第一篇：托福閱讀滿分心得：首推《黃金閱讀》（范文）

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托福閱讀滿分心得：首推《黃金閱讀》

托福閱讀單項考了滿分，這其中要多多感謝文勇老師的《黃金閱讀》，下面我就講講我對閱讀的一些認知吧。

做題策略

我是先看每段的首句再看題，再看文章。這個辦法可行，對文章有個整體把握再做題很好。但說實話在真正的考場上，我發現這個都沒時間，果斷先看題再看文章。

讀完全文再做題這個絕對是悲劇的辦法，除非你是頂尖高手，完全不在乎出招的方式，因為你的內功實在太強了，那么你可以用這個方法。實力比較強但還在正常范圍的朋友們不要這樣，時間耗不起，因為托福閱讀中有很多信息不會考的，你多讀這么多信息，時間花費太多，不值得。

做題技巧

大家要把握第一要義是，不要想當然，不要yy，文章說什么就是什么，大家經常有這種經驗，一個選項說得天衣無縫，符合常識符合設想，合情合理，就是沒在文中提過。這種選項果斷拋棄，大家記住“文本本位主義”，文章怎么說就怎么選，說了的選，不說的不選，即使是推斷題也一定能在文章中某句話找到本源，如果找不到源頭，但推斷很合理，不能選。

詞匯題很多，情況無外乎兩種，你認識VS你不認識。你認識的詞也要帶回原文看意思，這里有一個很細的技巧，我不知道對不對，但我這樣做的。就是如果你知道這個詞的意思，比如 conceive，你知道它有想象的意思，而選項中出現imagine和describe，(這個是我在考試時遇到的一道題)帶回原文你發現describe更能說得通，但你又知道conceive和imagine的意思相近，這個時候我建議你選imagine，就像我選的一樣。也就是說如果這個詞你知道它的意思，但選項中出現了一個你明知不是這個詞的意思，但帶回原文卻驚人契合的時候，建議你還是選和這個詞意思一致的詞。

如果這個詞你不認識，反而簡單，帶回原文猜，好好看上下文，很可能有暗示。比如這次我碰到的inadvertently，說實話我1萬2的詞匯量(對外宣稱)還真不知道是什么意思，回原文考察，覺得unintentionally更合意思。果斷選，果斷得分。

以詞匯題肯定是你知道的越多勝率越高，我詞匯題基本不糾結，抓住就選了，因為詞匯量大嘛。但即使你詞匯量大，也不要掉以輕心，詞匯千萬，肯定有你不知道的。

還有就是你要有常識，沒常識有點痛苦，比如還是我遇到的一道插句子的題，如果你不知道哺乳動物是有脊柱動物恐怕你很難做對。

最后一道主旨題，永遠沒有細節，永遠。

總之閱讀要重視，復習時用好黃金閱讀，練習一定要計時，上場不要慌，時間把握好，不要想當然，基本就可以了。

復習資料

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托福復習的資料首推文勇老師的《黃金閱讀》，版本不斷在更新。非常感謝文勇老師的貢獻。各大論壇都可以下到，很容易，大家上網百度一下就可以了。一般在黃金閱讀前面，都有文勇老師“自吹自擂”的一段話，說這個黃金閱讀如何如何好。我就一句話，從來沒看過那么實在的“自吹自擂”，他對這篇資料的夸獎無絲毫言過其實。的確，你做了黃金閱讀，其他模考軟件都別做了。差距太大。黃金閱讀里面搜集了新托福的真題，從TPO全部都有，還有OG上面的文章，總之篇篇經典。

有段時間我做巴朗的閱讀能12分鐘全對，做黃金閱讀20分鐘還要錯3個。所以你一定要明確做delta，巴朗這些閱讀，你再厲害也不證明什么，做黃金閱讀篇篇全對才真正說明實力。

另外提醒大家黃金閱讀的使用一定要計時，20分鐘一篇，絕不多做。只有這樣你才能體會托福閱讀對你閱讀速度的要求，和那種考場上的緊迫感。而且，不要浪費這種寶貴資源，不要一天做個5、6篇，沒效果，太多了。一天做1到3篇比較合適，做完了之后好好對答案，思考自己錯在哪，為什么錯。而且把文章仔仔細細地讀，這些文章都是經過精心打磨的文章，它們的表達、用詞都十分高明，把這些你不熟悉的優質表達記下來，作文口語都可以用。

我做黃金閱讀的感覺就是，看到自己在進步，一開始一篇20分鐘根本做不完，后來慢慢有了速度，一篇要錯個4道，再后來錯3道，2道，1道，慢慢地走上了正軌。所以如果想把閱讀考好，黃金閱讀實在是繞不過的資料。

如果你覺得黃金閱讀的資料還不夠你做，那你可以做下高分閱讀120分，是個模考軟件，整體來說我感覺這個軟件難度和真題相仿，但你要小心，有的時候做高分120挫敗感很強，我經常狂錯。如果你想找信心不要做這個。

文章來源：100教育

第二篇：托福滿分作文

托福滿分作文

很多新托福考試的考友總是在感嘆，這個世界上能拿到的好作文實在是太少了，其實很多時候不是這些作文少，而是很多考友沒有努力去發掘這些作文。這不是太傻論壇就有考友分享了自己的滿分作文。無老師第一時間轉過來，推薦給各位考友！

拿這些滿分作文都該做些什么呢？看整篇結構，要看一看這些作文的結構是怎么展開的。要仔細的讀一下，這些作文每一段的寫作目的，到底是支持還是反對，以及哪幾段支持，哪幾段反對。看段落結構，要仔細分析在一段之中，每一句話所起到的作用。到底是主題句，還是例證。看句型多樣性，要仔細想想這些作文每一句話說話的分寸。比對自己的寫法。看每一句話的時候，腦中都要思考，這句話中文是什么意思，如果是我自己來寫，我會怎么寫！并且在下一篇自己的作文中替換為這些用法。5 用詞多樣性和準確性。如果有需要的話，再背一下是最好的了，沒有輸入就沒有輸出嗎！

比如：In this case, computer as a representative of modern technology plays anegative role in learning information.這句話，我們自己很有可能寫的就是，In this case, computer that is a equipment of modern technology

have a bad effectin learning information.這里的差距就很十分明顯了！因此，當給你美的東西，還要有一雙發現美的眼睛！2011-8-2

Independent Writing：Does modern technology help students learn more information and learn it more quickly?

Marvelousas it looks at first sight, modern technology does not help students

learn information at a greater speed and with higher efficiency in most cases;

or it could work towards the opposite direction which led students to lose theirinitiative to learn and explore.First of all, one property of modern technology is latently harmful to any

learning mind – it distracts.One thing we feel about when we are searching forinformation online is that the internet, as an outstanding example of modern

technology and even regarded as the innovator of education, provides us with notonly relevant results to make use of, but also external links to click.More

than once I turned on my computer to check school library for resources, but

ended up watching Youtube videos.In this case, computer as a representative ofmodern technology plays a negative role in learning information.We do acquiremore information with the convenient tool, yet most of them are irrelevant andin the end procrastinating would lower our learning.Also, students would easily become disoriented in the huge sea of information.Although modern technology could equip us with easy access to information, thehuge amount of resources would actually leave us discombobulated.Therefore, itis only we possess information more quickly rather than we learn it more

quickly.An illustrating example is my experience with a HK digital library

which stores almost all the books I desire.At first I enjoyed downloading them

from the database, however, one month later I ended up with hundreds of booksstored in my hardware yet none of them finished or ever clicked.Furthermore, modern technology gives students an illusion that information andreal knowledge is easy to learn – just by clicking mouse or watching videos.Butin fact this forms only the first step towards useful information and effective

learning, as learning of any kind requires full concentration and interactive

thinking, which are almost absent in the pocess of popular e-learning

experience.To summarize, modern technology does not help students learn more informationand learn it more quickly, though it does make access to information and

resources much more easily.The popular e-learning still lacks the

concentration, depth, and interaction that are the hallmarkof traditional ways

of educating and learning.2011-8-10

TPO Independent writing：我們生活的時代比父輩們年輕時生活的時代更好還是更壞？ It seems that people always have a desire to compare: am I prettierthan others?Are we living in a better age? Or, as the question goes, is our life easier and

more enjoyable than it was several decades ago? I would say no, as I have

witnessed the struggle and paradox of our generation.First of all, we are now living in an age of revolution with no previous human

experience that could be referred to.Living in such a fast-changing world wouldnot be easy and comfortable at all;with everything keeps changing, everyone hasto move fast in order to catch up with the majority.However, people were muchmore stable and care-free when our grandparents were children;they did not haveto learn a second language in order to get a better job, or read a lot in order

to get informed.Yet in our age, these are supposed to be the responsibility of

young people.Another discomfort of our age is that we are experiencing interpersonal

alienation.With the development of communication technology, people in factbecome alienated with friends and relatives since they could be so easily

accessed via phone or email.Too often we feel that few of our friends are true

friends, without the traditional feeling of mutual affection which could only becreated by longtime apart.But several decades ago, people treasured their

friends and maintained relatively close interpersonal relations, which is much

more enjoyable than the estrangements we are experiencing.The last factor that has made our age so uncomfortable is the abusive use of

technology.Although it brings much convenience, it essentially changes human –we are no longer the master of tools, but instead the slaves of devices.We rushto metro station in order to catch an early train, sit in front of radioactive

computers all day long in order to get our work done, and stay in

air-conditioned rooms all summer without experiencing the natural changes

outside thick cement walls.Several decades ago, people could still live closer

to nature and make rational use of modern technology, which to me is the essenceof human living experience.However, the comparison between different times is itself ridiculous.Thecriteria could not be easily determined, and opinions are highly personal.Anyway, we have a longer life span, more advanced medical facilities, and easiertraffic than our grandparent when they were children, and we should treasure thepresent experience.Imagination of the past might only be nostalgia – if I askmy grandparents the same question, they might as well say that our life is muchbetter than the past generations.Who knows? As long as the world is stillpeaceful, life at any time would not become too difficult to handle.

第三篇：托福滿分作文

題目，環境保護和醫療改革哪個更重要）(這個是那篇據作者說是托福滿分作文）

“Water and air are the sources of people's lives, and the bases of the world.” This was said by the ancient Greek philosopher ThalesLooking at the dirty air in the sky, smelling the gross smell from Yangtze River, I can't agree with him any more.The environmental issues are always the most important to a country, especially the country I live in, China

When the environment is becoming worse and worse, I have to say it is the most serious problem in this country.My junior high classmate , Anita, lived by the end of the Yangtze River.The industrial area is around there and all the factories pollute the water day by day.Unfortunately she got cancer, like many people who lived there If the polluted environment wants to “kill” you, there is no doctor in this world can save us.Looking at her face in the funeral, I finally understood the importance of protecting environment

It is always early to improve the health care, but never the environment.My dad is the president of the city hospital, and he always tells me “If the government gives us enough money, this hospital can be the best one in this country very quick by hiring best doctors and buying newest equipment but we all know that the environment is always harder to save.After second industrial revolution in Britain, the pollution in Thames River became horrible.When the British government realized that problem, it took them tens of years to solve it.Just like my mom always told me, ” It's easy to make something dirty, really hard to make it clean again.“

It's kind of like the paradox, but many times, the environmental problems cause many health care issues Many data do prove that, the people who live in a good environment have better qualities of lives.In 1970s, LBJ, the president of United States, passed a proposal which was called Clean Water Plan It was made to make the water clean in the US, and it did work.The most amazing thing is that the data show the numbers of patients in hospital decreased rapidly during first 15 years.That does prove my point, the environmental issue is a important factor of the health care issues.As I said, we do realize the seriousness and importance of the environmental issues.We do need a ”Heaven“ with clean water and air, green trees and beautiful mountains.The ”Hell" with doctors and hospitals is always our last choice.

第四篇：托福寫作口號及黃金規則

口號1：沒有蛀牙BE PERFECT！

口號2：要想自己爽，先讓別人爽

口號3：2-1是框架之王

口號4：例證法是萬法之母

口號5：每個論點都要有理由，每個理由都要有例子，每個例子都要有細節。

口號6：要事實，更要雄辯

口號7：一切皆可拆，無所不能拆

口號8：絕不重復使用同一個詞，除非萬不得已

口號9：能倒的堅決倒，不能倒的創造條件也要倒，死了也要倒

綜合寫作：

口號10：筆記為王

黃金規則一：The longer, the better!

黃金規則二：萬金由

健康與安全（營養/放松心情/緩解壓力/食品安全/生活習慣/身體傷害/體育鍛煉：早操、眼保健操、游泳、球類/生命/財產）

便利（節省（浪費）時間/時間靈活/交通/休閑/娛樂/健身/吃喝/購物/教育/醫療）

經濟（就業/職業/農業/工業/服務業/工資/收入/支出/效益/稅收/旅游）

交流（交友/集體活動/與家人/朋友/同學/同事/領導等交流）

幸福與情感（激情/興趣/親情/友情/愛情/樂趣/好惡）

成功（成就感/榮譽感/財富/自信/競爭/潛力/動力/壓力）

環保（生態平衡：沙漠化，砍伐森林，沙塵暴，干旱，洪水）/動植物的保護/環境污染如：廢棄物，水，空氣，光，噪音，輻射，酸雨）

品格（能干/聰明/合作/堅忍不拔/勤奮/獨立/負責任/寬容/體貼/謙虛/誠實）

科技，教育與培訓（科技的發展（電腦，電視，衛星，手機）/效率）

國家與文明（公益：慈善事業，志愿者/人與自然的和諧/文明的傳承和發揚the spread of passing down of civilization）

黃三：重述語意技巧

1、使用同義詞進行替換

2、用各種形式的同根詞進行替換

3、使用同一段與進行替換

4、用全新表達法進行替換

黃四：priceless sentence patterns1、強調句（1-2）

2、The more…, the more…

3、倒裝句（2-3）

4、比較結構和倍數關系（1-2）

5、修辭句（1-2）

6、并列結構（5-8）

7、虛擬語氣（1-2）

8、插入語（2-3）

綜合寫作：

黃五：如何確定要點

1、主題句

2、被重復的語意（同根詞，同義詞，相同詞，反義詞）

3、原因的結果，結論

4、被解釋的詞匯

5、表傾向性、否定和變化的詞

6、被強調的語意（最高級、比較級、絕對詞匯、修辭句、特殊停頓和特殊符號，如引號破

折號等）

7、問題和答案

8、重要例子

9、比較和比喻

10、表示轉折的詞匯后面的語義

第五篇：托福聽力十大黃金原則

托福聽力十大黃金原則

第一節TOEFL聽力段子十大黃金原則 我深信，這十大原則不僅適用于TOEFL聽力的段子，也適用于其它比如IELTS，四、六級，考研等考試 的聽力段子。可以說：一次學會，一勞永逸。

1． 聽見什么，選什么原則 該原則為“TOEFL聽力段子十大黃金原則”之首，因為其它九大原則都建立在它的基礎之上。

2． 重復原則 聽段子時，要特別注意那些“重復率高的詞或概念”。因為重復率高的東西容易引起我們聽者的注意。畢竟托福的測試對象是我們這些把英語作為第二語言的人，所以ETS的考點也只能是那些對我們而言，通過努力能聽懂的地方。Bonus: 段子中“重復率最高的詞或概念”很可能就是這個段子的主題（TOPIC）。

3． 建議原則 聽段子時，要特別注意那些“含有建議含義的詞或結構”。因為無論段子還是對話，建議的地方永遠做 考點。Multiply: 歷年TOEFL聽力段子中最常考的建議類結構匯編： 1）You should 2）I suggest / I propose / I recommend 3）proposal / tips / suggestion / advice/ recommedation 4）had better do sth./ be better off doing sth.5）How about…? / What about…? 6）Why not…? / Why don’t you…? 7）If I were you, I would…/ I wouldn’t… 8）Would it make things go faster if you…? 9）Maybe / Perhaps you… 10)How does … sound?

4． 強調原則 乍聽上去，強調原則顯得很籠統。其實具體可分為兩大類：語義強調和語氣、語調強調。語義強調包括含義強調、解釋強調、舉例強調、級別強調、結論強調、對比強調等六種。語氣、語調強調包括重音強調、停頓強調、清晰強調等三種。下面我們就來一一論述，先講“語義強調的六大分支”。

1）含義強調： 第一節TOEFL聽力段子十大黃金原則 聽段子時，要特別注意那些“本身含義上就給我們以震撼或觸動的詞或結構”。比 如：“Especially”一詞后面的內容一定是考點，因為它本身就表示“尤其是”，體現了ETS的“求異 思想”。再比如：“new theory”周圍也一定存在考點，因為這體現了ETS的“求新思想”。有時 ETS為強調某事，還特意用一些極其顯而易見的表達方式提醒我們，例如：“indeed（真正 得）”、“certainly（當然）”、“Just remember（一定要記住）”、“And again.（再說一 遍）”、“special feature（特殊的特征）”、“Most importantly（最為重要的是）”、“One thing I should mention（我應該提及的是……）”、“Make / Be sure to…（一定要……）”等等。更多的 含義強調詞還靠大家自己積累和體會。

2）解釋強調： 聽段子時，要特別注意那些“本身含義上帶有解釋性質的詞或結構”。比如：“…, which is / that is…（那就是說……）”顯然，“which is / that is…”引導的定語從句是ETS為防止我們考生聽不懂 前面的內容（生僻的詞或概念），而特意添加上去，用來進一步加以解釋的。所以這種解釋性的定語 從句理所當然就成了強調考點所在的重要標志。類似的結構如“What I mean is…”、“All that means is…”等等不勝枚舉。

3）舉例強調： 聽段子時，要特別注意那些“帶有舉例或列舉性質的詞或結構”。比如：“for example…（例 如……）”因為例子總比道理簡單易懂得多。ETS清楚地知道：考生明白了后面的舉例，自然也就理 解了前面的概念，然后再考前面的概念也就順理成章了。這點顯然跟解釋原則類似。所以這種舉例或 列舉式的結 1 構也成了強調考點所在的重要標志。類似的結構如“for instance”、“such as…”“namely…”、“as an example”、“take example for ”等等不勝枚舉。

4）級別強調： 聽段子時，要特別注意那些“帶有級別比較（比較級或最高級）性質的詞或結構”。比如：“much higher than…（比……高得多）”，因為有比較就有觀點，是觀點就是考點。所以這種帶有級別比較（比較級或最高級）性質的詞或結構也成了表明考點所在的重要標志。類似的結構還有“-er”、“est”“more”、“most”、“mostly”、“first”、“last”、“majority（多數派）”、“minority（少數派）”、“above all（首要的是）”等等舉不勝舉。

5）結論強調： 聽段子時，要特別注意那些“帶有結論、總結性質的詞或結構”。比如：“I concluded that…（我的 結論是……）”，不可否認，結論性言語在哪里都是最重要的，所以這種帶有結論、總結性質的詞或 結構也標志著考點的存在。類似的結構還有“conclusion”、“summarize”、“make a summary（總結）”、“in brief（概括說）”、“in short（簡而言之）”、“in a word（簡而言 之）”、“in a conclusion”、“finally”、“all in all”、“to sum up”等等舉不勝舉。

6）對比強調： 聽段子時，還要特別注意那些“帶有對比性質的詞或結構”。比如：“compare to…（與……相 比）”這種帶有對比性質的詞或結構也標志著考點就在周圍。類似的結構還有“unlike（不 象）”、“similar to（與……類似）”、“in contrast to（與……對 照）”、“differently”、“alike（象）”、“resemble（類似）” “on the other hand” “instead” “likewise” “in the same way”等等。接下來講語氣、語調強調的三大分支。

1）重音強調： 聽段子時，我們作為聽者，都會下意識地注意聽那些“讀音很重的詞或結構”。因為它們got our attention（抓住了我們的注意力）。這就是ETS本能強調的突出體現。所以重音所在必為考點所在。

2）停頓強調： 第一節TOEFL聽力段子十大黃金原則 一個段子讀得好好的，突然一個停頓，過了一兩秒種后才恢復過來。這種嘎然而止的現象特別能引起 我們考生的注意。同樣也達到了ETS get attention的目的，成為本能強調的又一突出體現。所以停頓 所在必為考點所在。

3）清晰強調： 該強調方式最具隱蔽性。因為大多數考生有一種奇怪的想法：認為容易聽清聽懂的地方不會考，最會 考的是那些生僻難懂之處。所以不惜花大量時間和精力去分析、猜測難點含義，卻忽略以致放棄已經 聽懂的地方。不要忘記TOEFL是第二語言測試，不會“沒有人性”到“專考生僻所在”。所以應引 起我們充分重視的還是那些讀得清晰的易懂之處。切記：清晰之處一樣是考點所在。

5． 因果原則 聽段子時，要特別注意那些“含有因果含義的詞或結構”。因為無論段子還是對話，有因果的地方永遠 做考點。因果類標志詞又可細分為原因類和結果類。Multiply: 歷年TOEFL聽力段子中最常考的因果類結構匯編： 原因類:

1）because … 2）because of … 3）due to … 4）since … 5）as … 6）for … 7）The reason is … 8）That’s why … 9）By reason of … 10）Owing to …

結果類:

1）so … 2）so that … 3）therefore … 4）thereby … 5）hereby … 6）thus … 7）As a result 8）consequently … 9）hence … 10）accordingly … 第一節TOEFL聽力段子十大黃金原則

6．轉折原則 聽段子時，還要特別注意那些“含有轉折含義的詞或結構”。因為無論段子還是對話，轉折的地方永遠 做考點。Multiply: 歷年TOEFL聽力段子中最常考的轉折類結構匯編： 1）but … 2）however … 2 3）nevertheless … 4）while … 5）yet … 6）unless … 7）except for … 8）actually … 9）in fact … 10)To tell you the truth … 11)practically … 12)virtually … 13)as a matter of fact …

7． 問答原則 聽段子時，還要特別注意那些“含有一問一答或自問自答形式的句子或結構”。往往問題就會做為考 題，而對問題的回答就是考點所在，即正確答案的出處。

8．開頭原則 聽段子時，要特別注意聽清“段子開頭的一兩句話”。往往TOPIC（主題）會在這一帶出現，而主題 必為考點。

9．尾巴原則 同樣，還要特別注意聽清“段子結束時的一兩句話”。往往CONCLUSION（結論）會在這一帶出現，而結論也必為考點。10． 人名原則 切記：聽段子時，不論是文科段還是理科段，只要出現人名的地方，往往“埋伏著”考點。因為后面必 有一道題會問這個人的地位、作用和所做出的特殊貢獻。故含有人名之處必為考點。以上十大原則匆匆講完，想必有點“紙上談兵”的感覺。下面我們就試著運用一下。先給大家一個段 子，請在60秒內，通過迅速掃描，把可能會出題的地方在原文中劃出來。開始！第一節TOEFL聽力段子十大黃金原則 [2000.1.（47）——（50）] Questions 47-50.Listen to the beginning of a lecture given by a history professor.Good morning, class.Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture.As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E.Pierre was the first person to reach the North Pole.What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Pierre’s pioneering accomplishment.In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Comeydore Pierre’s claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th 1909 and found no reason to doubt him.This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911.Nevertheless, Pierre’s claim was surrounded by controversy.This was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a fouryear earlier.Over the decades Pierre was given the benefit of the doubt, but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered.So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Pierre’s polar expedition.The documents supported Pierre’s claims about the distances he covered.After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Pierre at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th, 1909.OK, today we’re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world.I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.OK，下面我把考點用粗體陰影標出。看看你劃得對嗎？ Good morning, class.Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture.（開頭原則）As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E.Pierre was the first person（級別強調原則）to reach the North Pole.What I neglected to mention（含義強調原則）was the controversy around Pierre’s pioneering accomplishment.In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Comeydore Pierre’s claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th 1909 and found no reason to doubt him.This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911.Nevertheless,（轉折原則）Pierre’s claim was surrounded by controversy.This was largely due to（因果原則）the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a fouryear earlier.Over the decades Pierre was given the benefit of the doubt, but（轉折原則）critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered.So（因果原則）the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 3 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Pierre’s polar expedition.The documents supported Pierre’s claims about the distances he covered.After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Pierre at the pole, they concluded that（結論強 調原則）Pierre and his companions did in fact（轉折原則）reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th, 1909.OK, today we’re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world.I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.（尾 巴原則）中文參考譯文： 早上好。在我們開始之前，我想提一下上節課后一位同學給我提出的一個問題。（開頭原則）你們 第一節TOEFL聽力段子十大黃金原則 可能還記得，上節課我說過Robert E.Pierre是第一個（級別強調原則）到達北極的人。而我沒提到過（含義強調原則）對Pierre這次歷險成就的爭論。1910年，一個國家地理學會小組考察了“宣布 Comeydore Pierre在1909年4月6日登上北極點”的報告，發現沒有理由懷疑他的成功。這個決定被美國 國會在1911年就核實了。然而，（轉折原則）Pierre的成就卻被疑問包圍著。這是因為（因果原則）Frederic Cook醫生宣布他比Pierre早4年到達北極點。在以后的年代里Pierre賺了懷疑的便宜，但是（轉折 原則）批評家堅持對他所走方向和所走距離提出疑問。所以，（因果原則）領航基金會又用了12個月的 難熬時間來考察Pierre的歷險。文件支持了Pierre對路程的主張。在用了大量電腦分析Pierre在北極點拍 的照片以后，他們作出結論：（結論強調原則）Pierre和他的伙伴們實際上的確（轉折原則）在1909年4 月6日到達了北極點。好，今天我們將要討論對地球另一個極點的探索。我猜你們在讀過書中的第三章 以后，一定對Emerson和Scott這兩個名字不陌生了吧？（尾巴原則）