第一篇：浙江科技學院自動化專業英語期末考試1

An energy source(a primary or secondary cell, a generator, and the like)convertschemical mechanical,thermal or some other form of energy into electric energy.An energy

converter, also called load(such as a lamp, heating appliance, or electric motor), converts electric energy into light，heat mechanical work，and so on.電源（如原生電池、再生電池和發電機等）將化學能、熱能或其他形式的能量轉換城電能。能量轉換器（也稱作負載，比如燈泡、取暖器及發電機等）將電能轉換成光、熱和機械等能量

AC.circuit analysis involves the addition of harmonic time functions having the same

frequencies but different peak values and epoch angles.Direct addition of such functions.Would call for unwieldy trigonometric transformations.Simpler approaches are provided bythe Argand diagram(graphical solution)and by the method of complex numbers(analytical solution)

交流電路的分析包括對有相同頻率、不同幅值和初相角的諧振時間函數的加法。這些函數的直接相加將要求用到復雜的三角轉換。簡單的方法是采用阿爾岡圖法（圖解法）和復數方法（解析方法）

The entire system of Boolean algebra can be built up using combinations of only three

basic functions, the logic AND,the logic OR,and the logic NOT(or negation).Any Boolean equation can be realized by some combination of these three basic functions.These three

bsic functions will be discussed in detail below.布爾代數的整個系統都可以由三個基本函數邏輯‘與’‘或‘‘非’組合構成。任何一個布爾等式可由這三個基本函數中的一部分組合而成，以下將詳細討論這三個基本函數。Many types of automatic control systems have appeared during the twentieth century，based on electronic mechanical, hydraulic and fluidic principles.In each case the design techniques have been similar because each component of the system usually contributes a single well defined function to the system behaviors

在20世紀，出現了許多種基于電子、機械、液壓和流體原理的自動控制系統。由于系統中的每一元件通常對系統的運轉狀態只起單一 確定的功能，各種類型系統的設計技術是相似的 The first advantage has already been mentioned;the large scale integration of

electronic systems has reduced the number of components which are used, leading to an increasein the overall reliabilityof the system and a reduction in assembly costs.The decreasein size which results from largescale integration means that the equipment based onmicrocomputers is usually much smaller, lighter, and more robust than that using older technologies.第一個優點已經提到過了，就是電子系統的大規模集成已經降低了所用的元件數量，促使系統的總體可靠性的提高和裝配費用的降低。由于大規模集成引起的尺寸減小意味著基于微計算機的設備功能通常要小得多，輕得多，并且比用舊技術制成的設備要更為強大Electronic systems are used forihandling information in the most general sense;This

information may be the telephone conversation, the instrument reading or ‘the company’saccounts, but in each case the same main types of operation are involved;the processing, the storage and the transmission of information.In conventional electronic design,Theseoperations are combined at the function level;for example, a counter, Whether electronicor mechanical, stores the current count and increments it by one as required.A systemsuch as an electronic clock which employs counters has its storage and processing capabilities spread throughout the system because each counter is able to store and process numbers.廣義的說，電子系統是用于處理信息的，這種信息可以是電話交談、儀器讀數或企業賬戶，但是各種情況下都涉及相同的主要操作：信息處理、儲存和傳送。在常規的電子設計中，這些操作都是以功能平臺方式組合起來的，列如計算器，無論是電子還是機械的，都要儲存當前值，并按要求將該值增1.諸如采用計數器的電子鐘之類的任一系統要使其存儲和處理能力遍布整個系統，因為每個計數器都能存儲和處理一些數字。

Microcomputers use RAM(Random Access Memory), into which data can be written

and from which data can be read again when needed.This data can be read back from

thememory in any sequence desired, and not necessarily the same order in which it was written, hence the expression ‘ random’ access memory.Another type of memory ROM(Read

Qnty Memory)is used to hold fixed patterns of information which cannot be affected by

the microprocessor;these patterns are not lost when power is removed and are normally

used to hold the program which defines the behavior of a microprocessor based system.ROMs can be read like RAMs, but unlike RAMs they cannot be used to store variable information.Some ROMs have their data patterns put in during manufacture, while othersare programmable by the user by means of special equipment and are called programmableROMs.The widely used programmable ROMs are erasable by means of special ultravioletlamps and are referred to as EPROMs, short for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memories.Other new types of device can be erased electrically without the need for ultravioletlight, which are called Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memories, EEPROMs

計算機常使用RAM（隨機存取存儲器），在RAM中數據可被寫入，并且在需要時可再次被讀出。這種數據能以任一所希望的次序從存儲器中讀出，不必按寫入時的相同次序，所以有“隨機”存取存儲器。另一類ROM（只讀存儲器）用來保持不受微處理器影響的固定的信息標本；這些標本在電源切斷后不會丟失，并通常用來保存規定微處理器化系統運轉過程的程序。ROM可像RAM一樣被讀取，但與RAM不一樣的是不能用來存儲可變信息。有些ROM在制造時將其數據標本放入，而另外的則可通過特殊的設備由用戶編程，所以稱為可編程ROM。被廣泛使用的可編程ROM可利用特殊紫外線燈擦除，并被稱為EPROM，即可擦除可編程只讀存儲器的縮寫。另有新類型的器件不必用紫外線燈而用電擦除，所以被稱為電可擦除可編程只讀存儲器EEPROM。

To employ feedback control, we must first measure the condition we wish to maintain at the desired standard.The condition(variable)may be temperature, pressure, flow,level ,conductivity , pH, moisture content, or the like.要應用反饋控制，我們首先必須測出所要維持的某個期望標準的對應狀態。這狀態（變量）可是溫度、壓力、流量、物位、電導體、pH值、濕度或類似。

System models can be developed by two distinct methods.Analytical modeling consists of a systematic application of basic physical laws to system components and the interconnection of these components.Experimental modeling, or modeling by synthesis, is the

selection of mathematical relationship which seems to fit observed input-output data.系統的模型可以通過兩類截然不同的方法來建立。解析模型是將物理學基本定律系統性地應用于系統各組成部分及其相互之間的關聯關系進而獲取結果的方法。經驗建模，或叫綜合建模，是一種通過尋找數學關系而建立模型的方法，這種數學關系應該能夠與輸入-輸出觀測數據相配合。

第二篇：摘要——浙江科技學院自動化專業英語期末考試

摘要：對樓宇自動化安防系統進行了研究，提出了一種基于LonWorks總線的分布式控制系統，介紹了系統的工作原理、網絡構成、硬件功能和通信實現。

樓宇自動化安防系統the security system of building automation總線 bus

分布式控制系統Distributed control system工作原理the operational principle

網絡構成the network configuration硬件功能the hardware function

The research is carried out for the safety system of building automation in the paper.A distributed control mode based on LonWorks bus is proposed.The performing principle of the system，the configuration of the network, the function of hardware and the realization of communication are introduced.老師翻譯The security system of building automation is studied.ALonWorks bus based distributed control system is proposed.The system operational principle, network configuration, hardware function and realization of communication are discussed.A temperature control system was proposed employing proportional valve in order to retain the constant oil temperature in a large hydraulic system.The mathematic model of temperature was conducted based on laws of thermodynamics.Fuzzy PID strategy was employed in the real system.Results show that the fuzzy PID controller can reach control accuracy of 45±1 ℃.Compared with conventional PID controller, the fuzzy PID controller can achieve higher control accuracy, faster response and stronger robustness in oil temperature controloflarge hydraulic system

針對某大型液壓系統的油溫恒定需求，分析系統發熱的數學模型和油液溫度變化的滯后特性，提出一套運用比例水閥連續調節板式換熱器冷卻水量的大型液壓系統油溫控制方法．在MATLAB仿真環境中，比較分析使用常規PID和參數自整定模糊PID算法的油溫控制特性．仿真結果表明，模糊PID控制器具有不依賴系統模型、響應快、控制精度高的優點，且易于PLC實現．將模糊PID控制方案應用于實際系統中，實驗結果表明，參數自整定模糊PID控制器能夠克服油溫的大時滯、非線性變化，使得油液溫度有效控制在45±1℃；參數自整定模糊PID控制器的響應速度、控制精度均優于常規PID，適合應用于大流量液壓系統的油溫控制．

We consider the problem of automatically recognizing human faces from frontal views with varying expression and illumination, as well as occlusion and disguise.We cast the recognition problem as one of classifying among multiple linear regression models and argue that new theory from sparse signal representation offers the key to addressing this problem.This new framework provides new insights into two crucial issues in face recognition: feature extraction and robustness to occlusion.We conduct extensive experiments on publicly available databases to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.我們考慮的問題從正面視圖自動識別人臉不同表達和照明,以及阻塞和偽裝。

我們把識別問題的分類之間的多元線性回歸模型,認為新理論從稀疏信號表示提供了解決這一問題的關鍵。

這個新的框架提供了新的見解在人臉識別的兩個關鍵問題:特征提取和健壯性閉塞。我們在公開數據庫進行大量實驗驗證該算法的有效性。

A disturbance observer based BP-PID controller was designed in order to enhance

thecontrol precision of furnace temperature.An equivalent compensation was introduced in the input of the BP-PID controller to form a new controller…

The controller can automatically adapt to each kind of working condition and maintains very high precision at stable state.The controller can strongly inhibit from the large range of payload disturbances.設計了一個基于擾動觀測器的BP-PID控制器以提高爐溫的控制精度。

介紹了一個等價補償輸入的BP-PID控制器組建一個新的控制器…

控制器可以自動適應各種工況在穩定狀態和保持非常高的精度。控制器可以從大范圍的強烈抑制負載擾動。

為了盡可能降低不穩定特征點對識別率的影響,研究提出了基于序列圖像提取穩定特征點的虹膜識別算法。該算法

首先用二維Gabor濾波器對序列虹膜圖像提取特征編碼,然后對該序列特征編碼求交集以提取穩定特征點,并利用這些穩定特

征點建立虹膜的特征模板庫,最后通過計算相似度,獲得識別結果。在實驗室采集的序列虹膜圖庫上,當等錯率為0.3017%,分類閾值為0.6402時,正確識別率可以達到99.73%。實驗證明該算法是有效、可行的,并更好地提高了虹膜的分類精度和改善了虹膜的識別性能。

As much as possible in order to reduce the influence of the unstable characteristic points on recognition rate, and to study the optimum extraction was proposed based on image sequences stable feature points of iris recognition algorithm.The proposed algorithm

First 2 d Gabor filter of serial iris images was used to extract feature encoding, then the characteristics of the sequence coding for intersection stable to extract feature points, and using the stable

Indications point to establish the iris feature template library, finally by computing the similarity, to obtain recognition results.Acquisition sequence of iris gallery in the laboratory, when such fault rate is 0.3017%,Classification threshold is 0.6402, the correct recognition rate can reach 99.73%.Experiments prove that the algorithm is effective and feasible, and better improve the classification precision of the iris and improved the iris recognition performance.重要句型

We consider the problem of ……?我們考慮的問題……

This paper presents …, an algorithm that…?一個算法,提出了……

In this paper, we provide two different solutions to the problem of……

在本文中,我們提供了兩種不同的解決方案的問題…

We propose an …based algorithm.?我們提出一個基于…算法。

Based on……, we propose a general algorithm for…基于…我們提出一個通用的算法 This framework can handle errors due to……這個框架能夠處理錯誤由于

We first simplify this system by…and then solve the system by two alternative techniques.The first one is based on…and the second one on…

我們首先簡化該系統由兩個可選…然后解決系統技術。第一個是基于…和第二個… a key issue is…

A new … is proposed for…提出了一個新的…

We demonstrate that our solutions are efficient, robust, and practical by experiments on synthetic and real data.我們證明我們的解決方案是有效的,健壯的,和實際實驗合成和真實的數據。

Experimental results demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the algorithm on both simulated and real-world data.實驗結果證明該算法的優點和局限性對模擬和實際數據

We conduct extensive experiments ……to verify…我們進行廣泛的實驗…來驗證…

Results from simulations and experiments show the improved performance of the proposed仿真和實驗結果表明提出的改進的性能

algorithm when compared with that of…算法相比與…

第三篇：自動化專業英語

1)the parameterization of the0controller0isC=X+MQ/Y-NQ。where N,M are right coprime factors of P,X,Y satisfy NX+MY=1,Q∈RH∞

2)According to the right coprime factorization of P, N=,M=,X=,Y=By the performance of the closed-loop system

N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0，So take Q in the form Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+

1)2

we can get the solution of Q。x1=,x2=,x3=,Q=Finally,the controller is C=

步驟:S=1-λ/λ代人 P(λ)=λ2/6λ2-5λ+1

X=-q2/r2 ,y=1+q1q2/r2 λ=1/s﹢1

N(S)=1/(s+1)2

M(s)=(s-1)(s-2)/(s+1)2 X(s)=19s-11/s+1Y(s)=s+6/s+1

C=X+MQ/Y-NQ

N(0)[X(0)+M(0)Q(0)]=1 N(10j)[Y(10j)-N(10j)Q(10j)]=0

Q(0)=6，Q(10j)=-94+70j Q(s)=x1+x2·1/s+1+x3·1/(x+

1)2

x1=-79 x2=-723 x3=808 Q(s)=(-79s2-881s+6)/(s+1)2C(s)=[-60s4-598s32

2+2515s-1794s+1]/[s(s+100)(s+9)]

A control system is stable if the number of encirclements of the(-1,0)point by the GH plot is equal to the number of poles of GH with positive real parts.The direction of encirclement must be in a direction opposite to τs.GH is on open loop transfer function.τs is open right half of s-plane.一個控制系統是穩定的數量是否包圍的(1,0)點的GH圖的數量相等的兩極與積極的真實部分GH。被包圍的方向都必須在一個τs的相反方向。

“GH”是在開環傳遞函數上。τs在s-plane的右半平面開放。

二．The process of designing a control system generally involves many steps.A typical scenario is as follows:

1.Study the system to be controlled and decide what types of sensors and actuators will be used and where they will be placed.2.Model the resulting system to be controlled.3.Simplify the model if necessary so that it is tractable.4.Analyze the resulting model;determine its properties.5.Decide on performance specifications.6.Decide on the type of controller to be used.7.Design a controller to meet the specs, if possible;if not, modify the specs or generalize the type of controller sought.8.Simulate the resulting controlled system, either on a computer or in a pilot plant.9.Repeat from step 1 if necessary.10.Choose hardware and software and implement the controller.11.Tune the controller on-line if necessary.r．reference or command inputvsensor outputuactuating signal, plant inputdexternal disturbanceyplant output and measured signaln．sensor noise

第四篇：西安石油大學自動化專業英語-期末考試重點單詞

Architecture 體系結構

Instruction 指令集

Binary-coded 二進制編碼的Central processing unit中央處理器 Processor 處理器

Location（存儲單元）

Word length 字長

Field 域，字段

Address 尋址

Artificial Intelligence 人工智能

Servo control system 伺服控制系統 Group control system群控系統 Virtual reality 虛擬現實

Computer simulation 計算機仿真 End effector 終端執行操作 Step motor 步進電動機

Machine tool 機床

Knowledge base 知識庫

Knowledge engineering 知識工程 Expert system 專家系統

Embedded system 嵌入式系統

Antilockbraking system 防抱死系統 Thermocouple 熱電偶

Transmitter 變速器

Calibration 校準，檢查

Fraction 分數，小數

Offset 靜差

Weight 權

Reset time 復位時間

Reset ret 復位速率

第五篇：自動化專業英語中英對照

自動化專業英語中英文對照 retarding torque 制動轉矩

inductive component 感性（無功）分量 abscissa axis 橫坐標

induction generator 感應發電機

synchronous generator 同步發電機automatic station 無人值守電站hydropower station 水電站

process of self – excitation 自勵過程auxiliary motor 輔助電動機

technical specifications 技術條件voltage across the terminals 端電壓steady – state condition 瞬態 暫態reactive in respect to 相對….呈感性active in respect to 相對….呈阻性synchronous condenser 同步進相（調相）機

coincide in phase with 與….同相synchronous reactance 同步電抗algebraic 代數的algorithmic 算法的biphase 雙相的bilateral circuit 雙向電路bimotored 雙馬達的corridor 通路

shunt displacement current 旁路位移電流

leakage 泄漏

lightning shielding 避雷harmonic 諧波的insulator string 絕緣子串neutral 中性的zero sequence current 零序電流sinusoidal 正弦的square平方

corona 電暈,放電bypass 旁路

voltmeter 電壓表ammeter 電流表micrometer 千分尺thermometer 溫度計watt-hour meter 電度表wattmeter 電力表private line 專用線路diameter 直徑centimeter 厘米

restriking 電弧再觸發magnitude 振幅oscillation 振蕩auxiliary 輔助的protective gap 保護性間隙放電receptacle 插座

lightning arrester 避雷裝置bushing 套管trigger 起動裝置stress 應力

deterioration 損壞,磨損spark gap 火花放電隙traveling-wave 行波

wye-connected 星形連接enclosure 設備外殼live conductor 帶電導體fuse 熔斷器

structural 結構上的out-of-step 不同步的resynchronize 再同步synchroscops 同步指示器

automatic oscillograph 自動示波器nominally 標稱sampling 采樣

potential transformer 電壓互感器fraction 分數

switchyard 戶外配電裝置hazard 危險bushing 高壓套contact 觸點

energize 勵磁trip coil 跳閘線圈

over-current relay 過電流繼電器armature 銜鐵

pickup current 始動電流release current 釋放電流solenoid relay 螺管式繼電器

induction-disc relay 感應圓盤式繼電器cast-aluminum rotor 鑄鋁轉子bronze 青銅horsepower 馬力random-wound 散繞insulation 絕緣

ac motor 交流環電動機end ring 端環alloy 合金

inverse time relay 反時限繼電器hydraulic 液力的dashpot 阻尼器pneumatic 氣動的permanent magnet 永磁體electrical stressing 電氣應力mechanical stressing 機械應力deviation 偏差

third harmonic voltage 三次諧波電壓induction machine 感應式電機horseshoe magnet 馬蹄形磁鐵magnetic field 磁場eddy current 渦流

right-hand rule 右手定則left-hand rule 左手定則slip 轉差率

induction motor 感應電動機rotating magnetic field 旋轉磁場winding 繞組stator 定子rotor 轉子

induced current 感生電流time-phase 時間相位

exciting voltage 勵磁電壓solt 槽

lamination 疊片

laminated core 疊片鐵芯short-circuiting ring 短路環squirrel cage 鼠籠rotor core 轉子鐵芯coil winding 線圈繞組form-wound 模繞

performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 頻率

revolutions per minute 轉/分motoring 電動機驅動generating 發電

per-unit value 標么值

breakdown torque 極限轉矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 檢修

wind-driven generator 風動發電機revolutions per second 轉/秒number of poles 極數

speed-torque curve 轉速力矩特性曲線plugging 反向制動

synchronous speed 同步轉速percentage 百分數

locked-rotor torque 鎖定轉子轉矩full-load torque 滿載轉矩prime mover 原動機

inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化電抗

line-to-neutral 線與中性點間的staor winding 定子繞組leakage reactance 漏磁電抗no-load 空載full load 滿載

Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 鐵損

complex impedance 復數阻抗rotor resistance 轉子電阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 鎖定轉子chopper circuit 斬波電路separately excited 他勵的compounded 復勵dc motor 直流電動機de machine 直流電機speed regulation 速度調節shunt 并勵series 串勵

armature circuit 電樞電路optical fiber 光纖interoffice 局間的waveguide 波導 波導管bandwidth 帶寬

light emitting diode 發光二極管silica 硅石 二氧化硅

regeneration 再生, 后反饋放大coaxial 共軸的,同軸的high-performance 高性能的carrier 載波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB)單邊帶coupling capacitor 結合電容propagate 傳導 傳播modulator 調制器demodulator 解調器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器

Amplitude Modulation(AM 調幅

Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移頻鍵控

tuner 調諧器attenuate 衰減incident 入射的two-way configuration 二線制generator voltage 發電機電壓dc generator 直流發電機

polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增壓

time constant 時間常數

forward transfer function 正向傳遞函數

error signal 誤差信號regulator 調節器

stabilizing transformer 穩定變壓器time delay 延時

direct axis transient time constant 直軸瞬變時間常數

transient response 瞬態響應solid state 固體buck 補償

operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 極點

feedback signal 反饋信號dynamic response 動態響應

voltage control system 電壓控制系統mismatch 失配

error detector 誤差檢測器excitation system 勵磁系統field current 勵磁電流transistor 晶體管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升壓去磁

feedback system 反饋系統reactive power 無功功率feedback loop 反饋回路

automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自動電壓調整器

reference Voltage 基準電壓magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微場擴流發電機self-exciting 自勵的limiter 限幅器

manual control 手動控制block diagram 方框圖linear zone 線性區

potential transformer 電壓互感器stabilization network 穩定網絡stabilizer 穩定器

air-gap flux 氣隙磁通saturation effect 飽和效應saturation curve 飽和曲線flux linkage 磁鏈per unit value 標么值shunt field 并勵磁場magnetic circuit 磁路

load-saturation curve 負載飽和曲線air-gap line 氣隙磁化線

polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 電路元件

circuit parameters 電路參數electrical device 電氣設備electric energy 電能primary cell 原生電池

energy converter 電能轉換器conductor 導體

heating appliance 電熱器direct-current 直流

time invariant 時不變的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 電介質storage battery 蓄電池

e.m.f = electromotive fore 電動勢unidirectional current 單方向性電流circuit diagram 電路圖

load characteristic 負載特性terminal voltage 端電壓

external characteristic 外特性conductance 電導volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性carbon-filament lamp 碳絲燈泡ideal source 理想電源internal resistance 內阻

active(passive)circuit elements 有（無）源電路元件

leakage current 漏電流circuit branch 支路

P.D.= potential drop 電壓降potential distribution 電位分布

r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值

effective values 有效值

steady direct current 恒穩直流電

sinusoidal time function 正弦時間函數complex number 復數

Cartesian coordinates 笛卡兒坐標系modulus 模real part 實部

imaginary part 虛部

displacement current 位移電流

trigonometric transformations 瞬時值epoch angle 初相角

phase displacement 相位差signal amplifier 小信號放大器mid-frequency band 中頻帶

bipolar junction transistor(BJT)雙極性晶體管

field effect transistor(FET)場效應管electrode 電極 電焊條polarity 極性gain 增益

isolation 隔離 分離 絕緣 隔振emitter 發射管 放射器 發射極collector 集電極base 基極

self-bias resistor 自偏置電阻triangular symbol 三角符號

phase reversal 反相

infinite voltage gain 無窮大電壓增益feedback component 反饋元件differentiation 微分integration 積分下限impedance 阻抗fidelity 保真度

summing circuit 總和線路 反饋系統中的比較環節

Oscillation 振蕩inverse 倒數admittance 導納transformer 變壓器turns ratio 變比 匝比ampere-turns 安匝(數)mutual flux 交互(主)磁通vector equation 向(相)量方程power frequency 工頻

capacitance effect 電容效應induction machine 感應電機shunt excited 并勵series excited 串勵separately excited 他勵self excited 自勵

field winding 磁場繞組 勵磁繞組speed-torque characteristic 速度轉矩特性

dynamic-state operation 動態運行salient poles 凸極excited by 勵磁field coils 勵磁線圈

air-gap flux distribution 氣隙磁通分布direct axis 直軸

armature coil 電樞線圈

rotating commutator 旋轉（整流子）換向器

commutator-brush combination 換向器-電刷總線

mechanical rectifier 機械式整流器armature m.m.f.wave 電樞磁勢波Geometrical position 幾何位置magnetic torque 電磁轉矩spatial waveform 空間波形

sinusoidal – density wave 正弦磁密度

external armature circuit 電樞外電路instantaneous electric power 瞬時電功率

instantaneous mechanical power 瞬時機械功率

effects of saturation 飽和效應reluctance 磁阻

power amplifier 功率放大器compound generator 復勵發電機rheostat 變阻器

self – excitation process 自勵過程commutation condition 換向狀況

cumulatively compounded motor 積復勵電動機

operating condition 運行狀態

equivalent T – circuit T型等值電路rotor(stator)winding 轉子（定子繞組）winding loss 繞組（銅）損耗prime motor 原動機

active component 有功分量reactive component 無功分量electromagnetic torque 電磁轉矩