第一篇：商務(wù)英語總結(jié)

Along with the deepening of economic globalization, development and accession to the WTO since the rapid growth of China's foreign trade, China and countries and regions all over the world economic and trade exchanges is becoming more frequent, English is engaged in foreign trade activities of business people for business exchanges and an important tool for communication.Business English trading activities have gradually become an indispensable part.Business English is a business application in the field of language, the language of the salient features of the application is professional and strong, meaning a relatively narrow face, the use of more scientific terms, professional.Many common English words in common, however, business English has its special meaning from the professional early seventies, linguists of the Language in Business English more and more interested in the use of.Pragmatic scientists, sports scientists and conversational analysts from different point of view of business with the characteristics of English language, stylistic features and characteristics of discourse.Business English language has its own characteristics of style, features and pragmatics of discourse characteristics.Business English sentences short, use active voice, present tense and the sentence, such as affirmative.The impact of its purpose, business letter form the structure of text, paragraphs, the characteristics of apparent natural clear convergence and coherence.This is a feature of its discourse with.Business English usually has six key principles: the correct, complete, clear, concise, considerate and courteous.In this paper, the basis of previous studies to try a new approach to the purpose of analysis---a letter from the business point of view to analyze the characteristics of the language of business English, focusing on inspection of its lexical features 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的深入發(fā)展和加入WTO，中國的對外貿(mào)易快速增長，世界各地的經(jīng)貿(mào)往來中國和國家和地區(qū)日趨頻繁，英語是從事對外經(jīng)貿(mào)活動的商務(wù)人士進(jìn)行商務(wù)交流與溝通的重要工具。商務(wù)英語逐漸成為貿(mào)易活動中不可缺少的一部分。商務(wù)英語在語言領(lǐng)域的商業(yè)應(yīng)用，應(yīng)用的顯著特點(diǎn)的語言是專業(yè)性強(qiáng)，意義面相對較窄，多使用科學(xué)術(shù)語，專業(yè)。許多常見的英語常用詞，然而，商務(wù)英語有其特殊的意義，從專業(yè)的七十年代初，語言學(xué)家對語言在商務(wù)英語中的運(yùn)用問題越來越感興趣。語用學(xué)家，運(yùn)動科學(xué)家和英語語言的特點(diǎn)，從各自不同的角度分析商務(wù)會話分析家，文體特征和語篇特征。商務(wù)英語的語言有其自身的文體特點(diǎn)，語篇特征和語用特色。商務(wù)英語句子簡短，多用主動語態(tài)，現(xiàn)在時和句子，如肯定。其目的的影響，商務(wù)信函形式的文本段落，結(jié)構(gòu)，明顯的銜接和連貫自然清晰的特點(diǎn)。這是一個特征的話語。商務(wù)英語通常有六大原則：正確，完整，清晰，簡明，體貼周到的。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，試圖分析——一封從業(yè)務(wù)的角度來分析商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn)的目的的一種新方法，重點(diǎn)調(diào)查其詞匯特征

Business English in his section you'll find materials and lesson plans to get your students prepared for real work scenarios and introduce them to business-related language and grammar, as well as tips and ideas on a range of teaching techniques used in business English classes.And, if you need to keep your lessons topical, our Business Spotlight series provides the perfect solution: based on articles from Business Spotlight, it covers a range of stimulating professional topics, from honesty in job interviews to the challenges of self-employment – and we add a new one every month!商務(wù)英語在他的部分，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)材料和課程計劃來讓你的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的實(shí)際工作情況，向他們介紹相關(guān)的語言和語法，以及一系列的用于商務(wù)英語課堂教學(xué)技術(shù)，技巧和想法。并且，如果你需要保持你的課程主題，我們的業(yè)務(wù)焦點(diǎn)系列提供了完美的解決方案：基于業(yè)務(wù)的聚光燈下的文章，它涵蓋了一系列刺激的專業(yè)問題，從誠信在求職面試中的自我就業(yè)–挑戰(zhàn)，我們添加一個新的每一個月！

Different In Business English, we can use all the learning English more systematic and some exclusive terms.As we learned there like premium, insight into the performance, such as.These words are the traditional English learning books above to.在商務(wù)英語中，我們能更加系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)英語的各種用法和一些專屬名詞。比如我們學(xué)過的就有像溢價，績效，洞察之類的。這些詞語是傳統(tǒng)英語書上面所學(xué)習(xí)不到的。

Structure Structure of academic English take is very strict, compared with the general English article, is of great readability, and the level of clarity, there is always a total score, total points like form.The most critical is the characteristic of the article also generally longer.學(xué)術(shù)英語所采取的結(jié)構(gòu)都是十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)模鄬τ谝话阌⒄Z文章而言，具有較大的可讀性，而且文章的層次清晰，總有著總分，分總之類的形式。最關(guān)鍵的是文章也普遍較長的特點(diǎn)。Theme Academic subjects in English are relatively large, and it is through long-term research conclusion.Theoretical article is very stringent, from psychology, business, mathematics, statistics to analyze every angle.Through the case, convincing data to strengthen the.學(xué)術(shù)英語的主題都是比較大的，而且都是經(jīng)過長期研究得出的結(jié)論。文章的理論性十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，從心理學(xué)，商學(xué)，數(shù)學(xué)，統(tǒng)計學(xué)各個角度來分析。通過案例，數(shù)據(jù)來加強(qiáng)文章的說服力。

Last In academic English class more freedom, the interaction between teachers and students a lot, also hope that develops for a long time, thank you teacher and a semester of teaching.最后的

在學(xué)術(shù)英語課堂教師和學(xué)生更多的自由，很多之間的相互作用，也希望長期發(fā)展，謝謝老師和一個學(xué)期的教學(xué)

第二篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語總結(jié)

術(shù)語翻譯：

1、復(fù)式記賬double-entrybookkeeping2、會計循環(huán)accounting cycle3、財務(wù)報表financial statement4、會計恒等式accounting equation5、留存收益retainedearning6、凈利潤凈損失net income/ net loss7、原始憑證source document8、日記賬（普通特種）general / special journal9、分類賬（總明細(xì)）general /subsidiary ledger10、試算平衡表trial balance11、調(diào)整分錄adjusting entries12、財務(wù)報表附注 notes to the financial statements13、權(quán)益融資 equity financing14、債務(wù)融資 debt financing15、financial and security institution 金融和證券機(jī)構(gòu)

16、Accounting Standards For Business Enterprise企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則

17、短期償債能力short-term liquidity18、長期償債能力long-term solvency19、資本結(jié)構(gòu) capital structure20、壞賬準(zhǔn)備 provision for bad debts21、融資租入固定資產(chǎn)fixed assets financed by leasing22、流動負(fù)債current liabilities23、construction in progress 在建工程

24、goods in process 在產(chǎn)品

25、deferred tax on debit/credit 遞延稅款/借款款項(xiàng)

26、accounts payable 應(yīng)付賬款

27、notes receivable 應(yīng)收票據(jù)

28、advances from customers 預(yù)收賬款

29、paid-in capital 實(shí)收資本

30、capital reserve資本公積

31、surplus reserve盈余公積

32、undistributed profit未分配利潤

33、accrual-based accounting 權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制

34、cash-based accounting 現(xiàn)金收付制

35、先進(jìn)先出法（FIFO）first in first out36、后進(jìn)先出法（LIFO）last in first out37、加權(quán)平均法weighted average38、成本與市價孰低法（LCM）lower of cost and market39、lower of the carrying amount and recoverable amount 可收回金額與賬面金額孰低

40、成本法 cost method41、權(quán)益法 equity method42、issue a bond at a premium/discount 折價/溢價發(fā)行

43、本金 principal44、（債券的）票面價值face value45、殘值residual value46、累計折扣 accumulated depreciation47、銷售退回 return of sales48、銷售折讓 sales allowance49、銷售折扣 sales discount50、計劃成本法 planned costing51、定額成本法 norm costing52、成本差異 cost variance53、營業(yè)外支出 non-operating expense54、所得稅 income tax55、投資損失（收益）investment loss（profit）

56、ROA資產(chǎn)收益率

57、ROE投資報酬率

58、ROI投資收益率

59、P/E ratio 每股市價/每股盈余

60、M/B value 市場價值與賬面價值的比例

61、EPS 每股盈余

62、working capital 營運(yùn)資本

63、EBIT息稅前利潤

64、capital gains 資本利得

65、market equilibrium 市場均衡

66、CAPM 資本資產(chǎn)定價模型capital assets pricing model67、capital cost 資本成本

68、貼現(xiàn)率discount rate69、業(yè)務(wù)憑證business document70、過賬 post71、固定資產(chǎn)減值準(zhǔn)備provision for impairment loss on fixed assets72、系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險system risk73、marketable security 可出售債券

74、共同比報表 common-size statement75、獨(dú)資 the sole proprietorship

句子與段落翻譯

1、Double-entry accounting is an old universally accepted system for recording accounting data.With double-entry accounting each transaction is recorded in a way that maintains the equality of the basic accounting equation: Assets =liabilities, + OwnersEquity.To summarize, the following are the important features of double entry accounting:

(1)Assets are increased(增加)by debits(借方)and decreased by credits(貸方).(2)Liabilities and owners, equity accounts are increased by credits and decreased by debits.(3)Owners’equity for a corporation include capital stock accounts and the retained earnings account。

(4)Revenues，expenses，and dividends relate to owners’equity through the retained earnings accounts.(5)Expenses and dividends are increased by debits and decreased by credits because owners equity.(6)Revenues are increased by credit and decreased by debits.(7)The difference between total and revenues and total expenses for a period is net income(loss),which increase(decrease)owners equity through retained earnings.復(fù)式記賬法是一種古老而被廣泛接受的會計數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng)。復(fù)式記賬能確保每項(xiàng)交易的記錄都不影響會計基本恒等式的平衡：

資產(chǎn)=負(fù)債+所有者權(quán)益

總的來說，復(fù)式記賬具有以下一些重要特點(diǎn)：

（1）資產(chǎn)增加計入借方，減少計入貸方。

（2）負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益賬戶增加計入貸方，減少計入借方。

（3）一家公司的所有者權(quán)益包括股票資本賬戶和留存收益賬戶。

（4）收入、費(fèi)用及股利通過留存收益賬戶與所有者權(quán)益相聯(lián)系。

（5）費(fèi)用和股利增加計入借方，減少計入貸方，因?yàn)樗鼈冇绊懰姓邫?quán)益。

（6）收入增加計入貸方，減少計入借方。

（7）每期收入總額與費(fèi)用總額之差為凈利潤（損失），其透過留存收益增加（減少）所有者權(quán)益。

2、Depreciation is the process of computing expenses from allocating the cost of plant and equipment（long-term assets）over their expected useful lives in the production of revenues.Adjusting entries for depreciation expenses involve increasing(debiting)depreciation expenses and a subtraction and thus used to record the declining asset balance.The plant and equipment account is not credited for depreciation.折舊是在工廠設(shè)備(長期資產(chǎn))預(yù)期可創(chuàng)造收入的使用年限內(nèi),對其成本進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)攤銷的過程,針對折舊費(fèi)用的調(diào)整分錄為增加(借記)折舊費(fèi)用,增加(貸記)一個稱為“累計折舊”的專門賬戶，累計折舊屬于資產(chǎn)備抵賬戶，它作為資產(chǎn)的減項(xiàng)用以記錄資產(chǎn)余額的減損，廠場設(shè)備賬戶是不貸記折舊。

3、Financial reports are final products of accounting calculation.They are the written documents summarizing and reflecting the financial position and operating results of an enterprise, including a balance sheet, an income statement, a cash flow statement together with notes to the financial statements, and explanatory statement on financial condition.財務(wù)報告是會計核算的最終產(chǎn)品,是匯總反映企業(yè)財務(wù)狀況和經(jīng)營成果的書面文件,包括資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表、利潤表、現(xiàn)金流量表以及一些補(bǔ)充表格，報表附注和有關(guān)財務(wù)情況的解釋性報表。

4、An income statement is an accounting statement that reflects the operating results of an enterprise within an accounting period，as well as the distribution.The purpose for preparing the income statement is to provide users within accounting information on the operating results of the business.Functions of the income statement are as follow : to help explain, evaluate andpredict the operating results and profitability of a business ；to help explain，evaluate and predict

solvency；to help the management make operating decision；to evaluate the managements performance.利潤表是反映企業(yè)某一會計期間,經(jīng)營成果及其分配的會計報表.編制利潤表的目的是為了向使用者提供有關(guān)企業(yè)經(jīng)營成果的會計信息,利潤表的功能包括:幫助解釋、評價、預(yù)測長期償債能力，幫助管理層進(jìn)行經(jīng)營決策，幫助評價管理層的業(yè)績。

5、Notwithstanding its usefulness，the balance sheet has some serious limitations.External users often need to know a company sworth.The balance sheet, however, does not generally reflect the current value of a business.Actually, many assets are reported at historical cost.which is usually less than market value, and other assets are not included in the balance sheet at all, accordingly, the balance sheet numbers are often a very poor reflection of what a company is worth.A related problem with the balance sheet is the instability of the measurement currency.An additional limitation of the balance sheet is that all companies do not classify and report all like items similarly.盡管資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表很有用，但也有一些嚴(yán)重的缺陷，外部使用者經(jīng)常需要知道一家公司的價值，但是資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表一般并不反映企業(yè)的當(dāng)前價值，實(shí)際上，許多資產(chǎn)通常是按低于市場價值的歷史成本報告的，而另一些資產(chǎn)甚至都沒有包括在表內(nèi)，因此，通常資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表數(shù)字幾乎不反映公司的價值。與資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表相關(guān)的一個問題是計價貨幣的不穩(wěn)定性。另一個缺陷是沒有做到所有公司對于相似的項(xiàng)目都采用類似的方法進(jìn)行分類和報告。

6、Based on the information from financial statement，we can calculate many financial ratios to provide information about following areas of financial performance：（1）short-term Liquidity，（2）long-term solvency and capital structure，（3）profitability，（4）efficiency，（5）growth，and（6）market value

財務(wù)報表的來的信息的基礎(chǔ)上，我們可以計算很多財務(wù)比率來給以下財務(wù)經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域提供信息

（1）短期償債能力（2）長期償債能力和資本結(jié)構(gòu)（3）盈余能力（4）效率（5）增長率（6）市場價值

7、The value of a stock is equal to the stream of cash payments discounted at the rate of return that investors expect to receive on securities。Common stocks do not have a fixed cash payments consist of an indefinite stream of dividends。The present

tvalue of acommon stock is PV=DIVt/（1+r）

股票價值等于按投資者預(yù)期從可比證券上獲得的回報率貼現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)金流出，普通股沒有固定的到期日，其現(xiàn)金支付由無限期的股利流組成，因此普通股的現(xiàn)值等于

8、The risk of an investment is best judged in a portfolio context.Most investors do not put all their eggs into one basket.They diversify.Thus the effective risk of any security cannot be judged by an examination of that security alone.Part of the uncertainty about the security s return is “diversified away” when the security is grouped with others in a portfolio.投資的風(fēng)險最好在投資組合中予以確定,大多數(shù)投資者不會把雞蛋放在同一個籃子里,他們會分散投資,因此僅靠對單個證券的體驗(yàn)并不能判斷出該證券的有效風(fēng)險.如果某一證券與其他證券組成投資組合,則該證券收益的不確定性將被部分”分散掉”.9、Beta measures the amount that investors expected the stock price to change for each additional 1 percent change in the market.The average beta of all stocks is 1.0.A stock with a beta greater than 1 is unusually sensitive to market movements;a stock with a beta below 1 is unusually insensitive to market.Thus a diversified portfolio invested in stocks with a beta of 2.0 will have twice the risk of a diversified portfolio with a beta of 1.0.β衡量了市場每增加變動百分之一時投資者預(yù)期股價將變化的大小,所用股票的β平均值為1.0,貝塔值超過1的股票對市場的變化異常敏感,而貝塔值低于1的股票對市場的變化就不那么敏感.因此貝塔為2.0的股票組合的風(fēng)險是貝塔為1.0的股票組合風(fēng)險的兩倍.10、The basic principles of portfolio selection boil down to a commonsense statement that investors try to increase the expected return on their portfolio and to reduce the standard deviation of that return.A Portfolio that gives the highest expected return for a given standard deviation, or the lowest standard deviation for a given expected return, is known as an efficient portfolio.投資組合選擇的基本原則歸結(jié)為一種常識性的說法是，投資和力圖提高其投資組的期望并減少該收益的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，有效投資組合是那些特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差下具有最高期望收益或特定期望收益與下具有最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的投資組合。

簡答題

1、what are the two formats of balance sheet and the two formats of income statement separately？資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的兩種形式是什么?

The fundamental forms of balance sheet include account form and report form

An account form of balance sheet has two sides.The left side shows items of assets, the right side shows items of liabilities and owner s equity.It looks a “T” account, it is based on the equation stated as “assets=liabilities + owner s equity” The report form of the balance sheet states items of assets, liabilities and owner s equity horizontally, where assets are stated on the upper part of the balance sheet, liabilities and owner s equity on the lower part.It is based on the equation stated as “assets-liabilities=owner s equity”

2、How to calculate the following financial ratios? Please write down the formulas.如何計算下列財務(wù)比率,寫出他們的公式

Current ratio=total current assets/total current liabilities

流動比率=流動資產(chǎn)總額/流動負(fù)債總額

Quick ratio=quick assets/total current liabilities

速動比率=速動資產(chǎn)/速動負(fù)債總額

Accounts receivable turnover=sales/accounts receivable

應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率=銷售收入/平均應(yīng)收賬款

Days inventory=days in period/inventory turnover

平均收賬期=天數(shù)/存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率

Debt ratio=total debt/total assets

負(fù)債比率=總負(fù)債/總資產(chǎn)

Equity multiplier=total assets/total equity權(quán)益乘數(shù)=總資產(chǎn)/總權(quán)益

Interest coverage=EBIT/interest expense

利息保障倍數(shù)=息稅前利潤/利息費(fèi)用

ROA=net income/average total assets

資產(chǎn)收益率=凈利潤/平均總資產(chǎn)

ROE=net income/average stockholder s equity

權(quán)益報酬率=凈利潤/平均股東權(quán)益

Net profit margin=net income/total operating revenue

Payout ratio=cash dividends/net income

Total asset turnover=sales/average total assets

P/E ratio=market price per share/EPS

市盈率=每股市價/每股盈余

M/B vale=market price per share/book value per share

市值與賬面值比=每股市價/每股賬面價值

3、How to decompose the ROA and ROE according to the DuPont System？

通過杜邦分析體系來分解ROA，ROE

ROE=profitability * efficiency * leverage

=ROS * asset turnover * asset-to-equity ratio

=net income/sales * sales/asset * asset/equity4、what is NPV? And what is the NPV rule？什么是凈現(xiàn)值法則？

NPV is present value plus any immediate cash flow

NPV rule：the financial manager cannot affect the interest rate but can increase,stockholders wealth.The way to do so is to invest in assets having

positive net present values

第三篇：商務(wù)英語-總結(jié)會議

商務(wù)英語 / 對公眾說話 / 12 總結(jié)會議 Concluding a Business Meeting Action公司第三季會議在各部門負(fù)責(zé)人一一報告，以及與會者熱烈討論之后，即將落幕。會議主持人Jennifer，此時再度上臺，為會議做個總結(jié)。

That wraps up the last item on the agenda.Before we close, are there any questions?

Fine.In summary, I think we agree that this quarter's domestic sales figures show a marked trend in microwave sales.Sam, I'd like you to follow up on that, please.Let's see where this is heading.Jane, thank you for the comprehensive PR status report.I understand there are still a few problems to be worked out, but we all trust in your ability.Ladies and gentlemen, the new design is satisfactory.Let's keep Action ahead of the game.Finally, I appreciate your comments and suggestions about the Canadian sales outlook.This is our first opportunity to promote our products in North America, so we certainly want to cover every detail.Well, then, that covers everything.I make a motion to close the third quarterly meeting of Action Appliances.Is there a second?

短語解說

wrap up 完成；結(jié)束

這是個口語用法，意同“conclude”、“finish”和“close”。主詞可以是人或物。I'd like to quickly wrap up this meeting, so we can go home.我想趕快把這個會議結(jié)束，那我們就可以回家。marked trend 明顯的趨勢

“marked”是過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞，有‘醒目的、明顯的’意思；“trend”是指事物或社會現(xiàn)象變動的趨勢。

Judging from the graph, you can see a marked trend upward on the Japanese stock exchange.依照這張圖表，你們可以看出日本股市明顯地上漲。follow up on(something)進(jìn)一步了解 “follow”原是「跟隨」的意思；這個詞組是指注意某事發(fā)展，并進(jìn)一步深入地了解它。介系詞“on”之后所跟的名詞詞組即代表需要了解的事。

We can take care of that problem when we follow up.等我們更進(jìn)一步地了解問題后，就容易解決了。

status report 狀況報告

“status”指‘事情的狀況’。一般公司都會要求每個計劃或部門的負(fù)責(zé)人在固定的時間，報告事情的最新進(jìn)展，即“status report”。

The accounting department is required to submit weekly status reports to our general manager.會計部必須每周向總經(jīng)理提出現(xiàn)況報告。work out 解決，完成

這個俚語在此是指‘解決問題’，通常有得到圓滿結(jié)果之含意。除此之外，它還有‘算出…；鍛煉身體’等的解釋。

Things will work out as long as you are patient.只要你有耐心，事情早晚會解決的。ahead of the game 領(lǐng)先

這是俚語用法，照字面解釋，指在一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動比賽中‘領(lǐng)先其它的人’；亦即表示在某種情況中占優(yōu)勢，超越他人。

She studies hard every day to stay ahead of the game.她為了要領(lǐng)先其它同學(xué)，每天都很用功。

句型總結(jié)

●

討論結(jié)束

1.That wraps up the last item on the agenda.2.That takes care of the last order of business.3.That concludes the final order of business.主席首先應(yīng)宣布討論已經(jīng)結(jié)束，之后再作結(jié)語。“wrap up”與“conclude”的意思相同，表示‘結(jié)束’。“take care of”在此有‘完成’之意。●

總結(jié)重點(diǎn)

1.In summary, I think we agree that this quarter's domestic sales figures show a marked trend in microwave sales.2.Overall, I think we are in agreement about the third quarter's sales figures that show a marked trend in microwave sales.3.To repeat, we agree that the microwave sales figures are showing a marked trend.宣布討論結(jié)束之后，主持人應(yīng)總結(jié)會議的討論結(jié)果或要點(diǎn)。“I think we agree…”是一個的間接句法，婉轉(zhuǎn)地詢問其它人的意見；而“in summary”、“overall”或“to repeat”是作摘要的實(shí)用詞匯，通常置于句首。

●

感謝與會者

1.Finally, I appreciate your comments and suggestions about the Canadian sales outlook.2.And lastly, thank you for your comments and suggestions about the Canadian sales outlook.3.In conclusion, I welcome your comments and suggestions about the sales outlook for Canada.做過要點(diǎn)總結(jié)后，主席可以感謝與會者的建議和參與。用“finally”、“l(fā)astly”或“in conclusion”來承接上文，亦表示這是談話的最后一段了。并以“appreciate” ,“thank you”這些字眼表達(dá)謝意。

●

提議散會

1.I make a motion to close the third quarterly meeting of Action Appliances.Is there a second?

2.I'd like to make a motion to conclude the third quarterly meeting of Action Appliances.Is there a second?

3.I move that we close this quarterly meeting.Do I have a second?

最后主席應(yīng)提出散會的動議，并要求臺下的人附議，若有人附議，即可進(jìn)行表決，決定散會與否。

第四篇：商務(wù)英語概念總結(jié)

Unit 10 1.Marketing: Marketing is a total system of business activities designed to plan,price,promotion and distribute want-satisfying products to target markets to achieve organizational objectives.2.Market opportunity: profitable possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs or creating new ones in areas in which the company is likely to enjoy a differential advantage,due to its distinctive competencies.3.Market research: collect and analyze information about the size of a potential market,about consumer’s reaction to particular product or service features,and so on.4.Marketing mix: all the various elements of a marketing programme,their integration,and the amount of effort that a company can expend on them in order to influence the target market.5.Four Ps’of marketing mix: Product(include quality, features, style, brand name, size, packaging,services and guarantee.)Place(includes such factors as distribution channels, locations of points of sale,transport,inventory size)Promotion(it groups together advertising,publicity,sales promotion,and personal selling)Price(includes the basic list price,discounts,the length of the payment period,possible credit terms,and so on)6.Producer/industrial/business Market: consisting of all the individuals and organizations that acquire goods and services that are used in the production of other goods,or in the supply of services others.7.target market: refers to a groups of people or organizations at which a firm directs a marketing program.8.Selling: assumes that resisting consumers have to be persuaded by vigorous hard-selling techniques to buy non-essential goods or services.9.Marketing: assumes that the producer’s task is to find wants and fill them.Unit 11 1.word-of mouth advertising（口頭廣告）which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased.2.institutional/prestige advertising(機(jī)構(gòu)/信譽(yù)廣告)which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products.3.a brief: a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign.4.overall advertising strategy： it concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers.5.a media plan: specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.Unit 12 1.develop product or brand awareness: inform potential customers(and distributors,dealers and retailers)about the product’s existence,its feature,its advantages,and so on.2.promotion tools: advertising, public relations, sales promotion,or personal selling 3.public relations(PR):is

concerned

with maintaining, improving or protecting the image of a company or product.4.publicity(the most important element of PR): which is any mention of a company’s products that is not paid for,in any medium read ,viewed or heard by a company’s customers or potential customers,aimed at assisting sales.5.sales promotions such as free samples, coupons,price reductions, competitions, and so on,are temporary tactics designed to stimulate either earlier or stronger sales of a product.6.personal selling is the most expensive promotion tool, and is generally only used sparingly, eg.as a complement to advertising.Unit 13 1.accounting: interpreting，process

of

measuring, financial

communicating information to enable people inside and outside the firm to make informed.2.historical cost accounting歷史成本會計: which records assets at their original purchase price,minus accumulated depreciation charges.3.current cost or replacement cost accounting重置成本會計: which values assets(and related expenses like depreciation)at the price that would have to be paid to replace them(or to buy a more modern equivalent)today.4.the profit and loss account or income statement損益表 shows earnings and expenditure.It usually gives figures for total sales or turnover,and cost,expenses and overheads.5.利益的流向：to the government in taxation, to shareholders as a dividend, retained by the company.6:the balance sheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 shows a company’s financial situation on a particular date,generally the last day of the financial year.It lists the company’s assets,its long-term and short-term liabilities,and shareholders’ funds.7.intangible assets無形資產(chǎn),whose value is difficult to quantify or turn into cash,such as goodwill,patents,copyrights and trade marks.8.tangible assets有形資產(chǎn): plant, equipment, cash, real estate 9.the basic accounting equation會計恒等式: Assets=Liabilities+owners’ Equity, this can be rewritten as Assets-Liabilities=owners’ Equity or Net Assets 10.Net Assets

凈資產(chǎn) includes share capital,share premium or paid-in surplus,and the company’s reserves.11.company’s market capitalization公司市場資本化: the total value of its shares at any given time, ie.shares times their market price.12.double-entry bookkeeping復(fù)式簿記: that all transactions are entered as a credit in one account and as a debit in another.13.the funds flow statement or source and application of funds statement(GB)or the statement of changes in financial position(US)資金流量表：It shows the flow of cash in and out of the business between balance sheet dates.14.Sources of funds include trading profits, depreciation

provisions，sales

of

assets, borrowing, and the issuing of shares.15.Applications of funds include purchases of fixed or financial assets, payment of dividends, repayment of loans,and-in a bad year-trading losses.Unit 14 1.Commercial or retail banks are business that trade in money, they receive and hold deposits, pay money according to customers’

instructions,lend money, offer investment advice, exchange foreign currencies and so on.2.investment banks raise funds for industry on the various

financial

markets，finance international trade, issue and underwrite securities, deal with take overs and mergers,and issue government bonds.3.A Eurocurrency is any currency held outside its country of origin.Unit 15 1.A limited company is a legal entity separated from its owners,and is only liable for the amount of capital that has been invested in it.2.Articles of Association公司章程,which set out the duties of directors and the rights of shareholders.Unit 17 1.Futures markets期貨市場 on which contracts can be made to buy and sell commodities, currencies, and various financial assets,at a future date,but with the price fixed at the time of the deal.2.A call option看漲期權(quán) gives the right to buy securities(or currency or a commodity)at a certain price during a certain period of time.3.A put option 看跌期權(quán)gives the right to sell an asset at a certain price during a certain period of time.

第五篇：國際商務(wù)英語總結(jié)-

國際商務(wù)英語培訓(xùn)個人總結(jié)

我很榮幸能能被集團(tuán)公司列入千人計劃，七個月的商務(wù)英語培訓(xùn)轉(zhuǎn)眼即逝，通過這七個月的培訓(xùn)，我受益匪淺。在這兒不緊把我的英語大幅度的提升，還學(xué)習(xí)了和中國不同的西方商務(wù)禮儀，并結(jié)交了集團(tuán)公司各方面的精英，為我以后在國際上工作奠定了堅實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，同時也能為公司奉獻(xiàn)自己更大的力量！

因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)工作好幾年，英語可以說幾乎忘光了。剛來到這兒的時候第一節(jié)課接觸的就是外教，上課間沒有一句漢語，這讓我很難明白外教的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。記得第一次上交流課時，我每說一句英語都要提前查一下單詞并思考一下語句，并且從第一句話開始我已經(jīng)開始冒汗！所以我需要更加努力，首先我定制了屬于我自己的計劃，上課努力去聽的同時我需要記下生詞，直到能熟練運(yùn)用。漸漸的我能聽懂外教的課程并且慢慢融入整個課堂！

通過這次英語的培訓(xùn)總結(jié)了以下幾點(diǎn):

1、學(xué)語言是枯燥乏味的，且沒有捷徑。盡管不能否認(rèn)，好的教材，輔助設(shè)備，老師，環(huán)境，以及個人的恒心乃至天分，都對學(xué)好外語有一定作用。然而絕不存在一種超越一切普通方法的神招妙術(shù)。國內(nèi)流行過無數(shù)的國外英語教材和五花八門的學(xué)習(xí)方法，然而無不是曇花一現(xiàn)。常識和專家早就告訴我們：學(xué)外語和學(xué)其他一種技能一樣，只能靠日積月累，無論什么方法都一樣。

2、“成功”與否取決于具體目標(biāo)。十個學(xué)外語的人大概就有十種不同的目地。例如考級，職稱，學(xué)分，工作需要，留學(xué)，進(jìn)入外企，上網(wǎng)瀏覽，乃至于看懂產(chǎn)品說明書等等。目的不同，所要投入的時間和精力也大不相同。例如對于一個受過中等以上教育，除了“ABC”之外基本沒有英語基礎(chǔ)的人，看懂簡短的英語的產(chǎn)品說明書也只需半小時。要通過英語六級則需不止幾個半小時甚至幾天。若要達(dá)到和自己的母語一樣的水平，能夠在國外進(jìn)行商務(wù)談判，唯一的辦法就是不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，天天使用。

3、學(xué)習(xí)的方法和側(cè)重點(diǎn)也取決于學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)。我感到國內(nèi)目前流行的英語教學(xué)方式太強(qiáng)調(diào)聽，說，讀，寫面面俱到的訓(xùn)練。其實(shí)絕大多數(shù)英語學(xué)習(xí)者是沒有或很少有機(jī)會“說”和“寫”的。因此這種訓(xùn)練往往是事倍功半。因?yàn)閷W(xué)得再好不用很快就忘記了。對于絕大多數(shù)人來說，“聽、說”是唯一有實(shí)際效用，也是唯一能夠盡快掌握的技能。通過我堅持不懈的努力，語音標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，能用英語表述流暢，通曉英語的基本語法，并通過后期的FDIC課程，掌握了一定數(shù)量的工程英語詞匯。能夠適應(yīng)集團(tuán)公司在國外從事國際工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)對外語的需求，具有勝任各項(xiàng)任務(wù)的能力。掌握了常用商務(wù)信函格式，能夠撰寫各類商務(wù)信函，對在不同文化背景下對信函準(zhǔn)確內(nèi)涵的理解。并了解了國際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和國際商務(wù)知識，世界地緣政治。了解了國外及東道國的地理位置、自然條件、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施狀況、具有在東道國進(jìn)行國際工程項(xiàng)目組織管理的能力。提高了英語的綜合運(yùn)用能力，能夠熟練的運(yùn)用英語解決國際工程建設(shè)中的各種商務(wù)問題。并了解團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的精神，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的意義與作用，具有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的組織與管理能力。

尤為重要的一點(diǎn)，使我們進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)略了集團(tuán)公司的“走出去戰(zhàn)略”的發(fā)展理念。如果可以的話，希望自己能夠在國外為公司創(chuàng)造更多的榮譽(yù)，灑下更多的汗水，為我們公司的蓬勃發(fā)展獻(xiàn)出點(diǎn)滴的貢獻(xiàn)！讓公司更上一層樓。

耿士超

2016年6月29日