第一篇：天壇中英文介紹

The Temple of Heaven

Introduction:

The Temple of Heaven was the place where the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties would worship Heaven and pray for bumper crops.Built first in 1420(the 18th year of Emperor Yongle’s reign of the Ming Dynasty), and then expanded and reconstructed during the Ming Emperor Jiajing’s reign and Qing Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the Temple of Heaven is a grand and magnificent masterpiece of architecture with a formal and solemn environment.Since the founding of New China, the government has allotted a great sum of money to protect and restore the cultural monuments there.The Temple of Heaven with its long history, deep cultural content and magnificent architectural style mirrors the ancient culture of the Orient.In the Temple of Heaven are situated such main buildings as the Hall of Prayer for Good harvests, the Hall of Heavenly Emperor, the Circular Mound, the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the Abstinence Hall, the Beamless Hall, the Long Corridor, the Longevity Pavilion in a double ring shape as well as the Echo Wall, the Three Echo Stones, and the Seven Meteoric Stones.The Temple of Heaven is the largest architectural group for worshipping Heaven in the world.In 1961, it was listed by the State Council as “one of the key monuments under the state protection”.In 1998, it was recognized by the UNESCO as “one of the human heritages of the world”.天壇始建于明永樂(lè)十八年（1420年），總面積273公頃，經(jīng)明嘉靖、清乾隆等朝增建、改建，建筑宏偉壯麗，環(huán)境莊嚴(yán)肅穆，是明、清兩代皇帝“祭天”、“祈谷”的場(chǎng)所，壇域北呈圓形，南為方形，寓意“天圓地方”。四周環(huán)筑壇墻兩道，把全壇分為內(nèi)壇、外壇兩部分，主要建筑集中于內(nèi)壇。壇內(nèi)主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、圜丘、皇穹宇、齋宮、無(wú)梁殿、長(zhǎng)廊等，還有回音壁、三音石、七星石等名勝古跡。天壇集明、清建筑技藝之大成，是中國(guó)古建珍品，是世界上最大的祭天建筑群。1998年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入“世界遺產(chǎn)名錄”。

第二篇：北京天壇中英文導(dǎo)游詞

北京天壇是明朝永樂(lè)皇帝建成的祭天圣壇,也是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大的一處壇廟建筑。下面就是小編跟大家分享北京天壇中英文導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎大家閱讀！

The temple of heaven in Beijing is located in the southeast of Beijing outer urban, the imperial palace south by east, outside the qianmen east, the Ming dynasty in the eighteenth year of yongle(1420), is the ancient Chinese emperors of the Ming and qing dynasties all previous dynasties.The building complex is a place where emperors worship heaven, creating a symbolic link to strengthen the hierarchy of Confucius' society.The total area of 273 hectares is the building of the emperors of the Ming and qing dynasties used to “pray for heaven”.Temple of Heaven in 1961, the state council promulgated the Temple of Heaven as “the national key cultural relic protection unit”;Recognized by UNESCO as a “world heritage site” in 1998;In 2009, the temple of heaven in Beijing was selected by the China world records association, China's largest living emperor.The main attractions

Circular mound altar altar

Circular mound altar altar, also known as worship, worship the tiantai, altar, is an open-air three-layer circular stone altar, as the emperor worship place on the winter solstice, built during Ming jiajing nine years(in 1530), the qing emperor qianlong(1749)the expansion of fourteen years.The circumference of the altar is 534 meters, the altar is 5.2 meters high, and the number of columns and steps of each floor of the top and middle and lower levels are all in Yang(also known as “number of days”, which is a multiple of nine), and the symbol “jiu5”.The jars were lined with aiye.The surface of the jars is round and round, and all the surrounding circles are fans, and the number is also Yang.Each layer has a han-white marble column, which is a multiple of 9.The circular SLATE of the top center is called the solarite or the tianxin stone, and the sound wave will be reflected by the nearby panels to form a significant echo.In ancient China, the number of the singular is called the Yang number, and the double number is called the Yin number.In the number of Yang, the number 9 is “the pole of Yang number”, which indicates that the height of the celestial body is called “the number of days”.The ancients believed that nine is the pole of the Yang number, which indicates that the emperor is the son of heaven and the height of the emperor.Therefore, the whole circular mound altar USES the nine multiple to represent the authority of the heavenly son.The column of the circular mound and the number of steps, etc., are multiples of 9 or 9.The outer layer of the top round SLATE is a fanburning stove, a kiln, an oven, and a platform.North of the altar, there is a royal dry temple, with a width of five, originally placed the ancestor god card, later the card displacement to the temple.The altar also has a prayer gate, the god library, the god cook, the slaughter house, the walk and the corridor and other ancillary buildings.On the south side of the corridor there are seven stars stone, which is the stone of the jiajing period.The main building of the temple of heaven is the hall of prayer, which was built in the eighteenth year of Ming dynasty(1420).Every year, the emperor held a memorial service here, praying for good weather and good harvest.QiNianDian assumes the circular, diameter of 32 meters, QiNianDian 38 meters high, is a three double-hipped roof on the top of the gold treasure of a circular hall, temple eaves color deep blue, is blue glazed tile paving, because the day is blue, the symbol to day.The hall of prayer is excellent in architecture, and the hall of prayer, with 28 nanmu pillars and 36 links, is supported by the eaves of the three layers.The pillars have different symbolic meanings: the four pillars of the center are called the stud, representing the four seasons.The middle twelve pillars representing twelve months;The outer 12 eaves, representing the twelfth hour;The outer layers add up to 24 solar terms.The three layers add up to 28, representing 28 stars.The eight children's pillars on the top of the pillars represent 36 days gang;Baoding the thunder pillar, on behalf of the emperor.Its ancillary buildings include the imperial hall of the emperor, the year of the Lord, the god library, the kitchen of god, the slaughter house, the burnt wood stove, the garden, the table, the walk, and the 72 corridors.The square on the south side of the corridor has seven stars stone with carved mountain cloud pattern, which is the town stone laid in the Ming jiajing.This hall is located in the area of 5900 square meters of the round white jade platform, the platform is divided into 3 layers, the height is 6 meters, each layer has the hanbai jade baluster of carved flowers.This base and hall are inseparable art.When visitors across a front door of QiNianDian, to look and see the straight tube, extended to the south, along the porch of the gate, the smaller the farther, the distant end, have a feeling that came down from heaven.No wonder that a French architectural experts said after a visit to the temple of heaven: skyscrapers than QiNianDian much higher, but not QiNianDian that tall and profound artistic conception, reach QiNianDian height of art.The hall was burned and burned by lightning in 1889(15 years after the qing dynasty).It was said that the main columns of the temple were made of aloes wood, and when burned, the scent of the fragrance could be smelled outside of it.The next year, the emperor summoned the princes to discuss the restoration of the hall of prayer.Because can't find the pattern, in charge of the national construction affairs ministry kept once participated in the temple praying to the repair of the craftsmen were summoned, according to memory, oral, let them produce pattern, construction again.Therefore, the present prayer hall is the building of the qing dynasty guangxu period, but the basic building form, structure and the appearance of the Ming dynasty.Kowloon sunk panel

In the hall of prayer, the ceiling is a delicate “Kowloon caisson”, and longjing column is painted with gold.There is a plane inside the central circular marble, the decorative pattern on the end, is naturally formed longfeng pattern, a row dragon holding a phoenix, this is the “l(fā)ongfeng stone”, namely “in extremely good fortune”.Legend has it that the stone was originally only the phoenix pattern, but the top of the temple only had carved dragons, the older days, the dragon, the phoenix had the inspiration, the golden dragon often flies down to the phoenix to seek the phoenix.Only found one day to worship the emperor jiajing, bow to bow down on the stone, jinlong to fly back, together with the stone of the phoenix was emperor jiajing press it into a boulder, can no longer, since then became a deep shallow longfeng stone.When the house of prayer was burned in 1889, the dragon and phoenix stone was burned by the fire for a day and night.Although the stones were not burnt, the dragon grain was burnt to a light black, and the phoenix lines were blurred.In front of the hall, there are nine rooms of the east and west, which are called the east and west sides.God worship in Ming dynasty, in addition to offering prayers to god, but also with the royal family their ancestors, as well as day, month, five star, east, west, south, north, the big five yue, five township, five small yue, all four blaspheme(lakes), of the thunderstorm, mountains and rivers, tai sui, Taoism and so on various gods and every emperor, etc.Borrow from QiNianDian manner running, the sixth Beijing park festival will be opened in the temple of heaven QiNianDian on August 18, “ten interactive fitness competition”, “ten red movie retrospective”, “top ten brand” of the people's livelihood service hundreds of events such as weaving, give citizens rich cultural feast.The hall of abstinence

The palace is located in the west altar, covering an area of about 40,000 square meters and a double wall.There are 167 corridors around the inner wall.It is the guards' shelter.The main hall is one of the five famous buildings in Beijing.The top is covered with a blue glazed tile, indicating that you dare not call it before heaven.The front patio of the temple is equipped with a pavilion of inscriptions and a bronze pavilion of fasting, a bronze height of 1.5 ruler, wearing the ancient style of official clothes, holding a moment of “fasting” in the bronze medal, the legend of the tang dynasty prime minister wei zheng system(wei zheng is known for daring to admonish).After the main hall is five bedtimes, for the emperor to worship the place of the fast.Dan pursuit bridge

The danba bridge is also known as hai stud road, which is a broad path through the north-south and series central axis.It is built with white stone.Dani bridge north of the valley of prayer, south of circular mound altar, 360 meters long and 29 wide.Four meters, south is low north.In the road, the “Shinto road”, left “the imperial road”, right “wang dao”(accompany the courson road).Avenue, a east-west coupons hole under the call into the shape of the door, every time a sacrifice, all the “sacrifice” tied up with yellow wool, with wooden bowl sheng live fish, drums and through the door “, so the hole is also called the gate of hell.Seven star stone

Seven stars in the square on the east end of the corridor, there are eight large stones.It was said that when the Ming dynasty was founded in Beijing, it wanted to find a place to worship.One night, the gate of heaven was open, and the big dipper fell here, so it was built in heaven.In fact, these stones are very ordinary.In the nine years of Ming jiajing(1530), a Taoist priest said that the place was too empty for the emperor and huang shou.The qing dynasty added a stone to the northeast, indicating that it did not forget its ancestral home.The long corridor

The long corridor is also called the 72nd corridor, which is the link between god's kitchen and the god's kitchen, and also the main road to the hall of prayer.There were seventy-two in the gallery, and seventy in a second.The old legend was the place where the evil spirits gathered, and the shadows were whirling outside the window.Now the long corridor window can all be dismantled, become a beautiful and bright corridor, it is the good place for the tourist to rest the cool

well，that is all for this tour.thank you for your attention.i look forward to your next visit.good luck and bon voyage.北京天壇

北京天壇地處原北京外城的東南部，故宮正南偏東，正陽(yáng)門(mén)外東側(cè)，始建于明朝永樂(lè)十八年（1420年），是中國(guó)古代明、清兩朝歷代皇帝祭天之地。這個(gè)建筑綜合體是帝王祭天的場(chǎng)所，它創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)象征性的聯(lián)系，來(lái)加強(qiáng)孔子的社會(huì)的等級(jí)制度。總面積為273公頃，是明清兩代帝王用以“祭天”“祈谷”的建筑。天壇（Temple of Heaven）1961年，國(guó)務(wù)院公布天壇為“全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位”；1998年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織確認(rèn)為“世界文化遺產(chǎn)”；2009年，北京天壇入選中國(guó)世界紀(jì)錄協(xié)會(huì)中國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大的皇帝祭天建筑。

主要景點(diǎn)

圜丘壇

圜丘壇又稱(chēng)祭天臺(tái)、拜天臺(tái)、祭臺(tái)，是一座露天的三層圓形石壇，為皇帝冬至祭天的地方，始建于明嘉靖九年（1530年），清乾隆十四年（1749年）擴(kuò)建。壇周長(zhǎng)534米，壇高5.2米，分上、中、下三層，各層欄板望柱及臺(tái)階數(shù)目均用陽(yáng)數(shù)（又稱(chēng)“天數(shù)”，即九的倍數(shù)），符”九五"之尊。壇面用艾葉青石砌就。壇面除中心石是圓形外，外圍各圈均為扇面形，數(shù)目也是陽(yáng)數(shù)。每層都有漢白玉欄板望柱，均為9的倍數(shù)。頂層中心的圓形石板叫做太陽(yáng)石或者天心石，站在其上呼喊或敲擊，聲波會(huì)被近旁的欄板反射，形成顯著的回音。

古代中國(guó)將單數(shù)稱(chēng)作陽(yáng)數(shù)，雙數(shù)稱(chēng)作陰數(shù)。在陽(yáng)數(shù)中，數(shù)字9是“陽(yáng)數(shù)之極”，表示天體的至高至大，叫作“天數(shù)”。古人認(rèn)為九是陽(yáng)數(shù)之極，表示至高至大，皇帝是天子，也至高至大，所以整個(gè)圜丘壇都采用九的倍數(shù)來(lái)表示天子的權(quán)威。圜丘壇的欄板望柱和臺(tái)階數(shù)等，處處是9或者9的倍數(shù)。頂層圓形石板的外層是扇面形石塊，共有9層。最內(nèi)一層有9塊石塊，而每往外一層就遞增9塊，中下層亦是如此。三層欄板的數(shù)量分別是上屋欄板72塊，中層108塊，下層180塊，合360周天度數(shù)。三層壇面的直徑總和為45丈，除了是9的倍數(shù)外，還暗含“九五之尊”的寓意。

圜丘壇外有兩重圍墻，內(nèi)圓外方，四面各辟欞星門(mén)一座。西南角有望燈臺(tái)三座（南北二座只余遺跡），東南角有燔柴爐、瘞坎、燎爐和具服臺(tái)。壇東還有神庫(kù)、神廚、宰牲亭、祭器庫(kù)、樂(lè)器庫(kù)和棕建庫(kù)等附屬建筑。

皇穹宇

圜丘壇以北是皇穹宇，皇穹宇院落位于圜丘壇外壝北側(cè)，坐北朝南，圓形圍墻，南面設(shè)三座琉璃門(mén)，主要建筑有皇穹宇和東西配殿，是供奉圜丘壇祭祀神位的場(chǎng)所。祭天時(shí)使用的祭祀神牌都存放在這里。它始建于嘉靖九年（1530年），初名泰神殿，十七年（1538年）起改稱(chēng)皇穹宇。乾隆十七年（1752年）重修后為鎏金寶頂單檐攢尖頂建筑，用藍(lán)色琉璃瓦鋪設(shè)屋頂，象征青天。大殿直徑15.6米，高19.02米，由八根金柱和八根檐柱共同支撐起巨大的殿頂，三層天花藻井層層收進(jìn)，構(gòu)造精巧。殿正中有漢白玉雕花的圓形石座，供奉“皇天上帝”牌位，左右配享皇帝祖先的神牌。正殿東西各有配殿，分別供奉日月星辰和云雨雷電等諸神牌位。整個(gè)殿宇的外觀狀似圓亭，坐落在2米多高的漢白玉須彌座臺(tái)基上，周?chē)O(shè)石護(hù)欄。另外，在皇穹宇殿前到大門(mén)中間的石板路上，由北向南的三塊石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇門(mén)窗關(guān)閉而且附近沒(méi)有障礙的情況下，站立于第一塊石板上擊掌，可聽(tīng)到回音一聲；于第二塊石板上擊掌，可聽(tīng)到回音兩聲；于第三塊石板上擊掌，可聽(tīng)到回音三聲。

回音壁是皇穹宇的圍墻。墻高3.72米，厚0.9米，直徑61.5米，周長(zhǎng)193.2米。墻壁是用磨磚對(duì)縫砌成的，墻頭覆著藍(lán)色琉璃瓦。圍墻的弧度十分規(guī)則，墻面極其光滑整齊，對(duì)聲波的折射是十分規(guī)則的。只要兩個(gè)人分別站在東、西配殿后，貼墻而立，一個(gè)人靠墻向北說(shuō)話，聲波就會(huì)沿著墻壁連續(xù)折射前進(jìn)，傳到一、二百米的另一端，無(wú)論說(shuō)話聲音多小，也可以使對(duì)方聽(tīng)得清清楚楚，而且聲音悠長(zhǎng)，堪稱(chēng)奇趣，給人造成一種“天人感應(yīng)”的神秘氣氛。所以稱(chēng)之為“回音壁”。

祈年殿

祈年殿在天壇的北部，也稱(chēng)為祈谷壇，原名大祈殿、大享殿，始建于明永樂(lè)十八年（1420年），是天壇最早的建筑物。乾隆十六年（1751年）修繕后，改名為祈年殿。光緒十五年（1889年）毀于雷火，數(shù)年后按原樣重建。目前的祈年殿是一座直徑32.72米的圓形建筑，鎏金寶頂藍(lán)瓦三重檐攢尖頂，層層收進(jìn)，總高38米。

祈年殿的殿座就是圓形的祈谷壇，三層6米高，氣勢(shì)巍峨。壇周有矮墻一重，東南角設(shè)燔柴爐、瘞坎、燎爐和具服臺(tái)。壇北有皇干殿，面闊五間，原先放置祖先神牌，后來(lái)牌位移至太廟。壇邊還有祈年門(mén)、神庫(kù)、神廚、宰牲亭、走牲路和長(zhǎng)廊等附屬建筑。長(zhǎng)廊南面的廣場(chǎng)上有七星石，是嘉靖年間放置的鎮(zhèn)石。

天壇的主體建筑是祈年殿，始建于明永樂(lè)十八年（1420年）。皇帝每年都在這里舉行祭天儀式，祈禱風(fēng)調(diào)雨順、五谷豐登。祈年殿呈圓形，直徑32米，祈年殿高38米，是一座有鎏金寶頂?shù)娜亻艿膱A形大殿，殿檐顏色深藍(lán)，是用藍(lán)色琉璃瓦鋪砌的，因?yàn)樘焓撬{(lán)色的，以此來(lái)象征天。

祈年殿在建筑上出色之處是，祈年殿用28根楠木大柱和36塊互相銜接的榜、桷，支撐著三層連體的殿檐。這些大柱有不同的象征意義：中央四柱叫通天柱，代表四季；中層十二根金柱，代表十二個(gè)月；外層十二根檐柱，代表十二時(shí)辰；中外層相加二十四根代表二十四節(jié)氣；三層相加二十八根，代表二十八星宿；加柱頂八根童柱，代表三十六天罡；寶頂下雷公柱，代表皇帝一統(tǒng)天下。其附屬建筑有皇乾殿、祈年門(mén)、神庫(kù)、神廚、宰牲亭、燔柴爐、瘞坎、具服臺(tái)、走牲路及72間長(zhǎng)廊等。長(zhǎng)廊南面的廣場(chǎng)上有七星石，石上鏤刻山形云紋圖案，是明嘉靖時(shí)放置的鎮(zhèn)石。

這座大殿坐落在面積達(dá)5900多平方米的圓形漢白玉臺(tái)基上，臺(tái)基分3層，高6米，每層都有雕花的漢白玉欄桿。這個(gè)臺(tái)基與大殿是不可分的藝術(shù)整體。當(dāng)游人跨出祈年殿的大門(mén)，往南望去，只見(jiàn)那條筆直的甬道，往南伸去，一路上門(mén)廊重重，越遠(yuǎn)越小，極目無(wú)盡，有一種從天上下來(lái)的感覺(jué)。難怪一位法國(guó)的建筑專(zhuān)家在游覽了天壇之后說(shuō)：摩天大廈比祈年殿高得多，但卻沒(méi)有祈年殿那種高大與深邃的意境，達(dá)不到祈年殿的藝術(shù)高度。這座大殿在1889年（清光緒十五年）被雷擊起火焚毀，據(jù)說(shuō)，當(dāng)時(shí)殿的大柱是用沉香木做的，燃燒時(shí)，清香的氣味，數(shù)里之外都可以聞到。翌年，皇帝召集群臣商量重建祈年殿。因找不到圖樣，掌管?chē)?guó)家建筑事務(wù)的工部便把曾經(jīng)參加過(guò)祈所殿修繕事務(wù)的工匠們召集來(lái)，讓他們根據(jù)記憶、口述制成圖樣，再施工建造。因此，現(xiàn)在的祈年殿是清代光緒年間的建筑，但是，基本建筑形式、結(jié)構(gòu)，還保留著明代的樣子。

九龍?jiān)寰?/p>

祈年殿內(nèi)，天花板處是精致的“九龍?jiān)寰保埦鶆t是描金彩繪。殿內(nèi)中央有一塊平面圓形大理石，石面上的花紋，是自然形成的龍鳳花紋，一條行龍抱著一只鳳凰，這便是“龍鳳石”，即“龍鳳呈祥”。相傳，這塊石頭上原來(lái)只有鳳紋，而殿頂藻井內(nèi)只有雕龍，年長(zhǎng)日久，龍、鳳有了靈感，金龍常常飛下來(lái)找鳳石上的鳳凰尋歡。不料有一天正遇見(jiàn)嘉靖皇帝來(lái)祭天，在石上跪拜行禮，金龍來(lái)不及飛回去，和石上的鳳凰一起被嘉靖皇帝壓進(jìn)圓石里面，再也無(wú)法出來(lái)，從此才變成一深一淺的龍鳳石。1889年祈年殿被焚燒時(shí)，這塊龍鳳石被烈火熏燒了一個(gè)晝夜，石塊雖未被燒碎，但龍紋被燒成淺黑色，鳳紋被燒得模糊不清。祈年殿前有東、西配殿各九間，稱(chēng)東廡和西廡，是收藏配神牌位的庫(kù)房。明代祭天時(shí)，除祭禱皇天上帝外，還要配祭皇族朱氏祖先，以及日、月五星，東、西、南、北、中的五大岳，五小岳的五鎮(zhèn)，四海四瀆（河湖）、風(fēng)云雷雨、山川、太歲、道教等各神祗和歷代帝王等。

借于祈年殿的氣勢(shì)巍峨，第六屆北京公園節(jié)將于8月18日在天壇祈年殿開(kāi)幕，“十項(xiàng)互動(dòng)健身競(jìng)賽”、“十部紅色電影回顧展”、“十大服務(wù)民生品牌”等百余項(xiàng)活動(dòng)交織登場(chǎng)，為市民獻(xiàn)上豐富的文化盛宴。

齋宮

齋宮位于西壇門(mén)內(nèi)，占地約四萬(wàn)平方米，雙重圍墻，內(nèi)墻四周有廊167間，是衛(wèi)士們避風(fēng)雨處，正殿為五間無(wú)梁殿，是京城著名建筑之一。頂部用藍(lán)色琉璃瓦覆蓋，表示在天之前不敢稱(chēng)尊。殿前露臺(tái)上設(shè)有時(shí)辰碑亭和齋戒銅人亭，銅人高1．5尺，身穿古代文官服，手持一刻有“齋戒”二字的銅牌，相傳是仿唐朝宰相魏征而制（魏征以敢諫著稱(chēng)）。正殿后是五間寢宮，為皇帝祭祀前齋戒的地方。

丹陛橋

丹陛橋又叫海墁大道，是一條貫通南北、串聯(lián)中軸線上建筑的寬廣甬路，以白石筑成。丹陛橋北連祈谷壇，南接圜丘壇，長(zhǎng)360米，寬29．4米，南低北高。路面中為“神道”，左為“御道”，右為“王道”（陪臣走的路）。大道下有一東西走向的券洞，叫進(jìn)牲門(mén)，每次祭祀，都用黃絨線將“牲”捆好，用木盆盛活魚(yú)，擊鼓奏樂(lè)穿門(mén)而過(guò)，因此此洞也叫鬼門(mén)關(guān)。

七星石

七星石在長(zhǎng)廊東端的廣場(chǎng)上，有八塊巨石。傳 說(shuō)明代建都北京時(shí)想尋找一祭天場(chǎng)所，一天夜里，天門(mén)大開(kāi)，北斗七星落于此地，于是在此建天壇祀 天。其實(shí)這些石頭極為普通，明嘉靖九年（1530 年），有一道士說(shuō)這里太空曠，不利于皇位和皇壽，就設(shè)七石鎮(zhèn)在這里。清朝又在東北方加一石頭，表示不忘祖籍。

長(zhǎng)廊

長(zhǎng)廊也叫七十二廊，既是聯(lián)接神庫(kù)、神廚等處的紐帶，也是通往祈年殿的主道。該廊有七十二間，又叫七十二連房。舊時(shí)傳說(shuō)是七十二地煞鬼聚集的地方，窗外松影婆娑，陰森可怖。現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)廊窗坎全部被拆除，成了一條美麗豁亮的通廊，是游人休息納涼的好去處

第三篇：天壇景點(diǎn)介紹

? 景點(diǎn)介紹 ? 亮點(diǎn)

? 1.世界上最大的祭天建筑群，徜徉其中，欣賞其建筑藝術(shù)的精巧奇特。? 2.觀賞中國(guó)祭天禮儀，感受古代帝王祭天的莊嚴(yán)宏大場(chǎng)面。?

? 天壇位于北京正陽(yáng)門(mén)東南方向，為明、清兩朝皇帝祭天、求雨和祈禱豐年的專(zhuān)用祭壇，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、最完美的古代祭天建筑群。壇域北呈圓形，南為方形，寓意“天圓地方”。四周環(huán)筑壇墻兩道，把整個(gè)天壇分為內(nèi)壇、外壇兩部分，祈年殿、回音壁等耳熟能詳?shù)慕ㄖ嘉挥趦?nèi)壇。?

? 內(nèi)壇以宮墻分為南北兩部分，北部為“祈谷壇”，是皇帝在春季舉行祈谷大典的場(chǎng)所，祈禱風(fēng)調(diào)雨順、五谷豐登，主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、東西配殿、祈年門(mén)、神廚、宰牲亭、七十二長(zhǎng)廊等。南部為“圜丘壇”，是一座露天的三層圓形石壇，為皇帝冬至日祭天的地方，主要建筑有圜丘壇、皇穹宇及配殿、神廚、三庫(kù)及宰牲亭等。連接兩壇的是一條長(zhǎng)360米、寬28米、高2.5米的磚石臺(tái)，稱(chēng)為“神道”，又稱(chēng)“海墁大道”，也叫“丹陛橋”，寓意著上天庭要經(jīng)過(guò)的漫長(zhǎng)道路。?

? 游玩天壇，除了觀賞各殿堂的精巧建筑、追尋古代帝王祭天的宏大場(chǎng)面外，回音壁、三音石等奇巧的設(shè)計(jì)也一樣令人慨嘆古人的智慧。在皇穹宇殿前到大門(mén)中間的石板路上，由北向南的三塊石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇門(mén)窗關(guān)閉而且附近沒(méi)有障礙的情況下，站立于第一塊石板上擊掌，可聽(tīng)到回音一聲；于第二塊石板上擊掌，可聽(tīng)到回音兩聲；于第三塊石板上擊掌，可聽(tīng)到回音三聲。?

? 單純的參觀，可能對(duì)古代帝王祭天儀式總是沒(méi)有具體的概念。不要緊，設(shè)在祈年殿西配殿的祭天禮儀館里詳細(xì)介紹了中國(guó)祭天禮儀的演變過(guò)程，重點(diǎn)展示了清代祭天大典的禮儀情況，包括各種祭天禮器和祭天程序等，其中《清乾隆十三年大駕鹵簿圖》第一次展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)皇家最高儀仗的風(fēng)貌，尤為精彩不可錯(cuò)過(guò)。而設(shè)在祈年殿東配殿的祭天樂(lè)舞館則以編鐘、編磬等清代中和韶樂(lè)的樂(lè)器實(shí)物，結(jié)合文字和圖片，全面介紹了中和韶樂(lè)的歷史沿革、樂(lè)舞制度、管理機(jī)構(gòu)及祈谷大典時(shí)的演樂(lè)場(chǎng)面，使游人對(duì)祭天樂(lè)舞有直觀和全面的了解。?

? 景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)覽

? 天壇游覽路線相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，一般可遵循南門(mén)進(jìn)北門(mén)（或東門(mén)）出的方式。? 南門(mén)-圜丘-皇穹宇-丹陛橋-齋宮-神樂(lè)署-祈年殿-皇乾殿-長(zhǎng)廊-北門(mén)（東門(mén)）?

? 天壇主要景點(diǎn)

? 圜丘又稱(chēng)祭天臺(tái)、拜天臺(tái)、祭臺(tái)，是一座露天的三層圓形石壇，艾葉青石臺(tái)面，漢白玉圍欄。圜丘形圓如天，高三層，上層中心為一塊圓石，外鋪扇面形石塊九圈，內(nèi)圈九塊，以九的倍數(shù)依次向外延展，欄板、望柱也都用九或九的倍數(shù)，象征“天”數(shù)。圜丘壇外有兩重圍墻，內(nèi)圓外方，四面各辟欞星門(mén)一座。西南角有望燈臺(tái)，東南角有燔柴爐、燎爐和具服臺(tái)。壇東還有神庫(kù)、神廚、宰牲亭、祭器庫(kù)、樂(lè)器庫(kù)和棕建庫(kù)等附屬建筑。?

? 皇穹宇位于圜丘壇北面，坐北朝南，主要建筑有皇穹宇主殿和東西配殿，是供奉圜丘壇祭祀神位的場(chǎng)所。整個(gè)殿宇的外觀狀似圓亭，坐落在2米多高的漢白玉須彌座臺(tái)基上，周?chē)O(shè)石護(hù)欄。?

? 祈年殿是整個(gè)天壇的重心，是一座鎏金寶頂?shù)娜亻軋A形大殿，直徑32米，高38米，殿檐用藍(lán)色琉璃瓦鋪成，象征碧藍(lán)的天空。主體由28根楠木大柱支撐，環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)排列。中間4根高19.2米、直徑1.2米，稱(chēng)為龍井柱，象征一年四季，支撐上層屋檐；中間12根略細(xì)，稱(chēng)為金柱，象征一年十二個(gè)月，支撐第二層屋檐；外圍12根稱(chēng)檐柱，象征一天的十二個(gè)時(shí)辰，支撐第三層屋檐。各個(gè)柱子描金彩繪，殿頂天花板為精致的“九龍?jiān)寰眻D案，金碧輝煌。?

? 齋宮是皇帝舉行祭天大典前進(jìn)行齋戒的場(chǎng)所，位于祈年殿西南部，分內(nèi)外兩重。外層主要兼有防衛(wèi)設(shè)施和鐘樓，內(nèi)層分前、中、后三部分。前部為正殿，后部是皇帝的寢宮，中部是太監(jiān)的值守房。?

? 神樂(lè)署位于天壇西外壇，為明清時(shí)期演習(xí)祭祀禮樂(lè)的場(chǎng)所，曾被譽(yù)為明清兩朝最高的禮樂(lè)學(xué)府。現(xiàn)在神樂(lè)署中常有古樂(lè)器演出，具體時(shí)間請(qǐng)查詢(xún)官網(wǎng)新津旅游攻略 ? 東方旅游攻略

第四篇：介紹北京天壇導(dǎo)游詞

介紹北京天壇導(dǎo)游詞

作為一名可信賴(lài)的導(dǎo)游人員，常常需要準(zhǔn)備導(dǎo)游詞，導(dǎo)游詞作為一種解說(shuō)的文體，它的作用是幫助游客在旅游的同時(shí)更好地理解所旅游的景點(diǎn)包含的文化背景和歷史意義。那么寫(xiě)導(dǎo)游詞需要注意哪些問(wèn)題呢？以下是小編整理的介紹北京天壇導(dǎo)游詞，歡迎大家分享。

各位游客：

大家好！

我是北京天壇導(dǎo)游―劉雪琪，大家可以叫我劉導(dǎo)。今天我將陪同大家觀光游覽北京天壇。

我們現(xiàn)在看見(jiàn)的就是天壇。天壇是明清兩朝皇帝祭天、祈禱豐收的場(chǎng)所，也是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大的一處壇廟建筑，天壇東西長(zhǎng)1700米，南北長(zhǎng)1600米。總面積為273萬(wàn)平方米，并有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻，北面是圓形，南面是方形，象征“天圓地方”。

現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家跟我往里走。這里是祈年殿，它高38.2米，直徑24.2米，坐北朝南，一整個(gè)大殿都是木質(zhì)的，其中雕有金龍的四根代表春、夏、秋、冬四個(gè)季節(jié)。其余的代表十二個(gè)月和十二個(gè)時(shí)辰。

再往里走就是回音壁了，城壁使用磨磚砌成的，墻頭覆蓋著藍(lán)色玻璃瓦。回音壁具有奇特的回音效果，一個(gè)人靠墻說(shuō)話，傳到一、二百米的另一端，對(duì)方聽(tīng)得清清楚楚，堪稱(chēng)奇趣，造成一種“天人感應(yīng)”的神秘氣氛。大家不防試一試。

請(qǐng)大家往回音壁的外圍看，那是一株500余歲的檜柏，由于樹(shù)干紋理非常的奇特，好像九條蟠龍纏繞嬉戲，所以它叫九龍柏。大家可以和它合影留念。

各位游客朋友們，今天北京天壇一日游就快結(jié)束了，大家玩得開(kāi)心嗎?希望下次有機(jī)會(huì)還能為大家做導(dǎo)游。

各位游客：

大家好!

今天我們要參觀的是以前皇帝祭天的地方天壇。

天壇是明朝永樂(lè)皇帝建成的祭天圣殿，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻，北圓南方，寓意天圓地方。乾隆年間，將大祀殿改為現(xiàn)在祈年殿，將屋頂改為藍(lán)色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我們看到的這個(gè)世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

這一祭天圣地，在1860年遭遇了英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫，1900年又遭到了八國(guó)聯(lián)軍的蹂躪，新中國(guó)成立以后，這里成了著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，還有很多健身的人們。

現(xiàn)在就讓我們沿著當(dāng)年皇帝登壇的線路開(kāi)始游覽。

現(xiàn)在我們是沿著天壇建筑的中軸線在向南行進(jìn)，將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘壇有兩道圍護(hù)墻，外方內(nèi)圓，符合天圓地方的說(shuō)法。每道墻都有四組門(mén)，門(mén)的大小都不一樣，這是因?yàn)橹虚T(mén)是皇帝專(zhuān)用的，所以高大，皇帝只能從左側(cè)的進(jìn)入。

而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門(mén)通過(guò)。來(lái)到圜丘壇下，我們馬上就要開(kāi)始登壇了，不過(guò)要請(qǐng)您留心數(shù)一數(shù)，每一層壇面有多少臺(tái)階。到了最高層，大家都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，壇上所有的階數(shù)，都是九或九的倍數(shù)。這些難道都是巧合么?當(dāng)然不是，因?yàn)楣湃苏J(rèn)為九的極陽(yáng)數(shù)。所以工匠們變用這個(gè)數(shù)字來(lái)賦予圜丘壇的“崇高”之意。

謝謝你們來(lái)北京天壇，歡迎下次再來(lái)啦!

各位!現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到了圜丘壇景區(qū)，其實(shí)呀，它才是真正的“天壇”，因?yàn)檫@里才是皇帝在冬至祭天用的祭天臺(tái)。圜丘壇建于明嘉靖年間，即公元1530年，位于整個(gè)院落的南端，我先給大家介紹一下圜丘壇院落中的陳設(shè)。請(qǐng)看西邊，那里有一桿很高的木桿，它叫望燈桿，是祭天的時(shí)候掛燈籠用的。各位也許要問(wèn)：祭天掛什么燈籠呀?當(dāng)然要掛啦!因?yàn)楫?dāng)年祭天的時(shí)間不是在白天，而是在日出前七刻，即零晨四點(diǎn)一刻。您想想，在漆黑的冬夜，老百姓都在被窩里熟睡的時(shí)候，皇帝來(lái)祭天，也真是夠辛苦的，掛個(gè)燈籠照個(gè)亮，不過(guò)分吧?不過(guò)，皇帝照亮，非同一般，那必須是“吉燈高照”。那么現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家猜一猜這座燈竿有多高?現(xiàn)在我來(lái)宣布正確答案：燈桿的高度是九丈九尺九寸，為什么不再加點(diǎn)湊夠10丈呢?肯定有原因，不錯(cuò)，請(qǐng)各位先猜猜看，待會(huì)兒我再告訴大家。不僅燈桿不一般，那燈籠也不一般，高有兩米，直徑兩米六，夠氣派吧!但最不一般的還得說(shuō)那燈籠中的蟠龍通霄寶蠟，長(zhǎng)有一米三，直徑三十厘米，可連續(xù)燃燒12個(gè)小時(shí)，既不用剪蠟花，也不流蠟油，是當(dāng)年皇帝祭天的專(zhuān)用寶蠟。

再看看東邊的這個(gè)綠色建筑物，它的名字叫燔柴爐，是在祭天大典結(jié)束后，焚燒祝板及祭品的地方。這是鐵鐐爐，在進(jìn)行大典的時(shí)候爐內(nèi)燃燒松桿、松柏，同時(shí)還燒些檀香木，一時(shí)間火光沖天，香煙繚繞，不但增加了神秘莊嚴(yán)的氣氛，而且在寒冷的冬夜給皇帝帶來(lái)了一絲暖意，真是一舉多得呀!

現(xiàn)在，言歸正傳，我給大家介紹一下圜丘壇，它是一座三層的圓形石臺(tái)，為什么要將祭天臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)成圓形呢?因?yàn)楣糯藗冋J(rèn)為天是圓的，地是方的，既然是祭天臺(tái)，自然要設(shè)計(jì)成圓形了。普通人看這座祭天臺(tái)是用大理石建制的，但設(shè)計(jì)者們是用數(shù)字“九”建成了這座神秘的祭天臺(tái)，現(xiàn)在我們一起來(lái)找找那些神秘的“九”看它們藏在何處。

(走近圜丘壇，在圜丘壇的近前)

耳聽(tīng)為虛，眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)，在這兒咱們不妨來(lái)個(gè)腳踏為實(shí)，請(qǐng)大家一邊登上這一組臺(tái)階，一邊數(shù)數(shù)這組臺(tái)階有多少級(jí)(自地面層到底間層，因?yàn)檫@里人少，面積大)一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九，正好九級(jí)(把客人帶到底層平臺(tái)的東側(cè))。往上還有兩組臺(tái)階，每組也是九級(jí)，整個(gè)圜丘壇東、南、西、北各開(kāi)一口，每個(gè)登壇口都有上、中、下三組臺(tái)階，每一組臺(tái)階都是九級(jí)，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)找到了12個(gè)“九”了。我們?cè)僬艺铱矗_下底層祭壇的壇面直徑21丈，沒(méi)有“九”，中層直徑15丈，也沒(méi)有“九”，頂層“九”丈，有一個(gè)“九”，如果把三層直徑相加，便是四十五，五九四十五，不但有“九”還有“五”，象征皇帝的“xx”之尊。真是巧奪天工!那么，別的地方還有“九”嗎?有!請(qǐng)各位更上二層“九”，我們到最上層看一看。

(在圜丘壇頂端，東側(cè)無(wú)人處)

各位，現(xiàn)在有沒(méi)有感到“九”的氣味兒更濃了?大家請(qǐng)看壇面中心，有塊圓形石塊，它叫天心石，被一層一層的扇形石板所環(huán)繞，這第一環(huán)是九塊，第二環(huán)是二“九”一十八塊，第三環(huán)是三九二十七塊，直到最邊上一環(huán)為九九八十一塊。再看一看中層，它由十個(gè)九塊開(kāi)始至十八個(gè)九塊，底層至十九個(gè)九塊至二十七個(gè)九塊，即三層壇面，每層鋪九環(huán)石板，每環(huán)石塊又都是九的倍數(shù)，自一倍至二十七倍，這樣，上、中、下三層壇面共鋪石板3402塊，即378個(gè)“九”。

還記得嗎?剛才我們看到的望燈桿高九丈九尺九寸，燔柴爐兩側(cè)臺(tái)階各九級(jí)，皇帝還嫌不夠，祭天時(shí)還要向皇天上帝敬酒，可見(jiàn)皇帝對(duì)九的崇敬，為什么?咱們下壇再說(shuō)。

(天心石講解)

各位請(qǐng)看，在祭天臺(tái)中心有一塊突起的圓形石塊，它叫“天心石”，又叫“億兆景從石”，為何叫天心石呢?據(jù)說(shuō)這塊石頭是宇宙的中心，是皇帝與天上諸神們相互交流的“天界”，故心有靈犀者，便可在此與“神”交流一番。那為什么又叫“億兆景從石”呢?“億兆”是多的意思，“景從”是象影子一樣隨從，所以說(shuō)白了“億兆景從石”就是“一呼百應(yīng)石”，這是一組奇妙的聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象，即當(dāng)你站在圓心石上，輕聲說(shuō)話時(shí)，聲音不僅宏大，而且有共鳴及回音。那么，這是什么原因造成的現(xiàn)象呢?請(qǐng)看，由于壇面十分光潔平整，聲波傳到周?chē)氖瘷跅U后能迅速地被反射回來(lái)，據(jù)聲學(xué)專(zhuān)家測(cè)驗(yàn)，從發(fā)音到聲波再回到圓心石的時(shí)間僅為0.07秒，說(shuō)話者根本無(wú)法分清它是原音還是回聲，所以有一呼百應(yīng)的感覺(jué)。當(dāng)皇帝站在天心石上說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，感到不僅有神助——聲音宏亮，又有人助——一呼百應(yīng)，身為人君者便把這一呼百應(yīng)的回聲當(dāng)成是天下萬(wàn)民對(duì)自己的無(wú)限忠心及一致響應(yīng)。以前只有皇帝才能站在這里說(shuō)話，現(xiàn)在我們也可以蹬上天心石許下一個(gè)美好的愿望。不過(guò)，別貪心，每人只能許下一個(gè)心愿，現(xiàn)在我們推舉一名德高望眾的朋友為我們大家許個(gè)愿吧!

(九的揭密，在走下圜丘壇后的東北側(cè)講解)

各位朋友，現(xiàn)在是我們解開(kāi)“九”的秘密的時(shí)候了，我問(wèn)問(wèn)大家，自然界最大的東西是什么?對(duì)了，是天;自然數(shù)里最大的數(shù)字是什么?是“九”。根據(jù)陰陽(yáng)學(xué)說(shuō)，在天地間，天為陽(yáng)，地為陰;在數(shù)字中奇數(shù)為陽(yáng)，偶數(shù)為陰;在方向上南為陽(yáng)，北為陰，所以“九”與“天”都屬陽(yáng)，都是老大，所以古代用“九”象征天，于是用“九”來(lái)筑祭天臺(tái)便是天經(jīng)地義的事了。

祭祀完畢，皇帝回宮，那么皇天上帝的牌位何去何從?當(dāng)然，也要回宮，不過(guò)它可不回人間的宮殿，而是人間的天宮，在哪里呢?那就是我們前面的那座建筑---皇穹宇，好!我們現(xiàn)在便去天宮拜訪一下皇天上帝。

各位朋友，現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到了皇穹宇。這里是在祭天大典后存放皇天上帝及其它諸神牌位的地方，即皇天上帝和諸神的寢宮，除大典外，其余時(shí)間，眾神便在這里休息，即人間的“天堂”。皇穹宇建于公元1530年，位于圜丘壇之北，整組建筑由一堵圓形的墻所環(huán)繞，院內(nèi)有三座建筑，即存放皇天上帝牌位的正殿---皇穹宇及存放日月星辰、風(fēng)云雷電諸神牌位的東西配殿。

正殿皇穹宇象一把巨大的雨傘，其殿頂呈圓形，基座為圓形，院落的圍墻也是圓形，這些“圓”都是敬天禮神的象征，但也正是這些“圓”及建筑，造就了不可思議的奇跡，即皇穹宇院內(nèi)的三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象。首先，我們來(lái)看一看這院落的圓形圍墻，它就是聞名中外的建筑——回音壁。那么回音壁有何神奇之處呢?其現(xiàn)象是這樣的：如果兩人站在兩座配殿后的圍墻下，均面部朝北對(duì)墻小聲說(shuō)話，都能非常清晰地聽(tīng)到對(duì)方所講的話。這是為什么呢?因?yàn)檠剑麄€(gè)圍墻是圓形的，又磨磚對(duì)縫，墻面十分光滑，再加上圍墻頂部蓋有檐瓦，聲音不宜散失，于是聲波便沿著圓墻連續(xù)反射而產(chǎn)生回音。各位可以試一試，我們五分鐘后到皇穹宇前集合。

下面請(qǐng)各位看看第二個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象。請(qǐng)看皇穹宇丹陛下有三塊石頭，如果站在第一塊石頭上拍手，會(huì)聽(tīng)到一次回音;如果站在第二塊石頭上拍手，可以聽(tīng)到二次回聲;如果站在第三塊石頭上拍手，可以聽(tīng)到三次回音，故稱(chēng)此石為三音石。其實(shí)據(jù)聲學(xué)專(zhuān)家測(cè)量，如果這里足夠安靜，在三音石上拍手，其回聲是無(wú)限次的，只是我們?nèi)祟?lèi)只能聽(tīng)到三聲。這又是為什么呢?原因很簡(jiǎn)單，如果你站在三音石上環(huán)顧一下四周，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，噢!原來(lái)我站在了整座院落的中心，那里是回聲產(chǎn)生的最佳位置。

第三個(gè)有趣的地方是從丹陛上往南數(shù)的第十八塊石頭，它被稱(chēng)為對(duì)話石，其奇特之處是：如果一人站在該石板上，另外兩人分別站在東西配殿的西北角及東北角，那這三個(gè)人輕聲說(shuō)話就象打電話一樣清晰，這是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)怂幍奈恢们∏墒且粋€(gè)邊長(zhǎng)為36米的等邊三角形的三個(gè)頂尖上，故產(chǎn)生了這種奇特的現(xiàn)象。在這個(gè)充滿(mǎn)神奇的小院里，可能還會(huì)有其它的“秘密”等待著我們?nèi)グl(fā)現(xiàn)，也許您就是發(fā)現(xiàn)者，好!下面請(qǐng)各位感受一下三音石及對(duì)話石的妙趣，5分鐘后我們?cè)陂T(mén)口集合。

各位游客：

大家好！

我是你們的導(dǎo)游，在今后的幾天里你們就叫我季導(dǎo)就可以了。首先歡迎各位來(lái)到這美麗雄偉的天壇!今天我們主要參觀祈谷壇、祈年殿、圜丘壇、齋宮等名勝古跡。參觀的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)大家把垃圾扔進(jìn)垃圾箱，或者隨身攜帶的塑料袋，爭(zhēng)做文明游客喲!

天壇其實(shí)是明、清兩代皇帝“祭天”“祈谷”的場(chǎng)所，位于正陽(yáng)門(mén)外東側(cè)。壇域北呈圓形，南為方形，寓意為“天圓地方”。內(nèi)壇――就是我們現(xiàn)在所在的地方，分為南北兩部分。游客們，你們看這北邊的建筑，它叫“祈谷壇”。相傳在清、明兩朝時(shí)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)生產(chǎn)力非常低下，收成都是老天爺掌握的，所以就在北邊修建了一座專(zhuān)門(mén)祈禱豐年的“祈谷壇”，每年由皇帝在春天向老天祈求，賜予人間好的收成。

請(qǐng)大家跟著我走，我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)到了內(nèi)壇中心建筑“祈年殿”。它坐落在三層圓形的高大的石臺(tái)墓上，是座三重檐的圓形大殿，高38米，直徑30米。三重殿均有深藍(lán)色的琉璃瓦，層層縮小，顯放射形，頂上冠以巨大的鎏金寶頂。這座大殿在建筑與造型上都有很大的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。潔白的臺(tái)基象征白云，深藍(lán)色的殿頂象征蒼穹，柱子、彩畫(huà)、鎏金寶頂象征彩霞，綜合而成為藍(lán)天玉宇的優(yōu)美造型。

游客們快看啊，這南邊的雄偉建筑“圜丘壇”專(zhuān)門(mén)用于冬至日祭天，中心建筑是一座巨大的圓形石臺(tái)，名為“圜丘”。兩壇之間總長(zhǎng)360米，高出了地面甬道，丹陛橋相連，共同形成了一個(gè)南北長(zhǎng)1200米的天壇建筑軸線，兩側(cè)為大面積的古柏林。

穿過(guò)甬道，我們看到的這座建筑物是西天門(mén)內(nèi)南側(cè)的“齋宮”。據(jù)說(shuō)是皇帝祈禱前齋戒時(shí)的住所。“齋宮”也因此得名。

聽(tīng)了我的介紹，你們一定很想仔細(xì)游賞一下天壇的美景，拍拍照，留個(gè)念。下面的時(shí)間就留給大家，大家有足夠的時(shí)間暢游。1小時(shí)以后，我們還在這里集合，希望大家遵守時(shí)間，注意保持園內(nèi)衛(wèi)生。一會(huì)兒見(jiàn)!

各位游客：

大家好，我是你們的導(dǎo)游，曹宇翔。

下面我要給大家講講天壇的傳說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在大家抬頭看一下這就是美麗的天壇，從遠(yuǎn)出看是個(gè)八角形寶塔。

天壇是王屋的主峰，高峰聳寺深古縱橫，一峰突起，萬(wàn)峰臣伏，唯我獨(dú)尊，從南向北看中間高，兩邊低，好似屋頂像王者之屋，稱(chēng)王屋山。天壇原名叫瓊林臺(tái)，因皇帝在山頂設(shè)壇祭天，后人為了紀(jì)念，該為天壇。為了紀(jì)念皇帝老師華蓋對(duì)皇帝指點(diǎn)，把天壇峰前的山叫華蓋峰。

我們走過(guò)天壇，又來(lái)到了望景寺，這里可以這人觀賞天壇的風(fēng)景。

天壇是世界文化遺產(chǎn)，國(guó)家5A級(jí)旅游景區(qū)，全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文明保護(hù)單位。于北京正陽(yáng)門(mén)，東南方自，為明清兩朝皇帝祭天，求雨和祈，壽年專(zhuān)用祭壇，是世界上現(xiàn)在規(guī)模最大，最完美的古代祭天建筑群。總面積273平方米年作為公園正式對(duì)外開(kāi)放。

壇為三層圓形石臺(tái)，壇區(qū)占地20萬(wàn)余平方米。因此;明清時(shí)期北京的天壇與歷朝代郊?jí)幸幻}相承的淵源。

天地壇遂改稱(chēng)為天壇。消沿明制，天壇一稱(chēng)沿用至今。從乾隆八年1743年起，對(duì)天壇建筑進(jìn)行了多次修理，天壇終于形成了南北兩壇，規(guī)制嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)氖⒗娠L(fēng)貌。

天壇到處有美麗的風(fēng)景，說(shuō)也說(shuō)不盡，希望你有機(jī)會(huì)細(xì)細(xì)游賞。

明朝永樂(lè)皇帝遷都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了這作用于祭天的圣壇，占地面積達(dá)到了273萬(wàn)平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻，北面是圓形，南面是方形，取意天圓地方。在一開(kāi)始，祭天和祭地都是天壇，直到明嘉靖年間在北城修建了地壇，才分開(kāi)的，并且新增了圜丘壇，把原來(lái)的大祀殿改為大享殿，專(zhuān)門(mén)用于孟春祈谷，在乾隆年間，有將大享殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿，從而形成了今天我們所看到的這個(gè)世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

現(xiàn)在我們正沿著天壇建筑的中軸線向南行進(jìn)，將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘有兩道圍護(hù)墻，使外方內(nèi)圓，符合天圓地方的說(shuō)法。每道墻都有四組欞星門(mén)，從東面依次是泰元、昭亨、廣利、成貞，每組三門(mén)，共有24座，稱(chēng)為“云門(mén)玉立”。大家可以注意到，欞星門(mén)的大小都不一樣，這是因?yàn)橹虚T(mén)是上帝專(zhuān)用的，所以高大；皇帝只能從左側(cè)的門(mén)進(jìn)入；而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門(mén)通過(guò)。而門(mén)外的一座平臺(tái)就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更換祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服臺(tái)。

來(lái)到了圜丘壇下，我們馬上要開(kāi)始登壇了，不過(guò)我請(qǐng)您留心每層壇面都要有多少臺(tái)階。到了最高層，大家也就都發(fā)現(xiàn)了，壇上所有的臺(tái)階數(shù)，護(hù)板數(shù)都是九或者九的倍數(shù)。每登上一層，都要有9層臺(tái)階，臺(tái)面上的石板中間的叫做天心石，外圍第一圈砌著9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18塊，依此類(lèi)推，到了最外邊的第九圈正好是81塊；而大家抬頭就可以看到的圍護(hù)板被四面臺(tái)階分為四個(gè)部分，每個(gè)部分也都有9塊，而中層的圍護(hù)板是18塊，下層的是27塊，這些難道都是巧合么？當(dāng)然不是，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)陰陽(yáng)五行來(lái)說(shuō)，9是極陽(yáng)數(shù)，所以古代的工匠便用這個(gè)數(shù)字來(lái)賦予圜丘臺(tái)意念上的崇高。

說(shuō)完了神壇的奇妙，我在給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。到了每年的`冬至，皇帝就要在這里祭天。在大典前兩天，皇帝要在故宮里進(jìn)行齋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天壇的齋宮進(jìn)行齋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，現(xiàn)在的凌晨四點(diǎn)多，奏報(bào)時(shí)辰，皇帝起駕，齋宮東北角的鐘樓開(kāi)始鳴鐘。到具服臺(tái)盥洗更衣，神牌都送到臺(tái)面相應(yīng)的位置，也就是七組神位，稱(chēng)作七幄；在圜丘前燔柴爐上放一只牛犢，用松枝燔燒，西南的望燈桿望燈高懸，點(diǎn)燃蟠龍通宵寶蠟，臺(tái)南廣場(chǎng)上排列著奏樂(lè)隊(duì)，配合著中和韶樂(lè)，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式開(kāi)始了，皇帝由南欞星左門(mén)登壇，這時(shí)鐘聲停止，到了第二層南側(cè)拜位站好后，聽(tīng)候司贊人報(bào)儀程，恭讀至皇天上帝的祝文。

現(xiàn)在咱們繼續(xù)沿著中軸線行走，面前的建筑叫做天庫(kù)，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名為現(xiàn)在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘壇祭祀主神的地方，所以這里也叫圜丘壇寢宮。它是一座建筑藝術(shù)價(jià)值非常高的殿宇，總體呈圓形，下邊是高2。85米的圓形須彌座，為青白石筑成，有東南西三個(gè)方向的出陛，也就是臺(tái)階，而在南向出陛還有二龍戲珠的丹陛石。上邊是藍(lán)色筒瓦單檐攢尖鎏金寶頂。而在殿內(nèi)還有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架沒(méi)有橫梁承托，全都是靠各類(lèi)斗拱層層上疊來(lái)支撐，步步收縮，從而形成了精美的穹隆圓頂。這里邊還運(yùn)用了物理學(xué)中的杠桿原理。這組建筑不僅十分精美，而且還有回音壁和三音石，這和剛才我們說(shuō)的天心石合稱(chēng)天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻，圍墻建造的磨磚對(duì)縫，十分的平滑，是很好的聲音載體，可以傳聲，在傳遞途中對(duì)聲音損失極小，只要對(duì)著墻說(shuō)話，就算相隔四五十米，見(jiàn)不到面，都可以清晰的聽(tīng)到對(duì)方說(shuō)話。

也許您剛才就已經(jīng)注意到了，天壇有非常多的柏樹(shù)，不錯(cuò)，它就好像北京一個(gè)天然的氧吧。而在這許多古柏當(dāng)中，有一株500余歲的檜柏，就是回音壁西墻外的這棵九龍柏。

在游覽過(guò)了圜丘壇和皇穹宇之后，我們就即將走進(jìn)祈谷壇了，而現(xiàn)在我們腳下連接兩個(gè)祭壇的就是丹陛橋，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷壇的唯一通道，長(zhǎng)360米，橋面上分為三條道，中間的是神道，東邊是御道，西邊的就是王道。而它作為通道為什么又要稱(chēng)為橋呢？這有兩種說(shuō)法，一種是說(shuō)路面南低北高，步步高升，好像與天相連接的橋；而另一種就是說(shuō)路面下邊建有進(jìn)牲門(mén)，類(lèi)似立交橋，所以稱(chēng)之為橋。說(shuō)到進(jìn)牲門(mén)，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通過(guò)橋下的一個(gè)券門(mén)被趕到500米外的宰牲亭宰殺，制成供品，所以這個(gè)通道也被叫做鬼門(mén)關(guān)，因?yàn)橐贿M(jìn)去就有死無(wú)生了。

現(xiàn)在呈現(xiàn)在您面前的就是祈谷壇的完整建筑群。前面的這個(gè)石臺(tái)是具服臺(tái)，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例還是要來(lái)到這里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以這里還有小金殿之稱(chēng)。

到此，祈谷壇的主體建筑祈年殿就出現(xiàn)在我們面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三層的圓形石臺(tái)，而在正面三層石臺(tái)階中，分別裝飾著巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。從下之上內(nèi)容分別是：瑞云山海，雙鳳山海，雙龍山海。各層排水孔的圖案和浮雕的內(nèi)容也是對(duì)應(yīng)的。東西兩旁的配殿個(gè)有九間，原來(lái)是安放從祀牌位的地方，不過(guò)在嘉靖年間，把它們挪到了先農(nóng)壇，所以現(xiàn)在這里也就沒(méi)有什么實(shí)際用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座極具中國(guó)特色的獨(dú)特建筑。圓形三重檐攢尖屋頂向上層層收縮，都是用藍(lán)色的琉璃瓦覆蓋，以此來(lái)象征天。頂部是鎏金寶頂，抬頭仰視，便是龍鳳藻井，中心是龍鳳成祥的圖案。而巨大的三層殿頂就是靠殿內(nèi)的28根落地柱支撐的，中間的四柱名叫龍井柱，東南西北方向分別代表了春夏秋冬；而龍井柱外圍的12個(gè)紅漆金柱所分割出來(lái)的12個(gè)開(kāi)間，則分別代表了一年的12個(gè)月份；外面兩環(huán)的24個(gè)開(kāi)間分別代表了一年的24個(gè)節(jié)氣；同時(shí)，這28根大柱，也代表了天上的28個(gè)星宿。

和每年的祭天一樣，這里是用來(lái)祈谷的地方。在祭祀的當(dāng)天，有樂(lè)隊(duì)在殿外月臺(tái)上奏樂(lè)，身穿祭服的皇帝虔誠(chéng)步入神殿，向牌位行大禮，祈禱上蒼，然后把供品送到祈年門(mén)外東邊的燔柴爐和燎爐焚燒，送上天宮。祈谷禮節(jié)和祭天的差不多。

現(xiàn)在我們從祈谷壇的東門(mén)出來(lái)，可以看到一條連檐通脊的長(zhǎng)廊，共有七十二間，俗稱(chēng)七十二連房，它不僅用來(lái)連接神廚神庫(kù)，而且也是祭祀時(shí)運(yùn)送祭品的通道，在長(zhǎng)廊的東頭，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所說(shuō)過(guò)了鬼門(mén)關(guān)的牲畜要到這里來(lái)屠宰。而在長(zhǎng)廊的東南方向，有八塊巨大的青石，稱(chēng)為七星石，都是風(fēng)水鎮(zhèn)石。可是這里命名有八塊石頭為什么叫七星呢？原來(lái)明代在這里放的的確是七塊石頭，而最小的那一塊則是清代增添上的。關(guān)于七星石的說(shuō)法每個(gè)朝代都不同。在明代，有個(gè)道士和皇帝說(shuō)祈年殿的方位不好，不利于國(guó)家，所以就在這里放了象征著北斗七星的七塊石頭。而在清代，康熙皇帝為了給滿(mǎn)族愛(ài)新覺(jué)羅氏尋找從東北如主中原的理論依據(jù)，就派人考察山脈，發(fā)現(xiàn)泰山是長(zhǎng)白山的余脈，所以就在原來(lái)七塊石頭的東北方向放了一小塊兒青石，象征東北長(zhǎng)白山，如果按這種說(shuō)法，那八塊石頭就應(yīng)該叫做七峰東岳。

今天的天壇觀光游覽就要結(jié)束了，在天壇的這段時(shí)光希望能成為您北京之游中的永恒記憶。

第五篇：天壇中英文導(dǎo)游詞 南門(mén)進(jìn)北門(mén)出

天壇中英文導(dǎo)游詞

天壇中英雙語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞

篇一：天壇中文導(dǎo)游詞

各位游客，我們今天所要參觀的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇。

明朝永樂(lè)皇帝遷都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了這作用于祭天的圣壇，占地面積達(dá)到了273萬(wàn)平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻，北面是圓形，南面是方形，取意天圓地方。在一開(kāi)始，祭天和祭地都是天壇，直到明嘉靖年間在北城修建了地壇，才分開(kāi)的，并且新增了圜丘壇，用于孟冬祭天，把原來(lái)的大祀殿改為大享殿，專(zhuān)門(mén)用于孟春祈谷，當(dāng)時(shí)殿宇屋頂已經(jīng)是三重檐了，從上至下的藍(lán)黃綠三色瓦分別代表了天地萬(wàn)物。而在乾隆年間，有將大享殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿，而將屋頂瓦片都改成了藍(lán)色的琉璃瓦。從而形成了今天我們所看到的這個(gè)世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

可是這樣一個(gè)祭天圣地，卻也曾經(jīng)在1860年時(shí)遭到英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫，繼而在1900年的時(shí)候又遭到了八國(guó)聯(lián)軍的蹂躪。在1916年袁世凱登基的時(shí)候也曾經(jīng)在天壇上演了一出祭天的鬧劇。在1918年，天壇最終還是以公園開(kāi)放。解放以后天壇不僅成了著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，而且還是北京城市綠地的組成部分，來(lái)這里的不光是旅游者，還不乏一些專(zhuān)門(mén)為了強(qiáng)身健體的老人們。

現(xiàn)在就讓我們沿著當(dāng)年皇帝登壇的路線開(kāi)始此次游覽。現(xiàn)在我們正沿著天壇建筑的中軸線向南行進(jìn)，將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘有兩道圍護(hù)墻，使外方內(nèi)圓，符合天圓地方的說(shuō)法。每道墻都有四組欞星門(mén)，從東面依次是泰元、昭亨、廣利、成貞，每組三門(mén)，共有24座，為―云門(mén)玉立‖。大家可以注意到，欞星門(mén)的大小都不一樣，這是因?yàn)橹虚T(mén)是上帝專(zhuān)用的，所以高大；皇帝只能從左側(cè)的門(mén)進(jìn)入；而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門(mén)通過(guò)。而門(mén)外的一座平臺(tái)就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更換祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服臺(tái)。來(lái)到了圜丘壇下，我們馬上要開(kāi)始登壇了，不過(guò)我請(qǐng)您留心每層壇面都要有多少臺(tái)階。到了最高層，大家也就都發(fā)現(xiàn)了，壇上所有的臺(tái)階數(shù)，護(hù)板數(shù)都是九或者九的倍數(shù)。每登上一層，都要有9層臺(tái)階，臺(tái)面上的石板中間的叫做天心石，外圍第一圈砌著9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18塊，以此類(lèi)推，到了最外邊的第九圈正好是81塊；而大家抬頭就可以看到的圍護(hù)板被四面臺(tái)階分為四個(gè)部分，每個(gè)部分也都有9塊，而中層的圍護(hù)板是18塊，下層的是27塊，這些難道都是巧合么？當(dāng)然不是，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)陰陽(yáng)五行來(lái)說(shuō)，9是極陽(yáng)數(shù)，所以古代的工匠便用這個(gè)數(shù)字來(lái)賦予圜丘臺(tái)意念上的崇高。

說(shuō)完了神壇的奇妙，我在給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在這里祭天。在大典前兩天，皇帝要在故宮里進(jìn)行齋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天壇的齋宮進(jìn)行齋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，現(xiàn)在的凌晨四點(diǎn)多，奏報(bào)時(shí)辰，皇帝起駕，齋宮東北角的鐘樓開(kāi)始鳴鐘。到具服臺(tái)盥洗更衣，神牌都送到臺(tái)面相應(yīng)的位置，也就是七組神位，稱(chēng)作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴爐上放一只牛犢，用松枝燔燒，西南的望燈桿望燈高懸，點(diǎn)燃蟠龍通宵寶蠟，臺(tái)南廣場(chǎng)上排列著奏樂(lè)隊(duì)，配合著中和韶樂(lè)，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式開(kāi)始了，皇帝由南欞星左門(mén)登壇，這時(shí)鐘聲停止，到了第二層南側(cè)拜位站好后，聽(tīng)候司贊人報(bào)儀程。恭讀至皇天上帝的祝文。禮儀結(jié)束以后，要將神位前的貢品分別送到燔柴爐(從正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚燒，皇帝也要一旁恭立目視，稱(chēng)為望燎)和燎爐(圜丘壇共有12座燎爐，在瘞坎北側(cè)，從東向西排列著8個(gè);內(nèi)圍護(hù)墻東西欞星門(mén)外各有一對(duì)。從配位幄次車(chē)下的祭品分別送到8個(gè)燎爐內(nèi)焚燒，而四個(gè)從位幄次的祭品送到欞星門(mén)處)焚燒，煙霧騰空，象征著送到天庭。而后還要將牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘞坎掩埋，象征不忘祖先茹毛飲血之意。在這個(gè)典禮上，需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方，就是剛才所說(shuō)的臺(tái)面中心天心石。他是天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象之一。在這里朗讀的時(shí)候聲音特別洪亮，而且現(xiàn)在這里也是一樣的，各位游客不妨體會(huì)一下這奇特的效果，也像當(dāng)年的皇帝一樣，向上天訴說(shuō)自己美好的愿望。

現(xiàn)在咱們繼續(xù)沿著中軸線行走，面前的建筑叫做天庫(kù)，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名為現(xiàn)在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘壇祭祀主神的地方，所以這里也叫圜丘壇寢宮。殿內(nèi)正面的圓形石臺(tái)上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前邊兩側(cè)的四個(gè)方形石臺(tái)上安放的則是八位祖先神主，還有東西配殿用來(lái)存放從祀神位。而皇穹宇三個(gè)字也分別代表了至高無(wú)上，天，宇宙的意思，更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊。

它是一座建筑藝術(shù)價(jià)值非常高的殿宇，總體呈圓形，下邊是高2.85米的圓形須彌座，為青白石筑成，有東南西三個(gè)方向的出陛，也就是臺(tái)階，而在南向出陛還有二龍戲珠的丹陛石。上邊是藍(lán)色筒瓦單檐攢尖鎏金寶頂。而在殿內(nèi)還有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架沒(méi)有橫梁承托，全都是靠各類(lèi)斗拱層層上疊來(lái)支撐，步步收縮，從而形成了精美的穹隆圓頂。這里邊還運(yùn)用了物理學(xué)中的杠桿原理。這組建筑不僅十分精美，而且還有回音壁和三音石，這和剛才我們說(shuō)的天心石合稱(chēng)天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻，圍墻建造的磨磚對(duì)縫，十分的平滑，是很好的聲音載體，可以傳聲，在傳遞途中對(duì)聲音損失極小，只要對(duì)著墻說(shuō)話，就算相隔四五十米，見(jiàn)不到面，都可以清晰的聽(tīng)到對(duì)方說(shuō)話。而三音石則是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭，您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽(tīng)到一次回音，第二塊石頭可以聽(tīng)到兩次，而第三塊就可以聽(tīng)到三次回音，所以稱(chēng)為三音石。在后來(lái)也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。

也許您剛才就已經(jīng)注意到了，天壇有非常多的柏樹(shù)，不錯(cuò)，它就好像北京一個(gè)天然的氧吧。而在這許多古柏當(dāng)中，有一株500余歲的檜柏，就是回音壁西墻外的這棵九龍柏。它的樹(shù)干紋理非常的奇特，布滿(mǎn)了溝壑，而且旋轉(zhuǎn)扭曲，好像9條蟠龍纏繞嬉戲，所以叫它九龍柏真是一點(diǎn)也不過(guò)分。

在游覽過(guò)了圜丘壇和皇穹宇之后，我們就即將走進(jìn)祈谷壇了，而現(xiàn)在我們腳下連接兩個(gè)祭壇的就是丹陛橋，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷壇的唯一通道，長(zhǎng)360米，橋面上分為三條道，中間的是神道，東邊是御道，西邊的就是王道。而它作為通道為什么又要稱(chēng)為橋呢？這有兩種說(shuō)法，一種是說(shuō)路面南低北高，步步高升，好像與天相連接的橋；而另一種就是說(shuō)路面下邊建有進(jìn)牲門(mén)，類(lèi)似立交橋，所以稱(chēng)之為橋。說(shuō)到進(jìn)牲門(mén)，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通過(guò)橋下的一個(gè)券門(mén)被趕到500米外的宰牲亭宰殺，制成供品，所以這個(gè)通道也被叫做鬼門(mén)關(guān)，因?yàn)橐贿M(jìn)去就有死無(wú)生了。

好，回到正題，現(xiàn)在呈現(xiàn)在您面前的就是祈谷壇的完整建筑群。前面的這個(gè)石臺(tái)是具服臺(tái)，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例還是要來(lái)到這里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以這里還有小金殿之稱(chēng)。

到此，祈谷壇的主體建筑祈年殿就出現(xiàn)在我們面前了。祈年殿下的基座是層的圓形石臺(tái)，而在正面三層石臺(tái)階中，分別裝飾著巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。從下之上內(nèi)容分別是：瑞云山海，雙鳳山海，雙龍山海。各層排水孔的案和浮雕的內(nèi)容也是對(duì)應(yīng)的。東西兩旁的配殿個(gè)有九間，原來(lái)是安放從祀牌位的地方，不過(guò)在家靖年間，把它們挪到了先農(nóng)壇，所以現(xiàn)在這里也就沒(méi)有什么實(shí)際用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座極具中國(guó)特色的獨(dú)特建筑。圓形三重檐攢尖屋頂向上層層收縮，都是用藍(lán)色的琉璃瓦覆蓋，以此來(lái)象征天。頂部是鎏金寶頂，抬頭仰視，便是龍鳳藻井，中心是龍鳳成祥的圖案。而巨大的三層殿頂就是靠殿內(nèi)的28根落地柱支撐的，中間的四柱名叫龍井柱，東南西北方向分別代表了春夏秋冬；而龍井柱外圍的12個(gè)紅漆金柱所分割出來(lái)的12個(gè)開(kāi)間，則分別代表了一年的12個(gè)月份；外面兩環(huán)的24個(gè)開(kāi)間有分別代表了一年的24個(gè)節(jié)氣；同時(shí)，這28根大柱，也代表了天上的28個(gè)星宿。據(jù)說(shuō)這祈年殿是仿照古代明堂設(shè)計(jì)建造的。在感殿內(nèi)建筑的同時(shí)，也讓我們把注意力逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到殿內(nèi)的陳設(shè)上來(lái)。這里的陳設(shè)是按照清朝咸豐年間原狀恢復(fù)的，正面的雕龍寶座上供奉著的是滿(mǎn)漢合璧的皇天上帝神版，左右兩側(cè)的石臺(tái)上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。和每年的祭天一樣，這里是用來(lái)祈谷的地方。在祭祀的當(dāng)天，有樂(lè)隊(duì)在殿外月臺(tái)上奏樂(lè)，身穿祭服的皇帝虔誠(chéng)步入神殿，向牌位行大禮，祈禱上蒼，然后把供品送到祈年門(mén)外東邊的燔柴爐和燎爐焚燒，送上天宮。祈谷禮節(jié)和祭天的差不多。到這里，祈年殿也差不多講完了，而它還有一個(gè)附屬建筑，作用和皇穹宇差不多，也是存放祈谷壇祭祀神主的地方，就是祈年殿北側(cè)的皇乾殿。

現(xiàn)在我們從祈谷壇的東門(mén)出來(lái)，可以看到一條連檐通脊的長(zhǎng)廊，共有七十二間，俗稱(chēng)七十二連房，它不僅用來(lái)連接神廚神庫(kù)，而且也是祭祀時(shí)運(yùn)送祭品的通道，在長(zhǎng)廊的東頭，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所說(shuō)過(guò)了鬼門(mén)關(guān)的牲畜要道這里來(lái)屠宰。而在長(zhǎng)廊的東南方向，有八塊巨大的青石，稱(chēng)為七星石，都是風(fēng)水鎮(zhèn)石。可是這里命名有八塊石頭為什么叫七星呢？原來(lái)明代在這里放的的確是七塊石頭，而最小的那一塊則是清代增添上的。關(guān)于七星石的說(shuō)法每個(gè)朝代都不同。在明代，有個(gè)道士和皇帝說(shuō)祈年殿的方位不好，不利于國(guó)家，所以就在這里放了象征著北斗七星的七塊石頭。而在清代，康熙皇帝為了給滿(mǎn)族愛(ài)新覺(jué)羅氏尋找從東北如主中原的理論依據(jù)，就派人考察山脈，發(fā)現(xiàn)泰山是長(zhǎng)白山的余脈，所以就在原來(lái)七塊石頭的東北方有放了一小塊兒青石，象征東北長(zhǎng)白山，如果按這種說(shuō)法，那八塊石頭就應(yīng)該叫做七峰東岳。且不管他們?cè)趺炊ㄕ摿恕?/p>

謝謝大家，如有不妥之處，還望見(jiàn)諒。

篇二：天壇英文導(dǎo)游詞

(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Welcome to the temple of Heaven.It is also one of the preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all,there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)

背景The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar獨(dú)家祭臺(tái) for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why?

天的理解The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe,or nature.In those days, there were specific rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.歷史The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls,a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery,while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.南欞星門(mén)(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)

圜丘the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls,each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate,each in turn consisting of three doors,with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the passage facing north,you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs,while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the ceremony,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the altar.(Atop the Circular Mound Altar)

we are now on the top terrace of the

Altar,or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9，in the second，18，up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9.But why? 數(shù)字陰陽(yáng)

According to ancient Chinese philosophy，yin and yang were two opposing factors.Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin.Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man.What is more，the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.Once more look at the round stone in the center.The upper terrace is nine zhang(a Chinese unit of length，one zhang equals 3.3 meters)in circumference，while the middle is 15 zhang，the lower，21 zhang.Classified as yang numbers，the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success.What is more，by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples，the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized.The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.祭祀過(guò)程

Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice.The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace，while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks.The service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning.All of the lanterns would be lit.In the foreground，a sacrificial calf is being barbecued.On the square in front of the altar，the emperor，under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers，princes of royal blood，musicians，dancers and uniformed soldiers，would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven.When the service drew to a close，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated.All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing God off.Music and dancing would follow.In the end，the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice.祈福

It is interesting to note that，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer.The stone，which is known as the God`s heart Stone，is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder，thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service.You can try this out by yourself.(Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice StarGate)

(In front of the Gate of glazed tiles)

this structure is known as Heaven` s Storehouse.It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles.The roofing，beams，and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks.This is the only structure of its kind in china today.the Heaven` s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept.Douglas Hurd，a former British foreigh secretary，once said，―God attends to His affairs on the Circular Mound Altar but stays here.‖ Now let` s go in to to see it(Go through the left side door)

(In the courtyard of Heaven` s Storehouse)皇穹宇

this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven，the main structure of Heaven` s Storehouse.It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter.The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball，and carved wooden doors and windows.It is decorated with colored paintings.Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance..The ramp is carved in ―Two dragons Playing with a pearl ‖ design in relief.We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.(On the marble terrace of the main hall)

the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings.On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson，or covered ceiling.The ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design.The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal基座.Atop it，up a wooden flight of 9 steps，is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined.On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex halls in the courtyard，there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun，moon，constellation，cloud，rain，wind and thunder.回音壁(Echo Wall and Triple –sound Stones)

Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures，Heaven` s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features，i.E.the Echo Wall and the Triple-Sound Stone.A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side，although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart.This is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth，solid bricks.In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone.If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands，the sound will echo once;on the second stone，the sound will be heard twice;and on the third stone，the sound will repeat three times.Hence the name.(Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)九龍柏

(Nine-Dragon Cypress柏樹(shù))

the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple.This tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago.Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons;thus it is known as the Nine-Dragon cypress.It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs.Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.成貞門(mén)

(In the south of Chengzhen Gate)

now we are back again on the Central Axis.This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen(Adopting Fidelity).This gate is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis.It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.丹陛橋

(On the Red Stairway Bridge)

entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest，we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long，which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall.This broad north-south walkway，called Danbiqiao(Red Stairway bridge)，connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitutes a single axis.The passage is divided into left，control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs.The central and the widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare，which was reserved exclusively for God;nobody，including the emperor，was allowed to set foot onto it.The emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the Imperial Walk.The ministers and princes used the one on the west.Interesting enough，there is no walkway left for ordinary people.This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them.Contrary to appearances，this walkway is not a bridge at all.But how so ? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep.The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice.All in all，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing.Looking back at the thoroughfare，you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end.As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest，the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens.Here you are in Heaven.(Costume-Changing Terrace)

the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai，or CostumeChanging Terrace.It is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters.IT has marble Slab balustrades.The day before the service，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes.After the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace.(Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)

(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)

this structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest.We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building，the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest，though the colonnade of the Gate.A gigantic and lofty group of buildings，the complex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest，the hall of prayer for good harvest，eastern and western annex halls，the Huanqian(Imperial heaven)Long corridor，Heaven Kitchen，slaughterhouse，etc.the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall.This unique building，38 meters in height，is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball.The roofing is made of blue glazed tiles，the color of the sky.Underneath the roof，the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings.The base of the structure is a triple-tiered，circular marble terrace.At a distance，the terrace looks like a gigantic，spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it.Today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing，which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)

The base of the hall is a triple-tiered，circular marble terrace，which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height，covering a space of 4，000 square meters.Meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure.In the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs，there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud，dragon and phoenix designs.To set off the ramps，the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls.In southern part of each tier，a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed.Sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)

climbing up this marble terrace，we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient China.Looking up you will see the caisson，or covered ceiling，characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes.In and out，the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.Without the use of steel，cement and nail，and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars，laths，joints and rafters.The four central pillars，called the dragon-Well Pillars，are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers，representing the four season.There are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each.The inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night.Between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar year.The pillars，28 in number，also represent the 28 constellations in the universe-the ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.The center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab，which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter.Interestingly，the slab features natural black and white veins，corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling.This particular slab is known as the Dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.The furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when Emperor Xianfengruled.In the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of Heaven.On either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed.Each tablet is fronted by an altar.A total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it，including soup，wine，assorted cereals，and a calf.The sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning，sometime in the first month of the Chinese lunar year.Because it was still dark，candles，lanterns and torches were lit.This lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.By the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall.The emperor，in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity，would walk slowly into the hall，kowtow，and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors.All of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for Good Harvest.With this we conclude our visit to the Temper of Heaven.The feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history.However，this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient Chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.(On the Long Corridor)

From the Eastern Gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest，we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor.Consisting of 72 sections，this corridor served as a connecting building between the Slaughterhouse.Heaven Kitchen，and the main hall，It is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line.Flanking the corridor are shopping stalls.You may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.Well，that is all for this tour.Thank you for your attention.I look forward to your next visit.Good luck and bon voyage.