第一篇:植保練習復習總結
植物保護技術第二章植物病害的基本知識測試題
一、選擇題(本題25個小題,每小題2分。共50分。只有一個答案正確,請將正確答案選出)
1.下列現(xiàn)象中,不屬于病害的是
A.缺氮引起的植物葉片發(fā)黃B.冰雹砸損植物
C.棉花黃萎病D.低溫引起的凍害
2.植物病害的引起,大多數(shù)病原菌屬于
A.真菌B.細菌
C.病毒D.線蟲
3.確切的說,子座是真菌的A.營養(yǎng)體B.繁殖體
C.孢子D.菌絲體的變態(tài)
4.子囊內產生子囊孢子,一般一個子囊內形成的子囊孢子數(shù)是
A.5個B.6個
C.7個D.8個
5.植物細菌的繁殖方式是
A.無性繁殖B.有性繁殖
C.裂殖D.增殖
6.細菌性病害所特有的癥狀是
A.變色B.顆粒狀物
C.粉狀物D.膿狀物
7.寄主植物完全不發(fā)病的稱為
A.免疫B.抗病
C.耐病D.感病
8.對病原物侵入影響重大的環(huán)境條件是
A.植物的抗病性B.溫度
C.濕度D.溫、濕度
9.真菌的主要傳播方式是
A.主動傳播B.雨水傳播
C.氣流傳播D.昆蟲傳播
10.在一個生長季節(jié)中,病原物可以發(fā)生多次再侵染的病害是
A.棉花枯萎病B.小麥散黑穗病
C.稻瘟病D.線蟲病
11.傳播病毒、類病毒和植原體等病原物的主要傳播介體是
A.土壤B.田間病株
C.昆蟲D.肥料
12.植物病原細菌的傳播主要靠
A.主動傳播B.雨水傳播
C.氣流傳播D.昆蟲傳播
13.葉片呈現(xiàn)濃綠或淺綠相間的稱為
A.褪綠B.花葉
C.黃化D.紅葉
14.下列不屬于子囊菌亞門的是
A.銹菌B.白粉菌
C.赤霉菌D.盤菌類
15.白粉菌類的吸器形狀是
A.掌狀B.分支狀
C.棒狀D.小球狀
16.下列真菌類群屬于擔子菌亞門的是
A.霜霉菌B.白粉菌
C.銹菌D.根霉菌
17.下列無性孢子類型中,屬于休眠孢子的是
A.分生孢子B.游動孢子
C.厚壁孢子D.孢囊孢子
18.真菌最常見的無性孢子是
A.芽孢子B.游動孢子
C 厚壁孢子D.分生孢子
19.下列病菌有隱癥現(xiàn)象的是
A.細菌B.真菌
C.病毒D.線蟲
20.有些作物的感病階段錯開了病原物的盛發(fā)期,因而避開了病原物的侵染,利用了植物抗病機制的A.避病B.抗侵人
C.抗擴展D.兔役
21.對同一病害影響潛育期長短的主要因素
A.溫度B.濕度
C.植物抗病性D.溫濕度
22.多種病原物越冬越夏的主要場所
A.土壤B.田間病株
C.種子、種苗D.肥料
23.目前,還不能在人工培養(yǎng)基上培養(yǎng)的病菌是
A.白粉菌B.赤霉菌
C.盤菌類D.霜霉菌
24.下列屬于病征的是
A.變色B.斑點
C.畸形D.膿狀物?
25.下列現(xiàn)象中,屬于植物病害的是
A.感染病毒的郁金香呈現(xiàn)鮮艷花瓣B.感染黑粉菌芙白莖基組織肥大
C 豆科植物由于根瘤菌侵入出現(xiàn)根瘤D.蔬菜根部由于線蟲侵染出現(xiàn)根結
26.引起植物發(fā)病的原因稱為
A.病原B.病原物
C.侵染性病害D.非侵染性病害
27.下列無性孢子屬于休眠孢子的是
A.厚壁孢子B.抱囊孢子
C.分生孢子D.接合孢子
28.霜霉病菌屬于
A.鞭毛菌亞門B.子囊菌亞門
C.擔子菌亞門D.半知菌亞門
29.細菌性病害的典型癥狀是
A 壞死B.腐爛
C.萎蔫D.畸形
30.病毒的繁殖方式是
A.裂殖B.增殖
C.有性繁殖D.無性繁殖
31.下面植物中屬于全寄生的是
A.桑寄生B.菟絲子
C.槲寄生D.玉米
32.寄主表現(xiàn)輕微發(fā)病,病原物被限制在很小的范圍內,對寄主危害不大,稱為
A.免疫B.抗病
C.耐病D.避病
33.植物侵染性病害的侵染過程中,病原物處于比較脆弱階段,這一階段是防止病原物侵染的有利時期,此階段是
A.接觸期B.侵人期
C.潛育期D.發(fā)病期
34.在侵人期主要影響孢子萌發(fā)和侵人速度的因素是
A.濕度B.溫度
C.寄主抗性D.光照.
35.下列屬于單循環(huán)病害的是
A.小麥黑穗病B.稻瘟病
C.小麥銹病D.小麥白粉病
36.下列說明中正確的是
A.植物病害都有病狀和病征兩方面表現(xiàn)。
B.在真菌整個生活史中,無性繁殖出現(xiàn)次數(shù)較多。
C.一種病原真菌只產生一種孢子類型。
D.通常寄生強的病原物對寄主組織的直接破壞較大。
37.下列說法中正確的是
A.過敏性壞死反應是植物典型的抗侵人反應
B.在輸導組織中擴展的病害潛育期短,發(fā)病較快。
C.病毒只能通過自然孔口和傷口侵人植物。
D.侵染性病害外部都有病征表現(xiàn),而非侵染性病害全無病征。
二、簡答題
l.植物在其生長發(fā)育過程中,會遇到不良的環(huán)境條件或其他不利因素,產生相應的病害,請問什么是植物病害?判斷植物是否發(fā)生病害有哪兩個標準?(6分)
2.病征是鑒別病原物和診斷病害的重要依據(jù),請問植物病害的病征主要有哪些類型?(5分)
3.有的真菌在生長發(fā)育后期進行有性繁殖,產生孢子,請說出真菌有性孢子的類型有哪些?(4分)
4.了解病原物的越冬越夏方式和場所,并及時消滅或減少病原物,可減輕下一季節(jié)病害的嚴重發(fā)生,根據(jù)你所學的有關知識,簡述病原物越冬越夏的場所有哪些?(6分)
5.細菌病害的癥狀類型主要有壞孔、腐爛、萎蔫和畸形等四類。植物細菌性病害的典型癥
狀是什么?如何區(qū)分細菌和真菌引起的癥狀?(5分)
6.絕大多數(shù)的病原物借助外力進行傳播,即被動傳播,其病原物的被動傳播方式有哪些?(4分)
7.什么是侵染性病害?其發(fā)生與哪些因素有關?(5分)
8.真菌的無性孢子有哪些類型?(6分)
9.植物病毒的傳播途徑有哪些?(5分)
10.植物侵染性病害的侵染過程分為哪幾個時期?各時期如何劃分?(6分)
11.病原物侵人寄主植物的途徑主要有哪些?(3分)
三、綜合題(15分)
某地天氣多雨潮濕麥穗上的穎殼合縫處長出一層粉紅色的霉狀物,后期病穗的穎片上又產生密集的藍黑色小顆粒,并且大面積發(fā)生井有擴展趨勢。于是某農攜帶該病株到植保站咨詢,確診是小麥赤霉病。以小麥赤霉病為例,說明如何控制植物病害的流行。
第二篇:植保總結
個人工作總結
2011 年對我來說是轉折的一年、適應的一年、更是學習的一年,因為這一年里我的角色發(fā)生了本質的轉換,從學校里的一名學生轉變成了安監(jiān)局監(jiān)察大隊的隊員,此次的角色轉換是我人生道路上的又一新的開始,新的階段,新的挑戰(zhàn)。
跨出了學校的大門,走出了學校的庇護,剛踏上社會的我還是有些許的不適應,但是在局領導和同志們的關心、幫助下,我還是很快進入了工作的狀態(tài)、適應了現(xiàn)在的工作環(huán)境,在思想、學習和工作等各方面都取得了很大的進步。
對于這半年來的工作情況我做了如下的總結:
一、強化隊伍建設、提高業(yè)務水平
安全生產監(jiān)察隊伍建設是安全生產監(jiān)察事業(yè)的基礎,是落實安全生產監(jiān)督管理的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)和組織保障,同時,也是反映監(jiān)察隊伍精神面貌,文明執(zhí)法、依法行政,展現(xiàn)安監(jiān)局整體形象的關鍵所在。培養(yǎng)和造就一支思想過硬、作風優(yōu)良、業(yè)務精通、紀律嚴明、依法行政的安全生產監(jiān)察隊伍至關重要。因此建隊以來,我們在強化隊伍建設、提高隊員綜合素質上不放松,始終堅持高標準、嚴要求、狠抓隊伍的思想作風和組織建設。主要的舉措有組織大隊人員進行為期一個月的理論培訓,有法律法規(guī),文書處理,事故調查,大隊管理辦法等一系列理論知識的學習。之后又安排了實際工作的培訓,做到理論與實踐相結合,業(yè)務水平也有顯著提高,為今后獨立開展工作打下了堅實的基礎。
第三篇:植保28班班務總結.
植保28班班務總結
時光從不肯眷顧每一個人,總是匆忙地來不及留下一個腳印就無影無蹤。
從剛進大學校門到即將遠赴實習單位定崗實習。作為班長,我和大家一起走過了近800個日子。想到這里,我內心有種莫名的激動。因為充溢著太多的甜美,太多的溫馨,我們感奮不已;因為有太多的沉思,太多的感慨,我們探求不息,還有太多的情誼,太早的分別,我們深情依依!
身為班長,最真實的見證了班級發(fā)展的點點滴滴,見證了植保10028班成長的每一步歷程。在從事班上事務的管理、各項活動的開展的過程中,清楚的看到我們班的進步與缺失。現(xiàn)就2010年到目前的工作做總結如下: 這兩年來我?guī)ьI本班班團委積極組織全班同學參與了學校學院開展的各種活動, 并在本班內自主開展了廣泛而富有成效的各類活動,取的了良好的效果.我沒有辜負大家的期望,帶給了大家一個豐富的課余環(huán)境,同時帶領大家朝著建設一個我們共同的大家庭而努力學習,進步!
一、班級制度建設
本學期,我班進入大三,我們班級在實現(xiàn)“深入加強日常管理,使同學加強自我管理”的班級管理目標上依然沒有停下腳步。在這項工作中,主要圍繞著三點來展開工作:
1.制定了制度,使班級管理具有更強的操作性,提出具體要求;
2.規(guī)范管理過程,做到民主決定班級走向;
3.明確責任管理,落實每個班委的責任。
在這基礎上 , 揚長避短 , 爭取使在穩(wěn)步發(fā)展的基礎上 , 尋求新的突破與新的提高。
二、干部隊伍建設及其工作情況
班級的領導核心是班委會和團支部。各個班委,團委分工明確,責任到人,積極團結同學,班級日常管理穩(wěn)定有序,班委團委之間密切配合組織各種有意義的活動。每一次組織活動,班委團委都盡心盡責,努力為同學們服務。經過大
一、大二的工作和磨合后,使我們之間增添了不少默契,各位班委在工作上已經能駕輕就熟。對班級的日常工作都相當熟悉,班委在明確分工的基礎上加強有效合作,班級工作都能迅速有效的開展。班委會不定期的在一起研究班級工作,班委成員都能肩負責任,精誠團結。
三、活動方面
這學期領導和參與的活動有:
1.班費管理。班費實行“班長+生活委員管理,班委監(jiān)督”。大筆開銷需要班委會通過,并且每次活動的開銷后或者每隔一段時間會對班費使用情況進行公布,接受全體同學的監(jiān)督,實現(xiàn)了財務制度的公開、透明。
2,購買體育用品,定期組織同學進行體育活動;
3,先后組織各種類型的班會、和集體活動,促進班級融合。召開班會目的為了使同學樹立民族自尊心、自信心和自豪感,樹立與祖國休戚與共,血肉相依,為國獻身的意志。同時為了了解社會主義偉大建設的偉大成就,使大家更熱愛熱愛祖國。
4,統(tǒng)計本班老師及同學的聯(lián)系方式,并下發(fā)到各宿舍,建立班級QQ群,便于同學方便及時的交流溝通;
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5,采用輪流制確定班級信息員對本專業(yè)有關的信息采集和有效傳達;6,定期收集同學對班委及班級建設的意見和建議; 四,班風建設
在班風建設上,我們提出了 “贊美集體,欣賞個人”的口號,在發(fā)揚集體主義精神的同時,提倡加強個人發(fā)展,充分發(fā)揮每個同學的個人才能,展現(xiàn)每個同學的才華。在本學期里,我班同學在學習、文體活動競賽、社會工作等各方面取得了優(yōu)異成績,同時涌現(xiàn)出一大批先進人物,學校的各項活動中都獲得獎勵。在班級干部的積極帶動下,我班形成了團結、奮進、熱情、創(chuàng)新的良好風氣。整個班級感情融洽,同學們親如兄弟姐妹,大家在學習之余能夠主動加強交流,增進感情!
五、學習方面
在學風建設上,同學們不在有初入大學的迷惘,都有目標地、科學地、有效地投入到緊張的大學學習中,自我定位、自我選擇、自我培養(yǎng)、自我約束能力都有了很大的提高。大家結伴上自習,共同探討問題、相互鼓勵、經常交流學習心得,蔚然成風。在學習生活中,大多數(shù)的同學都取得了令人可喜的進步。所有的同學都從以前時的不會學習、不適應新的學習模式的困境中走了出來,適應了大學特有的學習方式。
本學期大多數(shù)同學學風端正,基本上做到不曠課不遲到不早退,上課認真聽講,學習態(tài)度積極,交作業(yè)按時按質按量,同學們面對學習的態(tài)度很認真,各學科的學習上,成立學習興趣小組,并取得良好效果。
對大學生而言,學習始終是頭等大事。我們將一如既往的做好服務工作,將同學們在學習中的疑難問題傳達給老師,以得到老師很好的解答。增加同學們學習信心,使師生互動。努力配合老師的工作,成為老師與學生溝通的紐帶,把同學們的意見及時傳給老師。關注學校的各種通知,及時傳達給同學,便于同學們參加。如各種心理講座,就業(yè)講座等,這樣可以增強同學們學習的信心,甚至可以解除同學們某些心理障礙。抓好同學們的上課出勤率,對無故曠課的同學作好思想工作。
六、目前班上存在的問題
1.班級凝集力有待提高,部分同學集體活動中表現(xiàn)的不夠活躍; 2.個別班委會成員要提升個人能力,增強責任意識和服務意識 ; 3,全班男女同學互動不夠;
4.班里個別同學偶爾上課遲到或曠課,對于某些課程態(tài)度不積極,課下自主學習意識不強,成績不理想;
5,班委成員要加強與同學的交流溝通,了解和掌握同學的想法幾意見,及時的做出相應的工作調整;
七、改進工作,再創(chuàng)輝煌
1.班級要保持形成優(yōu)良的班風,使之能保持良好的精神風貌,在學校樹立一個良好的形象,成為全校有影響力的班級。
2.有些同學對學校的制度、紀律管理產生“逆反”心理,導致思想、行為自由散漫,不利于班風建設。在這方面班委會要強化管理、落實制度,避免說做不一,并及時進行階段性總結。最終,使同學們提高自我管理的能力。
3.狠抓班委會成員自身的紀律作風。建成一個作風正派、強健有力的班團委。著力提升班級凝集力,讓所有同學想兄弟姐妹一樣的生活在3班這個溫馨大家庭中,切實感受到班級的溫暖。
八、個人感想
1,學會交流溝通,學會傾聽。在工作中、生活中,當別人向自己求助時,也許自己覺得很
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不以為然的隨口一說,可對于求助的人這件事也許是很重要的.自己的隨口一說只會加重別人的茫然無助.很多時候都忽略了別人的感受,學會傾聽非常重要。
2,換位思考。工作中生活中,我們每個人都要學會換位思考,立場不同,角度不同,對問題的看法也會不同.學會換位思考,帶來的是對別人的理解,帶來的是處理問題時清醒的頭腦和正確的選擇.3,感恩的心
在工作中生活中,無時無刻,有許多人都在默默的幫助自己,自己也許知道,也許不知道.可是沒有別人的幫助,單憑自己一個人的力量怎么可能成功!在以后的人生道路中,無論何時何地,我都會報著感恩的心去做每一件事,我都會報著感恩的心面對我的朋友,成功屬于大家!成功屬于我們的班級!實習即將到來,大學生涯即將離開學校去往社會歷練。作為班長,我學到了很多東西,在許多方面都獲益匪淺。班上的同學來自不同的區(qū)域,各自的家庭背景也不同,但都為了努力成才的一致目的。這就要求我面對不同的對象,采取最合適的方法來與他們交流溝通。只有了解了所有同學們的想法,才能順利地開展班級工作。多次組織活動也讓我學到了很多,很多東西不是一個人能弄起來的,它需要一個強大的團結的班級做后盾。同時做事前要把所有可能發(fā)生的情況考慮周到,才能應酬帷幄,萬無一失,避免到時候手忙腳亂。
回首這兩年,這是我們真正思考大學、尋找目標、確定目標并為之努力的一個嶄新階段,這是我們更加團結友愛、收藏寶貴記憶、譜寫大學生涯紀念冊的一個學年,這也是我們這一屆班委繼往開來、辛勤付出、與全班同學共同進步的意義非凡的一個飛躍。
以一言以蔽之,我們班是一個蒸蒸日上的班集體,在兩年的融合之后,我們逐漸形成了自己的班級特色。當然,我們也遇到過一些困難,但我們堅信在全班同學“萬眾一心,眾志成城”的精神風貌上,我們一定會克服所有的困難,再創(chuàng)佳績,更上一層樓,我們將走向更加輝煌的明天!
天行健,君子以自強不息!在新的征程中,我會謹記肩負的使命,銘記老師和同學的期盼,用百分百的熱情和無限的創(chuàng)新去譜寫屬于3班的新華章!
2010級植保10028班
2012年10月25日
附:(班級所獲榮譽)
2010-2011班級量化考核第一名 2010年“沐浴陽光綁腿跑”第一名 2010年9月拔河比賽團體優(yōu)秀獎
2011年“愛國衛(wèi)生月”班級量化第一名
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第四篇:中考時態(tài)復習總結及練習
中考時態(tài)復習專項訓練
一. 一般現(xiàn)在時
(一)構成:(1)be: am/is/are(2)do: do/does
(二)用法:
1.經常性動作等。常與everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等連用。She always goes to school by bus.2.真理和事實。
Light travels faster than sound.3.在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引導的時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。
When I grow up,I will be a soldier.(主將從現(xiàn))
4.動作正在發(fā)生,用在由here, there等開首的句子中,表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生。There goes the bell.5.表示主語的習慣特征,性格,能力等。He studies very hard.6.一般的說明文字等。
The book says that women can live longer than men 二、一般過去時態(tài)
(一).構成:(1)be: was/were(2)do: did
(二)用法:
1.表示過去的某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和明確的時間狀語連用。(或有上下文語境暗示)
She went out just now.I saw him yesterday.2.表示過去經常發(fā)生的動作。
Last month she worked eleven hours every day.He used to get up early.3.表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作,常由以下詞語連接,用一般過去時。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately,the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.注意:有一些容易變化錯誤的單詞,如:
練習:
(1)---I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend.---I suppose you _ too fast.A.driveB.are drivingC.droveD.were driving(2)In the 49th World Table Tennis Championship,Wang Liqin _ Ma Lin and _ the champion of the Men’s Singles.A.beat, beatB.won, wonC.beat, wonD.won, beat(3)---When _ your brother _ back?---About half an hour ago.A.did, comeB.had, come C.do, comeD.have, come(4)—Excuse me.You shouldn’t smoke here.Look at the sign “NO SMOKING HERE.”---Sorry, I _ it.A.doesn’t seeB.haven’t seenC.didn’t seeD.hadn’t seen 三、一般將來時
(一)構成:(1)will + be/do
(2)be going to + be/do
①表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)常用will / shall + 動詞(常與表示將來的時間狀語邊用如tomorrow、next week等)。
He will visit shanghai next week.②表示一種趨向或習慣動作。We’ll die without air or water.③表示趨向行為的動詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進行時的形式表示將來時。
My uncle is coming form America.④be going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別:
be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或將來要做某事,這種打算往往經過事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準備;
shall / will do表示未事先考慮過,即說話時臨時作出的決定。
* be going to 表將來,不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中;而will則能,表意愿。如: If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正確)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯誤)
* be to do sth.表按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作,還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.* be about to do sth.表示―即可,就要‖,后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。Autumn harvest is about to start.注意:在下面幾種情況下只可用will(shall)表示將來,而不可用be going to 結構。表示有禮貌地詢問對方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請或命令時。eg: Will you please lend me your bike?(2)表示意愿時
eg: We will help him if he asks us.(3)表示單純的將來,與人的主觀愿望和判斷無關時。eg: The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning 四 過去將來時 1.構成:(1)was/were going to + be/do(2)will + be/do
2.用法:(1)表示從過去某一時間看將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用在賓語從句中,a.表示感覺的動詞。如:see, hear等
由“would +動詞原形” 引導。
eg: 1)He said he would buy some fruit forhis sister.2)He asked when the meeting would end.(2)表示曾經打算或準備要做的事,用“was/were + 動詞原形”引導。eg: 1)I thought it was going to rain soon.2)They were going to start a new job whenI saw them then.(3)go, come, leave, arrive, start 等動詞,其
過去進行時表示過去按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作。練習:
(1)--The TV show Home With Kids is so wonderful.Youshouldn’t miss it.--If I have time, I _ it.A.seeB.sawC.will seeD.have seen(2)I want to know if there _ an English speech contestnext month.If our school _ it, I must get ready forit.A.will be, holdsB.will be, will holdC.will have, hold
(3)The summer vacation will begin next week.David _to stay with us.A.will be comingB.comes
C.cameD.is coming
五、現(xiàn)在進行時
1.構成:am/is/are + v-ing 2.用法:(1)表示此時此刻正在進行的動作。eg:--What are you doing?--I’m reading English.(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。eg: 1)They are studying hard this term.2)We arte picking apples on a farm thesedays.(3)go, leave, arrive, start, visit,move 等動詞用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來.eg: 1)I’m going to Beijing this Sunday.2)The bus is coming soon.(4)當時間狀語為now, these days等時或當句子中含有l(wèi)ook, listen, canyou see, can’t you see之類的暗示詞時,要使用現(xiàn)在進行時。但應注意下列這些動詞一般不用于現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的句子中。
b.表示喜歡或厭惡的動詞。如:like, love等c.表示希望的動詞。如:want, would like等d.表示狀態(tài)的動詞。如:be等e.表示歸屬的動詞。如:have等
f.表示思維、知識或理解能力的動詞。如:know, think, forget等 練習:
(1)Don’t turn on the TV.Grandma _ now.A.is sleepingB.will sleepC.sleptD.sleeps(2)Listen.They _ with Mr Wang in the room.A.chattingB.are chattingC.were chattingD.will chat(3)--Jim, please help me take out of the trash.--OK, mom.I _.A.will comeB.am comingC.shall comeC.would come(4)He with us _ to Hawaii for summer vacation.A.are going toB.is going to goC.is going to D.are going to go
六、過去進行時
1.構成: was/were + v-ing 2.用法:(1)表示過去某一時刻某一段時間內正在進行的動作。常和表示過去的時間狀語then, at that time, this time yesterday,at ten yesterday 等連用,或用另一類動作表示過去的時間。
eg: 1)—What were you doing at nine last night?--I was watching TV at that time.2)He was reading when I came in.3)I was doing my homework while my parents werewatching TV.(2)過去進行時常和always等時間副詞連用,表示過去頻繁發(fā)生的習慣性動作,此時的過去進行時帶有一定的感情色彩。
eg: Alice was always changing her mind.(3)注意在含有when或while引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句中過去進行時的運用:1)主句中的動作先于從句中的動作發(fā)生,且進行的時間較長時,主句用過去進行時
(從句用一般過去時)。
eg: When the UFO arrived, I was watching TV.2)從句中的動作先于主句中的動作發(fā)生,且進行的時間較長時,從句用過去進行時
(主句用一般過去時)。
eg: While I was walking in the street, theaccident happened.3)若主、從句動作同時發(fā)生或無所謂先后時,主從句可同時使用過去進行時,此時的時間狀語從句一般由while引導。
eg: I was doing my homework while my parentswere doing the chores.3.My parents ___________(give)me a computer for my next birthday.注意:在上述情況下,若動詞為表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動詞,一般都應用一般過去時,4.We __________(go)to the park if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.而不用過去進行時。
5.There __________(be)an English party tomorrow evening.6.—Larry, what are you going to be when you _________(grow)up?at home.--I ________(be)a professional basketball player.3.練習:
II.單項選擇(1)James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ______until yesterday.1.---Will you please stay here for the picnic?A.will comeB.is comingC.was comingD.comes
--Sorry, I _______.I’ll have to go to practice the piano.(2)I saw Lisa in the street yesterday, but she didn’t see me.She _ the other day.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.can’t
A.was shoppingB.am shoppingC.have shopped
2.He says he ________us around his factory in a week.* 現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時比較A.showsB.is showingC.will showsD.will show1.I don’t really work here.I ____ until the new secretary _______.3.Either we or Andy _________ the animals this weekend.A.just help out;comesB.have just helped out;will comeA.is going to feedB.are going to feedC.am just helping out;comesD.will just help out;has comeC.is feedingD.are feeding2.---When shall we leave?4.I hope your dream ________ one day.---As soon as I ______ what I _______.A.comes trueB.come trueC.will come trueD.will trueA.will finish;doB.have finished, am doing5.________ I return the book to the library soon?C.finish, will doD.finish, doA.WillB.DoC.AmD.Shall 3.At that time he _____ in the library.6.If it _______, our family ________ boating tomorrow.A.workedB.had workedC.was workingD.would workA.don’t rain, will goB.isn’t rain, is going to go4.The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office.C.doesn’t rain, will goD.doesn’t rain, shall goA.were working;had leftB.worked;left7.There ________ a football match on TV this evening.C.had worked;leftD.were working;would leaveA.will haveB.is going to beC.hasD.is going to have 5.---Hey, look where you are going!
七、現(xiàn)在完成時
---Oh, I’m terribly sorry._______.1.A.I’m not noticing.B.I wasn’t noticing.C.I haven’t noticed.D.I don’t notice.結構:(1)be: have/has been(2)do: have/has done E.I didn’t notice.F.I won’t notice
2.用法: *一般過去時和過去進行時比較
(1)結果:表示過去發(fā)生的或已完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響后結果。1.He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it.eg:1)—Have you had your lunch yet? A.wrote;has finishedB.was writing;has finished
--Yes, I have.I’ve just had it.C.was writing;had finishedD.wrote;will finish
2.Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________.2)I have lost my pen.A.slipped;was noticingB.had slipped;noticed3)I have already watched the TV play.C.slipped;had noticedD.was slipping;noticed4)—Have you found your lost pen? 3.As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep.--No, I haven’t found it yet.A.read;was fallingB.was reading;fell
注意:already, yet常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用。C.was reading;was fallingD.read;fell
1)already 用于肯定句,可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前也可放在句末。4.The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields.2)yet用于疑問句,表示“已經”,用于否定句,表“還”,常放在句末。A.had seen;was pickingB.saw;picked
(2)持續(xù):表示動作或狀態(tài)已經開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還要持續(xù)下去,常和for, since連C.had seen;pickedD.saw;was picking
用,表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)多為 用所給詞的適當形式填空:
1.Who _________(give)the concert tomorrow?延續(xù)性動詞。2._________ I ________(say)it again?eg: 1)We have lived here since 2000.2)I have learnt English for three years.(3)經驗:表示從過去到現(xiàn)在曾經經歷的事情或表示同一動作發(fā)生多次,常和never, ever, once, twice, before等連用。eg: 1)I have never been to Egypt before.2)It has snowed twice here.非延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時常用下列結構表示:主語 + have/has been + adj./n./prep-phraseeg: 1)He has been dead for two years.2)He has been a party member for a year.3)I have been in this school for half a year.(4)幾個副詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法:① just“剛剛”,表示動作剛結束,常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。eg: He has just come back from Beijing.② ever“曾經”,用于疑問句或否定句中,位于助動詞與過去分詞之間。eg: Have you ever been to Shanghai?③ never“從來沒有”,常與before連用,多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。eg: I have never travelled by plane before.④ before“以前”,指過去不確定的某個時間,總放在句末不受句型的限制。eg: I haven’t heard of it before.⑤ for + 時間段 , since + 時間點應特別注意:謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。如:我離開這所學校已八年了。
誤:I’ve left this school for eight years.正:I’ve been away this school for eight years.(5)延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞的用法
① 非延續(xù)性動詞不可與表示一段的時間狀語連用。eg: The poor old man has died.(T)
The poor old man has died for three years.(F)The poor old man has been dead for three years.但在否定句中,可以與表示一段的時間狀語連用。eg: He hasn’t come here for several days.② 非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間狀語連用可采用下述三種方法:1)將非延續(xù)性動詞轉化為延續(xù)性動詞:
come→ be here, go→ be there, die→ be dead,borrow→ keep, buy→ have, join→ be in/be a ?member, leave→ be away, begin to study→ study,finish→ be over, get up→ be up, put on→ wear,catch a cold→ have a cold, wake up→ be awake,fall asleep→ be asleep, arrive/get→ be,lose→ not have, leave→ be away from
2)將時間狀語改為過去時間,并用一般過去時代替現(xiàn)在完成時。eg: He has been in the army for three years.→He joined the army three years ago.3)用句型“It is+ 一段時間+since從句(從句中的謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去式)”表示eg: The old man has been dead for two years.→ It is two years since the old man died 練習:
1.I________ this book for two weeks.I have to return it now.A.borrowedB.have borrowedC.keptD.have kept 2.—Why not go to see the flower show with us?--I ________ it.A.sawB.had seenC.seeD.have seen
3.—I ________so busily recently that I _______ no time to help you with your math.--That’s OK.I can manage it by myself.A.have been working, haveB.have worked, had
C.am working, will haveD.had been working, had had 4.—I ________ women new CDs.--When _______ you _______ them?--Yesterday morning.A.buy, did, buyB.buy, do, buy
C.have bought, did, buyD.have bought, did, buy
5.I first met Tom 10 years ago.He _______ in a radio factory at that time.A.had workedB.has workedC.was workingD.has been working 6.—Have you finished the report?--NO.I _______ it all this week.A.will doB.had doneC.have doneD.have been doing
八、過去完成時
1.構成:(1)be: had been(2)do: had done
2.用法:表示“過去的過去”,即在過去的某一動作之前,已經發(fā)生了另外一個動作。3.時間狀語:by last week, by the end of lastyear, when I got there等
eg: 1)The movie had been on for 10 minutes when I got to the cinema.2)She had left by the time I arrived.3)He had lived in Shanghai before he came here.4)I had learned about 2,000 words by the end of last term.1.---Where __you __(put)the book?I can’t see it anywhere.---I ___(put)it right here.But now it’s gone.A.did;put;putB.have;put;putC.did;put;have putD.have;put;have put
2.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _______ to her?A.was happeningB.happensC.has happenedD.happened
3.Hello, I ____ you were in London.How long _________ here?A.don’t know;were youB.hadn’t known;are you
C.haven’t known;areD.didn’t know;have you been
4.I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.A.finished;wereB.have finished;areC.have finished;wereD.had finished;were
5.When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgottenB.spoke;have forgottenC.had spoken;had forgottenC.had spoken;have forgotten 一般過去時和過去進行時
1.He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it.A.wrote;has finishedB.was writing;has finishedC.was writing;had finishedD.wrote;will finish
2.Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________.A.slipped;was noticingB.had slipped;noticedC.slipped;had noticedD.was slipping;noticed3.As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep.A.read;was fallingB.was reading;fellC.was reading;was fallingD.read;fell
4.The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields.A.had seen;was pickingB.saw;pickedC.had seen;pickedD.saw;was picking
(六)過去完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時比較練習I.單項選擇
1.Li mei is only a ten-year-old girl, but she _______to draw for about five years.A.learnsB.learndeC.would learnD.has learned
2.There ______ a lot of rain again last week.We ______ too much rain this month.A.was;hadB.was;have hadC.has been;has hadD.has been;had3.--_______you ______ Kate’s brother ?I _______ something to tell him.--I’m afraid I _______.A.Have;seen;have got;haven’tB.Did;see;have;don’tC.Have;seen;had;haven’tD.Did;see;have got;haven’t
4.My family _______ supper when suddenly I _______ a heavy knock on the door.A.are having;heardB.were having;have heardC.were having;heardD.have had;was hearing
5.Jim no longer studies here.He _______ to London with his parents.They _______ almost a week ago.A.is goingl leftB.was going;leftC.has gone;has leftD.has gone;left6.Our manger _______ to America twice before and now he _______ there again.A.has gone;has beenB.has been;has goneC.has gone;wentD.went;has been
7.Mr Liu _______ for Xi’an on Saturday.He _______ in that city for about five days.A.leftl has beenB.has left;has beenC.was leaving;wasD.left;was
8.Granny Liu ____down among the children and _____to tell them the story of her life.A.has sat;beganB.sat;has begunC.sat;beganD.has sat;has begun9.–I;m sorry to keep you waiting so long.--Oh, it doesn’t matter.I _____ here only a few minutes.A.wasB.have beenC.will beD.came
10.Alice _______ to Australia with her father a year ago.She ______in a school near her
home already.A.came;has beenB.came;wasC.has come;wasD.has come;has been11.I have ______ finished my home work.Have you finished yours_______.A.already;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;yetD.yet;asready12.I have _______come back from abroad.I came here _______.A.just;justB.just now;just nowC.justl just nowD.just now;just13.–I haven’t told that to anyone _______, have I ?
--You’ve seemed to tell that to Li Lei a few days_______.A.before;agoB.before;beforeC.ago;agoD.ago;before14.—Has your mother ______ beeen to London _______?--No, _______.But my father has _______been there.A.just;yet;never;everB.ever;before;not;alreadyC.ever;already;never;justD.ever;before;never;just 15.I have _______ heard of such a strange thing________.A.just;alreadyB.never;beforeC.neverl yetD.ever;just now
16.Ann has been in Australia ________ six months.Her parents haven’t heard from her ______ half a year _______.A.for;since;agoB.for;since;beforeC.in;for;ago;D.for;since;before
17.Mr Black _______ to the city hospital.He ______ a bad cold.He _______ only a minute ago.A.has gone;has got;leftB.has been;has got;left C.has gone;had;leftD.has gone;has got;has left II.用所給詞的適當形式填空
18.Tom ________(see)this film.He _______(see)it last Saturday.19.She _________(have)her supper.She __________(have)it with me in my house.20.--_________you _________(be)to New York?
--No, I ________(have), but my father ________(be)there twice.21.Oh, we _________(not meet)each other for a long time.I last________(see)you in London, didn’t I ?
22.Jack ________(leave)home in 1998.He _______(be)away from his home for almost six
years.23.–Where is Liu Ping?
--She _______(go)shopping.--When _______she ________(go)?--She _________(go)a few minutes ago.24.Mr Wang ________(come)to this school in September.And he _______(be)at this
school since then.25.My father isn’t at home.He ________(go)to Beijing.He ________(go)there on Monday.And he _______(be)in Beijing for three days already.26.--_______ you________(read)thes book before?
--Yes, I ______.I _______(read)It about two years ago.27.I ___________(not return)to my hometown so far.I think it ________(change)a lot in
C.begins;walksD.was beginning;walked
2.I ______ the dinner already by the time my parents reached home yesterday afternoon.A.had cookedB.cookedC.have cookedD.was cooking
3.He’s already gove home.But before he ______, he ______all the mistakes in his the last 20 years.III.同義句轉換
28.Lucy borrowed the book a week ago.Lucy _________________ the book _______ a week.29.Mr Andrew began to teach English twenty years ago.Mr Andrew has ________ an _______________ for twenty years.30.The Smiths have moved to London for almost ten months.___________________ almost ten months since the Smiths _______to London.31.My brother joined the army a few weeks ago.My brother ______________________ soldier ________ a few weeks.32.Liu Hua joined our club in 2003.Li Hua ________________________our club ________2003.33.Mr Smith came to this school in September.Mr Smith ________ ________ at this school _________september.34.I bought this new dictionary over two weeks ago.I _______ _________ this new dictionary ________ over two weeks.35.How long have you worked in this factory?
_________did you ________to work in this factory?36.Uncle Wang has worked there since it opened in 1989.Uncle Wang _______ _______ work ther in 1989 _______ it opened.37.Xiao bing has a high fever for three days.Xiao Bing________ to have fever for three days________.38.Liu Hai’s mother died in 2001.Liu Hai’s mother _______ _______ ________ ________ 2001.39.It’s been almost a year since hes grandpa died.His grandpa ________ _________ _________ ___________ almost a year.40.I lost my wallet more than a week ago.________ ________ more than a week ________ I lost my wallet.41.We last saw each other half a year ago.We ________ _______ each other for half a year.42.Jim bought the new bike two weeks ago.Jim _______ ________ the new bike for two weeks.過去將來時
用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1.Professor Nelson wanted to know when the conference __________(begin)the next day.2.Mrs Smith asked her son if he ________(go)to London on business the next month.八、過去完成時等級測試
1.The class_____ before Tom ______ into the classroom.A.began;was walkingB.had begun;walked
composition.A.left;has correctedB.has left;correctedC.had left;correctedD.left;had corrected
4.I _______any of Piccaso’s paintings before I visited the art museum.A.have never seenB.had never seenC.will never seeD.would never see
5.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun ________.A.has risenB.roseC.had risenD.is rising6.By seven o’clock yesterday, we _______ at the airport.A.had arrivedB.have arrivedC.would arriveD.arrived 7.The soldier_______ after he ______for three days.A.dead;had been woundedB.has died;had been woundedC.had died;was woundedD.died;had been wounded
8.The students _______busily when Miss Brown went to get a book which she ______in the office.A.had written;leftB.were writing;has leftC.had written;had leftD.were writing;had left
9.John said he _______supper with his parents.He was quite full.A.had hadB.was eatingC.would haveD.has eaten
10.By the time he was twelve, Edison _______ to make a living by himself.A.would beginB.has begunC.had begunD.is beginning
11.I _______much farther before I caught up with them.A.don’t goB.was not goingC.have not goneD.hadn’t gone 12.–How many English words _______you ______ by the end of last term?--About two thousand.A.did;learnB.have;learnedC.had;learnedD.were;learning
13.By the time the police _______, the thieves, the thieves ________ the stolen money.A.had arrived;had hiddenB.have arrived;are hidingC.had arrived;hidD.arrived;had hidden
14.The film _______ for ten minutes when we_______ to the cimema.A.had begun;had gotB.had started;were gettingC.had been on;gotD.began;had got
第五篇:2016植保工作總結
2016植保工作總結