數字地形模型的構建與應用。（99）3.地理信息系統數據庫管理系統的特點。（99）

4.地理信息系統的主要分析方法。（99）

5.地理信息系統與計算機制圖關系剖析。（99）

6.矢量與柵格數據的優缺點。（98）

二、問答（任選二）

1.論地理信息系統與地理信息科學。（99）

2.專業模型與地理信息系統連接方式比較。（99）

3.結合你的專業，舉例說明地理信息系統的應用特點。（99）

4.GIS產生、發展過程及前景。（98）

5.RS 與GIS 結合。（98）

2000年中科院博士入學考試（GIS）

一、名詞解釋（每個4分，共20分）

1.空間拓撲關系

2.地址匹配

3.元數據

4.柵格數據結構

5.空間數據精度

二、簡答題（每個10分，共30分）

1.簡述地理信息系統的組成

2.數字地形模型（DTM）的構建與應用

3.疊加分析

三、問答題（任選二，每個25分，共50分）

1.地理信息系統的發展及趨勢

2.時空動態數據結構研究

3.結合你的專業，論述GIS應用的關鍵技術問題。

遙感概論：

一、簡答與名詞解釋：

1.混合像元（98）

2.高光譜（98）

3.監督與非監督分類（97）

4.最大似然法（97）

5.紋理特征用于信息提取（98）

6.主成分分析（99）

7.TM的七個波段（97）

8.高光譜遙感（99）

9.遙感影象的特征（99）

二、論述

1.最小二乘法的原理、公式及應用。（98）

2.結合工作，談遙感的應用與發展前景。（99）

3.遙感地學評價基礎。（97）

2000年中科院博士生入學考試（RS）

一、名詞解釋（每個5分，共25分）

1.高光譜遙感

2.空間分辨率 3.大氣糾正

4.色度空間

5.小波變換

二、論述題：（任選三，每個25分）

1.微波遙感的成像機理。

2.多源數據復合的方法及關鍵技術。

3.遙感的發展及前沿綜述

4.結合你的專業，談談遙感應用的關鍵技術

《自然地理學》2000年考試題

1． 關于自然地理學科發展

2． 西部土地退化有哪幾種類型

3． 西部開發面臨的主要問題

4． 自然地域分界線

北京大學2001年碩士研究生入學考試試題（地理信息系統）

一、概念題（從6道題中任選5題，每題4分，共20分）

1、空間對象

2、拓撲空間關系

3、地理空間中的柵格表達方法

4、四叉樹編碼

5、空間數據質量

6、緩沖區分析

二、簡述題（每題10分）

1、地理信息系統的組成

2、矢量、柵格、DEM數據結構的優缺點分析

3、屬性數據庫的數據模型

4、空間數據的內插方法

三、論述題（每題20分）

1、論述地理信息系統的數據來源及數據采集的主要方法

2、論述DEM的主要應用

華東師范大學2000年GIS試題

一:名詞解釋

1:地理信息系統

2:矢量數據

3:空間分析

4:組建式GIS 5:虛擬現實

6:WEBGIS 二:簡答題

1:簡述地理信息系統發展史

2:簡述空間分析的方法

3:簡述OPENGIS的特點

4:珊格數據和矢量數據的區別

5:簡述GIS在3S中的應用

三:論述題 1:GIS的發展前景

2:WEBGIS的設計過程

南大2002年碩考試題

1.數據庫管理系統有哪幾種模型？比較它們的優缺點，并指出是否適合GIS空間數據的管理。

2.舉例說明空間疊加分析和緩沖區分析的異同點。

3.結合你的專業領域論述GIS的發展趨勢和前景。（不太記得是不是這個內容了）

4.試設計一算法，使兩次放置原圖在數字化儀平臺上，兩次所采集的數據仍屬于同一坐標系

今年我考新疆分院的博士，記得幾個題 1土壤的形成，人為因素對土壤形成的影響

2現代自然地理學的特點 3干旱區的地貌 類型及成因 4地域分異規律 還有一個，忘了

中山大學2004年城市地理學考博試題

一、新方法革命以來西方城市地理學主要流派以及未來研究展望

二、城市內部空間結構的相互關系

三、網絡型城市與超大型城市的優缺點

四、從三農問題看待中國城市化

五、英文圖表分析（許學強在經濟地理2003年上的城市地理綜述）

北京大學博士入學考試題,建議大家多收集上傳共享各單位試題

thinker 提供

北大考博人文地理試題2004年

一、區位論（重點是王緝慈的思想）1 名詞 30分

距離衰減法則 區位因子 2 問答題

（1）新區位論與傳統區位論的區別（英語提問）（2）生產要素投入的變化對區位論的影響（3）廖什理論 畫圖（4）

二 城市問題 1 名詞

房地產再開發 土地二級市場 3S技術 以PPP計算的GNP（PPP可能指購買力評價）城市職能 城市郊區化和郊區城市化 2 對城市發展戰略規劃問題的看法 3 城市位序規模法則內容及意義 4 房地產開發與城市規劃的關系 北大歷年考博試題 區位論 1999年

一、北京市（或其他超大城市）商業服務業的形成和CBD區位

二、理論地理學的來龍去脈（一、二任選一，每題30分）

三、工業區位優選的線性模式

四、產業空間擴散的演變過程（三、四兩題任選一，每題30分）

五、簡釋：

區位地租 2 區位商 3 區位三角形 4 服務半徑 5 門檻人口 6 單純腹地和競爭腹地（六選四題，每題10分）

區位論 2000年

一、簡答（每題5分，從中任選8題）區位與區位主體 2 區位決策過程 3 逆杜能圈 4 收益性空間界限 5 行為矩陣6 引7力模式 7 潛能模式 8 地理擴散 9 交通網絡的連結度 10 城市地域理想結構

二、論述（每題20分，從中任選3題）1 威爾遜的空間相互作用理論模式 李嘉圖的比較利益原則及在區域分工理論上的貢獻 3 論述公共服務設施的區位選擇 簡述中心地理論概要，并舉例說明在區域規劃以及城市體系規劃中的應用。

區位論 1998年

一 簡釋題：（5選4，每題10分）區位的幾何要素和地理實體 2 杜能環 3 產銷區劃的基本理論模式衛星城 5 斷裂點理論

二 城市的區位特點及經濟性

三 距離說明中心地理論在我國的應用。

四 我國主要的點軸地域結構（二、三、四題任選兩題，每題30分）

區位論 1997年

一 簡答題（任選4題，每題10分）區位商 2 區域經濟布局的優選數學模型 3 俄林的價格差異地域分工學說 4 混合吸引范圍 5 A.Weber的市場三指向

二 生產接近原（燃）料產地和消費區的線性模式 三 考慮產品效用時的產銷區界特點

四 經濟地理學、空間經濟學和區位論的關系（二、三、四題任選其二，每題30分）

區位論 1996年 一 簡答題 區位的幾何要素和地理實體（7分）2 區位三角形（7分）3 土地收益遞減律（6分）4區位商（6分）5 門檻人口（7分）6 第三代衛星城（7分）二 生產接近原料產地和消費區的線性模式

三 W.christaller 市場網絡的三種基本類型 四 城市地域結構的演化律

（二、三、四題任選其二，每題30分）2000年 北京大學 人文地理學 一 名詞解釋

通論地理學 地緣政治學 可持續發展觀 洪堡

二 論述20世紀50年代以前30以后人文地理學發展特點 三 試述區域發展依附理論的演進極其對后工業社會的解釋價值 四 舉例分析旅游業發展在產業結構調整中的作用和地位 五 我國最近提出開發大西北的區域發展戰略，其地理依據何在？

城市地理 2000年 一 名詞解釋

因子生態分析 城市土地利用模式 Terry.McGee 城市經濟基礎理論 二 試述20世紀50年代后城市地理學的方法論革命及發展趨勢 三 比較含義： urbanization 和 urbanism 2 urban system 和 system cities 2 試述世界產業空間組織變化與大都市帶形成的關系 3 結合我國經濟發展實際，分析城市化與經濟發展的互動關系

一、區位論（重點是王緝慈的思想）1 名詞 30分

距離衰減法則 區位因子 2 問答題

（1）新區位論與傳統區位論的區別（英語提問）（2）生產要素投入的變化對區位論的影響（3）廖什理論 畫圖（4）

二 城市問題 1 名詞

房地產再開發 土地二級市場 3S技術 以PPP計算的GNP（PPP可能指購買力評價）城市職能 城市郊區化和郊區城市化 2 對城市發展戰略規劃問題的看法 3 城市位序規模法則內容及意義 4 房地產開發與城市規劃的關系 北大歷年考博試題 區位論 1999年

一、北京市（或其他超大城市）商業服務業的形成和CBD區位

二、理論地理學的來龍去脈（一、二任選一，每題30分）

三、工業區位優選的線性模式

四、產業空間擴散的演變過程（三、四兩題任選一，每題30分）

五、簡釋：

區位地租 2 區位商 3 區位三角形 4 服務半徑 5 門檻人口 6 單純腹地和競爭腹地（六選四題，每題10分）

區位論 2000年

一、簡答（每題5分，從中任選8題）區位與區位主體 2 區位決策過程 3 逆杜能圈 4 收益性空間界限 5 行為矩陣6 引7力模式 7 潛能模式 8 地理擴散 9 交通網絡的連結度 10 城市地域理想結構

二、論述（每題20分，從中任選3題）1 威爾遜的空間相互作用理論模式 2 李嘉圖的比較利益原則及在區域分工理論上的貢獻 3 論述公共服務設施的區位選擇 簡述中心地理論概要，并舉例說明在區域規劃以及城市體系規劃中的應用。

區位論 1998年

一 簡釋題：（5選4，每題10分）區位的幾何要素和地理實體 2 杜能環 3 產銷區劃的基本理論模式衛星城 5 斷裂點理論

二 城市的區位特點及經濟性

三 距離說明中心地理論在我國的應用。

四 我國主要的點軸地域結構（二、三、四題任選兩題，每題30分）

區位論 1997年

一 簡答題（任選4題，每題10分）區位商 2 區域經濟布局的優選數學模型 3 俄林的價格差異地域分工學說 4 混合吸引范圍 5 A.Weber的市場三指向

二 生產接近原（燃）料產地和消費區的線性模式 三 考慮產品效用時的產銷區界特點

四 經濟地理學、空間經濟學和區位論的關系（二、三、四題任選其二，每題30分）

區位論 1996年 一 簡答題 區位的幾何要素和地理實體（7分）2 區位三角形（7分）3 土地收益遞減律（6分）4區位商（6分）5 門檻人口（7分）6 第三代衛星城（7分）二 生產接近原料產地和消費區的線性模式

三 W.christaller 市場網絡的三種基本類型 四 城市地域結構的演化律

（二、三、四題任選其二，每題30分）2000年 北京大學 人文地理學 一 名詞解釋

通論地理學 地緣政治學 可持續發展觀 洪堡

二 論述20世紀50年代以前30以后人文地理學發展特點 三 試述區域發展依附理論的演進極其對后工業社會的解釋價值 四 舉例分析旅游業發展在產業結構調整中的作用和地位 五 我國最近提出開發大西北的區域發展戰略，其地理依據何在？

城市地理 2000年 一 名詞解釋

因子生態分析 城市土地利用模式 Terry.McGee 城市經濟基礎理論 二 試述20世紀50年代后城市地理學的方法論革命及發展趨勢 三 比較含義： urbanization 和 urbanism 2 urban system 和 system cities 2 試述世界產業空間組織變化與大都市帶形成的關系 3 結合我國經濟發展實際，分析城市化與經濟發展的互動關系 剛考了生態中心的，成績不好，但是經歷可以共享 基本概念比較：

自然區劃與生態功能區劃 大陸性氣候與海洋性氣候 地理循環與生物地球化學循環 土地評價與土地持續性評價 遙感監督分類與非監督分類 問題分析：

格局與過程原理及其在地理學中的應用 全球變化中自然地理學的作用 植被在區域水循環中的作用

南大04年考博試題！此帖原來由福建師范大學巍子提供 2004年博士考試，經濟地理學進展

（一）名詞解釋 1經濟全球化 2可持續發展 3高技術產業 4大都市區（圈）5城鄉協調發展

（二）論述題

1以圖示形式表示點軸開發模式和圈層擴展模式并論述兩理論及應用特點

2區域規劃將成為我國十一五的新內容，試分析說明其主要內容及對完善我國社會主義市場 經濟體制的意義

3試比較我國長江三角洲和珠江三角洲兩大經濟區域的發展特征和綜合競爭優勢 2004年博士考試，規劃理論與實踐

一、名詞解釋（2分/個）1.經濟區 2.城市規劃 3.區域規劃 4.城市公共空間 5.概念規劃 6.簇群規劃

7.飛鵝（flying geese)發展理論 8.發達制造業 9.生產服務業 10.全球化

二、簡答（10分/個）1.簡述城鎮體系規劃的內容 2.簡述可持續發展研究的主要內容 3.簡述旅游規劃的理論與方法

三、論述（25分/個，選做二）1.中國城市總體規劃的發展新趨勢 2.土地利用規劃的理論與方法

3.國民經濟和社會發展計劃編制的基本框架

20709357，華中地區考博群