第一篇：教學(xué)案二：定語(yǔ)從句

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：

1.讓學(xué)生掌握定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法，懂得什么叫定語(yǔ)從句，什么叫先行詞，什么叫關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞等幾個(gè)基本概念。

2.讓學(xué)生知道關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法，包括在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，是否可以省略等，能在課本中找出定語(yǔ)從句，能完成基本的定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：

1.如何判斷定語(yǔ)從句中該使用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞？ 2.弄清只能用that的情況和不能用that的情況。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：

1.whose后接名詞如何與關(guān)系代詞which ,whom相互轉(zhuǎn)換。2.關(guān)系副詞如何與介詞+關(guān)系代詞相互轉(zhuǎn)換。

3..什么時(shí)候關(guān)系代詞可以省略，什么時(shí)候不可以省略。4.關(guān)系代詞as的用法。

定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常

出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：__________, __________, __________, __________, __________, __________,等。

關(guān)系副詞有：__________, __________, __________等。

1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)__________, __________, __________等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致；關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作__________時(shí)，可以省略。

1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作__________或__________。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作__________）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作__________）

2）whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只作__________, 若指物，它還可以同__________ __________互換，即whose + n = ____________________或____________________；若指人，可以同__________ __________互換，即whose + n =____________________或____________________）。例如：

This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.They rushed over to help the man __________ car(____________________)had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

Please pass me the book __________ cover(____________________)is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。

3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作__________或__________等。例如：

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

2.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

This novel, __________ I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)

例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, __________ is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。

注意：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

4.介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞__________(能？不能？)省略，即介詞+__________或者介詞+__________。

The man __________ __________ I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.This is the house __________ __________ I used to live.注意：如果介詞與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的是固定搭配，介詞不可以和動(dòng)詞拆開(kāi)前置，例如：look for, look after, take care of 等。

This is the person whom you are looking for.2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

5.as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中，當(dāng)在句中時(shí)可以用as，也可以用which。例如：

__________ we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, __________ is very important to us.太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟?lèi)很重要。He married her, __________ was natural.典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which

C.as

D.it

答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句

Who is the man __________is standing by the door? Which is the dictionary __________ you bought yesterday? g)

先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用that。The village is not the one __________ it was 30 years ago.The man is not the one __________ he used to be.7.幾種復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句

(1)

the way 后面的定語(yǔ)從句：

如果先行詞是the way，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以用in which, that或不填。

Please tell me the way __________ you did the job.(2)

定語(yǔ)從句中加插入語(yǔ)：

關(guān)系代詞與動(dòng)詞之間有時(shí)有一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，有時(shí)用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，有時(shí)沒(méi)有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。常用的插入語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有believe, suppose, guess, say 等。

This is the man __________I believe is honest.We feed the children __________ we think are hungry.(3)

分隔式定語(yǔ)從句：

定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)。例如：

There is an expression I his eyes __________ I can’t understand.The days are gone forever __________ the Chinese people were looked down upon..8.what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的動(dòng)詞都送來(lái)了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。

2）who= the person that

whoever= anyone who。例如：

（錯(cuò)）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯(cuò)）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對(duì)）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

（對(duì)）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰(shuí)搶了銀行還不清楚。

3）that 和 what

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的that?？墒÷?。what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你會(huì)喜歡這些郵票的。

What we need is more practice.我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。

相關(guān)練習(xí)：

1.You’d better not drink water _____ has not been boiled.A.which A.who

A.who

A.which

B.whom B.which B.whom B.that

C.whose C.that

C.whose C./

23.The people ________ the soldiers have saved are still in danger.B.which B./

D.they

D.he 24.Do you know the name of the farmer __ discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang?

C.who

C./

25.A wide and busy road __________ was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.B.which

D.where

實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練: 1-5ACDDB 6-10DCBBA.11-5CDDAB 16-20DABCB 21-25DCACB

第二篇：英語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)案

定語(yǔ)從句教案

定語(yǔ)從句

I 概念

定語(yǔ)從句通常是指用來(lái)修飾或限制某一名詞或代詞的從句，其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞。1.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾和限制的名詞或代詞稱(chēng)之為先行詞。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞。

關(guān)系代詞

that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but, than 關(guān)系詞

關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 解題思路：找先行詞，看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)何種成分，然后確定用何種關(guān)系詞。He still lives in the house ______is in the north of the city.He still lives in the house ______window faces to the south.He still lives in the house ____there is a piece of furniture.(先行詞分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。因此分別用which/that;whose;where.)I’ll never forget the days ______we spent together.I’ll never forget the days ______we stayed together.(先行詞the days分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。因此分別用which/that;in which/ when.)The reason ______he gave us was reasonable.The reason ______he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.(先行詞the reason分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)。因此分別用which/that;why.)This is the only way ______you can find.I didn’t like the way _____he spoke to his mother.(先行詞分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)。因此分別用that或省略；in which/that或省略)那么該如何確定關(guān)系詞呢？首先看在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中： 一 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)/賓補(bǔ)時(shí)：

主語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)/賓補(bǔ) 人

who;that who;whom;that;/

that 物

which, that

which;that;/

that 人和物 that

that;/

that

1)The lady who/that came to our class is from Australia.2)I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO a month before.3)He is the person(who/whom/that)I met in the park yesterday.4)I’ll never forget the years(which/that)I spent with my cousin in Australia? 5)Watch the girl and her dog that are crossing the street.6)We liked the farmers and their farm(that)we visited yesterday.7)He is not the man that he used to be.8)Hong Kong isn’t the city that it used to be.9)I’m not the fool that you thought me.注意：

1.先行詞指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用who或that都可以。但在下列情況下，通常用who，而不用that。

1)當(dāng)先行詞是people, those, one/ones, anyone/anybody等時(shí)

People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

定語(yǔ)從句教案

Anyone/Anybody who breaks the rules is punished.One who doesn’t work hard will never be happy.2)He who??用于諺語(yǔ)、格言中

He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢 He who plays with fire gets burnt.玩火者必自焚

He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.不犯錯(cuò)誤的人一事無(wú)成 He laughs best who laughs last.誰(shuí)笑到最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好.He who hesitates is lost.當(dāng)斷不斷,必受其亂 3)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中

Charlie Chaplin, who died in 1977, is considered one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of the cinema.4)在分隔定語(yǔ)從句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.教你們德語(yǔ)的老師明天來(lái)

5)一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)用who，另一個(gè)用that.The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.在會(huì)上受到表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)學(xué)生是班長(zhǎng)，他謙虛好學(xué) 2.在下列情況下,通常用that,而不用who 1)先行詞前面有the first, the last, the only或the same等所修飾時(shí) She is the last man(that)I want to see.她是我最不愿意見(jiàn)到的人

She is the only person that understands me.She is the same teacher that was praised the other day.2)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)

Who that has common sense will do such a thing? Which one of us that knows something about physics does not know this? 3.先行詞是物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用which或that都可以。但在下列情況下, 通常用that，而不用which.。

1).先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或者序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)，通常用that This is the best article that has been written on the subject.This is the first composition(that)I have written in English.2).當(dāng)先行詞是all, any, anything, nothing, everything, much, little 等時(shí)，通常用that I have done all(that)you told me to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? This book contains much/little that is useful.3).當(dāng)先行詞被all, any, the very, the only, the last 等修飾時(shí)，通常用that.All the books that have been selected are useful ones.Is there any question that troubles you much? Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe.4).主句是which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，通常用that.Which of the books that you have read is the most instructive? 4.在下列情況下，通常用which，而不用that.1)介詞的賓語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)從句教案

He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of which had not been cleaned for years.2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，代表前面的名詞或整個(gè)句子

One of the Charlie Chaplin’s most famous films was “The Gold Rush”, which was made in 1925.Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.5.當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常不能省略。但是，當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以省略

We must make full use of the time(that)there is left to us and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事 This is the fastest train(that)there is to Nanjing.這是到南京的最快的一班車(chē)

6.注意下列兩種句式的定語(yǔ)從句： 1)It is(high/about)time(that)?過(guò)去式

2)It/This/That is/will be the first/second/third?time(that)?

從句的時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) It/This/That was the first/second/third?time(that)?

從句的時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去完成時(shí) It is time we went to bed It is the first time that he has come to meet me at the station.It will be the second time that I have been there.It was the first time that he had passed the examination in English.7.注意避免出現(xiàn)以下幾種情況：

1)The storybook(which/that)I have just read it cannot be easily forgotten.定語(yǔ)從句中不可使用與關(guān)系詞意義相重復(fù)的詞。應(yīng)刪除it，因?yàn)閕t與關(guān)系代詞which/that在意義相重復(fù)。

2)Her two daughters who are studying in Beijing.缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)去掉who，改為Her two daughters are studying in Beijing.3)Prices of daily goods are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，缺少連接詞。改為Prices of daily goods(which are)bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.4)Is this museum they visited last week? 缺少表語(yǔ)，加上the one 使句子成立。改為Is this museum the one they visited last week? /Is this the museum they visited last week? 5)We all like Harry because he is a man whom everybody thinks is pleasant to get along with.將whom改為who.everybody thinks是插入語(yǔ)。

He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.二 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)： 指人 指物

broken 2)Do you know the man whose house(the house of whom/of whom the house)was burned down? 2.“介詞+whose+賓語(yǔ)” 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

whose of whom whose

of which 1)They study in a classroom whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)are

定語(yǔ)從句教案

1)The boss in whose department Mr.King worked called at the hospital.2)The engineer, from whose doctor we know all the truth, was put in a women’s room.3)The doctor, with whose help the sick child was saved, is very kind to her patients.3 在下列情況下，只能用of whom, of which.而不用whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。1).定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是some, most, many, few, much, little等時(shí).About 200 people, many of whom were Europeans, worked on the project.Those foreign engineers, most of whom have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here.They gave me much ink, little of which is red.2).定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是all, none, both, neither, each等時(shí)

She has two sons, both of whom are PLA men.He gave us many books, none of which was interesting.3).定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是數(shù)詞時(shí)

In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, 12 of which/of which 12 were won by women.There are forty-five students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4).在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)

Look!There come a lot of students, of whom Lucy is one.The stories about the Long March, of which this is one example, are well written.三 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)： 狀語(yǔ) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

原因狀語(yǔ)

方式狀語(yǔ) when where why in which;that;/ 1).My girl friend told me the day on which /when she was born.2)The bookstore in which/where his sister works is the largest one in Nanjing.3).The reason for which /why I’m writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.4).I don’t like the way(in which / that)you speak to her.注意：

1.when/where=at/in/on which等 why=for which.2.原因狀語(yǔ)其先行詞通常是reason，方式狀語(yǔ)其先行詞通常是way 3.當(dāng)先行詞是situation, point, case, conditions等相當(dāng)于under which, in which等。表示“在什么情況下，從??中”。He has got himself into a dangerous situation where he has no control.The newly-married couple quarreled so much that they reached the point where they had to separate from each other.這對(duì)新婚夫婦吵架吵得這么兇，以至于到了不得不分手的地步 we had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.我們必須面對(duì)壓力很大的情況 四 as的用法: 1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句

當(dāng)先行詞被the same, such, so, as所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常用as 1).You have the same opinion as I have.2).He’s such a funny sort of person as I don’t understand at all 3).Here is so heavy a stone as no one can remove.4).You will see as many children as come 你將見(jiàn)到所有到來(lái)的孩子們 比較：

定語(yǔ)從句教案

That is the same bike as I lost.那輛自行車(chē)和我丟失的一模一樣(the same?as ?泛指同一類(lèi))That is the same bike that I lost.那就是我丟失的那輛自行車(chē)(the same?that?特指同一個(gè))2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)句子的概念，在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。可以位于句首、句末或者句中。

As was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner.他又像往常一樣，吃完晚飯后出去散步了

He was late for school, as is often the case.他上學(xué)遲到了，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是常有的事 The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.你們這樣年紀(jì)的人大多還記得披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)吧，他們都是利物浦人 3.as和which的區(qū)別

as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)句子的概念時(shí),意思是“這一點(diǎn)”。常?？梢酝ㄓ谩?/p>

This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybody can see.但是: 1).as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)句子的概念，可以位于句首、句末或者句中。而which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于句末。

As is known to us everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.= The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to us everybody.= The moon, as is known to us everybody, travels round the earth once every month.2)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，除了具有which的功能外，還多了一層含義：“正如??所（期待/預(yù)料/想象/猜測(cè)/知道/??）的那樣”。Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean.He was punished, as I had expected.3)當(dāng)從句和主句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用as；反之用which.She has married again, as was expected.She has married again, which was unexpected.4)定語(yǔ)從句是主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或是否定句時(shí)，用which而不用as.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy.Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.五 but的用法: but作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用于否定詞語(yǔ)之后,相當(dāng)于who do/does not或that do/does not意思是 “無(wú)人/事物不??”.There is no man but feels pity for starving children.= There is no man who does not feel pity for starving children 沒(méi)有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子

There is not one of us but wishes to help you.= There is not one of us that does not wish to help you.我們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人不想幫助你 六 than的用法: than作為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)帶有比較意義的定語(yǔ)從句。

其先行詞是more或者more所修飾的詞。在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。

Yesterday he ate more than was good for him.昨天他吃的太多了，對(duì)健康沒(méi)好處。

定語(yǔ)從句教案

You spent more money than was intended to be spent.你花的錢(qián)超出了原來(lái)的打算 II 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常和主句之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。主語(yǔ) 指人 who

指物 which 賓語(yǔ) 指人

指物 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) whom which

whose 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) when where

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

Einstein, who cared little for money, made great contributions to modern physics.The young musician, whom you often talk about, will go abroad for further study.The museum, which we visited last week, is newly built.His grandfather was born in 1937, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.注意: 1.that;why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

先行詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略。指人用whom，指物用which.。

2.限制性定語(yǔ)從句是主句不可缺少的一部分，不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，翻譯成“ ??的”.而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，翻譯成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。比較：

Her brother who is a teacher is strict with her.她那位當(dāng)老師的哥哥對(duì)她要求嚴(yán)格（不止一個(gè)哥哥）Her brother, who is a teacher, is strict with her.她哥哥是一位老師，對(duì)她要求嚴(yán)格（只有一個(gè)哥哥）

The journalists who reached Beijing yesterday have already started to work.昨天到達(dá)北京的那些記者們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始工作了（暗示還有更早到達(dá)或尚未到達(dá)的記者們）

The journalists, who reached Beijing yesterday, have already started to work.那些記者們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始工作了，他們是昨天到達(dá)北京的

3.當(dāng)先行詞是人名、地名等專(zhuān)有名詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物時(shí)，一般用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865 at a theatre in Washington D.C.His father, who is a drug-taker, is very weak.I have been to Mount Everest, which is the highest mountain in the world.The earth, which we live on, is round.4.破折號(hào)后面和括號(hào)里面的定語(yǔ)從句看作是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 The government----which promised to cut taxes----will be popular.這個(gè)政府將會(huì)得人心,它保證要減稅

The house(for which he really paid too much money)stands in a large garden.那房子座落在一個(gè)大花園里,那房子他確實(shí)買(mǎi)貴了 III 介詞+關(guān)系詞

介詞+whom(人)、which(物)

定語(yǔ)從句教案

1．這一結(jié)構(gòu)用什么關(guān)系詞取決于先行詞的指代.指人用whom,指物用which..注意不能用who或that,也不能省略.用什么介詞取決于定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)及“介詞+whom/which”在句中的作用.He is the man for whom my sister bought a gift.(先行詞指人,用whom, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是buy sth.for sb.這一習(xí)慣搭配.故用for whom)The two things of/about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.(先行詞指物，用which.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be sure of /about這一習(xí)慣搭配.故用of/about which)2.這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞的位置比較靈活.但是“動(dòng)詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi).The person(who/whom/that)you should write to is Mr.Ball.=The person to whom you should write is Mr.Ball.Nearby were two canoes(which /that)they had come to the island in.=Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.The babies(who/whom/that)the nurses are looking after are very healthy.Is this the book(which/that)she was looking for? 3.where 和when有時(shí)用作關(guān)系代詞相當(dāng)于which point/place和which time用來(lái)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ)

His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.He stood near the north window, from where she could see the whole garden.I met him ten years ago, since when I haven’t seen anything of him.4.介詞+which+賓語(yǔ)

In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many people have gone home.(by which time即by after 5:30 p.m.“到五點(diǎn)三十分以后”)Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance, in which case I would but stand there.Water boils at 100C,at which temperature it changes to gas Jane spent four years in college, during which time she studied medicine.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognized her at first sight.I called her by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.5.“短語(yǔ)介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu).They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.He was found disappointed at his failure, because of which he was criticized.四.分隔定語(yǔ)從句

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，定語(yǔ)從句是緊跟在先行詞后面作先行詞的定語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)出于平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)成份的需要而將定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。這樣的從句稱(chēng)為分隔定語(yǔ)從句。I was the only person in my office who was invited.(被狀語(yǔ)分隔)Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace? But the Southern states wanted to set up a country of their own, where they would be free to keep black slaves.(被定語(yǔ)分隔)What have I said that makes you so angry? 我說(shuō)了什么，把你氣成這個(gè)樣子？

定語(yǔ)從句教案

The days are gone when we used foreign oil.(被謂語(yǔ)分隔)The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(被賓語(yǔ)分隔)But his enemies, the slave owners in the south and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work.(被同位語(yǔ)分隔)五.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

(1).先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)以及其形式取決于先行詞。A biologist is a person who has a great knowledge of biology.I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.(2)在??one of??who/that??的結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是of后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

在??the(only/very)one of??who/that??的結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是the(only/very)one,定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

He is one of the students in our class who were praised by the headmaster yesterday.他是我班昨天受到校長(zhǎng)表?yè)P(yáng)的學(xué)生中的一個(gè)

He is the only one of the students in our class who was praised by the headmaster yesterday.他就是我班昨天唯一受到校長(zhǎng)表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)學(xué)生 六.定語(yǔ)從句和其他結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 1.定語(yǔ)從句與分詞

Who is the comrade that is standing by the door? =Who is the comrade standing by the door? They built a highway which leads into the mountains.=They built a highway leading into the mountains.They’re problems that have been left over by history.=They’re problems left over by history.2.定語(yǔ)從句與并列結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of whom are women.= A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, and most of them are women.=A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of them women.3.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

Was it the day on which /when you joined the army?

Was it on the day that you joined the army? 如果It is/was?的后面接的是名詞詞組，一般是定語(yǔ)從句。如果It is/was?的后面接的是副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，一般是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。4.定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句

Anyone who leaves(Those who leave)the room last ought to turn off the lights.=Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.As is known to us all, Charles Babbage invented the first computer.=It is known to us all that Charles Babbage invented the first computer.5.定語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句

1)由what-clause引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

His father’s second wife did all/everything(that)she could(do)to help him.=His father’s second wife did what she could(do)to help him.

定語(yǔ)從句教案

2)介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句

Kennedy and Johnson, both of whom were murdered in their terms, once co-worked as president and vice-president It was a matter of who would take the position.He will shoot at whoever comes near him.6.定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句

What is worth remembering is the time when we came here =What is worth remembering is when we came here This is the place where we met last time =This is where we met last time Is that the reason why you are late? =Is that why you are late? This is the way(in which/that)the whole city is fed.=This is how the whole city is fed.7.定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

We heard the news which/that had spread quickly.We heard the news that our team had won.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中必須充當(dāng)句子的成分。

引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that，在同位語(yǔ)從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子的成分。that不能省略，也不能用which來(lái)代替。8.定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect =He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him Here is so difficult a question as no one can answer = Here is so difficult a question that no one can answer it.解題時(shí)，看從句中是否缺少成分。缺少成分as，是定語(yǔ)從句；不缺少成分，用that，是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

9定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.He found her calculator where she lost it.Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.= Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.解題時(shí)，看有沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。如果有，是定語(yǔ)從句；如果沒(méi)有，是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。10定語(yǔ)從句與插入語(yǔ)

1)The navy was planning an expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with the purpose of watching a very unusual event, that is the planet Venus passing between the earth and the sun in 1769.that is “即,也就是說(shuō)”。起同位語(yǔ)從句的作用。不能用which is代替。2)He wears, what is common in his country, a red coat.= He, as is common in his country, wears a red coat.= He wears a red coat, which is common in his country.他穿一件紅衣服，這在他的國(guó)家是常見(jiàn)的 Her condition is, what worries me, getting worse.= Her condition, as worries me, is getting worse.=Her condition is getting worse, which worries me.what is common in his country /what worries me在句中作插入成分，起評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)從句的作用

第三篇：定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案

定語(yǔ)從句匯總講解學(xué)案

◆英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)欣賞

1.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無(wú)成.2.It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘當(dāng)小綿羊，遲早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念：

(1)

定語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。

(3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)系詞的作用：

1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；

2)必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)）

常用的關(guān)系代詞: that、which、who、whom、whose、as、but(文語(yǔ), 置于否定詞之后=that/who?not?, “沒(méi)有??不??”, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ))常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語(yǔ)）: when、why、where

The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy(whom)you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定語(yǔ)從句三步：

第一找出先行詞；

第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）；

第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。

Ⅱ幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ))

如：

1.A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語(yǔ))

2.Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

3.You can take anything(that)you like.（賓語(yǔ)）

4.What is the question(that/which)they are talking about? 5.Here is the man(who/whom/that)you want to see.6.She's no longer the girl(that)she used to be before.（表語(yǔ)）

7.Our hometown is no longer the one(that)it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。

= Our hometown is not what it used to be.●which:

指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。如：

1.The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語(yǔ)）

2.The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語(yǔ)）

3.The factory in which his father works is far from here.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.（表語(yǔ)）

5.Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定語(yǔ)）

6.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.●who, whom, whose: who:

主格, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式用法中作賓語(yǔ);只可指人 whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語(yǔ);只可指人 whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可指人也可指物。

I like the students who/that work hard.（主語(yǔ)）

All who heard the story were amazed.(代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one 等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.（賓語(yǔ)）

He's a man from whom we should learn.= He's a man(whom/who/that)we should learn from.比較：

He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.He is the student who you think is worth praising.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）

I'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）

=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come

關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ):

關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可放于從句之首，也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 介詞必須放在句末.）

This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book(that/which)you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？

= Do you know the person(whom/who/that)I shook hands with? The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after.(介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)

●as 的用法:(as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))

①如為限制性的，多用于the same ?as;the same as；such ?as ?;as many/much as；so ?as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

※I have the same book as you(have).我有一本和你的一樣的書(shū)。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.(關(guān)系代詞as指示代詞same連用, 在從句中用作表語(yǔ), 先行詞是same.)

※.---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?---I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：

I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定語(yǔ)從句）

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

②如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，這種定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為“正如，這一點(diǎn)”。（動(dòng)詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）

※As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.(as 作賓語(yǔ))=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health.（as 作主語(yǔ)）

=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know.（as 作賓語(yǔ)）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.※He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.(賓語(yǔ), 先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子)

Ⅲ.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:

●When 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞（如： time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為“時(shí)間名詞”，可用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，when在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)；還可以用which或that 引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

比較: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語(yǔ)）

Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.There are occasions when joking is not permissible.●Where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：

place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”，定語(yǔ)從句可用where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that導(dǎo)which/that 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

比較:

※This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作狀語(yǔ)）

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.※This is the park which/that they visited last year.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.●Why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則which或that 引導(dǎo)。

如：

The reason why / for which /(that)he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason(that/which)he gave me.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success?（作主語(yǔ)）

Ex.)He was late.That's because he got up late..He got up late.That's why he was late.(表語(yǔ)從句)

(the reason)why/for which he was late.(定語(yǔ)從句)當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that, in which,或how引導(dǎo)，that常可以省略。way后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。

如: This is the way(that)/in which I do such things.比較: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.Ⅳ.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

1.形式上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

2.語(yǔ)法上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用that.3.語(yǔ)義上，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best.這就是我最喜歡的那本書(shū)。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京是中國(guó)八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。

4.翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為兩句。（見(jiàn)上句翻譯）

比較:

He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用who, whom, whose , 指物時(shí)用

which , whose;關(guān)系副詞when，where, why, etc.1.He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2.Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3.They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.Ⅴ.幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較:

●that & which: 在定語(yǔ)從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.①先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people.2.There's nothing that can be said about it.3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

②先行詞被

only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時(shí)。

1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.The last place(that)we visited was the chemical works.You can take any(=whichever)seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.④先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that.如：

1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.⑥被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)

.1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.⑦如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑧疑問(wèn)詞是

who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)。

1.Which is the book that you like best? 2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

⑨主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語(yǔ)從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞.如：

1.There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑩被修飾成分為表語(yǔ)時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí) , 該關(guān)系代詞宜用

that.1.That's a good book that will help you a lot.2.My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況 :

①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí)

.1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr.White lives?

②在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中.1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.(which指代主句)

③在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了 that, 另一個(gè)宜用which.1.Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2.At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.④當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí).1.Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行詞本身是that, 宜用which.What's that which she is looking at?

⑥先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B)who & that: who 和 that 指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行詞為

anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時(shí).如：

1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who(=Whoever)failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones(= those)who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.②在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who 指代人.如：

1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you.2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.③當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí).如：

1.I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.④一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是 that ,另一個(gè)則宜用who, 以免重復(fù).如：

1.The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.●

as & which: as & which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

①位置的不同：

which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只置于所限制的

句子后；as 位置較靈活，也就是說(shuō)as

可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：

1.He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2.Jack, as you know, is an honest man.或

Jack is an honest man , as you know.或

As you know, Jack is an honest man.②先行詞的不同：

as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；

which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子。

※

He was proud, which his brother never was.（先行詞是一個(gè)詞）

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行詞是一個(gè)句子）※

He is an honest man, as is known to all.He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.③as 一般譯為“正如”“就像”，“這一點(diǎn)” as we all know；

as you know;as is known to all;as you see;as we can see;as has been expected;as we have imagined.訓(xùn)練題匯總

◆ EX1.用定語(yǔ)從句完成下列句子。

1．This is the most beautiful forest _

__(我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的).2．Dou Po Tang(陡坡塘)Waterfall, ___(位于貴州省的), is 105 meters wide and 21 meters high.◆ EX2 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空

.Have a try！!1.I will never forget the day __________ I first went to school.I will never forget the day

__________ we spent in Beijing.2.The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.◆ Ex3 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，注意非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和單句的比較。

1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of ________ are teachers.5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.◆ EX4 思考: 用五種方式（定語(yǔ)從句）翻譯句子

這是他工作的工廠。

1.This is the factory

he works.2.This is the factory

he works.3.This is the factory

he works in.4.This is the factory

he works in.5.This is the factory

he works in.◆ EX5 思考:

介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況

介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況（1）

The man whom you spoke

was a scientist.The city

she lives in is far away.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況（2）

Are these two sentences right? The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist.The city that/which she lives in is far away.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況（3）

Are these two sentences right? The man to who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city in that/which she lives is far away.結(jié)論：

介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況(4)

下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎

? Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better.結(jié)論：

Sum up:介詞+關(guān)系代詞

介詞﹢關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, 關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一: 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞習(xí)慣搭配

方法二: 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系

注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或 whom;不可用that 或who 代替。

◆ Ex6:

介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用

1.Do you like the book

she spent $10?

2.Do you like the book

she paid $10? 3.Do you like the book

she learned a lot?

4.Do you like the book

she often talks? 5.He dug a hole

he could got water from the lake.6.There is a tall tree outside，stands our teacher.7.China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________is the Yellow River.8.The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.9.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most __________ hadn’ t been cleaned for at least a year.◆

EX 7 Practice

A letter to Tom

我收到了你上周的來(lái)信.謝謝你寄的照片.我常常想起我們一起度過(guò)的時(shí)光.你還記得那個(gè)湖嗎? 我們?cè)谀沁€照過(guò)一張相呢.和我們一起玩的那些朋友還好嗎? 我昨晚做了夢(mèng)，在夢(mèng)里我們?cè)谏洗稳サ哪羌译娪霸耗兀硗? 我買(mǎi)到了你要的那本英語(yǔ)書(shū).周末有時(shí)間我將把書(shū)寄給你．

Dear Tom, I have received the letter you posted last week.Thanks for the photos you sent.I often think of the time we spent together.Do you still remember the lake where we had a picture taken? How are the children who played with us? I had a dream in which / where we were staying in the cinema which/that we went to last time.Besides, I have bought the book(that/which)you need.On the weekend when I am free, I will post it to you.Best wishes

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案（模版）

高職考定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)

一．基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)回顧，歸納關(guān)系詞用法

指代人

_________, _________，__________ 指代事物

_________, _________ 所屬關(guān)系

_________ 指地點(diǎn)

_________ 指時(shí)間

_________ 指原因

_________ 二．選填關(guān)系詞

1.This is all ____ I know about the matter.A.that

B.what

C.who

D.whether 2.Is there anything else _____ you require?

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.what 3.He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school.A.which

B.that

C.it

D.whom 4.There is no dictionary _____ you can find.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.in that 5.Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn?

A.it

B./

C.which

D.that 三．改錯(cuò)

1.Some of the boys whom I invited them didn’t come.2.Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.3.It is the funniest movie which I have ever seen.4.The house which he lives needs repairing.5.He is the only person who I want to meet.6.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.7.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.四．用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完成短文

She may be the most gorgeous(美麗動(dòng)人的)First Lady_____ I have ever seen.She is a famous folk singer ______ fans are everywhere in the country.I still remember the day ______ I first saw her.She dressed very well, with taste and confidence, which is one of the reasons ______ I like her.五．用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子

(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday._____________________________________________________________________(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.___________________________________________________________________(3)Hangzhou is an attractive city.G20 will be held in Hangzhou in 2016.__________________________________________________________________(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.___________________________________________________________________

回家作業(yè)：

1．給短文填上適合的關(guān)系詞

Yao Ming, __1__ height is 2.26 metres, is the best basketball player __2__ I have ever seen.He is from Shanghai __3__ he grew up, and he has become a super sports star _4____ fans are everywhere in the world.I still remember the day __5__ I first watched his match for Houston Rockets.He plays very well, which is one of the reasons __6___ I like him.2．讀下面的小短文，試著用定語(yǔ)從句改編

Our class is a big family.It consists of 29 girls and 16 boys.Most of them are mainly from Hangzhou.Wang Tong is a kind-hearted boy.He is always to help others.He is such a good boy that we all like him.

第五篇：初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念

般放在________的后面。

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫_______,定語(yǔ)從句一 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。

三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如: ___________________________________________.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作____)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.________________________。(that作_____)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.____________。(作_____)__________________________________.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))

3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作__語(yǔ),whom用作___語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England._______________________。(作__語(yǔ))

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?____________________________________?(作_語(yǔ))

注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.___________________________________。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel._______________________________。

(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for._______________________________________。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away.___________________________________。

(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎?

c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。

(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

(1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

(2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:

This is the place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

I.單項(xiàng)填空。

1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes, he’s our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom

2.Is this the river _____I can swim?

A.which B.in which C.that D.the one

3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it

4.Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?

A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it

5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree

6.My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A.that B.it C.which D.who

7.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A.who’s B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A.which;is B.whom;was C.who;is D.who;was

9.I love places ______the people are really friendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who

10.The world ______ is made up of matter.A.in that we live B.on which we live C.where we live in D.we live in

Ⅱ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。

1.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.3.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The house _____we live in is very old.5.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?

21.The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A.when

B.whenever

C.where

D.wherever 22.The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they

B.it

C.one

D.which 23.Is this factory ______ you worked at?

A.the one

B.which

C.that

D.where

24.Is this the factory _______ you worked?

A.where

B.which

C.that

D.the one

25.---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

---Yes, he does.A.which

B.whose

C.where

D.who

26.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.A.who

B.where

C.what

D.that

27.---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

---He has gone back to Qinghua University.A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.which

28.I hate people _______ talk much but do little.A.whose

B.whom

C.which

D.who

29.Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital?

A.who

B.that

C.whom

D.whose

30.Is there a shop near here______ we can buy vegetables and fruits?

A.which

B.when

C.who

D.where 賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)：

在賓語(yǔ)從句中要注意三個(gè)要素，1連接詞that, if(whether)和疑問(wèn)詞做連詞。2語(yǔ)序，必須是陳述句的語(yǔ)序。3時(shí)態(tài)，主句是一般現(xiàn)在，從句可以是你所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)；主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也必須是相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去，過(guò)去完成，過(guò)去進(jìn)行，過(guò)去將來(lái))，如果賓語(yǔ)從句是真理或永恒不變的事物，不改變時(shí)態(tài)。

（）1.Do you know _____ this time yesterday?

A.who are they waiting

B.who they are waiting for

C.who were they waiting D.who they were waiting for（）2.Could you tell us ____ ?

A.if your father does

B.what does your father do

C.your father does what D.what your father does（）3.Can you tell me what ______ next Sunday? A.will they do B.they would do C.would they do D.they will do（）4.She asked me if I knew ______.A.whose pen was it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen is it（）5.Excuse me, could you tell me ______ ?

A.when can I get to the station B.I can get to which station

C.which station I can get to

D.how I can get to the station（）6.Can you tell me where ______ ?.A.is the post office B.the post office is C.does the post office D.the post office does（）7.Do you know who ______ with at eight yesterday ?

A.he is talking B.was he talking C.he was talking D.is he talking（）8.They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.A.would teach B.had taught C.will teach D.taught（）9.He told me that the sun ______ in the east.A.rises B.raises C.rose D.raised（）10.The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.A.whether had I heard

B.whether I had heard

C.whether have I heard D.whether I have heard（）11.This map will show you _______.A.where is the Summer Palace

B.where the Summer Palace is C.where is the Summer Palace like D.how the Summer Palace is like

（）12.My brother ________ to the ground while ________ his bicycle and hurt his leg.A.falls;is he riding B.fell;he was riding C.falls;he is riding D.felt;was he riding