第一篇：新東方四級(jí)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

一：時(shí)態(tài)：所謂的“時(shí)態(tài)”，就是時(shí)間+狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)見(jiàn)下表： 1．主動(dòng)形式

一般 進(jìn)行 完成 過(guò)去 did was/were doing had done

現(xiàn)在 do

am/is/are doing have/has done

將來(lái)

will/shall do

過(guò)去將來(lái) should/would do

will/shall be doing /

will/shall have done should/would have do

用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣

完成進(jìn)行

一般 進(jìn)行 完成 had been doing have/has been doing / / 過(guò)去

was/were given

現(xiàn)在

am/is/are given

將來(lái) 過(guò)去將來(lái)

will/shall be given should/would be give

/ was/were being given am/is/are being given / had been given

have/has been given will/shall have been givshould/would have be

iven 完成進(jìn)行 / / /

CET-4 常考的三種時(shí)態(tài)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)；將來(lái)完成時(shí)；（現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的時(shí)態(tài)： 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 所有的過(guò)去 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示 現(xiàn)在和將來(lái) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成和將來(lái)完成

一．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被動(dòng)形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.語(yǔ)法功能： 表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生l 成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被動(dòng)形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.語(yǔ)法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前 二）不定式常考的考點(diǎn)： 1）不定式做定語(yǔ)----將要發(fā)生 2）不定式做狀語(yǔ)----目的

3）不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略

1)感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性； + doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見(jiàn)了”這個(gè)事實(shí))I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見(jiàn)他正干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作）

感官動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good;It feels comfortable.2)使役動(dòng)詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動(dòng)以后要還原to I ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.3)help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do.be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do.begin to do.start to do 五)有的時(shí)候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom(oneself)to;be accustomed to;face up to;in addition to;look forward to;object to;be reduced to;resign oneself to;be resigned to;resort to;sink to;be used to;be alternative to;be close/closeness to;be dedication/dedicated to;be opposition/opposed to;be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被動(dòng)的意思。其中，want不太常用。He needs(a lot of)encouraging.1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(have/has been +-ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.2)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 I’d been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.4)將來(lái)完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來(lái)某時(shí)會(huì)業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類(lèi)型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等 It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit.(你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)雙賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ).He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 Vi + adv The plane took off two hours late.Vi + prep They looked round the Cathedral.Vi + prep(有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.Vi + adv + prep I began to look forward to their visits.Vt + O + adv Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.Vt + adv + O(無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))I am trying to give up smoking.Vt + O + prep We talked Donald into agreement.在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中的省略: 在有些狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)包含有動(dòng)詞be,主語(yǔ)又和主句的主語(yǔ)一致a),或者主語(yǔ)是it b),就常常可以把從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分(特別是動(dòng)詞be)省略掉.Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver)necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.在以than a)或 as b)引起的從句中,常會(huì)有一些成分省略.He told me not to use more material than(it is)necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people(did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.錯(cuò)誤的省略

His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.一致

如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),盡管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍舊用單數(shù)形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的一致

each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞,都作單數(shù)看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you? some, few, both, many 等作復(fù)數(shù) some 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接單數(shù),表示某一.none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時(shí)較多,但也有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待,主要看說(shuō)話(huà)人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念, 但none 在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù): None of the books are easy enough for us None of us seem to have thought of it.None(= not a single one)of us has got a camera.None(= nobody)has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.all 和most 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接不可數(shù)名詞(all of the?, most of the ?), 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)由and 或 both? and 連接名詞詞組時(shí), 后用復(fù)數(shù);由not only?but(also), either?or, neither?nor或 or 連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致.Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind 如果一個(gè)句子是由there 或here引導(dǎo), 而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè), 謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致.There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽), militia(民兵)等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù).Cattle are grazing on the pasture.The police are looking for him.有些集體名詞有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待, 有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待, 主要根據(jù)意思來(lái)決定.His family isn’t very large.His family are all music lovers.The committee meets twice a month.The committee are divided in opinion.The audience was enormous.The audience were greatly moved at the words.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形, 可根據(jù)意思決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù): This new series is beginning next month.These new series are beginning next month.This species is now extinct.These species are now extinct.表示時(shí)間, 重量, 長(zhǎng)度, 價(jià)值等的名詞, 盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如果作整體看待, 動(dòng)詞也可用單數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞也是可以的): Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.One hundred li was covered in a single night.其他問(wèn)題

書(shū)名, 國(guó)家名用單數(shù): Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.學(xué)科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數(shù).many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式: Many a person has had that kind of experience.More than one person has involved in the case.a number of 后接復(fù)數(shù), the number of后接單數(shù): A number of books have been published on the subject.The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.one of those 后用單數(shù).在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +關(guān)系分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據(jù)先行詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式：

Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.當(dāng)one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)one 而定，即采用單數(shù)形式： He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.不定式 形式

一般式 完成式 進(jìn)行式 完成進(jìn)行式 主動(dòng)形式 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing

被動(dòng)形式 to be done to have been done

完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作, 通常與主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生.假如不定式所表示的動(dòng)作, 在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))之前發(fā)生, 就要用不定式的完成式.I am glad to have seen your mother(= I am glad I have seen your mother).(比較: I am glad to see you.)He is said to have written a new book about workers.He pretended not to have seen me.進(jìn)行式: 如果主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生時(shí), 不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行, 這時(shí)要用不定式的進(jìn)行式.You are not supposed to be working.You haven’t quite recovered yet.We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.He pretended to be listening attentively.完成進(jìn)行式: 在謂語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 就要用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式.The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.We are happy to have been working with you.被動(dòng)式: 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.She hated to be flattered.He wanted the letter to be typed at once.This is bound to be found out.There are a lot of things to be done.She was too young to be assigned such work.功用: 不定式可以作主語(yǔ)(a), 賓語(yǔ)(b), 表語(yǔ)(c), 定語(yǔ)(d)或是狀語(yǔ)(e).a.To scold her would not be just.b.We are planning to build a reservoir here.c.One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.d.Do you have anything to declare? e.We have come to learn from you.不帶to 的不定式: 在“動(dòng)詞+ 賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 如果動(dòng)詞是表示感覺(jué)意義的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意義的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不帶to.John made her tell him everything.這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 后面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式.She was made to tell him everything.在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might(just)as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to.I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.They cannot but accept his term.在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.I’ve heard tell of him.在動(dòng)詞help(或help +賓語(yǔ))之后可用不帶to的不定式, 也可用帶to的不定式.Can I help(to)lift this heavy box? 在介詞except, but 之后, 如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式, 不定式一般不帶to, 反之帶to.There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.Smith will do anything but work on a farm.There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.連詞 rather than, sooner than 置于句首時(shí), 其后的不定式不帶to.Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up 出現(xiàn)在句中其他位置時(shí), 其后的不定式有時(shí)帶to, 有時(shí)不帶to.He decided to write rather than telephone.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式, 如果主語(yǔ)是由“all + 關(guān)系分句”，“thing +關(guān)系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”等構(gòu)成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時(shí)，作為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.What he will do is(to)spoil the whole thing.All you do now is complete the form The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.不定式的其他用法

too?to 結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示否定意義: She was too young to understand all that.enough?to結(jié)構(gòu)則表示肯定意義: She was not old enough to understand all that.not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時(shí),不定式一般不表示否定意義: He’s only too pleased to help her.so?as(to)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用不定式作狀語(yǔ): Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.如果要說(shuō)明不定是表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的, 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)for引起的短語(yǔ): It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 不定式前可加一個(gè)of引起的短語(yǔ), 來(lái)說(shuō)明不定式指的是誰(shuí)的情況: It’s kind of you to think so much of us.(It is)Awfully good of you to come and meet us.It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.形式

完成式: 如果要表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生, 通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式.He didn’t mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.在某些動(dòng)詞后(或成語(yǔ)中), 常用(或可以用)動(dòng)名詞的一般形式, 盡管動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的.Excuse me for coming late.I don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語(yǔ)中, 表示這動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生.Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.另外, 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)也可用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式.The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.被動(dòng)式: 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí), 動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動(dòng)詞后, 盡管表示的是被動(dòng)的意思, 卻用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式.My pen needs filling.The point deserves mentioning.This problem requires studying with great care.在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣.Her method is worth trying.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式可以用來(lái)作定語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ)及用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers 完成被動(dòng)式: 如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生, 有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式.I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.但在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用這一形式, 而用一般被動(dòng)形式代替, 以免句子顯得累贅.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式一般用來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)或用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中.Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.句法功用 作主語(yǔ):

Walking is good exercise.It’s nice talking to you.There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity 作賓語(yǔ):

Your shoes need polishing.You mustn’t delay sending the tractors over.He avoided giving us a definite answer.作介詞賓語(yǔ): 動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)用的時(shí)候最多.它常可以用在某些成語(yǔ)后面, 常見(jiàn)的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect?of, accuse?of, charge?with, hear of, approve of, prevent?from, keep?from, stop?from, refrain from, be engaged in, look forward to, opposed to, depend on, thank?for, feel like, excuse?for, aim at, devote?to, set about, spend?in, get(be)used to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel(be)ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for.作表語(yǔ):

The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).一般說(shuō)來(lái), 在表示抽象的一般的行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)名詞;在表示具體某詞動(dòng)作, 特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí), 多用不定式.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, keep, get, have等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).The words immediately set us all laughing.Once we caught him dozing off in class.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等動(dòng)詞后, 及可用現(xiàn)在分詞, 也可用不定式構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).用現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí), 表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生, 用不定式時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了.Do you hear someone knocking at the door? Yes, I did.I heard him knock three times.作狀語(yǔ): 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 通常都表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作, 來(lái)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎椈蜃鳛榕阋r.I ran out of the house shouting.I got home, feeling very tired.Driving to Chicago that night, I was struck by a sudden thought.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以用作狀語(yǔ)表示原因, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 相當(dāng)于when引起的從句: Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together 如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是完全同時(shí)發(fā)生的, 多用when 或while加分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu).Be careful when crossing the street.When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.前面帶有代詞或名詞的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu): 一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞前面可以加一個(gè)物主代詞(或名詞的所有格結(jié)構(gòu)), 來(lái)表示這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ).Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.Do you mind my reading your paper? They insisted on my staying there for supper.如果不是在句子開(kāi)頭, 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常常可以用名詞的普通格(或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格), 這比用所有格更自然一些.I don’t mind him going.She hates people losing their temper.只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss 既可用動(dòng)名詞, 也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.有時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間意義差別不大, 有時(shí)卻有不同的意思.在remember, regret, want, try等詞后差別是比較明顯的.I remember seeing her once somewhere.I must remember to take my notebooks with me.I regret not having accepted your advice.I regret to say I haven’t given you enough help.She doesn’t want(need)to come.The house wants(needs)cleaning.We must try to get everything done in time.Let’s try doing the work some other way.懸垂修飾: 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 表示的必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers.(walking是we的動(dòng)作, 正確)Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful.(錯(cuò)誤)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city.(正確)Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen.(錯(cuò)誤)

一、賓語(yǔ)從句(Object Clause)

賓語(yǔ)從句為肯定句（由that 引導(dǎo)），在口語(yǔ)中that常省略。

（1）當(dāng)主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響，按需要可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：

She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.（從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）

She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.（從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)）

She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.（從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

（2）當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般用表示過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

He said(that)he was going to take care of the baby.（從句是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）

He said(that)they were having a meeting at that time.（從句是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）

注意：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而賓語(yǔ)從句敘述某一客觀(guān)真理（事實(shí)）時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

The teacher told us(that)nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老師告訴我們世上無(wú)難事只怕有心人。

He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說(shuō)光傳播比聲音傳播快得多。

賓語(yǔ)部分為一般疑問(wèn)句（由whether引導(dǎo)）

“Can you help me?” He asked.He asked whether(if)I could help him.She asked, “Will Lao Li come to my birthday party?”

She asked whether(if)Lao Li would come to her birthday party.注意：在將一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一定要注意陳述句語(yǔ)序。

改寫(xiě)句子

1．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？

→Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？

2．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me．

→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．

3．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．

→Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday．

賓語(yǔ)部分為特殊疑問(wèn)句

Goals determine what you are going to be.Be absolutely determined to enjoy what you are doing.He wants to know what our plan is for the National Day.Mr.Li asks how he can go to the Beijing Railway Station.The student can read whichever book he likes to read.I want to know when the train leaves.

第二篇：新東方筆記總結(jié)語(yǔ)法+詞匯

第1課

如果想達(dá)到85分以上，詞匯應(yīng)該錯(cuò)6個(gè)以?xún)?nèi)。

Jump for the sun, at least you land on the moon.目標(biāo)定的高一點(diǎn)有好處。

4200單詞要求對(duì)于4級(jí)考試，高三畢業(yè)是1800個(gè)單詞。

我喜歡這里： I like here.Right: I like it here.I can succeed.Right: I can do it.I can make it.注意生活中的英語(yǔ)： Nike勝利女神。Just do it.生活中的英語(yǔ)： Did you have a pleasant journey?(這時(shí)要用降調(diào))

I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me.Oh, thank god!He’s not the president now.(我很害怕)I was just screwed up.(我一團(tuán)糟)四級(jí)考試中常見(jiàn)的考察詞匯的題型：

I 押韻題型（押頭韻、押尾韻）；

答案總在相似中，如果有三個(gè)一樣，基本上就在其中了。

54.The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded.A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently

continue v.繼續(xù)，連續(xù)； continually adv.時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地； continuously adv.連續(xù)不斷地。

說(shuō)不停的咳嗽時(shí)，continually是間歇的時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的咳嗽，continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。

consequently adv.因此，所以；(heavy rain大雨, light rain小雨)constantly adv.始終如一地，連續(xù)發(fā)生地；constant temperature 恒溫

consistently adv.一貫地，一致地； consistent adj.consistent policy 一貫的政策。

36.I hate people who _C_ the end of a film that you haven't seen before.A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse

rewrite v.重寫(xiě)，改寫(xiě)； revise vt.修改，修正； reveal vt.揭示，揭露；

reverse vt.顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)，使反向。(vers是詞根，表示轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；re是前綴，表示向相反方向)42.There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available

performance n.表演，演出，演奏； perform vt.possible adj.可能的

動(dòng)詞后加able構(gòu)成形容詞通常表示“可…的” read-> readable accept-> acceptable consider vt.考慮； considerable adj.(數(shù)量或尺寸)相當(dāng)大(或多)的。

preferable adj.更好的，更可取的；

available* adj.可獲得的，可利用的，可支配的。(重點(diǎn)詞)

33.In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _D_ for living expenses.A acceptable B applicable C advisable D available living expenses 生活費(fèi)； acceptable adj.可接受的；

apply vt.申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)用； applicable adj.可應(yīng)用的，適當(dāng)?shù)模线m的；

advise vt.建議； advice n.建議； advisable adj.明智的，可取的。

54.It is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A consistent B continuous C considerate D continual

achieve unity through peaceful means 通過(guò)和平手段取得統(tǒng)一； consistent policy 一貫政策

II 構(gòu)詞法題型(詞的轉(zhuǎn)化，合成，派生)；

構(gòu)成符合形容詞的名詞和數(shù)量詞一律用單數(shù)。(見(jiàn)下面2個(gè)例題)

31.Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our 1 attention.A three-hours B three-hour C three-hours’ D three-hour’s 267.Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday.A two-thousand-words B two-thousands-word C two-thousand-word D two-thousands-words

以ly結(jié)尾的不全是副詞； friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, lively adj.考試中常見(jiàn)的否定前綴： un-、dis-、in-、im-

56._B_ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A Dislike B Unlike C Alike D Liking

like vt.喜歡； dislike vt.不喜歡，厭惡； unlike prep.不象…；

alike adj.& adv.同樣的(地)，相象的(地)； liking n.愛(ài)好，嗜好；

take a liking for喜歡…，對(duì)…產(chǎn)生好感。

III近義詞含義比較；

44.There were some _A_ flowers on the table.A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal

unreal adj.不真實(shí)的(不是真實(shí)世界所擁有的，虛幻的)； Ends justify means 不擇手段；

false adj.具有欺騙性的，假的，偽造的； false coin/passport/hair，a false tooth/false teeth unnatural adj.不自然的，經(jīng)常用來(lái)修飾人的行為舉止，表示做作的，矯揉造作的。

artificial adj.人造人為的 artificial leg 假肢artificial leather 人造皮 genuine leather 真皮

54.When people become unemployed, it is _C_ which is often worse than lack of wages.A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability

laziness n.懶惰； poverty n.貧窮； poor adj.貧窮的；

idleness n.無(wú)事可做(中性，有時(shí)也有貶義含義)； inability n.沒(méi)有能力，沒(méi)有辦法。

69.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen.They are a thorough _A_.A nuisance B trouble C worry D anxiety

invade 進(jìn)攻，侵略； nuisance n.(具體的)令人討厭的東西； trouble n.煩惱，麻煩，問(wèn)題；

worry n.擔(dān)心，發(fā)愁； anxiety n.焦慮。What a nuisance.真是煩。

IV 搭配關(guān)系問(wèn)題；

extent n.程度； to...extent 到達(dá)…程度，在…程度之上； extent 只能和to搭配。

object vi.反對(duì)； object + to + 動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞的ing形式）。

objection n.反對(duì)； objection + to + 動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞的ing形式）。

V 形相近，意相遠(yuǎn)；

65.In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _A_ spring.A late B last C latter D later

late adj.晚的，晚于通常時(shí)間的； late spring 晚春、暮春； last adj.最后的，最終的；

later adj.更晚的（late的比較級(jí)）、時(shí)間概念后一半的；只適用于表示某個(gè)世紀(jì)的后半期；

The later twentieth century.二十世紀(jì)的后一半。

latter adj.（兩者中）后者的； former adj.（兩者中）前者的；

59.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _B_ in the market.A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels

battery n.電池； bargain n.特價(jià)商品； It’s really a bargain.你真會(huì)買(mǎi)東西，不是說(shuō)真便宜。

basket n.籃子； barrel n.桶； wonderful bargain 物美價(jià)廉的商品；bargain v.討價(jià)還價(jià)；

53.Remember that customers don’t _D_ about prices in that city.2 A debate B consult C dispute D bargain-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------

41.The bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A after B with C by D from

cause 事業(yè)； be named after 以…的名字命名；

42.There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available preferable adj.更好的，更可取的；

358._C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to

具有比較意味的形容詞只要與介詞to搭配即可表示其比較級(jí)。super-表示在…上方，超過(guò)… inferior adj.低于…的，劣于…的； superior adj.高于…的，優(yōu)于…的； prior adj.在…之前的Revolutionary War 特指美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；second adj.第二的（含有比較意味，也與to搭配）

He is second to none.首屈一指，無(wú)與倫比；

30.Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from

43.It wasn't such a good dinner _C_ she had promised us.A that B which C as D what

such … that … 如此… 以至于… ； sb + be + ___ + sth 空格處應(yīng)為能加雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞；

加雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的用法：動(dòng)詞 + sb + sth（主動(dòng)形式）； sb + be + pp + sth（被動(dòng)形式）；

59.American women were _D_ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.[the right to vote 選舉權(quán)]

A ignored B neglected C refused D denied deny v.否認(rèn)，拒絕；deny sb sth 拒絕給予某人某物；

44.They decided to chase the cow away _C_ it did more damage.A unless B until C before D although

45._B_ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A Each B Any C Either D One

common sense 常識(shí)； each 這個(gè)詞在英語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是個(gè)體與眾不同的特點(diǎn)；

any 這個(gè)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是很多東西在一起的共性； either 兩者之間任何一個(gè)；

31.The medicine is on sale everywhere.You can get it at _C_ chemist’s.A each B some C any D certain

46.All _D_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed

當(dāng)all作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，從句只能用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)； all that = what

47._A_ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing

本題的關(guān)鍵是弄清compare與mountain的關(guān)系； when 可以直接加過(guò)去分詞；

before(after)+ being + 過(guò)去分詞；

44.After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed They lose their health to make money, and they lose their money to restore health.48._C_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.[專(zhuān)家] A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom

C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that

本題重點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式； 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人且在句子中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其余部分可用whom引導(dǎo)；

49.If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _D_.A suit B set C one D pair

50.Many new _A_ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities 51.He must have had an accident, or he _A_ then.A would have been here B had to be here C should be here D would be here must have + 過(guò)去分詞 表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的肯定推測(cè)；

與過(guò)去事態(tài)相反用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 過(guò)去分詞 來(lái)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣；

must 一定，必須； needn't, don't have to 不必；

53.You _A_ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A needn’t have done B must not have done C shouldn’t have done D can not have done

should have + 過(guò)去分詞 本應(yīng)該，本應(yīng)當(dāng)； shouldn't have done本不應(yīng)該，本不應(yīng)當(dāng)；

44.It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _D_ it.A mustn’t have done B wouldn’t have done C mightn’t have done D didn’t have to do

52.It was essential that the applications forms _C_ back before the deadline.A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent

It be essential that 后面一定用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞固定為(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原型；

It was essential that the applications forms send back before the deadline.53.We _D_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had when 還可以表示①剛..就…（有動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系）、②恰在此時(shí)；

44.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices.A as B while C after D when

45.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _C_ something occurred which attracted my attention.A unless B until C when D while

46.It was essential that these application forms _D_ back as early as possible.A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent

第2課

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語(yǔ)，句子（或者句子，短語(yǔ)）

1.當(dāng)短語(yǔ)部分有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，并且該主語(yǔ)不同于句子主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立主格。（它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語(yǔ)部分有獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)）。

獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞]

現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的，正在進(jìn)行的行為；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。作題時(shí)要通過(guò)判斷動(dòng)作與名詞（代詞）之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞（代詞）發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞（代詞）是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過(guò)去分詞。

54.Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.A followed B following C to follow D being followed

49.All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消； cancel vt.取消； 四級(jí)中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。

獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語(yǔ)]

36.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged as well as 和（相當(dāng)于and）； be encouraged不會(huì)考。

動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來(lái)行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì)；

been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相對(duì)；being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)

2.短語(yǔ)部分沒(méi)有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，則短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞（分詞短語(yǔ)）

句子的主語(yǔ)決定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，則使用過(guò)去分詞。

43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed perform vt.表演，演出，演奏；

to be performed 將要被演奏； being performed 正在被演奏；

一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：

第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記； [反義] remember 記得；

這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為；這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情。

注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。

forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事； forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事；

remember to do sth.記得要去做某事； remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事；

62.I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him offer vt.提出，提供； offer sb.sth./ offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過(guò)時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞（賓格）+ 動(dòng)名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格：him, her, me, you, us, them。

第二點(diǎn)：want 想要； want to do sth.想做某事； want doing 客觀(guān)需要或缺乏。

48.Your hair wants _B_.You'd better have it done tomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut 注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。

18.This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味； mean to do sth.打算做某事，意欲… ；mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

25.There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble.[reception desk 接待臺(tái)]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

5-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------55.The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected watch 看電視用，看比賽用； see 看電影用；

感官動(dòng)詞watch, see, hear； 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞（代詞）+ do

be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果； being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。

56.The engine _D_ smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄； give in 屈服，讓步； give off 釋放，放出（煙和氣體）；

give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲；婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過(guò)程；贈(zèng)送禮品。

57.The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb.+ 分詞； inform v.通知，告知； inform sb.of sth.通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

60.The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb.（注意要看整個(gè)句子）； fight with + 工具 用該工具來(lái)打仗。fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

I fight with him.我和他打起來(lái)了。I fight with him against her.我和他并肩對(duì)付她。

61.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 總而言之；above all 首先，尤其是；after all 畢竟，終究；overall 全面的，總體的in a word 總之，in short 簡(jiǎn)而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

62._B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由于（相當(dāng)于since）； ever since 自從…以來(lái)。

與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式：

now that 既然，由于； in that 因?yàn)椋?except that 除…之外。

except后面加名詞或代詞；except that后面加句子。

63.What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 連接，附屬； This school is attached to Beida.這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。

responsible to 對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任； resistant adj.反抗的，抵抗的； water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 與..相反（相違背）。

64.John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做過(guò)某事； regret to do sth.遺憾的做某事（應(yīng)用語(yǔ)境非常有限）。

63.We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失業(yè)； out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著； out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。

65.They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward in spite of 盡管； carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

66.Mrs.Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left

be supposed to do sth.應(yīng)該（理應(yīng)）做某事。

37.He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.A known B considered C regarded D supposed regard as 把…認(rèn)作

67.My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied

treat 對(duì)待，處理； I’ll treat you.我請(qǐng)客，應(yīng)用于真正請(qǐng)客之前。It’s on me.應(yīng)用于結(jié)帳時(shí)。

adjust vt.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)； adopt vt.收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)； remedy vt.彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)救，修正；

68.A new technique _C_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A working out B having worked out

C having been worked out D to have been worded out yields 產(chǎn)量； work out 作出，推出

關(guān)于百分?jǐn)?shù)之前介詞的用法

increase to 80 percent 增加到80%（增加到用to）

increase by 60 percent增加了60%（表示增加的幅度用by）

55.Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.A by B for C to D in

69.Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed spoil vt.寵壞，溺愛(ài)

70.When Mr.Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son.A take B hand C think D get

take over 接管接收； hand over 移交，交出； think over 仔細(xì)考慮； get over 克服，戰(zhàn)勝。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------

41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _A_ one this month.A another B more C the other D other

不定代詞：1 兩者中的一個(gè)用one；另一個(gè)則用the other； 2 很多東西中的一個(gè)用one；

剩下的所有叫the others； 3 很多東西中的一個(gè)用one；剩下的所有里面再拿一個(gè)叫another；

在剩下的里面再拿一個(gè)還叫another（單數(shù)概念）； 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來(lái)用some；

剩下所有叫others； other 后通常要加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式； more 要用在數(shù)詞的后面

once more 再來(lái)一個(gè)（用于很不正式的場(chǎng)合）vravo 再來(lái)一個(gè)（用于正式場(chǎng)合）

44.No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.A the other B any other C another D other neither 兩者中任意一者都不

42.It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.A impression B reaction C comment D opinion reaction n.反應(yīng)； reaction to 對(duì)…作出反應(yīng)。

43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.A finish what I did B finished what I did

C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing

as soon as所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)搭配有一種情況是主從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

45.We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.A benefits B affects C guides D effects

affect vt.影響； effect n.影響。

46.Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?

A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of in relation to 與…相比； in contrast to 與…形成對(duì)照；

in excess of 超過(guò)，超出（一定的限定范圍）； in favor of 贊同，支持。

47.Children are very curious _D_.A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature

at heart 在心理，在內(nèi)心； heart 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是內(nèi)心的感情，mind 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是思維，頭腦，soul 靈魂

in person 親自，本人； on purpose 有意的，故意的； by nature 生性（天性）使然。

48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.A objected to having B were objected to have C objected to have D were objected to having

58.The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.A have told B having told C being told D be told confess v.懺悔； confess to 承認(rèn)，坦白。

49.The teacher doesn’t permit _C_ in class.A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke

permit v.允許，準(zhǔn)許； permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事； permit doing 允許做某事。

-------------------------2000-06-------------------------

21.As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel

22.These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.A all the information B all the informations C all of information D all of the informations

23.Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived 24.Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate in.[參與，參加]

A conservative B content C confident D generous

conservative adj.保守的； conservative party 保守黨； content adj.甘愿的，滿(mǎn)足的；

confident adj.自信的，有信心的； generous adj.慷慨的，大方的。

25.Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied

maintain 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為； medium n.媒體單數(shù)，media n.媒體復(fù)數(shù)；

grant vt.授予，給予； imply vt.隱含，暗示； exaggerate v.夸大，夸張，高估；

remedy vt.彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)救，修正。

26.These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.[victims 受害人]

A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded 27.I have no objection _B_ your story again.[object to + 動(dòng)名詞] A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard

28.The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.A curiosity B status C determination D significance status n.身份，地位； significance n.意義，重要性；

29.By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate

accurate adj.精確的； urgent adj.緊急的，緊迫的； excessive adj.過(guò)多的，過(guò)度的；

adequate adj.充足的，足夠的。

30.You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising

31.The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.A go along with B go back on C go through D go into go through 經(jīng)歷

32.The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A would present B present C presents D ought to present

suggestion, suggest 所引導(dǎo)的句子都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。should +（動(dòng)詞原形）

34.Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.A to stop B stopping C stop D having stopped suggest + doing也可以

33.Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A whose B which C that D what whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.35.I didn't know the word.I had to _C_ a dictionary.A look out B make out C refer to D go over

look up 查閱； look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查單詞；

reference n.參考書(shū)目； reference room 資料室；

36.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory.[sufficient 充足的，足夠的；grounds 論據(jù)；arguments 論點(diǎn)] A to be based on B to base on C which to base on D on which to base

base vt.以…作基礎(chǔ)，基于… which引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，如果從句是介詞結(jié)尾則介詞應(yīng)在which之前。

on which(he is)to base

37.There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A that B which C in which D whose

sign n.跡象； fact n.事實(shí)； evidence n.證據(jù)；后面常加同位語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明具體內(nèi)容。

同位語(yǔ)從句用that（不能省略）引導(dǎo)。

38.I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.[or else 否則，要不然]

A or else B and then C or so D even so

39.It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable

partial adj.偏袒的，偏愛(ài)的（經(jīng)常與to或towards搭配）

40.In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures.[figures 數(shù)目，數(shù)據(jù)；extra 額外的，附加的]

A extensive B spare C extra D supreme

41.“I'm sorry.Mr.Williams _A_ to a conference long before then.” A will have gone B had gone C would have gone D has gone

當(dāng)要表達(dá)將來(lái)的行為在將來(lái)的某時(shí)間之前完成用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，將來(lái)完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：will have + p.p.42.You _D_ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A shouldn't follow B mustn't follow

C couldn't' have been following D shouldn't have been following should have + p.p.本應(yīng)該； shouldn’t have + p.p.本不應(yīng)該

43.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A have allowed B allow C allowing D allows

part-time 兼職； full-time 全職； flexible working patterns 彈性工作制； training 培訓(xùn)；

retraining 再培訓(xùn)； take advantage 利用；

44.Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined assembled 聚集； secretary 書(shū)記。

45.Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.A include B involve C contain D comprise involve 引起，與…直接有關(guān)

46.Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least.[the least 最高級(jí)]

A with which B for which C of which D which

42.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _C_ obtaining water is not the least.[the least 最高級(jí)]

A for which B to which C of which D in which

47.In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to million.[in the event of 萬(wàn)一，如果]

A face B time C event D course

in the face of 面對(duì)； in the time of 在…時(shí)期； in the course of 在…期間。

48.The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work

would rather + 動(dòng)詞原形； would rather + 句子（用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

49._D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her

如果用although引導(dǎo)則應(yīng)改成：Although he likes her very much, …

50.The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.[無(wú)論是在空格前還是后，如果出現(xiàn)了名詞extent要找介詞就著to] A within B to C by D at to a large extent 在很大程度上。

第3課

倒裝：倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。

謂語(yǔ)部分所有單詞都放在主語(yǔ)前是全部倒裝。謂語(yǔ)的一部分放在主語(yǔ)的前面是部分倒裝。

謂語(yǔ)中的一部分通常是指：

1、系動(dòng)詞；

2、助動(dòng)詞；

3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

全部倒裝的五條原則：

1.There be句型（表示有）；

2.以There或now開(kāi)頭的句子，且句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come或go；

There you go again.你又去那里了。

3.以Here開(kāi)頭的句子，且句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞be； Here you are.拿去。

4.以副詞out, in, up, down, away開(kāi)頭的句子；

在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞則用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

5.以狀語(yǔ)（常見(jiàn)的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）開(kāi)頭的句子。

部分倒裝的六條原則：

1.so放在句首時(shí)表示承前肯定，這個(gè)句子用部分倒裝；

nor, neither放在句首時(shí)表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝；

2.省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個(gè)提到從句最前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；

3.as, though表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語(yǔ)可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝；

系動(dòng)詞后面的部分就是表語(yǔ)，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)可以置于系動(dòng)詞之后。

例如：She is beautiful.They are students.四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語(yǔ)的形式。

26._B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published

當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，且as前為一個(gè)空格時(shí)他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語(yǔ)。

being published 正在被出版； to be published 將要被出版。

此句恢復(fù)正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為： As it was published at such a time … 4.表示否定含義的單詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；

常見(jiàn)的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never, little, few, hardly(… when), scarcely(… when)；

seldom 難得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。

常見(jiàn)的一些表示否定含義的短語(yǔ)：in no way 決不； on no account 決不；

under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。

5.only + 狀語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；（如果only去掉就是全部倒裝）

43.Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen

freshmen 新生； make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償； make-up tests 補(bǔ)考（緩考）。

6.注意兩個(gè)表達(dá)形式：come what may 無(wú)論發(fā)生什么情況； say what you will 暢所欲言。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)的情況。

60.When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is prevent sb.from doing sth.妨礙（阻止）某人做某事。

強(qiáng)調(diào)部分本為： it is what that prevents so many …

又因?yàn)榫渲杏幸蓡?wèn)詞，應(yīng)寫(xiě)為： what is it that prevents so...11 但強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在句中作賓語(yǔ)成分，故正確寫(xiě)法為： what it is that … 50.I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go

than 除構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)外就要與比較級(jí)搭配，不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)； rather than + 動(dòng)詞原形；

平行結(jié)構(gòu)，遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)做的兩步： 找出連接詞，2 使要填部分與已給出的對(duì)應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。

51.I appreciate _D_ to your home.A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited appreciate + 動(dòng)名詞（不能加動(dòng)詞原形，不能加句子）。

41.I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep your keeping 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。you keeping 也是正確的。

52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.A regard B counting C account D observation take sth.into account 考慮。

54.Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.A take away B take over C take up [占據(jù)] D take in

55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.A got off B got across C got away D got over got over it 克服戰(zhàn)勝。

56.Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.A rate B speed C pace D growth

pace 節(jié)奏； rapid pace of modern life現(xiàn)在生活快節(jié)奏。

57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely

rarely, usually 都是頻度副詞。通常頻度副詞的位置在系動(dòng)詞之后，表示實(shí)在意思的詞前面。

58.The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A having known B being known C knowing D known

know 沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在分詞；know 用主動(dòng)形式時(shí)只能和兩個(gè)介詞搭配：of, about。

known for 以…而著名。

60.I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.A a large enough coat B an enough large coat C a large coat enough D a coat enough large enough 修飾形容詞時(shí)要放到形容詞后面。

61.I always _B_ what I have said.A get to B hold to C lead to D see to

本題所有選項(xiàng)中的to都是介詞，其后加動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞的形式。

hold to 堅(jiān)守，信守； see to 負(fù)責(zé)做，處理，照料（后面加的都是某件事情，不加人）

62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.A when B then C than D until no sooner … than 一…就…

63.Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A what B which C that D whose

evidence 證據(jù)、sign 跡象、fact 事實(shí)，后面都要帶同位語(yǔ)從句，且從句用that引導(dǎo)。

64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York.[too … to，太…而不能…]

A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to 65.He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable

guilty adj.有罪的； be ashamed of 因…而羞愧（不好意思）的； miserable adj.悲慘的。

66.The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.A in B at C during D over

ceremony n.典禮，儀式。要表達(dá)在某典禮（儀式）上用介詞at。

at the graduation ceremony 在畢業(yè)典禮上。

67.What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose do you supposed 常做插入語(yǔ)。

68._D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.[despite prep.盡管； as for 關(guān)于，至于] A As for B Besides C Except D Despite

69.How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.A have B has C having D to have

influence on 對(duì)…造成影響，很大的影響中形容詞用的是strong。

70.He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself hurt oneself 自殘； be to + 動(dòng)詞原形，將要做某事；

-------------------------1993-06-------------------------

41.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared be busy doing sth.忙于做某事

42.Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.A and B but C or D an order

and 在這里表示一種結(jié)果，翻譯成“那么（和）”。只有兩種情況下and才會(huì)這樣翻譯：

1.省略句 ＋ and + 句子； 2.祈使句 ＋ and + 句子。

47.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen

43.I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order order n.定購(gòu)，訂單； purchase n.購(gòu)買(mǎi)。

45.By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding 如果一個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是由by引導(dǎo)的，則時(shí)態(tài)要選擇完成時(shí)態(tài)。

將來(lái)的行為在將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間之前就已完成用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。

solution to a problem 一個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決方案。

46.Mr.Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.A take on B get on C put up D look up take on 承擔(dān)； take on responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

47.Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one dinner n.正餐（多指晚餐）； supper n.夜宵，晚餐； breakfast n.早餐； lunch n.午餐；

brunch n.早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]

48.We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.A inform B informs C informed D has informed

desire v.要求，表要求時(shí)后面加句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

其他同樣用法的詞還有ask, demand, request, require.49.Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally not surprisingly 一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。vary vi.變化。

vary from … to … 從一種形式變化到另一種形式。vary between … and … 在兩者之間進(jìn)行變化。

29.Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.A change B vary C alter D convert

individual n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體； individualism n.個(gè)人主義。

44.The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A alter B shift C transfer D vary

50.A man escaped from the prison last night.It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.A before B until C since D when

It + 系動(dòng)詞 + 一段時(shí)間 + before引導(dǎo)的句子 在…之前花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間。

54.Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A since B when C after D before

51.In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail.[keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神] A in B at C for D on

52.There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.A retain B endure C maintain D survive

retain vt.保持，保留； endure v.忍受； maintain vt.維持，保持，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；

survive vi.生存； vt.活過(guò) …（賓語(yǔ)為某種災(zāi)難）。survive a flood 活過(guò)一場(chǎng)洪水。

前綴sur表示過(guò) …，外，超； vive 表示生活，強(qiáng)調(diào)活著。

54.They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning.A which is B which was C they have D it is

less … than句子前后要平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。

55.In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes.14 A attend B attended C to attend D attending

far more than 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于，遠(yuǎn)不止于；也要句子前后平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。

56.The French pianist [n.鋼琴師] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down

turn up 后面不加賓語(yǔ)表示出現(xiàn)，后面加賓語(yǔ)表示將聲音調(diào)高，調(diào)大；

turn in + 賓語(yǔ) 上繳，交出； turn down 將聲音調(diào)低，調(diào)小；拒絕；

refuse sb.指直接的回絕； turn sb.down 則指委婉的拒絕；

turn out + 動(dòng)詞不定式 最終證明是，結(jié)果是。

57.Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.A risen B arisen C raised D arrived

因本句未加賓語(yǔ)，估不應(yīng)選不及物動(dòng)詞，可排除C項(xiàng)； arrive vi.到達(dá)，抵達(dá)；

rise vi.升起，升高（側(cè)重指旗幟或太陽(yáng)升起）；數(shù)量的增高（側(cè)重指水位、價(jià)位）；

the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太陽(yáng)東升西落。

arise vi.升起，升高，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生（經(jīng)常與抽象名詞聯(lián)用）。

69.A completely new situation will _B_ when the examination system comes into existence.A arise B rise C raise D arouse

33.Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent.A raised B aroused C arose D rose

58.He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.A genuine B minimum C modest D generous

name after 以…的名字來(lái)命名。genuine adj.真正的，貨真價(jià)實(shí)的； genuine leather 真皮；

minimum adj.最低的，最小的； modest adj.謙虛謹(jǐn)慎的，適度的；

generous adj.慷慨的，慷慨大方的（修飾貢獻(xiàn)等用這個(gè)）。

59.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _D_, of course, made the others jealous.A who B that C what D which

which在這里是引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句有2個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

1.which前面有逗號(hào)與其他句子分開(kāi)。2.which指的是前面整句話(huà)的內(nèi)容。

as也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，指的都是一句話(huà)的內(nèi)容。

which指一句話(huà)的內(nèi)容只能置于該句之后，而as既可以在后也可以在前。

67._C_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is great American writer.A That B Which C As D It

60.In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_.A gaps B intervals C length D distance

interval n.間隔（即可指空間間隔，也可指時(shí)間間隔），四級(jí)考試中專(zhuān)考時(shí)間間隔的概念。

interval是固定與介詞at搭配的。

23.Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _D_.A gaps B rate C length D intervals

at regular rate 以規(guī)則的速度； at regular interval 以規(guī)則的時(shí)間間隔；

61.Mr.Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do.A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given

64.Our company decided to _D_ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A destroy B resist C assume D cancel 65.She is _C_ a musician than her brother.A much of B much as C more of D more as be of 具有某種性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)；

66.Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge.A service B sentence C crime D crisis

sentence n.判決，判刑； crisis n.危機(jī)； economic crisis 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)；

68.The residents, _C_ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A all their homes B all whose homes C all of whose homes D all of their homes 當(dāng)給出了句子的主語(yǔ)，且后面有兩部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這兩部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間又沒(méi)有連接詞，時(shí)態(tài)也不同時(shí)，離主語(yǔ)近的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為從句的組合成分。

69.You can't afford to let the situation get worse.You must take _D_ to put it right.A decisions B directions C sides D steps

take steps 采取措施，采取行動(dòng)； take measures 采取措施；

70.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed if only 如果，要是...就好了，其后面的句子一定要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

1.如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事實(shí)相反，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

2.如果if only后面的句子表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

47.If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve

如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事實(shí)相反，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，也可以用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。

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42.Mark often attempts to escape _C_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A having been fined B to have been fined C being fined B to be fined escape + 動(dòng)名詞。

44.It is recommended that the project _A_ until all the preparations have been made.A not be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started

recommend vt.推薦，建議，后面加句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式：(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形

45.I wish I _D_ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept

wish 后面的句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

might經(jīng)常被翻譯成或許。

46.We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _D_ him.A had telephoned B must have telephoned C would telephone D would have telephoned

otherwise, or等表示“否則”的詞，后面句子都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

48.While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news [最新的消息], it is unlikely that television _A_ the newspaper completely.16 A will replace B have replaced C replace D replaced

49.An Olympic Marathon [馬拉松] is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately [大約] _B_ from Marathon to Athens [雅典].A distance B the distance C is the distance D the distance is

50.You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _D_ to suspend your tent.A there B them C where D which

介詞 + which + 動(dòng)詞不定式(to do sth.)整體做定語(yǔ)。

本句可改寫(xiě)為：You will want two tress about ten feet apart, to suspend your tent from.只要見(jiàn)到有介詞出現(xiàn)在空格之前，而選項(xiàng)中有which, them, there, where等詞則應(yīng)選which。

51.As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had _C_ to ask my boss.A many B most C much D more

當(dāng)many沒(méi)有修飾任何其他詞而單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí)表示很多人。much在這里相當(dāng)于many things。

52._A_ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A Until B Before C From D Since

until recently 直到最近； not surprisingly 一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。

53.The survival of civilization as we know it is _C_ threat.A within B towards C under D upon under threat 受到威脅。

55.In some countries, _D_ is called “equality” [平等] does not really mean equal rights for all people.A which B one C that D what

that可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但只做引導(dǎo)詞而不充當(dāng)任何成分。

56.I walked too much yesterday and _A_ are still aching now.A my leg muscles B my muscles of leg C my leg's muscles D my muscles of the leg 英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)名詞修飾另外一個(gè)名詞時(shí)第一個(gè)名詞要用單數(shù)。apple trees, eye drops 57.Radio, television and press _B_ of conveying news and information.A are the most three common means B are the three most common means C are the most common three means D are three the most common means

幾個(gè)詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)修飾詞的順序應(yīng)為：1.定冠詞the應(yīng)該放在最前面（離名詞最遠(yuǎn)）的位置；

2.數(shù)詞應(yīng)放在第二位；3.最后考慮其他形容詞。

58.Liquids are like solids _C_ they have a definite volume.A with that B for that C in that D at that

三個(gè)與that的搭配的表達(dá)形式：now that, in that [因?yàn)閉, except that。

59.When a fire _C_ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.A broke off B broke down C broke out D broke up break out（火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)；

60.The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _D_.[make up for 彌補(bǔ)]

A stand up to B put up with C come up with D make up for

61.Then the speaker _B_ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.A went after B went into C went for D went on

go after 追求，設(shè)法得到； go into 談?wù)摚瑪⑹觯?go for 襲擊/支持； go on 繼續(xù)。

62.The students was just about to _C_ the questions, when suddenly he found the answer A arrive at B submit to C give up D work out

63.When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _B_.A hand B reach C hold D place

out of reach 夠不著； within reach 夠得找。

64.The _D_ of blood always makes him feel sick.A form B look C view D sight

form n.形式，形狀； view n.風(fēng)景，景色/視野，視域； look 指的是主觀(guān)有意識(shí)的看；

sight n.看見(jiàn)，瞥見(jiàn)（不強(qiáng)調(diào)主客觀(guān)）。

66.Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _B_ sickness A normal B ordinary C average D regular

sickness of mind 精神病； normal adj.正常的； average adj.平均的，中等水平的；

regular adj.有規(guī)律的，規(guī)則的； ordinary sickness 一般性疾病。

68.Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _C_ to his confusion.A extended B amounted C added [add to 增加] D turned 70.It took him several months to ___ the wild horse.A tend B cultivate C tame D breed

tame vt.馴服； breed 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是繁殖，側(cè)重指大批量的繁殖。

It take sb.sometime to do sth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。

第4課

主謂一致：指的就是給出主語(yǔ)，要求判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的問(wèn)題。

一、就近原則：

指句子的主語(yǔ)由兩部分單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成時(shí)，由離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的那部分主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

只有當(dāng)以下單詞或短語(yǔ)連接主句的兩部分時(shí)就近原則才適用：

1.or 或者； 2.either … or … 不是…就是…，…或… ； 3.neither … nor … 既不…也不… ；

4.not only … but also … 不但…而且… ； 5.not … but … 不是…而是… 例如：主語(yǔ)1 or 主語(yǔ)2 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)由主語(yǔ)2決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

10._C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss? A Are B Where C Is D Does

如果題目改變?yōu)椋篍ither he or his accountants ___ going … 則應(yīng)選A

二、句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)的兩種情況：

1.集合名詞做主語(yǔ)，集合名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，因?yàn)樗旧砭痛硪粋€(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念。

常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)復(fù)合名詞： people 人民，人們； police 警察； cattle 牛； poultry 家禽。

2.表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞，整體做主語(yǔ)時(shí)

例如：去年出口了八百萬(wàn)頓煤。Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定用單數(shù)的六種情況：

1.句子的主語(yǔ)是由從句充當(dāng)?shù)摹?dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)；

2.表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值四方面的詞做主語(yǔ)；

399.--“How many days?”

0--“Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?”

A are B were C was D is

3.表示單數(shù)概念的主語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)；

因?yàn)榇私Y(jié)構(gòu)中短語(yǔ)只是對(duì)主語(yǔ)提供附加說(shuō)明情況，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。

當(dāng)以下這些標(biāo)志性的介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在此結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)可以不管中間的附加說(shuō)明情況：

with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as 注意：表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的主語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

4.each, every, either, some, any, no，由以上六個(gè)詞中任何一個(gè)所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)；

some經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個(gè)復(fù)合代詞：something, somebody, someone；

no經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個(gè)復(fù)合代詞：nothing, nobody, no one； either of + 短語(yǔ)；

5.通常由and連接兩部分這種形式做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但在以下兩種情況下則應(yīng)用單數(shù)；

1> and連接的兩部分指的是同一事物；

2> and連接的兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個(gè)詞修飾時(shí)；

例如：每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。be supposed to do sth.理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該做某事。

Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.11.Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them

many a(an)很多，相當(dāng)于many； many a(an)+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

6.many a(an)+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

9.Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.A have known B know C knows D is knowing not only … but also … 的一種變形形式，not only … but … 另一種變形形式not only … but … as well

combination n.密碼； combination to the safe 保險(xiǎn)箱密碼； securities有價(jià)證券。

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41.She ought to stop work;she has a headache because she _A_ too long.A has been reading B had read C is reading D read had read 過(guò)去完成時(shí)要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)搭配。

has been reading 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：指某行為從過(guò)去一點(diǎn)到現(xiàn)在一直在進(jìn)行。

42.Niagara Falls is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement

tourist attraction 旅游勝地； attention n.注意力； appointment n.委任的職位，約會(huì)；

date n.日期，約會(huì)，棗；表示約會(huì)時(shí)指的是異性之間的私人約會(huì)。arrangement n.布置，安排

blind date 兩人第一次見(jiàn)面的約會(huì)。appointment 指公事性質(zhì)的，比較正式的約會(huì)。

43.I don't mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.A you to delay making B your delaying making C your delaying to make D you delay to make

mind 后要加動(dòng)名詞； delay v.耽擱，延誤（后面也要加動(dòng)名詞）

45.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in Cuba.A being cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating

46.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.19 A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated 注意：seat是及物動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式，后面要直接加賓語(yǔ)。

Be seated please.請(qǐng)坐。英語(yǔ)中只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

47.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn

當(dāng)wear表穿戴時(shí)，而句子的主語(yǔ)是被穿戴的東西時(shí)，wear是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

65.The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted 字根trans在四級(jí)中著重考的含義是“從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方”。

transform 改革，變革，改變； transport 運(yùn)輸； transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移，移動(dòng)；

transmit 傳送，播送；疾病的傳染，傳播； transplant 移植。

48.Some diseases are _D_ by certain water animals.A transplanted B transformed C transported D transmitted 49.Wouldn't you rather your child _B_ to bed early? A go B went C would go D goes

would rather的兩種用法：1 would rather + 動(dòng)詞原形； would rather + 句子（句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣）。

50.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _B_ will happen to her private life.[wonder后面要加疑問(wèn)詞] A that B what C it D this

51.The words of his old teacher left a _C_ impression on his mind.He is still influenced by them.[lasting adj.持久的，永久的； liberal adj.開(kāi)明的，心胸開(kāi)闊的] A long B lively C lasting D liberal 52.Mike's uncle insists _D_ in this hotel.A staying not B not to stay C that he would not stay D that he not stay insist的兩種用法：1 insist on … 堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求； insist + that引導(dǎo)的從句（從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為[should] + 動(dòng)詞原形）

53.We agree to accept _D_ they thought was the best tourist guide.A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever they thought是插入語(yǔ)，可以不看； tourist guide 導(dǎo)游。

56.Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _C_ it forces people to test relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A by which B to which C in that D so that

句子的意思是：如果沖突以后能回家反省一下自己是好事情。

in that 因?yàn)椋?conflict n.沖突； relative merits 相比較而言的優(yōu)點(diǎn)； so that 以至于。

57.He is _A_ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A optimistic B optional C outstanding D obvious

optimistic adj.樂(lè)觀(guān)的； pessimistic adj.悲觀(guān)的； be optimistic about 對(duì)…持樂(lè)觀(guān)態(tài)度。

optional adj.隨意的，任選的，非強(qiáng)制性的； optional courses 選修課；

outstanding adj.卓越的，杰出的； obvious adj.明顯的。

58.Sometimes I wish I _B_ in a different time and a different place.A be living B were living C would live D would have lived wish后加的句子一定要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，wish后的句子經(jīng)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

59.The director was critical _C_ the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with

be critical of 對(duì)...愛(ài)挑剔的，批評(píng)。

60.In a sudden _B_ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A attack B burst C split D blast

within reach 夠得著； out of reach 夠不著； burst 爆發(fā)，迸發(fā)；

burst可以與很多詞語(yǔ)搭配表示突然發(fā)作： 能與人的情緒（喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)）搭配； 2 能與掌聲、笑聲搭配。

61._D_ she realized it was too late to go home.A No sooner it grew dark than B Hardly did it grow dark that C Scarcely had it grown dark than D It was not until dark that

no sooner在句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝；hardly要與when搭配；scarcely也要與when搭配。

62.In Britain people _C_ four million tons of potatoes every year.A swallow B dispose C consume D exhaust

swallow 吞，咽； dispose 去掉，處理，安排； consume 消費(fèi)，消耗； consumer 消費(fèi)者；

exhaust 將資源消耗殆盡；如果與人在一個(gè)句子中搭配則表示使人精疲力竭。

63.I'd _A_ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A take into account B account for C make up for D make out take into account 考慮； make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償。

65.She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _D_ enough to eat.A mild B slight C light D tender

mild adj.不辣的； hot adj.辣的； extra hot 極辣的；

light adj.清淡的，容易消化的；蛋糕點(diǎn)心等松軟的； muffin n.松餅；

slight adj.輕微的，少量的； tender adj.肉嫩的。

steak n.牛排；rare 三成熟的；medium 七成熟的；well-done 全熟的；medium rare 五成熟。

66.We take our skin for granted until it is burned _A_ repair.A beyond B for C without D under

take sth.for granted 把什么事當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然的而不重視； beyond prep.超出 … 的范圍。

67.The computer revolution may well change society as _C_ as did the Industrial Revolution.A certainly B insignificantly C fundamentally D comparatively

certainly 當(dāng)然的，確定無(wú)疑的（主觀(guān)思想較濃厚）； insignificantly 沒(méi)有意義的，無(wú)足輕重的；

comparatively 相比較而言的； fundamentally 根本性的，從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)。

68._C_ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A To look at B Looking at C Looked at D To be looked at

70.Some women _D_ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A must make B should have made C would make D could have made for the sake of為了… ；為了…的利益；

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞；

should have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該…-------------------------1997-06-------------------------32.You cannot be _B_ careful when you drive a car.A very B too C so D enough

cannot too 在…也不為過(guò)，越…越好。

34.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to _A_ the color of his skin.[regardless of 不管，不顧]

A regardless of B in the light of C by virtue of D with the exception of

35.Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are not working to their full _B_.A strength B capacity C length D possibility

strength n.力量，體力，實(shí)力； capacity n.才能，才智（能力方面）。

38.The old couple decided to _C_ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A adapt B bring C adopt D receive

39.The government is trying to do something to _D_ better understanding between the two countries.A raise B increase C heighten D promote promote better understanding 增進(jìn)理解。

40.The newspaper did not mention the _A_ of the damage caused by the fire.A extent B level C range D quantity

extent作核心名詞，表示到…程度了，介詞用to。

41.The soldier was _A_ of running away when the enemy attacked.A accused B charged C scolded D punished

be accused of 被指控，被職責(zé)； be charged with 被指控。

42.Had he worked harder, he _D_ the exams.A must have got through B could get through C would get through D would have got through

had he worked harder(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)= if he had worked harder … 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。

45.It seems oil _B_ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A had leaked B has been leaking C leaked D is leaking

for + 一段時(shí)間，做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用完成時(shí)態(tài)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)搭配。

46.When he arrived, he found _C_ the aged and the sick at home.A nothing but B none other C none but D no other than 形容詞前加the表示一類(lèi)人。none but 只有，僅有。

47.The pressure _B_ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A competing B to compete C to be competed D having competed the right to vote 選舉權(quán)。動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)要用主動(dòng)形式。

the pressure to compete 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的壓力。

49.As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _C_.A have to be said B must say C ought to be said D need to say

50.Once environmental damage _A_, it takes many years for the system to recover.A is done B is to do C does D has done

51.Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _B_ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.A as for B such as C in case of D in view of contribute to 對(duì)…做出貢獻(xiàn)。

52.He will agree to do what you require _D_ him.A for B from C to D of

require sth.of sb.要求某人做某事。

53.The mere fact _A_ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.A that B which C what D why fact后面要加同位語(yǔ)從句。

54.John seems nice person._C_, I don't trust him.A Even though B Therefore C Even so D Though even so 即便如此，盡管如此。

55.I don't think it advisable that Tom _A_ to the job since he has no experience.A be assigned B will be assigned C is assigned D has been assigned advisable后面加句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

56._D_, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A Other things to be equal B Were other things equal C To be equal to other things D Other things being equal B項(xiàng)如果不省略if應(yīng)為：If other things were equal 如果從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句也必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。

other things being equal 在這里是獨(dú)立主格做條件狀語(yǔ)。

57._C_ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A For B Since C Now D Despite 注意以下三個(gè)后面加句子的表達(dá)形式：

in that 由于，因?yàn)椋?2 now that 既然，由于； 3 except that 除了…之外。

59.By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _B_ children as Coca-Cola.A for B with C to D in

be popular with + 人的群體 受…歡迎。

60.Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _A_ his opinion.A stuck to B strove for C stuck at D stood for

be convinced of 深信，確信； stick to 堅(jiān)持； strive for 力求，拼命爭(zhēng)取。

Don’t strive for perfection.不要凡是都力求達(dá)到完美狀態(tài)。

-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------48.It’s no use _B_ me not to worry.A you tell B your telling C for you to have told D having told

It's no use + 動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓格（形容詞性物主代詞）+ 動(dòng)名詞。

52.If it _A_ too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.A isn’t B wasn’t C weren’t D hadn’t been 一般日常用語(yǔ)，用一般時(shí)。

56.She was glad that her success would ___ for the women who would follow.A make things easier B make it easier C be easier D be easier to make make for 導(dǎo)致，促成；朝某個(gè)方向前進(jìn)，走向那里。

不要選有代詞指代不明的選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)中的things指的是境況，境遇。

60.We object _C_ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A against B about C to D for

68.The newest satellite can _A_ a thousand telephone conversations and a color TV program at the same time.A carry B extend C bring D take

carry vt.傳送，傳輸； extend vt.延伸，延續(xù)（extend to 延伸到，延續(xù)到）。

fetch vt.去拿來(lái)，去請(qǐng)來(lái)，去叫來(lái)； fetch water 打水。

-------------------------1995-01-------------------------

41.The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _B_.[spare parts零部件]

A are producing B are produced C produced D being produced

48._A_ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.A To become B Become C One become D On becoming

master's degree 碩士學(xué)位； 當(dāng)介詞on后面加動(dòng)詞ing形式時(shí)表示時(shí)間概念“在…之后”。

49.The little man was _C_ more than one metre fifty tall.A nearly B quite C hardly D almost hardly more than 不足，不到。

36.The little man was _B_ one metre fifty high.A almost more than B hardly more than C nearly more than D as much as 53.Medical care reform has become this country's most important public health _C_.A question B stuff C matter D issue

matter 事物，事情； question 有疑而問(wèn)，并且有待回答的問(wèn)題；

questions and answers Q & A 問(wèn)與答； issue n.問(wèn)題（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是政治方面的問(wèn)題）。

1999年前，臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題Taiwan issue；1999年后，臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題Taiwan question，態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變。

60.If you don't like to swim, you _B_ stay at home.A should as well B may as well C can as well D would as well may as well 還是，到不如。

70.They are teachers and don't realize _A_ to start and run a company.A what it takes B what takes it C what they take D what takes them start and run a company 創(chuàng)立并經(jīng)營(yíng)一家公司。

-------------------------1996-06-------------------------

23.A healthy life is frequently thought to be _D_ with the open countryside and homegrown food.A tied B bound C involved D associated

be involved with 牽涉，卷入； be associated with 與...相關(guān)，聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

homegrown food 自家種的食品； wine 葡萄酒； house wine 自家的酒。

33.The traditional approach _A_ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A to dealing B in dealing C dealing D to deal approach n.方式，方法； approach to + 動(dòng)名詞。

43.It's already 5 o'clock now.Don't you think it's about time _C_?

A we are going home B we go home C we went home D we can go home it's about time后面加句子，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

44.Lightning is a _A_ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.[Lightning n.閃電]

A rush B rainbow C rack D ribbon

rush n.沖撞，沖擊，撞擊； rainbow n.彩虹，幻想； rack n.支架，掛架；

ribbon n.緞帶，絲帶，絨帶。

46.I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, _A_.A however much it costs B however does it costs much C how much does it cost D no matter how it costs

however在這里不表示轉(zhuǎn)折，而是句子的引導(dǎo)詞，這種情況下它相當(dāng)于：no matter how。

意思是，我已經(jīng)決定要買(mǎi)了，不管多少錢(qián)。

47.New York _A_ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year.[rank 排名，名列第幾，強(qiáng)調(diào)名列前茅；Big Apple 紐約] A ranked B occupied C arranged D classified

第5課

虛擬語(yǔ)氣

一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的規(guī)則用法：

1主、從句都表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：

從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：had + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞；

主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

注意：能用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有四個(gè)：should, could, would, might.使用哪一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要由句子含義決定，考試中出現(xiàn)最多的是could, would.2 主、從句都表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：

從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（如果是be則只能用were）

主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形。主、從句都表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：

從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：were to + 動(dòng)詞原形（重點(diǎn)）、should + 動(dòng)詞原形、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；

主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形。

二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊應(yīng)用： would rather + 句子，這時(shí)句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，這時(shí)句子一定要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

有兩種形式可以體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

a.如果該句子如果表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

b.如果該句子如果表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

70.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed

47.If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve

注意：當(dāng)if only后的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反，該用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式來(lái)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而選項(xiàng)中又沒(méi)有時(shí)，可以采用這種形式：would + 動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)以下動(dòng)詞后加句子時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

a.表示建議、提議的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.[move只有在表達(dá)在會(huì)議上提出提議時(shí)后面加虛擬語(yǔ)氣] b.表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.c.表示指揮、命令的：order, command, direct.d.表示堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為的：insist.25 4 it is + 第三點(diǎn)中動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的從句。

這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

以下幾個(gè)形容詞置于該結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)也要用相同的形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

important, necessary, essential, obligatory（有義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制性的，必須的）。第三點(diǎn)中動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式 + that引導(dǎo)從句，該從句同樣要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion.6 以下一些表達(dá)方式所在的句子一定要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

or(表示否則), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是，若非)

當(dāng)遇到含有以上四個(gè)表達(dá)方式的句子時(shí)，先要判斷該句是表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、還是將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，然后依照相應(yīng)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣規(guī)則用法的形式來(lái)確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

含有下面三個(gè)表達(dá)方式的句子體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式是固定的：

lest(以免，防備), for fear that(惟恐), on condition that(在..條件下)它們后面句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。it is time 是...的時(shí)候了。

這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種變形形式，所用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式都一樣：it is high time / it is about time.這三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。注意以下兩種情況下should + 動(dòng)詞原形中should不能省略。

這里should表示一種語(yǔ)氣，經(jīng)常被翻譯成“竟然”。

a.四個(gè)動(dòng)詞：think, believe, expect, suspect.它們的否定或者疑問(wèn)形式后面加句子，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。

I don't believe that he should be cheated.我不相信他也會(huì)被騙。

b.it is a pity, it is a shame 真遺憾，it is strange 真怪

以上三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣即指主句和從句在表達(dá)是與什么時(shí)態(tài)的事實(shí)相反上并不一致（比如主句要表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反而從句要表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反），這種情況要采用“對(duì)號(hào)入座”的方法來(lái)處理，即主從句結(jié)構(gòu)分別采用與其表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

60.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _A_ now.A wouldn't be smiling B couldn't have smiled C won't smile D didn't smile 2.If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _C_.A you won’t find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty now C you would not find any difficulty now D you have not found any difficulty now 3.He would be studying at the university now if he _C_ the entrance examination.A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed 16.It is a shame that he _B_ that poor little girl!

A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving

18.Mrs.bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _D_ her son's sleep.[lest(以免，防備)后面句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形] A would interfere with B had interfered with C interfered with D should interfere with-------------------------1996-01-------------------------

21.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _C_ and perfected now.A)developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed

22.This ticket _C_ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A gives B grants C entitles D credits

A,B兩項(xiàng)都要加雙賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：gives / grants sb.sth.entitle sb.to sth.使某人有權(quán)得到某物； credit A to B 相信A是由B造成的。

相信飛機(jī)失事是由飛行員錯(cuò)誤造成的。Credit the crash to the pilot's mistake.crash 墜落，墜毀（專(zhuān)指飛機(jī)失事）； collision 碰撞（強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)物體碰撞，如火車(chē)、汽車(chē)等）。

we are sorry, very sorry, terribly sorry, awfully sorry.23.You _D_ her in her office last Friday;she's been out of town for two weeks.A needn't have seen B must have seen C might have seen D can't have seen

24.That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _D_ the police.A called in B calling in C call in D to call in have no choice but to do sth.別無(wú)選擇，只能做...25.She was so _B_ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.A attracted B absorbed C drawn D concentrated

be attracted by 被…所吸引； be absorbed in 全神貫注（專(zhuān)注）于做… be drawn in 被誘騙（誘使）做...； concentrate on 專(zhuān)注于。

I was simply drawn in.我是被誘騙上鉤的。

27.At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _B_ to another subject.A committed B switched C favoured D transmitted

switch to another subject 轉(zhuǎn)換話(huà)題； switch to another channel 轉(zhuǎn)換頻道。

28.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _C_ after 11 o'clock at night.[虛擬語(yǔ)氣]

A were not played B not to play C not be played D did not play

29.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _D_ through the window.A vision B look C picture D view view n.景色，風(fēng)景，視野，視域。

30.Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from

具有比較意味的形容詞都要與介詞to搭配。

32.The manager needs an assistant that he can _A_ to take care of problems in his absence.[in his absence 在某人不在場(chǎng)的情況下]

A count on B count in C count up D count out

presence n.到場(chǎng)，出席； in one’s presence 在某人在場(chǎng)的情況下。

count on=depend on 指望，依靠，依賴(lài)； count up 算出總數(shù)；

count in 把…算在內(nèi)； count out 把...排除在外。

33.The organization had broken no rules, but _A_ had it acted responsibly.A neither B so C either D both

34.We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _D_ view.A from B in C before D into

come into view 進(jìn)入視野，進(jìn)入眼簾。cheer n.歡呼； cheers 干杯；

cheer-team 拉拉隊(duì)； cheer-leader 拉拉隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。英語(yǔ)中為了…干杯用介詞to引起。

to your health 為了你的健康干杯； to friendship為了友誼干杯。bottom up 先干了。

35.They took _D_ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A fruitful B beneficial C valid D effective

take effective measures 采取有效措施。valid adj.有效的，成立的。

36.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _A_ it comes to classroom tests.A when B since C before D after

sure 做定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示“可靠的、穩(wěn)妥的”。come to 談到，提及。

37.Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _D_ directed.A like B so C which D as

drug n.藥品，毒品。gay adj.放蕩的，快樂(lè)的； n.同性戀者，尤指男性同性戀。

so后面加過(guò)去分詞表示一種程度。as后面加過(guò)去分詞時(shí)表示“如同…那樣，正如…那樣”。

53.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _D_ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A while B since C after D as

precautions n.防治措施； precautions against 防治…的措施。

after being + 過(guò)去分詞，注意：after后面不能直接加過(guò)去分詞。

38.In developing countries people are _C_ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.A breaking B filling C pouring D hurrying pour into 涌入，蜂擁而入。break into 強(qiáng)行闖入。

39.It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _A_ by about 10%.[output 產(chǎn)量]

A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising 表達(dá)將來(lái)的行為在將來(lái)某時(shí)間之前完成用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。

40.If I had remembered _A_ the window, the thief would not have got in.A to close B closing C to have closed D having closed remember to do sth.記得要做某事但沒(méi)做。

41.There are other problems which I don't propose to _A_ at the moment.A go into B go around C go for D go up at the moment 目前，現(xiàn)在。go into 談?wù)摚懻摗?/p>

42.Don't get your schedule _C_;stay with us in this class.A to change B changing C changed D change

43.It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _A_ knowledge.A extensive B expansive C intensive D expensive

extensive adj.范圍廣大的，廣博的； extensive knowledge 知識(shí)淵博。

expansive adj.擴(kuò)張的，面積廣闊的； expensive adj.昂貴的，高價(jià)的。

intensive adj.仔細(xì)深入的，細(xì)致入微的。

54.The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into _C_ care.A tense B rigid C intensive D tight

to such an extent 到如此的程度。intensive care 特級(jí)護(hù)理。

44.Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _B_ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A has to get B were to get C had got D could have got

46.A love marriage, however, does not necessarily _B_ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.[a love marriage因相愛(ài)而結(jié)婚形成的婚姻] A take over B result in C hold on D keep to

not necessarily 未必； interests n.利益。take over 接管，接收；

result in 導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是； hold on 堅(jiān)持，挺住； keep to 堅(jiān)持，遵守。

47.The ability to store knowledge makes computers different form every other machine _A_ invented.[ever adj.曾經(jīng)，以往任何時(shí)候] A ever B thus C yet D as

48.I'm not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can't make a(n)_C_ promise to help you.A exact B defined C definite D sure

definite: unlikely to be changed 不可能被改變的； definite promise 不可能被改變的諾言。

49.I have kept that portrait _B_ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.A which B where C whether D when

which在定語(yǔ)從句中除了做主語(yǔ)就是做賓語(yǔ)，when在定語(yǔ)從句中只能做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事。

50.The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally _D_ because of the bad weather.[sports meet=sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)] A set off B broken off C worn off D called off-------------------------1997-01-------------------------21.Until then, his family _D_ from him for six months.A didn't hear B hasn't been hearing C hasn't heard D hadn't heard until then 直到那時(shí)。hear from sb.收到某人的來(lái)信，得到某人的消息。

22.The conference _B_ a full week by the time it ends.A must have lasted B will have lasted C would last D has lasted 見(jiàn)到介詞by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)是完成時(shí)態(tài)。

24.Physics is _B_ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.A alike B equivalent C likely D uniform

be alike to sb.對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)均是一樣的。be equivalent to 相當(dāng)于。

All tastes are alike to him.所有味道對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)都一樣。

27.The new appointment of our president _A_ from the very beginning of next semester.A takes effect B takes part C takes place D takes turns

semester n.學(xué)期； president n.大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)； take effect 生效，發(fā)生效力；

take part in 參與，參加； take place=happen 發(fā)生； takes turn to do sth.輪流做某事。

28.The president made a _A_ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A vigorous B tedious C flat D harsh

ceremony n.典禮，儀式；表達(dá)在某個(gè)典禮上介詞用at。vigorous adj.強(qiáng)勁有力的，強(qiáng)有力的。

harsh adj.刺耳的，令人不愉快的； flat adj.平淡無(wú)奇的； tedious adj.冗長(zhǎng)無(wú)聊的。

29.It is useful to be able to predict the extent _C_ which a price change will affect supply and demand.[extent to]

A from B with C to D for

30.Finding a job in such a big company has always been _D_ his wildest dreams.29 A under B over C above D beyond beyond one’s wildest dreams 做夢(mèng)也想不到。

31.It is not easy to learn English well, but if you _C_, you will succeed in the end.A hang up B hang about C hang on D hang onto hang on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)下去。

32.It is reported that _C_ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A the most B most of C most D the most of

most單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候有兩種詞性要考慮：1 adv.非常；2 adj.大多數(shù)的。

the most后面加多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成該句的最高級(jí)。

most of + 名詞，表示這些名詞中的大多數(shù)。make the most of 充分利用。

34._D_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.[Were they to arrive=If they were to arrive]

A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they arriving D Were they to arrive 35.The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _A_ and many houses collapsed.A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured

collapse vi.倒塌，坍塌； wreck vt.（船只）遭到破壞。

torn原形是tear，n.眼淚，vt.撕裂，撕開(kāi)。

37.As _B_ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.A being B is C to be D been

注意兩個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：as, which。

which在做非限定性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)： which前要有逗號(hào)與前面句子分開(kāi)； 2 which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句指的是前面整句話(huà)的內(nèi)容。

只要引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句as和which都指一句話(huà)內(nèi)容，區(qū)別在于which只能放在它所指那句話(huà)的后面，而as可以在前面也可以在后面。

38.You see the lightning _A_ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A the instant B for an instant C on the instant D in an instant the instant=as soon as 一…就…

39.The manager lost his _B_ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A mood B temper C mind D passion lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣。

40.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _C_ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A are to challenge B may be challenged C have been challenged D are challenging as表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語(yǔ)可以放在引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。

41.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _D_ the new carpet.A crash B pollute C spot D stain

pollute vt.污染； spot n.地點(diǎn)，場(chǎng)所，斑點(diǎn)，污點(diǎn)；v.使…上有斑點(diǎn)、污點(diǎn)。

spotted dog 斑點(diǎn)狗。stain v.弄臟，玷污，染色。

59.The tomato juice left brown _A_ on the front of my jacket.A spot B point C track D trace

42.I'd rather read than watch television;the programs seem _B_ all the time.A to get worse B to be getting worse C to have got worse D getting worse

all the time 始終，一直。

43.Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are _D_ in grocery stores.A ready B approachable C probable D available

convenience foods 方便食品； instant coffee/noodle 速容咖啡/速食面。

ready adj.準(zhǔn)備好的； approachable adj.可接近的，平易近人的，親切的。

probable adj.可能的； available adj.可獲得的，可利用的，可支配的。

44.When I caught him _A_ I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A cheating B cheat C to cheat D to be cheating

45.It is important that enough money _A_ to fund the project.A be collected B must be collected C was collected D can be collected 46.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _C_ so much noise.A resist B sustain C tolerate D undergo tolerate vt.忍受，容忍； undergo vt.經(jīng)歷，遭受。

48._C_ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.[at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度] A On B By C At D Of

49._A_ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A Believe B To believe C Believing D Believed believe it or not 信不信由你。creat a stir 引起轟動(dòng)。

50.Mr.Morgan can be very sad _C_, though in public he is extremely cheerful.A by himself B in person C in private D as individual in public 在公眾面前； in private 私下單獨(dú)一個(gè)人的時(shí)候。

第6課

關(guān)于逗號(hào)的一些知識(shí)

原則：逗號(hào)沒(méi)有能力連接兩個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子。

如何區(qū)分短語(yǔ)與句子？一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)如果有完整的謂語(yǔ)部分就是句子。

何為完整的謂語(yǔ)部分？如果能判斷出一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)就可以稱(chēng)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)為完整的謂語(yǔ)部分。

在什么樣的情況下一個(gè)逗號(hào)可以將句子分成兩部分，而這兩部分都有完整的謂語(yǔ)呢？?jī)蓚€(gè)句子中間有連接詞連接； 這兩個(gè)句子是主從句關(guān)系（主從句之間一定要有句子引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)）。

10.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer.[declined v.婉言謝絕]

A not being finished B not having finished C had not been finished D was not finished

42.A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising.[survey 調(diào)查]

A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which

51.All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train.[having been canceled這里是獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語(yǔ)] A had been canceled B have been canceled C were canceled D having been canceled

31-------------------------1999-01-------------------------

46._A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.[variable n.變項(xiàng)，變量；model vt.建模] A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as

even if 即使，即便； so long as（后面加句子時(shí)）只要。

47.My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight.The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.A would leave B will have left C has left D had left 將來(lái)完成時(shí)：will have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

49.Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched

sting v.（蜜蜂）叮，蟄； bite v.（蚊子等）咬； scratch vt.抓傷，劃破（通常指貓抓人）。

once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。

50.The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss

in vain 徒勞，白費(fèi)工夫； But很少與介詞without聯(lián)用； at a loss 不知所措。

52._B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.A By B On C At D For

on后面加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示“在…之后”這個(gè)時(shí)間概念。

54.Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done

should have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該做； may have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示可能做過(guò)；

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)形式可能用到：would have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。

must have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè)。表示一定做過(guò)；

can't have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為進(jìn)行否定推測(cè)，表示不可能做過(guò)。

56.This crop does not do well in soils[各種土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.A outside B other than C beyond D rather than

outside prep.在…外邊； rather than 而不是（肯定前者，否定后者）。

beyond prep.超出…的范圍； beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的夢(mèng)想。

other than 不同于，而非，當(dāng)它與否定詞no或not出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中時(shí)表示“除…之外”。

66.In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A other than B more than C better than D rather than 63.My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.A mood B emotion C attitude D feeling

be in no mood to do/doing sth.沒(méi)有情緒（心情）做什么事情。

67.I'm sorry I can't see you immediately;but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you _B_.[in a moment 馬上，立即（它作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一定與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)搭配）= in an instant.] A for a moment B in a moment C for the moment D at the moment

68.The trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn't bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent.[trumpet 小號(hào)]

A than B more than C as D so much as

當(dāng)否定詞not與so much as出現(xiàn)在同一句子中時(shí)，它們的含義是：與其說(shuō)…不如說(shuō)… 70.Our journey was slow because the train stopped _D_ at different villages.A unceasingly B gradually C continuously D continually

unceasingly adv.不停止地，不休止地； gradually adv.逐漸地，逐步地；= step by step.continuously adv.連續(xù)不斷地； continually adv.時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地。

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43.Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _A_ populated regions of Western Europe.A densely B vastly C enormously D largely

densely populated 人口分布稠密； sparsely populated 人口分布稀疏。

52._D_ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.A None B Either C Both D Neither

none表示的是三者或三者以上都不； either表示的是兩者之間任意一者。

55.Beethoven is my favorite musician.I regard him as _A_ other musicians.A superior to B more superior than C more superior to D superior than 注意：具有比較意味的形容詞只需要與to搭配，而無(wú)須more, than。

58.She is a very _D_ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.A anxious B effective C adequate D efficient

anxious adj.憂(yōu)慮的，焦慮的； anxiety n.焦慮，憂(yōu)慮； effective adj.有效的；

take effective measures 采取有效的措施； adequate adj.充足的，足夠的；= surficient.efficient adj.效率高的，能勝任的。

64.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _B_ we organize and produce information.A in a way B in the way C in that way D in no way in the way 引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)表示“在...方面”。

170.Please move this chair, it is _A_.A in the way B on the way C in a way D by the way in the way在沒(méi)有引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)表示“擋路的，妨礙某人的”。

67.In Australia the Asians make their influence _C_ in businesses large and small.A feeling B feel C felt D to be felt

考試中常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞：make, get, keep, leave.考試中的形式：使役動(dòng)詞 + sb.(sth.)+ ___ 此時(shí)空格處應(yīng)填分詞

具體是要填現(xiàn)在還是過(guò)去分詞由空格前的sb.(sth.)決定，如果它是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者則填現(xiàn)在分詞，如果它是動(dòng)作的承受者則填過(guò)去分詞。

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41.He came back late, _B_ which time all the guests had already left.A after B by C at D during

介詞by引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一定與完成時(shí)態(tài)搭配。

45.His remarks left me _D_ about his real purpose.A wondered B wonder C to wonder D wondering

49.Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _D_.A blank B hollow C vacant D bare

blank adj.空白的（因?yàn)闆](méi)寫(xiě)字而空白）； hollow adj.空心的，中空的；

bare adj.光突突的（山上沒(méi)有樹(shù)和草）；沒(méi)帶首飾的； bald adj.禿頂?shù)摹?/p>

50.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _D_ heavy schedules.33 A with regard to B as to C in relation to D owing to owning to = due to 因?yàn)椤?/p>

52.William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _C_ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.A peculiarly B indifferently C vigorously D inevitably peculiar adj.奇特的； indifferently adv.冷漠地，不積極地；

vigorously adv.強(qiáng)有力的，強(qiáng)勁有力的； inevitably adv.不可避免地，必然地。

60.We have been told that under no circumstances _A_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A may we use B we may use C we could use D did we use

61.In previous times, then fresh meat was in short _D_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.[in short supply 供應(yīng)不足] A store B provision C reserve D supply

in previous times 從前； fresh water 淡水； fresh meat 鮮肉； dove n.鴿子；

bean curd 豆腐； Bible 圣經(jīng)； bible 具有權(quán)威性的書(shū)； God 上帝； god 神。

62.As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _C_ for our defense.A had been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken 以下幾個(gè)表示“指揮，命令”的動(dòng)詞：order, command, direct.在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)從句要用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)體現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

63.A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _A_ from the sort of candles used only in churches.A had come B coming C come D that came

65.I was _B_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A to B on C at D in

to the point of 到了…程度； on the point of doing sth.正要做某事情；

at the point of 在某點(diǎn)上； when除了表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”外，還可以表示“恰在此時(shí)”或“剛…就…” 68.The project _C_ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A accomplished B being accomplished

C to be accomplished D having been accomplished

69._C_ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.A If being B It is C There is D There being

evidence表示“證據(jù)”，最大的特點(diǎn)是后面經(jīng)常帶同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明證據(jù)的內(nèi)容。

language-acquiring ability 語(yǔ)言習(xí)得能力。evidence不用在“it is …”這種結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中。

64.After the guests left, she spent half an hour _C_ the sitting-room[客廳].A ordering B arranging C tidying up D clearing away

order vt.命令；訂購(gòu)；整理，使有條理性； order one's thoughts 整理思路，整理思緒；

arrange v.布置，安排； tidy up 整理，使整潔（后面通常加某個(gè)房間）；

clear away 把…清除掉。

67.A lorry[卡車(chē)] _A_ Jane's cat and sped away.A ran over B ran into C ran through D ran down

run over 撞倒并碾過(guò)； run into 不期然地遇到； run through 貫穿（多用于抽象事物）；

run down 貶低； run down one's opinion.34 70.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _A_.A appreciated B approved C appealed D applied

rare books 珍藏本的書(shū)籍； appreciate 重視，欣賞，感激； approve 批準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)，贊成；

approve of 贊成，滿(mǎn)意； apply 應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用；

appeal 呼吁（表示此意義時(shí)它經(jīng)常于for搭配）；申訴，上訴（表示此意義時(shí)它要于to搭配）。

-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------15.Will you _C_ coming to dinner with me? A have the pleasure of B give the pleasure in C do me the pleasure of D take pleasure in

pleasure n.榮幸； 第二選項(xiàng)的正確形式應(yīng)為：give me the pleasure of C選項(xiàng)也可寫(xiě)為：do me the favor(favour)of

18._C_ Goul had said it, he knew what a mistake he had made.A at once B No sooner C The moment D Hardly

以下幾個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞都可以表示“一…就…”：as soon as, the instant, the moment.25.Norin received a bad wound _B_ the leg when he was shot at.A on B in C at D of

表示身體某一部位受傷用介詞in。hit sb.in the face 打某人一個(gè)耳光。

28.Cork was angry;_D_ he listened to me.A and B but C so D nevertheless

cork n.軟木塞。nevertheless conj.盡管如此。

34.That _A_ instrument can record even very slightly changes.A delicate B feeble C sensible D feasible

instrument n.儀器，（彈奏的）樂(lè)器； delicate instrument 精密儀器。

delicate adj.精密的，準(zhǔn)確的； feeble adj.軟弱的，無(wú)力的； sensible adj.明智的；

sensitive adj.敏感的； be sensitive to 對(duì)…很敏感； feasible adj.可行的，行得通的。

40.Let’s begin the lesson at the place where we _A_ last time.A left off B left out C left to D left up leave off 停止，中斷； leave out = omit 遺漏；

43.Education does not _D_ simply _D_ learning a lot of facts.A consist;of B consist;from C consist;for D consist;in consist of 包括； consist in（抽象意義的）在于 = lie in在于。

49.There is no tree _A_ bears some fruit.A but B which C that D unless

but用在否定句中并且后面引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子時(shí)相當(dāng)于“that...not”。

本句可改寫(xiě)為這種形式：There is no tree that does not bears some fruit.50.“Will you be able to finish the job this week?” “_D_.”

A I don’t know so B I can’t say so C I’m not sure so D I don’t expect so I don't expect so 恐怕不行。

394.“I hope that John will play basketball tomorrow.” “Yes, I _D_.” A hope it too B hope too C hope that too D hope so too 395.“I slipped on the stairs.I think my arm is broke.” “Oh, I _D_.” A do not hope so B do not hope C hope not so D hope not 肯定用：I hope so.否定用：I hope not.51.She died when she was ninety, not of old age, but _B_ head injury when she fell down a 35 flight of stairs.A of B from C with D for

die of 表示因年老，疾病或饑餓而死亡； die from 指因?yàn)槭軅劳觥?/p>

57.You have no busniess _D_ to me the way you did the other day.A to be talked B being talked C to talk D talking have no business doing sth.沒(méi)有理由（權(quán)利）做某事。

132._B_ day Bill was starting his motor-bike when his sister Mary came out and asked for a lift.[the other day 幾天前]

A Some B The other C Another D On one 65.I’d just as soon _A_ rudely to her.A you didn’t speak B that you don’t speak C that you won’t speak D you hadn’t speak

wish, would rather后面加句子，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

would just as soon的用法與would rather完全相同。

69.Which screw do you want? _A_ will do.A Any one B Not one C Everyone D Anyone

any one 任何一個(gè)（指事物）； no one 沒(méi)有人； everyone 每個(gè)人； anyone 任何人。

73.I suppose you’re not serious, _C_? A don’t you B do I C are you D aren’t you 主、從句整體變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)通常都與主句保持一致。

但suppose, think, believe, imagine這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面加了賓語(yǔ)從句，然后對(duì)整個(gè)句子來(lái)變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)反意疑問(wèn)句部分與從句保持一致。

82.The chair belongs _B_ the corner.A to B in C on D with

belong to 屬于（表示歸屬關(guān)系）； belong in 在…有適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?/p>

94.The terrible noise is _B_ me mad.A turing B driving C setting D putting drive sb.mad(crazy)使某人發(fā)瘋。

114.We are bound _B_ with difficulties in our English study.A to have met B to meet C meeting D having met be bound to do sth.一定會(huì)做某事。

118.Everyone assumed what he said _B_ based on facts.A is B to be C were D being

assume sb.(sth.)to do sth.想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為某人（某事物）要做某事。

assume + that引導(dǎo)的從句。

129.The shape of Italy on a map has often been compared _C_ a long Wellington boot.A as B with C to D against

compare與with搭配，表示將A與B進(jìn)行比較； compare與to搭配，表示將A比作B。

130.Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few _C_ apartments in the area.A free B empty C vacant D reserved vacant adj.空閑的。

144.I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt _B_ he can do a good job of it.A whether B that C when D what

doubt + whether引導(dǎo)的從句，懷疑是否… ； doubt + that引導(dǎo)的從句。對(duì)...真的有疑慮。

156.Let bygones be bygones.Don’t _D_ so much on the past.A lie B lay C dwelt D dwell

let bygones be bygones.讓過(guò)去的過(guò)去吧。dwell vi.居住； dwell on 老是想著… 162.Intellect is to the mind _B_ sight is to the body.A which B what C where D but

what這時(shí)連接兩個(gè)句子，表示“有如”或“就像…一樣”。

what只有用在這種“A對(duì)于B來(lái)說(shuō)就象C對(duì)于D一樣”句型當(dāng)中時(shí)。

Air is to man what water is to the fish.空氣對(duì)于人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)就象水對(duì)于魚(yú)來(lái)說(shuō)一樣重要。

165.His honesty is _D_, nobody can doubt it.A in question B beside the question C out of the question D without question in question = under discussion 正在討論中的； beside the question 離題，與題無(wú)關(guān)；

out of the question 不可能的； out of question 沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的；

without question 沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的 = out of question.172.Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden.New York is _A_.A a case in point B a case to point C the case D in the case of a case in point 有說(shuō)服力的例子。

185.“Frank is up late working again.”

“This is the third time this week he’s had to study late, _A_?” A isn’t it B hasn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t he 這里it是代詞，指代前面整句話(huà)的內(nèi)容。

表示“第幾次做某事”變成反意疑問(wèn)句經(jīng)常用it指代整句話(huà)的內(nèi)容。

252.This is the first time that he has felt really relaxed for months, _B_? A hasn’t he B isn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t it 191.A judge must be _B_ when weighing evidence.A interested B disinterested C uninterested D disconnected

weigh vt.斟酌，考慮； interested adj.有興趣的； disinterested adj.公正的，無(wú)私的；

uninterested adj.不感興趣的； disconnected adj.分離的，不連貫的。

217.Although he sometimes lost his temper, his pupils liked him _D_ for it.A not so much B not so little C no more D no less lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣。

222.Wise men seek after truth, _A_ fools desire knowledge.A whereas B or C as well as D hence whereas conj.反之，但是。

239.Water and air are _D_ to living.A independent B initial C dependent D indispensable be indispensable to 至關(guān)重要的，不可或缺的；

240.This report throws light _B_ the situation.A in B on C with D to

throw light on 把光投到…上去，（引申）清楚的闡述。

246._B_ that we will go abroad.A It’s like B Chances are C The most likely D Chances will be chances are 很有可能… ； chances were 很有可能… 253.Is there any chance _B_?

A whichever B whatsoever C wherever D whenever

whatsoever經(jīng)常放在一些名詞后面作后置定語(yǔ)，表示“任何的”或“絲毫的”。

whatsoever作后置定語(yǔ)通常放在有any的，或者是否定的句子中。

262.She is so clever as to speak several foreign languages, not to _D_ of English.A say B tell C read D speak not speak of 更不用說(shuō) = not to mention 270.What he did was _C_ than a practical joke.A anything else B or else C nothing else D more else practical joke 惡作劇； nothing else than 只不過(guò)，僅僅。

283.I’ll be away for about six months but you can write to me _A_ my brother.A in care of B by care of C with care of D under care of in care of 由…轉(zhuǎn)交。= C/O

284.Correct the errors, _D_, in the sentence.A if there will be any B if there are some C if they have any D if any if any是一個(gè)口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常加的插入語(yǔ)成分，表示“如果說(shuō)有…的話(huà)”。

288.There is no point _C_ in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything _C_ the people who have to stay here.A remaining … helping B to remain … to help C in remaining … to help D in remaining … helping

there is no point in doing sth.做某事也是毫無(wú)意義； 這里point表示“作用，用途”。

291.Do most of us seeing people grasp casually the outward features of a face and _D_? A let it alone B let alone C let well alone D let it go at that seeing people 視力健全的人； casually 隨意地，隨便地；

let is go at that表示“不去多操心，不再多說(shuō)，隨它去了”。

316.The policemen went into action _C_ they heard the alarm.A presently B promptly C directly D quickly directly adv.直接的； conj.一…就…，一當(dāng)…時(shí)候。

表示“一…就…”的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)：as soon as, the instant, the moment, directly.323.The cat is, _D_, a member of the family.A as to speak B no wonder C as a fact D so to speak so to speak 可以這么說(shuō)。

335.“What can I do for you?” “If you _C_ see Mr.Keller, give him my regards.” A would B will C should D shall regard n.關(guān)心，致意，問(wèn)候，考慮；

356.The Mayor and Corporation of Hamelin were _A_ for some way of ridding the town of rats.[The Mayor and Corporation 市長(zhǎng)和市政當(dāng)局]

A at their wit’s end B at their wits end C in their wit’s end D for their wits end at one's wit's end 智窮才竭，黔驢技窮。

383.I think your sister is old enough to know _B_ to spend all her money on fancy goods.A other than B better than C rather than D more than know better than 明白事理而不至于做…

417.The police looked _B_ the past record of the suspect.A in B into C for D of

第三篇：新東方四級(jí)高頻詞匯

需要辨析的：

1.call off（取消、放棄）和 call up（召集、喚起）2.adapt to 和 adopt

3.arise 和 arouse 4.count on = rely on 5.cope with = deal with

6.no doubt 和 in doubt 7.employee 和 employer 8.general 和 generous

9.instant 和 constant 10.lie（及物）和 lay（不及物）11.regulate 和 regular

12.supply（有目的提供）和 offer（無(wú)目的提供）

語(yǔ)法：（分值小）

1． 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

表示建議的幾個(gè)詞：wish, would rather, had rather;

it is time that + 過(guò)去式；

it is high time that + 過(guò)去式；

but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +動(dòng)詞原型。

2． 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：

最常考：不定式 表示主動(dòng)、將來(lái)，通常愛(ài)做后置定語(yǔ)；

其次考：分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成。通常做狀語(yǔ)。

再次考：動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)詞名詞化，做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。

3． 時(shí)態(tài)：

按出題可能性大小依次為：將來(lái)完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

4． 語(yǔ)態(tài)：

肯定考被動(dòng)。

作文：（肯定是議論文、最有沖刺性）

什么樣的英雄是你心目中的英雄（有可能出）

適合才是找工作的關(guān)鍵（有可能出）

學(xué)校點(diǎn)名有沒(méi)有必要

談一下你對(duì)atm機(jī)的看法（有可能出）

防盜門(mén)窗有沒(méi)有用

你對(duì)打折的看法

演講稿的開(kāi)頭致歡迎詞

獨(dú)生子女的利弊

你怎么看待電視購(gòu)物，電子購(gòu)物

網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利弊 －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－（最有可能！）

閱讀：

必考體裁：

1。美國(guó)文化生活實(shí)文

提示：1。friend,關(guān)于友誼；2。家庭，父母，養(yǎng)父母；3。“死亡”話(huà)題，安樂(lè)死；4。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題

2。教育學(xué)

提示：1。imitation(模仿)；2。中美教育差別；3。選專(zhuān)業(yè)，找工作

3。自然學(xué)科

提示：讀什么選什么。＊只要有 all 或only 的選項(xiàng)就排除。

出題原則：

1． 轉(zhuǎn)折原則：出現(xiàn)but、however肯定出題；

2． 原因原則：出現(xiàn)because、reason、witse（由于）、be due to（由于）肯定出題；

3． 比較原則：在讀文章時(shí)，遇到比較原則的特征詞做出標(biāo)記，以便定位；

題干當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)特征詞，回原文定位時(shí)，必須有相同或類(lèi)似的說(shuō)法出現(xiàn)；

要是選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了特征詞，如果要選，原文中必須有出處，但通常無(wú)出處，所以常排除。

特征詞：best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more?than?.as?.as?.、only、sole、unique

4．例證原則：例子本身不重，所支持的觀(guān)點(diǎn)、論斷最重要。

做題技巧：

－－－－－－細(xì)節(jié)題：

1． 文章議論順序和出題順序一致；

2． 從題干中尋找典型的特征詞回原文中定位；

常用定位詞：時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人名，特征名詞及其定語(yǔ)

3． 從選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中尋找一個(gè)與所定位內(nèi)容意思最接近的作為正確答案。

排除法：1。分清有無(wú)，2。分清強(qiáng)弱，3。分清主次，4。分清正反，5。分清寬窄，6。分清全偏。

＊ ＊＊選項(xiàng)中有以下幾個(gè)詞則排除：totally, compalatly, unlimitely.－－－－－－態(tài)度題：

永遠(yuǎn)不可能為答案的詞：indifferent（漠不關(guān)心的），subject（主觀(guān)的）

常選詞：

樂(lè)觀(guān)、贊揚(yáng)：positive（支持），accurate，optimistic（樂(lè)觀(guān)的）

中立： objective（客觀(guān)的）在自然科學(xué)文章中常作正確選項(xiàng)

neutral（中立的）在自然科學(xué)文章中常作正確選項(xiàng)

悲觀(guān)、批評(píng)：critical（批評(píng)的），negative，pessimistic（悲觀(guān)的）

出處：1。主題句，2。例證的傾向性，3，修飾語(yǔ)的感情色彩

－－－－－－topic題（1個(gè)）：

1． 文章的topic（議論對(duì)象、說(shuō)明對(duì)象）必須存在于正確答案當(dāng)中；

在文章中尋找topic：從前不從后，從多不從少。

2． 排除：文章所談的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容和段落內(nèi)容永遠(yuǎn)不可能成為答案；

3． 主題句的出處：文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。

－－－－－－infer題（1—2個(gè)）：

1． 基本原則：從選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中尋找一個(gè)與原文意思最相近的作為正確答案；

2． 從選項(xiàng)下手，運(yùn)用排除法。

－－－－－－詞匯和指代合在一起（出一題）：

1． 指代：在文章中找到位置往前找，離它最近的名詞、詞組和句子；

2． 詞匯：從該詞附近的定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句、逗號(hào)和破折號(hào)中間的插入語(yǔ)并列結(jié)構(gòu)

四級(jí)詞匯主要由：基礎(chǔ)詞匯＋四級(jí)高頻詞匯＋詞組

我將會(huì)在今后的一個(gè)月內(nèi)每天上傳四級(jí)的高頻詞匯。一天記30個(gè)詞匯，經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)月的突擊努力，將會(huì)使你的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)更加有的放矢，詞匯積累過(guò)程就會(huì)相應(yīng)縮短，少走彎路，避免無(wú)效的重復(fù)。1.alter v.改變，改動(dòng)，變更 2.burst vi.,n.突然發(fā)生，爆裂

3.dispose vi.除掉；處置；解決；處理(of)4.blast n.爆炸；氣流 vi.炸，炸掉 5.consume v.消耗，耗盡

6.split v.劈開(kāi)；割裂；分裂 a.裂開(kāi)的 7.spit v.吐（唾液等）；唾棄 8.spill v.溢出，濺出，倒出 9.slip v.滑動(dòng)，滑落；忽略

10.slide v.滑動(dòng)，滑落 n.滑動(dòng)；滑面；幻燈片

11.bacteria n.細(xì)菌

12.breed n.種，品種 v.繁殖，產(chǎn)仔 13.budget n.預(yù)算 v.編預(yù)算，作安排 14.candidate n.候選人 15.campus n.校園

16.liberal a.慷慨的；豐富的；自由的 17.transform v.轉(zhuǎn)變，變革；變換 18.transmit v.傳播，播送；傳遞 19.transplant v.移植

20.transport vt.運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送 n.運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)輸工具 21.shift v.轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)變 22.vary v.變化，改變；使多樣化 23.vanish vi.消滅，不見(jiàn)

24.swallow v.吞下，咽下 n.燕子 25.suspicion n.懷疑，疑心 26.suspicious a.懷疑的，可疑的

27.mild a.溫暖的，暖和的；溫柔的，味淡的 28.tender a.溫柔的；脆弱的

29.nuisance n.損害，妨害，討厭（的人或事物）30.insignificant a.無(wú)意義的，無(wú)足輕重的；無(wú)價(jià)值的 31.accelerate vt.加速，促進(jìn)

32.absolute a.絕對(duì)的，無(wú)條件的；完全的 33.boundary n.分界線(xiàn)，邊界

34.brake n.剎車(chē)，制動(dòng)器 v.剎住（車(chē)）35.catalog n.目錄（冊(cè)）v.編目 36.vague a.模糊的，不明確的 37.vain n.徒勞，白費(fèi) 38.extinct a.絕滅的，熄滅的

39.extraordinary a.不平常的，特別的，非凡的 40.extreme a.極度的，極端的 n.極端，過(guò)分 41.agent n.代理人，代理商；動(dòng)因，原因 42.alcohol n.含酒精的飲料，酒精 43.appeal n./vi.呼吁，懇求 44.appreciate vt.重視，賞識(shí)，欣賞 45.approve v.贊成，同意，批準(zhǔn) 46.stimulate vt.刺激，激勵(lì) 47.acquire vt.取得，獲得；學(xué)到 48.accomplish vt.完成，到達(dá)；實(shí)行

49.network n.網(wǎng)狀物；廣播網(wǎng)，電視網(wǎng)；網(wǎng)絡(luò) 50.tide n.潮汐；潮流 51.tidy a.整潔的，整齊的

52.trace vt.追蹤，找到 n.痕跡，蹤跡 53.torture n./vt.拷打，折磨 54.wander vi.漫游，閑逛

55.wax n.蠟 56.weave v.織，編

57.preserve v.保護(hù)，保存，保持，維持 61.abuse v.濫用，虐待；謾罵

62.academic a.學(xué)術(shù)的；高等院校的；研究院的 63.academy n.（高等）專(zhuān)科院校；學(xué)會(huì) 64.battery n.電池（組）65.barrier n.障礙；棚欄

66.cargo n.（船、飛機(jī)等裝載的）貨物 67.career n.生涯，職業(yè)

68.vessel n.船舶；容器，器皿；血管 69.vertical a.垂直的

70.oblige v.迫使，責(zé)成；使感激 71.obscure a.陰暗，模糊

72.extent n.程度，范圍，大小，限度 73.exterior n.外部，外表 a.外部的，外表的 74.external a.外部的，外表的，外面的 75.petrol n.汽油 76.petroleum n.石油

77.delay vt./n.推遲，延誤，耽擱 78.decay vi.腐爛，腐朽 79.decent a.像樣的，體面的 80.route n.路；路線(xiàn)；航線(xiàn)

81.ruin v.毀壞，破壞 n.毀滅，[pl.]廢墟 82.sake n.緣故，理由 83.satellite n.衛(wèi)星

84.scale n.大小，規(guī)模；等級(jí)；刻度 85.temple n.廟宇

86.tedious a.乏味道，單調(diào)的，87.tend vi.易于，趨向 88.tendency n.趨向，趨勢(shì)

89.ultimate a.極端的，最大的，最終的 n.極端 90.undergo v.經(jīng)歷，遭受

91.abundant a.豐富的，充裕的，大量的 92.adopt v.收養(yǎng)；采用；采納

93.adapt vi.適應(yīng)，適合；改編，改寫(xiě) vt.使適應(yīng) 94.bachelor n.學(xué)士，學(xué)士學(xué)位；單身漢 95.casual a.偶然的，碰巧的；臨時(shí)的；非正式的 96.trap n.陷阱，圈套 v.設(shè)陷阱捕捉 97.vacant a.空的，未占用的 98.vacuum n.真空，真空吸塵器 99.oral a.口頭的，口述的，口的 100.optics n.（單、復(fù)數(shù)同形）光學(xué) 101.organ n.器官，風(fēng)琴

102.excess n.過(guò)分，過(guò)量，過(guò)剩 103.expel v.驅(qū)逐，開(kāi)除，趕出 104.expend v.消費(fèi)

105.expenditure n.支出，消費(fèi)；經(jīng)費(fèi) 106.expense n.開(kāi)銷(xiāo)，費(fèi)用

107.expensive a.花錢(qián)多的；價(jià)格高貴的 108.expand v.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張；展開(kāi)，膨脹 109.expansion n.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)充；發(fā)展，膨脹 110.private a.私人的，個(gè)人的

111.individual a.個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的 n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體 112.personal a.個(gè)人的，私人的；親自的 114.personnel n.[總稱(chēng)]人員，員工；人事部門(mén) 115.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 116.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 117.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 118.the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋 119.grant vt.授予，同意，準(zhǔn)予 119.grand a.宏偉大，壯麗的，重大的 120.invade v.侵入，侵略，侵襲

121.acid n.酸，酸性物質(zhì) a.酸的；尖刻的 122.acknowledge v.承認(rèn)；致謝 123.balcony n.陽(yáng)臺(tái) 124.calculate vt.計(jì)算，核算 125.calendar n.日歷，月歷 126.optimistic a.樂(lè)觀(guān)

127.optional a.可以任選的，非強(qiáng)制的 128.outstanding a.杰出的，突出的，顯著的 129.export n.出口（物）v.出口，輸出 130.import n.進(jìn)口（物）v.進(jìn)口，輸入 131.impose vt.把...加強(qiáng)(on)；采用，利用 132.religion n.宗教，宗教信仰 133.religious a.宗教的 134.victim n.犧牲品，受害者

135.video n.電視，視頻 a.電視的，錄像的 136.videotape n.錄像磁帶 v.把...錄在錄像帶上 137.offend v.冒犯，觸犯 138.bother v.打攪，麻煩 139.interfere v.干涉，干擾，妨礙 140.internal a.內(nèi)部的，國(guó)內(nèi)的 141.beforehand ad.預(yù)先，事先 142.racial a.人種的種族的 143.radiation n.放射物，輻射 144.radical a.根本的；激進(jìn)的

145.range n.幅度，范圍 v.（在某范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)

146.wonder n.驚奇，奇跡 v.想知道，對(duì)...感到疑惑 147.isolate vt.使隔離，使孤立

148.issue n.問(wèn)題，爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)；發(fā)行，（報(bào)刊）一期 149.hollow a.空的，中空的，空虛道 150.hook n.鉤 vt.鉤住 151.adequate a.適當(dāng)?shù)兀蛔銐?/p>

152.adhere vi.粘附，附著；遵守，堅(jiān)持 153.ban vt.取締，禁止 154.capture vt.俘虜，捕獲

155.valid a.有效的，有根據(jù)的；正當(dāng)?shù)?156.valley n.山谷，峽谷

157.consistent a.堅(jiān)固定；一致的，始終如一的 158.continuous a.繼續(xù)的，連續(xù)（不斷）的 159.continual a.不斷地，頻繁的 160.explode v.爆炸；爆發(fā)；激增 161.exploit v.剝削；利用，開(kāi)采 162.explore v.勘探

163.explosion n.爆炸；爆發(fā)；激增 164.explosive a.爆炸的；極易引起爭(zhēng)論的 165.remote a.遙遠(yuǎn)的，偏僻的 166.removal n.除去，消除 167.render vt.使得，致使

167.render 解釋比較長(zhǎng)，可要仔細(xì)體會(huì)啊！

1.render sth(for sth)；rendersth(to sb)give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 給予某物作為報(bào)償或用以交換；回報(bào)；歸還

render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、順從、效忠等： a reward for services rendered 服務(wù)的酬金 render good for evil 以德報(bào)怨 render insult for insult 以侮辱對(duì)侮辱

render sb a service/render a service to sb 為某人服務(wù) render help to disaster victims 向?yàn)?zāi)民提供援助 render thanks to God 感謝上帝

2.present or send in(an account)for payment 遞交或開(kāi)出（帳單）： account rendered $50 開(kāi)出50美元的帳單

3.cause(sb/sth)to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）處于某種狀況： rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手無(wú)策

Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你們的這種做法導(dǎo)致雙方的合同失敗。

4.[esp passive 尤用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)] give a performance of(music,a play,a character.etc);give a portrayal of(sb/sth)in painting,etc.演奏（音樂(lè)）；演出（戲劇）；扮演（角色）；以繪畫(huà)等表現(xiàn)（某人[某物]）： The piano solo was well rendered.那支鋼琴獨(dú)奏曲彈得真好。'Othello' was rendered rather poorly.《奧賽羅》這出戲演得不好。

The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly.該藝術(shù)家把她那溫柔的笑容表現(xiàn)得惟妙惟肖。5.render sth(into sth)express sth in another language;translate sth.翻譯某事物： How would you render 'bon voyage'(into English)? 'bon voyage'怎么翻譯（成英語(yǔ)）？

Rendering poetry into other language is difficult.翻譯詩(shī)歌是很困難的。

6.cover(stone or brick)with a first layer of plaster 在（石或磚）上抹灰泥打底： render walls 在墻上抹底灰

7.（習(xí)語(yǔ)）render an zccount of oneself,one's behaviour,etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc.為自己的言行等作解釋或辯護(hù).8.render sth down： make(eg fat,lard)liquid by heating it;melt sth down 將（脂肪、豬油等）熬成油；熔化某物。render sth up：hand over or surrender sth;yield sth.移交或交出某物；放棄某事物： render up a fort,town,etc to the enemy 放棄要塞、城市等被敵人占領(lǐng)(fig比喻)He rendered up his soul to God,ie died.他魂歸天國(guó)了 168.precaution n.預(yù)防，防備，警惕 169.idle a.懶散的，無(wú)所事事的 170.identify vt.認(rèn)出，鑒定 171.identify n.身份；個(gè)性，特性 172.poverty n.貧窮

173.resistant a.(to)抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的 174.resolve vt.解決；決定，決意 175.barrel n.桶

176.bargain n.便宜貨 vi.討價(jià)還價(jià) 177.coarse a.粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的 178.coach n.教練；長(zhǎng)途公共汽車(chē) 179.code n.準(zhǔn)則，法規(guī)，密碼 180.coil n.線(xiàn)圈 v.卷，盤(pán)繞

181.adult n.成年人 182.advertise v.為...做廣告 183.advertisement n.廣告 184.agency n.代理商，經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商

185.focus v.（使）聚集 n.焦點(diǎn)，中心，聚焦 186.forbid vt.不許，禁止 187.debate n./v.辯論，爭(zhēng)論 188.debt n.欠債 189.decade n.十年

190.enclose vt.圍住；把...裝入信封 191.encounter vt./n.遭遇，遭到 192.globe n.地球，世界；地球儀 193.global a.全球的；總的 194.scan vt.細(xì)看；掃描；瀏覽 195.scandal n.丑事，丑聞 196.significance n.意義；重要性 197.subsequent a.隨后的，后來(lái)的 198.virtue n.美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)

199.virtual a.實(shí)際上的，事實(shí)上的

200.orient vt.使適應(yīng)，(to,toward)使朝向 n.東方 201.portion n.一部分

202.target n.目標(biāo)，靶子 vt.瞄準(zhǔn)

203.portable a.手提式的 204.decline v.拒絕，謝絕；下降 205.illusion n.錯(cuò)覺(jué)

206.likelihood n.可能，可能性 207.stripe n.條紋

208.emphasize vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重 209.emotion n.情感，感情

210.emotional a.感情的，情緒（上）的211.awful a.極壞的，威嚴(yán)的，可怕的 212.awkward a.笨拙的，棘手的 213.clue n.線(xiàn)索，提示 214.collision n.碰撞，沖突 215.device n.裝置，設(shè)備 216.devise vt.發(fā)明，策劃，想出 217.inevitable a.不可避免的 218.naval a.海軍的 219.navigation n.航行

220.necessity n.必需品；必要性 221.previous a.先，前，以前的

222.provision n.[pl.]給養(yǎng)，口糧；準(zhǔn)備，設(shè)備，裝置 223.pursue vt.追逐；追求；從事，進(jìn)行 224.stale a.不新鮮的，陳腐的 225.substitute n.代用品 vt.代替 226.deserve vt.應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得，值得 227.discrimination n.歧視；辨別力 228.professional a.職業(yè)的，專(zhuān)門(mén)的 229.secure a.安全的，可靠的 230.security n.安全，保障 231.scratch v./n.抓，搔，扒 232.talent n.才能，天資；人才 233.insurance n.保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) 234.insure vt.給...保險(xiǎn)，保證，確保 235.nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不過(guò) 236.neutral a.中立的，中性的

237.spot n.地點(diǎn)；斑點(diǎn) vt.認(rèn)出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；玷污 238.spray v.噴，（使）濺散

239.medium a.中等的，適中的 n.媒介物，新聞媒介 240.media n.新聞傳媒 241.auxiliary a.輔助的，備用的 242.automatic a.自動(dòng)的 243.compete vi.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽

244.competent a.有能力的，能勝任的 245.competition n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽 246.distribute vt.分發(fā)

247.disturb vt.打攪，妨礙 248.infer v.推論，推斷

249.integrate v.(into,with)（使）成為一體，（使）合并 250.moist a.潮濕 251.moisture n.潮濕 252.promote vt.促進(jìn)；提升 253.region n.地區(qū)；范圍；幅度 254.register v./n.登記，注冊(cè) 255.stable a.穩(wěn)定的

256.sophisticated a.老于世故的，老練的；很復(fù)雜的 257.splendid a.極好的，壯麗的，輝煌的 258.cancel vt.取消，廢除 259.variable a.易變的，可變的 260.prospect n.前景，前途；景象 261.prosperity n.興旺，繁榮 262.aspect n.方面；朝向；面貌 263.cope vi.(with)（成功地）應(yīng)付，處理 264.core n.果心，核心

265.maintain vt.維持，保持；堅(jiān)持，主張 266.mainland n.大陸

267.discipline n.紀(jì)律；懲罰；學(xué)科

268.domestic a.本國(guó)的，國(guó)內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的 269.constant a.不變的，恒定的 n.常數(shù)

270.cliff n.懸崖，峭壁

271.authority n.權(quán)威；當(dāng)局 272.audio a.聽(tīng)覺(jué) 273.attitude n.態(tài)度

274.community n.社區(qū)，社會(huì)

275.commit vt.犯（錯(cuò)誤，罪行等），干（壞事等）276.comment n./vt.評(píng)論 277.distinguish vt.區(qū)分，辨別 278.distress n.痛苦，悲傷 vt.使痛苦 279.facility n.[pl.] 設(shè)備，設(shè)施；便利，方便

280.faculty n.能力，技能；系，學(xué)科，學(xué)院；全體教員 281.mixture n.混合，混合物 282.mood n.心情，情緒；語(yǔ)氣 283.moral a.道德上的，有道德的 284.prominent a.突出的 285.substance n.物質(zhì)；實(shí)質(zhì)

286.substantial a.可觀(guān)的；牢固的；實(shí)質(zhì)的 287.prompt vt.促使 a.敏捷的，及時(shí)的 288.vivid a.生動(dòng)的

289.vocabulary n.詞匯（量）；詞匯表

290.venture n.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目 v.冒險(xiǎn)；取于

291.version n.版本，譯本；說(shuō)法 292.waist n.腰，腰部 293.weld v./n.焊接 294.yawn vi.打哈欠

295.yield vi.(to)屈服于；讓出，放棄 n.產(chǎn)量 296.zone n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域 297.strategy n.戰(zhàn)略，策略

298.strategic a.戰(zhàn)略（上）的，關(guān)鍵的 299.tense a.緊張的 v.拉緊 n.時(shí)態(tài) 300.tension n.緊張（狀態(tài)），張力

301.avenue n.林蔭道，大街

302.available a.現(xiàn)成可用的；可得到的 303.comparable a.(with,to)可比較的，類(lèi)似的 304.comparative a.比較的，相對(duì)的 305.dash vi.猛沖，飛奔 306.data n.數(shù)據(jù)，資料 307.dive vi.跳水，潛水

308.diverse a.不同的，多種多樣的 309.entitle vt.給...權(quán)利，給...資格 310.regulate vt.管理，調(diào)節(jié)

311.release vt./n.釋放，排放；解釋解脫 312.exaggerate v.夸大，夸張 313.evil a.邪惡的，壞的 314.shrink vi.起皺，收縮；退縮 315.subtract v.減（去）316.suburb n.市郊 317.subway n.地鐵

318.survey n./vt.調(diào)查，勘測(cè) 319.wealthy a.富裕的 320.adjust v.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié) 321.attach vt.系，貼；使附屬

322.profit n.利潤(rùn)，益處；v.有益于，有利于 323.profitable a.有利可圖的 324.slope n.斜坡，斜面 325.reinforce vt.增強(qiáng)，加強(qiáng) 326.reject vt.拒絕

327.fatal a.致命的；重大的 328.fate n.命運(yùn)

329.humble a.謙遜的；謙虛的 330.illegal a.不合法的，非法的331.award vt.授予，判給 n.獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金 332.aware a.意識(shí)到

333.column n.柱，圓柱；欄，專(zhuān)欄 334.comedy n.喜劇

335.dumb a.啞的；沉默的 336.dump vt.傾卸，傾倒 337.deaf a.聾的；不愿聽(tīng)的 338.decorate vt.裝飾，裝璜

339.principal a.最重要的 n.負(fù)責(zé)人，校長(zhǎng) 340.principle n.原則，原理 341.prior a.優(yōu)先的，在前的 342.priority n.優(yōu)先，重點(diǎn) 343.prohibit vt.禁止，不準(zhǔn)

344.remarkable a.值得注意的，異常的，非凡的 345.remedy n./vt.補(bǔ)救，醫(yī)治，治療 346.repetition n.重復(fù)，反復(fù) 347.vain a.徒勞的，無(wú)效的

348.undertake vt.承擔(dān)，著手做；同意，答應(yīng) 349.unique a.唯一的，獨(dú)特的 350.obstacle n.障礙（物），妨礙 351.odd a.奇特的，古怪的；奇數(shù)的 352.omit vt.省略

353.opponent n.敵手，對(duì)手 354.opportunity n.機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī) 355.orchestra n.管弦樂(lè)隊(duì) 356.semester n.學(xué)期；半年 357.semiconductor n.半導(dǎo)體 358.seminar n.研討會(huì)

359.terminal a.末端的，極限的 n.終點(diǎn) 360.territory n.領(lǐng)土

361.approximate a.大概的，大約 v.近似 362.arbitrary a.隨意的，未斷的 363.architect n.建筑師 364.architecture n.建筑學(xué) 365.biology n.生物學(xué) 366.geography n.地理（學(xué)）367.geology n.地質(zhì)學(xué) 368.geometry n.幾何（學(xué)）369.arichmetic n.算術(shù) 370.algebra n.代數(shù)

371.entertainment n.娛樂(lè)；招待，款待 372.enthusiasm n.熱情，熱心

373.entry n.進(jìn)入，入口處；參賽的人（或物）374.enviroment n.環(huán)境 375.episode n.插曲，片段 376.equation n.方程（式）377.restrain vt.阻止，抑制 378.restraint n.抑制，限制

379.resume v.（中斷后）重新開(kāi)始 380.severe a.嚴(yán)重的 381.sexual a.性的

382.simplicity n.簡(jiǎn)單；樸素 383.simplify vt.簡(jiǎn)化 384.sorrow n.悲哀，悲痛

385.stuff n.原料，材料 vt.填進(jìn)，塞滿(mǎn) 386.temporary a.暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的 387.temptation n.誘惑，引誘 388.terror n.恐怖 389.thrust v.擠，推，插 390.treaty n.條約，協(xié)定

391.arise vi.產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生；起身 392.arouse vt.引起，激起；喚醒 393.burden n.重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)荷 394.bureau n.局，辦事處

395.marveous a.奇跡般的，驚人的 396.massive a.大的，大量的，大塊的 397.mature a.成熟的

398.maximum a.最高的，最大的 399.minimum a.最低的，最小的 400.nonsense n.胡說(shuō)，冒失的行動(dòng) 401.nuclear a.核子的，核能的 402.nucleus n.核 403.retail n./v./ad.零售 404.retain vt.保留，保持 405.restrict vt.限制，約束

406.sponsor n.發(fā)起者，主辦者 vt.發(fā)起，主辦，資助 407.spur n./vt.刺激，激勵(lì) 408.triumph n.勝利，成功 409.tuition n.學(xué)費(fèi)

410.twist vt.使纏繞；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；扭歪 411.undergraduate n.大學(xué)肄業(yè)生 412.universal a.普遍的，通用的；宇宙的 413.universe n.宇宙

414.via prep.經(jīng)由，經(jīng)過(guò)，通過(guò) 415.vibrate v.振動(dòng)，搖擺 416.virus n.病毒 417.voluntary a.自愿的

418.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿（做）419.vote v.選舉 n.選票

420.wagon n.四輪馬車(chē)，鐵路貨車(chē)

421.appoint vt.任命，委派

422.approach v.靠近，接近n.途徑，方式

423.appropriate a.適當(dāng)?shù)?424.bunch n.群，伙；束，串

425.bundle n.捆，包，束 vt.收集，歸攏 426.ceremony n.典禮，儀式 427.chaos n.混亂，紊亂 428.discount n.（價(jià)格）折扣 429.display n./vt.陳列，展覽 430.equivalent a.相等的 a.相等物 431.erect a.豎直的 v.建造，豎立 432.fax n./vt.傳真

433.ferfile a.肥沃的；多產(chǎn)的 434.fertilizer n.肥料 435.grateful a.感激的 436.gratitude n.感激 437.horror n.恐怖 438.horrible a.可怕的

439.Internet n.國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因特網(wǎng) 440.interpret v.翻譯，解釋 441.interpretation n.解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明 442.jungle n.叢林，密林 443.knot n.結(jié) vt.把...打成結(jié) 444.leak v.漏，滲出 445.lean vi.傾斜，倚，靠 446.leap vi.跳躍 447.modify vt.修改 448.nylon n.尼龍 449.onion n.洋蔥 450.powder n.粉末

451.applicable a.可應(yīng)用的，適當(dāng)?shù)?452.applicant n.申請(qǐng)人 453.breadth n.寬度

454.conservation n.保存，保護(hù) 455.conservative a.保守的

456.parallel n.平行線(xiàn)；可相比擬的事物 457.passion n.激情，熱情 458.passive a.被動(dòng)的，消極的 459.pat v./n.輕拍，輕打 460.peak n.山峰，頂點(diǎn) 461.phenomenon n.現(xiàn)象

462.reluctant a.不情愿的，勉強(qiáng)的 463.rely vi.(on ,upon)依賴(lài)，指望 464.relevant a.有關(guān)的，切題的 465.reliable a.可靠的

466.relief n.輕松，寬慰；減輕

467.reputation n.名氣，聲譽(yù) 468.rescue vt./n.營(yíng)救 469.triangle n.三角（形）470.sequence n.連續(xù)；順序 471.shallow a.淺的 472.shiver vi/n.發(fā)抖 473.shrug v./n.聳肩 474.signature n.簽名

475.sincere a.誠(chéng)摯的，真誠(chéng)的 476.utilify n.功用，效用 477.utilise vt.利用

478.utter vt.說(shuō)出 a.完全的，徹底的 479.variation n.變化，變動(dòng) 480.vehicle n.交通工具，車(chē)輛

481.applause n.鼓掌，掌聲 482.appliance n.器具，器械

483.consent n.準(zhǔn)許，同意 vi(to)準(zhǔn)許，同意 484.conquer vt.征服 485.defect n.缺點(diǎn)，缺陷

486.delicate a.易碎的；嬌弱的；精美的 487.evolve v.演變

488.evolution n.演變，進(jìn)化 489.frown v./n.皺眉 490.frustrate vt.使沮喪 491.guarantee vt./n.保證 492.guilty a.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的 493.jealous a.妒忌的 494.jeans n.牛仔褲 495.liquor n.酒，烈性酒 496.liter/litre n.升 497.modest a.謙虛道 498.molecule n.分子

499.orbit n.軌道 v.（繞...）作軌道運(yùn)行 500.participate v.(in)參與，參加 501.particle n.微粒

502.particularly ad.特別，尤其 503.respond vi.回答，答復(fù)；反應(yīng) 504.response n.回答，答復(fù)；反應(yīng) 505.sensible a.明智的

506.sensitive a.敏感到，靈敏的 507.tremble vi.顫抖

508.tremendous a.巨大的；精彩的 509.trend n.趨向，傾向 510.trial n.審訊；試驗(yàn)

511.apparent a.顯然的，明白的 512.appetite n.胃口；欲望

513.deposit n.存款，定金 v.存放，儲(chǔ)蓄 514.deputy n.副職，代表

515.derive vt.取得，得到；(from)起源于 516.descend v.下來(lái)，下降 517.missile n.導(dǎo)彈

518.mission n.使命；代表團(tuán) 519.mist n.薄霧

520.noticeable a.顯而易見(jiàn)到 521.notify vt.通知，告知 522.notion n.概念；意圖，想法 523.resemble vt.像，類(lèi)似于 524.reveal vt.揭露

525.revenue n.收入，歲入；稅收 526.shelter n.掩蔽處；住所

527.shield n.防護(hù)物，盾 vt.保護(hù)，防護(hù) 528.vital a.重要的；致命的，生命的 529.vitally ad.極度，非常；致命地 530.urban a.城市的 531.urge vt.鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì) 532.urgent a.急迫的，緊急得 533.usage n.使用，用法 534.violence n.強(qiáng)力，暴力 535.violent a.強(qiáng)暴的 536.violet a.紫色的 537.weed n.雜草，野草 538.welfare n.福利

539.whatsoever ad.（用于否定句）任何 540.whereas conj.然而，但是，盡管 541.essential a.必不可少的；本質(zhì)的 542.estimate n./vt.估計(jì)，估量 543.evaluate vt.評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià) 544.exceed vt.超過(guò)，越出 545.exceedingly ad.非常，極其 546.exclaim v.呼喊，大聲說(shuō)

547.exclude vt.把...排斥在外，不包括 548.exclusive a.讀有的，排他的 549.excursion n.遠(yuǎn)足 550.flash vi.閃光，閃耀 551.flee vi.逃走 552.flexible a.易彎曲的

553.flock n.羊群，（鳥(niǎo)獸等）一群；一伙人 554.hardware n.五金器具

555.harmony n.和諧，融洽 556.haste n.急速，急忙 557.hatred n.憎惡，憎恨 558.incident n.事件，事變 559.index n.索引，標(biāo)志 560.infant n.嬰兒 561.infect v.傳染

562.inferior a.劣等的，次的，下級(jí)的 563.infinite a.無(wú)限的 564.ingredient n.組成部分 565.inhabitant n.居民 566.jail n.監(jiān)獄

567.jam n.果醬；擁擠，堵塞 568.jewel n.寶石

569.joint a.連接的；共同的 570.junior a.年少的；資歷較淺的571.laser n.激光

572.launch vt.發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起 573.luxury n.奢侈；奢侈品 574.magnet n.磁鐵，磁體 575.male a.男性的，雄的 576.female a.女性的，雌的

577.manual a.用手的，手工做的 n.手冊(cè) 578.manufacture vt./n.制造，加工 579.marine a.海的；海產(chǎn)的 580.mutual a.相互的 581.naked a.裸露的

582.negative a.否定的，消極的 583.neglect vt.忽視，忽略 584.origin n.起源，出身 585.oval a.橢圓形的 n.橢圓形 586.outset n.開(kāi)始，開(kāi)端 587.presumably ad.大概，可能 588.prevail vi.流行，盛行 589.quit v.停止

590.quotation n.引文，引語(yǔ) 591.recreation n.娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)

592.recruit vt.招募，吸收（新成員）593.rival n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，敵手 594.shuttle n.梭子；航天飛機(jī) 595.skim vt.搬（去），掠過(guò)；瀏覽 596.sketch n.草圖；梗概 597.slender a.苗條的，修長(zhǎng)的 598.theme n.主題

599.textile n.紡織品

600.tropical a.熱帶的，炎熱的 601.kneel vi.跪 602.label n.標(biāo)簽 603.merchant n.商人

604.mere a.僅僅的，只不過(guò)的；純粹的 605.nuisance n.令人討厭的東西（或人）606.numerrous a.眾多的，許多的 607.parade n.游行 v.列隊(duì)行進(jìn) 608.pants[pl.] n.長(zhǎng)褲；內(nèi)褲 609.partial a.部分的 610.passport n.護(hù)照

611.prescribe vt.開(kāi)藥，吩咐采用...療法 612.primitive a.原始的，早期的 613.ridge n.脊，山脊，埂 614.ridiculous a.可笑的，荒漠的 615.ridid a.嚴(yán)格的；僵硬的 616.withstand vt.經(jīng)受，承受

617.witness n.目擊者；證據(jù) vt.注意到；證明 618.withdraw v.收回，撤銷(xiāo) 619.slippery a.滑的 620.smash vt.粉碎，打爛 621.snap n./vt.折斷，拉斷；快照 622.software n.軟件 623.solar a.太陽(yáng)的 624.lynar a.月的，月球的 625.submerge vi.潛入水中 626.submit vi.(to)屈服，聽(tīng)從 627.timber n.木材，原木 628.tissue n.組織；薄紗，手巾紙 629.title n.題目，標(biāo)題

630.tone n.語(yǔ)氣，音調(diào)631.drift vi.漂，漂流 632.drip n.滴

633.durable a.耐用的，持久的 634.duration n.持續(xù)，持續(xù)期間 635.dusk n.黃昏，薄暮 636.leather n.皮革

637.legislation n.法律，法規(guī)；立法 638.leisure n.閑暇；悠閑 639.loose a.松的，寬松的 640.loosen v.解開(kāi)，放松 641.tarnest a.認(rèn)真的，誠(chéng)摯的 642.earthquake n.地震 643.echo n.回音，回聲

644.elaborate a.精心設(shè)計(jì)的，復(fù)雜的 645.elastic n.橡皮圈（帶）a.有彈性的 646.elbow n.肘 647.electron n.電子 648.volcano n.火山

649.volume n.卷，冊(cè)；體積，容量 650.fatigue n.疲勞，勞累 651.faulty a.有錯(cuò)誤的，有缺點(diǎn)的 652.favorable a.稱(chēng)贊道；有利的，順利的 653.favorite a.特別受喜歡的 n.喜愛(ài)的人或物 654.gallery n.畫(huà)廊 655.gallon n.加侖 656.gap n.間隔，差距 657.garbage n.垃圾，廢物 658.gaze v.凝視，注視 659.gear n.齒輪，傳動(dòng)裝置

660.gene n.基因661.lest conj.唯恐，免得 662.liable a.可能的，大概的；(to)易于...的 663.liberal a.自由得 664.liberty n.自由

665.licence/license n.許可證，執(zhí)照 666.moisture n.潮濕

667.motivate vt.激勵(lì)，激發(fā) 668.motive n.動(dòng)機(jī)，目的

669.generate vt.生成，產(chǎn)生（光、熱、電等）670.genius n.天才，天賦 671.genuine a.真的，真誠(chéng)的 672.gasoline n.汽油 673.germ n.微生物，細(xì)菌 674.gesture n.姿勢(shì)，手勢(shì) 675.giant a.巨大的 n.巨人，巨物 676.glimpse n.一瞥，一看 677.glory n.光榮，榮譽(yù) 678.glorious n.光榮的，極好的 679.golf n.高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng) 680.hydrogen n.氫 681.oxygen n.氧

682.hostile a.敵對(duì)的，敵意大 683.household n.家庭，戶(hù) 684.hook n.鉤

685.holy a.神圣地，圣潔的 686.hint n.暗示，示意 687.hestiate v.猶豫 688.highlight vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，突出

689.hence ad.因此，所以；今后，從此 690.herd n.獸群，牧群

第四篇：新東方四級(jí)作文

一、對(duì)比觀(guān)點(diǎn)題型

（1）要求論述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀(guān)點(diǎn)并給出自己的看法。

1．有一些人認(rèn)為……

2．另一些人認(rèn)為……

3．我的看法……

The topic of ①________（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②________（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③________（理由二）.Moreover, ④________（理由三）.While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,________（支持B的理由一）.Secondly（besides）,⑥____________（理由二）.Thirdly（finally）,⑦_(dá)___________（理由三）.From my point of view, I think ⑧________（我的觀(guān)點(diǎn)）.The reason is that ⑨____________（原因）.As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice

（2）給出一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，要求考生反對(duì)這一觀(guān)點(diǎn)Some people believe that ①________（觀(guān)點(diǎn)一）.For example, they think ②________（舉例說(shuō)明）．And it will bring them ③________（為他們帶來(lái)的好處）.In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④____（我不同意該看法的理由一）.For another thing, ⑤____（反對(duì)的理由之二）． Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that ⑥____（我對(duì)文章所討論主題的看法）．

二、闡述主題題型

要求從一句話(huà)或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述．

1． 闡述名言或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義．

2． 分析并舉例使其更充實(shí)．

The good old proverb ________（名言或諺語(yǔ)）reminds us that ________（釋義）.Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,________（理由一）.For example, ____________（舉例說(shuō)明）.Secondly,________（理由二）.Another case is that ________（舉例說(shuō)明）.Furthermore , ____________（理由三）．

In my opinion, ________（我的觀(guān)點(diǎn)）.In short, whatever you do, please remember the say____A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.三、解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問(wèn)題的多種途徑

1． 問(wèn)題現(xiàn)狀

2． 怎樣解決（解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)）

In recent days, we have to face a problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious.First, ________（說(shuō)明Ａ的現(xiàn)狀）．Second, ________（舉例進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀）Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing, ________（解決方法一）.For another ________（解決方法二）.Finally, ________（解決方法三）.Personally, I believe that ________（我的解決方法）.Consequently(作為結(jié)果，因此), I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________（帶來(lái)的好處）.四、說(shuō)明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說(shuō)明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，有時(shí)也會(huì)單從一個(gè)角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè)）

1． 說(shuō)明事物現(xiàn)狀

2． 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（或一方面）

3． 你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First ________（Ａ的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一）.Besides ____________（Ａ的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二）

.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ________（Ａ的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)）．To make matters worse,____________（Ａ的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn)）．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to ________（我的看法）．

（From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way, ________（對(duì)前景的預(yù)測(cè)）

五、議論文的框架

（1）不同觀(guān)點(diǎn)列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀(guān)點(diǎn)一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀(guān)點(diǎn)一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀(guān)點(diǎn)二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀(guān)點(diǎn)二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀(guān)點(diǎn)一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)一______.And secondly ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點(diǎn)一______.In addition, ____缺點(diǎn)二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.（3）答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____。

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.（4）諺語(yǔ)警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語(yǔ)_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語(yǔ)的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.（also theoretically）

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語(yǔ)_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語(yǔ)_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（一）

Nowadays many people prefer(______)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally speaking,its advantages can be seen as follows.On one hand,(______).One the other hand,(_______).But every sword has two blades.The negative aspects are also aparent.One of the prominent disadvantages is that(______).To make matters worse,(______).Through the above analysis,I believe that The Positive aspects far outweighs its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has,one thing is certain,(_____)itself is neither good nor bad.It is the uses which is put on it that determines its value to our society.Some,others and I

（二）There is no consensus among people as to the view of(_____).The opinions vary from person to person.Some people hold the idea that(____).A case in point is that(_____).On the other hand, other may have a quite different view.According to them,(_____).The most typical example is that(______).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments,I am inclined to agree with the latter.Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extend,but(_____)is more convincing.My view

（三）When asked about(_____),some people hold the idea that(_____).As far as they are concerned,(______).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(_____).The reason for my choice are listed as follows.First of all,(______).In addition,(______).Last but not the least,(______).For the reasons mentioned above,I firmly believe(______).一、篇章連貫：可以通過(guò)文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系來(lái)表現(xiàn)篇章的連貫性。

1、具體到一般： 表現(xiàn)形式為先舉例具體的事例進(jìn)行分析、說(shuō)明，進(jìn)而得出論證或結(jié)論，在段末往往以主題句的形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

2、一般到具體：表現(xiàn)為在文章段首以主題句的形式出現(xiàn)，然后通過(guò)具體的敘述、說(shuō)明、舉例使主題句變得具體、明白、易懂。

二、常用句型

１、開(kāi)頭

It's well known to us that...Recently,...has been brought to popular attention/has become the focus of public concern.One of the universal issues we are faced with / that cause increasing concern is that...People's view/opinions /ideas on...vary from person to person.Some people think that...they hold this opinion because...However,others hold that...2、主要論述方法

A is to B what C is to D

According to..., but there is no evidence whatsoever to show...The example cited,while suggestive of these trends,is insufficient to warrant their truth because there is no reason to belivev that the data drawn form...is representative of...As it stands, this argument suffers from three critical flaws.3、結(jié)尾

In my opinion,it is more advisable to do...than to do

Taking into account all these factors,we may reasonably come to the conclusion that...It is time to take the advice of...and to put special emphasis on the improvement of...We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with

It is high time that we put an end to...Otherwise,...分析型作文

根據(jù)內(nèi)容的不同，分析型作文一般可分為分析原因型、分析作用型、分析優(yōu)劣型、分析影響型、分析狀況型、分析決定因素型及分析解決方法型等不同類(lèi)型。

引出原因的四種表達(dá)：There are three/various reasons for...;What are the possible reasons for.../Why...?;Possible reasons for...may be as follows;Possible reasons for...may be a , b and c;

引出具體解決方法的四種表達(dá)方式：There are three/various solutions to the problem;What are the possible solutions to it?;Possible solutions to it areas follows;Possbile solutions to it may be part-time job,scholarship and financial aid.常用句型

１、分析影響／利弊

There are three/a number of consequences of......brings about some great/serious consequences

...involves/entails some great/serious consequences

Its side effects are enormous

Perhaps the most serious/obvious consequence is...The immediate result is......deprives/strips people of......is/becomes the victim of...2、分析原因

There are probably three / a number of reasons for...why...?/What are the reasons for...?

This phenomenon involves / entails several complicated factors /reasons

...is mainly because of/due to/owing to...It is due to...,rather than..., let alone......ont only because...,but(also)because......partly/in part because..., partly/in part because...Corrupts/erodes one's minds/virtues

One/We may lay/place blame for B on A

...Contributes to...Some may attribute.../it to......undermines......poses a threat to...3、分析問(wèn)題／現(xiàn)象

There are too many examples/instances of...Nowa days, every one of us is confronted/faced withtoo many examples/instances of...Some...Others...Still others...Even there are those who..Sometimes,...More often,...4、分析解決方法

Such a tragedy would not happen if we knew the following ways to handle...(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)The key words are...,...and...Only in this way,could/can...(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）

It is high time that...The impact could be minimized if we follow the ways / suggestions above

These are the secrets of a successful...

第五篇：新東方四級(jí)答案

寫(xiě)作范文

題目回放

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1、如今在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中同學(xué)們不重視拼寫(xiě)

2、產(chǎn)生此現(xiàn)象的原因是?

3、如何解決這種狀況，我認(rèn)為?

They say “mind breeds physiognomy”, which implies the importance of one’s appearance.Similarly, a correct and neat spelling of a composition can not only reflect a success of the composition but embody the decent disposition of the writer as well.Unfortunately , a great number of students pay little attention to their spelling though their composition turns out quite good either in content or in logic, thus leaving the teacher in a dilemma whether to give a high score or not.Tracing the reasons hidden behind, we can easily find it is mainly because some students are unaware of the importance of the spelling.In their minds, the content absolutely outweighs the form so the attention to spelling can be pleasantly spared.Objectively speaking, in the examination, the limited time and urgent situation make students have no more effort to care about their spelling and the fact is that they have to write as quickly as possible to finish it on time, leaving some characters vague or incorrect.Just as is said above, spelling, in a sense , mirrors the content, so a direct result of the bad spelling is the low academic score in the exam for it is hard to expect a text full of undistinguishable words toreceive a good appreciation.Further, once the habit of lax spelling was formed, in a long run the quality of being negligence could also be gradually shaped, which would undoubtedly exert negative impact for our future work and life.聽(tīng)力

11.C.He cannot get access to the assigned book.12.A.She will drive the man to the supermarket.13.C.Tidy up the place.14.A.The talks can be held any day except this Friday.15.A.He understand the woman’s feelings.16.D.She has to invite David to the party.17.C.Many students find Prof.Johnson’s lectures boring.18.D.Assemble a computer.19.B.It requires him to apply theory to patience.20.D.It demands physical endurance and patience.21.D.In a hotel.22.B.Paying attention to every detail.23.A.The pocket money British children get.24.C.It often rises higher than inflation.25.B.Pay for small personal things.26.A Direct mangers.27.D The important part played by direct mangers.28.B Fifty percent of them were female.29.B He was not gender sensitive.30.C Aask to see the manger politely but firmly.31.D You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting.32.D Stick to the point.33.B Architect.34.A Do some volunteer job

35.C A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.36.curious 37.figuring38.independent39.unusual

40.interacting41.formal42.abstract43.mystery

44.and he has found how it works and learnt to use itappropriately

45.by trying it out and seeing whether it works, bychanging(developing)it,.refining it

46.including many of the concepts thatschools think only they can teach them

快速閱讀

1.A Her daughters’ repeated complaints

2.D People haven’t yet reached agreement on its definition

3.C can realize what is important in life

4.A it seriously affected family relationships

5.C depressed

6.B His family had intervened

7.B curb his desire for online gaming

8.had an Internet Addiction

9.professional help

10.online dating

精細(xì)閱讀

57.D It is an indispensable device on an airplane.58.A Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.59.C The early models often got damaged.60.C To make them easily identifiable.61.A There is still a good chance of their being recovered.62.B It is based on the concept of positive thinking.63.A Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.64.C You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.65.C Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.66.B Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.選詞填空

47-56

G)incredibly

K)replace

J)reduced

L)sense

H)powering

D)exceptions

E)expand

O)vast

F)historic

I)protect

完形填空

67-71

C)differB)viaB)used B)lies B)lies

72-76

D)selectsA)sends inA)visibleB)overD)allows

77-81

A)afterD)insignigicantC)corporationsD)only B)later

82-86

D)providedD)BesidesA)andC)widespreadA)acquired

翻譯

87.concentrating on the experiment

88.did she lose her temper

89.being invited to attend the opening ceremony

90.should be installed by the window

91.her parents’ strong objection