第一篇：關于《2012年溫家寶政府工作報告》學習心得

政府工作報告學習心得體會

大地回春，萬物復蘇，2012年的“兩會”如期召開，“兩會”是國內政治經濟生活中的一件大事，是用群眾智慧治理國家、用科學發展觀統籌全局的一次生動實踐。作為當代一名航天技術人員，一名革命軍人，我們更要關注“兩會”，關心國家的發展動向。在技術室統一組織安排下，我們分兩次全面學習了溫總理所作的政府工作報告。中國國務院總理溫家寶全面回顧去年年工作成就，莊重宣示2012年發展目標。在這份為世界目光聚焦，接近2萬字的政府工作報告中，中國展示出加速變革和為國民謀求幸福與尊嚴的足夠決心，具備大國思維的發展韜略躍然紙上。

一、政治改革的步伐逐步開啟

十一屆全國人大五次會議上，政府工作報告中明確提出“加快推進政府改革”。5年來，“政府改革”這一關鍵詞第一次出現在政府工作報告中。改革是我國國民經濟發展的動力，這已為幾十來改革開放的歷史所證明。今年溫總理在人大的政府工作報告用很長的篇幅講了改革問題，報告指出必須按照科學發展觀的要求，尊重群眾首創精神，大膽探索，以更大決心和勇氣繼續全面推進經濟體制、政治體制等各項改革，破解發展難題。

溫總理在答記者問上再次說明：“沒有政治體制改革的成功，經濟體制改革不可能進行到底，已經取得的成果還有可能得而復失，社會上新產生的問題，也不能從根本上得到解決，文化大革命這樣的歷史悲劇還有可能重新發生!”1980年12月在中央工作會議上，陳云講話：“我們要改革，但是步子要穩。??隨時總結經驗，也就是要‘摸著石頭過河’??”

但如今改革已經進入深水區，再摸著石頭過河，水波一來，我們可能就都要淹死了。

至于改革的方向，在答記者問中，總理明確指出：“政府的一切權力都是人民賦予。”

其實 “權為民所賦”的理念是否貫穿，才是“權為民所用、情為民所系、利為民所謀”能否實現的基礎。

二、公平正義的追求一以貫之

溫總理曾經說：“公平正義比太陽還光輝。公平正義是社會主義的本質特征。”

從這一任政府的工作看，９年來，為實現社會的公平正義做了大量不可磨滅的工作。首先，在法律上，修改憲法，將尊重和保障人權寫入憲法，制定了物權法，使合法的私有財產得到法律保護，修改了選舉法，使城鄉選民具有平等的權利，廢除了收容遣送條例，使農民能自由進城務工。其次，在農村，取消了農業稅，減輕了農民的不合理負擔。第三，在教育上，實行了九年免費義務教育，對農村的孩子上職業學校實行免費，將教育經費占ＧＤＰ的４％列入2012年預算，對困難地區農村寄宿制學校學生給予補貼。第四，建立和完善了包括養老、失業、醫療、低保在內的社會保障體系。企業職工醫療保險、城市居民醫療保險和新農合已經覆蓋１３億人口。

當然，對于存在的問題，這一屆政府也是心如明鏡，他明確指出，社會分配不公以及司法不獨立引起群眾極大的不滿，這是阻礙公平正義最大的障礙，而這一切的根源則是權力分配得不到有效控制。

從報告中我們看到這屆政府對公平正義的追求一以貫之，他們為此為此作出的，和即將作出的不懈努力必將為我們記住。

三、科學發展的理念逐步深入

從數字上看，本次政府工作報告一大亮點就是：我們2012年經濟增長的預期速度首次降到了8%以下。

這樣做有足夠的現實支撐和意義，30年的高速發展已使中國有了足夠的財富和騰挪空間，可以稍微放慢腳步，進行調整，讓經濟繁榮惠及更多普通百姓；中國執政黨的合法性基礎不僅在于它主導的高速增長，也在于能讓民眾過上更平等和有尊嚴的生活。

08年美國大選中的民主黨候選人提出“兩個美國”的說法，轉型中的印度人正熱議“兩個印度”。我們也可以說存在著“兩個中國”。

一個中國的gdp總量已正式超越日本，排名全世界第二，其政府擁有令別國羨慕的雄厚財力，其企業與工程項目遍布五大洲，她甚至可以像發達國家一樣，動用海空力量從一個遙遠國家迅速撤出數萬國民；她甚至可以收稅用游艇，稅率

僅次于法國，她的大街上滿街奔馳寶馬的國度，世界頂極品牌紛紛為了中國年輕人的品味而改變自己的風格。另一個中國GDP人均就排到了全世界一百幾十，落在了咱們給糧給錢扶植多年的阿爾巴尼亞之后，她的百姓的收入都趕不上戰火中的伊拉克低保，她的太多地方人年平均收入一千余元，一個二十幾歲的女孩出賣身體一次只能得幾十塊錢，她的食品業充斥著地溝油、假藥、夜光豬肉、毒牛奶、毒大米。

從報告中我們看到科學發展不僅僅是大家政治學習的一個課題，而是政府在工作中必須不斷深入理解，并為此不懈努力奮斗的一個理念。

要把民生問題擺在更重要的位置，就是要走以民生為導向的發展之路，就是要在“勞有所得”、“學有所教”、“病有所醫”、“住有所居”、“老有所養”上下功夫。從這個意義上講，解決民生問題就是最大的政治，改善民生問題就是最大的政績。惠民生方能順民心，順民心方能聚民力。從根本和長遠來看，保障和改善民生的重要性，絕不亞于保持經濟增長。“兩會”只有不斷問政于民、問需于民、問計于民，不斷增進人民福祉，才能化民力為推動經濟發展和社會進步的持久動力，中國未來五年、十年的發展才是有本之木，全面建成小康社會才會擁有更加堅實的基礎。

當然，任何事情，有所得必有所棄，就在溫總理3月14日在答記者問上表態“房價遠未合理”后，當天股市地產股大幅跳水，帶動股市暴跌，失守2400點。

四、困難重重的現實依然存在從報告中我們也讀到了這屆政府在不少方面依然困難重重。

首先，改革下一站走向何方依然不明確。

報告大篇幅的提到要改革，明確指出要深入推進重點領域改革，深化財稅金融體制改革、推動多種所有制經濟共同發展、深化價格改革、深化收入分配制度改革、積極穩妥推進事業單位分類改革、加快推進政府改革、加強廉政建設，但在改革的舉措上，依然舉步維艱。不從根源上下功夫，很難根本解決問題，可以預想，這也是下一屆政府工作的主要內容。

其次，三農問題依然是社會發展的一大制約。

新中國第一代領導人革命取得勝利最核心的因素就是抓住農民對土地的渴望，三十年后，第二代領導人改革開放順利進行最具代表意義的政策就是解放了農民對土地的使用，再三十年，新時代的領導人最要緊的可能還是要落腳于農民最樸實的訴求。從某種程度上說，烏坎數萬村民在過去一年艱苦卓絕的抗爭，意義并不亞于安徽小崗村18個農民冒著生命危險包產到戶。如果不能順應時代發展要求，過去的太多悲劇依然會天天在我們眼前上映。

最后，法制建設的道路依然曲折。

本次兩會可能最引人關注的莫過于《刑事訴訟法》的修改。從前期網絡民意看，對其中73條關于秘密拘捕而不通知家人的條款，保持反對態度達到92%以上。而從人大的表決結果看（贊成2639票，反對160票，棄權57票，還有16個人未按表決器），似乎顛倒乾坤，以至于有人調侃“這是‘吳人大’，‘賈政協’”。而網易等各大媒體對于這個新聞的處置也意味深長：直接關閉了評論。

對于法律的是非，這里不討論，單從大家的擔憂看，如果我們的目標是司法獨立公正，我們要走路還很長很長。

第二篇：溫家寶總理的政府工作報告學習心得

學習心 得

在我團開展的學習溫家寶總理2010年3月5日在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上“政府工作報告”中，我積極認真的學習了溫家寶總理的政府工作報告。

通過對政府工作報告的學習，使我對我國在2009年社會主義現代化事業取得的成就有了比較系統的了解和認識，提高了自己的認識。另一方面，報告中還詳細明確地指出了2010年政府工作的主要任務，使我在了解我國總體發展方向的同時，也更加明了了自己的努力和發展方向。應在好好工作的基礎上，使自己的工作、學習沿著黨中央的發展方向前進。對于我們文藝工作者來說，對于政府工作報告的學習更加具有必要性。因為我們工作的環境與外界接觸較多，也恰恰是這樣的環境給了我們更多的學習的機會，在工作之余對報告的學習，可以使我們更清楚地了解我國的當今局勢以及未來的發展方向。

去年的我國兩會前夕，正在宏觀調控中艱難行進的中國經濟，又受到國際金融危機的嚴重沖擊，人們焦灼關注的是出口下降，企業倒閉，失業率上升，群體性事件頻發……當時溫家寶在提到“最困難”時的凝重神色，被中外媒體一再重溫。而溫總理在闡述財政和貨幣政策時，也將2008年“穩健”和“從緊”的報告用語，一變而為“積極”和“適度寬松”。

一年過去，中國經濟回升勢頭明顯，讓人松了一口氣，媒體上甚至彌漫著一股“風景這邊獨好”的樂觀氣氛。因此，溫家寶在對“最困難”的回顧后，緊接著指出“很快扭轉了經濟增速下滑的趨勢”，讓人聽來也覺氣定神閑了許多。

但是，溫家寶接下來就用了一個絕不輕松的形容詞——“極為復雜”——來描述已經開始的2010年，“各種積極變化和不利影響此長彼消，短期問題和長期矛盾相互交織，國內因素和國際因素相互影響，1經濟社會發展中?兩難?問題增多。”

“極為復雜”并不比“最困難”更好應對。應對得不好，“復雜”會轉成“困難”。如何在諸多“復雜”的線頭兒中找到應對之策，如何確立復雜中諸多發展目標的重中之重？我們注意到，除了歷年報告中都有的“深化改革”依然得以強調而外，除了用“刻不容緩”形容轉變經濟增長方式的重要性之外，在今年的報告里，本屆政府更對政府工作的終極意義作出莊重承諾：要讓人民生活得更幸福、更有尊嚴，讓社會更加和諧。

“有尊嚴”，最先出自溫家寶之口，是在今年的春節團拜會上，當時便讓人耳目一新，被敏感的中外媒體爭相報道。而今，這一嶄新的提法，堂而皇之地出現在政府工作報告之中，從個性化表述提升為官方承諾，更讓人心情激蕩。

去年是新中國建立60周年，一個甲子過去了，我們在現代化進程中摘得了許多物質的和精神的成果，而將“以人為本”具像地描述為“我們所做的一切都是要讓人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊嚴，讓社會更加公正、更加和諧”這樣的認識，是對民主政治的踐諾，是對政府職能公仆本色的正本清源。盤點共和國60年精神成果，這樣的認識頗讓人百感交集。

“幸福”這個字眼，我們在共和國開國之后歷屆政府的承諾中，都耳熟能詳。50年代，人們對幸福的憧憬是“樓上樓下，電燈電話”；六七十年代，是“三轉一響”（三轉是自行車、縫紉機、電風扇，一響是收音機），是進國營工廠或穿上軍裝；80年代是“萬元戶”；90年代是有房有車；新世紀的幸福感呢，則和總理緊跟著提出的“尊嚴”息息相關。

且看，眼下民眾熱議的、社會矛盾集中的、群體性事件頻發的領域，無不飄揚著“尊嚴”的旗幟。

80后對蝸居生活苦不堪言，事實上，他們的居住條件比之同齡時三代同室、或筒子樓一住幾十年的父輩來說，未必更差，但是，住房在今天意味著體面和安全感，意味著有尊嚴的生活。

野蠻的強制拆遷，拆掉的不僅是安身立命的房子，也是“草民”最后的尊嚴。

教育資源的失衡、受教育權利的不公，農民工子弟學校在城市生存維艱，農村大量留守兒童遭遇親子困境和成長的煩惱，剝奪的是弱勢群體對下一代有尊嚴地發展的強烈渴望；

社會保障的缺失，看病難看病貴，讓草根階層生存的尊嚴受到打擊；

官場腐敗現象的層出不窮，體制機制的僵化與遲滯，社會上假丑惡現象屢禁不絕，中國遭遇愈演愈烈的“道德沙塵暴”，拷問的是一個國家、一個民族的精神尊嚴。

如果說，以前我們習慣于更多地用物質的尺度來形容“幸福”，2010年政府對保證民眾尊嚴的承諾，或許是一個轉機，我們的政府，不但開始意識到走向小康的民眾，對精神層面的需求日益高企，也在用這個尺度對政府工作、對官員的執政理念和執政能力提出更高要求。謀民之利，解民之難，排民之憂，扶民之危，保障人民群眾的幸福與尊嚴，是政府的本份和責任。有這樣的理解，強遷之手還敢往外伸嗎？民辦教師的清退還會如此草率嗎？釣魚執法還會橫行數年而不知收斂嗎？

去年，溫家寶坦率承認，政府自身改革和建設“與人民的期待仍有不小差距”，今年，在這方面的表述中，除了把“不小差距”，變為“較大差距”外，其他對政府負面評價的描述仍大同小異。這一方面說明本屆政府并未諱疾忌醫，另一方面也說明政府的自身改革難度極大，不可能短時奏功。

但是，有了這樣清醒的認識和莊重的承諾，我們對堅守崗位的本屆政府，仍然抱有極大的期望；對民眾生活的幸福與尊嚴，抱有極大的期望；對剛剛六十初度的共和國在新的起點上重新出發，抱有極大的期望……

通過對政府工作報告的學習，使我自己也清楚地認識到了自己對政治理論學習的不足，對國家大事的關心程度還遠遠不夠。加大產業結構、資源節約和環境保護力度等方面，推動產業結構調整和優化升

3級，使轉變經濟增長方式的重要途徑和迫切任務。提高產業技術水平，關鍵是全面增強自主創新能力。很多知識都需要我們去學習、體會。加強文化建設，抓好理想信念教育，特別是青少年的思想道德建設。通過對政府工作報告的學習使我清楚地認識到了工作總結與計劃的重要性。2010年政府工作報告是對2009年工作的總結和對2010年工作的計劃，使我們對于國家過去的成果和在即將來臨的一年將要進行的工作有了初步的了解。只有總結了過去，才能認識自己的不足和長處，以至于在以后的工作中更好的發揮自己的優勢，彌補自己的不足；只有更好的計劃未來才能使未來更加有條不紊的進行。對于文藝工作本身的性質來說，因為是以業務為本，使得對于工作成果的總結和計劃又顯得尤為的重要了。對此，我認真的作了本的工作和學習計劃。當然計劃也好總結也好，一切的目標都是為了更好的工作、學習，一切必須從實際出發，結合自己本身的條件，以上級領導的指示思想為主導，認認真真的學習。

通過對政府工作報告的學習，使我更加認識到了在我團開展的學習溫總理2010年3月5日在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上“政府工作報告”活動的重要性。只有好的工作，才能體現學習的必要性，也只有更好的學習才能促進工作更好的進步。

今后，我將把通過這段學習的收獲，充分的運用到工作實踐當中去，為我市的文化事業和藝術團的發展做出自己的貢獻。

第三篇：2004溫家寶政府工作報告

2004年政府工作報告

2004年政府工作報告

——2004年3月5日在第十屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上

國務院總理溫家寶

各位代表：

本屆政府履行職責已經一年。現在，我代表國務院，向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。一、一年來工作回顧

過去的一年，是我國發展進程中重要而非同尋常的一年，是改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得顯著成就的一年。面對復雜多變的國際形勢、突如其來的非典型肺炎疫情和頻繁發生的自然災害，在中國共產黨領導下，各級政府和全國各族人民一道，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，貫徹落實黨的十六大精神，迎難而上，頑強拼搏，奮力開拓創新，在全面建設小康社會的道路上邁出重要步伐。

——抗擊非典取得重大勝利。

——經濟快速發展。國內生產總值比上年增長９．１％，達到１１．６７萬億元；按現行匯率計算，人均國內生產總值突破１０００美元，跨上一個重要臺階。

——國家財力明顯增強。全國財政收入達到２．１７萬億元，比上年增加２７８７億元。

——對外貿易大幅增長。進出口總額比上年增長３７．１％，達到８５１２億美元，由上年居世界第五位上升到第四位。

——就業超過預期目標。城鎮新增就業８５９萬人，下崗失業人員再就業４４０萬人。

——居民收入增加。城鎮居民人均可支配收入實際增長９％，農民人均純收入實際增長４．３％。

——首次載人航天飛行獲得圓滿成功。

這些成就，標志著我國綜合國力又有新的提高，進一步增強了全國人民繼續前進的信心和勇氣。

一年來，我們主要做了以下六方面工作：

（一）采取果斷措施，集中力量抗擊非典

去年春天，我國遭遇了一場非典疫情重大災害。黨中央、國務院把人民群眾的身體健康和生命安全放在第一位，及時研究和部署防治非典工作。貫徹《中華人民共和國傳染病防治法》，制定《突發公共衛生事件應急條例》，將非典列為法定傳染病管理，如實公布疫情，在全國范圍內實行群防群控。國務院和地方政府成立防治非典指揮部，統一調度人力物力財力，充分發揮城鄉基層組織的作用，確保預防、救治工作緊張有序進行。組織科研攻關，在診斷、治療、防疫等方面取得重要進展。對農民非典患者實行免費治療等措施，嚴防疫情向農村擴散。

在抗擊非典斗爭的艱難時刻，各級領導干部深入第一線，全國人民萬眾一心，社會各界同舟共濟，廣大醫務工作者臨危不懼，中華民族經受住了嚴峻的考驗。

（二）適時適度調控，促進經濟平穩快速發展

我們堅持擴大內需方針，繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，針對經濟運行中出現的新情況，及時采取措施進行宏觀調控。

在非典肆虐的情況下，我們堅持一手抓防治非典不放松，一手抓經濟建設不動搖。著力加強重點建設，促進工業生產，保證物流暢通，及時對受疫情沖擊較大的行業實行減免稅費、貼息貸款等扶持政策，并制定促進就業和增加農民收入等方面的措施，最大限度地減輕了疫情對經濟發展的影響。

我們主要運用經濟、法律手段，采取綜合措施，引導和調控社會投資。進一步整頓和規范土地市場秩序，全面清理各類開發區，制止亂征濫占耕地。適當提高金融機構存款準備金率，控制貨幣信貸過快增長勢頭。在調控中，注意適度微調和區別對待。

我們加大“三農”工作力度，及時作出部署，保護糧食主產區和廣大農民的種糧積極性。加強經濟運行協調，采取措施增加供給，引導需求合理增長，緩解煤、電、油、運和重要原材料供應緊張狀況。

我們積極推進經濟結構戰略性調整，抓緊一批對經濟增長和結構調整有重大促進作用的重點項目建設，特別是加快水利、能源、交通等項目的開工和建設。三峽水利樞紐二期工程勝利完成，三期工程拉開序幕；西氣東輸東段工程成功貫通；青藏鐵路正線鋪軌順利推進；西電東送規模擴大；南水北調工程東、中線開工建設。西部大開發繼續推進，東北地區等老工業基地振興戰略開始實施。

（三）注重統籌兼顧，加快社會事業發展

非典疫情蔓延，集中暴露出我國經濟和社會發展不協調的問題。我們從政府工作的著力點和財政投入等方面，及時作出必要調整，推動社會事業加快發展。中央財政全年用于教育、衛生、科技、文化、體育事業的支出達８５５億元，比上年增長１２．４％；支持社會事業發展的國債投資達１６３億元，增長近兩倍。

以疾病預防控制和農村為重點，加強全國公共衛生體系建設。制定并組織實施《國家公共衛生監測信息體系建設規劃》和《突發公共衛生事件醫療救治體系建設規劃》，建立突發公共衛生事件預警和應急機制。加強公共衛生設施建設，重點抓了省、市（地）、縣三級疾病預防控制網絡建設。采取中央與地方共建辦法，加強農村衛生醫療機構建設。開展新型農村合作醫療制度和醫療救助制度試點。

國務院作出《關于進一步加強農村教育工作的決定》。中央財政和國債資金加大了對農村教育的支持力度，主要用于補助中西部農村教師工資發放、中小學危房改造、中小學現代遠程教育工程試點和資助家庭經濟困難的學生。許多城市開始實行以流入地政府管理為主的辦法，努力使進城務工農民的子女能夠上學。

一年來，我國基礎研究、戰略高技術研究和高新技術產業化取得重要進展。國務院著手編制國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，組織大批專家參與研究論證，已有一批重要研究成果。

積極推進文化體制改革和文化事業發展。文化市場整頓力度加大。群眾體育和競技體育運動取得新成績。

人口和計劃生育工作進一步加強。國土資源管理、環境保護、林業發展和生態建設等方面都做了大量工作，取得新成效。

（四）關心群眾生活，做好就業和社會保障工作

我們高度重視解決群眾特別是困難群眾的生產生活問題，維護群眾切身利益。各級政府認真落實中央關于擴大就業再就業的一系列措施，加大資金投入、政策支持和工作力度。中央財政新增４７億元專項補助資金，用于支持就業再就業。加強對高校擴招后首批畢業生就業的指導和服務，全國普通高校畢業生就業率去年底達到８３％，比上年增加６０萬人。

為繼續落實“兩個確保”和“三條保障線”，２００３年中央財政支出７００億元，比上年增長１９．９％；其中用于城市居民最低生活保障的補助資金由上年４６億元增加到９２億元。全國２２３５萬城市居民得到最低生活保障。從２００３年起，中央財政每年安排專項資金，支持地方解決企業軍轉干部等生活困難問題；再次提高革命傷殘人員等優撫對象的撫恤補助標準。

我們進一步加強農村扶貧開發工作，增加資金投入，改善貧困地區生產生活條件。全力做好抗災救災工作，中央財政用于洪澇、干旱、地震等救災救濟支出８０．３億元，比上年增長６３．９％；用于災后重建的中央投資２７．９億元。災區群眾生活得到妥善安排，恢復生產和重建工作有序進行。各級政府重視解決拖欠農民工工資問題，加大了工作力度，取得初步成效。

（五）推進體制創新，改革開放邁出重要步伐

按照十屆全國人大一次會議批準的方案，國務院機構改革順利完成，調整和新組建的機構運轉正常。宏觀調控體系建設、國有資產管理體制改革和銀行業監管體系建設取得重要進展。統一內外貿管理體制，調整了食品安全和安全生產監管體制。省級政府機構改革基本完成。行政審批制度改革進一步深化。

國有企業股份制改革繼續推進。電力、電信、民航等行業的改革加快。國有及國有控股工業企業經濟效益大幅度提高，實現利潤３７８４億元，比上年增長４５．２％。銀行、證券、保險業改革穩步推進。制定并實施國有商業銀行股份制改造試點方案。改革了證券發行審核制度。國有保險企業股份制改造取得明顯進展。醞釀多年的農村信用社改革開始在８個省（市）試點。農村稅費改革試點擴大到全國。促進非公有制經濟發展的政策措施進一步落實。深入整頓和規范市場秩序，堅決打擊制售假冒偽劣商品和走私等違法犯罪活動，改善市場環境，維護消費者和生產者合法權益。

我們認真履行加入世貿組織的承諾，繼續降低關稅稅率，擴大服務業對外開放。外貿經營權進一步放開。制定并實施出口退稅機制改革方案，積累多年的欠退稅問題將逐步得到合理解決。加強了應對國外反傾銷調查和解決貿易爭端的工作。進出口商品結構進一步優化。全年實際利用外商直接投資５３５億美元。年底國家外匯儲備達４０３３億美元，比年初增加１１６８億美元。人民幣匯率保持穩定。去年，還簽署了內地與香港、內地與澳門建立更緊密經貿關系的安排，增強了內地與港澳的經貿聯系。

（六）加強法制建設，維護社會穩定

我們高度重視政府法制建設。國務院先后提出銀行業監督管理法草案、對外貿易法修訂草案等５部法律議案；制定了《企業國有資產監督管理暫行條例》等２８部行政法規。針對收容遣送工作中存在的問題，制定并組織實施《城市生活無著的流浪乞討人員救助管理辦法》和配套措施。《法律援助條例》的實施，為困難群眾解決打官司難提供幫助。

加強社會治安綜合治理。對治安混亂地區進行重點整治。加大對嚴重暴力犯罪等突出犯罪的打擊力度，社會治安取得新的進步。堅持執法為民、從嚴治警，著重解決超期羈押、濫用強制措施等問題，保障公民的合法權益。加強政法隊伍建設，發揮公安機關和武警部隊在維護社會穩定中的重要作用。

過去的一年，各級政府按照黨中央的部署，興起學習貫徹“三個代表”重要思想和黨的十六大精神的高潮。社會主義政治文明建設繼續推進，精神文明建設進一步加強。廉政建設和反腐敗工作取得新成效。民族、宗教、僑務工作取得新成績。國防和軍隊現代化建設邁出新步伐。外交工作開創了新局面。

一年來各方面的顯著成就，確實來之不易。這是黨中央總攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全國各族人民團結奮斗、辛勤勞動的結果。我代表國務院向全國工人、農民、知識分子和干部，向社會主義勞動者和社會主義事業的建設者，向解放軍指戰員、武警部隊官兵和公安民警，表示誠摯的感謝！向全國各族人民，各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，對政府工作的信任和支持，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持祖國建設和統一的香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞，以及廣大僑胞，向一切關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

回顧過去一年，我們清醒地看到，在前進道路上還有許多困難和問題，政府工作還有不少缺點，群眾還有一些不滿意的地方，多年積累的深層次矛盾從根本上解決還需要相當長時間。農民增收緩慢，就業和社會保障任務重，區域發展不平衡，部分社會成員收入差距過大，資源環境壓力增加。在經濟加快發展的過程中，又出現一些新的矛盾，特別是投資規模偏大，部分行業和地區盲目投資、低水平重復建設比較嚴重，能源、交通和部分原材料供求關系緊張。糧食減產較多，違法違規占用耕地現象比較突出。社會事業發展滯后，群眾對上學難、看病難等問題反映比較強烈。城鄉不少低收入居民生活還比較困難。一些地方嚴重刑事犯罪案件屢有發生。重大安全事故接連出現，給人民群眾生命財產造成嚴重損失，教訓極為深刻。我們還清醒地看到，有些政府工作人員存在主觀主義、形式主義和官僚主義作風，奢侈浪費，弄虛作假，甚至貪污腐敗。政府自身建設和反腐敗工作十分艱巨。

對這些矛盾和問題，必須高度重視而不可回避，認真解決而不可任其發展。政府工作任重道遠。我們要保持清醒頭腦，增強憂患意識和歷史責任感，下定決心，知難而進，開拓創新，扎實工作，以新的精神狀態、新的工作面貌，迎接新的考驗，決不辜負人民的期望。

二、２００４年主要任務

今年是我國改革和發展十分關鍵的一年。政府工作的基本思路和主要任務是，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，全面貫徹黨的十六大和十六屆三中全會精神，抓住重要戰略機遇期，抓好發展這個第一要務，堅持科學發展觀，按照“五個統籌”的要求，更加注重搞好宏觀調控，更加注重統籌兼顧，更加注重以人為本，更加注重改革創新，著力解決經濟社會發展中的突出矛盾，著力解決關系人民群眾切身利益的突出問題，正確處理改革發展穩定的關系，推動經濟社會全面、協調、可持續發展，實現社會主義物質文明、政治文明和精神文明共同進步。

（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，保持經濟平穩較快發展

今年經濟工作的基本著眼點，是把各方面加快發展的積極性保護好、引導好、發揮好，實現經濟平穩較快發展，防止經濟出現大起大落。中央提出今年經濟增長預期目標為７％左右，既考慮了保持宏觀調控目標的連續性，也考慮了經濟增長速度與能源、重要原材料、交通運輸等實際條件的銜接，減輕對資源和環境的壓力。這也有利于引導各方面把主要精力放在深化改革、調整結構、提高經濟增長的質量和效益上，把更多的財力、物力用在社會發展和加強薄弱環節上。

搞好宏觀調控，既要保持宏觀經濟政策的連續性和穩定性，又要根據經濟形勢發展變化，適時適度調整政策實施的力度和重點。適時，就是把握好調控措施出臺的時機，見微知著，防患于未然；適度，就是松緊得當，不急剎車，不一刀切。

要堅持擴大內需的方針，繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。發行建設國債是在需求不足的情況下采取的階段性政策，隨著社會投資增長加快，應逐步調減發債規模。今年擬發行建設國債１１００億元，比上年減少３００億元。為了建立正常的政府投資機制和穩定的資金來源，在逐年減少國債發行規模的同時，要逐年適當增加中央預算內經常性建設投資，今年擬先增加５０億元。總的考慮是，經過幾年努力，在現有財政赤字規模不擴大的情況下，中央預算內經常性建設投資逐步增加到一定規模，同時逐步減少發行建設國債。要調整建設國債使用方向，集中用于促進經濟結構調整和社會全面發展。今年國債投資要向農村、社會事業、西部開發、東北地區等老工業基地、生態建設和環境保護傾斜，保證續建國債項目建設。要切實管好用好國債資金，確保國債項目工程質量和資金使用效益。繼續做好財政稅收工作，大力增收節支，嚴格依法征稅，保證重點支出。充分發揮貨幣政策的作用，適當控制貨幣信貸規模，優化信貸結構，既要支持經濟增長，又要防止通貨膨脹和防范金融風險。促進國際收支基本平衡，保持人民幣匯率在合理、均衡水平上基本穩定。

適當控制固定資產投資規模，堅決遏制部分行業和地區盲目投資、低水平重復建設，是今年宏觀調控的一項重要任務。要堅持以市場為導向，主要運用經濟、法律手段，輔之以必要的行政手段，加強引導和調控。一要完善產業政策和行業規劃，健全行業信息發布制度，正確引導社會投資方向。二要抓緊制定和完善行業準入標準，嚴格市場準入。凡在環保、安全、能耗、技術、質量等方面不符合標準的項目，尚未建設的不準開工，在建的要進行清理，已建的要限期改造。三要依法加強用地管理。對不符合國家產業政策和行業準入標準的建設項目，一律不得批準用地。繼續清理開發區，整頓規范土地市場。四要強化信貸審核和監管。對不符合市場準入條件的新建項目和改擴建項目，金融機構不予貸款。五要嚴肅稅制，堅決禁止和糾正擅自出臺稅收優惠政策的行為。通過這些措施，努力使投資結構得到調整和優化，投資總規模保持合理水平，投資效益得到提高。要按照走新型工業化道路的要求，推進國民經濟和社會信息化，促進產業結構優化升級。積極發展對經濟增長帶動作用大和擁有自主知識產權的高新技術產業。加快振興裝備制造業。大力發展現代流通、旅游、中介服務等第三產業，逐步提高其在國民經濟中的比重。

保持經濟平穩較快發展，必須緩解當前能源、重要原材料和運輸的供求矛盾。一方面，要增加煤炭、電力、油品生產；加強經濟運行調節，促進煤、電、油、運和重要原材料的供需銜接，保證居民生活、重要行業和重點企業的需要；加快大型煤炭基地、重要電源電網建設，加快石油等重要資源勘探開發，加快重大交通運輸干線與樞紐工程建設。另一方面，要堅持增產與節約并舉，把節約放在優先位置。這不僅是當前解決供需矛盾的迫切需要，也是緩解我國資源環境壓力的長遠之計。必須切實轉變經濟增長方式，各行各業都要杜絕浪費，降低消耗，提高資源利用效率，形成有利于節約資源的生產模式和消費方式，建設資源節約型社會。

合理調整投資與消費的關系，是今年宏觀調控的重要方面。我國消費在國內生產總值中的比重偏低，不利于國內需求的穩定擴大，不利于國民經濟持續較快增長和良性循環。要努力增加城鄉居民收入，提高居民購買力水平；加大收入分配調節力度，提高中低收入居民的消費能力；發展消費信貸，完善消費政策，改善消費環境；適應消費結構的變化，擴大服務消費領域，改善生產供給結構；各項改革措施要有利于增強消費者信心，形成良好的消費預期，增加即期消費。要通過不斷努力，逐步改變投資率偏高、消費率偏低的狀況。

（二）鞏固和加強農業基礎地位，實現農民增收和農業增產

解決農業、農村和農民問題，是我們全部工作的重中之重。當前，我國農業發展又處在一個關鍵時期。今年要按照統籌城鄉發展的要求，采取更直接、更有力的政策措施，加強農業，支持農業，保護農業，努力增加農民收入。

第一，保護和提高糧食綜合生產能力。實行最嚴格的耕地保護制度，依法加強耕地管理，堅決制止亂占濫用耕地，糾正隨意改變基本農田用途的現象。加快改革土地征收、征用制度，完善土地征收、征用程序和補償機制，確保占補平衡。擴大糧食播種面積，努力提高單產。重點支持主產區發展糧食生產，啟動優質糧食產業工程，建設穩產高產基本農田。

第二，推進農業和農村經濟結構戰略性調整。大力發展優質、高產、高效、生態、安全農業，提高農產品質量和競爭力。推進優勢農產品產業帶建設，促進農業產業化經營。積極發展畜牧業，切實做好高致病性禽流感等動物疫病的防治工作。發展農產品加工業等農村非農產業，壯大縣域經濟。穩步推進城鎮化，改善農民進城就業環境，加強農民工培訓，多渠道擴大農村勞動力轉移就業。

第三，繼續推進農村稅費改革。除煙葉外，取消農業特產稅，每年可使農民減輕負擔４８億元。從今年起，逐步降低農業稅稅率，平均每年降低１個百分點以上，五年內取消農業稅。今年農業稅率降低可使農民減輕負擔７０億元。為支持農村稅費改革，今年中央財政拿出３９６億元用于轉移支付。加快推進縣鄉機構等配套改革。

第四，深化糧食流通體制改革。全面放開糧食購銷市場，加快國有糧食企業改革，加強糧食市場管理和調控，對種糧農民實行直接補貼。今年國家從糧食風險基金中拿出１００億元，直接補貼種糧農民，以調動農民種糧的積極性。加強農業生產資料價格監管，保護農民利益。

第五，加大對農業和農村投入力度。各級政府都要增加對“三農”的投入。今年中央財政投入增加３００億元以上，比上年增長２０％以上。國債投資重點加強農村“六小工程”和農田水利建設，改善農民生產生活條件。繼續搞好農村扶貧開發，多渠道增加扶貧資金投入，擴大以工代賑規模。改進農村金融服務，農村信用社要增加農戶小額信用貸款和農戶聯保貸款，支持農民發展生產。

第六，加快農業科技進步。加強農業科研攻關，增強農業科技創新、儲備和轉化能力。加強農村科技推廣體系建設，大力推廣增產增效的先進適用技術，擴大農作物良種補貼范圍和規模。

（三）統籌區域協調發展，推進西部大開發和東北地區等老工業基地振興

促進區域協調發展，是我國現代化建設中的一個重大戰略問題。要堅持推進西部大開發，振興東北地區等老工業基地，促進中部地區崛起，鼓勵東部地區加快發展，形成東中西互動、優勢互補、相互促進、共同發展的新格局。

繼續實施西部大開發戰略，認真總結經驗，完善政策，落實各項措施，積極有序地推進。扎實搞好退耕還林、退牧還草、天然林保護、風沙源和石漠化治理等重點生態工程；加強基礎設施建設，重點抓好關系全局的重大項目，不斷增強經濟發展后勁，繼續抓好改善農牧民生產生活條件的小型工程建設；以義務教育、公共衛生和基層文化建設為重點，促進社會事業發展；積極發展特色經濟和優勢產業，推進重點區域和地帶開發。

認真實施東北地區等老工業基地振興戰略，今年要有一個良好的開端。落實中央的各項政策措施，突出體制機制創新，擴大對內對外開放。加快經濟結構調整和技術進步，著力抓好重點行業、重點企業的調整改造，做好資源型城市經濟轉型和采煤沉陷區治理工作。要堅持自力更生，艱苦創業，充分發揮廣大干部群眾的進取精神和創造精神。

加快中部地區發展是區域協調發展的重要方面。國家支持中部地區發揮區位優勢和經濟優勢，加快改革開放和發展步伐，加強現代農業和重要商品糧基地建設，加強基礎設施建設，發展有競爭力的制造業和高新技術產業，提高工業化和城鎮化水平。

東部地區加快發展，有利于增強國家財力、物力和科技實力，更好地支持中西部地區發展。要繼續發揮優勢，加快產業結構升級，進一步發展外向型經濟，有條件的地方要率先基本實現現代化。東、中、西部地區要加強多種形式的合作，在協調發展中逐步實現共同富裕。國家繼續采取措施，支持革命老區加快發展。

（四）繼續實施科教興國戰略，堅持走可持續發展之路

切實把教育放在優先發展的地位，用更大的精力、更多的財力加快教育事業發展。實施新一輪《教育振興行動計劃》，重點加強義務教育特別是農村教育。今年要啟動西部地區“兩基”攻堅計劃，到２００７年使西部地區基本普及九年義務教育，基本掃除青壯年文盲，中央財政將為此投入１００億元。要完善農村義務教育“以縣為主”的管理體制，中央財政和省、市（地）財政要增加對貧困縣義務教育的轉移支付。繼續實施第二期農村中小學危房改造，中央財政將投入６０億元。中央財政和地方財政還將加大投入，發展農村中小學現代遠程教育。優化教育結構，積極穩步發展高等教育，大力發展職業教育和繼續教育。各級各類學校都要全面貫徹黨的教育方針，加強素質教育，深化教育改革，提高教育質量。規范和發展民辦教育。堅決治理教育亂收費，切實減輕學生家庭負擔。

今年，要繼續集中力量完成國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃的編制，確定未來１５年我國科技發展戰略、目標、任務和政策。要推進科技體制改革和機制創新。加快國家創新體系和科技基礎設施建設，切實加強基礎研究。組織實施一批關系經濟社會發展全局的重大科技項目，促進科學技術與產業結合，推動高新技術產業化。堅持社會科學和自然科學并重，充分發揮哲學社會科學在經濟和社會發展中的重要作用。

認真實施人才強國戰略。大力培養、積極引進、合理使用各類人才，為現代化建設提供堅強的人才保證和智力支持。

積極實施可持續發展戰略，按照統籌人與自然和諧發展的要求，做好人口、資源、環境工作。穩定低生育水平，提高出生人口素質。完善基層計劃生育基礎設施和服務體系，切實加強流動人口計劃生育管理。做好老齡人口工作。認真實施全國生態環境保護和建設規劃，實施以生態建設為主的林業發展戰略。加大執法力度，強化生態環境監管，嚴格控制主要污染物排放，抓緊解決嚴重威脅人民群眾健康安全的環境污染問題。大力發展循環經濟，推行清潔生產。依法保護與合理利用國土資源。重視海洋資源開發與保護。加強水資源保護和節約利用。做好防災減災工作。

（五）加快衛生文化體育事業發展，加強精神文明建設

發展衛生事業，今年重點抓好三件事。一是加強公共衛生體系建設。力爭用三年時間，基本建成覆蓋城鄉、功能完善的疾病預防控制和醫療救治體系，提高應對重大傳染病等突發公共衛生事件的能力。要高度重視并采取堅決有力措施，做好非典型肺炎、艾滋病、血吸蟲病等重大傳染病的防治工作。二是改善農村醫療衛生條件，做好新型農村合作醫療制度試點工作。要切實把醫療衛生工作的重點放在農村，加強農村醫療衛生基礎設施和農村衛生隊伍建設，逐步改善農村缺醫少藥的狀況。要從各地實際出發，積極穩妥地推進新型農村合作醫療制度試點，逐步建立由政府組織和引導，農民自愿參加，個人、集體和政府多方籌資，以大病統籌為主的農民醫療互助共濟制度，確保農民群眾受益。三是積極推進城鎮醫療衛生體制改革試點。繼續改革城鎮職工基本醫療保險制度、醫療衛生和藥品生產流通體制。實行醫療機構分類管理，合理配置和有效使用衛生資源，發展社區衛生事業，改進醫療衛生服務。同時，在城鄉廣泛開展愛國衛生運動。

隨著我國經濟發展和社會進步，人民群眾的精神文化需求不斷增長，必須把文化建設擺到更加重要的位置。要大力發展社會主義先進文化。弘揚以愛國主義精神為核心的民族精神，特別要加強對青少年的思想道德教育。積極開展群眾性精神文明創建活動。加強農村、社區和企業等基層文化建設。普及科學知識，弘揚科學精神。倡導科學、健康、文明的生活方式。進一步發展文學藝術、新聞出版和廣播影視業，實施精品戰略，提供更多健康向上、人民群眾喜聞樂見的精神文化產品。抓緊制定文化體制改革總體方案和文化發展綱要。積極推動文化體制改革和機制創新，加大對公益性文化事業扶持力度，完善文化產業政策，發揮市場機制作用，促進文化事業和文化產業共同發展。搞好文物、檔案工作和自然、文化遺產保護工作。繼續加強文化市場和互聯網的建設與管理，堅持不懈地進行“掃黃”“打非”斗爭。積極擴大對外文化交流。廣泛開展全民健身運動，努力提高競技體育水平。繼續做好２００８年北京奧運會和２０１０年上海世界博覽會的準備工作。

（六）抓住有利時機，深化經濟體制改革

今年，要按照黨的十六屆三中全會決定的部署，有重點有步驟地推進改革，力求在一些重要方面取得新進展。

深化國有資產管理體制和國有企業改革。抓緊完善國有資產監督管理相關法規和實施辦法，研究建立國有資本經營預算制度和企業經營業績考核體系，進一步落實國有資產經營責任。積極推進國有企業規范的股份制改造，完善產權結構和法人治理結構，推動企業經營機制轉換。大力發展混合所有制經濟，逐步使股份制成為公有制的主要實現形式。繼續做好電信、電力、民航等行業的改革重組工作，穩步推進郵政、鐵路行業改革。推進市政公用事業的市場化進程。通過改革和發展，形成一批核心競爭力強、擁有自主知識產權和知名品牌的大公司大企業集團。繼續推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟。

大力發展和積極引導非公有制經濟。各級政府要抓緊清理和修訂限制非公有制經濟發展的法規和政策，落實放寬市場準入的措施。進一步研究制定鼓勵非公有制企業參與國有企業改組改造，進入基礎設施、公用事業及其他行業和領域的具體辦法。在投融資、稅收、土地使用和對外貿易等方面，采取措施保障非公有制企業與其他企業享受同等待遇。保護非公有制企業的合法權益，改進服務和監管，支持和鼓勵有條件的企業做強做大。加快推進現代產權制度建設。

推進金融體制改革。要加快國有獨資商業銀行改革，重點做好中國銀行和中國建設銀行股份制改造試點工作。其他商業銀行和政策性銀行也要深化改革。繼續搞好農村信用社改革試點，總結經驗，逐步擴大范圍。推進資本市場改革開放和穩定發展，擴大企業債券發行規模，逐步提高企業直接融資比重。繼續推進保險業改革，大力發展保險市場。完善銀行、證券、保險監管體制，加強相互配合，強化金融監管，維護金融穩健運行。

推進財稅體制改革。重點是逐步推行增值稅由生產型改為消費型，將設備投資納入增值稅抵扣范圍，促進企業技術進步，提高自主發展能力。今年在東北地區部分行業先行試點。抓緊制定配套措施，認真落實出口退稅機制改革方案。

推進投資體制改革。主要目標是：改革政府對企業投資的管理制度，按照“誰投資、誰決策、誰收益、誰承擔風險”的原則，擴大和落實企業投資自主權；合理界定政府投資職能，加強政府投資管理，建立政府投資責任追究制度；健全投資宏觀調控體系，改進調控方式，完善調控手段。經過努力，最終建立起市場引導投資、企業自主決策、銀行獨立審貸、融資方式多樣、中介服務規范、宏觀調控有效的新型投資體制。

加快社會信用體系建設。抓緊建立企業和個人信用信息征集體系、信用市場監督管理體系和失信懲戒制度。加大整頓和規范市場秩序的力度，重點是繼續抓好直接關系人民群眾身體健康和生命安全的食品、藥品等方面的專項整治。嚴厲打擊制售假冒偽劣產品、非法傳銷和商業欺詐行為。加大知識產權保護力度，依法懲處盜版侵權行為。嚴厲打擊偷逃騙稅、洗錢和走私等違法犯罪活動。

（七）適應新的形勢，提高對外開放水平

我們必須統籌國內發展與對外開放，充分利用國內國外兩個市場、兩種資源，拓展發展空間，積極主動地做好對外開放各項工作，增強參與國際合作和競爭的能力。

努力保持對外貿易適度增長。要繼續實施市場多元化戰略，堅持科技興貿，以質取勝，優化出口商品結構，促進加工貿易轉型升級。加強對外貿易協調，努力打破貿易壁壘，減少貿易摩擦，為企業爭取公平貿易的環境。深化涉外經濟體制改革，落實各類所有制企業的進出口經營自主權。增加國內短缺原材料、關鍵技術和重大設備的進口，推進重要物資進口來源多元化。要積極合理利用外資，著力提高利用外資質量。繼續實行鼓勵外商投資的政策措施，進一步改善投資環境。加快實施“走出去”戰略，加強對境外投資的協調和指導，鼓勵各類所有制企業采取多種形式到境外投資興業，拓展國際市場。積極開展多邊、雙邊和區域經濟合作。繼續認真履行加入世貿組織的各項承諾。

（八）加大就業和社會保障工作力度，進一步改善人民生活

千方百計增加就業是政府的重要職責。今年的預期目標是，新增城鎮就業９００萬人，下崗失業人員再就業５００萬人。繼續實施積極的就業政策，特別要把財政、信貸支持和稅費減免等政策真正落到實處。今年中央財政預算安排再就業補助資金８３億元，比去年增加３６億元。要拓展就業渠道，注重發展勞動密集型產業、中小企業和非公有制經濟，推行靈活多樣的就業方式，鼓勵自主創業和自謀職業。要健全再就業援助制度，政府出資開發的公益性崗位要優先安置就業困難人員。支持國有大中型企業通過主輔分離、輔業改制，分流安置富余人員。要重點做好老工業基地、資源枯竭城市和獨立工礦區以及軍工、煤炭、森工等行業下崗失業人員的再就業工作。完善就業服務體系，加強就業技能培訓、職業介紹和就業指導。今年仍是高校畢業生就業高峰年，退役軍人安置任務也很重，要認真做好就業指導和服務工作。

建立與我國國情相適應、與經濟發展水平相適應的社會保障體系，是一項重要而艱巨的任務。要繼續做好“兩個確保”工作，搞好“三條保障線”的銜接。穩步推進國有企業下崗職工基本生活保障向失業保險并軌。堅持社會統籌與個人賬戶相結合，完善職工基本養老保險制度。依法擴大社會保險覆蓋面，加強對各類參保企業社會保險費的征繳。各級政府要加強執法檢查力度。進一步做好城市“低保”工作，規范“低保”標準和范圍。繼續多渠道籌集并管好社會保障基金。在總結遼寧省完善城鎮社會保障體系試點工作的基礎上，將試點范圍擴大到黑龍江和吉林兩省。今年，中央財政安排用于“兩個確保”和城市“低保”的補助資金７７９億元，比去年增長１１．３％。地方財政也要增加這方面的投入。

對城鄉特殊困難群眾，要給予更多的關愛。繼續完善社會救助制度。切實幫助特殊困難家庭解決就醫看病、子女上學、住房、冬季取暖等實際困難。完善農村“五保戶”生活保障制度，確保供養資金。切實做好農村受災地區稅收減免和受災群眾生產生活救濟等工作。關心和支持殘疾人事業。

抓緊解決城鎮房屋拆遷和農村土地征用中存在的問題。在城鎮房屋拆遷中，要嚴格依據城市總體規劃和近期建設規劃，合理確定拆遷規模，規范審批程序，完善補償安置政策，強化監督檢查。在農村土地征用中，要嚴格控制征地規模，依法按規劃和程序征地，及時給予農民合理補償，切實保護農民合法權益。

切實保障農民工工資按時足額支付。當前要抓緊解決克扣和拖欠農民工工資問題。國務院決定，用三年時間基本解決建設領域拖欠工程款和農民工工資問題。清欠要從政府投資的工程做起，同時督促各類企業加快清欠。對拖欠農民工工資拒不支付的企業和經營者，要堅決依法查處。要建立健全及時支付農民工工資的機制，從源頭上防止新的拖欠。各類企業都要按時發放工資，嚴格執行最低工資制度。要保證機關事業單位工資和離退休費的按時足額發放，任何地方都不得出現新的拖欠。要嚴格工資專戶管理，財政資金要優先保證發放工資。

（九）加強民主法制建設，維護國家安全和社會穩定

積極穩妥地推進政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主，健全社會主義法制。進一步擴大基層民主，完善村民自治和城市居民自治，尊重基層和群眾的民主權利。堅持和完善職工代表大會和其他形式的企事業單位民主管理制度，保障職工的合法權益。

繼續做好民族、宗教、僑務工作。全面貫徹黨的民族政策，鞏固和發展平等、團結、互助的社會主義民族關系。加大對民族地區經濟社會發展的支持力度，加強少數民族各類人才培養，促進各民族共同繁榮發展。全面貫徹黨的宗教信仰自由政策，依法管理宗教事務，堅持獨立自主自辦的原則，積極引導宗教與社會主義社會相適應。進一步做好海外僑胞和歸僑、僑眷的工作，充分發揮他們在促進祖國統一和民族振興中的獨特作用。

加強政府立法工作。要重視社會管理和公共服務方面的立法。重點做好應對各種突發事件、保障農民權益、勞動就業和社會保障，以及社會事業發展方面的立法。要努力提高政府立法工作質量。研究擬定涉及人民群眾切身利益的重要法律草案和制定行政法規，要廣泛征求社會各方面的意見。加強律師、公證等法律服務，做好法律援助工作。依法保障婦女、未成年人和殘疾人的合法權益。加強普法宣傳教育，在全社會營造學法、懂法、守法的良好環境。

保障人民群眾安居樂業，是政府應盡的責任。要進一步落實社會治安綜合治理各項措施，推進社會治安防控體系建設。嚴厲打擊黑惡勢力犯罪、嚴重暴力犯罪、多發性侵財犯罪、毒品犯罪等。加大對突出治安問題和治安混亂地區的整治力度。完善政法經費保障機制，為政法機關正常開展工作提供必要條件。重視和加強反恐怖斗爭。深入開展同邪教組織的斗爭。正確處理新形勢下人民內部矛盾，健全預防、化解各種矛盾和糾紛的機制，重視做好人民群眾來信來訪工作，維護正常社會秩序和社會穩定。

要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，切實加強安全工作。強化安全生產監管，加強安全專項整治，落實安全防范措施，健全安全責任制。堅決查處各類安全事故，依法追究有關人員責任，維護法制和紀律的嚴肅性。

加強國防和軍隊現代化建設，是維護國家安全和全面建設小康社會的重要保障。要按照“政治合格、軍事過硬、作風優良、紀律嚴明、保障有力”的總要求，全面加強部隊建設。積極推進中國特色軍事變革，努力實現國防和軍隊現代化的跨越式發展。實施科技強軍戰略，重點加強高新技術武器裝備研制，培養高素質新型軍事人才，推進以信息化為主導、機械化為基礎的軍隊現代化建設，提高高技術條件下的整體防衛作戰能力。堅持依法治軍方針，加強正規化建設。堅持國防建設與經濟建設協調發展，提高國防建設整體效益。堅持軍民結合、寓軍于民的方針，積極推進國防科技工業改革、調整和發展，提高自主創新能力。精心做好軍隊體制編制調整改革工作，確保完成２００５年前裁減軍隊員額２０萬等各項任務。加強后勤建設和改革，提高后勤保障能力。進一步增強人民武裝警察部隊執勤和處置突發事件的能力。要大力加強國防教育，增強全民國防意識。積極支持國防和軍隊建設，搞好預備役部隊和民兵建設，建立和完善快速高效的國防動員體制。深入開展雙擁共建活動，加強軍政軍民團結。

三、加強政府自身建設

在全面建設小康社會的進程中，政府擔負著繁重而艱巨的任務。各級政府和領導干部必須適應新形勢新任務，不斷提高行政能力和管理水平。一年來，我們按照執政為民的要求和建設法治政府的目標，突出強調實行科學民主決策、堅持依法行政和加強行政監督三項基本準則，并認真貫徹執行。新的一年，我們要著力抓好以下幾個方面：

第一，推進政府職能轉變。各級政府要全面履行職能，在繼續搞好經濟調節、加強市場監管的同時，更加注重履行社會管理和公共服務職能。特別要加快建立健全各種突發事件應急機制，提高政府應對公共危機的能力。要加快政企分開，進一步把不該由政府管的事交給企業、社會組織和中介機構，更大程度地發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用。同時，加強對中介機構的規范和監管。政府該管的事一定要管好，并適應新形勢改進管理方式和方法，提高行政效能和工作效率。

第二，堅持科學民主決策。要進一步完善公眾參與、專家論證和政府決策相結合的決策機制，保證決策的科學性和正確性。加快建立和完善重大問題集體決策制度、專家咨詢制度、社會公示和社會聽證制度、決策責任制度。所有重大決策，都要在深入調查研究、廣泛聽取意見、進行充分論證的基礎上，由集體討論決定。這要作為政府的一項基本工作制度，長期堅持下去。

第三，全面推行依法行政。各級政府都要按照法定權限和程序行使權力、履行職責。所有政府工作人員都要學會并善于依法處理經濟社會事務。要改革行政執法體制，相對集中行政許可權和行政處罰權，推進綜合執法試點，解決多頭執法和亂罰款等問題。要加強行政執法監督，促進嚴格執法、公正執法和文明執法。實行執法責任制和執法過錯追究制，完善并嚴格執行行政賠償制度，做到有權必有責、用權受監督、侵權要賠償。《中華人民共和國行政許可法》今年７月１日將正式施行，這是規范政府行為的一部重要法律，各級政府必須認真執行。

第四，自覺接受人民監督。政府的一切權力都是人民賦予的，必須對人民負責，為人民謀利益，接受人民監督。只有人民監督政府，政府才不會懈怠。各級政府要自覺接受同級人民代表大會及其常委會的監督，接受人民政協的民主監督，認真聽取民主黨派、工商聯、無黨派人士和各人民團體的意見。同時，要接受新聞輿論和社會公眾監督；重視人民群眾通過行政復議、行政訴訟等法定渠道，對政府機關及其工作人員的監督；加強政府系統內部監督，支持監察、審計部門依法獨立履行監督職責。為便于人民群眾知情和監督，要建立政務信息公開制度，增強政府工作的透明度。

第五，加強政風建設和公務員隊伍建設。弘揚求真務實精神，樹立科學發展觀和正確的政績觀，是加強政風建設的一項重要內容。各級政府辦事情、作決策，都要符合中國現階段國情。必須堅持一切從實際出發，按客觀規律辦事，既要積極進取，又要量力而行，不盲目攀比；必須堅持辦實事，求實效，珍惜民力，不搞勞民傷財的“形象工程”；必須堅持察實情，講真話，不虛報浮夸；必須堅持統籌兼顧，立足當前，著眼長遠，不急功近利；必須堅持改進工作作風，精簡會議，減少文件，把更多時間和精力用于深入基層，調查研究。各項工作都要經得起實踐、群眾和歷史的檢驗。

公務員的素質決定著政府的管理水平和效率。要建設一支政治堅定、業務精通、清正廉潔、作風優良的公務員隊伍。這支隊伍要堅持解放思想，實事求是，與時俱進；牢固樹立執政為民的思想，保持同人民群眾的密切聯系，全心全意為人民服務；遵守憲法和法律，具有依法行政能力；忠于職守，努力學習，勤奮工作；遵守紀律和職業道德，誠信廉明，公道正派，甘于奉獻。各級政府都要從嚴治政，賞罰分明。要重視和加強公務員的培訓和考核工作。

加強廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭。要建立教育、制度、監督并重的預防和懲治腐敗體系。堅決查處違紀違法案件，堅決懲處腐敗分子，堅決糾正損害人民群眾利益的不正之風。全體政府工作人員特別是各級領導干部，都要繼續保持謙虛謹慎、不驕不躁的作風，繼續保持艱苦奮斗的作風。

各位代表！

維護香港、澳門長期穩定和繁榮發展，是我們堅定不移的目標。我們堅持“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，嚴格按照香港基本法和澳門基本法辦事，全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區行政長官和政府依法施政。廣泛團結港澳地區各界人士。切實做好內地與香港、澳門建立更緊密經貿關系安排的工作。我們對香港、澳門的前景充滿信心。

我們堅持“和平統一、一國兩制”的基本方針和現階段發展兩岸關系、推進祖國和平統一進程的八項主張。我們將積極推進兩岸人員往來和經濟、文化交流，促進直接“三通”，依法保護臺灣同胞在大陸的正當權益，繼續推動在一個中國原則基礎上恢復兩岸對話和談判。我們將以最大的誠意、盡最大的努力，實現祖國的和平統一。堅決反對任何形式的“臺獨”分裂活動，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺灣從中國分割出去。我們堅信，在包括臺灣同胞在內的全體中華兒女的不懈努力下，祖國完全統一的共同愿望，一定能夠早日實現！

各位代表！

當前，國際形勢繼續發生復雜、深刻的變化。和平與發展仍然是當今時代的主題。世界多極化、經濟全球化在曲折中發展，謀求和平與發展、促進合作與進步已成為不可阻擋的歷史潮流。但是，單邊主義傾向有新的發展，局部沖突不斷，國際恐怖主義活動頻繁，南北差距拉大，傳統和非傳統安全問題交織，給各國人民帶來嚴峻挑戰。

過去的一年，我們堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，把握機遇，應對挑戰，主動進取，對外工作成績顯著。我國在國際上贏得了更多的理解、信任、尊重和支持，國際地位和影響力進一步提高。

在新的一年，我們要繼續高舉和平、發展、合作的旗幟，堅定不移地奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持和平共處五項原則，推進與各國的友好交往與合作，努力爭取更好的國際環境和周邊環境。

我們要堅持促進世界多極化，倡導國際關系民主化和發展模式多樣化，促進經濟全球化朝著有利于各國共同繁榮的方向發展。要堅持互信、互利、平等、協作的新安全觀，反對霸權主義和強權政治，反對一切形式的恐怖主義，繼續推動建立公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序。

我們要深化同發展中國家的友好合作，探索合作的新渠道、新形式，支持廣大發展中國家聯合自強。

我們要堅持與鄰為善、以鄰為伴的方針，與周邊各國深化睦鄰友好合作，維護地區和平與穩定。

我們要不斷加強同發達國家的關系，努力尋求和擴大共同利益的匯合點，通過平等對話與磋商，逐步解決存在的分歧，促進相互關系的穩定發展。

我們要積極拓展多邊外交，在聯合國和其他國際及區域組織中發揮建設性作用。

中國政府和中國人民將始終站在人類正義事業的一邊，同各國人民一道，為維護世界和平、促進共同發展不懈奮斗。

各位代表！

新的一年，政府工作任務相當繁重，我們深感肩負的責任重大而光榮。全國人民對政府的信任和支持，給了我們無窮的力量和必勝的信心。我們堅信，在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，高舉鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想偉大旗幟，緊緊依靠全國各族人民，一定能夠克服各種艱難險阻，不斷把改革開放和社會主義現代化事業推向前進！(中國政府網)

第四篇：溫家寶政府工作報告

溫家寶政府工作報告

國務院總理溫家寶3月5日在十一屆全國人大四次會議上作政府工作報告時說，要更好地滿足人民群眾多層次多樣化文化需求，發揮文化引導社會、教育人民、推動發展的功能，增強

民族凝聚力和創造力。

溫家寶指出，加強公民道德建設，在全社會樹立中國特色社會主義的共同理想和信念，加快構建傳承中華傳統美德、符合社會主義精神文明要求、適應社會主義市場經濟的道德和行為規范。加強誠信體系建設，建立相關制度和法律法規。增強公共文化產品供給和服務能力，重點加強中西部地區和城鄉基層的文化基礎設施建設，繼續實施文化惠民工程。扶持公益性文化事業，加強文化遺產保護、利用和傳承。進一步繁榮哲學社會科學。發展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術、檔案事業。加強對互聯網的利用和管理。深化文化體制改革，積極推進經營性文化單位轉企改制。大力發展文化產業，培育新型文化業態，推動文化產業成為國民經濟支柱性產業。大力開展全民健身活動，促進群眾體育和競技體育協調發展。加強對外

文化體育交流與合作。

《 人民日報 》（2011年03月06日03 版）

第五篇：2010 溫家寶政府工作報告(英文版)

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the Third Session

of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2010

Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council

Fellow Deputies，On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.I.Review of Work in 2009

The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 530.82 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms.Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased 30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development.We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1 million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production capacity of 16.91 million tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting industry, 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects, and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38 %, and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning, as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development, and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment.We encouraged increases in imports.Since the second half of last year, falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties-a historic step forward in the development of China's social security system.The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%.Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person.We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.We increased subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients.The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year.We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1.3 million housing units in different types of run-down areas.Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%.We strengthened the social security system.We made education more equitable.We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%.We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule.We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers.We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors.We constantly improved the national student financial aid system, which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5 %.A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance, and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached 830 million people.The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises.The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions.Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers.We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B.We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety.Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A(H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people's lives and maintained normal order in society.It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy.They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization.In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development, vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market's vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system's advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings.We must balance long-and short-term interests, take into account long-and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems.We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development.We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert.We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people's wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice;make improving people's wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development;strive to safeguard fairness and justice;ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development;and promote social harmony and stability.We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities.While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties.All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.II.Main Tasks for 2010

This is a crucial year for continuing to deal with the global financial crisis, maintaining steady and rapid economic development, and accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development.It is also an important year for achieving all the targets of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and laying a solid foundation for development on the basis of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.Although this year's development environment may be better than last year's, we still face a very complex situation.Some positive changes and negative influences are growing while others are diminishing.Short-term and long-term problems are interwoven, domestic and international factors mutually affect each other, and the dilemmas facing economic and social development are increasing.Internationally, the global economy will hopefully turn around.International financial markets are stabilizing, and the overall trend toward increased economic globalization has not changed.Considerable changes and adjustments in the world economic structure will bring new development opportunities.At the same time, many destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain in our external environment.The foundation for global economic recovery remains weak;financial risks have not been completely eliminated;individual countries face difficult choices in phasing out their stimulus policies;larger fluctuations may occur in the prices of major commodities and exchange rates among the major currencies;trade protectionism is clearly reasserting itself;and global problems such as climate change, food security and energy and resource supplies remain complex.Domestically, our country is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.The foundation for economic turnaround is becoming stronger, market confidence has increased, the policy we adopted to boost domestic demand and improve people's wellbeing continues to show results, and enterprises are constantly becoming more competitive and better able to adapt to market changes.Nevertheless, there are still some serious problems affecting economic and social development.There is insufficient internal impetus driving economic growth;our independent innovation capability is not strong;there is still considerable excess production capacity in some industries and it is becoming more difficult to restructure them;while the pressure on employment is constantly growing overall, there is a structural shortage of labor;the foundation for keeping agricultural production and farmers' incomes growing steadily is weak;latent risks in the banking and public finance sectors are increasing;and major problems in the areas of healthcare, education, housing, income distribution and public administration urgently require solutions.We must make a comprehensive and correct judgment of the situation, and we must not interpret the economic turnaround as a fundamental improvement in the economic situation.We need to strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, make full use of favorable conditions and positive factors, strive to resolve problems, make even more thorough preparations to deal with risks and challenges of all kinds, and firmly keep the initiative in our work.To do a good job of our government work this year, we need to conscientiously implement the guiding principles of the Seventeenth National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the Seventeenth Central Committee;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development;strive to apply macro-control appropriately and maintain steady and rapid economic development;work hard to accelerate economic restructuring and the transformation of the pattern of economic development;press ahead with reform and opening up and with independent innovation;strive to improve people's wellbeing and to promote social harmony and stability;make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development;pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects;and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.This year the main targets we have set for economic and social development are: increasing GDP by approximately 8%, creating jobs for more than 9 million people entering the urban workforce, keeping the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than 4.6%, holding the rise in consumer prices to around 3%, and improving the balance of payments.Here I would like to stress that in targeting a GDP increase of around 8%, we are emphasizing sound development, and we need to guide all sectors to focus on transforming the pattern of economic development and restructuring the economy in their work.By targeting an increase in consumer prices of around 3%, we are giving full consideration to the carry-over effects of last year's price changes, the reverberations caused by price changes for major international commodities, the continued impact of increases in domestic supplies of money and credit, and consumers' ability to bear price increases, while also leaving room for reform in resource and environment taxes and fees and in the pricing of resource products.This year we will focus on the following eight areas.1.Exercising better macro-control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development

We need to continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We need to maintain continuity and stability in our policies while constantly making them better-targeted and more flexible as circumstances and conditions change, and keep a good grasp of the intensity, pace and focus of their implementation.We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.We not only need to maintain sufficient policy intensity and consolidate the momentum of the economic turnaround, but we also need to accelerate economic restructuring and make substantive progress in transforming the pattern of economic development.In addition, we need to manage inflation expectations well and keep the overall level of prices stable.We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.First, we will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels.This year, we have projected a deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.These arrangements are based mainly on the consideration that this year revenue will fall significantly short of expenditures.Regarding revenue, last year's one-off measures to increase revenue will either not be repeated or will be decreased.We also need to continue to implement the policy of structural tax reductions;consequently, revenue will not increase very quickly.Regarding expenditures, we will continue to implement the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete work on projects now under construction, strengthen weak links, carry forward reform, improve people's wellbeing and maintain stability.Second, we will continue to implement the structural tax reduction policy to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.Third, we will improve the structure of expenditures, maintain expenditures in some areas while reducing them in others, and spend our money where it counts the most.We will continue to give preference to agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, and to improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs.We will support energy conservation, environmental protection, independent innovation, and development in underdeveloped areas.We will strictly control regular expenditures, and do all we can to reduce public spending.Fourth, we will effectively improve government debt management, strengthen internal and external restraints, and effectively guard against and fend off latent public finance risks.In addition, we need to strengthen tax collection and supervision as well as supervision of non-tax revenue in accordance with the law, strictly crack down on tax fraud, and collect all due taxes.We will continue to implement a moderately easy monetary policy.First, we will ensure that there are proper and sufficient supplies of money and credit.This year's target for expanding the broad money supply(M2)is around 17%, and we will increase the total quantity of renminbi loans by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.Although both of these increases are less than the actual increases last year, they are still moderately easy policy goals, and they can satisfy reasonable financial demands of economic and social development.In addition, these goals are beneficial for managing inflation expectations and making financial support for economic development more sustainable.Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will implement a credit policy that guarantees credit in some areas and limits it in others;increase support for important areas and weak links;effectively alleviate the difficulties farmers and small businesses have in obtaining financing;and strictly control loans to industries that are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled with overcapacity.We will strengthen post-loan supervision and ensure that loans are used to support the real economy.Third, we will actively expand direct financing.We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets, increase financing by selling equities and issuing bonds, and better satisfy the diverse demand for investment and financing.Fourth, we will strengthen risk management and make financial oversight and supervision more effective.We will explore ways to establish a system of prudent macro management, strengthen the monitoring of the cross-border flow of capital, and guard against all kinds of financial risks.We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will energetically expand consumer demand.We will continue to increase farmers' incomes, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, allowances to some entitled groups, subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and people's purchasing power, especially low-and middle-income earners.We will strengthen and expand traditional consumption, and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption, such as information, tourism, culture, fitness, training, services for the elderly and household services.We will increase consumer credit.We will strengthen infrastructure, such as the logistics system, and vigorously develop e-commerce.We will overhaul and standardize markets to create a convenient, safe and worry-free environment for consumers.We will continue to implement and improve all of our policies and measures for encouraging consumption.We will considerably raise the maximum price limits for home appliances sold in the countryside, increase types of appliances and models eligible for subsidies, expand the scope of subsidies, improve the criteria for qualifying for subsidies and the way subsidies are granted, strengthen supervision and evaluation of enterprises that win bids for contracts, and raise the quality of products and services.We will improve the policies for getting consumers to trade-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and getting rural residents to buy motor vehicles, and set the purchase tax for small-displacement automobiles at 7.5%.We must implement these policies and measures, do meaningful work and do it well, and make sure the benefits reach the people.We will strive to improve the investment structure.Government investment at all levels needs to be concentrated in the most important areas, and the launching of new projects must be strictly controlled.It should be used mainly for carrying on and completing projects, and we need to ensure that projects are not stopped midway.We will steadily move forward with the recovery and reconstruction of quake-hit areas, and make sure quality and quantity targets are met.We will encourage greater non-government investment, and improve and implement policies to achieve this goal.We will strengthen and improve the supervision of investment;strictly enforce market entry standards and industrial policies concerning land use, energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety;and effectively prevent redundant construction.For projects financed through the public treasury, relevant departments need to exercise oversight of the entire course of the project, and we must prevent the construction of image and vanity projects that waste manpower and money in the name of boosting domestic demand.We will adhere to scientific and democratic decision making, and ensure that public funds are spent on projects that promote economic and social development and improve people's lives and that will stand the test of practice and history 2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development.We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries.First, we will intensify technological upgrading.We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption.Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises.We will break industry monopolies, remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises in acquiring ones in financial difficulties, and close down backward production facilities more quickly.Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality.We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems, focusing on brands, standards, service, and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility.We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China's products to a new level.We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance.The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution.It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the economic, scientific and technological high ground;therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities, and achieve results.We need to vigorously develop new energy sources, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries.We will make substantive progress in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things.We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly revise the criteria for classifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them and bases for small business startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises.The central government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development.A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented.Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will improve the credit assessment system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan risk compensation fund for them.We will allow full tax deductions for loan loss reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting business tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for losses from taxation.We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.We will accelerate the development of the service sector.We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy.We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial design, commerce, energy conservation, and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries.We will also develop public utilities, real estate, and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people's wellbeing.We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services.In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services.We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair, and standardized system for licensing service providers and encourage the participation of non-government capital.We will further improve policies for promoting development in the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for service industries encouraged by the state to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emissions.First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption, especially in industry, transportation, and construction.We will make solid progress in the ten major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make saving energy a good habit throughout society.We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal.We will rapidly develop and employ desulphurization equipment for every coal-fired power generating unit.Second, we will strengthen environmental protection.We will work to improve the environment in key watersheds and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution.In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.For the circular economy, we will support R&D in technology, demonstrations and applications, and capacity building.We will save energy, water, land and materials.We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources.We will rationally develop, utilize, and protect marine resources.Fourth, we will actively respond to climate change.We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects.We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies;promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies;develop new and renewable energies;and intensify development of smart power grids.We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.923 million hectares.We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.We will participate in international cooperation to address climate change and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change.We will promote balanced economic development between regions.We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development.We will accelerate growth of development priority zones.We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region.We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and making access to basic public services more equal.3.Improving the balance between urban and rural development and strengthening the foundation for the development of agriculture and rural areas

After six consecutive years of increases in grain output and rural incomes, it is vital we sustain our good work in the areas of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.In accordance with the requirements for balancing urban and rural development, we need to make solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all our work;further strengthen our policies to aid agriculture and benefit farmers;coordinate industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural and rural modernization;and consolidate and build upon the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.We will promote the steady development of agriculture and a continuous increase in rural incomes.We will keep grain production stable;expand the total area sown with oilseed;increase supplies of important agricultural products in short supply;implement a large-scale effort to increase the production of grain, cotton, oilseed, and sugar;standardize farming practices in horticulture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture;and ensure the security of the “rice bag”(grain supply)and “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply).We will continue to provide direct subsidies for grain producers, and increase general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies and subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties and agricultural machinery and tools.The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for this purpose, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.We will further raise minimum grain purchase prices.The minimum prices of early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice will be raised by 3 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan per 50 kilograms respectively, and the minimum price of wheat will be raised by 3 yuan per 50 kilograms.We will continue to implement the policy of purchasing and temporarily stockpiling major agricultural products and give farmers more tangible benefits.We will increase fiscal support for major grain-producing, pork-producing, and cattle farming counties.We will vigorously develop the processing industry for agricultural products, promote industrialization in agriculture, support the upgrading and renovation of wholesale markets and markets for farm produce, and promote closer linkage between production and the market.We will help rural residents find jobs or start their own businesses, and increase rural incomes through a variety of channels.We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelessly to eradicate poverty and backwardness so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.We will strengthen agricultural infrastructure.We will continue to give high priority in government spending to supporting agricultural and rural development.In the budget, our priority for fixed asset investment will be agricultural infrastructure and projects that improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and our priority for use of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights will be developing agricultural land and building rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 818.3 billion yuan for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, an increase of 93 billion yuan over last year, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment.We will comprehensively implement the plan to increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms nationwide, with the emphasis on major grain-producing regions.Focusing on water conservancy, we will improve agricultural infrastructure, accelerate related upgrades of large and medium-sized irrigated areas, expand the area in which water-conserving irrigation methods are used, create high-grade cropland, and finish reinforcing dilapidated large, medium-sized, and key small reservoirs.With the focus on breeding improved crop varieties, we will accelerate innovation in agricultural technology and the widespread adoption of scientific and technological advances, and carry out a major science and technology project to create new crop varieties using gene transfer technology.We will move forward with the construction of modern agriculture demonstration sites.We will accelerate the development of public services for extending agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases, and providing quality oversight of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions.We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system;quickly improve relevant laws, regulations and policies;and maintain existing land contract relationships over the long term.We will strengthen supervision of and services for the transfer of contracted land-use rights, and develop diverse large-scale farming operations on the basis of legal, voluntary, and compensated transfers of land-use rights.We will continue to carry out comprehensive rural reform, improve supporting policies for the reform of tenure in collective forests, and launch the reform of state tree farms.We will continue to reform the basic system for the use of grasslands, develop specialized farmer cooperatives, improve the organization of agriculture, more quickly develop small rural financial institutions, actively promote micro-credit loans in rural areas, and improve rural financial services.We will also deepen reforms in township and town government departments.We will balance promoting urbanization and building a new countryside.We will keep to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities;increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns;ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas;and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.We will strengthen county economies, improve infrastructure and environmental protection in county towns and hub towns, guide an orderly flow of nonagricultural industries and rural people to small towns, and encourage returned rural migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns.When developing urban and rural areas, we must adhere to the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing land use to genuinely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.We will carry out reform of the household registration system and relax requirements for household registration in towns and small and medium-sized cities.We will solve employment and living problems rural migrant workers face in cities and towns in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually ensure that they receive the same treatment as urban residents in areas such as pay, children's education, healthcare, housing, and social security.We will further increase spending on the development of rural work and living facilities, begin a new round of upgrades of rural power grids, expand the construction of rural methane facilities, provide safe drinking water to another 60 million rural people, carry out the project to build a clean countryside, and improve working and living conditions there.We will allow eligible workers who have left agricultural work to gradually become urban residents, and develop a beautiful rural environment where farmers can live a happy life.4.Fully implementing the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development

Education, science, and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also at the core of overall national strength.We will give high priority to the development of education.For a country to become strong, it must first strengthen education.First-class education is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and building a great country.We will promptly begin to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development.We will focus on the following five areas.First, we will advance education reform.We need to emancipate our minds, boldly make breakthroughs and innovations, encourage experimentation, and carry out a systematic reform of the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.We will continue to give top priority to cultivating the integrity of students and vigorously promote well-rounded education.We will explore systems of school management and ways of providing education that are suitable for different types of education and the development of people with different skills, so that we run schools better and turn out better graduates.We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools in order to meet people's diverse demands for education.Second, we will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.On the basis of a rational allocation of resources, we will accelerate the renovation of junior secondary school buildings in the central and western regions.We will also accelerate implementation of the nationwide program for safe primary and secondary school buildings, and ensure that buildings, equipment and teaching staff in all schools reach established standards as soon as possible.We will provide multimedia distance learning facilities for rural primary and secondary schools so that children living in the vast rural and remote areas have access to quality education resources.We will improve preschool education and develop special education schools.We will increase educational support for ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.Third, we will continue to strengthen vocational education.With the goal of helping students find jobs, we will integrate education resources, improve teaching methods, and focus on nurturing students' employability and entrepreneurial abilities.Fourth, we will reform the management and admissions systems of institutions of higher learning.We will give them more decision-making power, encourage them to adjust their majors and curricula to meet employment needs and the needs of economic and social development;more intimately integrate personnel training, scientific and technological innovation, and academic development;inspire their teachers to concentrate on education;and become high-level universities with their own distinctive features.We will develop a number of first-class universities that produce outstanding personnel.The central government will increase support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions.Fifth, we will improve the ranks of our teachers.We will take a variety of measures to attract outstanding personnel to pursue careers in education and devote their lives to it.We will focus on strengthening training for teachers and principals of rural compulsory education schools, and encourage excellent teachers to teach in impoverished rural areas.We will intensify education to improve the professional ethics of our teachers, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission.Hundreds of millions of families place their hopes for a better life on education, and education has a direct bearing on the quality of the nation and the future of the country.A country cannot become strong and prosperous if it does not make education universal and improve its quality.We must always keep this in mind.We will vigorously develop science and technology.We need to earnestly implement the policy of independent innovation, and comprehensively build an innovative country.We need to accelerate the implementation of our major science and technology programs.We need to concentrate on making breakthroughs in key scientific and technological problems that can drive the technological revolution forward and promote industrial invigoration, in major scientific and technological problems related to public welfare that can improve people's health and the quality of their lives, and in problems in strategic, high-tech fields that can enhance our country's international competitiveness and safeguard our national security.We will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the fields of biology, nanoscience, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.We will deepen the reform of the system for managing science and technology;strive to bridge the gap between science and technology and the economy;promote the development of a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated;and promote optimal allocation, open sharing, and highly efficient use of scientific and technological resources.We will vigorously implement the strategy for intellectual property rights and strengthen the creation, application and protection of them.We will further arouse the creativity of scientists, engineers and all of society.We will accelerate the development of human resources.Talented personnel are the primary resources.We need to develop all types of human resources in a coordinated and all-round way, with the focus on producing innovative scientists and engineers, and experts and professionals in key areas of economic and social development, and energetically attract high-caliber personnel from overseas.We will set up a mechanism for diversifying funding for personnel training, so that the government, nongovernmental bodies, employers and employees all do their part.We will make full use of the basic role of market forces in allocating human resources, strive to create an institutional environment conducive to bringing forth talented people in large numbers and tapping their full potential, and make our country rich in human resources.