第一篇：直接引語和間接引語的語法教學(xué)設(shè)計

Direct speech and indirect speech 授課時間：20120925 授課地點：高一（5）班

授課 人：王行盛

一、Teaching contents: Discovering useful structures

二、Teaching goals: make students to master the usages of direct speech and indirect speech

三、Teaching procedures

Step 1: Ask students to look for the sentences of direct speech and indirect speech in the reading text on page 2.Step 2:

Teacher explain in detail：direct speech and indirect speech

A．陳述句的間接引語

直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引述動詞通常是say, tell等。與此同時，間接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)和其他方面也要相應(yīng)有所變化。

The foreigner said to me, “I like Beijing very much.”那老外告訴我：我很喜歡北京。

→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.那老外告訴我說他（她）很喜歡北京。

She said, “We are very fond of sports.” 她說：我們都喜歡體育運動。

→ She said that they were very fond of sports.她說他（她）們都喜歡體運動。

“I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,” he said.他說：我將把語法課再復(fù)習(xí)一遍。

→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again.他說他將要把語法課再復(fù)習(xí)一遍。（that可省略）

B． 疑問句的間接引語

1．一般疑問句和反意疑問句

一般疑問句改為間接引語時，要用陳述語序，并要加連詞if 或 whether，其主句動詞常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。句末不用問號。

My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music ”我老師問我：你喜歡美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂嗎？

→ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music.我老師問我是否喜歡美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂。

“You haven't been to Beijing, have you ?”asked he.他問：你沒去過北，是嗎？

→ He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing.他問我是否去過北京。2．否定的一般疑問句和選擇問句

如果直接引語為否定的一般問句或選擇疑問句時，用whetheror 連接。

She said, “Don't you know my telephone number” 她說：你難道不知道我的電話號碼嗎？

→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.她問我是知道她的電話號碼。

“ Do you like this one or that one?” Tom asked.湯姆問：你是喜歡這個還是那個？ → Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one.湯姆問我是喜歡這個還是那個。

3．特殊疑問句

間接引語為特殊疑問句時，間接引語前仍然用特殊疑問詞作為連詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，注意從句必須用陳述語序，主句謂語動詞常用ask。

He asked, “How do you like it?” 他問：你覺得怎樣？

→ He asked me how I liked it.他問我覺得它怎樣。

She asked me, “ What's the matter with you?” 她問我：你怎么啦？

→ She asked me what was the matter with me.她問我我怎么啦。

“How many books do you have?” she asked.她問：你有多少本書？

→ She asked me how many books I had.她問我有多少本。

C．祈使句的間接引語

1．直接引語為祈使句時，間接引語往往用復(fù)合賓來表示，其結(jié)構(gòu)為主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語（動詞不定式）。引述動詞可根據(jù)口氣選用tell, ask, order, command, request等詞，句中please去掉。

She said to me, “ Please have a rest.” 她對我說：請休息一下。

→ She asked me to have a rest.她要求我休息一下。

“Don't all answer at once,” she said to the pupils.她對學(xué)生說：大家不要齊聲回答。→ She told the pupils not to answer all at once.她叫學(xué)生不要齊聲回答。2．帶有l(wèi)et的祈使句（表示請求，建議或命令），可用suggest +-ing形式或suggest +that從句來表示其相應(yīng)的意思。

“ Let's go for a walk.” said the girl.那姑娘說，讓我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉桨伞?/p>

→ The girl suggested going for a walk.這女孩建議去散散步。

The teacher said, “ Let Lily tidy the classroom.” 老師說：讓莉莉整理教室。

→ The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom.老師建議讓莉莉整理教室。

D．感嘆句的間接引語

直接引語是感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，多采用賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，既可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。

“What a clever boy you are!”my teacher said to him.老師對他說，你是個聰明的孩子啊！

→ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.老師對他說他是一個多聰明的孩子啊。

→ My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.老師說他是一個非常聰明的孩子。

He said, “How well you look!” 他說：你看起來氣色多好啊！

→ He said how well I looked.他說我看起來是氣色多好啊。

→ He said that I looked very well.他說我看起來氣色很好。Step 3

Practice：Do exercise1-2 on page 5 Step 4 Discussion and summary

學(xué)生兩人一組討論本單元的語法現(xiàn)象，列出知識清單，請幾組同學(xué)向全班報告他們總結(jié)的語法。老師點評各組，選出最完整正確的一組，并在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)出本單元的語法。然后完成句子填空、翻譯等活動。Step 5 Homework

Change the 10 sentences from direct speech into indirect speech.1．She said: “He will be busy.”

2．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”

3．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

4．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” 5．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 6．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”

7．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”

8．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.” 9．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”

10．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.

第二篇：直接引語和間接引語的語法教學(xué)設(shè)計

直接引語和間接引語的語法教學(xué)設(shè)計

徐登芳 積石中學(xué)

一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容 Discovering useful structures

二、教學(xué)目標(biāo) 使學(xué)生掌握直接引語變間接引語的方法

教師講解：直接引語變間接引語

A 陳述句的間接引語

直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引述動詞通常是say, tell等。與此同時，間接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)和其他方面也要相應(yīng)有所變化。

The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告訴我：我很喜歡北京。

→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.那老外告訴我說他（她）很喜歡北京。

She said,We are very fond of sports.她說：我們都喜歡體育運動。

→ She said that they were very fond of sports.她說他（她）們都喜歡體運動。

I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said.他說：我將把語法課再復(fù)習(xí)一遍。

→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again.他說他將要把語法課再復(fù)習(xí)一遍。（that可省略）

B． 疑問句的間接引語

1．一般疑問句和反意疑問句

一般疑問句改為間接引語時，要用陳述語序，并要加連詞if 或 whether，其主句動詞常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用問號。My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老師問我：你喜歡美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂嗎？

→ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music.我老師問我是否喜歡美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂。You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he.他問：你沒去過北，是嗎？

→ He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing.他問我是否去過北京。

2．否定的一般疑問句和選擇問句

如果直接引語為否定的一般問句或選擇疑問句時，用whether話號碼嗎？

→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.她問我是知道她的電話號碼。

Do you like this one or that one Tom asked.湯姆問：你是喜歡這個還是那個？

→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one.湯姆問我是喜歡這個還是那個。

3．特殊疑問句

間接引語為特殊疑問句時，間接引語前仍然用特殊疑問詞作為連詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，注意從句必須用陳述語序，主句謂語動詞常用ask。He asked, How do you like it 他問：你覺得怎樣？

→ He asked me how I liked it.他問我覺得它怎樣。

She asked me, What's the matter with you 她問我：你怎么啦？

→ She asked me what was the matter with me.她問我我怎么啦。How many books do you have she asked.她問：你有多少本書？

→ She asked me how many books I had.她問我有多少本。

4.其它

英語中有些疑問句并非提出疑問，而是表示請求、勸告、建議等。這種疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，往往采用其他的形式。

①．suggest doing

Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael.邁克爾說：我們今晚都去看電影，好嗎？

→ Michael suggested going to the film tonight.邁克爾建議今晚都去看電影。

What about having a drink he asked.他問：喝杯怎么樣？

or 連接。

She said, Don't you know my telephone number 她說：你難道不知道我的電 He suggested having a drink.他建議喝一杯。

②．a(chǎn)dvise sb to do

Why don't you go hiking asked James.詹姆士問：你為什么不徒步旅行？ James advised me to go hiking.詹姆士建議我去徒步旅行。

③.offer to do

He said, Would you like me to post the letter 他說：你要我寄信嗎？ He offered to ost the letter.他主動提出寄信。

④．a(chǎn)sk sb to do

Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me.她對我說：勞駕你明天把你的參考書帶來好嗎？

→ She asked me to take my reference book there the next day.她讓我第二天把我的參考書帶去。

C． 祈使句的間接引語

1．直接引語為祈使句時，間接引語往往用復(fù)合賓來表示，其結(jié)構(gòu)為主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語（動詞不定式）。引述動詞可根據(jù)口氣選用tell, ask, order, command, request等詞，句中please去掉。

She said to me, Please have a rest.她對我說：請休息一下。

→ She asked me to have a rest.她要求我休息一下。

Don't all answer at once, she said to the pupils.她對學(xué)生說：大家不要齊聲回答。→ She told the pupils not to answer all at once.她叫學(xué)生不要齊聲回答。

2．帶有l(wèi)et的祈使句（表示請求，建議或命令），可用suggest +-ing形式或suggest +that從句來表示其相應(yīng)的意思。

Let's go for a walk, said the girl.那姑娘說，讓我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉桨伞?/p>

→ The girl suggested going for a walk.這女孩建議去散散步。

The teacher sai, Let Lily tidy the classroom.老師說：讓莉莉整理教室。

→ The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom.老師建議讓莉莉整理教室。

D． 感嘆句的間接引語

1．直接引語是感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，多采用賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，既可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。

What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him.老師對他說，你是個聰明的孩子啊！

→ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.老師對他說他是一個多聰明的孩子啊。

→ My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.老師說他是一個非常聰明的孩子。

He said, How well you look!他說：你看起來氣色多好啊！

→ He said how well I looked.他說我看起來是氣色多好啊。

→ He said that I ooked very well.他說我看起來氣色很好。

2．有些感嘆句可以根據(jù)原句的意思，采用適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌恍栌瞄g接賓語來轉(zhuǎn)述。

Help!he cried.他喊到：救命啊！

→ He called for help.他大聲呼救。

What terrible weather it is!he said.他說：多么糟糕的天氣！

→ He complained about the terrible weather.他抱怨這糟糕的天氣。Happy Chrismas!he said.他說：圣誕快樂！

He wished me a happy Christmas.他祝我圣誕快樂。

設(shè)計意圖：通過講解強(qiáng)化直接引語變間接引語的方法。步驟三

學(xué)生活動：做課本上的練習(xí)1-2（p5）

設(shè)計意圖：通過與課文有關(guān)的信息進(jìn)行直接引語和間接引語結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)化練習(xí)。步驟四 語法知識總結(jié)及鞏固

學(xué)生兩人一組討論本單元的語法現(xiàn)象，列出知識清單，請幾組同學(xué)向全班報告他們總結(jié)的語法。老師點評各組，選出最完整正確的一組，并在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)出本單元的語法。然后完成句子填空、翻譯等活動。設(shè)計意圖：學(xué)生通過以上3個步驟的活動，對直接引語和間接引語結(jié)構(gòu)有了一定的發(fā)現(xiàn)和感受，本步驟促使學(xué)生自己動腦筋思考、總結(jié)語法現(xiàn)象，然后老師進(jìn)行總結(jié)和強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，鞏固效果會更好。步驟五 課后作業(yè)

第三篇：直接引語變間接引語試題

Mr.green said to them,“Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job” He said,“We insisted that she start immediately” She said,“He demanded that the girl leave at once” I said to him,“I have finished it” She said to us,“I'll come here tomorrow” “Where does your chemistry teacher live ,Karen?”the young man asked.“I ave gained the first place in the mathematics competition ,”the little boy said happily.“ ”Light travels faster than sound,“the physics teacher said to the boys and girls” “Will you ge to the concert with me this evening?”Mary asked me.“What did you do here yesterday ?”the old man asked my brother Lana said ,“I am mad at Marcia” “I go to the library every saturday”Tom said “I will have birthday for him on Firday night”Said Mary “Do you like watching soap operas?” Tony asked me.“What were you doing when the UFO arrived?”The reporter asked me.“Will there be robots in people's homes?”Joan asked Our teacher said to us “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

John said to Tony.“Can you speak a little slowly?” The radio says.“Tomorrow will be sunny.” “Why do you like koalas?”Lucy asked me “I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he.He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”

23.“How do you like the food here?” said she.24.She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.”

25.“Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.請在下列空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，使句意不變。

1． She said, “Are you from the south?”

She asked ________ I ________ from the south.2.Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.”

Mom ________ me ________ ________ tell a lie.3． Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”

Susan told me that ________ ________ ________ the Red Star

Farm ________ ________ ________.4． Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”

Mr Paul ________ us that light ________ faster than sound.5． “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.The manager ________ him ________ ________ and post the letters.6."Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)殚g接引語）He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．

7.Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.(改為間接引語)Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.Mr.green said to them that Joe told him all about his story when he asked for a job.2 He said that they were insisted that she start immediately.3 She said that He demanded that the girl leave at once.4 I said to him that I had finished it.5 She said to us that she would come here the next day.6 The young man asked Karen Where your chemistry teacher lived.7 the little boy said happily He had gained the first place in the mathematics competition the physics teacher said to the boys and girls that Light travels faster than sound.9 Mary asked me if I would get to the concert with her that evening.10 the old man asked my brother What you did here yesterday.11 Lana said she was mad at Marcia.12 Tom said he went to the library every saturday.13Tom said he would have birthday for him on Firday night.14 Tony asked me if you liked watching soap operas.15The reporter asked me What you were doing when the UFO arrived.16 Joan asked there would be robots in people's homes.17 Our teacher said to us a friend in need was a friend indeed.78 John said to Tony if you could speak a little slowly.19 The radio says Tomorrow would be sunny.20 Lucy asked me Why I liked koalas.21.He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail.22.He asked me if I was going home that weekend.23.She asked how I liked the food there.24.She told me not to ride in the street.25 The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.II.1.if / whether;was 2.told;not to 3.they had visited;the week before 4.told;travels 5.told;to go 6.if;need 7.if came

第四篇：直接引語與間接引語教案

語法

直接引語與間接引語

1.間接引語的概念和變化規(guī)律

①間接引語是用自己的話去轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。

②引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話時，采用兩種形式：一是一字不改的將別人的話加以引用，這叫直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，這叫做間接引語。一般地講，直接引語須放在括號內(nèi)，間接引語不必用引號，而用賓語從句表達(dá)。例：She said“I was ill yesterday”.她說：“昨天我病了。”

→She said that she had been ill the day before.她說她前一天病了。⒉直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場作相應(yīng)的變動。例：He said ,“I am busy.” →He said that he was busy.⒊間接引語中動詞時態(tài)的變化。

① 當(dāng)引述的動詞為現(xiàn)在時形式，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)不變。例：Tom says,“Our teacher is kind to us.”

→Tom says that their teacher is kind to them.② 當(dāng)引述動詞為過去時形式時，間接引語中的動詞作如下變化： 一般現(xiàn)在時→一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時→過去進(jìn)行時 現(xiàn)在完成時→過去完成時一般過去時→過去完成時 過去完成時→不變一般將來時→過去將來時 例：He said,“I will leave for Beijing tomorrow”.→He said that he would leave for Beijing the next day.注：如果所轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容表示客觀真理或有表示某一具體時間的狀語，間接引語中動詞的時態(tài)不變。

例：The teacher said,“The earth is round.”老師說：“地球是圓的。” →The teacher said that the earth is round.例：He said,“I was born in 1980.”他說：“我出生于1980年。” →He said that he was born in 1980.⒋直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和表示“方向”動詞的變化。（略）

⒌直接引語是是陳述句時，間接引語用that引導(dǎo)為賓語從句。

直接引語是陳述時，間接引語用that 引導(dǎo)，但在口語中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語和狀語等要作相應(yīng)變化。例：She said to me,“I came back an hour ago.”她對我說：“我一小時以前回來的。” →She told me that she had come back an hour before.注：直接引語是陳述句時，主句動詞“said to sb”可以改為“told sb.”,也可不變。

⒍直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句時，間接引語中用whether或if引導(dǎo)。① 原句若為一般疑問句時，則用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述；原句若為選擇疑問句時，用whether…or../…or not;原句若為反意疑問句，則常用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述.② 疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。③ 主句中的謂語動詞為said時，要改為asked；沒有間接引語時，可以加一個間接賓語（如me ,him等）。④ 句末用句號。

⑤ 從句中的人稱、動詞時態(tài)和狀語等也要作相應(yīng)變化。例：He said,“Are you interested in English?”他說：“你對英語感興趣嗎？” →He asked me if/whether I was interested in English.⒎直接引語為特殊疑問句時，間接引語用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo)。

如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時，仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo)，其余的變化同直接引語為一般疑問句中的情況②-⑤條一樣。“What is your name?”he asked me.他問我：“你叫什么名字？” →He asked me what my name was.⒏直接引語是祈使句時，在間接引語中用作賓語補足語。

① 須將原祈使句中謂語動詞變成不定式；如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定時的否定形式，即在不定式前面加not。

② 原主句謂語動詞said 須改為asked,told,ordered,warned或advised等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補的及物動詞，③ 原句有“please”時，主句謂語多用asked（請求）。

總之，直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)：“主語+asked/+told/advised sb.(not)to do sth.”

⒐直接引語是感嘆句時，間接引語可用what/how或that為引導(dǎo)詞。

直接引語是感嘆句變間接引語時刻仍用what/how引導(dǎo)，次序不變，也可用that引導(dǎo)，將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞從句。

例：She said,“What a lovely day it is!” →She said what a lovely day it was.

第五篇：直接引語變間接引語常用的三種情況

直接引語變間接引語常用的三種情況

1、陳述句變成間接引語（1）“I am a teacher“ she said.She said that she was a teacher.“You don't tell her my telephone number” he said.He said(that)I didn't tell her his telephone number.要注意時態(tài)的變化

一般現(xiàn)在時變成一般過去時。一般過去時變成過去完成時，現(xiàn)在完成時變成過去完成時，一般將來時變成過去將來時，this 變成that these變成those, here 變成there ,today變成that day, yesterday 變成the day before, tomorrow 變成next day, the day after tomorrow變成in two days' time，now 變成then等等。

2、將一般疑問句變成間接引語

在這樣的句子中要加“if“ “是否”的意思。（1)”Are you a student?“ She asked me if I was a student.她問我是否是一位學(xué)生。

將原來的疑問句放在if 后面,但語順變成肯定式的語順。另外 還可以用whether 來表示。She asked me whether I was a student.1 / 11

(2)”Did you finish your work yesterday?“ He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.3.將特殊疑問句變成間接引語 ”What time is it?“ He asked me what time it was.”When will you go to town?“ He asked me when would I go to town.在這樣的句子里除疑問詞放在間接引語的前面外，后面也是陳述句的語序。

注意，間接引語中的that 可以省略。

一、如何變?nèi)朔Q：

下面有一句順口溜“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：

She said.”My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：

He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?”→He asked

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Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：

Mr.Smith said。“Jack is a good worker。”→Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker。

二、如何變時態(tài)：

直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。現(xiàn)在時它需改為過去時態(tài)；過去時態(tài)改為完成時；過去完成時則保留原來的時態(tài)。如：

1)She said.“I have lost a pen.”→She said she had lost a pen 2)She said.“We hope so.”→She said they hoped so.3)She said.“He will go to see his friend。”→She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。①直接引語是客觀真理。

“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

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②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時，時態(tài)不變。如：

Jack said.”John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：

Xiao Wang said.”I was born on April 2l, 1980。“ →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

④直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：

He said, ”I get up at six every morning。“ →He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如： Peter said.”You had better come have today。“ →Peter said I had better go there that day。

三、如何變狀語：

直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來（”例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday。變?yōu)?the day before）地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼（”例：this 改

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為that),如：

He said, ”These books are mine.“ →He said those books were his.四、如何變句型：

①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：She said, ”O(jiān)ur bus will arrive in five minutes.“→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如：He said, ”Can you swim, John?“ →He asked John if he could swim.”You have finished the homework, haven?t you?“ my mother asked.→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.”Do you go to school by bus or by bike?“ →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。

She asked me, ”When do they have their dinner?“→ She asked me when they had their dinner.5 / 11

④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為”tell(ask, order, beg等)sb(not)to do sth.“句型。如：

”Don?t make any noise,“ she said to the children.→She told(ordered)the children not to make any noise.”Bring me a cup of tea, please,“ said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.⑤直接引語如果是以“Let?s”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest +動句詞（或從句）。”如： He said, ”Let?s go to the film.“ →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做間接引語。例如：

John said, ”I?m going to London with my father.“ 約翰說：”我要和父親到倫敦去。（“引號內(nèi)是直接引語）John said that he was going to London with his father.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語）由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，分以下情況：

1． 直接引語是陳述句時

間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（口語中that可以省略），主句的引述動詞主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain，6 / 11

think等。

He said , ”You are younger than I.“-?He said(that)I was younger than him.2.直接引語是疑問句時

間接引語為陳述語序：主句的謂語動詞say 改為ask,或改為wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1）一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

She said, ”Do you often come here to read newspapers?“ →She asked me if(或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , ”You have seen the film, haven?t you?“ →She asked me whether(或if)I had seen the film.（2）選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether….or 賓語從句。I asked him, ”Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?“ →I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。He asked , ”Where do you live?“ →He asked me where I lived.7 / 11

3.直接引語是祈使句時 間接引語為不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等動詞的賓語補足語（don?t 變?yōu)閚ot）.The teacher said to the boy, ”O(jiān)pen the window.“→The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , ”Don?t leave the door open.“→His father told him not to leave the door open.[注意]（1）有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等動詞 加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如： He said, ”Let?s go to the theatre.“

→He suggested(our)going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should)go to the theatre.(2)”Would you mind opening the window?“ he asked.→He asked me to open the window.”Why don?t you take a walk after supper?“ he asked.→he advised me to take a walk after supper.”Shall we listen to the music?“ he asked.→He suggested listening to the music.4.直接引語是感嘆句時

間接引語為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。She said, ”What a lovely day it is!“

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→She said what a lovely day it was.或She said that it was a lovely day.5．如果主句謂語動詞為各種現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，則間接引語中的動詞仍保持直接引語原來時態(tài)。如果主句謂語動詞為過去時，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)按下列變化：

（1）一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時（3）一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時（4）現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時（5）一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時

（6）過去完成時不變，仍為過去完成時 [注意]（1）如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如： The teacher said ”The earth goes round the sun.“ →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2）如果直接引語中有明確表示過時間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般過去時不改為過去完成時。如： He said to me, ”I was born in 1973.“ →He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引語所述事實在當(dāng)時和目前同樣生效，變

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為間接賓語時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如： He said, ”I?m a boy, not a girl.“

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：

The girl said, ”I get up at six every morning.“ →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過去時間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。如： He said to me, ”I have taught English since he came here.“ →He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動詞 must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動詞的過去式could, might, should, would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，這些情態(tài)動詞沒有時態(tài)的改變。例如：

The teacher said to me.”You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.“ →The teacher told me that I must(have to)pay more attention to my pronunciation.10 / 11

He said , ”I could swim when I was only six." →He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作用相應(yīng)的變化。指示代詞 this —that these— those 表示時間的詞 now —then today—that day this week(month ,etc)—that week(month ,etc)yesterday—the day before last week(month)—the week(month)before three days(a year)ago—three days(a year)before tomorrow—the next(following)day next week(month)—the next(following)week(month)表地點的詞 here—there 動詞 bring—take

come—go

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