第一篇：非謂語動詞專項講解(一)

一、非謂語動詞概說

顧名思義，非謂語動詞就是不能作謂語的一種動詞形式。非謂語動詞有三種：動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。分詞又分為現在分詞和過去分詞。

二、動詞不定式

1.不定式的構成與特征

動詞不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式，一般由“to ＋ 動詞原形”構成。它在句中起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用，同時也保留著動詞的一些特征，可以帶賓語或狀語。例如：

At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles.在2004年雅典奧運會上，劉翔在110米跨欄比賽中成為第一個獲得金牌的亞洲人，使全亞洲人興奮不已。（不定式起形容詞作用，同時帶有賓語和狀語）

2.不定式的功能與用法

1）作主語

It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.很難想像出一個比這更不適合居住的地方。

（it作形式主語，to imagine a more inhospitable place為真正的主語）

2）作表語

The aim of the treaty is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.這個公約的目的是防止商業和軍事上使用這個洲。

3）作賓語

He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe.他很高興遇到兩個外國人，于是想全面了解歐洲。

注意：兩個不定式并列時，第二個不定式to省略。例如： People like to meet in the evening and watch the moon.人們喜歡在夜晚聚在一起賞月。（watch the moon 與to meet in the evening為兩個并列的不定式，故watch前省略了to。這兩個不定式均作like的賓語。）

能夠接不定式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：afford, agree, aim, ask, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, try, wait, want, wish等。

【透視高考題】

真題：

I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded(2005 天津)簡析：考查不定式作賓語。want后接不定式，而且sound是連系動詞，不用被動語態。所以A是正確答案。sound like聽起來像是。

4）作賓語補足語

We saw her enter a restaurant.我們看見她走進一家餐館。

I want you to come to my birthday party.我要你來參加我的生日聚會。

注意：某些動詞（大都是感官動詞）接動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，通常不帶to。下面的口訣可以幫助大家記住這些動詞：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二聽（hear, listen to）一感覺（feel）。”

能夠接帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有很多，常見的有： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn等。

5）作定語

Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know?你想結交更多的朋友卻感到與陌生人交流信心不足嗎？

注意：某些不及物動詞作定語時需要加上一個介詞，即構成“不定式＋介詞”結構，這個介詞不可省略。例如：Give me a pen to write with.給我一支筆寫字。另外，還有一種“介詞 ＋ which ＋ 不定式”的結構也可以作定語。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new appartment.這對年輕夫婦需要一大筆錢來買房子。

【透視高考題】

真題：

This company was the first ___ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A.producingB.to produceC.having producedD.produced

(2005 上海春)

簡析：考查不定式作定語。在first, last等詞后，要用不定式作定語。故B正確。

6）作狀語

I am very happy to meet you.我很高興見到您。

注意：

①有的語法學家將形容詞后的不定式歸到賓語。這類形容詞有： afraid, anxious, careful, content, determined, foolish, prepared, ready, slow, willing等。

②在強調目的狀語時，不定式前可加上in order或so as，即通常我們所說的“in order to/so as to”詞組。有時為了突出強調目的，還可將這個詞組置于句首，但so as to不用于句首。

③在so...as to, enough to, only to, too...to等結構中，不定式表示結果。例如：

Will you be so kind as to open the window?

勞駕您打開窗戶好嗎？

He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off.他到達機場（結果）卻發現飛機已經起飛了。

【透視高考題】

真題：

__ the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A.ImprovingB.To improveC.Having improved D.Improved

(2006 上海春)

簡析：考查不定式作目的狀語。分詞一般不能作目的狀語，故選B。

3.不定式的否定結構

不定式的否定結構由“not ＋ 不定式”構成，簡言之，to前加not。例如：

She finally decided not to marry him.她最終決定不嫁給他。

4.“疑問詞＋不定式”結構

疑問詞who, what, which, when, where和how后加上不定式可構成一種特殊的結構，它的作用相當于一個名詞性從句。同樣一句話，英語里可用從句和不定式結構來表達，意思沒有區別。試比較：

我不知道該怎么辦。

I don’t know what I should do.(賓語從句，較正式)

I have no idea(of)what I should do.(同位語從句，較正式)

I don’t know what to do.(疑問詞＋不定式結構作賓語，簡潔，較口語化)

I have no idea(of)what to do.(疑問詞＋不定式結構作同位語，簡潔，較口語化)

注意：在 Why(not)do sth.? 這個句式里，不定式不帶to，例如：Why not try again? 為

什么不再試試？

5.不定式的復合結構

有時候不定式前有自己的邏輯主語，用for來引出，結構為： for ＋ 名詞（代詞賓格）＋ 不定式。例如：

It is necessary for us to master at least one foreign language.我們至少掌握一門外語是很有必要的。

注意：有些形容詞后接這種結構時，不用介詞for，而用of。例如： It’s very kind of you to do so.你這樣做真是太客氣了。這類形容詞還有：silly, bad, nice, honest, stupid, clever, wise, wrong等。

6.不定式的時態與語態形式

所謂不定式的時態和語態形式是指不定式有完成式、進行式和被動式。例如：

I am very happy to have met your mother.見到了你的母親我非常高興。

Her English seems to be improving.她的英語似乎在長進。

【透視高考題】

真題：

The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causingB.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused

(2004 上海)

簡析：考查不定式的被動式。這是個被動語態句型：sb./ sth.is believed to do / be done / doing / have done / have been done，根據句意，應該用被動式，故選C。

三、動名詞

1.動名詞的構成與特征

動名詞是由“動詞原形 ＋ ing”構成，與現在分詞的構成完全相同。顧名思義，動名詞既具有動詞的特征，又具有名詞的特征。所謂的動詞特征是說動名詞可以有自己的賓語和狀語，名詞特征是指動名詞可以像名詞一樣充當主語、表語、賓語和定語。例如：

Would you mind my closing the window? 你介意我關上窗戶嗎？

2.動名詞的功能與用法

1）作主語

Seeing is believing.眼見為實。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.潑出去的水收不回。

注意：在It is no use...;It is no good...;It is great fun...等這些句子結構中，其后習慣接動名詞。

2）作表語

His job is fixing computers.他的工作是修電腦。

3）作動詞賓語

Have you finished writing the article? 你寫完那篇文章了嗎？

She suggested going there by air, as plane tickets are very cheap.由于機票很便宜，她建議乘飛機去那里。

有些動詞后只能接動名詞作賓語，這類動詞常見的有：admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest等；短語動詞有give up, insist on等。為了幫助大家記憶，現將最常用的10個動詞的首字母縮略在一起：MEPSKARFI（梅不是咖啡）（M-mind, E-enjoy, P-practise, S-stop, suggest, K-keep, A-avoid, R-risk, F-finish, I-insist on）。

【透視高考題】

真題1：

The parents suggested ________ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A.sleepB.to sleepC.sleeping D.having slept(2006 上海春)簡析：考查動名詞作賓語。suggest后有三種情況：

1）意為“建議”，后接動名詞作賓語，如此句，所以C為正確答案；

2）后接that從句時，從句的謂語要用“（should）+動詞原形”；

3）表示“暗示”含義，后接that從句時，從句的謂語要用陳述語氣。

真題2：

When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______ at the party, but not _______.A.to arrive;leavingB.to arrive;to leave

C.arriving;leavingD.arriving;to leave(2005 北京)簡析：考查動名詞作賓語。remember后接動名詞作賓語表示“記得已經做過的事”。remember to do sth.表示“記住去做某事”，即表示沒有做的事。根據句意，前后都應填動名詞，指已經發生過的事情，故C正確。

4）作介詞賓語

I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me.我給他和他的妻子寫了一封感謝信，因為他們幫助了我。

【透視高考題】

真題：

Accustomed to ________ the steep moun?鄄tains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.A.climbingB.climbC.having climbedD.have climbed(2005 上海春)簡析：考查動名詞作介詞賓語。be accustomed to是個詞組，表示“習慣于（某事）”，to是介詞，后接動名詞作賓語。故A正確。

5）作定語

The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill’s term for the dividing line between eastern and western Europe.鐵幕是政治家溫斯頓·丘吉爾使用的術語，指東歐與西歐的分界線。

3.動名詞的否定結構

動名詞的否定結構是由“not ＋ 動名詞”構成。例如：

I am sorry for not handing in my homework on time.我很抱歉沒有按時交作業。

4.動名詞的時態與語態形式

所謂動名詞的時態形式是指動名詞有一般式和完成式兩種，語態形式是說動名詞有被動式。

5.動名詞的復合結構

動名詞有時帶有自己的邏輯主語，這樣就形成了動名詞的復合結構。其構成形式為：“名詞所有格（或物主代詞）＋動名詞”。例如：

Mary’s coming late made the teacher very angry.瑪麗的遲到讓老師很生氣。

【透視高考題】

真題：

I really can’t understand ________ her like that.A.you treatB.you to treatC.why treat D.you treating(2005 安徽)簡析：考查動名詞復合結構。understand后接動名詞或動名詞的復合結構作賓語。動名

詞的復合結構作賓語時，其動名詞的邏輯主語可以用物主代詞，也可以用人稱代詞賓格。此句中可用your treating 或you treating，故選D。

6.動名詞與不定式的比較

動名詞與不定式有許多相同或相似的用法，容易混淆，現將二者的異同點作一比較。

1）相同之處。下列句子的表達既可用動名詞，也可用不定式，意義上無區別。眼見為實。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.他愛玩電腦游戲。He likes playing computer games.He likes to play computer games.我的工作是教你英語。My job is teaching you English.My job is to teach you English.2）不同之處。下列情況用動名詞與用不定式會有不同的效果和意義。

A)動名詞的邏輯主語可能泛指人們，而不定式的邏輯主語則是句子本身的主語。試比較：I hate smoking.我討厭吸煙。（相當于說：I hate people smoking.）

I hate to smoke.我不愛吸煙。（相當于說：I don’t smoke as I dislike it.）

B)動名詞表示一般的或抽象的多次性動作，而不定式則表示具體的一次性動作。試比較：I like seeing English films.我喜歡看英文電影。

Would you like to see the English film tonight? 今晚你想看英文電影嗎？

C)有些動詞后面只能接動名詞作賓語，而有些動詞就只能接不定式。這些動詞我們在前面已有歸納，這里不再贅述。

D)有不少動詞后面既可接動名詞作賓語，也可接不定式作賓語。這類動詞常見的有：attempt, begin, continue, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, neglect, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want等。有些動詞后接動名詞與不定式，意思會有所不同。試比較：

I regret telling you the truth.我后悔對你講了真相。（動名詞表示過去已發生的事情）I regret to tell you that I cannot come.我很遺憾地告訴你我不能來。（不定式表示現在）E)有些動詞后面接動名詞主動式表示被動意義，而接不定式則要用被動式。試比較： The car needs repairing.汽車需要修理。（repairing為主動式表示被動含義）

The car needs to be repaired.汽車需要修理。（to be repaired為被動式表示被動含義）

第二篇：非謂語動詞專項練習

非謂語動詞專項練習1

A.① I want one magazine ______.(read)

② He wanted me ______this question.(answer)

③ She wanted her son______ at once.(examine)

④ My bicycle wants _______.(repair)

B.① What made you ______ so ?(think)

② The girl was made _____ a man she didn't love at all.(marry)③ The show made me _______ in the study of science.(interest)

④ He raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly.(see)⑤ He raised his voice to make himself _______.(hear)

⑥ My father himselfmade some candles _______ light.(give)⑦ The boss made the workers _______ day and night.(work)

C.① You'd better get your own room _______.(clean)

② Yesterday he got his wallet _______.(steal)

③ You should get your friends _______ you.(help)

④ The lecture got us _______.(think)

⑤ Don't get ________ in the rain.(catch)

D.① Did you see somebody _______ into the room ?(steal)

② I saw him _______ in the room at that time.(read)

③ She was glad to see her child ________ good care of.(take)④ I saw her _______ at the windows , thinking.(seat)

⑤ She was seen ________ here.(come)

E.① I like _______ very much.(swim)

② I don't like _______ TV at this time.(watch)

③ He never likes _______ at the meeting.(praise)

④ I feel like _______ to the cinema.(go)

⑤ Would you like ______ with me ?(go)

非謂語動詞專項練習2

F.① The man ______ at the meeting now is from the south.(speak)

② I don't know the professor ______ at the meeting.(speak)③ He is the professor _______ to dinner.(invite)

G.① It was so cold and he had the fire _______ all night long.(burn)

② I have a lot of exercises ________ today.(do)

③ “Do you have nay clothes _______ today ? ”asked Mother.(wash)④ You'd better have that bad tooth _______ out.(pull)

⑤ I want to have him _______ a car for me.(find)

H.① He doesn't do anything but _______ all day.(play)

② We have no choice but _______.(obey)

③ I'm thinking of how _______ my English.(improve)

④ He made an apology for _____ late.(be)

I.① He told us about his trip in an _______ voice.(excite)

② He told us his story in a _______ voice.(tremble)

③ At the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______.(frighten)

④ The boy was _______ , so I didn't believe him again.(disappoint)

J.① He is looking forward to ______ college.(enter)

② He is looking forward to _____ nothing.(see)

K.① When he heard the news , he couldn't help ________ with joy.(jump)② I couldn't help ______ by the beauty of nature.(strike)

③ Sorry , I can't help ______ the housework today.(do)

L.①______ enough time , we'll do it better.(give)

②______ a candle , he went on reading.(light)

③______ from the hill , the park looks more beautiful.(see)

④______ the people well , we must work hard at our lessons.(serve)

答案：

A.1.to read2.to answer3.(to be)examined4.repairing/ to be repaired

B.1.think2.to marry3.interested4.see5.heard6.to give7.working

C.1.cleaned2.stolen3.to help4.thinking5.caught

D.1.steal2.reading3.taken4.seated5.to come

E.1.swimming2.to watch3.being praised4.going5.to go

F.1.speaking2.to speak3.invited

G.1.burning2.to do3.to be washed4.pulled5.find

H.1.1.play2.to obey3.to improve4.being

I.1.excited2.trembling3.frightened4.disappointing

J.1.1.entering2.see

K.1.1.jumping2.being struck3.(to)do

A.1.Given2.Having lit3.Seen4.To serve

非謂語動詞專項練習3

1.There ____ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.He rushed into the room only ___an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ___ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ___ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----When did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes __, but hedoesn’t like ___ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ____ thepossible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

非謂語動詞專項練習4

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to go D.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hear C.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.Entering B.Having entered C.He entered D.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, __the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typed C.typedD.to type

25.He promised to keep me ___ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ___, he felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ____ the children from abroad come to my office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.Interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to go D.risk going

非謂語動詞專項練習5

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may

produce variants(變異體)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade

Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ___ its 15-year

wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realized C.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ___ his eyes, and shouted out thewords ____ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ___ your vacation, traveling abroad orworking in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?----I will spend a week ___ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lock C.locked D.being locked

37.I regret ___ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ___.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ___ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supportedschools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to have

C.to have hadD.having had

非謂語動詞專項練習6

42.The building project ___next year is, I think, not easy ____ in time.A.being carried out;to complete

B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete

D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ___ she gave for her not coming is that her motherwouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? Ithought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be making C.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buying D.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ____ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything __ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.They discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying out

C.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of problems ___, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our businesswas going on.A.to be informedB.on informing

C.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD

11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD

21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA

31------35ACCAA36-----40CDAAA

41------45ACADA46------50BDBDA

51-----55BC

第三篇：非謂語動詞

初中英語分類練習

——非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)

謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區別：

1)謂語動詞在句中可單獨作謂語，而非謂語動詞不能單獨作謂語。

Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語。（teaches 動詞作謂語）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）

2)謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數的限制，而非謂語動詞形式沒有這種限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（動詞用單數第三人稱形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非謂語動詞的特征：如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟賓語）

To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責任。（help 后跟賓語）非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語）非謂語動詞仍有語態和時態的變化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分詞的被動形式）非謂語動詞在句中可以當成名詞或者形容詞來使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名詞作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)

非謂語動詞的形式變化：

不定式主動被動

一般to writeto be written

進行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成進行to have been writing

現 在 分 詞主動被動

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

過去分詞主動被動

一般written

動名詞主動被動

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●動 詞 不 定 式：

動詞不定式是由 to + 動詞原形構成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。

1.動詞不定式作主語：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.動詞不定式作主語時可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目擊者。

2.動詞不定式作賓語：

某些及物動詞可以用動詞不定式作賓語，這些動詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.動詞不定式作賓語補語。

We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.請叫他快過來。

4.動詞不定式作表語 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應該做的是趕快完成任務。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.當務之急是馬上去找孩子。

5.動詞不定式作定語：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有許多方法能解決這個問題。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。

6.不定式作狀語：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們去醫院看了我們的老師。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做試驗，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。

動詞不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 動詞原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.沒告訴我們真是不公平。

帶疑問詞的不定式：

疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么時間開始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎樣去車站嗎？

帶邏輯主語的不定式：

動詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構成方法是： for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。

注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for 本身無實際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。

動詞不定式的被動形式： 表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受檢查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●動 名 詞

動名詞是由動詞原形 + ing 構成，同現在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。

1)動名詞作主語：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：動名詞可以象動詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動名詞寫在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)動名詞作表語

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)動名詞作賓語

有些動詞須用動名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）動名詞作定語

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（動名詞的否定形式：not + 動名詞

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假裝全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現在不做這件事。

動名詞的被動形式 ：

（當動名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動關系時，用動名詞的被動形式來表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.動名詞的幾種特殊情況：

1)有些動詞的后面能跟動名詞做賓語，有些動詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時還不一樣。

能跟動名詞的動詞有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的動詞有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動名詞和不定式的動詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習慣的，一般性的動作多跟動名詞，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟動名詞時，動名詞表示過去的動作，后面跟不定式時，不定式表示將來的動作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 動名詞”表示停止動名詞所表示的動作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來做不定式所表示的動作。

Stop smoking, please.請不要抽煙。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來休息一下吧。

4)動名詞和分詞的區別：

動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關系，而分詞作定語時，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關系。

reading text 閱讀課文 〔動名詞〕 developing country 發展中國家 〔分詞〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動名詞〕 boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕

●分 詞

分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。workingworkedwashingwashed

分詞可分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現在分詞的形式同動名詞一樣，在動詞后面加 ing。而過去分詞的形式則在動詞后面加 ed.分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。

1.分詞作定語

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.沒什么有趣的事。

分詞和動名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動名詞，可以根據它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關系來判斷，有主謂關系的是分詞，否則判斷為動名詞。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動名詞）

2.分詞作狀語

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分詞作表語

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分詞作賓語補足語

可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的賓語補足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut.我理發了。（是別人給我理發）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房子。

分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來等著。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩沒完成作業不敢去學校。

分詞的時態 分詞的一般時表示動作同謂語動詞的動作同時發生或之前發生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老師進來，學生們停下來不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚飯后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。

分詞的被動形式 分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建設的娛樂大樓明年完工。

第四篇：非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞專項練習

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(變異

體)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第五篇：非謂語動詞典型試題講解

非謂語動詞典型試題講解

1.His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself _______.A.understood B.understand C.be understood D.to understand 答案是 A 答：常考題，make himself understood 是make others understand him的另一種說法。讓自己被理解=讓別人理解他，也就是聽懂他的話的意思。還有一個是make oneself heard.（讓別人聽得見自己的說話聲），一般都是make sth.done句式。2.They found the lecture hard _______ A.to be understood B.to understand C.being understood D.understood 答案是B 答：首先你要掌握這個句型：The lecture is hard to understand.這個講座很難懂。sth.is +adj.+及物動詞。不定式動詞與句子的主語有邏輯上的動賓關系，可改為To understand the lecture is hard.或It is hard to understand the lecture.然后再記They found(that)the lecture was hard to understand.最后記：They found the lecture hard to understand.found后跟的是復合賓語。lecture是它的賓語，hard to understand是形容詞短語作賓語補足語。兩句話的意思是一樣的。

3.She is going to town__________.A.repairing her watch B.for repairing her watch C.to have repaired her watch D.to have her watch repaired 答案是D 答：這又是一個have sth.done句式。表示“讓某事被做”。這里就是拿表去市區讓人給修一下。4.I have no objection ________ the evening with them.A.to spend B.spending C.of spending D.to spending 答案是D 答: to是不定式符號，后跟動詞原形；to有時候是介詞，后跟名詞，還跟動名詞！你要記住這少數幾個常考的，容易誤以為是不定式的介詞to的短語，這是其中一個。有一個簡單的方法，當to作介詞時，其意思不外“對。。來說”，“到。。上”如look forward to , be used to , stick to , 這里就是：對于和他們一起過夜這件事，我沒有反對意見。

5.Over 80,000 people are reported ______ in the big earthquake which happened in Sichuan Province on May 12.A.being killed B.having been C.to have been killed D.killed 答案是C 答：這是據說/據報道的固定句型：sb / sth is said to do/to be doing/have done =it is said / reported that-從句。不定式的時態取決于句子的語境。

此題which happened in Sichuan Province on May 12.說明事情已經發生了，所以用不定式的完成時的被動語態，have been done.6.My good friend Rose went to the party with her husband, _____ a happy evening of wine, food and song A.expecting B.to expect C.expected D.having expected 答案是A 答：現在分詞做伴隨狀語，表示主動。不定式做狀語表示目的，意思是為了。C選項是過去分詞做狀語表被動。Rose被期望...，顯然不對。

7.Five people won the “China’s Green Figure ” award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environment protection.A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given 答案是C 答：過去分詞做定語。表示被動和完成。是“被給予”的意思。

A選項是現在分詞的被動式，表示進行和被動。是“正被給予”的意思。顯然不對。8._____ from the plane, the clouds below are just like cotton fields.A.Seeing B.Having seen C.Seen D.Being seen 答案是C 答：過去分詞做狀語表被動，clouds云彩被看。

D選項 being seen是現在分詞的被動，表示進行和被動。也就是clouds正在被看。