第一篇：2014年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試英語試題(新課標II卷,解析版)

英語

本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分。考試結束后，將本試卷和答案卡一并交回。注意事項：

1．答第I卷前考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2．選出每小題答案前，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號框,不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分40分）第一節(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)

閱讀下列列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑．

A

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A.Go shopping B.Find a house C.Join his family D.Take his family

2.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policeman C.a letter in his papers

D.a stranger in Sydney

3.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?

A.Showed B.Sent out C.Delivered D.Gave back

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.B

Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the

environment.“We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many, many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports, emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty –five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.” Until we do that, nothing else will change!” say Bruce Anderson.5.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___ A.the social movementB.recycling techniques C.environmental problems

D.the importance of Earth Day

6.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A.The grass –roots levelB.The business circleC.Government officials D.University professors

7.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest

B.They have settled their environmental problemsC.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures.8.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A.EducationB.PlanningC.Green livingD.CO reduction

C

One of the latest trend（趨勢）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004.And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stock, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year old son.“I would at least like togive him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China.She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接觸)the language and culture.” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

The popularity of au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?A.A mother raising her children on her ownB.A child learning a foreign language at homeC.A professor in language education of children D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.10.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.A.to live in China some dayB.to speak the language at homeC.to catch up wit other children D.to learn about the Chinese culture

11.What can we infer from the text?

A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,B.Educated woman do better in looking after childrenC.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.D

Metro Pocket Guide 地鐵)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel.Free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.Get one ticket of unlimited Metro rail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9:30 a, m.until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.Open 5amMon-Fri7a.mSat-SunOpen midnight Sun-Thur.Last train times vary.Train times Posted in stationsWhen paying with exact charge, the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip?card , the fare is 1.25.Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or Smar/Trip ? card.For more information about buying senior disabled farecard, SmarTrip?cards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 202-637-7000and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorall services by calling 202-962-1100.Travel tips(提示)

.Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m.and between 4and 6p.m..If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost &Found at 202-962-1195.12.What should you know about farecard machines?

A.They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.B.They are connected to change machines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than $5.13.At what time does Metrorall stop service on Saturday?

A.At midnight.B.At 3 a.m.C.At 5 a.m.D.At 7a.m.14.What is good about a SmarTrip?card?

A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its users C It can be bought at any train D.It is sold on the Internet

15.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A.202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100 C.202-637-7000 D.202-637-8000

第二節（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread?.It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for future meal.This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead.D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.第二部分英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）

第一節 完形填空（共20小題；每題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A, B, C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes Mountains.They reached the top 21______, but on their way back conditions were very 22_______.Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon 23_______ alone, he would probably get back 24_______.But Simon decided to risk his 25_______ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（繩.As they 26_______ down, the weather got worse.Then another 27_______ occurred.They couldn’t see or hear each other and,28_______, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁.It was 29_______ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe’s 30_______ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.31_______, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 32_______.In tears, he cut the rope.Joe 33_______ into a large crevasse（裂縫）in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn’t walk, but he 34_______ to get out of the crevasse and started to 35_______ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers 36_______.Simon had 37_______ the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be 38_______, but he didn’t want to leave39_______.Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice.He couldn’t 40_______ it.Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.21.A.hurriedlyB.carefullyC.successfullyD.early 22.A.difficultB.similarC.specialD.normal 23.A.climbedB.workedC.restedD.continued 24.A.unwillinglyB.safelyC.slowlyD.regretfully25.A.fortuneB.timeC.healthD.life26.A.layB.settledC.wentD.looked27.A.damageB.stormC.changeD.trouble28.A.by mistakeB.by chanceC.by choice D.by luck

29.A.unnecessaryB.practicalC.importantD.impossible30.A.heightB.weightC.strengthD.equipment31.A.FinallyB.PatientlyC SurelyD Quickly32.A.stand backB.take a restC.make a decisionD.hold on33.A.jumpedB.fellC escapedD backed34.A.managedB.plannedC.waitedD.hoped35.A.runB.skateC.moveD.march36.A.aroundB.awayC.aboveD.along

37.A.headed forB.traveled toC.left forD.returned to38.A.deadB.hurtC.weakD.late39.A.secretlyB.tiredlyC.immediatelyD.anxiously40.A.findB.believeC.makeD.accept

My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening

music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our第二卷 注意：將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

friends.第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）第二節（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）第二節書面表達（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。【題文】 一家英語報社向中學生征文，主題是“十年后的我”，請根據下列要點和你的暢想 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 41 完成短文。some of them 1.家庭： looked very anxious and 43 2．工作： hurried on board.I got a place next 44the window, so I had a good view of 3.業余生活。the sidewalk.A boy on a bike 45(catch)my attention.he was riding beside 注意：1.詞數100左右： the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫： 463.開頭語已為你寫好。(ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally, when we came to the I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver

______________________________________________________________________________

stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted, “I）.She pushed her way to the driver and to

______________________________________________________________________________

the little boy.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done.And the passengers 50（sudden）became friendly to one another.______________________________________________________________________________

第四部分寫作（共兩節，滿分35分）

______________________________________________________________________________

第一節：短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

【題文】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。

______________________________________________________________________________

文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

______________________________________________________________________________

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

______________________________________________________________________________

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didn’t need to do so many homework.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

第二篇：2014年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試英語試題(貴州卷)

2014年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試(貴州卷)

英語

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分 閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分40分)

第一節(共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

(A)

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.My husbnad rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly forengn addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not onlythe important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remenber their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A.Go shopping.B.Find a house.C.Join his family.D.Take a vacation.2.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from ___.A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policemanC.a letter in his papers D.a sranger in Sydney

3.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?A.Showed.B.Sent out.C.Delivered.D.Gave back.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.(B)

Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affair has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and sepecially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The undersatnding has increased many, many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports, emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs, today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that, nothing else will change!” says Bruce Anderson.5.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___.A.the social movement B.recycling techniquesC.environmental problems D.the importance of Earth Day

6.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A.The grass-roots level.B.The business circle.C.Government officials.D.University professors.7.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B.They have settled their environmental problems.C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures.8.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?

A.Education.B.Planning.C.Green living.D.CO reduction.(C)

One of the latest trends(趨勢)in American childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford, Conn., for example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004.And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it wouls be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age,” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son.“I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the futurre.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接觸)the language and culture,” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.“But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

The popularity of au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.9.What does that term “au pair” in the text mean?A.A mother raising her children on her own.B.A child learning a foreign language at home.C.A professor in language education of children.D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.10.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ___.A.to live in China some day B.to speak the language at homeC.to catch up with other children D.to learn about the Chinese culture 11.What can we infer from the text?

A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America.B.Educated woman do better in looking after children.C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.(D)

Metro Pocket Guide

地鐵)

Earth passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9:30 a.m.until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.Open: 5 a.m.Mon.—Fri.7 a.m.Sat.—Sun.Close: midnight Sun.—Thurs.3 a.m.Fri.—Sat.Nights

Last train times vary.To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted stations.When paying with exact change, the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip? card, the fare is $1.25.Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus, sue a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip? card.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, SmarTrip? cards and passes, please visit MetroOPensDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrirail service by calling 202-962-1100.(提示)

? Avoid riding during weekday rush periods — before 9:30 a.m.and between 4

and 6 p.m.? If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.12.What should you know about farecard machines?A.They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.B.They are connected to change nachines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than $5.13.At what time does Metrolrail stop service on Saturday?A.At midnight.B.At 3 a.m.C.At 5 a.m.D.At 7 p.m.14.What is good about a SmarTrip? card?

A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its usersC.It can be bought at ant time.D.It is sold on the Internet.15.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?A.202-962-1195.B.202-962-1100.C.202-637-7000.D.202-637-8000.第二節(共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分)

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money, and time.16.___ Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today i want to gove you some wisedom about how to make the most of time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

⒈ Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? 17.___

⒉ Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread? 18.___ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.⒊ 19.___ This may surise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.20.___ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead.D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.第三部分 英語知識運用(共兩節，滿分45分)

第一節 完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of back conditions were very fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(繩).As they down, the weather got worse.Then another occurred.They couldn’t see or hear each other and, precipice(峭壁for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe’s large crevasse(裂縫)in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn’t walk, but he , but he didn’t want to leave heard Joe’s voice.He couldn’t alive.21.A.hurriedly B.carefully C.successfully D.early 22.A.difficult B.similar C.special D.normal 23.A.climbed B.worked C.rested D.continued 24.A.unwillingly B.safely C.slowly D.regretfully 25.A.fortune B.time C.health D.life 26.A.lay B.settled C.went D.looked 27.A.damage B.storm C.change D.trouble 28.A.by mistake B.by chance C.by choice D.by luck 29.A.unnecessary B.practical C.important D.impossible 30.A.height B.weight C.strength D.equipment 31.A.Finally B.Patiently C.Surely D.Quickly 32.A.stand back B.take a rest C.make a decision D.hold on 33.A.jumped B.fell C.escaped D.backed 34.A.managed B.planed C.waited D.hoped 35.A.run B.skate C.move D.march 36.A.around B.away C.above D.along 37.A.headed for B.traveled to C.left for D.returned to 38.A.dead B.hurt C.weak D.late 39.A.secretly B.tiredly C.immediately D.anxiously 40.A.Find B.Believe C.make D.accept

第II卷

第二節 語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 41.________(be)late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 42.________ some of them looked very anxious and 43.________(disappoint).When the bus finally

came, we all hurried on board.I got a place next 44.________ the window, so I had

a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike 45.________(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 46.________(stop)until we reached the next stop.Still, the boy kept 47.________(ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked, “48.________ anyone lode a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear!It’s 49.________(I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 50.________(sudden)became friendly to one another.第四部分 寫作(共兩節，滿分35分)

第一節 短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線〔〕劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：⒈ 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

⒉ 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didn’t need to do so many homework.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.第二節 書面表達(滿分25分)

一家英語報社向中學生征文，主題是“十年后的我”。請根據下列要點和你的暢想完成短文。

⒈ 家庭；⒉ 工作；⒊ 業余生活。

注意：① 詞數100左右：② 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；③ 開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數。

第三篇：精品解析：2018年全國普通高等學校招生統一考試理科數學(新課標II卷)(原卷版)

絕密★啟用前

2018年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試

理科數學

注意事項：

1．答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．作答時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無效。3．考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

一、選擇題：本題共12小題，每小題5分，共60分，在每小題給出的四個選項中，只有一項是符合題目要求的。1.A.B.C.D.，則中元素的個數為 2.已知集合A.9

B.8

C.5

D.4 3.函數的圖象大致為

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D 4.已知向量，滿足，則

A.4

B.3

C.2

D.0 5.雙曲線的離心率為，則其漸近線方程為 A.6.在A.B.中，B.7.為計算

C.C.，D.D.，則，設計了下面的程序框圖，則在空白框中應填入

A.B.C.D.8.我國數學家陳景潤在哥德巴赫猜想的研究中取得了世界領先的成果．哥德巴赫猜想是“每個大于2的偶數可以表示為兩個素數的和”，如等于30的概率是

．在不超過30的素數中，隨機選取兩個不同的數，其和A.B.C.D.中，，則異面直線

與

所成角的余弦值為 9.在長方體A.B.10.若A.B.C.11.已知A.是定義域為

C.在D.是減函數，則的最大值是

D.的奇函數，滿足

．若，則

B.0

C.2

D.50 12.已知，是橢圓為等腰三角形，A.B.C.D.的左，右焦點，是的左頂點，點在過且斜率為的直線上，則的離心率為

二、填空題：本題共4小題，每小題5分，共20分。13.曲線14.若15.已知在點滿足約束條件，處的切線方程為__________．

則，則，的最大值為__________． __________．

所成角的余弦值為，與圓錐底面所成角為45°，若的16.已知圓錐的頂點為，母線面積為，則該圓錐的側面積為__________．

三、解答題：共70分。解答應寫出文字說明、證明過程或演算步驟。第17～21題為必考題，每個試題考生都必須作答。第22、23為選考題，考生根據要求作答。學科&網

（一）必考題：共60分。17.記為等差數列

（1）求的前項和，已知，． 的通項公式；

（2）求，并求的最小值．18.下圖是某地區2000年至2016年環境基礎設施投資額（單位：億元）的折線圖．

為了預測該地區2018年的環境基礎設施投資額，建立了與時間變量的兩個線性回歸模型．根據2000年至2016年的數據（時間變量的值依次為年的數據（時間變量的值依次為）建立模型①：

．

；根據2010年至2016）建立模型②：

（1）分別利用這兩個模型，求該地區2018年的環境基礎設施投資額的預測值；

（2）你認為用哪個模型得到的預測值更可靠？并說明理由． 19.設拋物線的焦點為，過且斜率為的直線與交于，兩點，．

（1）求的方程；

（2）求過點，且與的準線相切的圓的方程． 20.如圖，在三棱錐（1）證明：（2）若點在棱中，平面；

為，求

與平面

所成角的正弦值．，為的中點．

上，且二面角

21.已知函數（1）若．，證明：當

時，；（2）若在只有一個零點，求．

（二）選考題：共10分。請考生在第22、23題中任選一題作答。如果多做，則按所做的第一題計分。22.[選修4－4：坐標系與參數方程] 在直角坐標系中，曲線的參數方程為

（為參數），直線的參數方程為

（為參數）.（1）求和的直角坐標方程；

（2）若曲線截直線所得線段的中點坐標為，求的斜率．

23.[選修4－5：不等式選講]

設函數．

（1）當時，求不等式的解集；

（2）若，求的取值范圍．

第四篇：2018年全國普通高等學校招生統一考試文科數學(新課標II卷)

………線…………○………… ………線…………○…………

絕密★啟用前

2018年全國普通高等學校招生統一考試文科數學（新課標II

卷）

第I卷（選擇題）

1．A.B.C.D.……○ __○…___…_…___……__…：…號…訂考_訂_…___……___……___……：級…○班_○…___…_…__…_…___……：名…裝姓裝_…__…_…___……___……_:校…○學○……………………外內……………………○○……………………2．已知集合，則

A.B.C.D.3．函數的圖像大致為

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D 4．已知向量，滿足，則

A.4B.3C.2D.0

5．從2名男同學和3名女同學中任選2人參加社區服務，則選中的2人都是女同學的概率為 A.B.C.D.6．雙曲線的離心率為，則其漸近線方程為

A.B.C.D.7．在中，，則

A.B.C.D.8．為計算，設計了下面的程序框圖，則在空白框中應填入

試卷第1頁，總4頁

………線…………○…………

………線…………○…………

A.B.C.D.9．在正方體中，為棱的中點，則異面直線

與

所成角的正切值為

A.B.C.D.10．若在是減函數，則的最大值是

A.B.C.D.11．已知，是橢圓的兩個焦點，是上的一點，若，且，則的離心率為

A.B.C.D.12．已知是定義域為的奇函數，滿足

．若，則

A.B.0

C.2

D.50

試卷第2頁，總4頁

……○ …※○※……題※……※…答…※…訂※內訂…※……※線……※…※…訂…○※※○…裝…※…※……在※……※裝要…※裝…※不……※……※請……※※…○○……………………內外……………………○○……………………………線…………○………… ………線…………○…………

第II卷（非選擇題）

13．曲線在點

處的切線方程為__________．

14．若滿足約束條件 則的最大值為__________．

15．已知，則__________．，互相垂直，與圓錐底面所成角為，若的16．已知圓錐的頂點為，母線……○ __○…___…_…___……__…：…號…訂考_訂_…___……___……___……：級…○班_○…___…_…__…_…___……：名…裝姓裝_…__…_…___……___……_:校…○學○……………………外內……………………○○……………………面積為，則該圓錐的體積為__________．

17．記為等差數列的前項和，已知，．

（1）求的通項公式；

（2）求，并求的最小值．

18．下圖是某地區2000年至2016年環境基礎設施投資額（單位：億元）的折線圖．

為了預測該地區2018年的環境基礎設施投資額，建立了與時間變量的兩個線性回歸模型．根據2000年至2016年的數據（時間變量的值依次為）建立模型①：；根據2010年至2016年的數據（時間變量的值依次為）建立模型②：

．

（1）分別利用這兩個模型，求該地區2018年的環境基礎設施投資額的預測值；

（2）你認為用哪個模型得到的預測值更可靠？并說明理由． 19．如圖，在三棱錐

中，，為的中點．

試卷第3頁，總4頁

………線…………○…………

（1）證明：

（2）若點在棱

平面上，且

；，求點到平面的距離．

………線…………○…………

20．設拋物線的焦點為，過且斜率為的直線與交于，兩點，．

（1）求的方程；

（2）求過點，且與的準線相切的圓的方程．

21．已知函數．

（1）若，求的單調區間；

（2）證明：只有一個零點．

22．[選修4－4：坐標系與參數方程] 在直角坐標系中，曲線的參數方程為

（為參數），直線的參數方程為（為參數）.（1）求和的直角坐標方程；

（2）若曲線截直線所得線段的中點坐標為，求的斜率．

23．[選修4－5：不等式選講]

設函數．

（1）當時，求不等式的解集；

（2）若，求的取值范圍．

試卷第4頁，總4頁

……○ …※○※……題※……※…答…※…訂※內訂…※……※線……※…※…訂…○※※○…裝……※※……在※……※…裝要※裝…※不……※……※請……※…○※○……………………內外……………………○○……………………本卷由系統自動生成，請仔細校對后使用，答案僅供參考。

參考答案

1．D 【解析】分析：根據公式詳解：，可直接計算得，故選D.點睛：復數題是每年高考的必考內容，一般以選擇或填空形式出現，屬簡單得分題，高考中復數主要考查的內容有：復數的分類、復數的幾何意義、共軛復數，復數的模及復數的乘除運算，在解決此類問題時，注意避免忽略2．C 【解析】分析：根據集合詳解：，故選C

點睛：集合題也是每年高考的必考內容，一般以客觀題形式出現，一般解決此類問題時要先將參與運算的集合化為最簡形式，如果是“離散型”集合可采用Venn圖法解決，若是“連續型”集合則可借助不等式進行運算.3．B 【解析】分析：通過研究函數奇偶性以及單調性，確定函數圖像.，可直接求解

.中的負號導致出錯.詳解：舍去D;

為奇函數，舍去A,，所以舍去C；因此選B.點睛：有關函數圖象識別問題的常見題型及解題思路（1）由函數的定義域，判斷圖象左右的位置，由函數的值域，判斷圖象的上下位置；②由函數的單調性，判斷圖象的變化趨勢；③由函數的奇偶性，判斷圖象的對稱性；④由函數的周期性，判斷圖象的循環往復．

4．B 【解析】分析：根據向量模的性質以及向量乘法得結果.詳解：因為所以選B.點睛：向量加減乘：

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5．D 【解析】分析：分別求出事件“2名男同學和3名女同學中任選2人參加社區服務”的總可能及事件“選中的2人都是女同學”的總可能，代入概率公式可求得概率.詳解：設2名男同學為，3名女同學為，共10種從以上5名同學中任選2人總共有可能，選中的2人都是女同學的情況共有

共三種可能

則選中的2人都是女同學的概率為故選D.，點睛：應用古典概型求某事件的步驟：第一步，判斷本試驗的結果是否為等可能事件，設出事件；第二步，分別求出基本事件的總數與所求事件中所包含的基本事件個數；第三步，利用公式求出事件的概率.6．A 【解析】分析：根據離心率得a,c關系，進而得a,b關系，再根據雙曲線方程求漸近線方程，得結果.詳解：

因為漸近線方程為，所以漸近線方程為，選A.點睛：已知雙曲線方程求漸近線方程：.7．A 【解析】分析：先根據二倍角余弦公式求cosC,再根據余弦定理求AB.詳解：因為

所以，選A.點睛：解三角形問題，多為邊和角的求值問題，這就需要根據正、余弦定理結合已知條件靈活轉化邊和角之間的關系，從而達到解決問題的目的.8．B

答案第2頁，總13頁 本卷由系統自動生成，請仔細校對后使用，答案僅供參考。

【解析】分析：根據程序框圖可知先對奇數項累加，偶數項累加，最后再相減.因此累加量為隔項.詳解：由因此在空白框中應填入

得程序框圖先對奇數項累加，偶數項累加，最后再相減.，選B.點睛：算法與流程圖的考查，側重于對流程圖循環結構的考查.先明晰算法及流程圖的相關概念，包括選擇結構、循環結構、偽代碼，其次要重視循環起點條件、循環次數、循環終止條件，更要通過循環規律，明確流程圖研究的數學問題，是求和還是求項.9．C 【解析】分析：利用正方體成角的正切值，在詳解：在正方體所以異面直線與所成角為中進行計算即可.中，，中，將問題轉化為求共面直線

與

所設正方體邊長為，則由為棱所以 的中點，可得，則故選C..點睛：求異面直線所成角主要有以下兩種方法：

（1）幾何法：①平移兩直線中的一條或兩條，到一個平面中；②利用邊角關系，找到（或構造）所求角所在的三角形；③求出三邊或三邊比例關系，用余弦定理求角.（2）向量法：①求兩直線的方向向量；②求兩向量夾角的余弦；③因為直線夾角為銳角，所以②對應的余弦取絕對值即為直線所成角的余弦值.10．A

答案第3頁，總13頁 本卷由系統自動生成，請仔細校對后使用，答案僅供參考。

【解析】分析：先確定三角函數單調減區間，再根據集合包含關系確定的最大值

詳解：因為，所以由得

因此點睛：函數，從而的最大值為，選A.的性質：

(1).(2)周期(3)由 求對稱軸，(4)由

求增區間;

由11．D 【解析】分析：設離心率.詳解：在設中，則

求減區間.，則根據平面幾何知識可求，再結合橢圓定義可求

，又由橢圓定義可知則離心率故選D.，點睛：橢圓定義的應用主要有兩個方面：一是判斷平面內動點與兩定點的軌跡是否為橢圓，二是利用定義求焦點三角形的周長、面積、橢圓的弦長及最值和離心率問題等；“焦點三角形”是橢圓問題中的常考知識點，在解決這類問題時經常會用到正弦定理，余弦定理以及橢圓的定義.12．C

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【解析】分析：先根據奇函數性質以及對稱性確定函數周期，再根據周期以及對應函數值求結果.詳解：因為所以因此因為，所以，從而，選C.是定義域為的奇函數，且,，點睛：函數的奇偶性與周期性相結合的問題多考查求值問題，常利用奇偶性及周期性進行變換，將所求函數值的自變量轉化到已知解析式的函數定義域內求解． 13．y=2x–2

【解析】分析：求導，可得斜率，進而得出切線的點斜式方程.詳解：由則曲線在點，得，.處的切線的斜率為，即則所求切線方程為點睛：求曲線在某點處的切線方程的步驟：①求出函數在該點處的導數值即為切線斜率；②寫出切線的點斜式方程；③化簡整理.14．9

【解析】分析：作出可行域，根據目標函數的幾何意義可知當詳解：不等式組表示的可行域是以標函數的最大值必在頂點處取得，易知當

時，.為頂點的三角形區域，如下圖所示，目

時，.點睛：線性規劃問題是高考中常考考點，主要以選擇及填空的形式出現，基本題型為給出約

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束條件求目標函數的最值，主要結合方式有：截距型、斜率型、距離型等.15．

【解析】分析：利用兩角差的正切公式展開，解方程可得.詳解：，解方程得.點睛：本題主要考查學生對于兩角和差公式的掌握情況，屬于簡單題型，解決此類問題的核心是要公式記憶準確，特殊角的三角函數值運算準確.16．8π

【解析】分析：作出示意圖，根據條件分別求出圓錐的母線代入公式計算即可.詳解：如下圖所示，高，底面圓半徑的長，又，解得，所以，所以該圓錐的體積為.點睛：此題為填空題的壓軸題，實際上并不難，關鍵在于根據題意作出相應圖形，利用平面

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幾何知識求解相應線段長，代入圓錐體積公式即可.17．（1）an=2n–9，（2）Sn=n2–8n，最小值為–16．

【解析】分析：（1）根據等差數列前n項和公式，求出公差，再代入等差數列通項公式得結果，（2）根據等差數列前n項和公式得的二次函數關系式，根據二次函數對稱軸以及自變量為正整數求函數最值.詳解：（1）設{an}的公差為d，由題意得3a1+3d=–15． 由a1=–7得d=2．

所以{an}的通項公式為an=2n–9．

（2）由（1）得Sn=n2–8n=（n–4）2–16．

所以當n=4時，Sn取得最小值，最小值為–16．

點睛：數列是特殊的函數，研究數列最值問題，可利用函數性質，但要注意其定義域為正整數集這一限制條件.18．（1）利用模型①預測值為226.1，利用模型②預測值為256.5，（2）利用模型②得到的預測值更可靠． 【解析】分析：（1）兩個回歸直線方程中無參數，所以分別求自變量為2018時所對應的函數值，就得結果，（2）根據折線圖知2000到2009，與2010到2016是兩個有明顯區別的直線，且2010到2016的增幅明顯高于2000到2009，也高于模型1的增幅，因此所以用模型2更能較好得到2018的預測.詳解：（1）利用模型①，該地區2018年的環境基礎設施投資額的預測值為 =–30.4+13.5×19=226.1（億元）．

利用模型②，該地區2018年的環境基礎設施投資額的預測值為 =99+17.5×9=256.5（億元）．

（2）利用模型②得到的預測值更可靠． 理由如下：（i）從折線圖可以看出，2000年至2016年的數據對應的點沒有隨機散布在直線y=–30.4+13.5t上下，這說明利用2000年至2016年的數據建立的線性模型①不能很好地描述環境基礎設施投資額的變化趨勢．2010年相對2009年的環境基礎設施投資額有明顯增加，2010年至2016年的數據對應的點位于一條直線的附近，這說明從2010年開始環境基礎設施投資額的變化規律呈線性增長趨勢，利用2010年至2016年的數據建立的線性模型=99+17.5t可以較好地描述2010年以后的環境基礎設施投資額的變化趨勢，因此利用模型②得到的預測值更可靠．（ii）從計算結果看，相對于2016年的環境基礎設施投資額220億元，由模型①得到的預測值226.1億元的增幅明顯偏低，而利用模型②得到的預測值的增幅比較合理，說明利用模型②得到的預測值更可靠．

以上給出了2種理由，考生答出其中任意一種或其他合理理由均可得分．

點睛：若已知回歸直線方程，則可以直接將數值代入求得特定要求下的預測值；若回歸直線方程有待定參數，則根據回歸直線方程恒過點

求參數.答案第7頁，總13頁 本卷由系統自動生成，請仔細校對后使用，答案僅供參考。

19．解：

（1）因為AP=CP=AC=4，O為AC的中點，所以OP⊥AC，且OP=

．

連結OB．因為AB=BC=由，所以△ABC為等腰直角三角形，且OB⊥AC，OB==2．

知，OP⊥OB．

由OP⊥OB，OP⊥AC知PO⊥平面ABC．

（2）作CH⊥OM，垂足為H．又由（1）可得OP⊥CH，所以CH⊥平面POM． 故CH的長為點C到平面POM的距離．

由題設可知OC==2，CM==，∠ACB=45°．

所以OM=，CH==．

所以點C到平面POM的距離為【解析】分析：（1）連接點作

．

平面，只需證明

即可；（2）過，欲證，垂足為，只需論證的長即為所求，再利用平面幾何知識求解即可.． 詳解：（1）因為AP=CP=AC=4，O為AC的中點，所以OP⊥AC，且OP=連結OB．因為AB=BC=由，所以△ABC為等腰直角三角形，且OB⊥AC，OB==2．

知，OP⊥OB．

由OP⊥OB，OP⊥AC知PO⊥平面ABC．

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（2）作CH⊥OM，垂足為H．又由（1）可得OP⊥CH，所以CH⊥平面POM． 故CH的長為點C到平面POM的距離．

由題設可知OC==2，CM==，∠ACB=45°．

所以OM=，CH==．

所以點C到平面POM的距離為．

點睛：立體幾何解答題在高考中難度低于解析幾何，屬于易得分題，第一問多以線面的證明為主，解題的核心是能將問題轉化為線線關系的證明；本題第二問可以通過作出點到平面的距離線段求解，也可利用等體積法解決.20．(1)y=x–1,(2)

或

．，再聯立直線方程與拋物線方程，利【解析】分析：(1)根據拋物線定義得用韋達定理代入求出斜率，即得直線的方程；（2）先求AB中垂線方程，即得圓心坐標關系，再根據圓心到準線距離等于半徑得等量關系，解方程組可得圓心坐標以及半徑，最后寫出圓的標準方程.詳解：（1）由題意得F（1，0），l的方程為y=k（x–1）（k>0）． 設A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）．

由得．

，故．

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所以．

由題設知，解得k=–1（舍去），k=1．

因此l的方程為y=x–1．

（2）由（1）得AB的中點坐標為（3，2），所以AB的垂直平分線方程為，即

．

設所求圓的圓心坐標為（x0，y0），則

解得因此所求圓的方程為

或

或

．

點睛：確定圓的方程方法

(1)直接法：根據圓的幾何性質，直接求出圓心坐標和半徑，進而寫出方程．(2)待定系數法 ①若已知條件與圓心組，從而求出

和半徑有關，則設圓的標準方程依據已知條件列出關于的方程的值；

②若已知條件沒有明確給出圓心或半徑，則選擇圓的一般方程，依據已知條件列出關于D、E、F的方程組，進而求出D、E、F的值． 21．解：

（1）當a=3時，f（x）=令f ′（x）=0解得x=當x∈（–∞，當x∈（，）∪（或x=，f ′（x）=．

．，+∞）時，f ′（x）>0；）時，f ′（x）<0．），（，+∞）單調遞增，在（，）單調遞減． 故f（x）在（–∞，（2）由于，所以等價于．

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設=，則g ′（x）=≥0，僅當x=0時g ′（x）=0，所以g（x）在（–∞，+∞）單調遞增．故g（x）至多有一個零點，從而f（x）至多有一個零點．

又f（3a–1）=綜上，f（x）只有一個零點． 【解析】分析：（1）將，f（3a+1）=，故f（x）有一個零點．

代入，求導得，令求得增區間，令求得減區間；（2）令，即，則將問題轉化為函數只有一個零點問題，研究函數單調性可得.詳解：（1）當a=3時，f（x）=令f ′（x）=0解得x=當x∈（–∞，當x∈（，）∪（或x=

．，f ′（x）=．，+∞）時，f ′（x）>0；）時，f ′（x）<0．），（，+∞）單調遞增，在（，）單調遞減． 故f（x）在（–∞，（2）由于，所以等價于．

設=，則g ′（x）=≥0，僅當x=0時g ′（x）=0，所以g（x）在（–∞，+∞）單調遞增．故g（x）至多有一個零點，從而f（x）至多有一個零點．

又f（3a–1）=綜上，f（x）只有一個零點．，f（3a+1）=，故f（x）有一個零點．

點睛：（1）用導數求函數單調區間的步驟如下：①確定函數由當（或時，）解出相應的的取值范圍，當在相應區間上是減增函數.的定義域；②求導數；③

時，在相應區間上是增函數；

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（2）本題第二問重在考查零點存在性問題，解題的關鍵在于將問題轉化為求證函數一零點，可先證明其單調，再結合零點存在性定理進行論證.22．（1）當方程為時，的直角坐標方程為，當

有唯

時，的直角坐標．（2）【解析】分析：(1)根據同角三角函數關系將曲線的參數方程化為直角坐標方程，根據代入消元法將直線的參數方程化為直角坐標方程，此時要注意分將直線參數方程代入曲線的直角坐標方程，根據參數幾何意義得，即得的斜率．

與

兩種情況.(2)之間關系，求得詳解：（1）曲線的直角坐標方程為當當時，的直角坐標方程為時，的直角坐標方程為

．

．，（2）將的參數方程代入的直角坐標方程，整理得關于的方程

．①

因為曲線截直線所得線段的中點

在內，所以①有兩個解，設為，則

．

又由①得，故，于是直線的斜率．

點睛：直線的參數方程的標準形式的應用

過點M0(x0，y0)，傾斜角為α的直線l的參數方程是.(t是參數，t可正、可負、可為0)

若M1，M2是l上的兩點，其對應參數分別為t1，t2，則

(1)M1，M2兩點的坐標分別是(x0＋t1cos α，y0＋t1sin α)，(x0＋t2cos α，y0＋t2sin α).(2)|M1M2|＝|t1－t2|.(3)若線段M1M2的中點M所對應的參數為t，則t＝，中點M到定點M0的距離|MM0|＝|t|＝.答案第12頁，總13頁 本卷由系統自動生成，請仔細校對后使用，答案僅供參考。

(4)若M0為線段M1M2的中點，則t1＋t2＝0.23．（1）,(2)

【解析】分析：（1）先根據絕對值幾何意義將不等式化為三個不等式組，分別求解，最后求并集，（2）先化簡不等式為小值，最后解不等式詳解：（1）當時，再根據絕對值三角不等式得

得的取值范圍．

最

可得（2）而由可得或的解集為等價于，且當

．

．

時等號成立．故

等價于

．

．，所以的取值范圍是點睛：含絕對值不等式的解法有兩個基本方法，一是運用零點分區間討論，二是利用絕對值的幾何意義求解．法一是運用分類討論思想，法二是運用數形結合思想，將絕對值不等式與函數以及不等式恒成立交匯、滲透，解題時強化函數、數形結合與轉化化歸思想方法的靈活應用，這是命題的新動向．

答案第13頁，總13頁

第五篇：2013年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試(新課標II)歷史部分

2013年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試(新課標II卷)文科綜合能力測試（歷史試題）

24.司馬遷著《史記》時，文獻關于黃帝的記述內容不一甚至荒誕，有人據以否寧黃帝的真實性。司馬遷游歷各地，常常遇到人們傳頌黃帝的事跡。有鑒于此，他從文獻中“擇其言尤雅者”編成黃帝的事跡列于本紀之首。這一撰述過程表明 A.《史記》關于黃帝的記錄準確可信 B.傳說一定程度上可以反映歷史真實 C.歷史文獻記錄應當與口頭傳說相印證 D.最完整的歷史文本記錄的歷史最真實

25.漢唐制定土地法規.限制私有大土地的發展，宋代一改此法，“不抑兼并”。據此可知宋代 A.中央集權弱化 B.流民問題嚴重 C.土地兼并緩和 D.自耕小農衰退

26.明朝有人描述在廣東大灰嶺所見:“蓋北貨過南者，悉皆金小輕細之物：南貨過北者，悉皆鹽鐵粗重之類。過南者月無百馱，過北者日有數千。.這表明當時 A.嶺南經濟發展程度高于北方 B.嶺南是商人活動的主要地區 C.以物易物是商貿的主要方式 D.區域差異造成長途貿易興盛

27.清代有學者說：“古有儒、釋、道三教，自明以來，又多一教，曰小說??士大夫農、工、商賈，無不習聞之，以至兒童、婦女不識字者，亦皆聞而如見之，是其教較之儒、釋、道而更廣也。”這表明

A.小說成為一種新的宗教傳播載體

B.小說的興起沖擊了封建等級觀念 C.市民階層擴大推動世俗文化發展

D.世俗文化整合了社會的價值觀念 28.“藍臉的竇爾敦盜御馬，紅臉的關公戰長沙，黃臉的典韋白臉的曹操，黑臉的張飛叫喳喳。”京劇藝術中人物的臉譜

A.真實再現了客觀歷史

B.固化了大眾的歷史認知 C.正確評斷了歷史人物。

D.提升了歷史人物的價值

29.1877年，清政府采納駐英公使郭嵩燾的建議，在新加坡設立領事館。此后，又在美國舊金山、日本橫濱、神戶、大阪及南洋華僑聚居的商埠設立了領事館，這反映了清政府 A.力圖擺脫不平等條約的約束

B.外交上開始出現制度性變化 C.逐步向近代外交轉變

D.國際地位得到提高 30.抗日戰爭期間，湖北省政府曾發布《湖北省減租實施辦法》，在農村推行“減租”為內容的土地改革并取得一定成效，但未得到國民黨中央的肯定。這表明當時國民黨中央 A.放棄了對農村原有土地制度的保護

B.阻止地方政府進行土地政策的調整 C.無力趁制地方政府的行為

D.無意改變農村的生產關系

31.新中國成立之初，全國各高校遵照中央政府要求開設公共必修課，思格斯所著《勞動在從猿到人轉變過程中的作用》成為指定教科書，文化部還舉辦了以“從猿到人”等為宣傳主題的大型科學知識展覽會。其主要目的是 A.構建與國家政權相話應的意識形態 B.確定馬克思主義在全黨的指導地位 C.用科學文化知識破除封建迷信思想 D.探索引導宣傳輿論工作的全新形式

32.公元前340年，雅典一下層女子因褻瀆神靈被控犯罪，按法律當處死。辯護人用動情的言辭質問：“難道你們忍心讓這位阿芙羅狄特（古希臘美麗女神）的弟子香消玉殞嗎？”浙大定了陪審團，經投票，陪審法庭判其無罪，這反映出在古代雅典

A.民主原則貫穿司法過程

B.婦女享有廣泛政治權利 C.法律注重保護平民權益

D.司法審判缺乏嚴格程序

33.華盛頓在1787年3月至麥迪遜的信中說：“凡是有判斷能力的人，都不會否認對現行制 度進行徹底變革是必需的。我迫切希望這一問題能在全體會議上加以討論。”這里所說的“徹 底變革”是指 A.革除聯邦體制的弊端 C.廢除君主立憲制

B.建立三權分立的共和體制 D.改變松散的邦聯體制

34.19世界晚期德國的現代化進程中，經濟突飛猛進與政治民主發展滯后形成巨大反差。出 現這種現象的原因在于 A.皇權與貴州結盟掌握政權

B.國家分裂阻礙政治民主化 D.對外戰爭影響國內民主進程 C.經濟發展消解政治改革訴求

35.1931年，斯大林說：“我們比先進國家落后了50—100年。我們應當在10年內跑完這段 距離。”這一思想

A.完全符合當時的蘇聯國情 C.與戰時共產主義政策一致

B.推動了蘇聯經濟模式的形成 D.延續了新經濟政策的精神 40.（25分）閱讀材料，完成下列要求。材料一

第一次世界大戰前，有不少學者對愛因斯坦的學說持懷找態度.1919年，英國科學家愛丁傾時日全食的觀側結果證實了愛因斯坦的理論，引起巨大震動.世界各國的愛因斯坦熱接踵而至。荷蘭、捷克斯洛伐克、奧地利。美國、英國、法國、日本等國先后邀請他前往講學。在中國，梁啟超發起成立的講學社甘擬遨請愛因斯坦來華講學.北京大學校長蔡元培亦發出遨請.并得到其本人應允.雖然愛因斯坦因故未能成行，但相對論卻在中國廣泛傳播，從1917年到1923年，各種報刊登載相對論的論著、譯文、通訊、報告和文獻不下百篇，出版譯著15種左右。

——摘編自阿爾布雷希特·福爾辛《愛因斯坦傳》等

材料二 愛因斯坦熱在中囚方興未艾之際，正是國內東方丈化與西方丈化問越論戰正酣之時。以梁啟超為代表的部分知識分子認為，東方文明與西方文明史兩種不同類型的文明，前者以道德丈明為核心.后者以科學精神為核心，梁啟超前往歐洲考察一年多，1920年田國后寫道:“一百年物質的進步.比從前三千年所得還加幾倍.我們人類不推沒有得著幸福，倒反帶來許多災難，好像沙漠中失路的旅人，遠遠望見個大黑影，拼命往前趕，以為可以靠他向導，那知趕上幾程，影子卻不見了，因此無線凄惶失望，影子是誰？就是這位‘科學先生’。歐洲人做了一場科學萬能的大夢，到如今卻叫起科學破產來……

我們可愛的青年啊，立正！開步走！~大海對岸那邊有好幾萬萬人，愁著物質文明破產，哀哀欲絕的喊救命，等著你來超拔他哩！我們自天的祖宗、三大圣（孔子、老子、墨子）和愈多前輩，眼巴巴盼望你完成他的事業，正在他的精神來加保佑你哩。“

——摘編自李喜所。元青《梁啟超傳》等

（1）根據材料一并結合所學知識，說明愛因斯坦熱興起的原因。（8分）

第二次工業革命中科學帶動技術和生產的發展，引起人們對科學的重視；相對論的提出時科學領域的重大革命；觀測結果論證了愛因斯坦理論的正確性；大戰結束有利于理論的傳播（2）根據材料一、二并結合所學知識，指出當時中國知識界對西方科學的態度，并予以評析。（17分）

態度：普遍歡迎，引進宣傳

評價：西學東漸和新文化運動的結果；提升中國的科學水平以及民眾的科學素養；有助于弘揚科學精神 態度：質疑“以科學為中心的西方文明”

評價：西方近代文明暴露出弊端，一戰教訓；有一定合理性，有助于反思科學與人類文明的關系；高估了傳統文化的價值，將西方文明、物質文明與科學等同起來，不利于新文化運動，助長保守思潮

41.（12分）閱讀材料，完成下列要求。材料

提取材料中的信息，結合所學知識，從建筑與政治關系的角度進行中英比較。

太和殿，高大雄偉，象征皇權至上；白金漢宮，工整威嚴，顯示君主立憲制之下國王享有尊貴地位；唐寧街10號平實樸素，卻是英國行政中樞地區，體現民主政治風格

歷史上的一些建筑可視為物化的政治制度、直觀的權利結構和有形的政治文化

45.（15分）歷史上重大改革回眸 材料

唐前期，繼續推行北魏以來的“均田制”。在此基礎上，進行租庸調制，“有田則有租（田租），有家則有調（納絹布等），有身則有庸（每丁每年服力役二旬，若不服役則納布帛等代替）”。庸和調在整個國家財政中占據重要地位。唐中期以后，隨著人口增加，土地兼并加劇，均田 制急劇崩壞，租庸調制難以維持。“有幼未成丁，而承襲世資，家累千金者，乃薄賦之；又 有年齒已壯，而身居窮約，家無置錐者，乃厚賦之，豈不背謬！” 百姓舉家逃亡，規避賦稅，被稱為“客戶”。

公元780年，唐期推行兩稅法:以國寒時政開支所需為總額，所謂量出以制入”。所有民戶在 現居地登記，根據時產情況定戶等，按戶等高低交納賦稅 “戶無主客，以見居為薄；人無 丁中，以貧畜為差”。分夏秋兩季征收，“不居處而行商者，在所郡縣稅三十之一”結果“斌 不加欲而增入.版籍不造而得其虛實，貪吏不誠而奸無所取。自是輕重之權，始歸于朝廷。” 每戶負擔并未增加，對戶口的掌握也更為準確，“天下便之”

一摘編自白壽棄總主編《中國通史》等(1)報據材料，概括指出兩稅法改革的背景。(6分)土地兼并嚴重；貧富差距過大；百姓生活困苦；國家財政困難；戶口不實

(2)材料并結合所學知識，說明兩稅法與唐前期的賦役制度相比有哪些積極作用。（9分）增加政府財政收入；促進商品經濟發展；簡化稅制，擴大納稅面；從以人丁為標準到以財產為主，賦稅負擔相對公平

46.(15分)近代杜會的民主思想與實踐

材料

縣設六十議靈，足謂縣議員;府設六十議員，是謂府議負;省設六十議員，是謂省縣議員于秀 才中選擇其人，公舉者平民主之?~府議員于舉人中選擇其人，公舉者秀才主之......省議員于 進士中選擇其人，公舉者舉人……公舉法：凡男子二十歲以上，除喑啞盲幸以及殘疾者外，其人能讀書明理者.則于以公舉之權??興革之事，官有所欲為，則謀之于議丈，議負有所 欲為，亦謀之于官，甘以敘議之法為之，官與議意合，則詳于君;君意合，則書名頒行；意 不合，則令其再議.若事有不能衷于一是者別視議員中可之者否之者之人數多寡，而以人多 者為是，所謂從眾也，推之，凡軍國大政，其權雖出于君上，而度支轉餉其議詢諸庶民，是 真為政者矣。

——何啟、胡禮垣：《新政論議》(1895年)(I)概括指出材料中民主設計方案的主要原則。(10分)議員選舉與科舉功名聯系；選舉權和被選舉權都有相應限制；軍國大權仍歸君主；仿效憲政，議事原則上有下至上，少數服從多數

(2)根據材料并結合所學知識，簡析該方案在中國近代民主進段中的意義。(5分)對制度進行設計；為之后的政治改革提供思想理論基礎

47.（15分）20世紀的戰爭與和平

材料

第二次世界大戰結束后，反法西斯盟國組成軍事法庭，在德國紐倫堡和日本東京分別 對戰犯進行了審批，該審批原則于1946年12月11日經聯合國大會通過，1950年，聯合國 國際法委員會據批制定《紐倫堡原則》，其內容有：

從事構成違反國際法的犯罪行為的人承擔個人責任，并因而應受懲罰。

違反國際法應受處罰的罪行是：

（一）反和平罪：計劃、準備、發起或進行侵略戰爭獲破壞 國際條約、協定或承諾的戰爭；

（二）戰爭犯罪：違反戰爭法規定或習慣，出于某種目的或 在占領區內，實施包括但不限于謀殺、虐待或奴役平民居民，謀殺、虐待戰俘；

（三）反人 道罪：對任何平民居民進行謀殺、生物實驗、放逐和其他非法人道行為，或基于政治、種群、宗教背景的迫害，而此類行為已實施或此類迫害已執行或此類行為與任何反和平罪或任何戰 爭犯罪相關聯。

________摘編自何勤華《紐倫堡審批》（1）根據材料并結合所學知識，指出第一次世界大戰后和第二次世界大戰后懲處的戰爭責任對象有何不同。（5分）

（2）根據材料并結合所學知識，概括說明《紐倫堡原則》的意義。（10分）

48.（15分）中外歷史人物評說

材料一

中國古代有功臣配享制度，即一個皇帝逝去后，要在已故臣僚中選取功勛卓著的大臣陪 祀饗宴挺，功臣配享皇帝，是朝廷對該大臣的最高評價，北宋神宗時，王安石“變風俗，立 法度”，主導了政治、經濟、文化等方面的改革。哲宗紹圣初年，詔“王安石配享神宗皇帝 挺”。南宋建炎處，有人提出“自紹圣以來，學術政事敗壞殘酷，致禍好社稷，起源實出安 石”。于是，“擺安石陪饗神宗廟挺”。

________摘編自白壽彝主編《中國通史》

材料二

《宋史》記熙豐(宋神宗年號熙寧、元豐)事實者，成于南渡以后史官之手，而元人因 而襲之，皆反對黨之言，不可征信.今于其污蔑荊公(王安石)處，皆意義詳辯之......荊公 不僅為中國大政治家，亦為中國大文學家。一摘自梁啟超《王荊公》(1908年)(1)根據材料一，分別指出兩宋對王安石的評價及其主要理由。(6分)北宋肯定王安石變法，對朝廷有功；南宋否定王安石，認為王安石變法是北宋走向滅亡的原因所在

(2)根據材料二并結合所學知識，指出梁啟超重新評價王安石的目的及采用的方法。(9分)目的：弘揚歷史上的改革精神；為維新變法造勢

方法：重視歷史記錄著的態度；考證歷史材料的真偽