第一篇：英語聽力

學生場景

freshman大一學生sophomore大學二年級生, 有二年經驗的junior student大三學生senior student大四學生，高年級學生

undergraduate student 本科生graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生

master‘s degree碩士學位bachelor’s degree學士學位

doctor student / doctor candidate 博士研究生 post doctor student博士后

alumni / alumnus（男）畢業生

老師場景

professor教授teaching fellow 講師assistant

tutor / mentor / director / supervisor 導師president校長faculty全體教職員工

dean 系主任department 系staff全體員工(商店、企業)

上課、選課、聽講座、聽報告場景

take/sign up the course選課drop the course 退課

register注冊pick up = learncancel取消full報滿lecture講座seminar討論班

elective course / elective course /optional course選修課

requirement / required course /compulsory必修課

credit學分introductory course初級課程advanced course高級課程

math數學computer course計算機psychology course心理學

physics物理學economics經濟學computer science計算機科學

sociology社會學geology地質學chemistry化學

biology生物學biochemistry生物化學science理科

art文科engineering 工科

homework / assignment / projectbook report讀書報告presentation課堂發言

reading list書單turn in / hand in hand 上交deadline最后期限

due到期extension延期

essay小論文thesis中論文dissertation大論文

term paper學期報告proposal開題報告

考試場景

Exam

mid-term exam期中考試

finalexam 期末考試

quiz測驗

pop quiz不提前通知的考試

grade / score 分數

pass及格

passing grade及格分

failing grade失敗

make up exam補考

cheat作弊

圖書館場景

shelf書架stack書庫copier復印機

reference room參考書閱覽室periodical room期刊閱覽室study lounge 自習室reading room閱覽室librarian圖書管理員

catalogue書目index索引volume卷，宗 library card借書卡writing permission書面許可 book reservation 借書check out外借

overdue

超

期

renew續借fine罰款return還書 put on reserve被限制在館內閱讀magazine雜志journal期刊periodical期刊quarterly季刊current issue現刊back issue過刊author作者subject題目title名字key words關鍵字

常用地點英語

1.餐館場景

restaurant餐館dining hall食堂cafeteria自助餐廳

bar酒吧inn小旅館，小客棧motel汽車旅館 fast food快餐店snack food小吃snack bar快餐店

pizza hut必勝客sandwich三明治hamburger漢堡burger king漢堡王French restaurant法式餐廳Italian restaurant意式餐廳

食品：

buffet自助餐salad沙拉soup湯eat soup喝湯soup spoon湯匙sauce汁，醬dessert甜點main dish主菜pudding布丁dressing調味汁doughnut面包圈French bread法式面包a loaf 一條面包toast土司jam果醬apple pie蘋果醬

potato chips土豆fish and chipsFrench fries炸薯條yoghourt酸奶steak牛排

soft drink軟飲料soda water蘇打水orange Juice橘汁mineral water礦泉水lemon juice檸檬wine酒liquor烈酒beer啤酒a cup of beer一杯啤酒

動作：

menu菜單

order dishes點菜 bring me the menu看菜單 recommendation推薦，招牌菜

付賬：

pick up the bill買單 I will pick up the table.Let me treat you.Let me foot the bill.It's on me.I will buy the bill.AA制

Let's go fifty-fifty.separate checks split the bill tip小費

Let's go Dutch.各人付自己的帳 2.醫院場景 醫生：

內科醫生physician外科醫生surgeon牙科醫生dentist

醫院的部門名稱：

候診室waiting room急診室emergency department小診所clinic 醫療中心health center校醫院infirmary

常見的生病癥狀：

癥狀symptom感冒catch a cold病愈get over發燒 fever溫度temperature咳嗽cough

流鼻涕running nose肚子痛stomachache頭痛headache

過敏be allergic to心臟病heart attack骨折fracture腳踝ankle流血bleeding

常見的設施：

體檢check up / physical examination 體育鍛煉physical education

常見的藥品：

阿斯匹林aspirin藥品medicine劑量dosage吃藥 take the pill藥方 prescription打針 injection抓藥fill the prescription一天三次 take the pills three times a day

3.機場與車站場景、旅游場景 機場場景

機場airport起飛take off降落land盤旋circle 行李luggage登機門boarding gate / departure gate登機牌boarding pass離港departure起飛時間departure time

機場費airport fare辦理登記手續check in

行李柜臺baggage counter頭等艙first-class經濟艙economy class 商務艙business class準點到達arrive on schedule 晚點（到達）behind schedule延誤，取消cancel 預定航班make a reservation 旅游場景

旅游trip，tour

假期vacation

預定飯店make a hotel reservation 去度假leave for a vacation 旅行社travel agency 觀光go sightseeing 避暑勝地summer resort 夏威夷Hawaii

悉尼歌劇院Sydney opera house

帶某人四處逛逛I will show you around 飯店接待hotel accommodation

4.銀行場景、郵局場景 銀行場景 銀行bank

戶頭account開戶open an account 支票帳戶check account 支票check

旅游支票traveler's check 帳單bill

付賬pay the bill 兌現支票cash a check 取錢draw 透支overdraw

出納員teller活期存款 current deposit定期存款fixed deposit

郵局場景

郵局post office平信regular mail掛號信registered mail郵票stamp郵資postage電報telegram加急電報urgentcable超重overweight快遞EMS（Express Mail Service）

聯合包裹快遞服務UPS（United Parcel Service）

5.租房子、住賓館場景 賓館場景

賓館hotel小旅館，小客棧inn汽車旅館motel訂房間book / make a reservation 訂滿booked up / occupied客房服務room service 單人間single room雙人間double room 浴室bathroom前臺front desk / reception 行李搬運工porter叫早服務wake up call

租房場景

房租rent房東landlord

房客renter / tenant契約lease / agreement 水電費utilities門廳hall 家具furniture風景畫poster

櫥柜cabinet書架book case / shelf 淋浴管道shower pipe修理fix / repair

壞了break down裂縫leak

管道pipe修理公司roofing company

修理工作repair job修理工maintenance man / repairman管道工plumber電工electrician

6.電話場景、工作場景 電話場景

接線員operator

長途電話long distance call 越洋電話overseas call

對方付費電話collect call

占線The line is busy / engaged.把電話接通put sb.through

讓某人重打一次give sb.credit for the call 關機power off

不在服務區not at the service

先別掛Please hold on / hold for a moment.掛電話hang up 投幣電話pay phone

打入的電話incoming calls 打出的電話outgoing calls

工作場景

老板boss秘書secretary 前臺reception雇員employee 雇主employer面試interview 面試管interviewer面試者interviewee

部門主管head of departmentCEOChief Executive Officer 提升promotion頂頭上司immediate boss

加薪give a raise經驗experience經歷experiences文憑credential辭職quit/resign退休retire失業lay off

面試場景

申請工作apply for the job 申請application 全職full-time 兼職part-time

首席執行官

求職者job applicator

簡歷resume

職位position / post

參加面試have / take a interview

第二篇：英語聽力材料

1.Why does Pamela want to have plastic surgery? A.To become a movie actress.B.To become an anchorwoman.C.To become a fashion model.D.To find a white-collar job.2.What surgery has Pamela already had? A.Enlarging her breasts.B.Removing wrinkles from her neck.C.Making her face thinner.D.Making her nose tip more pointed.3.What did Pamela think about beauty and character? A.Beauty is as important as a noble character.B.Beauty is more important than a noble character.C.Beauty is less important than a noble character.D.Beauty and a noble character are less important than ability.4.How do Pamela's parents and boyfriend react to her plastic surgery? A.Her boyfriend is against it while parents are for it.B.Her boyfriend is for it while her parents' opinion is unknown.C.Both her parents and boyfriend are for it.D.Both her parents and boyfriend are against it.5.How long would her new looks last, according to Dr.Carson? A.One to two years.B.Three to five years.C.Nearly a decade.D.Unpredictable.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.6.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A.A new beauty queen at the pageant.B.Beauty queen stripped of crown for lying.C.Failure to win the beauty queen title.D.Honesty is the best policy.7.How old was Laura Anness when she last participated in the pageant? A.15.B.24.C.27.D.None of the above.8.Where does Laura Anness actually live? A.Saltah, Cornwall.B.Saltah, Devon.C.Plymouth, Devon.D.Plymouth, Cornwall.9.What did Laura Anness say to explain her lying? A.She developed the habit of lying as a child.B.She did not really lie.C.She wanted to get the 2,000 pound prize.D.She wanted to realize her dream.10.What has Laura Anness lost in the end? A.The 2,000 pound prize.B.A work contract.C.The opportunity to compete at a higher-level contest.D.All of the above.1.What is the main idea of the dialog? A.More attention to one's skin than one's figure.B.Benefits from skincare.C.Seeking expert advice on skincare.D.Seeking expert advice on beauty contests.2.What problem does the woman have? A.She has smallpox.B.She has oily skin.C.She has a lot of wrinkles.D.She has crow's feet around her eyes.3.What does the man advise the woman to do? A.Wash her face with lukewarm water.B.Pat her face dry with a clean towel.C.Pat a cream onto her face.D.All of the above.4.What is the use of the cream? A.To wipe out dirt and oil.B.To remove wrinkles.C.To tighten the skin.D.All of the above.5.What does the man suggest finally? A.To get a facelift every four to six months.B.To get a facelift every four to six years.C.To get a facial every four to six months.D.To get a facial every four to six weeks.1.Why was the door to the balcony wide open? A.The weather was hot.B.It was too moist inside.C.It was too dry inside.D.The scene outside was beautiful.2.Why was the speaker unable to close the windows? A.The window was deformed.B.The wind was too strong.C.He was scared stiff by the loud thunder.D.He was frightened by the lightning.3.How did the speaker manage to close the window? A.He asked his wife to close it together.B.He used a mop to close it.C.He waited until the wind was less strong.D.He waited until the hail was over.4.What did the speaker do after seeing the lightning? A.He closed the window.B.He turned off the TV.C.He turned off the lights.D.He pulled out the electrical plugs.5.What is the sequence of the events? A.Sun—wind—thunder and lightning—sun—hail.B.Sun—hail—thunder and lightning—wind—sun.C.Sun—wind—thunder and lightning—hail—sun.D.Sun—wind—hail—thunder and lightning—sun.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.6.How many people in the nation has the drought affected since April 8? A.25.95 million.B.18.44 million.C.8.07 million.D.20.88 million.7.What does the Minister of Water Resources think has caused the dry spell? A.Only lower rainfall.B.Only higher temperatures.C.Both lower rainfall and higher temperatures.D.Lower rainfall, higher temperatures and over-farming.8.What measures were the local governments urged to take to provide drinking water in drought-hit areas? A.Artificial precipitation.B.Digging of wells.C.Finding new water sources.D.All of the above.9.How much money has the Central Government allocated for rural drinking water security and small water projects? A.7.5 billion yuan.B.6.4 billion yuan.C.1.1 billion yuan.D.13.9 billion yuan.10.What is the passage mainly about? A.The victory over the drought.B.The disasters caused by the drought.C.The drought and coping measures.D.The drought and its causes.1.What happened to 200 supercarriers in the past 20 years? A.They survived severe storms.B.They lost their ways at sea.C.They were lost with a few survivors.D.They were lost with no survivors.2.What does the woman find surprising? A.Modern technology cannot save supercarriers.B.Modern technology has saved many supercarriers.C.Communications and emergency services have improved fast.D.Communications and emergency services have improved slowly.3.Which of the following is true of the helicopter? A.It was blown into the sea.B.It sank with the supercarrier.C.It saved a few people on the supercarrier.D.It saved the supercarrier.4.What happened to the oil-drilling rig off Canada's coast? A.The workers escaped.B.A lot of people died.C.The rig was overturned.D.The rig exploded.5.What is the main idea of the dialog? A.Tsunami—the most destructive disaster at sea.B.Rogue waves—the most powerful sea waves.C.Mysteries of sea disasters.D.The fate of different super-carriers.1.What may workaholics do? A.They bring work home.B.They keep working until after midnight.C.They bend over their work on weekends.D.All of the above.2.Which of the following does the speaker recommend doing? A.Concentrating on one thing a week.B.Concentrating on one thing a day.C.Concentrating on one thing at a time.D.Doing just a few things at a time.3.What should one do first according to the passage? A.What is important.B.What one understands.C.What is easy.D.What is difficult.4.What does the speaker say about working at home? A.One should not bring too much work home.B.One can work in the living room if one has a home office.C.One should not bring confidential files home.D.One should work only within the usual working hours.5.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.Bad habits of workaholics.B.Tips for workaholics.C.Good habits of a devoted worker.D.Cultivation of a devoted worker.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.6.Why does the speaker mention “football”? A.It is more popular than basketball.B.It is less popular than basketball.C.It is an example of the importance of teamwork.D.It is an example of the importance of physical strength.7.Which of the following is the reason that team spirit is being increasingly valued in modern society? A.Today's society is a self-sufficient one.B.Today's society is no longer a self-sufficient one.C.Individualism is increasingly valued throughout the world.D.Team sports have become increasingly popular in modern society.8.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as the product of cooperative efforts? A.A pot of flowers.B.A loaf of bread.C.An article of clothes.D.A transportation means.9.Why kind of people do companies today especially want to employ according to the dialog? A.Skilled workers.B.Computer experts.C.Good Football players.D.Good team players.10.According to the passage, why should we learn to cooperate with each other? A.To meet the needs of personal development.B.To meet the needs of the complex society.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.1.What does the man mean by saying “No one has a good enough memory to be a successful liar”? A.With a good memory you will be a successful liar.B.If the listener has a bad memory, you will succeed in lying.C.If you lie, you will forget what you said and be found out.D.If you remember your lie well, nobody can see through it.2.Why did the man call the woman into his office? A.To praise her good appearance.B.To give her money.C.To reprimand her for being late.D.To reprimand her for telling a lie.3.What is the woman? A.A secretary.B.An assistant manager.C.The office manager.D.The accountant.4.What does the man say he has noticed over the past year? A.The woman has grown lazier.B.The woman has become more interested in money.C.The woman has grown prettier.D.The woman has improved her work.5.What does the dialog say about the training courses? A.The woman has paid a lot to attend them.B.The man has paid a lot to attend them.C.They have improved the woman's work.D.They have turned out to be a failure.1.What did the Mexican fisherman say when advised to stay out longer and catch more fish? A.He was tired.B.He could not find more fish.C.He had caught enough fish for his family's immediate use.D.He had caught enough fish for his family's long-term consumption.2.Which of the following is the sequence of actions the American suggests for the Mexican? A.Selling to the factory—owning a factory—owing a fleet of boats B.Owing a fleet of boats—selling to the factory—owning a factory C.Owing a fleet of boats—owning a factory—selling to the factory D.Selling to the factory—owing a fleet of boats—owning a factory 3.What did the American suggest the Mexican could finally do to make millions of dollars? A.Expand his fleet.B.Expand his factory.C.Sell more fish to the middleman.D.Sell his company's stock to the public.4.What did the American advise the Mexican to do after the latter had made millions of dollars? A.Lead a leisurely life.B.Lead a colorful life in Mexico City.C.Lead a profitable life in Los Angeles.D.Follow an MBA program.5.What does the Mexican's final answer imply? A.Playing with one's children is more fun than drinking wine.B.Drinking wine is more fun than playing the guitar.C.It is not worthwhile to work hard to expand one's business.D.It is a good idea to work hard to make plenty of money.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.6.What is the speaker's attitude towards frequent job-hopping? A.Highly positive.B.Slightly positive.C.Neutral.D.Negative.7.According to some people, how may people benefit from moving from job to job every few years? A.They may have more opportunities to move upward in responsibility.B.They may keep their skills up to date.C.Both A and B.D.Neither A nor B.8.According to the speaker, what may happen to people who stick to one job at one company? A.They may have opportunities for promotion.B.They may lose opportunities for promotion.C.They will be looked down upon by colleagues.D.They may be considered professionally incompetent.9.According to the speaker, what is the second disadvantage for people who change their jobs too often? A.They may be considered dishonest.B.They may be considered professionally incompetent.C.They may be considered not clever enough.D.They may be considered too ambitious.10.What does the speaker finally say about people who change their jobs too often? A.They may have a good team spirit.B.They are unlikely to be self-centered.C.Both A.and B.D.Neither A.nor B.1.How soon can they move into the new office? A.Before July 1st.B.After July 1st.C.Before August 1st.D.After August 1st.2.When will the new company probably start operating? A.Before mid-July.B.After mid-July.C.Before mid-August.D.After mid-August.3.What experience did the woman have? A.She always bought new equipment.B.She assisted her former boss in marketing.C.She was in charge of finance only.D.She did marketing and finance on her own.4.What will the woman do first on Monday morning? A.Buy new equipment.B.Call the art people.C.Hand in her marketing plan.D.Write a marketing plan.5.What has the man done about recruiting people? A.He has employed some R & D experts.B.He has found some candidates for the company's R & D section.C.He has employed some art people.D.He has found some candidates for the company's art work.1.Those who concealed their anger or quickly became irritable were 50 percent more likely than the average person to have an early heart attack.A.True B.False 2.The study by Patricia Carson and her colleagues involved over 1,000 subjects who were followed for an average of 36 years.A.True B.False 3.The questionnaire collected information on how the subjects reacted to pressure or stress.A.True B.False 4.By age 76, nearly two thirds of those who were classified as most angry had developed cardiovascular disease at an average age of 56.A.True B.False 5.Carson concludes that the most important thing angry young men can do is to go to a quiet room to calm themselves down.A.True B.False

1.At the beginning the man wants to have his hair styled.A.True B.False 2.The woman beautician tries to offer the man the complete service.A.True B.False 3.The man asks for a mirror because he suspects too much hair has been cut off.A.True B.False 4.Finally the man has short, yellow hair.A.True B.False 5.Now that the man has a fashionable hair style, he will go to the job interview with confidence.A.True B.False

1.Skiing is close to nature though crowds tend to make too much noise.A.True B.False 2.Every year forty or fifty skiers break their legs.A.True B.False 3.The woman thinks it is possible and necessary to be prepared for an avalanche.A.True B.False 4.Guides set off explosives to start avalanches, thus making the snow stable.A.True B.False 5.An avalanche beacon is an electronic device that sends a signal if a skier is buried by an avalanche.A.True B.False

1.The office manager offers to show the woman around.A.True B.False 2.The man promises to remove the stack of files from the woman's desk.A.True B.False 3.If the woman needs supplies, she can just let the man know.A.True B.False 4.Although the woman is a newcomer in the office, she is ready to call customers.A.True B.False 5.The woman has to press zero for an outside telephone line.A.True B.False

1.The man switched jobs owing mainly to layoff and company bankruptcy.A.True B.False 2.Now the man is doing a job more or less the same as he did before.A.True B.False 3.It was easy for the man to adjust to the new job amid technological advances and the Internet revolution.A.True B.False 4.According to the man, to keep up with the dramatic changes, one must constantly gather all kinds of information.A.True B.False 5.The man says that a job-seeker should concentrate on work-related classes and should not try to learn about other subjects.A.True B.False

第三篇：英語聽力稿

2017年漢陽區中考英語模擬試題(二)聽力錄音稿

第一節（共4小題，每小題1分，滿分4分）

聽下面4個問題。每個問題后有三個答語，從題中所給的A、B、C、D三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每個問題后，你都有5秒鐘的時間作答和閱讀下一小題。每個問題僅讀一遍。

Text1.What is it in that old box? Text2.Who will come to give us a talk? Text3.How are you going to Washington DC？ Text4.When will the performance start?

第二節（共8題，每小題1分，滿分8分）

聽下面8段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

Text5.W：May I help you sir? M：Yes.I’d like to try on some sports jackets.I prefer something like the one I wearing.Text6.M: Well, I’d better go home now.It’s been great see you again.W: Oh, it was nice to see you, too.Text7.M: The plane will take off at 9:30.W: So we still have half an hour.Text8.W: John, why don’t you sit down and take a rest?

M: I will be right there after washing the dishes.Text9.M: I heard you got full marks in the exam.Congratulations.W: I’m sure you also did well.Text10.M: Thanks a lot for offering to return these books to the library for me.W: Four books? And I have four of my own to take back, too.Text11.W: Do you mind if I turn the television off?

M: Well, I’m in the middle of watching a program.Text12.M: Can you tell me what the word means?

W: Don’t you have a dictionary?

第三節

聽下面4段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話和獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白聽兩遍。聽下面一段材料，回答13至15題。

M: Hello, Alice!I’m in the park now.I wonder if I could talk to you about our evening party.W: Of course, Jim!Please go ahead.M: When do you think id the best time for the party? W: How about Friday evening? I will be free then.M: Sounds good.However, I might have something else to do then.W: Is Saturday evening OK? It is a great time, too.M: Good.Shall I come to your house to talk about the party tonight? W: Sorry, I’ll be in the office the whole night.So let’s meet there, shall we? M: No problem.聽下面一段對話，回答16至18題。

W: Hi, Tony.It’s only 7:10.There is still fifty minutes left for the class.Why are you in a hurry? M: We must arrive at school twenty minutes earlier.That’s one of our school rules.W: Anything else? M: We must wear school uniforms.We aren’t allowed to choose our own clothes.W: Are you allowed to listen to music in the classroom.M: No.But we can listen to music outside the classroom.W: What about reading storybooks? M: We can only do that after class.聽下面一段對話，回答19至21題。

M: Wow, so many nice stamps!You must enjoy collecting them, Annie.W: Oh, they aren’t mine.All of them belong to my cousin Tony.M: Tony? Do you mean the boy who used to be lazy? W: Yes, Bill.Now he is working hard at everything.M: Amazing!W: People sure change.M: That’s true.By the way, are you allowed to collect stamps at home? W: No, my parents think I should pay more attention to my studies.Even if any friend came to my house, they would be mad.M: How strict they are!W: Yeah, but they think they are doing good to me.M: I think they might need to change their ideas about teenagers.W: Yes, you’re right.We are not children now.Sometimes they should think about our ideas.聽下面一段對話，回答22至25題。

Are you doing anything for Earth Day this year? I think it’s a really good idea.It shows people how they can help the environment.This year we are all going to the Jiufeng Area to do pickup.That means collecting all the trash that people drop, like Coke cans and sweet wrappers and other things like that.We’ll start at 8 am and then pick up litter until about 1 pm.Then we’ll have a huge picnic.It’ll be great.You are supposed to take food and there are places to cook hamburgers and hot dogs and other things.Then we’ll do pickup again until about 3 pm.We’ll have to be very careful to tidy up well after the picnic!

第四篇：英語聽力訓練方法

一、聽說訓練中應注意幾個問題

一般英語學習者，在全面提高英語的前提下，要提高聽、說能力，應首先注意以下三點：

1．注意區分和模仿正確的語音、語調

在英語里有不少讀音相近，但意思卻截然不同的詞匯，象cure(治愈)和 kill(殺死)，menu(菜單)和manure(肥料)等。設想如果有一個醫生想說:“I'll cure you.”(我要治好你的病。)卻因發音不好，說成:“I'll kill you.”(我要殺死你。)那病人會嚇成什么樣子。又比如，有人對你說：“ I am thirty.My wife is thirty, too.”而你聽到的卻是：“I am dirty.My wife is dirty, too.”你一定會莫名其妙。實際上，所差之處就是一個音素。因此，我們從一開始就要注意區分和模仿正確的語音，語調。在這個基礎上提高聽、說，才能收到良好效果。

2．創造一定的聽、說環境

聽、說是一種語言交流，沒有一個外語環境或一定的聽、說條件，只靠單槍匹馬很難收效。當然，現代科學為我們提供了錄音機這一工具，我們可以把課文，對話和中外成品磁帶錄制下來反復聽和模仿。還可以把自己的口頭作文和復述錄下來，仔細審聽，發現問題，及時糾正。但是，在自然條件下，聽與說是不能分的。一個人聽的過程實際是另一個人說的過程。如果有條件的話，最好能把自學的伙伴組織起來，定期開展會話活動，或利用社會上，公園中提供的“外語角”等條件，既練了說，又練了聽，在實際的語言環境中練習，才能取得長足的進步。

3．要有不怕聽錯，說錯，不斷苦練的精神

練習聽、說的學習者，特別是成年人，往往必聽錯、說錯，不敢主支張口練習。然而，語言是一種習慣，沒有反復的操練和實踐難以產生熟練的技巧。會話重在達意，只要達到交流思想的目的，這種聽、說實踐就應該說是基本成功的。出了錯，注意總結經驗，自學改正就是了。

二、聽力訓練的四個階段

⑴入門階段：

這個階段適合初學者。在學完字母及一些簡單句型和詞匯后即可開始。一般可以進行三個聽力練習：

1）句型練習：做這項練習時，可以把句型、詞匯及語法三項結合起來。這方面有不少國內外出版的句型練習教科書及錄音帶，如：《英語九百句》（English 900）和《情景對話》(Situational Dialogues)，鄧炎昌編的《英語會話五十題》和鄧榮成編譯的《實用英語問答》等。這些課本編排比較科學，由淺入深，循序漸進，照顧到生活常用詞匯和句型，耐用做到了關鍵句型反復出現。配合課本錄制的磁帶質量也很好，幾乎都包括速度較慢的跟讀和重復練習。

2）淺顯易懂的英語小故事：聽小故事也是這一階段聽力訓練的重要步驟。如《羅賓漢的故事》(GRIMM'S TALES)，<<伊索寓言>>(AESOP'SFABLES)等。<<新概念英語>>第一二冊等的也可采用。聽故事旨在聽懂大意，鍛煉把前后內容連貫起來的能力，而不在于模仿語音，語調和熟記句型。聽故事還可以擴大詞匯，把學到的英語書面符號同聲音結合起來。

3）中外錄制的教科書課文：中外出版的一些英語教科書如:許國璋主編的《英語》統編教材一到四冊，周珊鳳，張祥保主編的《大學英語》，英國朗曼公司出版的《基礎英語》（ESSENTIAL ENGLISH）及美國麥希爾公司出版的>今日英語>(ENGLISH FOR TODAY)等，內容豐富，課文有相當的長度和難度。如果學習時配合聽課文錄音，或先聽后讀或學了之后再聽，都可以達到從聲音入手反復熟悉課文的目的，既學了課文，又練了聽力。最后，在入門階段，盡管掌握的英語不多，還是應該努力把聽和說結合起來，積極利用學過的內容，組織自學伙伴，開展對話。有條件的話，爭取能聽聽中外籍人士用英語介紹生活、學習或英美情況的小報告，即使只能勉強聽懂一部分也應嘗試。

⑵初級階段

這一階段仍屬基礎學習階段。主要任務是擴大、加深和鞏固入門階段所學成果，可以從以下幾方面進行訓練:

1)繼續聽句型練習和小故事：這一階段要注意通過時間較長，難度較大，語言現象較復雜的聽力材料來繼續解決語音，詞匯和語法這三方面的問題。如果仍沿用入門階段的句型練習材料，就要加大單位時間聽力材料的數量，并爭取在回答或重復時提高自己的準確度。總之，應在材料難度及反應速度方面下功夫。在聽小故事方面可聽《如此故事》（WHATA STORY）一類的成品錄音帶。其特點是在錄制故事時，有意識地安排了好幾個人插話，提問，以中斷某人敘述的方式來進行一些意見交流，這也可算作情景對話，得同簡單的問答式對話大不相同，它更接近真實生活，也更自然。

2）選聽各種報告錄音，擴大聽的內容：為了擴大詞匯，并逐步適應不同口音和年齡的講話，這一階段可選聽一些淺易的英美歷史、地理、風俗人情的報告。英美人士訪華印象的講話也是很好的內容。這些講話一般以半小時左右為宜，既增長知識又提高聽力。

3）開始收聽北京電臺對外廣播：電臺的英語涉及政治、經濟、文化等各方面內容，語言比較規范，播音員語音、語調又是楷模，因此聽英語廣播是學習英語的極好途徑。北京電臺（Radio Beijing）收聽方便，每日內容更新，多數是有關我國各方面發展的消息。由于學習者熟悉這些內容，這就降低了聽力難度，所以對聽力剛剛入門的人來說是比較合適的。在這一階段，聽的重點應是北京電臺對外的新聞廣播、國際形勢分析及一些文化評論。聽時要摸索新聞廣播的一般規律，注意培養聽新聞的一些基本技巧和方法。如果一開始感到困難，可以采取以下兩個輔助辦法，即在聽廣播之前閱讀《北京周報》（BEIJING REVIEW），《中國日報》(CHINA DAILY)或《新華電訊稿》(XIN-HUA NEWS BULLETIN)有關文章。這樣，在內容和詞匯有一定準備的情況下，聽英語廣播就會容易得多。另外，可以把新聞和評論錄制下來，反復精聽，逐句推敲。這也是抽調聽力的一個很好訓練方法。在這一階段，仍應進行聽說配合的訓練，做口頭作文，寫報告等等，并開展力能及的討論。

⑶中級階段

本階段應從機械訓練轉向實踐，從課本進入社會。解決聽外臺的能力作為這一階段的一項主要任務。可進行以下訓練。

1）聽美國之音(VOA)慢速廣播(VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH PROGRAM)或英國廣播公司(BBC)英語廣播(BBC ENGLISH BY RADIO):這兩個節目速度較慢，在詞匯選擇上也有適當控制，因此作為訓練聽外臺的起步練習是很合適的。開始時可根據自己熟悉的工英國或美國音來選聽BBC或VOA，然后逐步向另一臺過渡。在聽這兩種特殊節目毫無困難之后，就可轉向正常速度的英美電臺廣播。電臺廣播和報刊雜志的內容是緊密聯系在一起的。因此，在進行這一訓練的同時，應閱讀一些英文報刊雜志。

2）視聽結合，訓練聽懂電影，戲劇的能力:看外語電影可以納入這一階段的訓練。聽電影，戲劇中的臺詞，實際是相當難的，作為起步，可以先看一些翻譯成英語的國產電影，如《閃閃的紅星》甚至幻燈片《高玉寶》等。然后選看熟悉的影片，如《列寧在一九一八》，《戰爭下和平》等。最后可嘗試聽一些語言規范，內容健康的原版英美電影，如《冰海沉船》《百萬英磅》《簡。愛》《孤星血淚》《霧都孤兒》《紅菱艷》以及中央電視臺的《星期日英語》(ENGLISH ON SUNDAY)節目中經常播放的一些英美電影對話，不能要求每句話，每個字都聽懂，應以是否正確把握住了故事情節和重要的細節為標準。

3）繼續前兩階段的某些聽力訓練:聽力訓練是長期的，經常的任務因此，各人可以根據自己的薄弱環節，在向新內容發展的同時，堅持進行某些前兩階段采用過的聽力練習形式，但難度和詞匯量有所加強，要多聽英美文化和政治經濟方面的報告，以及訪華學者就當今大家感興趣和國際問題，青年問題等所作的一小時左右的報告。

（4）高級階段

本階段完成后，英語學習者應達到或者接近英美人的聽力水平，并能應付各種情況。

1）在聽外臺方面，要訓練聽正常速度節目。要從重點聽新聞，轉向多聽專欄評論和報道。

2）在可能條件下，爭取聽使用英語的學術討論會，語言學，文學，歷史，政治經濟等問題的講座和科普報告，并積極參加報告會后的討論活動。

3)如有興趣或需要，可進一步訓練聽戲劇臺詞和詩歌朗誦，如莎士比亞，蕭伯納，奧尼爾等名家的戲劇，或英美詩歌名篇。

4)練習聽懂用英語講授的課程，學習英語是為了掌握一種語言工具，從而更好地精通自己的專業，因此，在這一聽力階段應達到聽懂用英語講授的專業課程或報告，要練習完全用英語進行思維，把耳聽，思考，理解和筆錄完美地用英語統一起來，如果客觀上沒有這種聽課條件，大量閱讀專業資料，聽有關專業的英語報告，并積極開展英語討論，與同行交換看法等，也可以在很大程度上彌補這方面的不足。

三.聽力訓練的幾個具體問題

(1)泛聽和精聽相結合

在聽力訓練中，既要能準確無誤地聽出某些重要的數據，年代，人名，地名及事實，又要兼顧把握大意的訓練，這弱項就必須所精聽與泛聽結合起來，交替練習，即把精聽和泛聽分成各處獨立的練習，聽時穿插安排，也可把一個故事或報告他成精泛段落，有些部分精聽，其余泛聽。在精聽時，要首先熟悉聽力材料中的生詞，對有此難句可以反復聽：而泛聽則首先著眼于量大，只求掌握大意，不必了解每個細節，精聽遍數不限，直到完全聽懂為止。

泛聽的遍數，由材料難度和自己的程度來決定，得一般不要超過三遍否則就失去了泛聽的意義，泛聽時，不宜中間打斷，要一氣呵成，精聽則可在句子之間或困難之處停下機器，倒帶重聽。興泛不精，會養成似是而非，不求甚解的習慣，反之，則見樹不見林，抓不住大意。所以這兩種訓練哪一種也不應偏廢。

(2)聽力訓練應培養的能力和從上下文猜字的能力，在聽力訓練過程中，往往會碰到聽不清或聽不懂的情況，原因很多，有進是由于說話人發音不清楚或錄音效果不好，有時是因為出現了生詞或內容陌生的緣故，這就要靠抓字音及從上下文猜字的能力來解決問題。比如:我們初次聽《薄雪花》(EDE LWEISS)這首歌時，可能對其中兩處的歌產生疑問，一是“You look happy to meet me”。有人會認為是 “You look happy to me，to me ”。但若仔細多聽，就會發現 meet me 連讀時[t]音部分失去爆破，并不和me 相連。另一難點是“Blossom of snow，may you bloom and grow”這句歌詞中，blossom 一字由于節拍關系，唱得快，[l]音聽不清楚，再加上和后面的of連讀，給聽者造成很大困難，這時需要運用猜字的能力，從上下文進行分析，這是一首關于白色花的歌曲，后面的動詞中又有bloom(開放)這個詞，只有blossom(花朵)這個詞才比較合適，況且只有blossom這個詞包含和[sm]這兩個從錄音帶上可以辨認的聲音，這樣問題迎刃而解，所以，碰到類似情況時，首先要記住能聽清的聲音，然后根據上，下文的內容和語法關系提供的線索來進行推測，如果可能的話，還可以根據字音查一下字典，這一能力的培養是聽力訓練中很關鍵的一個環節，對獨立工作，擺脫困難至關重要。

2)排除雜音和各種干擾的能力：為國培養這一能力，要多聽新聞廣播，聽那些看不見說話人口形的錄音報告，要逐漸適應人們說話加上“well”，“eh”之類填充語

(hesitation fillers)的習慣，以及有時說了一半忽然轉念另起一句話的現象，還要努力做到能把錄音不清楚的一詞半語，或者講演者降低聲音，很快一帶而過的詞句正確地補充出來。

3)要有適應英國音，美國音及一些主要方言的能力：聽力訓練可以采取從一種音入手，再逐步過渡到另一種音的辦法。為了更快的掌握聽好英國音和美國音的能力，學習者可以主動歸納或對比兩種英語在發音，語調上的差別，以便更好地渡過這一關。如美國人在or，er等組合字母后面還要加上[r]音:doctor[ ](英音)，[ ](美音):把[a:]音發為[ ]音:can't[ka:nt](英音)，[k nt](美音)等發音特點。對英格蘭北部，蘇格蘭地區有此特殊的發音和用字，以及美國黑人英語，澳大利亞，新西蘭英語中的一些變異現象，如無特殊需要，一般可以不練，不學。但適當有一些了解，聽一，兩個樣品錄音也有好處。

(3)聽力訓練的時間安排：聽力訓練需要思想高度集中，故時間安排以每天精神最佳時候為宜。而且，時間不宜過長，第要連續聽一小時以上。聽力又是習慣成自然的技巧訓練，所以每天安排一段時間。不能三天打魚，兩天曬網，更不能聽一段時間后，就一扔半年，一年。

(4)聽力測試方法 聽力測試有各種形式，可根據本人程度及訓練目的，找一些合適的附，有測試題的聽力教材做些練習，考核水平

第五篇：英語聽力文章

Pope Francis Represents Firsts for Catholics

From VOA Learning English, this is IN THE NEWS in Special English.這里是美國之音慢速英語新聞報道。

Former Argentine Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio has become the first Latin American to be elected leader of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church.阿根廷前樞機主教豪爾赫·貝爾高利奧（Jorge Bergoglio）成為了首位當選全球天主教會領導人的拉丁美洲人。

At least 77 of the Catholic Church's 115 cardinals chose the new Pope during a vote in the Vatican in Rome.The new leader, called Pope Francis, later joked to the public that the cardinals went almost to the end of the earth to find a new Pope.天主教會的115位樞機主教中至少有77位在羅馬梵蒂岡的這次投票中將票投給了這位新教皇。這位被稱為教皇弗朗西斯的新任領導人隨后向公眾開玩笑說，樞機主教們為了尋找新教皇幾乎踏遍了天涯海角。

He follows Pope Emeritus Benedict in office.The former pope resigned the position because, at age 85, he said he lacked the strength to continue his work.他將繼任教皇本篤十六世的職位。教皇本篤十六世辭去了這一職位，因為他說以他85歲的高齡無力繼續擔任教皇。

On Thursday, Pope Francis led his first Mass as Pope for the cardinals who elected him.He urged them to remain faithful to the Gospel, the teachings of those who follow Jesus Christ, and avoid modern desires.周四，教皇弗朗西斯為選舉他的樞機主教們主持了作為教皇的首次彌撒。他督促他們繼續忠于福音，忠于那些信奉耶穌基督者的教導，并避免現代的欲望。

Pope Francis was born Jorge Mario Bergolio in Buenos Aires, Argentina on December 17, 1936 to immigrant Italian parents.In 1960 he earned a philosophy degree from the Catholic University in Buenos Aires.Later he received a master's degree in chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires.He officially became a priest in 1969.For many years he taught in Catholic schools and schools for priests-in-training.Pope Francis became the new Archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998.He was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul Second in February of 2001.教皇弗朗西斯于1936年12月17日出生在阿根廷布宜諾斯艾利斯的一個意大利移民家庭，其全名為豪爾赫·馬里奧·貝爾高利奧（Jorge Mario Bergolio）。1960年，他在布宜諾斯艾利斯的天主教大學獲得哲學學位，隨后在布宜諾斯艾利斯大學獲得化學碩士學位。1969年他正式成為一名神父。多年來他一直在天主教學校和神父培訓學校教學。1998年教皇弗朗西斯成為布宜諾斯艾利斯的新任大主教。2001年2月，他被教皇約翰·保羅二世（Pope John Paul Second）任命為樞機主教。

Pope Francis is known for his conservative beliefs.Argentina became the first Latin American country to make same-sex marriage legal in 2010.At that time, he called on priests across the nation to urge Catholics to protest.He said the legislation would be harmful to the family.But, even though he opposes homosexuality, he has called for respect toward people who love others of the same sex.教皇弗朗西斯因其保守信念而著稱。2010年，阿根廷成為首個同性婚姻合法的拉美國家。當時，他要求全阿根廷的神父督促天主教徒對此抗議。他說，這項立法會傷害家庭。但是，即使他反對同性戀，他還是呼吁尊重同性戀人士。As a priest and cardinal, Pope Francis also became known for his simple lifestyle, personal humility and commitment to social justice.作為神父和樞機主教，教皇弗朗西斯還因其生活儉樸、為人謙遜以及承諾社會公正而著稱。Pope Francis is the first Jesuit to be elected to lead the church.Jesuits are known for their commitment to the poor.教皇弗朗西斯是當選領導教會的首位耶穌會會士。耶穌會會士以其承諾清貧而著稱。Catholic Church expert Father Thomas Reese says Pope Francis rose through church leadership in Argentina while continuing a simple life.天主教會專家托馬斯·里斯神父說，教皇弗朗西斯在阿根廷教會領導層升職期間任然過著簡樸生活。

“He takes his vow of poverty very seriously.He refused to live in the Bishop's palace, he moved to a very simple apartment, cooked his own meals and he didn't want the chauffeur-driven limousine that the bishop normally had.” “他將清貧的誓約看得很重。他拒絕住進主教宮殿，而是搬到一個非常簡單的公寓，自己做飯，也拒絕了主教通常都有的配備司機的豪華轎車。

This week, after holding his first Mass, the new Pope requested guards to take him to the hotel where he was staying so he could pay his bill and collect his suitcases.本周，在他主持了首次彌撒后，這位新教皇讓警衛帶他到他所住的酒店去支付賬單和收拾行李。

The former Cardinal Bergolio is the first to choose Francis as his papal name.In doing so, Pope Francis has linked himself with the 13th century Italian priest who led his life in poverty, the man who became known as Saint Francis of Assisi.前樞機主教貝爾高利奧是首位選擇弗朗西斯作為教皇名字的人。這樣做，教皇弗朗西斯將自己和13世紀甘于清貧的意大利神父聯系了起來，那名神父就是有名的圣·方濟各。Next week, the new Pope will be officially installed.下周，新教皇將正式就職。

奧巴馬訪中東 促巴以恢復和談

President Barack Obama will use his trip to Israel, the occupied West Bank, and Jordan to address Israelis and Palestinians about reviving peace efforts.Iran's nuclear program and Syria's civil war are also on the agenda.奧巴馬總統在訪問以色列、被占領的約旦河西岸和約旦期間將敦促以色列和巴勒斯坦人恢復和平努力。他還會談到伊朗核項目以及敘利亞內戰的問題。

Obama last visited Israel in 2008 as a senator and presidential candidate.Now, he returns as a two-term president, but has been unsuccessful in overcoming obstacles to Middle East peace.奧巴馬總統上次訪問以色列是在2008，當時他是參議員和總統候選人。現在他已是連任的美國總統，但一直沒能成功地克服中東和平障礙。

He will carry no new peace initiative, but will deliver a message.奧巴馬這次不會提出新的和平計劃，但會向巴以雙方表明立場。

“That peace between the Israelis and Palestinians remains a priority of the president,” said White House Deputy Press Secretary Josh Earnest.“That's something that he isready to strongly support if that dialogue is ready to take off.” 白宮發言人厄內斯特說：“以色列和巴勒斯坦之間的和平仍然是總統最關心的問題。如果他們準備開始對話，奧巴馬總統和美國隨時大力支持。”

The United States supports two states, Israel and Palestine, living peacefully alongside each other.But Obama's relationship with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been strained, especially over Israeli settlements in the occupied territories.美國支持以色列和巴勒斯坦作為兩個國家和平共存，但是奧巴馬總統和以色列總理內塔尼亞胡的關系緊張，特別是在以色列在被占領區修建定居點的問題上。

Obama will reassure both sides that he supports their rights, and their security, says Neil Kritz of the U.S.Institute for Peace.The stakes are high.美國和平研究所的尼爾.克利茨說，奧巴馬會再次向巴以雙方保證美國支持他們的權利和安全，這件事賭注很高。

“For this president, one of the key challenges will be at what point does a two-state solution become more difficult to achieve.He does not want to have as his legacy, being in his term the two-state solution was lost as an option,” he said.克利茨說：“對總統來說，一個重要的挑戰是，兩國共存的解決辦法在什么時候會變得更難以實現。奧巴馬不希望兩國共存這個解決辦法在他任職期間變得毫無可能。他不想讓這成為他的政治遺產。”

Obama was re-elected in November with 69 percent of the Jewish vote, despite Mitt Romneyquestioning his commitment to Israel.奧巴馬去年11月再次當選總統。雖然其競爭對手羅姆尼質疑他是否堅決支持以色列，但是69%的猶太裔美國人投了奧巴馬的票。

“This president, as was shown in election after election, has been a true friend of the Jewish people, and American Jewish voters have shown him that,” said Aaron Keyak, executive director of the National Jewish Democratic Council, which was invited to a recent discussion with the president.阿倫.克亞克是全國猶太裔民主黨人理事會的執行主任，該組織最近應邀與奧巴馬討論中東問題。阿倫.克亞克說：“一次次選舉表明，奧巴馬總統是猶太人民的真正朋友。猶太裔美國人也向他顯示，我們認為他是真正的朋友。”

Eric Fusfield of B’nai Brith International calls Obama's Mideast visit an opportunity to see what is really happening on the ground.圣約信徒國際理事會的埃里克.福斯菲爾德認為，奧巴馬的中東之行會讓他有機會看到那里究竟發生著什么。

“There is really no substitute for face-to-face contact, people at the grassroots level, seeing and feeling what's happening in Israel today,” he said.他說：“什么也代替不了面對面的接觸，和基層民眾接觸，看到和感受到以色列的現狀。” Several Arab-American groups also came to the White House, including the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.Its president, Warren David, says Arab Americans told Obama they're disappointed in the lack of progress toward a Palestinian state.阿拉伯裔美國人反歧視委員會等幾個阿拉伯裔美國人團體最近也應邀前往白宮，阿拉伯裔美國人反歧視委員會的主席沃倫.大衛說，阿拉伯裔美國人告訴奧巴馬，他們對巴勒斯坦人建國缺乏進展感到失望。

“I said point blank, I am hoping that you are going to leave a legacy, and that this is something that you will accomplish as president.And I would have to tell you that in the beginning I was very, very pessimistic, but I left being a little more optimistic because of what the president said, what his advisers said,” he said.他說：“我直截了當地說，我希望你作為總統能促成這件事，留下這個遺產。一開始我非常悲觀，在聽到總統及其顧問談話后，我有些樂觀了。”

David says Arab Americans told Obama they hope there will finally be peace between Israel and the Palestinians.大衛說，阿拉伯裔美國人告訴奧巴馬總統，他們希望以色列人和巴勒斯坦人之間最終會實現和平。

奧巴馬結束對以色列和約旦河西岸的訪問

U.S.President Barack Obama is winding down a visit to Israel and the West Bank that has included talks with Israeli and Palestinian leaders and calls for the two sides to resume peace efforts.美國總統奧巴馬即將結束對以色列和約旦河西岸的訪問，他在訪問期間與以色列和巴勒斯坦領導人舉行了會談，并敦促以巴雙方恢復和平努力。

Mr.Obama on Friday called for tolerance against others in a visit to Israel's Holocaust memorial.奧巴馬星期五在參觀以色列的大屠殺紀念館時發表講話，呼吁人們相互容忍。

Mr.Obama and Mr.Netanyahu are expected to have one more meeting before Mr.Obama departs for Jordan.The two men are likely to discuss Mr.Obama's Thursday speech in Jerusalem, where he said peace with the Palestinians is the “only path to true security.” 奧巴馬在前往約旦之前將和以色列總理內塔尼亞胡再次會晤。他們倆人可能討論奧巴馬星期四在耶路撒冷發表的講演。奧巴馬在講演中說，同巴勒斯坦實現和平是“實現真正安全的唯一途徑”。

Mr.Obama said Israeli leaders must recognize that “continued settlement activity” on land the Palestinians claim for a state is “counterproductive.” Mr.Obama also said he believes Israel has a genuine peace partner in Palestinian President Abbas.奧巴馬說，以色列領導人必須理解，繼續在巴勒斯坦人宣稱建國的土地上興建定居點會起到“反作用”。奧巴馬還表示，他相信巴勒斯坦權力機構主席阿巴斯是以色列的真正和平伙伴。

美國最低工資標準與婦女

President Obama's recent calls to raise the federally mandated minimum wage in the United Stateshas galvanized activists on labor issues, including those who note the wage boost would especially benefit women.美國總統奧巴馬最近提出提高美國的最低工資標準，從目前的每小時7.25美元增加到9美元。勞工活動人士說，提高最低工資標準對婦女更有益。

Activists in the United States are pressing the government to boost the minimum wage.美國勞工活動人士一直在要求政府提高最低工資標準。

President Obama supported this call in a recent televised address.奧巴馬總統最近對這個要求表示支持：

“A family with two kids that earns the minimum wage still lives below the poverty line.That's wrong,” said President Obama.“父母掙最低工資的雙子女家庭生活還在貧困線之下，這是不對的。”

While women make up about half of the U.S.workforce, they hold more than half of the nation's minimum-wage jobs, says Joan Entmacher of the National Women's Law Center.全國婦女法律中心的恩特馬切爾說，女性占美國工作人口的大約一半，美國最低工資工作的多一半由女性承擔：

“They're the people who serve you food in restaurants or prepare it behind the scenes,” said Entmacher.“They're the people who clean your offices at night after you go home or clean your hotel rooms.Those are the really low paid jobs, and they are overwhelmingly filled by women.” “婦女在飯館里為客人服務，她們晚上在人們下班以后打掃辦公室，她們打掃旅館房間。這些都是低工資工作，這些工作大部分都是婦女在做。”

That is why women have the most to gain if the minimum wage is boosted, she says.恩特馬切爾認為，提高最低工資標準對婦女最有好處：

“It's really important to women because two out of three minimum-wage workers are women,” she said.“But when women have more income, their families are better off, their children are better off, and the whole economy is better off because they have more money to spend, and that creates jobs for other people.” “當婦女有更多收入時，她們的家人會生活得更好，她們的孩子會得到更好的照顧，整個經濟都會更好，因為婦女有更多可支配收入，會為其他人創造就業機會。”

It can be especially hard to make ends meet in a tight economy.Debra Z.Roth found low-wage work during the recession, after surgery and a layoff from her well-paid job.在經濟不景氣的時候，要照顧家庭的婦女會感到壓力更大。羅斯原本收入不錯，被裁員之后，她找了一份低工資工作。

“I have a lot of confidence about the things that I've done, but the way in which the loss of money and the inability to feel secure affected me and affects other people is like the ground was taken out from under me,” said Roth.她說：“我原本對自己的工作能力很有自信。但收入減少以及隨之而來的不安全感影響了我，就好象是雙腳突然踏不到實地了。”

Now, Roth holds a job in her field-communications chief at the Washington-based Wider Opportunities for Women.She identifies with its aim to help women become financially secure, recalling her own struggle with low-wage living.現在，羅斯在華盛頓的“婦女發展機遇”機構負責外聯工作，這個機構的目標是幫助婦女獲得經濟上的安全感。羅斯忘不了她掙最低工資時的情景：

“I ended up coming home at the end of the day and counting tips and so forth and realizing, 'I can't do this.I'm wasting my time.I should be doing more to get a job that I can actually live on,” she said.“I cannot afford my rent.'” “我每天下班回家，先算算自己掙了多少小費，然后對自己說，我不能這樣下去，我這是在浪費時間。我必須得找一個能養活自己、能有錢交房租的工作。” Workers have not seen the federal minimum wage increase since 2009.美國聯邦最低工資標準自2009年起一直沒有提高。