第一篇：IMF總裁拉加德2014年國(guó)際婦女節(jié)致辭

IMF總裁拉加德2014年國(guó)際婦女節(jié)致辭

We at the IMF are celebrating International Women's Day today.And I would like to share this moment with you to tell you that, at the IMF, we are trying to focus on women’s issues: making sure that everybody knows that women make a difference, that women bring value to the table, that they contribute to the economy and that they matter enormously when it’s a question of focusing on value, focusing on principles and delivering on what they promise.我們今天在國(guó)際貨幣基金組織慶祝國(guó)際婦女節(jié)。我想與大家分享這一時(shí)刻，并想告訴你們，國(guó)際貨幣基金組織一直關(guān)注婦女問(wèn)題：讓婦女發(fā)揮作用，帶來(lái)價(jià)值，為經(jīng)濟(jì)做出貢獻(xiàn)；在價(jià)值、原則、實(shí)現(xiàn)潛力這些重要問(wèn)題上，婦女起著舉足輕重的作用。我們要使所有人都了解這一點(diǎn)。

第二篇：拉加德總裁2018IMF-人民銀行講話

Belt and Road Initiative: Strategies to Deliver in the Next Phase

“一帶一路”倡議：下一階段實(shí)施的戰(zhàn)略

Christine Lagarde, IMF Managing Director 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織總裁 克里斯蒂娜·拉加德

IMF-PBC Conference, Beijing

國(guó)際貨幣基金組織－民銀行研討會(huì)，北京

April 12, 2018 2018年4月12日

1.Introduction 1．引言

Governor Yi, Excellencies, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen – good morning!Zao Shang Hao!

易行長(zhǎng)，各位閣下，各位嘉賓，女士們、先生們——早上好（中文）！

Thank you for the kind introduction.感謝您的熱情介紹。

One year ago, here in Beijing, I spoke about the promise of the Belt and Road Initiative.一年前，就在北京，我曾談到“一帶一路”倡議的承諾和巨大潛力。

It is quite appropriate that we are gathered again at the beginning of the spring season, just when flowers start to bloom, to see how the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is developing.初春時(shí)節(jié)，鮮花盛開(kāi)，我們的再次齊聚一堂，共同見(jiàn)證“一帶一路”倡議取得的進(jìn)展。時(shí)機(jī)非常恰當(dāng)。

This is what I would like to discuss with you today: first, the early indications of progress under the Belt and Road Initiative – the blossoms – and then, equally important, how to make sure this endeavor can fully deliver in bearing fruit.而這也是我今天想與各位討論的內(nèi)容：首先，“一帶一路”的成果已初現(xiàn)端倪，綻放出了花朵；其次，同等樣重要的是，如何確保這一努力結(jié)出累累碩果。

2.Belt and Road Potential 2．“一帶一路”的潛力

In 2013, when President Xi announced the Belt and Road Initiative, he described it as a platform for international cooperation.From promoting trade, to fostering financial inclusion, to facilitating people-to-people exchanges, this initiative seeks to bring the world closer together.2013年，在習(xí)主席宣布“一帶一路”倡議時(shí)，他將之形容成為一個(gè)開(kāi)展國(guó)際合作的平臺(tái)。從促進(jìn)貿(mào)易到推動(dòng)普惠金融，再到促進(jìn)人與人的交流，這一倡議尋求拉近世界各地之間的距離。

One of the examples of how the Belt and Road can connect communities is through infrastructure investment.“一帶一路”將各群體相連的一個(gè)典型例子是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資。

We know that good infrastructure can help achieve more inclusive growth, attract more foreign direct investment, and create more jobs.我們知道，良好的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)更具包容性的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、吸引更多的外國(guó)直接投資并創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

A major project can transform the economic fortunes of a city or even an entire region.一個(gè)重大項(xiàng)目可以改變一個(gè)城市乃至整個(gè)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)命運(yùn)。

The Thailand-China high-speed railway is one example of infrastructure’s transformative impact.When completed, the new line will be the first of its kind in Thailand and could enhance the economy’s integration into regional supply chains.泰中高鐵就是一個(gè)的很好例子，展示了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施帶來(lái)的變革性影響。一旦建成，這條新線路將成為泰國(guó)第一條高鐵，并將促進(jìn)該國(guó)融入本地區(qū)的供應(yīng)鏈。

Another example is in Kazakhstan, where a recently constructed manufacturing development zone is already stimulating trade and linking previously isolated areas.另一個(gè)例子是哈薩克斯坦。近期，該國(guó)建成了制造業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)，這已開(kāi)始促進(jìn)之前閉塞的地區(qū)之間開(kāi)展貿(mào)易和交流。

Given the more than 70 BRI participating countries, it is difficult to estimate precisely the overall investment needs.But they will be in the hundreds of billions of dollars annually.“一帶一路”擁有70余個(gè)參與國(guó)，因此很難準(zhǔn)確估計(jì)所需的總投資規(guī)模，但每年的投資需求將會(huì)達(dá)到幾千億美元。

Clearly, there is a pressing need for infrastructure and already there are signs of progress.In other words, blooms are starting to appear.很明顯，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的需求十分迫切，且成果也初見(jiàn)端倪。換句話說(shuō)，鮮花開(kāi)始綻放。

But there is a concern that some investments – if not properly tended – could wither on the vine.但也有人擔(dān)心，一些投資如果管理不當(dāng)，可能會(huì)中途失敗。

So allow me to highlight two challenges facing the Belt and Road Initiative.因此，我想重點(diǎn)談一下“一帶一路”倡議面臨的兩個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。

3.Addressing Challenges in the Next Phase of Belt and Road 3．應(yīng)對(duì)“一帶一路”下一階段的挑戰(zhàn)

The first challenge is ensuring that Belt and Road only travels where it is needed.第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是，確保“一帶一路”的項(xiàng)目?jī)H在有需要的地方推進(jìn)。

With any large-scale spending there is sometimes the temptation to take advantage of the project selection and bidding process.由于涉及大規(guī)模的支出，人們有時(shí)會(huì)面臨項(xiàng)目甄選和招標(biāo)過(guò)程中的誘惑。

Experiences from across the globe show that there is always a risk of potentially failed projects and the misuse of funds.全球經(jīng)驗(yàn)顯示，項(xiàng)目失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和資金使用不當(dāng)?shù)那闆r總是存在的。

Even when the right project is picked, difficulties often arise during implementation.即便是選擇了正確的項(xiàng)目，在實(shí)施過(guò)程中也常會(huì)遇到困難。

If Chinese and other companies assist with construction overseas, they may face new political, legal, and environmental obstacles.如果中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家的企業(yè)幫助在海外開(kāi)展建設(shè)，那么它們可能會(huì)面臨政治、法律和環(huán)境方面的新障礙。

Preparing for these situations, selecting projects that fill true infrastructure gaps, and implementing them in the most efficient way should be top priorities moving forward.未來(lái)的首要工作，是為這些情況做好準(zhǔn)備，選擇那些能真正填補(bǔ)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施缺口的項(xiàng)目，并以最高效的方式予以實(shí)施。

This is related to the second challenge – focusing on sound fiscal policies.這與第二個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)有關(guān)——關(guān)注穩(wěn)健的財(cái)政政策。

The Belt and Road Initiative can provide much-needed infrastructure financing to partner countries.“一帶一路”倡議可以為伙伴國(guó)提供其亟需的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施融資。

However, these ventures can also lead to a problematic increase in debt, potentially limiting other spending as debt service rises, and creating balance of payment challenges.不過(guò)，這些項(xiàng)目也可能帶來(lái)問(wèn)題，導(dǎo)致債務(wù)水平上升。這可能會(huì)增加償債成本，從而限制了其他方面的支出。其也可能帶來(lái)國(guó)際收支方面的挑戰(zhàn)。

In countries where public debt is already high, careful management of financing terms is critical.This will protect both China and partner governments from entering into agreements that will cause financial difficulties in the future.公共債務(wù)已然很高的國(guó)家，應(yīng)該對(duì)融資條款進(jìn)行謹(jǐn)慎管理。這將防止中國(guó)與其伙伴國(guó)政府 簽署那些未來(lái)將有可能引發(fā)財(cái)政困難的協(xié)議。

Fortunately, we know that China’s leadership is aware of these potential risks – as well as the proven strategies that can help address the challenges.幸運(yùn)的是，我們知道中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已經(jīng)意識(shí)到了這些潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外，一些策略已被證明能幫助應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。

A good starting point is ensuring transparent decision-making.An overarching framework between the various agencies involved in the Belt and Road Initiative would help provide clarity to all stakeholders.一個(gè)好的起點(diǎn)是確保決策透明。在“一帶一路”倡議內(nèi)，各機(jī)構(gòu)之間建立起一個(gè)總體框架，將幫助為所有利益相關(guān)方提供清晰的信息。

A “one-stop shop” for the BRI could provide such a framework.The recently established International Development Cooperation Agency, which will be in charge of China’s foreign aid as well as the BRI, could potentially play this role.為“一帶一路”倡議建立一個(gè)“一站式服務(wù)”的機(jī)構(gòu)，便可提供一個(gè)這樣的框架。近期成立的、負(fù)責(zé)中國(guó)對(duì)外援助和“一帶一路”工作的國(guó)家國(guó)際發(fā)展合作署，可能會(huì)發(fā)揮出這種作用。

Digital tools can help as well.數(shù)字工具也有所幫助。

In Kenya, for example, the government recently launched an e-procurement system that made the review process more efficient and accessible.例如在肯尼亞，政府近期啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)電子采購(gòu)系統(tǒng)，這使評(píng)估工作更加高效、更易展開(kāi)。

Innovations like these can also help foster an open process and level playing field for project selection, which is essential for strong private sector participation.此類(lèi)創(chuàng)新也有利于為項(xiàng)目選擇建立公開(kāi)的流程并營(yíng)造公平的環(huán)境，而這對(duì)鼓勵(lì)私人部門(mén)密切參與至關(guān)重要。

For projects that have already been approved, dispute resolution systems can prevent small problems from turning into major complications.對(duì)于已獲批準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目，建立爭(zhēng)議解決機(jī)制 將能防止小問(wèn)題演變成為大麻煩。

As projects are designed and implemented, meeting environmental standards can build trust within the community and allow investments to become sustainable building blocks for growth.隨著項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃和實(shí)施，滿足環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可在各群體中建立信任，并使項(xiàng)目投資成為可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的基石。

These policies can enable success under the Belt and Road Initiative.這些政策能夠確保“一帶一路”倡議下的項(xiàng)目取得成功。

The IMF remains well-positioned to provide guidance in these areas, particularly by helping countries improve their overall public financial management.基金組織在這些領(lǐng)域經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備著在這些方面給予指導(dǎo)，特別是在幫助各國(guó)全面改善公共財(cái)政管理問(wèn)題上。

Through regular reviews of all IMF member economies – “surveillance” in IMF parlance – we offer policy advice to help countries maintain macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability, including for scenarios such as stepped-up investment.通過(guò)對(duì)全體基金組織成員經(jīng)濟(jì)體開(kāi)展定期評(píng)估（也就是基金組織所說(shuō)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督”），我們將提供政策建議，幫助各國(guó)維持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和債務(wù)的可持續(xù)性，這也包括了投資不斷增加的情況。

Through our capacity development, we assist our members, including China, in modernizing economic institutions, building human capital, and maintaining sound macroeconomic policies.通過(guò)開(kāi)展能力建設(shè)，我們將幫助包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的各成員國(guó) 實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制現(xiàn)代化，建設(shè)人力資本，維持穩(wěn)健的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。

While much of our focus is on the Belt and Road Initiative today, I am also pleased to announce the launch of the new China-IMF Capacity Development Center(CICDC).This center will soon begin offering a series of activities, including macro-financial training courses, to officials from many of our member countries, including China.雖然我們今天的討論主要關(guān)注“一帶一路”倡議，但我也很高興地宣布新的中國(guó)-國(guó)際貨幣基金組織聯(lián)合能力建設(shè)中心（CICDC）正式啟動(dòng)。該中心很快將開(kāi)始為包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的各成員國(guó)官員提供一系列的培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)，包括宏觀金融培訓(xùn)課程。

4.Conclusion 4．結(jié)論

Let me conclude by looking to the promise of the season.最后，讓我來(lái)談?wù)勥@個(gè)季節(jié)的承諾。

The steps taken today can help secure the expected gains from the Belt and Road Initiative and allow the buds we see to reach full bloom.今天采取的措施，有助于保障“一帶一路”倡議取得預(yù)想成果，讓我們所看到的花蕾最終盛開(kāi)。

Working together, we can ensure there is a good harvest for many years to come.通過(guò)共同努力，我們可以確保在未來(lái)的許多年終將能收獲累累碩果。

Thank you, and I wish you a successful conference.謝謝，預(yù)祝會(huì)議圓滿成功。

Xièxiè.謝謝（中文）。

第三篇：總裁拉加德涉腐敗案遭指控

總裁拉加德涉腐敗案遭指控

國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(IMF)總裁拉加德27日宣布，自己因一項(xiàng)腐敗案遭到“玩忽職守”罪的指控。但是拉加德稱(chēng)自己無(wú)意下臺(tái)。

她說(shuō)，她不會(huì)因遭到指控而辭職。她說(shuō)：“他將回到華盛頓，向董事會(huì)作簡(jiǎn)報(bào)。” 2007年底，時(shí)任法國(guó)財(cái)長(zhǎng)的拉加德指定法官對(duì)商人貝爾納·達(dá)比與里昂信貸銀行的售讓糾紛進(jìn)行仲裁。達(dá)比指控里昂信貸銀行1993年在出售其所有的阿迪達(dá)斯公司時(shí)隱瞞了巨額盈利。仲裁法庭后來(lái)裁定達(dá)比獲賠連息在內(nèi)共計(jì)4億多歐元，其中還包括4500萬(wàn)歐元的精神賠償。這起仲裁案的結(jié)果在法國(guó)引起爭(zhēng)議，拉加德被反對(duì)派指責(zé)濫用職權(quán)。延伸閱讀：

拉加德2007年出任法國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、財(cái)政與工業(yè)部長(zhǎng)后不久，涉嫌濫用職權(quán)，命令一家私營(yíng)仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)解決知名企業(yè)家貝爾納德·塔皮耶（即上文貝爾納·達(dá)比）與一家前法國(guó)國(guó)家控股銀行之間的爭(zhēng)端。

塔皮耶是時(shí)任總統(tǒng)尼古拉·薩科齊2007年競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)時(shí)的主要資助者之一。按檢方的說(shuō)法，塔皮耶的官司已糾纏多年。法國(guó)最高法院先前判決他敗訴，然而他不服。

那家仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)最終認(rèn)定，銀行在1993年出售塔皮耶名下阿迪達(dá)斯運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝品牌時(shí)操作不當(dāng)，需賠償塔皮耶5.58億美元。

最高法院檢察官讓?zhuān)芬姿埂ぜ{達(dá)爾質(zhì)疑拉加德為何決定下令仲裁，而不是尋求由法院解決爭(zhēng)端；面對(duì)巨額賠償金，拉加德為何決定不上訴。

拉加德否認(rèn)濫用職權(quán)。她的法律顧問(wèn)認(rèn)為，那家前國(guó)家控股銀行已經(jīng)注冊(cè)成為商業(yè)實(shí)體，完全適用經(jīng)由仲裁解決糾紛的做法。同時(shí)，沒(méi)有跡象表明拉加德本人從這一事件中受益。此前據(jù)中新網(wǎng)報(bào)道，貝爾納德·塔皮耶被指是薩科齊的好友，因此拉加德的處理方法可能得到了薩科齊的授意。

第四篇：A Changing Global Economy, A Changing IMF(拉加德東京年會(huì)年會(huì)致辭：前路展望)(中英對(duì)照)

Annual Meetings Speech: The Road Ahead—A Changing Global Economy, A Changing IMF 年會(huì)致辭：前路展望——日益變化的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)，不斷改變的基金組織

Christine Lagarde, Managing Director, International Monetary Fund 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織總裁 克里斯蒂娜·拉加德

Tokyo, Friday, October 12, 2012

東京，2012年10月12日

Introduction—the World Comes to Japan 引言——四海共聚于日本

Ohayo gozaimasu—good morning!Ohayo gozaimasu——上午好！

Mr.Chairman, governors, honored guests: on behalf of the International Monetary Fund, let me welcome you all to these Annual Meetings.Tokyo e yokoso!主席先生，各位理事，尊敬的各位來(lái)賓：首先，我謹(jǐn)代表國(guó)際貨幣基金組織，歡迎各位蒞臨本屆會(huì)議。東京歡迎您（Tokyo e yokoso）！

Let me acknowledge and thank His Imperial Highness, Crown Prince Naruhito, for being with us this morning.We feel deeply privileged by his presence.I would also like to thank our Japanese hosts for their incredible hospitality.And let me bid a very warm welcome to my friend President Jim Kim, who is taking part in his first Annual Meetings.I know how he feels—I was in his shoes last year!

我感謝皇太子徳仁親王今天上午出席我們的會(huì)議。對(duì)于他的到來(lái)，我深感榮幸。我想要感謝日本主辦方的盛情款待。同時(shí)，也請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向我的朋友金墉行長(zhǎng)致以誠(chéng)摯的歡迎。這是他首次出席年會(huì)，我可以體會(huì)他此刻的心情——去年的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我也有著同樣的心情！

When the Annual Meetings were last held in Tokyo, back in 1964, Japanese Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda said that “the vital challenge which we all face, whether domestically or internationally, is to promote stable economic growth and reduce the disparity between the rich and the poor.” As the old saying goes: the more things change, the more they stay the same(plus ?a change, plus c’est la même chose).上一次在東京舉行年會(huì)是在1964年。那屆年會(huì)上，日本首相池田勇人曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“我們所有人面臨的一個(gè)重大挑戰(zhàn)是，要推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，并縮小貧富差距，無(wú)論在國(guó)內(nèi)還是在國(guó)際層面上均如此。”而俗話說(shuō)得好：變化越多，越容易保持永恒

Japan has come a long way since 1964.從1964年至今，日本走過(guò)了漫長(zhǎng)的路程。

I have just returned from Sendai, the scene of last year’s devastating earthquake and tsunami.The scene of so many lost lives, so many shattered dreams.And yet I saw a city born anew.I saw firsthand the amazing efforts of the Japanese people in rebuilding their country and their lives.I saw courage and confidence.我不久前剛剛?cè)ミ^(guò)仙臺(tái)，那個(gè)城市在去年遭受了地震和海嘯的摧殘。在那里，如此多的生命被扼殺，如此多的夢(mèng)想被擊碎。但是這一次，我看到了一個(gè)煥然一新的城市。我親眼看到日本人民為重建家園、挽救生命付出的巨大努力。我看到了勇氣和信心。

It is an inspiration to the world.They understood what we must all understand—only by standing together as one can we overcome the turmoil of today and improve our collective future.這是對(duì)全世界一個(gè)莫大的鼓舞。他們所了悟的也正是我們所有人都應(yīng)清楚的一個(gè)道理——只有萬(wàn)眾一心，攜手共進(jìn)，我們才能平復(fù)今日的動(dòng)蕩，改善我們共同的未來(lái)。

This morning, I would like to share some sense of what that future might look like—for the global economy, the IMF, and all of us.在這里，我想談?wù)勛约簩?duì)這個(gè)未來(lái)世界的一點(diǎn)看法，它關(guān)乎全球經(jīng)濟(jì)，關(guān)乎基金組織，也關(guān)乎我們所有人。

And so I will talk about three things: 因此，我要談?wù)勅矫鎲?wèn)題：

A.The pace and scale of change in the global economy;全球經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度和規(guī)模；

B.Navigating the road ahead;如何向前路挺進(jìn)；

C.My sense of the Fund for the future.我對(duì)未來(lái)的基金組織的看法。

A.World in Flux—Big Sweeping Changes A.風(fēng)云變幻的世界——席卷全球的巨大變化

As we grapple with the great changes happening around us, perhaps we can learn from the 1964 Tokyo Annual Meetings.我們?cè)趭^力應(yīng)對(duì)周遭的巨大變化時(shí)，或許可以從1964年的東京年會(huì)中得到一些啟發(fā)。

Back then, the members who gathered here stood on the cusp of a bright new world, a golden era.Japan was in the midst of an economic rebirth and the global economy was roaring ahead.在那時(shí)，匯聚于此的成員國(guó)正處在一個(gè)美好新世界的巔峰上，一個(gè)黃金時(shí)代正在它們眼前鋪展開(kāi)來(lái)。日本的經(jīng)濟(jì)正在浴血重生，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)也在不斷轟鳴向前。

Just look at how far we have come.Look at the remarkable rise in living standards, measured by real GDP per capita: nearly 3? times higher for the world, 4 times higher for Japan, a stunning 9? times higher for emerging Asia.World trade volumes are 16 times higher.And, led by China, half a billion people in Asia alone have pulled themselves out of poverty over the past few decades.且看一看我們的成就吧。先看看生活水平的大幅提升，若以人均實(shí)際GDP來(lái)衡量，全世界幾乎上升了3.5倍，日本上升了4倍，亞洲新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體則上升了9.5倍，多么令人驚嘆的數(shù)字！再看看世界貿(mào)易量，如今已增加了16倍。另外，過(guò)去幾十年里，在以中國(guó)為首的亞洲國(guó)家中，已有5億人口脫離了貧困。

As we look ahead today, our world is being reshaped once again by a number of big megatrends.如今，當(dāng)我們展望未來(lái)時(shí)，我們的世界正在諸多重大趨勢(shì)中得到重新塑造。

Big demographic changes are taking place: vast numbers of young people in rising economic regions;graying populations in advanced and major emerging economies;and more and more women participating in the economy.By 2035, Africa will have the world’s largest labor force of more than a billion people—more than India or China.But by then, there will also be more than a billion people aged over 65 in the world.人口構(gòu)成正在發(fā)生巨大改變：在逐漸崛起的經(jīng)濟(jì)地區(qū)，青年人口數(shù)量巨大；在先進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體和主要新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體，人口日趨老齡化；參與經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的婦女?dāng)?shù)量與日俱增。到2035年，非洲將擁有世界最大的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，勞動(dòng)人口將超過(guò)10億——多于印度或中國(guó)。但是到那時(shí)，全世界65歲以上人口也將超過(guò)10億。

Economic power is spreading from west to east, and prosperity has begun to move from north to south.Emerging markets and developing economies now account for half of world GDP, up from a quarter in 1964.經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力正由西向東擴(kuò)散，經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮正開(kāi)始從北向南轉(zhuǎn)移。如今，在全世界GDP中，新興市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體已占到一半的比重，而在1964年，其比重僅有四分之一。

The communications and technology innovations are propelling our economies and societies to ever-greater heights.An infinity of interconnections binds us together, opening up a portal of a billion possibilities for every one of us.Today, nearly 3 billion people are connected to the internet—truly a worldwide web.通訊和技術(shù)革新在不斷推升經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展。數(shù)不盡的紐帶將我們聯(lián)結(jié)在一起，為每一個(gè)人開(kāi)啟了一扇通往無(wú)數(shù)可能的大門(mén)。今天，有將近30億人與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相連——這的確是一個(gè)名符其實(shí)的萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)。

In short, the sands of the global economy are shifting.總之，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的流沙正在不斷漂移。

The strength and dynamism of Asia is obvious.This also holds true for other emerging regions.When I was in Brazil earlier this year, for example, I witnessed a female president, Dilma Rousseff, absolutely determined to pursue inclusive growth and push forward her agenda of reducing inequality.We can learn a lot from those regions that had their time of trauma.亞洲呈現(xiàn)了明顯的實(shí)力和活力。這種實(shí)力和活力在其他新興地區(qū)也是同樣存在的。比如，今年早些時(shí)候，我在出訪巴西時(shí)了解到，巴西女總統(tǒng)迪爾瑪?羅塞夫已下 定決心，要實(shí)現(xiàn)包容性增長(zhǎng)，并不斷推進(jìn)減輕不平等方面的日程。我們能從那些經(jīng)歷過(guò)創(chuàng)傷的地區(qū)學(xué)到很多。

Europe too is going through a historical process of integration, however laborious.Yes, the Eurozone is being severely tested, and it must keep pushing ahead with implementing the policy initiatives it has announced.But we should also recognize that deeper banking and fiscal integration, alongside deep-seated structural reforms, will fortify its economic foundations and lay the groundwork for a stronger and more resilient union in the future.歐洲也在經(jīng)歷一體化的歷史進(jìn)程，而這是一個(gè)艱難的過(guò)程。的確，歐元區(qū)正在經(jīng)受?chē)?yán)峻的考驗(yàn)，必須要落實(shí)其宣布的政策倡議，不斷向前推進(jìn)。但我們還應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，銀行業(yè)和財(cái)政一體化程度的加深，再加上深層次的結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，將增強(qiáng)該地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，為在將來(lái)建設(shè)一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大、更有抵御能力的聯(lián)盟鋪平道路。

The Middle East, too, is transforming.And yes, the road ahead will be fraught with difficulty.But with commitment, and with external support, I am confident that the promises of the Arab transformation will shine through as a beacon of hope.When I met with President Morsi of Egypt, he spoke to me of his resolve to pursue ambitious economic reforms underpinned by strong and democratic institutions, and he is delivering.中東地區(qū)也在不斷轉(zhuǎn)變。前進(jìn)的道路確實(shí)會(huì)困難重重。但我相信，只要有了決心，有了外部的支持，阿拉伯國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)型的前景將成為我們的希望之光。在我與埃及總統(tǒng)穆?tīng)栁鲿?huì)晤時(shí)，他向我表達(dá)了堅(jiān)定的決心，即，要在強(qiáng)有力的民主制度的基礎(chǔ)上推進(jìn)目標(biāo)遠(yuǎn)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革。他正在履行這一承諾。

Sub-Saharan Africa is also breaking through—growing strongly and steadily after decades of stagnation.Of course, there is still a long way to go to win the long war against poverty.But old stereotypes are fading fast, with the rise of fast-growing “frontier markets” attracting lots of outside interest.Look at Nigeria, a country I visited earlier this year.This is a country that for many years squandered its inheritance of oil riches, but now is growing impressively—helped by dynamic reforms and strong leadership.撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)也取得了突破性進(jìn)展——在長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾十年的停滯之后，這一地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)勁、穩(wěn)定的增長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)然，要想打贏抗擊貧困的持久戰(zhàn)，還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。但是，舊時(shí)的成見(jiàn)在快速消退，“前沿市場(chǎng)”的崛起和飛速增長(zhǎng)又引來(lái)了大量的外部關(guān)注。我們來(lái)看一下尼日利亞的情況。我曾在今年早些時(shí)候出訪過(guò)該國(guó)。很多年以來(lái)，該國(guó)一直都倚仗著豐富的石油資源，而如今，它正以令人贊嘆的速度不斷增長(zhǎng)——這得益于充滿活力的改革和強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

These changes are shaping our future.這些變化正在塑造我們的未來(lái)。

But there are big challenges as well.We must not get carried away.As you will have seen from our forecasts, the global recovery is still too weak.Job prospects for untold millions are still too scarce.The gap between rich and poor is still too wide.但我們也面臨著重大的挑戰(zhàn)。我們決不能沾沾自喜。正如我們的預(yù)測(cè)所反映的那樣，全球復(fù)蘇仍極為脆弱。幾百萬(wàn)人口的就業(yè)前景仍極為渺茫。貧富差距仍極為懸殊。There is a tough road ahead to turn our optimism into reality.要想將我們的樂(lè)觀期待變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，我們還要經(jīng)歷一段艱辛的旅途。

B.Navigating the Road Ahead B.向前路挺進(jìn)

This brings to me to my second point—how do we successfully navigate that road? How do we manage this change?

由此，我要談?wù)劦诙c(diǎn)——如何才能順利走過(guò)這條道路？我們應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對(duì)這一變化？

I see three milestones: 我認(rèn)為，應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)三個(gè)具有里程碑意義的目標(biāo)：

? Putting the crisis behind us;

??擺脫危機(jī)困境；

? Completing reform of the financial sector;and

??完成金融部門(mén)改革； ?

? Addressing inequality and building inclusive growth.??解決不平等問(wèn)題，實(shí)現(xiàn)包容性增長(zhǎng)。

Putting the crisis behind us 擺脫危機(jī)困境

The first priority, clearly, is to get beyond the crisis and restore growth—especially to end the scourge of unemployment.顯然，我們首要的目標(biāo)就是要擺脫危機(jī)的困擾，恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)——特別是要終結(jié)就業(yè)危機(jī)。

We know the package of policies that can get us there: accommodative monetary policy;the right pace of fiscal adjustment, mindful of not undercutting growth but with solid and realistic plans to bring debt down over the medium term;finishing the banking sector clean-up;and structural reforms to boost productivity and growth.All of this should be complemented by a rebalancing of global demand toward the dynamic emerging markets.我們清楚可以通過(guò)哪些政策來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)：采取寬松的貨幣政策；以適當(dāng)步伐進(jìn)行財(cái)政調(diào)整，同時(shí)注意不妨礙經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，但要通過(guò)堅(jiān)實(shí)的、符合實(shí)際的計(jì)劃在中期內(nèi)降低債務(wù)水平；完成銀行部門(mén)的清理整頓；開(kāi)展旨在促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力和增長(zhǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)性改革。在采取這些政策的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)當(dāng)恢復(fù)全球需求的平衡，使之更多地面向充滿活力的新興市場(chǎng)。

Let us not delude ourselves: without growth, the future of the global economy is in jeopardy.我們決不能自欺欺人：如果沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來(lái)就會(huì)岌岌可危。

Perhaps the greatest roadblock will be the huge legacy of public debt, which now averages almost 110 percent of GDP for the advanced economies—the highest level since World War II.This leaves governments highly exposed to subtle shifts in confidence.It also ties their hands, especially as they seek to build the infrastructure of the 21th century while respecting social promises.The needs of rapidly aging populations will add to these pressures.或許，最大的障礙是遺留下來(lái)的巨額公共債務(wù)，在先進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體，公共債務(wù)平均已接近GDP的110%，這是自二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)的最高水平。在此情況下，市場(chǎng)信心稍有波動(dòng)，政府就會(huì)受到極大的影響。巨額公共債務(wù)也束縛了政府的手腳，特別是當(dāng)它們?cè)噲D建設(shè)21世紀(jì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施并履行社會(huì)承諾之時(shí)。而快速老齡化人口的需求又將加重這些壓力

One lesson is clear from history—reducing public debt is incredibly difficult without growth.High debt, in turn, makes it harder to get growth.我們可以從歷史中得到一個(gè)明確的教訓(xùn)——若無(wú)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，公共債務(wù)的縮減便將極難實(shí)現(xiàn)。而高債務(wù)水平又會(huì)給增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)更多障礙。

The road ahead of us is narrow and long.我們前方的道路是狹窄而漫長(zhǎng)的。

The key now is to move from deliberation to action on the policies we know are needed, and to move together and on all fronts.We are multiple players, but it is a single game—a game of increasing complexity that can be a positive-sum game.當(dāng)前的重點(diǎn)是，要將思考轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾袆?dòng)，真正落實(shí)我們認(rèn)為必要的政策，在所有領(lǐng)域共同采取行動(dòng)。這是一場(chǎng)多方參與、目標(biāo)一致的游戲——一場(chǎng)越來(lái)越復(fù)雜、但各方最終都受益的游戲。

A better financial system 改善金融體系

My second milestone is a better financial system.We know that it is crucial to the modern global economy.第二個(gè)里程碑性的目標(biāo)是要改善金融體系。我們知道，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于當(dāng)代全球經(jīng)濟(jì)而言至關(guān)重要

But we need to move beyond the system that gave us the crisis—a financial sector where some, as the ancient Greeks might say, toyed with hubris and unleashed nemesis.但我們的行動(dòng)需要超越這個(gè)給我們帶來(lái)危機(jī)的體系，按古希臘人的話來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)體系充滿了狂妄自大和肆意的天罰。

Today, despite some progress, the system is not yet much safer than at the time of Lehman.It is still too complex;activities are still too concentrated in large institutions;and the specter of too-important-to fail still haunts the sector.Continuing excesses and scandals show that the culture has not really changed.當(dāng)前，盡管已有些許進(jìn)展，但與雷曼事件時(shí)期相比，這個(gè)體系的安全程度并未顯著增強(qiáng)。體系本身仍過(guò)于復(fù)雜；體系內(nèi)的活動(dòng)仍過(guò)度集中在大型金融機(jī)構(gòu)中；“太重要而不能倒閉”的問(wèn)題仍像幽靈一樣逡巡于整個(gè)金融部門(mén)。持續(xù)不斷的過(guò)度做法和丑聞都在說(shuō)明，我們的金融文化并未真正改變。So, as a matter of urgent priority, we must complete the agenda of financial sector reform: better regulation, better supervision, better resolution of cross-border entities, sensible incentives in financial institutions, and a level playing field for the sector.因此，我們必須將金融部門(mén)改革作為最緊迫的工作，早日完成改革日程：改善管理，改善監(jiān)督，改善跨境實(shí)體的破產(chǎn)解決方式，建立金融機(jī)構(gòu)有效的激勵(lì)機(jī)制，為該部門(mén)創(chuàng)造公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境。

We are making progress, especially on the Basel III agenda for better capital and liquidity buffers.But I fear that we are losing momentum, both on implementing the agreed reforms and on making more progress in areas like derivatives, shadow banking, and too-important-to-fail institutions.我們正在不斷取得進(jìn)展，特別是在有關(guān)加強(qiáng)資本和流動(dòng)性緩沖的“巴塞爾III”日程下的進(jìn)展。但我擔(dān)心，無(wú)論是實(shí)施既定改革，還是就衍生品、影子銀行和“太重要而不能倒閉”機(jī)構(gòu)等問(wèn)題進(jìn)一步探索，這一勢(shì)頭在逐漸減弱。

Many in the industry are concerned about the costs of new regulations.Are these concerns valid? A recent IMF study shows that better regulation will nudge bank lending rates up, but by relatively little.We also found that increasing capital buffers to appropriate levels helps growth, not hurts it.Reforming financial sector taxation can also help reduce excessive risk-taking and leverage.業(yè)內(nèi)很多人士都對(duì)新監(jiān)管規(guī)定成本的問(wèn)題憂心忡忡。這些擔(dān)憂是否必要呢？基金組織近期的一項(xiàng)研究表明，更好的監(jiān)管將推升銀行貸款利率，但幅度相對(duì)較小。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，如將資本緩沖增加到適當(dāng)水平，將有助于增長(zhǎng)，而非遏制增長(zhǎng)。對(duì)金融部門(mén)稅收進(jìn)行的改革也可能有助于減少過(guò)度冒險(xiǎn)和杠桿化做法

The bottom line is that the costs of reform are affordable.The costs of complacency are not.We have been there.只要改革的成本是可負(fù)擔(dān)的，就沒(méi)有超出我們的底線。但自滿帶來(lái)的成本卻遠(yuǎn)非如此。我們?cè)?jīng)有過(guò)那樣的經(jīng)歷。

One further point: the financial system can help ease the transition to more balanced global growth.Right now, emerging Asia accounts for about a third of world savings.Developing local financial markets can redirect more of these savings into emerging Asia’s own backyard—to the people on the edge of prosperity who need it most.另外還要說(shuō)明的一點(diǎn)是，金融體系可能有助于推動(dòng)向更均衡的全球增長(zhǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)變。目前，在世界總儲(chǔ)蓄中，亞洲新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的儲(chǔ)蓄量約占三分之一。通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)本地金融市場(chǎng)，亞洲新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體可以將更多的儲(chǔ)蓄轉(zhuǎn)移到自己的后院，即，轉(zhuǎn)移到那些處于繁榮邊緣、最需要這些資金的人們的手中。

Inequality and inclusive growth 不平等和包容性增長(zhǎng)

This brings me to my third milestone: inequality and the quality of growth in our future world.Really, this is about the human dimension of policymaking.我接下來(lái)要談?wù)劦谌齻€(gè)里程碑性的目標(biāo)，針對(duì)的是未來(lái)世界中的不平等問(wèn)題和增長(zhǎng)的質(zhì)量。事實(shí)上，這與政策制定中人的因素有關(guān)。Growth is essential for the future global economy, but it must be a different kind of growth.A growth that is not simply the fallout from unfettered globalization.A growth that is inclusive.增長(zhǎng)是未來(lái)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)鍵所在，但它必須是另一種形式的增長(zhǎng)。這種增長(zhǎng)并非僅是不受約束的全球化進(jìn)程的結(jié)果。它應(yīng)是包容性的。

Recent IMF research tells us that less inequality is associated with greater macroeconomic stability and more sustainable growth.This has profound policy implications.基金組織的近期研究告訴我們，不平等程度的減輕將帶來(lái)更穩(wěn)定的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和更可持續(xù)的增長(zhǎng)。這里包含著深刻的政策啟示。

It means focusing on efficiency but also keeping equity in mind when setting fiscal policy.It means fairness in sharing the burden of adjustment, and protecting the weak and vulnerable.It means better financial inclusion, so that all have access to credit and financial markets.It means better transparency and governance, so that the doors of opportunity are open to all—and if they close, one knows why.它意味著，在制定財(cái)政政策時(shí)，重點(diǎn)是效率，同時(shí)也要關(guān)注平等問(wèn)題。它意味著，在共擔(dān)財(cái)政調(diào)整負(fù)擔(dān)、保護(hù)脆弱和易受影響群體的過(guò)程中，要注意實(shí)現(xiàn)公平。它意味著，應(yīng)增強(qiáng)金融包容性，以使所有人都可以進(jìn)入信貸和金融市場(chǎng)。它意味著，要加強(qiáng)透明度，完善治理，以確保機(jī)會(huì)的大門(mén)向所有人敞開(kāi)——如果這扇門(mén)關(guān)上了，我們知道是為什么

So again, three points on which our future global economy will turn: getting beyond the crisis, improving the financial system, building a new kind of growth.所以，我想再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)一遍，未來(lái)的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)將有賴于三個(gè)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，即：擺脫危機(jī)困境，改善金融體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)新形式的增長(zhǎng)。

C.The Future IMF—Serving our Members in the New World C.未來(lái)的基金組織——在新世界里服務(wù)于我們的成員國(guó)

What does all of this mean for the future of the IMF? 這些對(duì)于基金組織的未來(lái)意味著什么呢？

Transcending everything I have said so far is the need for greater cooperation.A world that is bound together must be a world that works together—a world that, in the words of the great Indian poet Tagore, “has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls”.在我之前所說(shuō)的一切之上，是對(duì)加強(qiáng)合作的呼吁。一個(gè)緊密相連的世界同時(shí)也須是一個(gè)緊密合作的世界——正如偉大的印度詩(shī)人泰戈?duì)査裕@樣的一個(gè)世界“沒(méi)有被狹隘的國(guó)家圍墻分割開(kāi)來(lái)”。

So while multilateral institutions were important in the past, they are even more important for our future.所以，在過(guò)去曾產(chǎn)生重要影響的多邊機(jī)構(gòu)也將在未來(lái)發(fā)揮更重要的作用。

And the IMF is a premier forum for this kind of global cooperation.而基金組織將成為開(kāi)展此類(lèi)全球合作的一個(gè)重要的論壇。

This crisis has changed us—new approaches, new tools, new relevance.The key contours of the future IMF are emerging—but they are built on our past and what we were mandated to do by our founders.這場(chǎng)危機(jī)改變了我們——新方法、新工具、新經(jīng)驗(yàn)。基金組織的未來(lái)輪廓正逐漸浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)，但是，這建立在以往的成就之上，建立在基金組織創(chuàng)立者向我們賦予的職責(zé)之上。

So what should the Fund look like for the future? 那么，未來(lái)的基金組織是什么樣的呢？

First off: the IMF must always be a trusted adviser.首先：基金組織應(yīng)始終是一個(gè)可信賴的顧問(wèn)。

Advice is sometimes difficult—both giving and receiving!Over the past year, we made a number of big judgment calls—some controversial.The call to recapitalize European banks;the call for a larger European financial firewall;the call for a more balanced approach to fiscal adjustment;the call for urgent attention to the fiscal cliff.These were tough calls, but it is our job to make them—to be an objective, independent arbiter of economic issues, especially during hard times.有時(shí)，無(wú)論是提供建議還是接受建議，都并非易事。過(guò)去一年里，我們提出了很多項(xiàng)事關(guān)重大的要求——某些還引發(fā)了爭(zhēng)議。包括：要求對(duì)歐洲銀行注資；要求擴(kuò)建歐洲金融防火墻；要求以更均衡的方式進(jìn)行財(cái)政調(diào)整；要求對(duì)財(cái)政懸崖問(wèn)題給予迫切關(guān)注。提出這些要求并不容易，但這卻是我們的職責(zé)所在——我們應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)客觀、獨(dú)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題仲裁人，在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期尤為如此。

Now the Fund must push ahead and adapt even more to the shifting realities and priorities of the modern global economy, the world of vast interconnections.So we are focusing more than ever on economic and policy spillovers—how what happens in one country affects others.如今，基金組織須繼續(xù)前行，更好地適應(yīng)當(dāng)今全球經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷變化的現(xiàn)實(shí)和重點(diǎn)，更好地適應(yīng)這個(gè)高度交織的世界。所以，我們將比以往更加注重經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策的溢出效應(yīng)，也就是說(shuō)，一個(gè)國(guó)家的動(dòng)向會(huì)如何影響到其他國(guó)家。

Our new Integrated Surveillance Decision, for example, will help cross-fertilize country-level and global surveillance, shining a light on cross-border effects.Our new External Sector Report sharpens our assessment of policies from a multilateral perspective, including exchange rates.And our new Financial Surveillance Strategy substantially strengthens our focus on a sector that is at the very heart of national and global stability concerns.比如，我們新出臺(tái)的綜合監(jiān)督?jīng)Q定將使國(guó)家層面與全球?qū)用娴谋O(jiān)督彼此促進(jìn)，同時(shí)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注跨境效應(yīng)。我們新一期的《對(duì)外部門(mén)報(bào)告》強(qiáng)化了多邊視角下的政策評(píng)估，包括對(duì)匯率政策的評(píng)估。我們新制定的金融監(jiān)督戰(zhàn)略將極大增強(qiáng)我們對(duì)金融部門(mén)的關(guān)注，凸顯出這一部門(mén)作為國(guó)家和全球穩(wěn)定問(wèn)題之核心的重要地位。

Second: the IMF must have the resources necessary to stand by its membership in this world of interconnections.其次：在這個(gè)緊密相連的世界里，基金組織須擁有必要的資源以向其成員國(guó)提供支持。

So far during the crisis, we have committed $540 billion and disbursed $157 billion in 126 lending programs—57 non-concessional, 69 concessional.We are helping all kinds of countries with all kinds of problems—financing to help adjustment and transition, insurance to prevent contagion and certify good policies.And we are doing so with more flexibility and sensitivity to social conditions—for example, by calling for a longer period of fiscal adjustment in some countries.自危機(jī)爆發(fā)至今，我們已做出5400億美元貸款的承諾，并已向126項(xiàng)貸款計(jì)劃撥付了1570億美元。這些貸款計(jì)劃中，有57項(xiàng)是非優(yōu)惠貸款，69項(xiàng)是優(yōu)惠貸款。我們將幫助不同的國(guó)家解決各類(lèi)不同的問(wèn)題——為調(diào)整和轉(zhuǎn)型提供融資支持，為防范危機(jī)蔓延提供保險(xiǎn)，以及認(rèn)證良好政策等等。面對(duì)復(fù)雜的社會(huì)狀況，我們的行動(dòng)有了更高的靈活度和反應(yīng)度——例如，我們已要求某些國(guó)家延長(zhǎng)財(cái)政調(diào)整時(shí)間。

Your decision earlier this year to boost our resources by $456 billion is a huge vote of confidence in the Fund, bringing our total lending power to over $1 trillion.And recently, using windfall profits from gold sales, you have also come through for the low-income countries—ensuring that we have enough resources in our Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust for concessional lending in the years to come.你們?cè)诮衲暝缧r(shí)候做出了4560億美元的增資決定，這是你們向基金組織投出的一張極有份量的信任票，我們的總貸款能力由此增加到了1萬(wàn)億美元以上。最近，通過(guò)利用黃金出售意外利潤(rùn)，你們又成功地為低收入國(guó)家提供了資金保障——確保我們?cè)谖磥?lái)幾年里有充足的資金提供減貧與增長(zhǎng)信托項(xiàng)下的優(yōu)惠貸款。

Rest assured, your investments will be put to good use—helping to end crises, to prevent crises, to reduce the human costs of crises.請(qǐng)放心，你們的出資必將用于其應(yīng)有的目的——它將有助于終止危機(jī)、防范危機(jī)、減少危機(jī)帶來(lái)的人的成本。

A final but crucial point about the Fund for the future: it must truly reflect global ownership.關(guān)于未來(lái)的基金組織，還有最后一點(diǎn)，但也是極為重要的一點(diǎn)：它必須真正反映出全球共有的性質(zhì)。

We need an IMF that represents the world, looks like the world, and in which the world finds a safe and comfortable home.我們所需要的基金組織應(yīng)該能代表全世界，反映出全世界面貌，并為全世界人民提供安全、舒適的歸宿。

In this context, the reforms agreed in 2010 represent the biggest governance change in our history.As a result: 6 percent in quotas will shift to the dynamic emerging and developing countries, or 9 percent in total since the start of the previous 2006 reform.For the first time, Brazil, China, India, and Russia will all be among our top ten shareholders.For the first time, for any international financial institution, we will have an all-elected Executive Board.因此，在2010年商定的各項(xiàng)改革是我們有史以來(lái)最重要的治理改革。改革的結(jié)果：有活力的新興和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的份額將增加6%，或者說(shuō)，自此前2006年改革啟動(dòng)至今，份額總體增加幅度將達(dá)到9%。巴西、中國(guó)、印度和俄羅斯均首次位居前十大股東之列。我們的執(zhí)董會(huì)成員將全部由選舉產(chǎn)生，這一制度在所有國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)中還是前所未有的。

The good news is that we have made great progress toward this reform.We have reached most of the major milestones—over 75 percent of consents for the quota increase, more than 120 countries for Board reform.Now we must push ahead to get the 85 percent of voting power required to complete the Board reform and the 2010 package.令人欣慰的是，我們已朝著這一改革方向取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)了大部分具有里程碑意義的主要目標(biāo)——超過(guò)75%的成員國(guó)已同意了份額增資，超過(guò)120個(gè)成員國(guó)已同意了執(zhí)董會(huì)改革。如今，我們須進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)這一舉措，為執(zhí)董會(huì)改革和2010 年一攬子改革方案的實(shí)施獲得85%表決權(quán)的同意

We can see the finish line.It is close, and today—here in Tokyo—I am again urging our membership to reach it.我們已經(jīng)能看到終點(diǎn)線了。它就在不遠(yuǎn)處，而今天，站在這里，我要再次敦促各成員國(guó)向著這一終點(diǎn)繼續(xù)奮進(jìn)。

Mr.Chairman, Governors: this is the IMF we have been building, and will continue to build, with your support.It is yours.An IMF for all seasons and all peoples.A servant of the membership, of the world, of the people.主席先生，各位理事：這就是我們?cè)谀銈兊闹С窒屡?gòu)建并將不斷鞏固的基金組織。這是你們的基金組織。一個(gè)陪伴所有人度過(guò)所有不同時(shí)期的基金組織。它將服務(wù)于所有成員國(guó)，服務(wù)于全世界，服務(wù)于全人類(lèi)。

Conclusion: The Spirit of Tokyo—Cooperation 結(jié)論：東京精神——合作精神

As I conclude today, let me thank and pay tribute once again to our Japanese hosts.Japan is truly the champion of multilateralism and global cooperation.It is a friend of the IMF, and we are now celebrating 60 years of partnership.在我結(jié)束今天的講話之前，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我再次向日本主辦方致以誠(chéng)摯的謝意和敬意。日本是當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的多邊主義和全球合作楷模。它是基金組織的朋友，我們雙方的合作關(guān)系如今已走到了第60個(gè)年頭。

Let me express my deep appreciation to the magnificent, world class, staff of the IMF.I have never been more impressed by a group of dedicated professionals who work day and night to support our member countries.同時(shí)也請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向那些能力出眾、素質(zhì)一流的基金組織工作人員表達(dá)深深的謝意。我為這樣一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)人員隊(duì)伍而贊嘆，他們?nèi)找岳^夜、全情投入地工作，為成員國(guó)提供持續(xù)不斷的支持，這使我深受感動(dòng)。

I also wish to thank the Fund’s Executive Directors for all their great guidance and collegiality.And I would like to thank you, the members, for your constant support, for believing in us.我還要感謝基金組織的各位執(zhí)董，感謝他們的正確指導(dǎo)和出色管理。我還要感謝你們，所有成員國(guó)，感謝你們一如既往的支持和信任。

One final reflection: as part of these Meetings, we offered an essay contest for Japanese students to share their thoughts on the IMF and the global economy.We had many wonderful, inspiring, entries.The finalists are with us today.Could they please stand up? 最后，我還想提及一點(diǎn)，作為本屆年會(huì)的一個(gè)相關(guān)活動(dòng)，我們舉辦了一場(chǎng)日本學(xué)生作文比賽，請(qǐng)學(xué)生們就基金組織和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)話題各抒己見(jiàn)。我們收集到了很多文思精妙、頗具啟發(fā)性的文章。最終進(jìn)入決賽的選手今天也來(lái)到了這里。可否站起來(lái)讓大家認(rèn)識(shí)一下？

One essay in particular stuck in my mind.It was written by a young woman named Nao Yonemoto.有一篇文章給我的印象最為深刻。它的作者是一位名叫米本奈緒的女學(xué)生。

Nao talked about a famous incident in Japanese history, when two warlords—Shingen Takeda and Kenshin Uesugi—were fighting for supremacy.When one warlord found out that the other was short of salt—an especially valuable commodity in those days—he sent him some from his own personal supply.奈緒提到了日本歷史上一個(gè)著名的事件，兩位名將——武田信玄與上杉謙信——為了權(quán)力地位發(fā)生爭(zhēng)斗。在那個(gè)年代，鹽是一種價(jià)值極高的商品，當(dāng)其中一人發(fā)現(xiàn)他的對(duì)手沒(méi)有了食鹽供應(yīng)時(shí)，就從自己的供給中取出一部分送給了他。

And so we have the great Japanese proverb: “give salt to your opponent”.In other words, be generous to those in need, even if they are different from you, or not on your team.The message? Helping each other in difficult times is the only way forward.由此，就有了這樣一句日本諺語(yǔ)：“送鹽予敵”。也就是說(shuō)，要對(duì)那些需要幫助的人慷慨相助，即使他們與你格格不入，甚或與你為敵。這說(shuō)明了什么呢？在困境中，只有彼此扶持，才能不斷前行。

Mr.Chairman, Governors: the spirit of cooperation is the only way forward.I saw that spirit in Sendai the other day.I saw it as I traveled throughout our member countries over the past year.I see it again on your faces this morning.主席先生，各位理事：合作精神是推動(dòng)我們向前的唯一動(dòng)力。不久前，我在仙臺(tái)看到了這種精神。過(guò)去一年里，當(dāng)我走訪各成員國(guó)時(shí)，也看到了這種精神。今天在這里，我從你們的神情中又再次看到了這種精神。

It is the spirit of our Meetings.May you travel back with it when you go home.這就是我們的會(huì)議所秉持的精神。希望大家把這種精神帶回去。

Thank you.謝謝。

第五篇：國(guó)際婦女節(jié)致辭

United Nations

Nations Unies 秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)

國(guó)際婦女節(jié)致辭

“權(quán)利平等，機(jī)會(huì)均等：共享進(jìn)步”

2010年3月8日

聯(lián)合國(guó)的全球使命是人人享有平等權(quán)利和尊嚴(yán)，實(shí)現(xiàn)男女平等和賦予婦女權(quán)力是這一使命的根本。正如創(chuàng)建聯(lián)合國(guó)的《憲章》以及《世界人權(quán)宣言》所昭示，此事涉及基本人權(quán)，也是聯(lián)合國(guó)的本質(zhì)特征之一。

婦女和女孩享受平等也是一個(gè)必不可少的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)要素。除非婦女和女孩擺脫貧窮和不公，否則，我們的所有目標(biāo)——和平、安全、可持續(xù)發(fā)展——都會(huì)受到損害。

15年前，在第四次婦女問(wèn)題世界會(huì)議上，各國(guó)政府承諾為造福世界各地所有婦女而推進(jìn)平等、發(fā)展與和平。具有標(biāo)志性的《北京宣言》產(chǎn)生了廣泛而深刻的影響，為制定政策提供了指南，也為制定新的國(guó)家法律提供了動(dòng)力，同時(shí)還向世界各地的婦女和女孩發(fā)出了一個(gè)明確的信息：平等和機(jī)會(huì)是她們不可剝奪的權(quán)利。

關(guān)于所取得進(jìn)展的實(shí)例有許許多多，這主要仰仗民間社會(huì)組織的堅(jiān)定努力。現(xiàn)在，多數(shù)女孩可以接受教育，尤其是初等教育，更多的婦女更有可能經(jīng)營(yíng)生意或擔(dān)任公職。越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家出臺(tái)了支持性健康和生殖健康、促進(jìn)男女平等的法律。

盡管如此，仍有大量工作要做。孕婦死亡率仍然高居不下，令人無(wú)法接受；可獲得計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)的婦女仍然寥寥無(wú)幾；暴力侵害婦女行為仍遍及全球，令人蒙羞。尤其是，沖突期間的性暴力行為非常普遍。去年，安全理事會(huì)就這一問(wèn)題通過(guò)了兩項(xiàng)強(qiáng)有力的決議，另外，我剛剛?cè)蚊晃惶貏e代表，負(fù)責(zé)動(dòng)員國(guó)際社會(huì)打擊這些犯罪行為。我提出的“聯(lián)合起來(lái)制止暴力侵害婦女行為”的運(yùn)動(dòng)和最近發(fā)起的“男性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人網(wǎng)絡(luò)”是為了加強(qiáng)全球宣傳工作。

過(guò)去15年給我們的一項(xiàng)重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)是：解決更為廣泛的歧視和不公行為至關(guān)重要。關(guān)于性別的陳規(guī)觀念和性別歧視在各文化和族群之中仍普遍存在。早婚和逼婚、所謂的‘名譽(yù)殺人’、性暴力及販運(yùn)年輕婦女和女孩的行為盛行不止，在某些地區(qū)甚至有增無(wú)減，令人不安。不論是透過(guò)貧窮的鏡片，還是在災(zāi)難時(shí)期，我們都看到婦女承受的負(fù)擔(dān)最重。

還有一項(xiàng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是聯(lián)合國(guó)必須以身作則。我們強(qiáng)調(diào)婦女是實(shí)現(xiàn)和平與安全的核心力量，正設(shè)法在維和行動(dòng)中部署更多的女軍人和女警官。在聯(lián)合國(guó)擔(dān)任高級(jí)崗位的女性達(dá)到歷史最高水平，我們希望不久會(huì)在聯(lián)合國(guó)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)建立一個(gè)充滿活力的綜合性實(shí)體，為促進(jìn)男女平等和賦予婦女權(quán)力擬訂更加協(xié)調(diào)一致的方案，發(fā)出更強(qiáng)有力的聲音。我敦促大會(huì)毫不拖延地創(chuàng)建這一新的實(shí)體。

《北京宣言》自通過(guò)以來(lái)重要性持久不衰。千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)的第三項(xiàng)目標(biāo)——實(shí)現(xiàn)男女平等并賦予婦女權(quán)力——是其他各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)的核心之所在。如果婦女被剝奪了自我完善和完善社會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)，則人人皆輸。值此國(guó)際婦女節(jié)之際，讓我們認(rèn)真審視過(guò)去15年所取得的成就，發(fā)揚(yáng)成績(jī)，改正不足。讓我們繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定信心，努力建設(shè)一個(gè)人人權(quán)利平等、機(jī)會(huì)均等并共享進(jìn)步的美好未來(lái)！