第一篇:小學(xué)二年級上學(xué)期英語語法總結(jié)
語法總結(jié)
(一)1.play 與球類搭配時,中間不加the 例如: play football
踢足球
play basketball
打籃球
2. play 與樂器搭配時,中間要加the 例如: play the flute 吹笛子、演奏笛子
play the drums 打鼓
注:play 與樂器搭配時,中間加the,但是也可以加像her,his,my,your,等形容詞性物主代詞。這一點將在以后學(xué)形容詞性物主代詞時再講解,暫時了解就可以。
常見的錯誤:
play the football
錯誤
play the basketball
錯誤
play
flute
錯誤
play
drums
錯誤
3.要想表達(dá):“在某個季節(jié)”,那么直接在季節(jié)前加in
例如:
in spring 在春季
in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
常見的錯誤: in the summer
(錯誤)at winter
(錯誤)at the spring
(錯誤)on autumn
(錯誤)
4.要想表達(dá):“在早、中、晚”,那么用in the 再加上早中晚
例如: in the morning
在早晨、在上午
in the afternoon
在中午、在下午
in the evening
在晚上 常見的錯誤:
in morning(錯誤)at afternoon(錯誤)in evening
(錯誤)
注:
night 特殊,要用at
例如: at night 在晚上
5.在幾點鐘前面要用at,無論是整點、半點、還是幾點幾分,都在時間前直接加at。
例如: at five o’clock 在五點
at half past eleven 在十一點半
at twelve ten 在十二點十分 常見的錯誤:at the five o’clock
錯誤
in half past ten
錯誤
on the ten o’clock 錯誤 6.在城市、國家等大地點前面直接加in,并且城市、國家的首字母需要大寫。
例如:in China 在中國
in England 在英國
in Beijing 在北京
in Daqing 在大慶 常見的錯誤:
in the China(錯誤)
at England
(錯誤)
on Beijing
(錯誤)
at the Daqing
(錯誤)
7. 什么事第三人稱單數(shù)?
(1)he(2)she(3)it(4)一個名字如:Daming,Amy,Lingling 等等
(5)能用he,she,it 代替的詞,如my father(可以用he 代替)
my mother(可以用she 代替)
the little cat(可以用it 代替)
等等 8 第三人稱單數(shù)的用法:
當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞要用單數(shù)形式。
例如: She likes English.(因為主語she 是第三人稱單數(shù))
My father goes to work by bus.(因為主語 my father 是第三人稱單數(shù))
The little boy reads books at the weekend.(因為主語 the little boy 是第三人稱單數(shù))He listens to CDs in the morning.(因為主語 he 是第三人稱單數(shù))
注意比較:
I like English.(like 不需要變成likes,因為I 不是第三人稱單數(shù))。
You read books in the evening.(read不需要變成reads,因為you 不是第三人稱單數(shù))。
They play football in the afternoon.(play 不需要變成plays,因為they 不是第三人稱單數(shù))。
We watch TV at the weekend.(watch 不需要變成watches,因為we不是第三人稱單數(shù))。
Lingling and Sam play basketball at the park.(paly不需要變成plays,因為Lingling and Sam不是第三人稱單數(shù))。9.用什么提問,就用什么回答
例如:(1)Do you like basketball?
Yes, I do.Yes, we do.No, I don't.No, we don’t.因為Do 提問,所以,do 回答。
(2)Does he play with Amy?
Yes, he does.No, he doesn’t.因為Does提問,所以does 回答。
(3)Is he ten?
Yes, he is.No, he isn’t.注: 用Are you 提問特殊
例如:Are you a boy ?
Yes,I am.No, I am not.Yes, we are.No, we are not.因為you 有兩個意思。
當(dāng)“你”講時,回答要用I,因此后面要加am 當(dāng)“你們”講時,回答要用we,因此后面要加 are 10.表示乘坐某種交通工具,用by 直接加交通工具
例如: by bus
坐公交畫車
by car
做小汽車
by bike
騎自行車
by train
坐火車
by plane
坐飛機
by boat by ship
乘船 常見錯誤: by the bike
by a train
11.表示想要做某事,用want to 加動詞原形
例如:I want to watch TV.They want to go to Beijing.He wants to have breakfast.(因為he 是第三人稱單數(shù),所以want要加s,又因為want to 后面要求加動詞原形,所以用have,不用has)
但是如果就想表達(dá):“想要某物”直接用want,不需要加to。
例如:I want a book.He wants two desks.12.節(jié)日、城市、國家、人名等詞叫專有名詞,它們的首字母都要大寫。
例如: China 中國
Beijing 北京
Christmas 圣誕節(jié)
Lingling 玲玲 13.football 和 footballer的區(qū)別
football是足球 footballer是足球隊員 例如常考題型:(1)I play _____.A football
B footballer
答案:A
(2)I am a ______.A football
B footballer
答案:B 14.本冊書其他常考短語:
at the weekend 在周末
on holiday
度假
at Chinese New Year 在中國新年(指的是在春節(jié))at New Year
在新年(指的是在元旦)listen to CDs
聽唱片 listen to music
聽音樂 watch TV
看電視 送給某人某件禮物或物品時要用for 例如:A present for you.送你一件禮物。
A book for you.送你一本書。
An eraser for you.送你一塊橡皮。
Two pens for you.送你兩支鋼筆。
Ten rulers for you.送你兩把尺子。
回答時用Thank you.16.詢問時間用:What’s the time?
回答用:It’s-----.例如:--What’s the time?
--It’s five o’clock.--What’s the time?
--It’s half past nine..
第二篇:小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)
語法及練習(xí)1be動詞
Be 動詞的用法:
(1)Am--was Is--was Are--were 口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,復(fù)數(shù)全用are。
(2)肯定和否定句 I am(not)from London.He is(not)a teacher.She is(not)in the dining room.My hair is(not)long.Her eyes are(not)small.(3)一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動詞填空。
1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack's sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?
6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father?
8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this?
10.Whose socks ______ they?
語法及練習(xí)2 人稱代詞和物主代詞
人稱代詞和物主代詞
1.人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別:主格通常位于句中第一個動詞之前(有時候位于than 之后),賓格一般位于動詞或介詞之后。
2.物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別:形容詞性用時后面一般要帶上名詞,名詞性則單獨使用,后面不帶名詞。
一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.That is not _________ kite.That kite is very small, but _________ is very big.(I)
2.The dress is _________.Give it to _________.(she)
3.Is this _________ watch?(you)No, it’s not _________.(I)
4._________ is my brother.________ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _________.(he)
5._________ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _________?(you)
語法及練習(xí)3 名詞復(fù)數(shù)和動詞三單
一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
練習(xí):寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
I _________him _________this _______her ______watch _______ book_______
child _______ photo ________ diary ______day________foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______woman_______ paper_______ people________
二.動詞三單的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
練習(xí): 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。
drink ________go _______stay ________make ________look _________
have_______pass_______carry ____come________watch______
plant_______fly ________study_______brush________teach_______
語法及練習(xí)4 一般現(xiàn)在時
一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹
一般現(xiàn)在時的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1.be動詞:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一個男孩。
2.行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時,要在動詞后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。一般現(xiàn)在時的變化
1.be動詞的變化。否定句:主語+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問句:Be +主語+其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行為動詞的變化。否定句:主語+ don't(doesn't)+動詞原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.一般疑問句:Do(Does)+主語+動詞原形+其它。
如:-Do you often play football?Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:How does your father go to work?
一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練:
一、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.He often ________(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be)in Class One.3.We _______(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like)the World Cup?
語法及練習(xí)5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定句在be后加not。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞不達(dá)意 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing?
但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為: 疑問詞不達(dá)意 + be + 動詞ing?
動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時專項練習(xí):
一、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空:
1.The boy __________________(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _______________(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _________________(cook)some nice food now.4.What _____ you ______(do)now?
5.Look.They _______________(have)an English lesson.語法及練習(xí)6 將來時
將來時
一、概念:
表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be going to + do; ②will+ do.三、否定句:在be動詞(am, is, are)l后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑問句: be或will提到句首,some改為any, and改為or,第一二人稱互換。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend.→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、對劃線部分提問:一般情況,一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。
1.問人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2.問干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.問什么時候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed?
六、同義句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).= I will go swimming tomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.What ___________(d0)you do last Sunday? I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday? I ______________(milk)cows.2.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.3.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.4.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.5.I ________________(plan)for my study now.語法及練習(xí)7 一般過去時
一般過去時
1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。
2.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:
⑴am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)
⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3.句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子
否定句:didn’t +動詞原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句:⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語時:疑問詞+動詞過去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
動詞過去式變化規(guī)則:
1.一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不規(guī)則動詞過去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
過去時綜合練習(xí)
一、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.It ______(be)Ben’s birthday last Friday.2.We all ______(have)a good time last night.3.He ________(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.Helen ________(milk)a cow on Friday.5.She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday.(read)
語法及練習(xí)8 There be 句型與have, has
There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主語是單數(shù),be 動詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù),be 動詞用are;如有幾件物品,be 動詞根據(jù)最*近be 動詞的那個名詞決定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調(diào)到句首。
4、there be句型與have(has)的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人擁有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑問句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運用:and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑問句。
7、針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是: How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語? How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?
8、針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是: What’s + 介詞短語?
Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”
1.I________a good father and a good mother.2.____________a telescope on the desk.3.He_________a tape-recorder.4._____________a basketball in the playground.5.She__________some dresses.6.They___________a nice garden.7.What do you___________?
8.______________a reading-room in the building?
9.What does Mike___________?
10.______________any books in the bookcase?
11.My father_________a story-book.12._______________a story-book on the table.13._______________any flowers in the vase?
14.How many students____________in the classroom?
第三篇:小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)
小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)
在小升初備戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵時刻,同學(xué)們一定要把各科的知識點進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的整理,讓自己的知識立體化、結(jié)構(gòu)化。丁博士幫同學(xué)們整理了小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)。
小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)
一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
名詞按其數(shù),可分兩種:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則:
1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞,在詞后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y 為i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country-countries
4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的,變f或fe為v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以o 結(jié)尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,二、時態(tài)小結(jié)
時態(tài)定義特征動詞的變化規(guī)則
一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作.every day/morning/?
usually第三人稱單數(shù)的變化情況:
1.一般情況在詞尾直接加-s
2.以ch,sh,s,x或o結(jié)尾的詞加-es
3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,將y改成i再加-es
一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況.yesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/month
a minute ago/an hour ago
this morning/afternoon/evening動詞過去式的變化情況:
1.一般情況在詞尾直接加-ed
2.以e結(jié)尾的詞加-d
3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,將y改成i再加-ed
4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最后一個字母加-ed
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作.now/ look/ listen現(xiàn)在分詞的變化情況:
1.一般情況在詞尾直接加-ing
2.以e結(jié)尾的詞,去掉e再加-ing
3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最后一個字母加-ing
一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的事情tomorrow
the day after tomorrow/
the next day/Monday?
at the weekend/tonight
tomorrow night/morning/afternoon主要構(gòu)成be going to/will + 動詞原形
be +形容詞
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用動詞的原形完整版的小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié),請點擊鏈接在優(yōu)教網(wǎng)上免費下載>>小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié).doc小學(xué)英語語法口訣
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時用法
主語在句首,am, is, are跟在后,現(xiàn)在分詞跟著走,其他成分不可丟。
表示動作正進(jìn)行,句中now時間定。
一般問句,把be提到句前去。
否定句式也簡單,be后只把not添。
特殊疑問句用法
What用途廣,要問“什么”它當(dāng)先。(What’s this?)How開頭來“問安”。(How are you?)
Who問“誰”。(Who’s that man?)
“誰的”Whose來承擔(dān)。(Whose eraser is this?)詢問“某地”用Where。(Where is her cat?)“哪一個”Which句首站。(Which one?)
動詞加-s或-es方法歌訣
動詞三單現(xiàn)在式,一般詞尾加-s。
s, x, ch, sh在詞尾,直接加上-es。
詞尾若是字母o,加上-es不用愁。
“輔音字母+y“來結(jié)尾,變y為i是正規(guī)。-es后邊緊跟隨,study→studies看明白。“be going to”的用法口訣
be going to, 表打算,準(zhǔn)備、計劃將干。
表可能,有必然,通過現(xiàn)象來推斷。
使用它,要注意,疑問形式be提前。
否定句,更簡單,not放在be后邊。
to之后,動原形,be的形式看人稱。
下列詞,要注意,come go和離去(leave)
進(jìn)行時,表將來,牢牢記住莫忘記。
祈使句用法
祈使句,祈使句,請求、命令或建議。
主語是you常省去,動詞原形開頭記。否定形式要注意,句首要把Don’t加。要講客氣用please,句首句末沒關(guān)系。過去式之歌
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過去式加-ed,少量不規(guī)則分別記,am和is對was,二人稱復(fù)數(shù)are變were,have和has用had,do和does變did。規(guī)則動詞過去式構(gòu)成方法口訣
過去式構(gòu)成有方法,一般詞尾把-ed加。如果詞尾有個e,直接加d就可以。
“輔音字母+y”在詞尾,變y為i加ed。“一輔重閉”作尾巴,雙寫之后-ed加。have/has的用法口訣
動詞have表示“有”,位置就在主語后。“三單”主語用has,其他人稱用have。There be句型用法口訣
There be句型有特點,主語放在be后邊。主語單數(shù)用is,復(fù)數(shù)主語要用are。變否定,很簡單,be后要把not添。變問句也不難,把be提到there前。
肯定句中用some,否定/疑問要用any換。
第四篇:小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)
小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)
1.人稱代詞
主格: I we you she he it they
賓格: me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1)一般在形容詞或副詞后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2)多音節(jié)詞前+more
more interesting, etc.(3)雙寫最后一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.(4)把y變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5)不規(guī)則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +yf or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5.縮略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6.a/an
a book,a peachan eggan hour
7.Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示時間: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the eveningin December in winter
8.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9.Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10.be 動詞
(1)Basic form: am/are/is
(2)肯定和否定句 I am(not)from London.My eyes are(not)small.My hair is(not)long.(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.11.there be 結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句: There is a ?There are …
一般疑問句:Is there ?? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.Are there…? Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.否定句: There isn’t ?.There aren’t….12.祈使句
Sit down pleaseDon’t sit down, please.13.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時.通常用“now”.形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not)doing my homework.You/We/They are(not)reading.He/She/It is(not)eating.動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e-e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming一般現(xiàn)在時。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.初中英語中的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞-
英語中的名詞按其表示的事物性質(zhì)的不同可分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。這兩種名詞在用法上是有區(qū)別的,現(xiàn)歸納如下:
一、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分,如:map → maps onion → onions baker → bakers
不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式。如:some water a lot of bread
二、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時,前面要用不定冠詞 a(an);而不可數(shù)名詞不能用 a(an).如:
Li Hong is a driver.I am a teacher.李紅是一名司機,我是一名教師。
We can't see milk on the table.我們看不見桌上有牛奶。
[ 友情提醒 ] 在表示特指時,不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞前都要用定冠詞 the.如:
Pass me the ball,please.請把球傳給我。
The chicken on the plate is yours.盤子里的雞肉是你的。
三、可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時可用 many 等詞修飾。如:
many apples a lot of tomatoes a few pens
不可數(shù)名詞則要用 much、a little 等詞修飾。如:
much meat a little breadlittle water
[ 友情提醒 ] 這兩類名詞都可以被 some、any、a lot of(lost of)等修飾。如: some eggs/ paper(紙)。
A lot of(lots of)knives / orange juice
四、可數(shù)名詞前通常可用具體的數(shù)詞來修飾。如:
three women
ten babies
不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時,必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用,即“數(shù)詞 + 表示數(shù)量的名詞(可數(shù)名詞)+ of + 不可數(shù)名詞”。如:
two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶
five pieces of bread 五片面包
五、可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)須保持一致。不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。如:
There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米飯。
All the students are in the classroom.所有的學(xué)生都在教室里。
[ 友情提醒 ] 如果不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語修飾時,謂語動詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: There are two bags of rice in the room.房間里有兩袋子大米。
六、對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how many ;對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用 how much,但對
不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時要用 how many.如:
I can see two pictures on the wall.→ How many pictures can you see on the wall?
There is a lot of pork in the basket.→ How much pork is there in the basket?
I want three glasses of water.→ How many glasses of water do you want?
七、另外,有些集合名詞也是可數(shù)中詞,但不同的是,它們以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,如 people,police,family 等;而有些可數(shù)名詞本身就以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),如 clothes,glasses(眼鏡)等;有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,如 Japanese,sheep,Chinese 等。如: The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中國人民勤勞勇敢。
The sports clothes are new.這些運動服是新的。
I have one sheep.He has two sheep.我有一只羊,他有三只羊。
第五篇:八年級上學(xué)期的英語語法總結(jié)(精)
八年級上學(xué)期的英語語法總結(jié)(全部!
一、只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞語有: many, many a(n, a good / great many, a(great / large number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如: Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.開張后的頭幾天,很多人去了那兒。I have been there dozens of times.我已去過那兒很多次了。
There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom.教室里有許多學(xué)生在讀英語。
Many a student has(=many students havevisited the Great Wall.(謂語動詞用單數(shù) 很多學(xué)生都游覽過長城。
In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow.冬天很多動物在雪下冬眠。
注意: many所修飾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前若有限定詞,many 后面要接of, 表示―……中的很多‖。例如: A great many(of the graduates have found jobs.畢業(yè)生中很多人已經(jīng)找到了工作。
二、只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞語有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如: Is there much water in the bucket? 桶里有很多水嗎? He always has a great amount of work to do.他總是有很多工作要做。
三、既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞語有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of(以上三個詞語后謂語動詞的數(shù)依of 后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,a great / large quantity of(其后謂語用單數(shù),quantities of(其后謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。例如: There is still lots of snow in the garden.花園里還有許多雪。There is plenty of rain here.這兒的雨水很多。
A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall.大廳里放了很多鮮花。
There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.櫥柜里有許多食物。
在所有這些表示―很多‖的詞語中many, much 是最常用的詞,它們既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑問句和否定句。例如: Are there many people in the street?
街上有很多人嗎? There isn’t much time left.剩下的時間不多了。
其它的詞語都用于肯定句,日常會話中常用lots of, a lot of 或plenty of;正式文體中常用a great many, a(large number of, a great deal of, scores of 或dozens of 等。但若肯定句中有too, so, as, very或how 等詞修飾時,則必須使用many, much。例如: The number of the people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000.無家可歸的人數(shù)多達(dá)250,000人。There is too much work to do.要做的工作太多了。
或者是這樣的,你自己看下,哪Unit 1 How often do you exercise? Grammar: 特殊疑問句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及用法: 結(jié)構(gòu):特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句,即:特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語/表語(+其他
疑問代詞: 1 Who:誰。做主語,用來指人Who is the boy under the tree? 2Whom 誰,做賓語,用來指人Whom are you writing to? 3 Whose 誰的,用來指所屬關(guān)系,如果做定語,一般后接名詞Whose pen is this? Which 哪個,哪些,用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇Which grils wil l in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now? 疑問副詞: When:何時,詢問時間When will she come back? Where何地,詢問地點,Where do you come from? Why為什么,詢問原因,Why are you late for school? How 如何,詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school? How old多大,詢問年齡,How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少,詢問數(shù)量How many birds are there in the tree? How far多遠(yuǎn),詢問距離,How far is it form your home to school? How long多長,多久,詢問時間的長度或距離How long will you stay in Beijing? How often多長時間按一次,詢問頻率How often do you go to see your grandparents? How soon多久,詢問時間How soon will you come back? 頻率副詞:表示動作發(fā)生的頻率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 What’s the matter with you? Grammar: 1.用have 來描述身體不適have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情態(tài)動詞should,情態(tài)動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后接動詞原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? Grammar:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來一般將來時
表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型―be+doing‖其中be是助動詞,它有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Be: am, is, are.be + v.ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的形式,但用于表示將來。用進(jìn)行時表將來,常用于表示即將來臨的未來預(yù)定要做的事情,一般指個人計劃要做的事。用于此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,結(jié)構(gòu)為―be+doing.‖ I am going shopping this afternoon.二.否定句是在be之后加not.I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.三.一般疑問句是將be置于句首Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are.No, I’m not./ We aren’t.四.特殊疑問句―疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。‖
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping? Who are you going there with? Where is she going? Unit 4 How do you get to school? Grammar: How引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。
How does he get to shool?----He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk?----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles f rom my home to school.How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑問句的簡略結(jié)構(gòu):how about…?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式,用于提出建議、請求或征求意見、詢問消息等。如:How about playing tennis? Unit 5 Can you come to my party? Grammar:情態(tài)動詞can及邀請句式及其問答 情態(tài)動詞can的用法: Can 是最長用的情態(tài)動詞,其后跟動詞原形,can的否定形式為cannot,can’t.can表―能力‖,意思是:能,會I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.can表示能力時可和be able to 互換,be able to有更多的時態(tài),常被用來表示can所不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g.They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.表示―可能性‖,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.表示允許,意思是可以能夠You can have the book when I have finished it.表示―驚訝、不相信等(用于疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中‖。意思是―會、可能。‖
This can’t be true.Can it be true? 如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請
表達(dá)邀請的常用句型: Can you come to…? Could you come to…? Would you like to come to…? Do you want to come to…? 接受邀請的常用句型: Sure.Certainly.OK.I’d love to.謝絕邀請的常用句型: I’m sorry, I can’t.I have to… I’m afraid I can’t.I have to… I don’t think I can.I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.Grammar:形容詞的比較級 規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化(課本P93 than 是比較級中最常見的標(biāo)志詞,意思是―比‖。用于引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am.You are older than me.形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示―……得多‖,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點;even表示―甚至,更加,還要……‖even bigger還要大些, three times表示―…三倍‖,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級,very,so,too, quite 修飾原級Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake? Grammar: 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 一.可數(shù)名詞
英語中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量可數(shù)。其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear.其負(fù)數(shù)形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外,如two bananas, three tomatoes.Many many apples a few students few bags 二.不可數(shù)名詞
1.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時可在不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量詞構(gòu)成的短語。如a bag of…
2.常見的量詞短語有: a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量:much much rain a little little 4.既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有: Lots of= a lot of許多,大量some一些(用于肯定句any 一些(用于否定句和一般疑問句 Unit 8 How was your school trip? Grammar:
一般過去時:指在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…,two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。該時態(tài)在
句中的體現(xiàn)是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞→was/were 否定:wasn’t /weren’t Be動詞句型
一般疑問句:was/were +主語… 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was/were+主語
陳述句:主語+was/were+…(肯定句 否定句:主語 +wasn’t/weren’t+…
行為動詞句型(當(dāng)句中的動詞為行為動詞時,要借助動詞did構(gòu)成一般疑問句和否定句
肯定式:主語+動詞過去式 否定式:主語+didn’t+動詞原形 一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形 特殊疑問句:Did+主語+動詞原形 Unit 9 When was he born? Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句
一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時一樣,不同之處在于須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態(tài),即―特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數(shù)+主語+(表語+其他成分‖或―特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。‖
以when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,對某人的出生年月進(jìn)行提問,句型是: When was/were…born? … was/were born in +時間
When was David beckham born? 大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆是什么時候出 生的?He was born in 1975.二.以 how long 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,對表示某一短時間的狀語 進(jìn)行提問。句型是: How long did + 主語+動詞? How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什么時候開始打嗝? When +did+主語+動詞? Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.Grammar:一般將來時 表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)常 或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。1.be going to + 動詞原形 Sunday? 2.will/shall + 3.be +v.ing 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.What are you going to do next The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4.be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.5.be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? Grammar:情態(tài)動詞 11 情態(tài)動詞,表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態(tài)度,包括可能、懷 疑、允許、愿望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會,may(可以,must(必 須、一定等。情態(tài)動詞的特點:(1情態(tài)動詞有一定詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須和另一個動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語,且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。1.I can speak English.2.She must be a teacher.3.We may go home now.(2變否定句時,直接在情態(tài)動詞后面加 not,無需加助動詞。He can’t play the guitar well.He can’t answer the question.You mustn’t be late.(3含有情態(tài)動詞的句子變一般疑問句時,須將情態(tài)動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?(4can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測,意為“能,會,可以。”can’t, 意為“不能,不會,不可以。”,還有“不可能”之意。--Can you drive? –
Sorry, I can’t.(5can 也可表示請求與邀請 Can you please sweep the floor? Unit12 What’s the best radio station? Grammar:形容詞/副詞的最高級,用于三者或三者以上的人或事 物之間的比較,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一個 “最……”見課 本 p93 語法 the +最高級 She is the tallest of all her classmates.12 It can’t be true.最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及 much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like 等修飾。This hat is by far the biggest.表示最高程度的形容詞,excellent, extreme, prefect 等沒有最高 級也不能用比較級。He is an excellent teacher.形容詞最高級間修飾做表語或介詞并與的名詞代詞是,被修飾的 詞往往省略。He is the youngest(boy in his class.Who/Which +be+最高級,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car? the +序數(shù)詞+最高級 He is the second tallest student in our class.One of the +最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.個完整你選擇哪個吧!13