第一篇：環境類英語論據和例文（精選）

頒布實施環境保護的法律法規，把環境保護建立在法制的基礎上，不斷完善環境法律體系，嚴格執法程序，加大執法力度，保證環境法律法規的有效實施。--Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulations regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing, continuously improving the statutes concerning the environment, formulating strict law-enforcement procedures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation of the environmental laws and regulations.—建立健全各級政府的環境保護機構，形成比較完善的環境管理體制，充分發揮環境監督管理的作用。--Establishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels, forming a rather complete environmental control system, and bringing into full play the governments' role in environmental supervision and administration.——開展環境宣傳教育，提高全民族的環境意識。廣泛進行環境宣傳，逐步普及中小學環境教育，發展環境保護在職教育和專業教育，培養環境科學技術和管理方面的專門人才。--Carrying out environmental publicity and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the environment.Widely conducting environmental publicity work, gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary schools, developing on-the-job education in environmental protection and vocational education, and training specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental administration.——推進環境保護領域的國際合作。積極發展同世界各國和國際組織在環境與發展方面的交流與合作，認真履行國際環境公約，努力發揮中國在國際環境事務中的作用。--Promoting international cooperation in the field of environmental protection.Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the environment and development with other countries and international organizations, earnestly implementing international environmental conventions, and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental affairs.People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.Pollution is caused either by man’s release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known.Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new and complex goods are produced there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations.Many people, therefore, see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods.Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing populations.However, the land itself if gradually becoming worn out as it is being used, in some cases, too heavily, and artificial fertilizers cannot

restore the balance.Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts.In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste.Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of;drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused.This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper.Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy.Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.

第二篇：環境類英語文章

致地球的公開信

First off, allow us to apologize for the abductions.Although it seemed like a good idea at the time, we recognize that too often you did not find the experience as satisfying as we did.We genuinely regret the way things got out of hand.It started out as just something to do, an occasional way to blow off steam after a long day of observation.We tried not to break anybody, and we always put you back where we found you.Frankly you aren't all that interesting, and we might soon have grown tired of the whole thing.But we got such a kick out of your cute eyewitness accounts, what with the stories of our big dark eyes and little arms and all.You made us feel special, even if your tales were complete crap.The books, the movies, the T-shirts—we were like celebrities.And some of you took it all so seriously, with your conspiracy theories and everything.It was really quite a hoot.Then this guy Whitley Strieber came along, and he sort of took the joy out of it, you know? What a killjoy shitbag he is.Today we abduct only nerdy guys who live alone in Airstream trailers, primarily because they're nerds and, truth be told, we just like to mess with their heads.Many of you have written asking about crop circles, so let's set the record straight.It ain't us.Really, it's not.Think about it.You people have trouble reaching your own moon, and even you have cell phones, satellite TV, and high-speed DSL.We sail between stars at speeds you believe impossible—you think we have to knock down veggies in order to communicate? And why do you always assume we land in rural areas? Please.On a planet with New York, Rio de Janeiro, Paris, and Amsterdam, you figure we'd choose to hang out in Roswell, New Mexico? Have any of you actually been there?(By the way, Area 51 is a real hole.In the unlikely event we're ever in the neighborhood again, we're staying someplace else for sure.)We would be remiss if we failed to mention the anal probing.For the longest time, we swear we thought those were data ports.We meant no harm, and hope that you will, like us, try to forget this unfortunate chapter in our history.In retrospect it was simply a bad idea.Now we don't want to be seen as whiners, but there are a few things we wish to discuss.For one thing, we are troubled by the way we have been portrayed in the media.We represent an array of life whose richness and sheer scope would astound you.Yet for the most part, on this planet we are typecast as either hairless dweebs with foreheads like watermelons, or else giant insects who want to eat you.No offense, but this is especially hard to take from a backwater planet most beings have never heard of.(In fairness, this is not entirely true.Earth is generally known for one thing: cottage cheese.Seriously, nobody else ever thought of that.Not even the Lobo?lata, who are themselves dairy products.)The very word “alien” is plagued by negative associations.According to our latest focus groups, the term conjures up images of 1)slimy, parasitic creatures who spring onto the faces of unsuspecting beings in order to plant their young inside, or 2)people picking cabbages.(Apologies to the Bulibians: slimy, parasitic creatures who actually do spring onto the faces of unsuspecting beings in order to plant their young inside.)We've discussed this among ourselves, and we no longer wish to be called aliens.Henceforth, we prefer to be called “Chuck Norris?.” Please do not shorten, hyphenate, or alter this in any way.The plural form is the same, as in, “Hey, there goes a Chuck Norris?.Wait, there goes another one.“ Finally, some advice.Look, from where we sit, you're all the same.We appreciate that human beings come in slightly different models and colors, and to you these nearly imperceptible differences seem to cause no end of trouble.But honestly, we're astounded that you can even tell yourselves apart.In blind taste tests, in fact, the average Chuck Norris? cannot detect any difference whatsoever.So chill, people of Earth, and try to get along.While you're in a reflective mood, take a closer look at what you're doing to your planet.You are ruining it: depleting your natural resources, polluting your air, sickening your oceans, and destroying unique species forever.This is just plain wrong, not to mention completely irrational.Everyone knows that the logical thing is to find somebody else's planet and ruin that.Noobs.How can you possibly expect to survive in the coming interstellar economy? By the way, we've elected you to come up with the new shared unit of galactic currency.Just pick something small and ubiquitous, something of nominal value that you won't miss much.It's your call, but we suggest hamsters.In closing, much of what you do befuddles us.Many of your core concepts—such as guilt, selflessness, and David Hasselhoff—simply have no counterparts in non-Terran cultures.You're what galactic sociologists call “a bunch of strange ducks.”

Yet for reasons not entirely clear, we have developed a certain affection for you.We'd just as soon keep you around, if only for the entertainment value.We're going away for a bit now, and when we return, we expect to find that you have made significant progress toward sitting at the adults’ table.This will, of course, mean fewer senseless military conflicts, less reality television, and no more Sudoku.Don't make us come down there.全球變暖

Many people believe that human activity is causing the earth’s temperature to rise.They say that this global warming will have dreadful consequences for our environment, such as drought and flooding.What should governments do to help prevent global warming? Give reasons for your suggestions.The earth’s temperature is rapidly changing.As a result there has been a lot of climate change such as heat waves, droughts and floods.Scientists believe that this is the result of human activity, which is polluting the Earth’s atmosphere.This could become a disaster if governments do not act to help prevent global warming.They can act in three ways;by supporting research, by making laws and by keeping the general public informed.Firstly, governments can support research.For example, they should encourage companies to develop vehicles that cause less pollution.They should also support alternative sources of electricity from wind and water rather than from oil and coal.As well, they should sponsor conferences to discuss the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and possible solutions to the problem.Secondly, they should make laws that limit the amount of greenhouse gases that companies can emit.Private companies should be rewarded for following these laws.They should also be punished for creating pollution.Finally, everybody is affected by global warming.Therefore, it is important that governments involve individuals in the problem solving process.For example they should encourage households to save as much energy as possible by using more efficient light bulbs or less hot water.They should also encourage the public to recycle, and this should be compulsory for everyone.Another way of saving energy is by public transport systems.Governments should spend money on public transport to make it as easy as possible for the public to save energy.In summary, it is clear that there are a lot of things that governments can do to prevent global warming.They should involve companies, support scientists and encourage individuals to protect the planet.高中生英語演講稿:Caring for Environment來源: 未知

作者:sunjianfei

更新日期：2010-12-27 19:15:46

瀏覽:857次

所屬分類/專：

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen: Today, it is my great honor to be here and talk about environment, I'll try my best!The title of my speech is Let us put our words into our deeds.China will never forget the day July 13, 2001, on whic Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen:

Today, it is my great honor to be here and talk about environment, I'll try my best!The title of my speech is“ Let us put our words into our deeds.” China will never forget the day July 13, 2001, on which China succeeded in the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.Never will China forget the promise that she has made to the whole world---by September 2008, the capital will be turned into a “green city”, with the clean air,a pretty envirnment and a good ecosystem,to meet the demands to host the Olympic Games.It's a long way to go, and it's a long long long way to go for us to save the earth.For China,tourism is one of the most promising industries in the 21st century.It provides people the great opportunity to seeeverything there is to see and to go any place there is to go.It has become a lifestyle for some people,and has turned out to be the driving force in GDP growth,it has the magic to turn a backward town into a wonderland of prosperity.But on the other hand, tourism has caused many problems on our environment.According to a survey by China Biosphere National Council, 22% of nature preserves in china have been damaged as a result of the development of tourism, 11% of natural resources have degenerated.ww

w.yingyu6.com

Suppose you are standing in a forest,birds are flying in the sky,they are so happy;red flowers,green grass,butterflies are dancing in the air,they are so cheerful.Then one day a strange creature appears, walking on its two hind legs and staring at you.Greatly alarmed, you stop singing and fly away.Since then, more creatures have appeared.They clear the land and cut down trees.As a result, you don't have enough food or shelter.Some of your friends have died of drinking the wastewater they pumped into the stream or of eating the litter they left on the ground.The forest is dead silent now except for the noises those creatures make.Sadly, you think by yourself, “Maybe it is time for me to go.” I hate to see that the global environment has changed for the worse during the past few years: Forests are cleared, prairies trampled, rivers and lakes polluted, wild animals are driven away and plants are endangered.We should realize that we can no longer stand by and do nothing.The nature is the cradle of human beings and it is also the base of the tourist industry.The nature is harmonious because of the chain of life that exists everywhere.It is possible for us to maintain a balance between the needs of man and the needs of the nature.But the nature is also fragile.Every minor damage in one link may result in an ecological disaster.We must do something to protect environment, we must put our words into our deeds.It can be as simple as do not litter, strictly observe the rules and regulations of the tourist areas, Use as few plastic bags and boxes as possible.When traveling , wherever possible, use public transportation instead of always driving your own car.Once you are in a scenic area, like in the mountains or in a forest, don't make loud noises, keep quiet so as not to disturb birds or animals.One more thing, go up and interfere whenever you see anyone doing something harmful to the environment.So let's shake hands together now as friends and see what we can do to make our one and only home a place of love and harmony.Just think what a woundful world it will be!That's all.Thank you very much!

第三篇：環境類英語演講稿

下面這份英語演講稿是關于環境主題的，請看xiexiebang的推薦

It provides people the great opportunity to see everything there is to see and to go any pl　ace there is to go.It has become a lifestyle for some people,and has turned out to be the driving force in GDp growth,it has the magic to turn a backward town into a wonderland of prosperity.According to a survey by China Biosphere National Council, 22% of nature preserves in china have been damaged as a result of the development of tourism, 11% of natural resources have degenerated.The nature is harmonious because of the chain of life that exists everywhere.It is possible for us to maintain a balance between the needs of man and the needs of the nature.But the nature is also fragile.Every minor damage in one link may result in an ecological disaster.So let's shake hands together now as friends and see what we can do to make our one and only home a place of love and harmony.Just think what a woundful world it will be!

China will never forget the day July 13, 2001, on which China succeeded in the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.Never will China forget the promise that she has made to the whole world---by September 2008, the capital will be turned into a “green city”, with the clean air,a pretty envirnment and a good ecosystem,to meet the demands to host the Olympic Games.It's a long way to go, and it's a long long long way to go for us to save the earth.For China,tourism is one of the most promising industries in the 21st century.It provides people the great opportunity to see everything there is to see and to go any place there is to go.It has become a lifestyle for some people,and has turned out to be the driving force in GDp growth,it has the magic to turn a backward town into a wonderland of prosperity.But on the other hand, tourism has caused many problems on our environment.According to a survey by China Biosphere National Council, 22% of nature preserves in china have been damaged as a result of the development of tourism, 11% of natural resources have degenerated.Suppose you are standing in a forest,birds are flying in the sky,they are so happy;red flowers,green grass,butterflies are dancing in the air,they are so cheerful.Then one day a strange creature appears, walking on its two hind legs and staring at you.Greatly alarmed, you stop singing and fly away.Since then, more creatures have appeared.They clear the land and cut down trees.As a result, you don't have enough food or shelter.Some of your friends have died of drinking the wastewater they pumped into the stream or of eating the litter they left on the ground.The forest is dead silent now except for the noises those creatures make.Sadly, you think by yourself, “Maybe it is time for me to go.”

I hate to see that the global environment has changed for the worse during the past few years: Forests are cleared, prairies trampled, rivers and lakes polluted, wild animals are driven away and plants are endangered.We should realize that we can no longer stand by and do nothing.The nature is the cradle of human beings and it is also the base of the tourist industry.The nature is harmonious because of the chain of life that exists everywhere.It is possible for us to maintain a balance between the needs of man and the needs of the nature.But the nature is also fragile.Every minor damage in one link may result in an ecological disaster.We must do something to protect environment, we must put our words into our deeds.It can be as simple as do not litter, strictly observe the rules and regulations of the tourist areas, Use as few plastic bags and boxes as possible.When traveling , wherever possible, use public transportation instead of always driving your own car.Once you are in a scenic area, like in the mountains or in a forest, don't make loud noises, keep quiet so as not to disturb birds or animals.One more thing, go up and interfere whenever you see anyone doing something harmful to the environment.

第四篇：2017考研英語作文環境類

凱程考研輔導班，中國最權威的考研輔導機構

2017考研英語作文環境類范文

作文預測

大作文話題類型：1.抽象品質;2.社會現象類 3.社會問題類

預測話題包括：1.網絡類(網購、微博、微信等新現象);2.抽象品質類(夢想與行動、創新、誠信等)3.環境類(節約型社會、交通狀況、動物/資源保護等)4.社會現象類(剽竊，明星代言、真人秀等)

預測作文范文

環境類(交通狀況、動物/資源保護、節約型社會等)

(Common as it is, the above picture has deep implication).As is vividly shown in the cartoon, at least five patients are staying in one hospital who are injured because of jay-walking, driving after drinking and disregarding of the laws.If we take a closer watch, it is of little difficulty to find that one police is patiently explicating the traffic laws to one injured person, sitting at a wheel chair which is pushed by one nurse.There is no doubt that it describes a common phenomenon in our society that traffic problems are increasingly severe.What might trigger this affair?(For my part, the following two are of utmost importance.)For one part, the general public have failed to realize the importance of abiding by the traffic regulations and laws(and a big deal of the attention have been distracted by the so-called“great affair”).Once some drivers easily disregard the traffic signals, so do other drivers who intend to obey the laws.Moreover, the current state of affairs depicted in the drawing, may have been encouraged, though not justified, by the lack of severe legal penalty.If someone does disorderly parking or drive under the influence of alcohol, the punishment is not so harsh that the drivers could afford to learn a heavy lesson from the fine.(If we let this situation continue as it is, ultimately, our society will suffer a great destruction.)

It is advisable for us to take steps to reverse this current evil trend.On one hand, we should cultivate the awareness of people that everyone needs to reflect on his or her uncivilized conducts and strengthen his self-discipline.On the other hand, it is high time that more severe and sound laws and regulations should be introduced to harness and curb this matter.Only in this way, can we crack the hard nut and embrace a bright future.凱程考研輔導班，中國最權威的考研輔導機構

范文一：

A thought-provoking dialogue between the mother elephant and her own child appears in the first picture.Having growing his teeth, the young elephant is eager to share the exciting news with his mother.However, after repeating his words several times, there is still no response coming from the mother.Meanwhile, the attractive caption in the second photo reads: no trade, no kill.The above pictures unveil a hazard posed to wildlife due to the expanding scale of world commercial hunting.At least two fundamental factors could contribute to this phenomenon.The industry of commercial hunting have undergone a booming expansion(along with the growing public awareness of the merits of wildlife, which makes/), making hunting unusually profitable.Worse still, lacking knowledge regarding the significance of ecological balance, some people take the gun to chase animals insatiably(and thus cause a severe threat to all life in the world).Apparently, this trend will surely in turn endanger humankind in the long run.(On no account should we turn a blind eye to such things.//All these factors above make it crucial to take drastic measures to protect the wildlife.)Accordingly, governments all over the world are supposed to unite to work out effective measures against commercial hunting.Additionally, people should be educated from childhood to cultivate the awareness that we and the rare wild animals share the same precious planet.I do believe a harmonious relationship between the wildlife and human beings is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote wildlife protection both nationally and internationally.范文二：

The drawing does mirror a common social phenomenon and is really thought-provoking.According to the above photo, a couple of elephants are walking forward slowly while the young elephant says to his mother, “Mom, my tusks start to grow up!

But mom, why aren’t you happy about that?” What is conveyed carries the message of the human’s threat on the wild animals by catching and killing.A host of reasons may make this happen.To start with, an army of hunters have been killing rare wild animals just to make huge profits.That is the very reason why the mother elephant does not glad to hear that her son’s ivory growing.Another significant cause of the rapid reduction of wildlife is the disappearance of their natural habitats.Because of the fast advancing of urbanization, animals are forced to give up their original places and move to another site which may not be as good as before.凱程考研輔導班，中國最權威的考研輔導機構

Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic and effective measures to protect the wildlife.On the one hand, we can appeal to the government to make some strict laws to prevent them from being caught and killed.On another level, we must enhance citizen's awareness that loving the nature is everybody's responsibility.Only through these measures are we able to have opportunities to expect a beautiful world and a promising prospect to come.What is explicitly demonstrated in the above caricature is that there sits an individual by the river bank, fully equipped with a protective mask, who is fishing in the acid rain with an umbrella in his right hand.It is not difficult to notice that what he got from the highly polluted river is a fishbone rather than a real one and noxious gases are pouring into the sky continuously which is already dusky.What might trigger this phenomenon? Previously, it is widely admitted that the authorities concerned have failed to enact strict legislations and regulations to curb environmental detriment, which has exerted negative impact on the daily life of the average folks.Simultaneously, there is no denying that citizens lack of awareness of protecting the surroundings we are living in, which are vital to us.Ultimately, another contributory factor to this situation is that some folks are tempted by the economic motivation so that they put the environment at risk..Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to reverse this disturbing trend.To begin with, relevant laws should be made to severely punish those who deliberately destruct the environment.In addition, the awareness of the public should be cultivated that guarding the circumstance we are dwelling in is protecting our own homeland.Only by enforcing these actions, can we effectively, efficiently and eventually crack this hard nut and embrace a promising community.3 頁 共 3 頁

凱程考研輔導班，中國最權威的考研輔導機構

What is vividly revealed in the picture is that water is being reused in daily life at home.After washing rice, the water can be used to wash vegetables and then clean the mop and the toilet.What a harmonious scene it is!

It is not difficult to find that what the picture intends to express is the importance of saving and protecting resources.On the one hand, as we all know, water resource is limited and water shortage is still a serious problem threatening the existence and survival of the whole human being.On the other hand, the phenomenon of wasting water can still be easily found anywhere in our daily life.For example, water taps are frequently left on by careless users.Someone even assumes that they have the right to waste water because they pay for it o that it has nothing to do with others.In fact, so precious water is that we cannot afford to waste it.Water resource is not only indispensable in our daily life but also in the industry and agriculture.It is hard to imagine what the world would be like when there I is no more water.It is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention.But, this is not adequate.As is shown in the above picture, what we need is more actions to save and protect resources!First of all, social environment is shaped by the general public, and the cultivation of conservation-minded society depends on the active involvement of every member of our society, be he old or young.Accordingly, an education campaign should be launched to call on people from all walks of life to save and protect resources.In addition, saving and protecting resources is bound up with our daily life.We, college students, should spare no efforts to save valuable energy and natural resources such as power, water, coal, gas and so on.Only by the joint efforts of the whole society can we create a real conservation-minded society.4 頁 共 4 頁

第五篇：高考辯證類思維論據

辯證思維類論據 一、一分為二看問題 【正例】

1、幼苗的成長，少不了時雨的灌溉，少不了除草滅蟲。王陽明說：“時雨春風，沾被卉水，莫不萌發越發，自然日長月化。”“時雨”乃“及時雨”。若“久旱不雨”，則苗必枯萎，然而如果是“狂風暴雨”，禾苗也必然被淹。

2、戰國時，秦國面對聯合起來的六國，勵精圖治，起用商鞍變法，時時警惕，不敢有絲毫松懈情緒，最后把六國逐一消滅。所以說，敵對力量存在對自己有威脅，但也對自己有激勵作用。一旦沒有了對抗力量，秦國自以為高枕無憂了，卻被陳勝領導的農民起義軍推翻了。

3、春秋時，吳王夫差替父報仇，一舉把越國打敗，吳王夫差洋洋自得，放虎歸山，留下越王勾踐，讓他成為吳王的人質，沒想到越王勾踐嘗膽臥薪，刻苦自勵以圖復國，二十年后，越國又擊敗吳國，夫差請求勾踐仁義待他，勾踐卻不予理睬，把夫差殺了。

4、韓愈在《原道》中說：“坐井而觀天，曰天小者，非天小也。”這就是說坐井觀天，若說天的一部分有井口大是對的；若說天只有井口大就錯了。

5、“管寧割席”的故事傳頌至今，人們一直把管寧作為不慕榮華，不貪金錢的典型加以宣傳。但管寧不能一分為二地看待自己的朋友，只采取絕交的態度，也實在過于片面了。

6、牽牛花是纏繞莖草本花，靠攀附在籬笆支架上成長。有人貶斥它的軟骨頭，沒有人格，靠依附，可悲。有人贊美它，能利用他物發展自己，開花結果，成就一番事業，可喜。

7、小草與莊稼爭肥料，爭地盤，影響莊稼生長，農民把它斬草除根。但它生命力極強，高山、石隙、洼地，都苗壯成長。人們常用“疾風知勁草”“野火燒不盡，春風吹又生”來贊頌它。

【引言】

1、尺有所短，寸有所長;物有所不足，智有所不明。——屈原

2、圣人千慮，必有一失;愚人千慮，必有一得。——《晏子春秋》

3、動兮靜所伏，靜兮動所倚。—―白居易

4、水至清則無魚，人至察則無徒。

5、既然太陽也有黑點，“人世間的事情”就更不可能沒有缺陷。——（俄）車爾尼雪夫斯基

【反例】

l、早在五十年代，著名教授馬寅初先生就提出了控制人口的建議，但被否定了。因為當時正值建國初期，百廢待興，只看到人作為生產者的一面，提出“多生幾個社會主義事業接班人”，一味地強調人多力量大。卻不曾想到，人既是生產者，也是消費者，以至釀成了一個大錯誤。

2、古希臘著名學者亞里斯多德堪稱得上博學多才，為人所敬仰。但他的“天動學說”是錯誤的理論，并被當時歐洲最高權威的教皇奉為真理，流傳1800多年，可以說是對人類探討天體的科學研究起到了阻礙作用。

3、虢國的國君喜歡聽人家說討好奉承話而不喜歡聽真話、實話，結果京城被別國攻陷，靠一個車夫才落荒而逃保住性命。后來國君問車夫，我逃出城門時，你怎么正好在那里？你事先知道要出事？車夫點頭，國君說你怎么不說，車夫說你不喜歡真話，我不敢說。國君大怒，訓斥了車夫一頓，晚上車夫逃走，虢國國君被野獸吃掉。

二、用發展的眼光看待一切 【正例】

1、宋國一農夫得一玉石，他把它獻給地方長官子罕先生。了罕堅決不接收，并說：“你把玉送給我，我是得到了寶物。而我若接你的寶玉，那末，我自己的清廉這寶物也由此失去了。事物都是這樣轉化的。

2、有個人為了滅鼠養一只貓，這貓既幫他抓老鼠，又給他解悶兒，他就多養幾只貓，逐漸有一百多只，貓一多，無鼠可吃，主人買肉給它們吃，漸漸地貓的后代只知吃肉，不知吃老鼠。

3、一只母鷹辛辛苦苦把自己的孩子養成一只成年的雄鷹。這雄鷹對自己的母親十分孝敬，不讓母鷹出去尋食，早上又守護在母鷹身邊。母鷹覺得自己衰老加快了，她安排孩子遠行闖蕩世界，在沒有兒子照料的情況下，一切都靠自己。一年后，小鷹來看望母親，意外發現老鷹巳非常矯健。

4蘇阿芒連續三年落榜，后自學，掌握了多國文字，應邀參加國際語言學會，在50多個國家和的去發表論文。范仲淹兩歲喪父，隨母改嫁，幼時讀書連稠一點粥都難吃到；司馬光出身貧寒；大學士宋濂家中一貧如洗;高爾基曾是個流浪兒；荷蘭畫家梵高曾生活常靠弟弟接濟；丹麥童話作家安徒生出身鞋匠家庭，衣不蔽體；居里夫人剛滿十歲就打工，供姐姐讀書。這些人后來都成了很有成就的名人。

5、雍丘地方有個叫北宮殖的打魚人，拾到一顆罕見的大珍珠，晚上這珍珠發出的光可以照很遠，人們都知道了。不幾天，國君派人來對北宮殖說：把珍珠送進宮，保你榮華富貴。北宮殖的父親卻認為，獻珍珠成了暴發戶，就會驕奢淫逸，驕奢淫逸就容易招惹禍患。于是與北宮殖一齊動手，把珍珠砸個粉碎。

6、挪威人捕沙丁魚，抵港時若是活的，賣價就極高。所以漁民們千方百計想讓魚活著抵港。很多人的努力都失敗。唯有一艘這樣的船，船民把一條馀鯰扔進沙丁魚成群的槽里。鯰魚不自在亂游亂撞，沙丁魚們緊張地不停游動。直到船抵港，沙丁魚們還在亂蹦亂跳。

7、陳平長得高大俊美，但年輕時只喜交游，不愿耕種，故家貧。同縣一張女嫁五家均喪夫，別人不敢再娶這張女，陳平卻愿娶。張母到陳家拜訪，陳平雖貧窮到用草席攔門，但門口車印仍很多，張母就答應了。她說：像陳平這樣漂亮而且交際又廣的人，絕不會長久地貧窮和處于低位的，后陳平果然官至丞相。

8、老鼠是令人厭惡的壞東西。可是經過訓練的老鼠卻成了公安戰士的好助手，憑著它的嗅覺，能偵察出飛機、汽車、火車、輪船上的行李中的毒品和爆炸物。

9、薛潭拜秦青學唱歌。薛潭學了→段時間就認為學得差不多了，就向秦青告別，秦青在涼亭設酒宴送行。酒過三巡，秦青擊節引吭，高歌送別曲，森林震撼，白云遏止，小鳥停唱。薛潭頓感技元止境，總是發展變化的。感到很愧羞，馬上謝罪，繼續跟秦青學唱歌。

10、戰國四君子之一的孟嘗君叫門客馮諼去薛地收債。一天工夫，馮諼就回到孟嘗君府邸，孟嘗君奇怪地問為什么這么秧，馮諼說，我假借你的命令把債全部送給老百姓，并當場燒毀債據，這叫買義。孟嘗君不悅。后來孟嘗君被齊王驅逐回到封地薛，百姓夾道歡迎。孟嘗君這才悟出馮諼的買義的先見之明。，【引言】

2、離離原上草，一歲一枯榮，野火燒不盡，春風吹又生。——白居易

4、沉舟側畔千帆過，病樹前頭萬木春。——劉禹錫

5、山重水復疑無路，柳暗花明又一村。

7、人生頗富機會和變化，人最得意的時候，有最大的不幸光臨—―亞里士多德

8、萬物必有盛衰，萬物必有弛張。—―韓非子

9、君子食無求飽，居無求安。――孔子 【反例】

1、美國阿拉斯加一自然保護區養了鹿群，為了不使鹿群受傷害，主人將狼捕殺光。從此，鹿群處于沒有天敵的“安樂窩”中，迅速繁殖，十年之后，由千只發展到四萬只，保護區里的植物因被鹿食用與踐踏而凋零，鹿本身也因運動減少體質下降，導致大批死亡。

2、某教師剛參加工作日才，恨不得把滿肚子的知識傳授給學生。因而充分發揮”滿堂灌“的作用?學生無暇思索與接受，結果，學生學習成績下降，家長意見很大。

3、《呂氏春秋》中有一段《刻舟求劍》的寓言故事說：楚國有一個渡江的人，他的劍從船上掉到水里去了，他趕快在船上刻了一個記號，說：“我的劍是從這兒掉到水里去的。”船停止了，他就從做記號的地方下水去找劍。試想，船已經走了，劍卻沒有走，像這樣去找劍，不是很糊涂嗎?

4、秦國采用商鞍變法后憑借它的武力，終于造成了萬乘之勢，使所有國家朝拜它，建立了中國第一個統一的封建集權的朝代。然而它建國后仍然采用戰爭時候的高壓政策對待百姓，不去適應變化了的形勢。因此，秦王朝僅只維持了二十多年，就被陳勝領導的農民起義軍推翻了。

5、楚國想偷襲宋國，他們事先在進軍必經的流河里淺水處做過目標記，沒想到，這晚上灘水突然漲水，楚國的軍隊仍然依原標記渡洞，故淹死無數士兵，渡河失敗。

6、古時成陽堪，把兒子教育成知書達理的讀書人，平時大家都稱贊成陽堪的兒子有教養。一天成陽堪家里發生火災，成叫兒子去親戚家借梯子救火。兒子為了顯示自己的識禮，所以花費了不少時間與親戚寒喧，直到親戚問有什么事，他才慢條斯理地說出原委，親戚家趕緊扛梯去救火，成陽堪家已變成廢墟了。

三、量變與質變 【正例】 l、《文史通義》的作者章學誠，年輕時接受能力較差，記憶力也不十分好，讀私塾時，常為背幾十個字傷腦筋。但他日夜苦讀，由少積多，終于成為大學者。

2、三國時的董遇，家貧無力上學，靠賣柴糊口，但他利用“冬者歲之余，夜者日之余，陰雨者時之余”，抓緊時間勤學苦讀，依靠自學終成名重一時的學者。

3、一位青年畫家專程請教大畫家阿道夫?門采爾：”我畫一幅畫只要不到一天，可為什么賣掉它卻要等上整整一年？門采爾笑著回答：“請倒過來試試吧。要是你花一年功夫去畫，那么，只要一天功夫就準能賣掉它了。”青年畫家接受了門采爾的忠告，回去后認真苦練基本功，深入搜集素材，經過周密的構思，用近一年功夫創作了一幅油畫。果然，這幅不到一天就賣掉了。

【引言】

1、臺上一分鐘，臺下千日功。——俗語

2、不積跬步，無以至千里。——《荀子?勸學》

3、禍患常積于忽微——歐陽修

4、千里之堤，漬于蟻穴。――俗語 【反例】

1、天津有一個當祖父的人，寵愛小孫子，讓孫兒用牙簽在自己臉上亂戳，結果釀成悲劇，眼睛被慣壞了的孫兒扎瞎。

2、戰國時，虞國虞學會造漆，他發現把漆樹葉子熬成膏摻在漆中能降低成本，以此成了富翁。一次，他帶了一大批漆前去吳國，吳國此時正與越國打仗，漆的來源斷了。虞學大受吳人歡迎，成交時有人見漆桶上封條很新，懷疑內中有假，就借故說二十天后取貨，二十天后，漆全部變質，虞學漆沒賣出，盤纏也沒有了，餓死吳國。

3、在一個小村莊里，有一口水很清，很甜的水井，過路人都愿意在這里歇腳喝水。一天，一老者發現水井比以往淺了一些，便對村民說，你們這口井該掏掏了，村民很不以為然，沒有接受。第二年春大旱，井水干枯，全村人只好外出逃荒討飯

4、一個搶劫殺人犯臨刑前請求見母親一面。他母親來后，他以要報母親養育之恩為由要吮母親的奶，母親答應了，搶劫犯一口咬掉母親的乳頭，痛苦地說：我小時候偷一根針拿回家，你老人家竟說我是乖孩子，懂得顧家。于是，我偷之膽越來越大，偷之物越來越多，由偷而搶，最終走上刑場，告別人間，媽媽，我恨你。

四、新生事物 【正例】

1、華東師范大學崛起45歲左右的“小字輩”博士生導師群體，其學術領域覆蓋18個博士點，超過該校現有的博士學科總數的半數以上，現已有25名這樣的博士導師活躍在校園里。

2、在漢城奧運會上，美國的曾"創造50米自由泳世界記錄的比昂迪奮力游到終點，當他抬頭看時，發現獨聯體選手比他領先一指奪走了金牌，比昂迪臉上現出燦爛的笑容，由衷地感到欣慰，他過去擁抱了那位把自己打敗的對手。

3、果樹枝頭，碩果累累，秋葉卻飄落了，把自己揉進了護根的泥土，默默地給果樹輸送營養。

【引言】

1、天時人事日相催，冬至陽生春又來。—―白居易

2、革命尚未成功，同志仍須努力。—―孫中山

3、芳林新葉催陳葉，流水前波讓后波。——劉禹錫

4、歷史道路不是涅瓦大街上的人行道，它完全是在田野中前進的，有時穿過塵埃，有時穿過泥濘，有時橫渡沼澤，有時行經叢林。——（俄〉車尼雪夫斯基

5、最可怕的敵人，就是缺乏堅強的信念。——（法）羅曼?羅蘭

6、平靜的湖面，練不出精悍的水手，安逸的環境，造不出偉大的時代。——（俄）列別捷夫

7、楓林新葉催陳葉，雛鳳清于老風聲。——李商隱

五、內因與外因 【正例】

1、一定的溫度，可以使雞蛋孵出小雞，卻不能使石頭孵出小雞。但是，如果沒有一定的溫度這個外因條件，雞蛋也是孵不出小雞的。

2、我國著名的水稻育種專家，號稱“雜交水稻之父”的袁隆平，培育出多種高產優質的水稻新品種。著名小麥育種專家解俊峰等五人，歷時21年，培養出6種巨穗小麥新品種。水稻和小麥生產，有了優良種籽這個變化的依據，再加上良好的水、肥等外部因素，才能高產優質，取得巨大的經濟效益。

3、打鐵先得自身硬。孔繁森、李潤

五、李國安、吳天祥等黨的好干部，面對商品經濟的大潮，站得正，立得穩，勤政廉政，努力工作，為黨旗增了輝，為人民立了大功。

4、人體存在著同化和異化及遺傳和變異的矛盾，人體每一瞬間都有舊的細胞死亡，又有新的細胞產生。正是這種自身的內部矛盾在推動著人生由幼年到少年，由少年到青年以至中老年的變化發展。

5、兩軍相爭，一勝一敗，所以勝敗，皆決寇于內因，勝者或因其強，或因其指揮元誤，敗者或因其弱，或因其指揮失宜，外因通過內因而起作用。

6、戰國時代的蘇秦，從鬼谷子學習縱橫術出游數載，失意而歸。家中人都瞧不起他，他仍發憤讀《陰符經》，每至深夜，要瞌睡了，便引錐刺股，終于學成，掛了六國相印抗秦。

7、著名畫家黃幻吾有將“污紙成畫”的絕技。一次他當眾宣布：“我能在有墨污的紙上作畫，請哪位同志在紙上隨便涂畫兩筆，把紙弄臟，我馬上就能畫成一幅畫。”觀眾中走出一人，在紙上畫了兩個圓圈。黃先生沉思片刻，先將圓圈畫成兩個葫蘆，再添枝加葉又在近旁畫一小鳥。幾分鐘，一隨生機勃勃的葫蘆小鳥圖就畫成了，觀眾無不拍案叫絕。

【引言】

1、有志者二事意成，破釜沉舟，百二秦關終屬楚；苦心人，天不負，臥薪嘗膽，三千越甲可吞吳。——蒲松齡

2、富貴不能淫，貧賤不能移，成或不能屈。——孟子 【反例】

l、弈秋是全國名的棋手，他收了兩個智力相當的學生，其中一位全神貫注靜心聽講，一位雖然也坐在那里聽講，但心里卻想著有一群大雁將要從這里飛過，隨時準備張弓射雁。同一位老師，同一學習內容，外因是完全相同的。但一個專心致志，虛心學習，結果棋藝大進；另一個心猿意馬，用心不專，棋藝無甚長進。（《孟子?告子上》）

2、病菌能使身體衰弱的人致病；在商品經濟的大海中，開金主義腐蝕了一批意志薄弱的人。原北京市市委書記陳希同、副市長王寶森就是這類人的典型。

3、《伶官傳序》中的莊宗，當他即位之后，沉溺于花天酒地，歌舞升平之中，結果“令數十伶人所困”，丟掉了后唐江山。

六、現象與本質 【正例】

1、中世紀的歐洲曾發生過一場可怕的病疫，在不長的時間里死了大約、2500萬人。許多人“無緣無故”的發熱，寒戰、劇烈頭疼，神經錯亂。當時有人以為是“天意”。后來科學家發現它是由一種細菌引起的。鼠疫桿菌的傳染，就是隱藏在現象后面的本質。

2、小蘋果從樹上掉下來.沒有飛到天上去；-塊在石頭被拋向天空，它必然降落到地上??牛頓在前人科學成果的基礎上，經過艱苦的研究，發現這類現象是地球引力作用的結果。

4、有人說，門捷列夫是在玩撲克牌時發現元素周期律的。實際上，門捷列夫吸取了前人的成果，自己又經過20年探索，做了無數次的實驗，積累關于各種元素的基本資料，終于從中發現了元素周期律。

5、古希臘杰出的科學家阿基米德在洗澡時感到入水越深，身體也越輕。由于深入思考，發現了液體靜力學的基本原理——阿基米德原理。他根據這個原理，解開了工匠在王冠里摻假之謎。

6、有人問三個砌磚工人在做什么，第一個說“砌磚”；第二個人說“賺工資”；第三個人說：“建造世界上最富有特色的房子”。后來，第三個成了有名的建筑師。

7、伯樂善于相馬，寫了總結經驗的書在《相馬經》。伯樂的兒子拿著這本《相馬經》去尋找千里馬。每見一馬便拿出父親的《相馬經》對照是不是額高且豐滿，兩眼圓而閃亮，蹄子粗壯而結實。后來他找到二匹符合這種要求的馬，騎上回家，不料這馬只跑了百把里路，就倒地而死，伯樂的兒子只好步行回家。

8、齊國宰相管仲得病后建議齊桓公不可重用易牙、豎刁、常之巫、公子啟方，齊桓公不解地說：“這四人忠心。易牙把自己的孩子煮給我吃，豎刁為在我身邊待奉，自閹當太監；常之巫測禍福，幫我逢兇化吉；公子啟方父親病故，他不肯離我奔喪。”管仲死后，齊桓公起初按管仲的勸說做了，但后來又把此四人召回宮。不日，齊桓公病，四個趁機切斷齊桓公與外界的一切聯系，齊桓公慘死宮中。

9、齊國曲鞍地方的路旁有一棵高大的樹，人們經過這里都要嘖嘖稱奇，唯有一個叫匠石的木匠師傅每天路過大樹，一眼也不看這棵大樹。他徒弟問他何故，他說：“那是一棵無價值的樹，不然的話它不能安安穩穩在這里活這么多年。”果然，這種樹的木材做船透水，做家具有怪味，做棺木很快就腐爛。

【引言】

2、見一落葉，而知歲之將暮；睹瓶中之冰，而知天下之寒。——《淮南子》

3、金無足赤，人無完人。——俗語 【反例】

1、一個漁夫把一條小魚放在大路邊有水的樹洞里之后走了。一個趕路人路過大樹，見樹洞里竟有一條活蹦亂跳的小魚，以為是神魚。一傳十，十傳百，神魚的傳說越來越奇，不少人在樹前燒香祭拜，保佑平安。香火竟然超過附近的寺廟。一天，那放魚的漁夫又路過這里，心中只能暗自好笑。

2、地球上的人們，看到每天太陽從東方升起，到西方落下的現象，認為太陽和其它星球都在圍繞地球旋轉。這就是托勒密的地球中心說。后來，哥白尼的太陽中心說證實了它的錯誤。

七、聯系與制約 【正例】

1、富蘭克林年輕時，曾經到英國倫敦的巴茨印刷所當工人。那時，全所50多個工人，受社會上飲酒風氣的影響，人人嗜好啤酒。但是，富蘭克林卻滴酒不入，只吃面包喝清水，他勸工人們說：“體育鍛煉可以健身。”可是人們不聽，并嘲笑他是“喝清水的美洲人”。富蘭克林工作之余，經常散步、游泳、做體操和跑步，身體越來越結實。一次，工人們搬金屬板，每人用力氣也只能搬動一塊，富蘭克林卻輕而易舉搬起兩塊。工人們問他有什么決竅，他說：“我的力氣，就是靠經常鍛煉得來的。”

2、碧波蕩漾的河水，哺育著兩岸的生物，可它必須在大堤之間流淌；一旦沖擊河床，必然泛濫成災，自己也只能干涸。地球是人類之母，可它必須在一定的軌道上運行；離開了軌道，只能成為宇窗中的一顆流星。

【反例】 l、《左傳》中有則《唇亡齒寒》的故事。虞國和虢國本是唇齒相依的兩個戰略伙伴，而虞國國君不聽勸阻，接受晉國的美玉，讓道給晉國前去攻打虢國，結果，晉國滅了鏡國后，在班師回國途中把虞國滅亡了。

2、俄國克雷洛夫一寓言故事：一匹解除了韁繩的馬，眼冒火，頭充血，再也不聽主人的斥責，飛奔狂跑，結果沖下深淵，粉身碎骨。

3、齊景公在渤海之濱游玩，忽接信使報告：“丞相晏嬰病危，生前怕難相見。”景公急忙起身返回，嫌馬太慢，親自揮鞭；過后還覺得馬走得不快，索性棄車行走了，結果更慢了，終沒見到晏嬰。

八、主要矛盾與矛盾的主要方面 【正例】

2、新陳代謝是宇宙間普遍的規律。在新和舊這一對矛盾中，我們要促進新的方面，去戰勝舊的方面。當新的方面由小變大，上升為支配的東西，舊的方面由大變小，逐步歸于滅亡，舊事物的性質變化為新事物的性質了。

3、趙人養了一只貓，它捕捉了老鼠，也吃光了雞。趙人之子要父親把貓趕走。但趙人認為不絕鼠患，難得溫飽，沒有雞吃，無關緊要。因此，還是留下了這只貓。

4、一位青年苦惱地對法國昆蟲學家法布爾說，我愛科學，可我也愛文學，對音樂和美術也感興趣，不知疲倦地把自己的全部精力都用上了，結果卻收效甚微。聽完年輕人的話，法布爾從口袋里掏出一塊透鏡說：“把你的精力集中到一個重點上試試，就象這塊透鏡一樣!”青年人照法希爾的話去做了，終有建樹。

【引言】

1、與其花許多時間和精力去鑿許多淺井，不如花同樣的時間和精力去鑿一口深井。——（法）羅曼?羅蘭

3、牽牛要牽牛鼻子，打蛇要打七寸。——俗語

4、方氣用在節骨眼上，好鋼使在刀口上，工作要做在點子上。——俗語 【反例】

l、鼯鼠身懷五種本領：會飛，會走，能游泳，能爬樹，又會掘土打洞。但說來可憐。飛，飛不上屋頂；游泳，渡不過小溪；爬樹，爬不上樹梢；走吧，還不如人走得快；掘土打成的洞，竟藏不住自己小小的身體，名義上是學會了五種本領，其實，一樣也不中用，這怎能說它有本領呢!

2、古時，兄弟倆出去打獵。一個大雁飛來，正要彎弓射雁的時候，哥哥說：“射下大雁煮了吃。”弟弟說：“應該烤了吃。”兄弟倆爭論不休，誰也說服不了誰，而大雁早就振翅飛遠了。

九、具體問題具體分析 【正例】

l、唐太宗李世民為廣羅人才，令封德彝推舉賢人。很久，封德彝未推薦過一個，太宗責問他，他說：“不是我不盡心去找實在是因為現在沒有什么杰出大才。”太宗嚴正批駁：“君子用人如同使用器具一樣，應當各取所長，自古以來能使國家達到大治的帝王，難道都是向別的朝代去借人才來用的嗎？我們只應該擔心自己不能識別人才，怎么可以冤枉當今一世的人啊!”封德彝聽后無言以對。

2、三國時期的名醫華佗，給李延、倪尋兩人治病，他們癥狀基本相同，都是頭疼發燒。可是，華佗給李延開的藥方是發散劑，給倪尋開卻是通導劑。原來，華佗具體問題具體分析，他從李延的病情看出是由外部器官引起的，從倪尋的病情看出是由內部積食引起的，所以用不同的處方治好了兩人的病。

3、興建三峽工程，是利多弊少，還是弊多利少？對三峽工程持懷疑態度的主要顧慮是庫尾泥沙，移民安置、生態環境，文物保護以及國力等問題。但興建三峽工程，將帶來防洪、發電、航運，以及南水北調等巨大的經濟效益和社會效益，即使像生態環境等問題，也是既有弊更有利的。古人云：“兩害取其輕，兩利取其重。”經過認真周密的科學論證，專家們的結論是：建設三峽工程，對四化建設是必要的，技術上可行的，經濟上是合理的，建比不建好，早建比晚建好。

4、春秋時，晉國大將祁黃羊年齡大了，便向晉悼公提出辭職的請求。晉悼公說：“你走了，派誰接替你呢?”祁黃羊說：“解狐最合適。”晉悼公說：“解狐不是你的仇人嗎?”祁黃羊說：“大王只問我什么人能帶好軍隊，并沒有問解狐是不是我的仇人。”后來解狐死了，晉悼公問祁黃羊：“再派誰好呢?”祁黃羊說：“祁午能擔任這個職務。”晉悼公說：“祁午不是你的兒子嗎?”祁黃羊說：“大王只問我誰能擔任這個職務，并沒有問祁午是不是我的兒子。”祁午上任后，賞罰分明，得到人們的贊揚。

【引言】

2、俗話說：“一把鑰匙開一把鎖”。【反例】

1、一個高個子身高于門，必須彎腰進門；一個矮個子進門也學高個子的樣彎腰，成為笑話。

2、有個魯國人擅長編麻鞋，妻子擅長織白絹，想遷家去越國。有人說：“你們將會貧窮。麻鞋是腳穿的，臼絹是做帽子的，而越國人一貫赤腳走路，喜歡披頭散發。”這個魯國人不聽，去越國一年后，貧困而返。十、一切從實際出發 【正例】

1、戰國時期，齊國的鄒忌是個美男子。他的妻、妾和客人都說他比城北徐公美，可是鄒忌并不盲目自信。看到徐公后，自認為不如徐公美，而且照鏡子，仔細“調查研究”一番，覺得比徐公差了一大截。他悟出了妻、妾和客人說他美的原因，并用此設喻來委婉地規勸齊威王廣開言路，納諫除蔽，使齊國強盛起來，在朝廷上“戰勝”了燕、趙、韓、魏等國。

2、吳吉昌通過反復實踐解決了棉花落桃問題，姚士昌通過幾年實踐摸索出落花生增產的經驗，李光慶在水稻生產中解決了減少空殼率的問題，袁隆平辛苦多年培育出雜交水稻系列制種。他們的經驗和理論普遍推廣，為解決人類的穿衣吃飯作出了杰出貢獻。

3、宋代的沈括，為了測定極星的位置，連續三個月里，每晚上半夜、午夜、下半夜各觀察一次，畫出200多張圖，并進行細致測量和數學推演，“凡十余年，方初見真數”，得出每日微差時間的大小，并給予理論上的解釋。

【引言】

3、知彼知己百戰不殆。——孫子

4、兼聽則明，偏信則暗。——魏征

7、紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行。一一陸游 【反例】

1、《史記》記載：趙國名將趙奢的兒子趙括從小熟讀兵書，紙上談兵，滔滔不絕。趙括頗為得意，以為世上人莫可擋。而趙奢卻不以為喜，他說，一旦讓趙括帶兵，“破趙軍者必括也。”趙奢死后，趙括率兵與秦國交戰，結果為秦將白起的奇兵佯攻所詐，糧道被絕，軍隊被圍，不但自己被秦軍射死，還斷送了四十萬兵士的性命。藺相如曾經批評趙王用趙括帶兵如“膠柱鼓瑟”，批評趙括只會紙上談兵，不能根據實際情況靈活變通。

2、有一個人丟失了一把斧子，主觀認定是鄰居的兒子偷的。看他走路的樣子，面部的表情都像是偷了斧頭的樣子。聽他講話的聲調，也像是偷了斧頭的人。總之，鄰居的兒了動作態度，沒有一處不像偷了斧頭的樣子。后來，這個人在山溝里掘地，找到了自己的斧子。再看鄰居的兒子，動作態度沒有一處像偷斧的樣子了。（《列子?說符篇》）

3、古時候一個國王出巡，聽到哭聲，命令隨臣去查問。回報說，那邊山上一婦人在哭，她丈夫吃飯不幸噎死了。國王下令，今后任何人都不準吃飯了。

十一、掌握分寸 【正例】

1、南朝名醫陶弘景認為巴豆最能瀉人，是一種瀉藥。李時珍經過試驗后，認為巴豆劑量用得重可引起嚴重腹瀉，但是，如果劑量輕，可治療腹瀉。他用這種方法，治好了一個患慢性腹瀉的婦女。以后，又陸續治好了一百個腹瀉的病人。

2、服藥治病，劑量必須適當，量小治不了病，量大又會造成中毒。在農業生產中，播種量、施肥量等要適度。在工業生產中，機器的運轉速度、運轉時間要適度。孔子說：“過猶不及”，意思是說，事情做過了頭，就像做得不夠一樣，也達不到預期的目的。

3、我們不管做什么事都要恰到好處。京劇著名演員表演，總講究不溫不火。優秀的歌手在熱情地歌唱時，情真而又能自持。工人煉鋼要注意火侯，做政治工作要掌握分寸。

【引言】

小不忍，則亂大謀。——孔子 【反例】

2、俄國有個叫杰米揚的人，做湯鮮美可口，受到客人好評。一次，他又用拿手好湯招待客人，在他的力勸下，客人已喝了很多，可這位杰米揚先生還是無休止地勸客人再喝一盆，客人只好逃走。

3、青年工人胡某，深夜將本廠電工的鐵皮工具箱偷出，藏在廠院墻外的草叢中，準備第二天晚上取走。次日，電工李某在院墻外發現了自己失竊的工具箱，知道小偷會來拿，便將220伏的電線接在鐵皮工具箱上。當晚，胡某前去取箱，被當場電死。結果，李某被判了無期徒刑。

十二、道德 【正例】

1、明朝陳壽，小時候家里很窮，但有一次他拾了財物，卻坐在那里守到深夜，忍饑挨餓等待失主來找。失主來了，他就把財物還給了人家。

2、東晉孝武帝時，郗超與謝玄合不來，但當秦王持堅率兵攻晉時，都超推薦謝玄，他認為對人才當做到人盡其用，此次出征，必然能夠建立功勛。結果，謝玄果然在淝水之戰中一舉獲全勝。

3、一個寒風凜冽的日子，年輕的左拉因身無分文，只好忍著饑餓坐在巴黎盧森堡公園的長椅上做詩。這時有個一天一夜沒有吃東西的少女哆哆嗦嗦地過來討錢，同樣處境的左拉脫下上衣給那個少女，叫她換頓飯吃，自己只穿一件襯衫，冒著寒冷回到他的閣樓上去。

5、陳嘉庚相繼捐了巨額金錢，在國內興辦各類學校。他有個兒子曾向公司支借了五十元錢。陳老查帳時發現，回家警告兒子說：“你爸爸的錢是不能給侵吞的！”有人覺得不可理解，陳笑著解釋說：“人誰不愛其子，惟別有道德之愛，非多遺金錢方謂之愛，且賢而多財必損其志，愚而多財益其過，實乃害之，非愛之也。”

【引言】

1、德，國家之基地。——《左傳》

2、百行以德為首。——《世說新語》

3、在一個人民的國家中還要有一種推動的樞紐，這就是美德——孟德斯鳩

4、生命的短促，只有關德能將它留傳到遼遠的后世。——莎士比亞

5、如果道德敗壞了，趣味也必然會墮落。——盧梭

6、道德常常能填補智慧的缺陷，而智慧卻永遠填補不了道德的缺陷。——但丁

7、美德、有如名香，經燃燒或壓榨而其香愈烈，蓋幸運最能顯露惡而厄運最能顯露美德也。——培根

8、道德、面貌渺小的地方，不會有偉大的人物。——羅曼?羅蘭 【反例】

東海郡的孝子郭純死了母親。每當他哭母親的時候，就有成群的鳥雀飛落聚在他周圍。官府派人檢查觀看，確實有這樣的事情，立即給他門上掛匾，巷口建牌坊，表彰他的孝行。后來查明：原來郭純每次哭母時，總是把餅撕碎撒在地上，于是成群的鳥雀爭著飛來吃餅。以后仍這樣做，鳥雀一聽到郭純的哭聲，沒有不爭著飛來聚集的，并不是郭純的孝心感動了鬼神而顯什么靈異。

十三、榮譽 【正例】

1、舉世聞名的西班牙畫家畢加索的女兒巴魯瑪?畢加索，不用她父親的遺產和聲望來抬高自己的身價。作為服裝、珠寶設計師的巴魯瑪，十八歲時就毅然改就自己的姓名，將“畢加索”的字樣抹去了。她常常嗤笑道：“‘畢加索’的名字確曾使我輕易地克服了各種障礙，辦事極為方便。”然而，她又莊重地說：“實際上，我不認為金錢和聲譽能使一個人最終獲得成功。我認為，成功，始終應該靠自己的不懈努力來達到。”

2、有個俄國青年想一舉成名。他去請教列夫·托爾斯泰，列夫?托爾斯泰誠懇地對年輕人說：“人好比分數，而分母就是他把自己想象的那么大小。分母越大，分數就越小，如果分母是無窮大，分數就等于零了。”

3、英國物理學家法拉第，建樹卓絕，螢聲科壇，榮譽獎章接踵而至。他一生中得到九十四個榮譽頭銜，獎章、勛章不計其數。可是他把獎章藏起來，從來不愿意佩戴。得到榮譽時，他從不喜形于色。他說：“我不能說這些榮譽不珍貴，不過我從來不是為了追求這些榮譽而工作。”

4、歐陽修和宋祁寫《新唐書》，歐陽修只寫紀、志部分，宋祁寫列傳部分，書成之后，按舊例，作者只署官職最高者一個的姓名。歐陽修官職最高，可歐陽修堅決反對這種做法。于是分別署名，紀、志題歐陽修撰，列傳題宋祁撰。

5、肖伯納到蘇聯度假，一天，他在公園里遇到一個小姑娘。他同她玩了半天，分別時對她說：“你回去告訴你媽媽，今天同你玩的就是世界上有名的肖伯納。”天真的小姑娘立刻仿照他的口吻說：“你也回去告訴你媽媽，今天和你玩的是蘇聯姑娘瑪莎。”肖伯納把這件事當作一次教訓，深深印在腦海里。

【引言】

1、無瑕的名譽是世間最純粹的珍珠。——莎士比亞

2、獎狀對于一個真正的英雄，永遠不是一張畢業證書，而是攀登途中的一座座里程碑。——格言

【反例】

英國“蒸汽大王”瓦特活了八十三歲，他出身木匠家庭，年輕時勤奮好學，發明了新型蒸汽機，一舉成名，成為制造蒸汽機的大老板。可到晚年，他竟壓制推廣霍思布源發明的“雙筒蒸汽機”，他還以“學閥”的姿態壓制特列維蒂克發明的“高壓蒸汽機”。

十四、專心 【正例】

1、晉代大書法家王羲之有一回在書房里練字，書童送來他最愛吃的蒜泥和饃饃，他頭也未抬，繼續揮筆疾書。后來他夫人來書房催他用餐，只見他手里拿著一塊沾滿墨汁的饃饃正往嘴里送，還連聲夸獎夫人今天做的蒜泥好香。

2、唐代詩人賈島為了錘煉“鳥宿池邊樹，僧敲月下門”中的“敲”字，思考入迷，竟撞了當時京兆尹韓愈的轎。

3、我國著名麻類纖維女專家云鶴在濟南女師學習時，叫同學們把自己反鎖在學校一個堆放雜物的破倉庫里邊，以便集中精力溫習功課。在倉庫里，她每天起五更，睡半夜，不顧悶熱潮濕、蚊蟲叮咬，發奮學習。后來，她終于成為畢業于美國俄亥俄州大學第一個女化學博士。

4、數學家吳文俊教授能記住某一臺機器的安裝時間，能記清某臺計算機程序的編制數目和編制時間，卻記不住自己的生日，甚至連自己結婚的日子也忘掉了。用他自己的話說是“從來不記那些沒有意義的數字”。

5、高度集中注意力，工作會事半功倍，長期鍛煉這種能力可以使人在復雜的環境下不受外界干擾而積極思維。列寧極善集中注意力，在激烈的論辯中，他可以一邊細昕對方的講話，一邊迅速記下自己的論點。契訶夫可以在人聲鼎沸的車站、飯店構思作品。列夫·托爾斯泰堅持在戰火紛飛的前線寫小說。波蘭詩人密茨凱維柯支，一次在旅館欣賞肖邦的鋼琴演奏，忽然室外發生了火警，人們奪門而出，及至火已撲滅，人們重返室內時，肖邦仍在演奏，而詩人也在凝神傾聽，對剛才的騷亂竟一點也沒有覺察。

【引言】

1、心不在焉，視而不見，聽而不聞，食而不知其味。——《禮記?大學》

2、心不專，不能專誠。——《淮南子》

3、聰明的人會把凡是分散精力的要求置之度外，只專心致志地去學一門，學一門就把它學好。——《歌德談話錄》

【反例】

1、國手弈秋曾教兩個學生弈棋。一個學習時專心致志，結果不久便學會下棋。另一個學習時心不在焉，一心想到窗外的飛雁，結果既未學會下棋，又浪費了時間。2、1830年，維勒對墨西哥出產一種鋁礦潛心研究，斷定這種鋁礦中還有一種沒被人發現的新元素。可惜的是，他沒有繼續研究下去。就在第二年，塞夫斯德朗對此經過長期研究，終于發現了這一新元素——釩。維勒對自己的淺嘗輒止深感懊悔。

十五、謙虛 【正例】

2、大科學家牛頓在科學事業上取得的成就，算是不小吧，可是當他談到自己的成就時，卻謙虛地說：“我只是象一個在海濱玩耍的小孩子，有時很高興地拾到一顆光滑美麗的石子，真理的大海還是沒有發現。”

3、戰國時期，趙國名將趙奢領兵救韓，先后兩次虛心傾聽士兵許歷的建議，挫敗秦軍夜襲陰謀，占據戰場有利地形，殺得秦軍尸橫遍野，大敗而逃。

4、唐代大詩人李白登上黃鶴樓，正想詠景抒懷，忽然發現墻上有崔穎題詩，吟詠再三，不禁叫絕，感到自己的構思立意沒有超過崔穎，斷然放棄了做詩的念頭，只說了聲：“眼前有景道不得，崔穎題詩在上頭。”便離去了。

5、孔子說：“三人行，必有我師焉。”雖然郯子之徒，其賢不及孔子，但孔子卻向鄭子請教官職的名稱，向萇弘請教關于音樂的事，向師襄學習彈琴，向老子問禮。

【引言】

3、滿招損，謙受益。——《尚書》

4、智慧是寶石，如果用謙遜鑲邊，就會更加燦爛奪目。——（蘇）高爾基 【反例】

1、滑鐵盧戰役，拿破侖不把同盟軍的主將威靈頓放在眼內，說：“威靈頓有什么了不起，敗軍之將，我用不到一頓早餐的時間，就能干掉它!”此話傳開，法軍上下一片驕狂。結果，卻是法軍全線崩潰，一敗涂地。

2、三國時的蜀將馬謖，自恃有學問有見地，驕傲自大，主觀武斷，既違背軍師諸葛亮的安排，不聽參軍王平的意見，不僅失掉了街亭，連自己的腦袋也丟了。