第一篇:淺談中學英語教師課堂話語
淺談中學英語教師課堂話語
【摘要】教師話語在日常的教學工作中起著至關重要的作用。中學英語教師話語可大致分為兩大類,一類是同教學內容直接相關的英語教學話語;一類是同教學內容無關、但起著組織與引導教學作用的英語課堂用語。本文將對這兩類教師話語的進行簡單的分析。
【關鍵詞】 英語教學話語英語課堂組織用語
【正文】
Nunan(1991)指出,“教師話語對課堂教學的組織及學生的語言習得兩者都是至為關鍵的,這不僅因為教學內容只有通過完美的教師話語的組織與傳授才能達到理想的教學效果,而且因為它本身還起目的語(target language)使用的示范作用,是學生語言輸入的又一重要途徑。” 可見教師話語的質量的好壞往往直接影響與決定教學效果的好壞。
一、英語教學話語
(一)教師的導入用語
導入語是教師講授課程新內容的導言,是引入課程新內容的第一個重要的課堂教學環節。作為課堂教學的第一步,如果我們能在導入部分成功的將學生帶入我們要教學的語言環境中,激發學生的學習欲望與熱情,那么這節課我們就成功了一半。導入語既要有趣味性,概括性,啟發性,又要融入新知,承前啟后。
試比較下列兩個以講解Disneyland的導入語。
例1:
T: This morning I will introduce Disneyland to all of you.After learning, you must tell me what you have learned.Now, turn to Page …
例2:
T:(give students some pictures about Disneyland characters and play the song can you feel my love tonight)
Today we will have a trip to five Disneyland parks in different countries.Are you ready? We will start.相同的話題,例1 的導入古板枯燥,本應該是學生很感興趣的話題,此時讓學生提不起興趣;例2 則是通過從聽覺,視覺上對學生的刺激,又把本課設計成一次旅行,從而激發學生的學習熱情。
那么在日常的教學工作中我們面臨的教學資源并不都是學生感興趣的話題,這時導入語的設計更需要我們去花心思。
比較下面兩則教寫 Found and Lost 的導入語。
例1:
T: Today we will learn how to write Found and Lost.例2:
T:(looks worried, without the text book)I’m sorry but I can’t find my text book, can you help me to find my English book?
例1 選擇的是直接倒入,但是枯燥無味,而例2 則是情感式導入,教師配合一定的面部表情和動作,使之與教學內容相協調,充分吸引學生的注意力,調動其積極性。
(二)教師的提問用語
教師的提問是教師在教學過程中的重要組成部分,也是組織課堂教學的重要手段。一次成功的教學離不開教師的提問技巧,如何問、怎么問、什么時候問都需要教師精心設計??梢哉f英語教師課堂提問的話語形式、內容和質量影響著語言教學的各個環節。
如在學生讀完人教版九年級unit12 reading: You’re supposed to write quickly!之后教師設計的幾個問題:
1.What’s e-mail English?
2.Where does e-mail English come from?
3.What do these e-mail words mean?BRB, CU2morrow, ASAP, CU, BTW, CUL8r
4.What do you think using e-mail English in a test?Can you tell me the reasons?(Share your ideas with your classmates)
在這四個提問中,前兩個屬于展示式提問,教師事先已知道問題的答案,這兩個問題的設置旨在幫學生檢測和評價對所學知識的掌握;第三個問題屬于參閱式,是讓學生通過回憶文章內容得出答案,目的是進一步引起學生的興趣;第四個問題屬于非回顧性提問,主要是學生通過利用已知的信息進行綜合思考,從而形成自己的觀點和看法。非回顧性提問屬于高一層認知水平的提問,答案具有開放性和多樣性,能發散學生的思維。這樣又目的地去設置問題,讓問題具有層次性,能使各個層次的學生受益。
(三)教師的講解用語
中學英語教師面臨的十幾歲的中學生,他們的認知水平有限,又很強得求知欲望與模仿能力,這就決定著中學英語教師的講解用語要簡化準確,盡量避免語法、語用錯誤,讓學生充分了解中西方文化差異。
1.講解用語的簡化準確:簡化并不等于平鋪直敘,呆板。簡化準確的課堂用語能引導學生思辨、分析、推理,我們可以通過設問,類比等多種形式來實現。
2.語法語用的準確:在情景交際中,學生們經常遇到這樣的句子:You are so nice on this red coat.而這時學生所選的答案往往是 Don’t say it like that 或者是 just so so.導致這種錯誤的原因主要是學生將學過的句子運用不到合適的情景之中。
3.對中西方文化差異的了解:這里有一個發生在校園里的真實的例子:圣誕節來了,學生給外籍教師送去了一份包裝精美的禮物。外籍教師興奮地問:“Can I open it now?”學生卻不好意思地搖搖頭,“No.It’s only a cheap present.”把外籍教師弄得十分尷尬。事實上,外國人收到禮物時,習慣于當面打開,連聲叫好并表示感謝。不了解中西方文化的差異導致了出現這種尷尬局面。
(四)教師的反饋用語
這里的教師的反饋用語區別于教師評價用語,在此過程中,教師關心的是回答的內容,而非語言本身。如下面這個例子:
T: Which book do you like best?
S: I like the story book best.T: Why do you like it best?(話語性反饋)
S: Because it’s interesting stories, I can learn something from it.T: It’s exciting.Whom do you usually read the story with ?(話語性反饋)S: Myself.T: Can you tell us a story?(話語性反饋)
S: OK.在以上對話中,教師與學生就學生喜歡的書這一話題在進行交流,這期間教師一共給予三次反饋,反饋中教師沒有直接糾正學生話語中的語言錯誤(it’s interesting stories, I can learn something from it),也沒有直接表明學生的回答是對還是錯,而是采取提問的方式使得交流順利進行,最大限度地引發了學生的話語輸出。
二、組織、引導教學的英語課堂用語
(一)教師的組織課堂用語
初中英語課的時長大概是40分鐘或45分鐘,加上初中學生的認知水平有限,在這么短的時間內要有效的完成各教學目標,要求教師的組織課堂及活動的語言必須要簡潔明確。
(二)教師的提問等待期用語
教師提問后與學生反應,并回答問題往往有一小段的時間,它一般由教師控制,所以也是教師話語的一部分。在這段時間中,學生對教師的問題進行思考、理解、組織語言這樣一個過程,可以說這是一個很重要的過程。M.B.Rowe曾對課堂進行觀察后指出:總體來說,教師在指定一個學生回答之時,等待的時間不足兩秒,如果三秒后學生還不回答,教師就要干預了,或說出答案,或重復問題,或另請他人。Rowe強調當教師確實有耐心將等到的時間延長至3或5秒,將會有更多的學生更深的參與到課堂中來。在我們日常的教學中,我們應重視這幾秒對學生的影響,讓更多的學生能參與到課堂中來。
(三)教師的評價用語
教學的成功涉及多方面的因素,適時、正確、靈活地選用評價方式,會對教學成功起到不可忽視的作用?!癎ood/Very good/Great/Wonderful/Well done/Excellent/ you can do it” 這
是我們常用的鼓勵性的話語,但當學生出現了錯誤,我們應怎樣進行適時適當的評價。例如:當學though的用法時,學生造了這樣一個句子 Though it is dark, but farmers still work on the farm.例 1 教師直接指出其錯誤或者由其他學生指出。
例2 教師讓各個層次的學生分別造句,并把具有代表性的句子寫在黑板上,讓學生自己糾正改錯,教師給予積極的評價。這樣既糾正了錯誤,又保護了學生的積極性,讓學生有繼續開口的勇氣。
教學語言是經過深思熟慮, 有一定的目的, 給學生心靈震撼和啟迪的教育性語言,英語教師的語言是學生所學語言的重要來源, 是學生掌握目的語的關鍵, 是學生了解目的語的手段,所以我們應當不斷提高自身素質, 加強英語基本功的練習,成就學生,同時也精彩自己。
【參考文獻】
李維。課堂教學理論,貴州人民出版社,1998
孟春國。中學英語教師課堂提問行為研究,[J] 中小學外語教學 2004年第10期
趙常友。中外英語教師課堂反饋話語比較,曲靖師范學院學報 2008年2月第27卷第2期
第二篇:中學英語教師課堂用語300句
中學英語教師課堂用語300句
第一部分 復習熱身(Revision and warm-up)I.課前準備(Preparation for a class)1.Clean the blackboard, please.2.Try to be on time./ Don't be late next time.3.Go back to your seat, please.4.Linda, have you collected the students’ homework? 5.Here are your exercise-books.Please hand them out.6.Monitor, would you please get some chalk for me? 7.I’m sorry I’m late./ Excuse me for coming late.8.Pass me the ruler and help me with the wall charts, please.II.組織上課(Beginning a class)9.Are you ready for class?
10.Class begins./ It’s time for class.Let’s start our class/lesson./ Let's get started.11.Stand up, please!/ All rise, please!III.問候(Greeting)
12.Hello./ Good morning / afternoon, class /everyone /everybody /children/boys and girls.13.Sit down, please./Please be seated.IV.考勤(Checking attendance)14.Who's on duty today?/Who's helping today? 15.Is everyone/everybody here/present? 16.Is anyone /anybody absent? 17.Who's absent/not here/ not at school?/Who's away? 18.Where is he/she? Do you know where he/she is? V.自由對話(Free talk)19.How are you today? 20.Did you have a good weekend? 21.Did you enjoy the holiday?
22.Tell me what you did at the weekend? 23.What day is it today? 24.What's the date today? 25.What's the weather like today? /How’s the weather today? VI.課前演講(Speech)
26.Who’s going to give us a speech today? Who’d like to tell us a story today? 27.You can choose any topic you like.28.Listen to him carefully then ask and answer questions about his speech/talk.VII.復習(Revision)29.First, let's review the lesson.30.What did we learn in the last lesson?
31.Who can remember /tell me what we learned in the last lesson? 32.Before the new lesson, let’s review some words and phrases.33.Take out your exercise-book.Let’s have a dictation about the words and phrases.34.I’ll ask two students to write the answers on the blackboard.Any volunteer? 35.Who would like to come to the front and write on the blackboard? 36.So much for the dictation.Please hand in your exercise-books.第二部分 新課 New Lesson
I.導入(Lead in)
37.Now it’s time to learn the new lesson.Unit 1 Lesson 1.38.Now we're going to learn something new/ different./Now let's learn something new.39.What’s the title of this unit, please?
40.What do you think we’re going to learn from the title?
II.學習新的詞匯和表達方式(Learning the new words or expressions)
41.Now we’re going to learn some new words and expressions.42.Have you previewed the new words? 43.What’s the meaning of the word?
44.Who can explain the use of the word to me? 45.(Give me)An example, please? Can you give me an example? 46.OK.Tell me the differences between the two sentences.47.Can you tell A from B now? 48.Look up the word in the dictionary.49.Can you make a sentence with this word/phrase? 50.Can you say the sentence/phrase/word in another way? III.口語(Speaking)
51.Project your voice so everyone in the room can hear you.52.Show your usual self when speaking English to your classmates.53.Give complete sentences.54.Act in the roles of the two characters in the passage.55.Why don’t you retell the story in your own words? 56.Shall I give you a clue? 57.Sum it up in a few words.58.What can you see in the picture? 59.What else? Anything else / more? Any other things? 60.Look at Picture 1, guess what is going on/ has happened? 61.Who can describe all the pictures in detail again? 62.Well, let’s come to the dialogue in Part II.63.Read the dialogue in pairs, please.64.Practice the dialogue in pairs then act it out.65.Now Tom will be A, and the other half will be B.66.Let’s do a role –play.Who wants to be A? 67.Who wants to act the dialogue out? 68.Make a dialogue using the following expressions.69.Ask and answer questions about the dialogue.70.Make a similar dialogue according to your own real life.71.Complete the dialogue.IV.聽力(Listening)
72.It is essential to identity who, what, when, where, why and how of an utterance.73.Listen until you understand all the details.74.Guess the implication from the context.75.This is go give you practice in listening for the general idea.76.Let me give you some key words(difficult words/ new words).77.Listen again and pick out words that you don’t know.78.That seemed a little too fast.79.Can you explain it in your own words? 80.Jot down the main points while listening.81.Listen and mark the answer to each question.82.Now listen to the tape.Before listening, look at the pictures and guess who can play soccer well.83.Before listening, read through the questions in the book.84.Close your books while listening.85.Let’s check the answers.86.Listen again, do Exercise 2, please.87.Listen to the tape again and repeat, then answer more questions.V.閱讀(Reading)
88.What’s the title of the passage, please? 89.How many paragraphs are there in this article?
Skimming---Read fast then tell me the main/ general idea of each paragraph.91.Now read the text quickly, and find out the answers to the guiding questions.92.Scanning---Read again carefully, then answer the questions.93.Read carefully;fill in the blanks according to the passage.94.Read it in detail /carefully for the second time, then answer the questions on Page 24 of your workbook.95.Can you tell me the clue sentence?
96.Now read the text by yourself.If you have any questions, please ask me.97.Listen and repeat./Listen and try to follow it.98.Translate this sentence into Chinese./Put the sentence into Chinese.99.Who can guess the meaning of the word in the context? 100.Find out the important words and phrases in the paragraph.101.Find out the difficulties that you don’t understand.102.What does “them” in Line 2, Paragraph 3 refer to according to the context? 103.Look at the key words on the blackboard and retell the text.104.Now who can retell the text according to the table(表格)? 105.Can you predict a good ending for this passage?
106.Paraphrase the sentence, please./Who can say it in another/a different way? 107.What do you think of the article? /How do you like the article? 108.What have you learned from the text? 109.What’s your opinion/idea? VI.語音(Pronunciation)
110.Who can tell me what letter or letter combination(字母組合)makes / i:/ sound? 111.Read it correctly.Pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.112.Letter “a” here makes an /ei/ sound.113.Read the sentence with a rising /falling tone/intonation.114.How many syllables does this word have? 115.Which syllable is stressed?
116.Pronounce the long vowels long enough.117.Pronounce diphthongs fully.118.Notice the difference between the two consonants.VII.寫作(Writing)
119.After learning the text, please rewrite the text within 100 words.120.Shorten the text in your own words.121.Look at the pictures and the words given;write a story with no more than 100 words.122.Write an 80-word passage with the following expressions in ten minutes.123.Have you finished the writing? Finish up? 124.After learning the text, write a new composition with the title of Susan’s Day.Please change the first person into the third person.Pay attention to the change of verb forms.125.The title should be written with a capital letter./ The first letter should be capitalized.126.Always remember to check the punctuation when you check your spelling.127.A comma(period/ full stop/ semicolon/ colon/ exclamation mark)is needed here.128.Begin each paragraph on a new line with an indentation of four spaces.129.Write neatly and carefully.130.Don’t write to the very edge(side)of the paper.131.Don’t always use the same words and phrases in your composition.132.Look up words where you are not too sure in the process of your writing.133.Brainstorming before writing is important in generating ideas.134.This sentence is too long and complicated.Break it(up)into two sentences.135.Focus on the topic sentence within one paragraph.136.You can first give the background information, and then present the theme.137.Organize your thoughts well before you write.138.You will be a proficient writer if you keep practicing.Ⅷ.語法(Grammar)
139.What part of speech is this word in the sentence? 140.Pay attention to the use of form words(function words)/ notional words(content words)in this sentence.141.Pay special attention to the verbs.142.Put the attributive phrases after the nouns they modify.143.Provide the adjective derivative of the word.144.Replace the nouns with appropriate pronouns.145.Analyze the grammar of the sentence.146.What is the subject in the sentence? 147.Think whether it is an object or a subject complement.148.Invert the sentence.149.Find out all the general, special, alternative and disjunctive questions(or tag
questions)in the text.150.Classify the sentences in the paragraph into dimple, compound and complex sentences.151.Transform this attributive clause into a participial phrase.152.Put this auxiliary verb at the beginning of the emphatic sentence.153.Render the direct speech in the passage into the reported speech.154.Let’s look up a new grammar point.155.Explain the difference between their usages.第三部分 練習(Exercises)
156.Let’s go back to the exercises.Please watch the big screen.157.Look at the exercises on Page 46.158.Fill in the missing words.159.Fill in the blanks with proper words.160.Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given.161.Make the two sentences have the same meaning.162.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.163.Make sentences with the following sentence patterns.164.Make a dialogue according to the passage.165.Choose the best answer for each blank.166.Rewrite the sentences according to the requirement.167.Turn the following sentences into questions according to the underlined part.168.Make the following sentences into negative ones.169.Turn the following sentences into questions then write them in your exercise book.170.Fill in the blanks with the right verb forms.171.Find the word with a different sound./Find the word which has a different sound from the others.172.Re-arrange the sentences./ Put the sentences in the right order.173.Join the two sentences with proper conjunctions.174.Choose the best answer for the underlined part.175.Complete the sentences according to the Chinese meaning 176.Match the words or phrases.177.Form sentences with the words given.178.Write questions according to the answers.179.Write down the short forms of the following.180.Write down the past and past participle forms of the verbs.181.Choose the right sound of the underlined word.182.Put the following sentences into plural forms.183.Complete the sentences with the past continuous tense.第四部分
其他課堂活動(Classroom activities)I.鼓勵(Encouragement)
184.Who would like to answer this question? 185.Who would like to have a try? Any volunteers? 186.Who knows the answer? Please raise your hand if you know the answer.187.Just have a try.It doesn’t matter if you make any mistakes.188.Come on.You can do it.189.Don’t worry.Take it easy!
190.Don’t be nervous!191.Be active!
192.Be brave!
193.No hurry/ Take your time.194.Anything more? Who can say something more about it? 195.Who has a different idea? 196.Use your head.II.組織課堂,提起注意(Organizing class ,Directing attention)197.Look here, please.198.All eyes on me, please!/Look at me, please!199.Don’t look out of the window.200.Attention, please.201.Keep silent.202.No more talking, please.203.Stop making noise.Don’t disturb the others.204.Don’t whisper to each other.205.Watch carefully, please.206.Please look at the blackboard/picture/map...207.Please write neatly.208.Pay attention to your spelling and pronunciation.209.Throw the waste paper away.210.Look at what I'm doing.211.You may do as I do.III.發出指令;詢問情況(Issuing a command;Making inquiries)212.Let’s start now./Let’s get started.213.All together, please 214.Let's do it one by one.215.Whose turn is it? 216.It's your turn..217.Who’s next? 218.Hands down.219.Please open your books and turn to Page 1.220.(I beg your)pardon? I didn’t hear you clearly.221.Please repeat it.222.(A little)Louder, please.223.Read slowly and clearly.Slow down, please 224.225226.Go ahead, please.227.It’s better to say it in English.228.You may speak Chinese if you can’t say it in English.229.Tell me the full/short answer, please.230.Put your things away.231.Please take out your notebooks/exercise books.232
233.Are you clear? /Do you understand? Do you catch my idea? 234.What do you mean by that? 235.Are you tired? Let’s take a break.236.Is that correct?
237.Do you know how to correct the mistakes? 238.Are you through? / Have you finished? 239.Do you have any questions? 240.Do you agree with him?
IV.小組活動及游戲(Group work and games)241.Now let’s discuss it in groups.242.Get into groups./ Let’s practice in groups of three / four./ In groups.243.Let’s sing a song to relax(our minds).244.Let’s play a game to relax for a moment.245.Look at them, their actions and guess what they are doing.246.Let’s see if you can guess.I’ll give you an example.247.Work in twos on these passages.248.If you are left alone, you can join any pair(group).249.Could I have this group to provide the answer? 250.Who would like to take the role of Anna? 251.Imagine you are the lady who has lost her bag.252.You can refer to your book when you forget things.253.Let’s give a big hand to them.254.Let me show you how it is done.255.Who hasn’t had a chance yet?
256.Get into five teams of five.257.For each point you score, you will receive a cross on this chart.258.Find all the mistakes in each other’s work.第五部分 評價和小結(Evaluation)
259.Good!/Very good./Good job./Good work./Good example/Nice work 260.Excellent./Great!/Well done./Very good./ Wonderful/Fantastic/ Terrific!261.Exactly/ Perfect 262.I don't think so.263.You’re nearly right, but you'd better...264.That's not quite right, any other answers? 265.That's almost right.266.Not bad./Sounds good.267.Not quite right, can anyone help him / her? / Try again.268.Don't worry about it./ No problem.269.Who can help him with the question, please? 270.Who can correct the mistakes for him? 271.Who can help him out? 272.Good idea!That makes sense.273.Who can summarize this lesson?
第六部分 布置作業(Setting homework)
274.Today’275.Write each word five times.276.Memorize these words, important phrases and sentences.277.Learn these words/these sentences/this text by heart.278.Preview the next lesson.279.Finish off the workbook exercises.280.Review the new vocabulary and structure in this unit
281.Copy the last part of the text.282.Recite the first paragraph of the text.283.Be ready for the test on Friday.284.Review today’s lesson before doing your homework.285.Finish this task before our next session.第七部分 下課(Dismissing the class)286.Time is up.287.The bell is ringing./That’s the bell.288.Let's stop here.289.That's all for today.290.Class is over.291..Goodbye./Bye./See you next time.第八部分 考試(Test)
292.Brush up on the lessons before any test.293.We’ll have a test now 294.Help me hand out the paper.295.Pass the extra paper back to the front.296.Write in pen on the answer sheet.297.Don’t worry, you still have plenty of time to do your work.298.Hand in the paper.299.You must finish it in ten minutes.300.OK/Well, time is up.Hand in your papers, please.Situation 1: Checking Attendance
Suppose one of the students is absent in class, and teacher wants to know what happened on him or her.Make a conversation between the teacher and the monitor.Situation 2: Asking for Questions and Asking Question Create a scene in teaching “What’s your favorite…?” sentence structure.Make a dialogue between the teacher and a student.Teacher asks questions and student answers them either correctly or incorrectly.Situation 3: Encouraging and Commenting
Teacher asks a difficult question and gets no response from the students.Despite of the correctness of students’ answer, try to find ways to encourage the students to answer the questions, and give feed back to the answer.Situation 4: Teaching Pronunciation Make a bilateral activities in English Teaching between the teacher and a student in teaching four front vowels: /i: /, / /, /e/, /
Situation 5: Teaching Vocabulary Make a bilateral activity between the teacher and the students in teaching the following new words “doctor, nurse, worker, teacher, engineer…” to the students.Situation 6: Teaching and Learning Activities and Games Make a conversation between the teacher and the students on calling attention to the tasks, assigning roles and declaring the instructions for games.Situation 7: Teaching singing and chants Prepare an English song or a chant and sing it aloud.
第三篇:淺談中學英語高效課堂
淺談中學英語高效課堂
汪東
麥積區向榮學校
***
淺談中學英語高效課堂
摘 要:高效課堂就是要最大程度地發揮課堂教學的功能和作用,即在課堂45分鐘內要最大限度、最完美地完成教學任務、達成育人目標,在課堂有限的教學時間內最完美地實現教育教學的三維目標整合,以求得課堂教學的最大效益。高效課堂是一種全新的科學教學理念,是一種理想的教學典范,真正的高效課堂的目的是讓師生用最短的時間,獲得最大的收獲。
關鍵詞:把握教材 課前預習營造學習氣氛 反思
一、領悟課標、把握教材是構建高效課堂的基本保障
作為中學英語教師,應該潛心研究新課程標準,研究教材和學生的學習狀況。新課標對課程的性質、教學理念和設計思路都做了具體的闡述,具有指導性和可操作性。領悟了新課標精神,可以更好地、更有效率地去指導學生學習,使他們獲得最大的收獲。
二、課前預習是構建高效課堂的必要前提
明確、具體、全面的教學目標是保證課堂教學實效性的重中之重。在制定教學目標時,可將教學內容分解成一個個具體的目標,首先做到完成每課的小目標,然后完成好單元目標,從而達到最終完成總體目標。在教學中要做到教有目標,學有目標,指導檢查也有目標,有的放矢地進行教學。在教學設計、課堂教學中構建有利于學生自主、合作、探究學習的教學模式和空間,促使學生去質疑、去思考、去探索、去發現,要讓學生敢說、會說,愿意并善于同他人合作,使學生的頭腦不再是知識的容器,而成為被點燃的火把。教學中不但要讓學生在知識與能力上得到同步發展,而且在認知與情感上還要得到和諧發展??茖W地制訂最佳的教學目標,可以實現以最少的教學時間和精力取得最佳的學習效果。構建高效課堂不單單只是依靠教師,除了教師要把這一節課堂的內容把握準
確外,學生也要在課前做好充分的課前預習工作,這樣才能在短短的40分鐘內,取得最大的知識信息,掌握知識重點,這樣學生學著也會越來越感興趣。所以,在平時教學中,教師也要著重培養學生課前預習的良好習慣,這樣課堂教學會變得“因學而教,順學而導”。
三、營造良好的學習氣氛是構建高效課堂的重要條件
在教學過程中,教師不能只是單單地把課本上面的知識“搬到”學生的大腦里面,這樣的死板式教學對學生來說絲毫沒有興趣,會導致其厭學,教師的課堂效率也會降低。所以,在教學過程中,教師要從實際出發,巧妙地設計問題,引導學生積極主動地參與進來,激發他們的學習動力,點燃思維火花。例如,在英語教學課堂上,教師可以組織學生表演英語話劇,不僅讓學生鍛煉了口語,還給了他們上臺表演的機會,這對于他們的勇氣和自信也是一種鍛煉,讓他們有一定的成就感,這樣會使學生學得愉快,也樂于去學。
自主合作、優質高效課堂是指在教師組織指導調控和目標引領下,以學生自主學習、自主合作、自主展示和自主反饋矯正為基本學習方式的優質高效課堂。它的基本理念是充分相信學生,充分依靠學生,充分解放學生,從而充分調動學生自主學習的積極性,讓學生充分感受求知的快樂。教師把課堂上更多的時間還給學生,通過讓學生更多地思考,更多地探索,更多地說和做,使教學最大限度地滿足學生個體差異,真正實現課堂教學的高質量和高效率。
要建立自主合作、優質高效課堂模式,必須實現教師與學生兩個角色的轉變:教師必須把習慣扮演的傳授者、監控者、主宰者轉換成組織者、參與者、引導者、欣賞者,在課堂教學中教師當導演,學生唱主角;學生的學習方式要由過去被動地接受、自我封閉、等老師教轉變為自主學習、合作學習、探究學習,這種學習方式增強了實踐性與創造性,有利于調動學生學習的積極性與主動性。
在課堂教學中要做到突出重點、突破難點,每一堂課都要有一個重點,而整堂課的教學都是圍繞著這個重點來逐步展開的。為了讓學生明確本堂課的教學目標、重點、難點,教師在上課開始時首先展示教學目標,以便引起學生的重視。講授重點內容,是整堂課的教學高潮。教師可以通過肢體語言或應用模型、投影儀、多媒體等直觀教具,刺激學生的大腦,抓住學生的眼睛,抓住學生的心,使每一位學生都能興奮起來,對所學內容在大腦中刻下深刻的印象,產生濃厚的興趣,提高學生對新知識的接受能力。
四、教學反思是構建高效課堂的必要環節
教學反思是教師自我平價和自我成長的重要途徑。任何事情都不是完美的,課堂教學也是如此!每節課并不是都能夠有很好的收獲。這就需要教師在課下深入的思考、反思。對每一個教學環節的設計和實際是否符合、學生的學習狀況是否良好、課堂生成狀況等認真總結,找出有規律的東西。在不斷反思中學習、成長。
五、在活動實施過程中,還要注意師生關系:
1.要營造良好的課堂教學氛圍
學生普遍喜歡那種輕松、和諧的學習環境,喜歡那種接近生活的教學活動。在教學活動中,學生是主體,是教學活動的重心,只有尊重學生,建立民主、平等的師生關系,多給學生思維的主動權和自主發現問題的機會,才能真正落實學生的主體地位,使學生勤奮思考,積極與教師交流,主動去發現問題、攝取知識。因此,教師不僅要吃透大綱、教材,把握重難點,還要建立友好的師生關系和寬松、民主、和諧的課堂教學氣氛,因為這是互動教學的前提條件。
2.要重視師生間積極充分的情感交流
“親其師,信其道”,師生間的情感交流以及由此產生的心理氛圍是促進師生積極互動的必要條件。教師把對學生的愛化作一個溫柔的眼神、一個會意的微笑、一句暖心的話語,會使學生感到教師的關心、賞識,讓學生在心理上產生一種說不出的愉悅和滿足,促進他們積極上進,激發他們的求知欲,增添他們的勇氣,鼓起他們的自信。反之,如果師生之間的關系緊張,學生就會由厭惡老師進而厭惡學習,即使難度不大或者很有趣的教育內容,也不能引起他們的興趣。因此,重視師生間積極充分的情感交流顯得非常必要。
3.在互動中保持對每個學生都有充分的關注
每一堂課都有每一堂課的教學任務,目標要求。教師要隨著教學內容的變化,教學對象的變化,靈活應用教學方法。根據本班學生情況運用恰當的教學方法進行教學,使學生學起來有興趣,易于接受。
教學方法是形成最佳課堂氣氛的重要保證。教學有法,但教無定法。教師要根據教學內容、教學目的、教學對象和實際條件,以及個人的教學風格和特長,確定不同的教學方法,一法為主,多法配合,靈活運用各種手段,最大程度地發揮課堂上每一分鐘的作用。在處理知識與技能的關系上,對重點、難點、關鍵性的知識,要精講多練,引導學生拓寬思路,廣開言路,使課堂氣氛既熱烈又嚴肅,讓學生在愉快的氣氛中,既掌握知識,又發展語言運用能力。在處理新舊知識上,要善于利用已學過的知識來引導學生學習新知識和新技能,同時要善于在學習新知識的同時復習舊知識,使新舊知識相互滲透,形成整體。另外,還要利用直觀教具或電化手段來輔助教學,調動學生的多種感官同時運用,強化對所學材料的感知,以提高學生的學習興趣,加深理解,強化記憶,取得理想的教學效果。對于聽力部分,采用激勵機制。在教學中,要重視學生的情感、興趣、注意力、意志等非智力因素。教師可以將班級分組,以組為單位,對每個小組建立聽力檔案,組長記錄學生的聽力水平及所取得的進步,每個月公布一次,以激勵學生做得更好。口語方面,每次挑選兩到三個小組代表發言,使學生養成小組代表發言臺前、臺后掌聲鼓勵的習慣。
巧設教學活動,精心設計每一項任務是提高課堂教學實效的保障。教師既要考慮到教學活動的趣味性,又要考慮到實效性。
教學活動要根據教學內容和教學目標來制定,遵循教學規律,本著從易到難、從簡到繁、難易漸進、變化激趣的原則,使設置的活動目標明確,形式多樣,形成梯度。這樣才能確保每一項教學活動都落到實處,不流于形式。
保持對每個學生都有充分的關注是非常必要的。教師在教學活動中不僅要在注重那些思維活躍、性格外向的學生或學習成績較好的學生,而且對于那些性格內向的學生或學習后進生也要保持足夠的關注,多給他們具體的指導和幫助。課堂上 給他們開口的機會,提高他們說英語的勇氣。對因心理障礙造成口語表達較差的學生,可以適當降低要求,讓他們從簡單的英語說起,有易到難;對他們的點滴進步應及時肯定和表揚,使他們獲得成就感,產生上進的動力。
4.教師角色的轉變
英語互動學是一種以“教師為中心”的教學模式轉向以“學生為中心”的教學模式,把教學重點從“教”轉為“輔”,即我教你學,轉到你學我輔。它還要求每一位教師要很好的去研究學生,研究學生的學習心理。只有對學生的學習心理有了正確的認識,才能把互動教學搞好,把課堂學習變成學生學習的樂園,使學生想學、樂學、愛學,從而達到在“玩中學”和“學中用”的目的。
總之,構建高效有序的英語教學課堂,是符合當代教育發展的一種英語教學理念,建立“以人為本”的觀念,通過師生的共同合作,讓英語教學課堂煥發出生命的活力,使師生共同成長,共同學習,收獲更多的知識!
參考文獻
[1]劉麗英 鄒曉玲 高校英語專業教學改革探析 [J].實驗科學與技術,2006(5):57-60.[2] 盧佳 教師如何與時俱進——英語課改心得 [J].教育教學論壇,2011(9):96-97.[3]李茹娥推動課改著力打造初中英語高效課堂[ J].英語廣場(學術研究),2012(1):138-139.[4] 李海霞 英語課改中存在的教師問題及對策 [J].教育實踐與研究(B),2012(9):17-18.
第四篇:中學英語教師課堂的正能量
中學英語教師課堂“正能量”運用
上海市大團中學徐燕
摘要:身正為范,學高為師,老師的言行舉止在潛移默化中對學生產生極為深遠的影響,大到世界觀、人生觀、價值觀的形成,小到學習習慣、學習態度的養成。英語教學是一門帶有濃厚情感的學科,學生的情感因素是英語教學成功的內驅力,只有調動學生積極的情感因素,激發學生的學習熱情,才能提高中學生英語學習的效果。初中階段的學生們正處于“被塑造”的最佳時期,中學英語教師課堂的正能量會對學生學習效率產生重要影響。關鍵詞:中學英語;正能量;教師 一. 什么是正能量
什么是正能量?科學的解釋是:以真空能量為零,能量大于真空的物質為正,能量小于真空的物質為負。而世界心理學大師理查德,懷斯曼認為:正能量指的是一切予人向上和希望,促使人不斷追求,讓生活變得圓滿幸福的動力和感情。二.正能量在英語教學中的現實意義
《中國青年報》曾報道:約有58%的教師自己感到壓力過大,經常出現焦慮、強迫癥狀等問題。30%的教師會因焦慮或情緒低落而上課沒精神;18%的教師承認會將煩惱而遷怒于學生,還有14%的教師會因為上課氣氛達不到自己的要求朝學生發火。美國著名哲學家,心理學家威廉,詹姆斯的理論認為:情緒與行為之間是互相影響的,正如正能量和負能量也會相互轉化一樣。英國心理學家安排的一項涉及萬人次的大規模研究發現:正能量是可以傳播的,人們會感染周圍人的情緒。一堂英語課的好壞要受到教師情緒的影響,倘若失去良好的課堂情緒,課堂就失去其精神內涵。英語教師的情緒與課堂的良好教學效果息息相關。英語教師正能量對于學習效果起到積極作用,反之,則起到消極作用。
學生個體良好學習習慣的養成、學習效率的提高,不僅來自于學生的“溫故知新”,更來自于教師的“言傳身教”以及對“言傳身教”的感同身受。在英語課堂上,教師如何身的正能量去感染學生,鼓勵激發并不斷強化學生的學習興趣,引導他們逐漸將興趣轉化為穩定的學習動機本人做了以下的嘗試。三,教學理念,教學態度的“正能量”
在教學過程中,傳統的教學方式下,學生一直處于被動的接受知識的局面,以“老師”和“教材”為中心,學生們不敢提出質疑,迷信權威,只是“機械式”的死記硬背。來到初中之后,詞匯量和英語學習的難度有了極大的提高,如果只是單純的依靠死記硬背的話,完全不能滿足英語學校的需要。因此,在教學中,我們應該積極樹立全面的新課程改革的教學觀念,積極的采取有效的措施。一方面,應該積極發揮學生們學習主體的地位和作用。真正的把教學的主動權還給學生們,讓學生們真正的參與到英語學習過程中來,在激發其學習積極性的同時,鼓勵學生們獨立的學習、自主的學習和探究性的學習,通過自己的探索和努力,不斷體驗到英語學習的快樂。另一方面,老師還應該建立與學生之間新型的民主關系,老師是教學過程中的主導,學生是教學過程中的主體,兩者之間是互相幫助、互相促進的關系,因此,老師要努力的爭做學生學習的幫助者、合作者和指導者,建立與學生之前的友好關系,用自己的人格魅力吸引學生,激發學生們學習英語的興趣。
四,教學方式的“正能量”
現階段的中學生,處于青春發育的旺盛時期,他們喜歡新奇的、未知的事情,對于“外面”的世界有著極大的興趣,不喜歡一成不變的東西。針對中學生的這一身心發展特點,我們就應該采用多種方式的教學手段,不斷的激發學生們的學習主動性和積極性。新課程改革也明確指出,在教學過程中,應該鼓勵學生們自主學習,合作學習和探究學習。在教學過程中,應該結合具體的教學內容,靈活的選擇教學方法。比如說,在學習七年級unit9中international food festival這一節課中,完全可以采用小組合作的教學方法:將學生們分成不同的小組,小組之間進行模擬活動的展開,學生們輪流扮演售貨員和顧客,通過角色扮演的合作學習,學生們的熱情和積極性瞬間提高,很快就熟練掌握了基本句型how much…以及can I help you ,I want…等的使用。這種真實情景,模擬生活的教學方式不僅提高了學生們的積極性,而且鍛煉了學生們的口語交際能力。因此,要想提高教學的有效性,必須依照學生的認識水平和教材的知識規律,積極采用多種形式的教學方法,促進教學效率的不斷提升。五,教學過程中的“正能量”
找出學生的興奮點,挖掘出能在課堂上與學生進行交流的語言素材,這些素材最好是與人們日常生活密切相關而且學生感興趣的材料,學生在討論時有話可談。其次要根據這些素材設計交際情境。使堂課在緊湊、輕松的氛圍中完成了預期的教學任務,讓教師學生的學習正能量得以釋放。
我在教授7A Module 2 Unit 7“Signs around us”時,在課堂教學中充分體現了“創設情境,激發興趣,促進合作”這一原則。在課文引入部分,我先讓學生們觀看了一組學生常見的圖片,學生自然而然明白本節課的主題:Signs(標志)。緊接著讓學生欣賞了一段兩分鐘的視頻,欣賞之前先提醒學生:Pay attention to what you will see?帶著任務去欣賞,同時然學生愉快且一目了然的區分圖片與標志的不同。
在Pre-task這一環節中,我給學生復習了預備年級學過的signs和rules的不同定義,告訴學生了解標志和規則的重要性。然后在屏幕上展示了六幅預備年級學過的交通標志,達到復習鞏固的目的,然后讓學生做了一個competition在激發學生興趣的同時達到訓練:S1: What does the sign mean?/S2: It means you must … /you mustn’t…/you can…的目的。
在While-task階段,我緊緊抓住文本中的四個關鍵單詞開展教學,通過Look and read,Match and learn等環節讓學生熟悉文本,通過課文的朗讀,鞏固四個單詞的正確發音,了解標志的含義。因此,我在黑板上寫下了這些板書,使學生加深印象,為接下來的教學任務做好準備。
adirection sign: how and where to go an information sign: what we want to know a warning sign: what we must not do an instruction sign: how to do sth.然后,通過圖片和pairs work的形式讓學生練習對話并且表演。在分角色的近乎演繹真實情景中達到鞏固句型的目的:
A: What does this sign mean? B: It means: you must /mustn’t ….A: Where can we see this sign? B: In a swimming pool/ In a park /On the road /In the shop/… A: What kind of sign is this? B: It is a(an)instruction/ direction / warning/ information sign.在Post-task階段,我對整堂課進行了有機的整合,我設計了一個教學任務。讓學生們為我們的教室做一個design并且完成一個short passage.先讓每組的group leader抽簽,如果抽到warning,該組就當堂設計關于warning的標志,抽簽之后,學生興奮不已,為設計獨特的標志苦思冥想,呈現出許多有亮點和新意的作品有:圖書的標志——多讀書;幾滴水——提醒接純凈水時要節約;追趕的兩人——不要在教室里追逐等,作品富有生活情趣化。學生踴躍的要求在多媒體展示自己的design和passage.通過這個環節不僅讓學生不知不覺的完成了他們最頭疼最畏懼的作文寫作,也讓學生潛移默化的進行了一場心靈的情感教育,即改掉平時班級同學的壞習慣。
在學生回答的同時,要予以回應。比如:I agree with you.I like your idea.僅僅一句簡單的贊同會讓學生心花怒放。在提問過程中老師要允許學生出錯,寬容學生的錯誤。不能動不動生氣發脾氣,盡可能營造一個和諧的氛圍。如果老師總是打斷學生講話來糾正學生的語言或語法上的錯誤,那么這種幫助只能增加學生說英語的精神負擔和壓力。教師應在課前準確指導,課后適當糾正,或者讓學生在運用中逐步糾正。在美國有很多文盲,可是他們能自由運用英語進行表達溝通。所以我們要改變過去英語教學過于強調語言的準確性,忽視了流利性,導致學生自尊心受挫,不敢開口說英語的弊端。
六,評價方式的正能量
學生進行學習的動力之一就是“興趣”,同時,興趣也是孩子們學習的好老師?!缎抡n程標準》明確指出,初中英語教學評價最終目的是激發學生們的積極性與興趣。初中生自我意識強烈、探索欲旺盛。在教學評價中,要遵循積極、正能量的評價方式。用發展的眼光對待學生,尋找每位學生的閃光點,及時對學生進步給予肯定的評價,學生真正體驗到學習英語的快樂與成就感,進一步激發學生的英語學習興趣。同時多一些多樣化鼓勵性的話語,例如:good, well down, right, perfect, a good job, smart boy 等等,讓學生覺得老師對自己的贊美是獨一無二和真心的。少一些絕對性的批評,哪怕有些表達不正確,也不要直接說wrong,可以選擇一些中性的回答maybe, that’s a good idea 等。對于他們的錯誤可以迂回的指出糾正。積極采用課堂內、課堂外評價相結合,老師評價與學生評價相結合,過程性評價與結果性評價相結合等方式,通過激勵性的評價,指導學生們良好學習習慣與學習態度的養成。讓學生站在客觀的角度對自己的學習態度、學習方法薄弱環節、作業完成情況等多個方面進行評價。讓學生全面、準確的了解自己,樹立學習英語的自信心。結語:
綜上所述,本文圍繞著初中生的認知規律、發展特點以及新課標的要求,從四個方面:教學理念、教學態度的“正能量”、教學方式的“正能量”、教學過程的“正能量”、評價方式的正能量,詳細論述了中學英語教師課堂的正能量對學生學習效率的影響。參考文獻:
[1].晏迎新,楊海英,“以學生為中心”教學模式在英語教學中的實踐與探索[J].華章,2011(24)
[2].李劍偉,論將動畫片融于英語教學,改變傳統教學模式[J].學周刊,2011(04)[3].董維維,論視唱練耳教學中的“聽、說、讀、寫”與形象記憶 [J].大觀周刊,2011(19)[4].理查德.懷特曼 《正能量》 [5].《新課程標準》
第五篇:中學英語教師課堂用語專場講座
中學英語教師課堂用語專場講座 上篇:課堂用語的使用誤區
1.交際法教學的核心
口語是基本的語言表達形式。語言教學的中心任務就是培養學生通過聽讀獲得信息,通過說、寫表情達意、交流信息。而交際法教學為實現這一任務提供了可能。交際法教學的核心思想是培養學生的交際能力,即培養學生在實際生活中運用英語的能力。這一核心思想在英語教學中具體體現為重視語言的使用,如何恰當、得體地使用課堂用語,對學生交際能力的培養有著十分重要的作用。
2. 課堂用語的使用
首先,教師在使用課堂用語時,應充分考慮到學生的生理、心理及英語能力的特點,使用語言應簡單易懂。要達到交際的目的,教師首先要將信息傳遞給受話者,而不在于語言是多么華麗。語言知識的掌握較易,而語言的活用則難。啟發誘導學生時,針對不同年齡的學生,我們應采用不同的課堂用語。其次,教師在使用課堂用語時,應注意設置情景,使用副語言課堂用語,盡量避免使用漢語。這些非語言課堂用語的使用,為教學提供了各種情景和真實的交際場面,有利于創造英語環境,促使學生真接用英語進行思維,增加學生使用英語的機會。第三,在不同場合,教師應選用不同的課堂用語。教師的課堂用語親切幽默能使學生精神放松、熱情高昂,課堂氣氛也隨之融洽。在使用課堂用語時,教師應特別注意口氣要婉轉,以創設輕松和諧的氣氛,消除或減少學生的緊張情緒。在課堂交流時,教師應避免對學生挖苦諷刺,尤其對那些靦腆內向型的學生,當學生不會回答或答錯了的時候,教師應馬上講一些鼓勵的話語或簡單的方式再問同一問題。老師使用恰當的課堂用語,可以擺脫一些尷尬冷場的局面,使學生重新找回了自信,增強了學習的信心。
3.英語教學課堂用語的誤區
教師上課以英語作為與學生交流的主要語言工具,這就為學生營造了一個學用結合的現實語言氛圍,有利于鍛煉和提高學生的語言交際能力。從這個意義上說,英語教師的課堂用語會直接成為學生學習英語的典范。準確、流暢、符合英語國家的文化習慣,這是對教師課堂用語的最基本要求。英語教師要使用正確恰當的課堂用語,必須努力走出以下幾個誤區: 誤區之一———貶義詞的使用過于隨意。隨意使用foolish, stupid, stubborn,idiot等貶義詞容易刺傷學生的自尊心,使學生對教師產生抵觸情緒,大大降低了學生英語課堂學習的積極性和進取心。
誤區之二———否定詞的使用簡單生硬。英語課堂教學的雙邊活動較多,教師應有科學、準確的判斷,但使用否定詞時不宜過于簡單生硬。
誤區之三———概括詞的使用以偏概全。有的教師發現學生經常遲到,就說“You are always late.”;發現學生拼寫錯誤多,就評論說“You are always careless.”這樣的概括用語過于肯定、以偏概全。
誤區之四———夸大詞的使用名不符實。在英語課堂上應盡可能少用夸大詞,教師用語應體現嚴謹、精當的要求。特別是一些夸大的否定往往會起到不好的作用。
誤區之五———命令詞的使用事與愿違。課堂教學中教師的主導作用并不等同于要扮演發號施令者,相反,命令口氣詞語的過多使用會帶給學生一種教師居高臨下、粗暴專斷、不可冒犯的感覺。
作為一名英語教師,如何才能走出這些誤區呢?
首先,要樹立師生平等互尊的觀念。其次,英語教學課堂用語應遵循“以表揚和鼓勵為主”的原則,精心呵護學生的自尊與自信。第三,教師課堂用語要字斟句酌,力求精確妥當。
中篇:課堂用語常見錯誤 / 易混淆的用法
1. 課前的熱身練習應稱為warm-up,而不是Warming-up,例如a warming-up of the weather.(天氣變暖。)
2. “今天的作業是什么?”地道的英文表達為:What are today’s assignments?
3. Revise for the examination.(溫書迎考。)注意這里的revise是不及物動詞?!皬土暜斕斓墓φn”可譯為 “Review the day’s lessons.”
4. A drill in spelling 表示“拼寫練習”,注意drill的使用。再如:substitution drill(替詞練習),sentence pattern drill(句型操練)。
5. Out of question 毫無問題Out of the question 不可能
6. Take the chair 主持會議take a chair 坐下(Please sit down!只能用在命令淘氣的小孩坐下)
7. A hundred and one 許許多多One hundred and one 一百零一
8. She was with a child 她帶著一個小孩。She was with child 他懷孕了。
9. They are students of our school 他們是本校的部分學生。They are the students of our school 他們是本校的全體學生。
10. I have lived here for more than a year我在這里已一年多了。(一年又幾個月)I have lived here for more than one year我在這里已不止一年了。(可能是兩年或三年)
11. Teacher 不能用于稱呼。在中小學稱呼老師一般用Mr.××/ Miss ××/Ms××等。稱呼大學老師一般用Professor××。
12. 在回答 “Would you like to watch a football match?”時,應先作肯定回答,然后委婉謝絕:I’d love to, but I’m busy at the moment.13. 比較地道的問候與回答:Good morning, Miss Chen.How are you?//Very well, thank you, Mr.Lin, and how are you?//I’m very well, too, thank you.14. 放學后,老師對學生說:Can I come to your house tomorrow? 注意用come 而不用go。
15. 老師表揚學生:Your English is very good.學生的回答應該是:Thank you, I’m glad you think so.16. 在教師節時,學生送給老師一束花。老師說:Thank you.It’s beautiful.學生的反應是:I’m glad you like it.17. The followings are some of the main ones to respond to thanks:
(1)You’re welcome.(最常用的表達法)
(2)Not at all.(英國英語)
(3)Don’t mention it.(英國英語)
(4)It’s a/my pleasure.(serve as response to “thank you”for a job well done.)
(5)I’m glad to be of help.(serve as response to “thank you”for a job well done.)
(6)That’s all right.(非正式場合使用)
(7)That’s OK.(非正式場合使用)
18. 學生A不小心撞到學生B,學生A說:I’m terribly sorry.學生B的回答應該是:That’s all right.19. 學生A說:Well, what did you think of his writing.?
學生B:Oh, I thought it is great.Didn’t you think so, Peter?
學生C(Peter認為他寫得不好):Yes, in a way.But I’ve seen better.20. 問:Excuse me, do you know how to answer this question, please?
答:Sorry, I’ve no ideas.21. 問:Do you mind passing this book to me?
答:No, not at all.22. 給人帶路時應說:This way, please.下篇:課堂教學用語舉例
l.上課(Beginning a class)
(1)Let's start now./Let's begin our class/lesson.(2)Stand up, please.(3)Sit down, please.)
2.問候(Greeting)
(4)Hello, boys and girls/children.(5)Good morning, class everyone /everybody /children/boys and girls.(6)Good afternoon, class /everyone /everybody /children /boys and girls.(7)How are you today?
3.考勤(Checking attendance)
(8)Who's on duty today?/Who's helping this morning/today?
(9)Is everyone/everybody here/present?
(10)Is anyone away?/Is anybody away?
(11)Is anyone absent?/Is anybody absent?
(12)Who's absent?/Who's away?
(13)Where is he/she?
(14)Try to be on time./Don't be late next time.(15)Go back to your seat, please.(16)What day is it today?
(17)What's the date today?
(18)What's the weather like today?
(19)What's it like outside?
4.宣布(Announcing)
(20)Let's start working./Let's begin/start a new lesson./Let's begin/start our lesson.(21)First, let's review/do some review.(22)What did we learn in the last lesson?
(23)Who can tell/remember what we did in the last lesson/yesterday?
(24)Now we're going to do something new/ different./Now let's learn something new.(25)We have some new words/sentences.5.提起注意(Directing attention)
(26)Ready?/Are you ready?
(27)Did you get there?/Do you understand?
(28)Is that dear?
(29)Any volunteers?
(30)Do you know what to do?
(31)Be quiet, please./Quiet, please.(32)Listen, please.(33)Listen carefully, please.(34)Listen to the tape recorder/the recording.(35)Look carefully, please.(36)Look over here.(37)Watch carefully.(38)Are your watching?
(39)Please look at the blackboard/picture/map...(40)Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation.6.課堂活動(Classroom activities)
(41)Start!/Start now.(42)Everybody together./All together.(43)Practice in a group./Practice in groups./In groups, please.(44)Get into groups of three/four.(45)Everybody find a partner/friend.(46)In pairs, please.(47)One at a time./Let's do it one by one.(48)Now you, please./Your turn(Student's name).(49)Next, please.Now you do the same, please.(50)Let's act./Let's act out/do the dialogue.(51)Who wants to be A?
(52)Practice the dialogue, please.(53)Now Tom will be A, and the other half will be B.(54)Please take(play)the part of...(55)Whose turn is it?
(56)It's your turn.(57)Wait your turn, please.(58)Stand in line./Line up.(59)One by one./One at a time, please.(60)In twos./In pairs.(61)Don't speak out.(62)Turn around.7.請求(Request)
(63)Could you please try it again?
(64)Could you please try the next one?
(65)Will you please help me?
8.鼓勵(Encouraging)
(66)Can you try?
(67)Try, please.(68)Try your best./Do your best.(69)Think it over and try again.(70)Don't be afraid/shy.9.指令(Issuing a command)
(71)Say/Read after me, please.(72)Follow me, please.(73)Do what I do.(74)Repeat, please./Repeat after me.(75)Once more, please./One more time, please.(76)Come here, please.(77)Please come to the front./Come up and write on the blackboard/chalkboard.(78)Come and write it on the blackboard.(79)Please go back to your seat.(80)In English, please.(81)Put your hand up, please.Raise your hand, please.(82)Put your hands down, please./Hands down, please.(83)Say it/Write it in Chinese/English.(84)Please take out your books.(85)Please open your books at page...?/Find page.../Turn to page...(86)Please answer the question/questions./Please answer my question(s).(87)Please read this letter/word/sentence out loud./Please read out letter/word/sentence.(88)Please stop now./Stop now, please./Stop here, please.(89)Clean up your desk/the classroom, please.(90)It's clean-up time./Tidy up your desk/the classroom.(91)Put your things away./Clean off your desk./Pick up the scraps.(92)Clean the blackboard.(93)Plug in the tape-recorder, please.(94)Put the tape-recorder away.(95)Put the tape in its box/cassette.(96)Listen and repeat.(97)Look and listen.(98)Repeat after me.(99)Follow the words.(100)Fast./Quickly!/Be quick, please.this
(101)Hurry!/Hurry up, please.(102)Slow down, please.(103)Slowly.(104)Bring me some chalk, please.10.禁止和警告(Prohibition and warning)
(105)Stop talking./Stop talking now, please.(106)Don't talk./Everybody quiet, please.(107)Don't be silly.(108)Settle down.1l.評價
(109)Good, thank you.(110)Good!/Very good./Good job./Good work./Good example.(111)A good answer./Nice work.(112)Excellent./Great!/Well done./Very good./I like the way you...(113)That's interesting!
(114)Don't worry about it./No problem.(115)OK!/That's OK.(116)I don't think so.(117)That's not quite right, any other answers?/That's close./That's almost right.(118)Not quite, can anyone help him/her?/Try again.(119)A good try.12.布置作業(Setting homework)
(120)For today's homework...(121)Practice after class./Practice at home.(122)Say it out loud, before you write it down.(123)Copy/Print/Write each word twice.(124)Remember/Memorize these words/sentences.(125)Learn these words/these sentences/this text by heart.(126)Do your homework./Do the next lesson./Do the new work.13.下課(Dismissing the class)
(127)Hand in your workbooks, please.(128)Time is up.(129)The bell is ringing.(130)There's the bell.(131)There goes the bell.(132)Let's stop here.(133)That's all for today.(134)Class is over.(135)Goodbye./Bye./See you next time.