第一篇：新標準大學英語視聽說教程4 unittest 答案

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第二篇：新標準大學英語視聽說教程4答案Book 4Unit 10

Book 4Unit 10

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But sister cities' bonding is more than business.And the cooperation can cross all kinds of fields The areas of cooperation include politics, economy and trade, culture, education, environmental protection and city construction

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There is accumulating evidence that we need vitamin D to help fight infections, as well as improve bone health

（兩篇being都有，終于結束了！！）

（97）

第三篇：新標準大學英語_視聽說教程3原文及翻譯

Unit 1 Inside View Conversation 1 Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li.I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England.But I’m not in Oxford right now.And I haven’t gone back home to China either.It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer.I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities.I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus.I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city.So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London.This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter.And what’s my job? Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day.But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him.So can you tell me something about London, Andy? Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world..Joe: Except for New York!Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh!Joe: And your point is…? Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York… Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much.It’s a fact.Andy: A fact!Are you serious? Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world.Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself… Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………

珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。我目前還是一位英國牛津大學的學生，但我現在不在牛津，也還沒有回中國的家。現在在放長假，而且不管你信不信，現在是夏天的中期。我現在正在世界上最棒的城市之一里度過我的夏天。我在倫敦，它是英國國會大廈、大本鐘、塔橋…和雙層巴士的故鄉。我想知道住在如此熱鬧和生氣勃勃的城市里是什么感覺。所以，我現在在為倫敦下班網效勞。它是一個報道倫敦時事的網站。這是喬，他是我的老板，而他是安迪，一位記者。我的工作是什么呢？這個我也不知道，因為今天是我的第一天，但我會注定跟隨著安迪。喔，我的意思是，我將會協助他。那么安迪，你能告訴我一些關于倫敦的事情嗎？ 安 迪： 倫敦是世界上最棒的城市。喬 ： 除了紐約以外！安 迪： 紐約？別逗我笑了！喬 ： 那你的觀點是… ? 安 迪： 注意，如果你真的需要我的觀點，倫敦確實比紐約棒… 喬 ： 不，我不需要你的觀點，非常感謝！這是事實！安 迪： 事實！你是當真的嗎？

珍妮特：我們現在在倫敦，或許是世界上最棒的城市。安 迪： 什么？或許？對不起，我寧可自己處理這個…

喬 ： 啊，安迪，繼續做你的美夢吧...Conversation 2 Janet：So when did you start working at London Time Off?

Andy: About a year ago.Janet: And I hope you don’t mind my asking ,but do you like working here? Andy: Yes, I love it.I mean, Joe and I get along quite well.He drives me crazy sometimes, because he’s my boss, and I wish I earned a bit more money, but…I think my job is really cool, because I get to see everything that’s happening in London.And I didn’t want to join the rat race.Janet: What do you mean by the rat race? Andy: You know, doing the same thing day in day out, and not doing anything creative, or having any time to enjoy life.It’s the last thing I want to do.Janet: So do you mind telling me what you do exactly? Andy: Basically, we check out new events on the London music scene, you know, new clubs, the latest plays and films, as well as exhibitions in galleries and museums.Then we go and film interviews with the musicians or the actors, or anyone who has anything to do with the event.Janet: Ok, then what happens? Andy: We edit the interviews, and then we upload it all onto the website.We get 200,000 hits a week.We’re London’s biggest listings site.Janet: Can I ask you something else? Andy: Fire away.Janet: What are we going to do now? Andy: I need to go back to my flat, and get my research.Then we’ve got an interview to do.Let’s get the tube back to my place.Janet: And what about Joe? Andy: Well, he’s supposed to be on his way to the National Theatre, to do an interview with the director of a new play.But I kind of hope he gets lost on the way.Then he’ll discover what a great place London is.Janet: I don’t understand.Andy: I’m joking!Come on, let’s go!

珍妮特：那么你是什么開始在倫敦下班網上班的呢？ 安 迪： 大約一年前。

珍妮特：我希望你不要介意我的發問，你喜歡在這里工作嗎？

安 迪： 是，我非常喜歡。我的意思是，喬跟我相處得挺好的。雖然有時我快被他搞瘋了，因為他是我的老板，而且我又希望能多賺點錢，但…我認為我的工作是十分有趣的，因為我能夠看到倫敦正在發生的事情。再說，我不愿意自己處在商業中無意義的競爭里。珍妮特：你說的商業中無意義的競爭是什么意思？

安 迪： 你知道，日復一日地做著同樣的事情并且不做任何有創意的事或擁有任何可以享受生活的時間。這是我最不想做的事情。

珍妮特：那你介意告訴我你具體都做些什么嗎？

安 迪： 基本上，除了新的俱樂部、最新的戲劇和電影，還有美術館和博物館里的展覽，你知道，我們會關注倫敦樂壇的新動向。然后，我們去采訪音樂家或演員或任何與此事件有關的人并將此采訪的內容錄下來。

珍妮特：好的，那接下來呢？

安 迪： 我們編輯這些采訪然后將它們全部都上傳到網站上。我們一周就取得了二十萬個網路點擊數。我們是倫敦最大的數據站點。珍妮特：我能問你其他事情嗎？ 安 迪： 盡管問吧。

珍妮特：我們現在要做什么？

安 迪： 我需要回到我的公寓去拿我的研究調查。然后，我們得去做個采訪。讓我們乘地鐵到我家去吧。珍妮特：那喬怎么辦？

安 迪： 他現在應該在去國家劇院的路上。他要去給一位新戲劇的導演做個采訪。但我有點兒希望他在途中迷路。然后，他將會發現倫敦是多么棒的一個地方。珍妮特：我不明白。

安 迪： 我是在開玩笑！快點，我們走吧！

Outside view Happiness is not what most students have in mind when they think of school.Yet a school in Germany has developed a novel way to raise the morale of its students, by teaching happiness in classes.Students at Heidelberg’s Willy Hellpach School of Economics are learning how to achieve happiness as an official subject, alongside mathematics and languages.This is the first school in Germany to develop a happiness course, intended for 17-to 19-year-olds preparing for university entrance exams.Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school’s principal, is on a mission to change things.Ernst Fritz-Schubert: It was my idea-I’ve been at this school for 31 years, and I feel that school and happiness have to be reunited.These are two terms which are not considered together, because one does not connect school with happiness.In some cases school comes behind the dentists on the popularity scale and we should try to push schools’ popularity a bit.It has been proved by science that a happy student can learn more than an unhappy one, Unhappy students can concentrate for a while but do not use all their potential.The happiness classes are intended to help students fulfill their potential.They will help the students live happy and prosperous lives.The classes aim to help students in achieving a positive state of mind, by using all their own resources and boosting their self-esteem.In addition, they hope classes will increase self-awareness and physical comfort.Happiness classes are also intended to make students more aware about their environment and society as a whole.During classes students are encouraged to express themselves and observe their peers’ behavior.The classes are taught by Bjoern Bonn, an actor and visiting lecturer.Bjoern Bonn: One of the exercises I do is to have one of the students walk across the classroom, with the others copying his walk.Through this exercise, I hope they learn something about themselves.Why do I move like this? How do others see my way of walking? I hope that with a higher body awareness they ideally –of course it will take time-achieve a higher self-consciousness which could lead to happiness.Wolfgang Lang: We give these classes to students to help them find happiness.Now the question is: How do I define happiness? Happiness is for example a strengthening of the personality.We are providing helpful suggestions to make stronger people.People that ask?Who am I as a person? Am I really happy??

Pascal Gemble: It takes time and everybody has to find happiness for themselves.You cannot go into a coaching lesson and say teach me happiness.One can only get indications from teachers or the visiting lecturers.There are also happiness scientists, if we could talk to one of those, I am sure he would have some hints.Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya: You would think that the teachers are writing definitions on the board.Not true.Those who want happiness have to find it for themselves, you cannot really learn that.So what does it take to be happy and can you learn it at school?

當學生想起學校，快樂不是多數人想到的。目前，德國一所學校已經創造了一種新穎的通過在課堂上教授快樂的方法來提升其學生們的精神面貌。Heidelberg ‘s Willy Hellpach School of Economics 正在研究怎樣將快樂實現為與數學和語言一樣的官方課程。這是德國第一家開設快樂課程的學校，意欲為17至19歲的學生作高考的準備。

Ernst Fritz-Schubert,學校的校長，肩負著變革的使命。

Ernst Fritz-Schubert：?這是我的想法—我已經在這所學校呆了31年，我認為學校和快樂必須被重組，這是不被認為該在一起的兩部分，因為學生不把學校與快樂聯系起來。在某些情況下，學校在受歡迎程度上落后于牙醫，我們應該努力推動學校的受歡迎度。

科學已經證明一個快樂的學生能比一個不快樂的學生學到更多。不快樂的學生能在一段時間內集中注意力，但不能發揮他們所有的潛力，這些快樂課程致力于幫助學生發揮他們的潛能，能幫學生生活在快樂繁榮的生活中。?

這種課程旨在幫助學生們通過用他們自己的特長和激勵他們的自尊來達到思想的積極狀態。另外，他們希望課程會增加自覺意識和身體素質，快樂課程還致力于讓學生意識到環境與社會是作為一個整體存在。課堂期間學生被鼓勵表達自我和關注同伴的行為，課程由演員和客座講師 Bjoern Bonn講授。Bjoern Bonn：?我做的其中一個練習是讓學生走過教室，其他學生模仿他的步伐。通過這個練習，我希望他們從自己身上學得一些東西‘為什么我像這樣行動？其他人怎樣評價我走路的方式？’我希望伴隨著更高的身體意識他們原則上——當然這需要時間——實現更高的抵達快樂的自我意識。? Wolfgang Lang：?我們為學生們開設這些課程來幫助他們找尋快樂，現在問題是：我該如何給快樂下定義？比如快樂是個性的加強。我們正提供有幫助的建議來使學生更強健，學生會問：我是一個怎樣的人？我真的高興嗎？?

Pascal Gembe：?這需要花時間，每個人必須為自己找尋快樂，你不可能去一個訓練課說：‘教給我快樂’。一個學生只能從教師或客座講師那得到暗示，另外也有研究快樂的科學家，如果我們能與他們之一交流，我確信他能給一些暗示。?

Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya：?你會認為老師在黑板上寫下快樂的定義，那不正確。哪些想得到快樂的學生必須為他們自己尋找，你不能真正通過學習得到。?

既然如此，得到快樂的代價是什么？你能在學校學到它嗎？

Listening in Passage one Interviewer: Can you tell me…how do you think you have changed as you have matured?What things have had a major influence on you? Speaker 1 : Well, let me think…I suppose going to university had a big impact on my life.It made me much more open-minded.I met so many different types of people there with weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the way I see the world.I’m much more tolerant now… It made me a more rounded person.Interviewer: Great, and had any particular person had a central role in forming your character? Speaker 1: I guess that’d have to be my grandfather.I was very close to him, and he taught me to stand up for my beliefs.He was always telling me about this… Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life? Speaker 2: I think that traveling my gap year made me grow up and see both the beauty of the world and, well…just the generosity of ordinary people.I traveled a lot around Asia and you know, I found that in some of the poorest countries, like Cambodia and Laos, people share whatever little they have, and they possess a real joy for life.It’s probably made me a less selfish person.Interviewer: Interesting…so you would recommend that young people take a gap year to discover themselves and the world? Speaker 2: Definitely.It gives you an opportunity o learn about the world beyond the one you grew up in and I found it really…

Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life have had the greatest influence in forming your personality? Speaker 3: Well…a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young people all lived in a house together.Each week some one was voted off by the audience.I got down to the final three!I suppose being on the show and seeing how the other contestants behaved made me realize how selfish and spiteful some people can be just to get what they want.I also realized it’s best to just be yourself in life.If you pretend to be someone different people will eventually see through the lies.Interviewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off? Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you.But you know, a slight regret that I didn’t win because I kind of…

Interviewer: So you can tell me, what one thing do you think that has had the biggest impact on your life? Speaker 4: Hmm, that’s a difficult question.But I think helping victims of the tsunami in 2004 had a very great impact on me.I’m half Thai and I’d just arrived in Thailand for a family Christmas holiday.When I heard the news I knew I had to help-you couldn’t not.I ended up acting as an interpreter for a group of volunteer doctors.It was an incredibly difficult time but you know, even in the middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still a huge amount of genuine human kindness.Interviewer: That’s amazing!And has it changed the way you view your future…

采訪者 你能不能告訴我…你認為在你漸漸成熟的過程中產生了怎樣的變化呢？什么事情對你產生了主要的影響？

發言人1 嗯，讓我想想… 我認為上大學對我的生活產生了重大的影響。大學生活讓我的思想更加開明。我在那遇到了太多不同類型的人，他們有著奇特而又令人稱贊的想法。這讓我改變了我看世界的方式。我現在寬容多了… 上大學讓我成為了一個更加全面的人。

采訪者 太棒了…那有沒有一些特殊的人在你的性格塑造上產生主要影響呢？

受訪者1 我覺得這個人應該是我的祖父。我和他非常親近，是他教會了我要堅持自己的信仰。他總是這么和我說…

采訪者 那什么人或事對你的生活產生了重要的影響呢？

受訪者2 我認為在我的空檔年旅行讓我逐漸成長，讓我同時看見了世界的美麗和…單單是普通人的慷慨。我去亞洲游玩了很多地方，你知道的，我發現在一些最貧困的國家，像柬埔寨和老撾，人們會分享

他們所擁有的一切，無論多少。因此他們擁有對生活最真的快樂。這很可能讓我成為一個不那么自私的人。

采訪者：很有趣。所以你建議年輕人在大學前的那一年里去發現自己和整個世界么？

受訪者2:：當然了，它能夠給你一個機會去了解你生活環境之外的世界，而且我覺得它很…… 采訪者：你介意告訴我，在你的生活中，什么事情對你的人格的形成起了最重要的影響么？

受訪者3：恩，幾年前，我參加一個電視真人秀的時候，年輕人都住在同一個房子里。每一個星期，都會有人根據觀眾的投票而離開。我堅持到了最后三名！我想通過參加這次活動，以及觀察其他參賽者的行為，讓我認識到了一個人為了達到他的目的，可以多么的自私與居心叵測。同時我也認識到了在生活中，最好做自己。如果你試圖去做其他不同于自己的人，別人最終會看穿這個謊言。采訪者：那么，當你最后被投票要離開的時候，你是什么感覺？

受訪者3：說實話，我感覺如釋重負。但是你知道，還會有一點兒遺憾，我有些…… 采訪者：那么你可以告訴我，在你的生活中，什么事情對你起到了最大的影響么？

受訪者4：恩，這是個很難回答的問題。但是我想在2004年的時候幫助海嘯受難者給我了巨大的影響。我有一半的泰國血統，那時我剛剛到達泰國去參加家庭的圣誕聚會。當我聽到這個消息的時候，我知道我必須去幫助他們——你不可能什么都不做。我最終成為一名醫生小組的口譯員。那是一個十分艱難的時期，但是你知道，即使是在這樣巨大的災難之中，仍然會有很多人性的善良。采訪者：真的很震驚！那么它改變了你對未來的想法么？

Passage two Tony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counselor at Manchester University.She gives advice to school students on choosing the right subject to study at university.Joan, welcome to the show.Joan: Thanks Tony.Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It’s a huge, potentially life-changing decision, isn’t it?

Joan: Yes.I generally give students advice in two areas.Firstly, know yourself, and secondly, think to the future.Tony: When you say ?know yourself? what do you mean?

Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality traits and the things you like.Tony: I see…So how can our listeners do this?

Joan: Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far.For example, what subjects are you good at? Are you an organized and self-disciplined person? Are you confident and outgoing? Do you like working with others in a team or do you prefer working alone? These kinds of questions will help you discover more about yourself.Tony: Sounds like good advice.How about your second point regarding the future? Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to have a significant impact on your future career so it’s important to look into this carefully.I recommend you check not only which academic subjects will help you get into a particular area of work, but also look carefully at what universities offer.Each university has its strengths so try to choose one that is the best in your chosen field.Find out what links the department has to related industries and leading companies in it.Tony: Good point.Now I’d like to take some calls from our listeners.First up we have James on the line.Hi, James!How can we help?

James: Hi.I’m interested in career in IT and I’d like to ask Joan whether she thinks it’s better to go to a highly respected university, like Oxford, or to study somewhere that has more of a vocational focus? Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and how you see your future.Basically a handful of the brightest graduates are picked from the top universities around the world to join the leading IT companies.So I’d say if you’re a high-flyer then this is the route that might be for you.But if you are looking for a more mainstream career then you should consider a course that helps you acquire practical, transferable skills that you can use in the workplace…and look at which universities have the best levels of graduate recruitment for the kind of job you are aiming for.James: I see!Thanks a lot.That really helps me out…

Tony：今天我們生活選擇欄目的嘉賓是曼徹斯特大學的學校顧問喬恩·羅賓遜。她將會給學生們一些在大學里如何去選擇正確的學科的建議。喬恩,歡迎來到我們的節目。Joan: 謝謝，托尼。

Tony：那么喬恩，我們的聽眾在選擇課程時需要考慮些什么？這是一個重大的，可能改變生活的選擇，對嗎？

Joan：是的。我一般給學生們兩個方面的建議。第一，要了解自己；第二，要對未來持有看法。Tony：你說的?了解自己?，具體是什么意思？

Joan：基本上，我的意思是要評價自己的優缺點、性格特征和興趣。Tony：明白。那么我們的聽眾要怎么做到這一點呢？

Joan：目前，要從自我反思開始。例如，你擅長哪一科？你是不是一個有條理的，能自律的人？你是不是自信的，開朗的？你喜歡在一個團隊中與別人合作還是孤軍奮戰？這些問題能幫助你更多地了解自己。

Tony：聽起來就是個好建議。那你的第二個關于未來的建議呢？

Joan：你選擇的主修課程很有可能對你以后的工作有重大的影響，所以，仔細地對專業進行調查是很重要的。我要求的不僅僅是調查哪一個專業能讓你找到好工作，而且要仔細地查閱一下學校提供的資源。每一所大學都有自己的特色，所以要試著選擇在你選擇范圍內的最好的一所。并且要找到那一所大學與相關工廠和首席公司之間的關系。

Tony：好主意。現在我們進入到聽眾熱線的環節。第一個連接上的聽眾是詹姆斯。詹姆斯你好！我們有什么能幫助你的？

James：你好。我對IT行業很感興趣，我想問一下喬恩，她認為進入一所受到尊重的學校，例如牛津大學好，還是選擇一所更加注重技術實踐的學校好？

Joan：很好，詹姆斯，你知道這完全決定于你想要從大學里得到什么還有你對未來的看法。基本上，大把的精英都是從世界頂尖高校中被挑選出來進入到領先世界的IT公司工作。我想說，如果你是一個有野心的人，這可能是一條屬于你的路。但是，如果你正在尋找主流行業，那么你應該考慮一門能幫助你鍛煉在工作中有用處的實踐能力與可傳遞能力的課程，和比較一下在哪一間大學里，你的目標專業的就業率最高。

James：明白了！非常感謝，這些建議真的讓我豁然開朗。

Unit 2 Inside view Conversion 1 Janet Hey, look at that!It’s just like I’ve seen it in the films!Andy Welcome to London, my hometown.We are in Shoutwark, south of the river.there’s London bridge off to your left, and there’s Tower Bridge.Janet I’m really impressed.How old is it? Andy It’s only about 120 years old.Janet well, that’s quite old.Andy the London Docks used to be around this area.What happened was that about three or four times a day, they raised Tower Bridge, so the bigger ships could come right into London.But because they couldn’t go under London bridge, they had to stop and unload here.Janet Does Tower Bridge still open? Andy well, not so often.When I was a kid, I think I saw tower bridge go up fairy often, all the traffic had to wait for the ships to pass through the bridge.Anyway, just this side of London bridge were lots of warehouses, where they kept their cargo.But during the second world war, there was lots of bombing over London… Janet yes, I read about that…the Blitz? Andy that’s right.And even when I was a kid, I remember that many of the buildings were still damaged.But in the late 1980s and 90s, this whole area was redeveloped, you can see for yourself, it’s a trendy place to live now.Janet is the river thames still polluted? Andy well, it certainly used to be polluted.I remember it had a very distinctive smell, if you fell in, they used to take you to hospital.Janet that’s sounds revolting!Andy yes, but in the 1960s, they cleaned it up, and in fact it’s now one of the cleanest city rivers in the world.翻譯：

珍妮特 嘿，看那！和我在電影里看到的一樣啊！

安迪 歡迎來到我的故鄉倫敦。我們現在是在河的南邊---southwark,在你的左邊是倫敦大橋，那邊是

倫敦塔橋。

珍妮特 真讓人嘆為觀止啊！他有多長的歷史了? 安迪 只有大概120年吧。珍妮特 已經很久了。

安迪 輪的碼頭以前就在這附近，他們以前每天都會吧塔橋升起來三四次，以便讓大船進入倫敦，但船又不能通過倫敦大橋，所以只能在這停下來下貨了。珍妮特 塔橋現在還會開放嗎？

安迪 嗯，偶爾吧。我小的時候經常看到塔橋升起來，當時所有的車都會停下來等橋下的船通過。倫敦橋這邊還有許多他們用來存放貨物的倉庫，但倫敦在二戰期間遭到了許多轟炸。珍妮特 是的，我在書上看到過，德國空襲，對吧？

安迪 沒錯，甚至在我小的時候，還有許多遺留下來的被毀建筑，但在80年代后期到90年代，這邊整個區域都重建了。你看，現在這已經是一個很時髦的居住地了！珍妮特 泰晤士河現在還是污染的嗎？

安迪 以前是，記得以前這有股很特別的味道，你一旦掉下去，就會被送去醫院。珍妮特 聽起來有點惡心。

安迪 是的，但60年代已經被清理干凈了，實際上它現在已經是世界上最干凈的河流之一了。

Conversion 2 Janet It is very different from the parts of London I know.Andy The thing about Southwark is that it’s a typical suburb of London, full of old buildings and shops.And this is where I grew up.I used to live in that building there.Janet It’s amazing.It looks very old.Andy Yes, it’s about 80 years old Janet And where did you go to school? Andy Let me see.Yes , it was about a mile away from here.From about the age of eight, I used to go by bike.We all made our way to school on our own, meeting up with friends along the way until there was a large gang of us kids as we got closer to school.These days parents are much more protective and take their kids to school by car.It’s safer, but it’s not as much fun.Anyway …where was I? Janet You were telling me about your schooldays.Andy That’s right.Anyway, I stayed at school until I was 16,and then I went to a college of further education, and did my A levels.And after that, I decided to go to university.Janet Your parents must have been proud of you.Andy Yes, I think so.I was the first person in my family to go to uni.Janet That’s fascinating.Andy And what about you? Janet Oh, it was a typical childhood in Anshan, nothing much to tell.Andy But I have no idea what a typical childhood is like in China.Janet OK, I will tell you.Let me think…

Andy Oh, hang on!Do you mind waiting here for a minute? Let me go up to my flat and get my research, and then you can tell me about it while we’re on our way back to the studio.Janet OK Andy Back in a minute…

珍妮特 這和我看到的倫敦的其他地方很不一樣啊。

安迪 守特瓦是一個很典型的倫敦郊區，這有許多古老的建筑和商場。這是我長大的地方，我以前就住在那棟樓里。

珍妮特 哇！看起來很古老。安迪 是的，有大概80年了吧。珍妮特 對了，你去哪上學的？

安迪 讓我想想… 對了，離這大概一里遠。八歲起我就開始騎車上學，我們都是自己去的。一路上我們會碰到很多同學，到學校的時候已經是一大幫人了。而現在的父母過度的保護自己的孩子，每天送他們上學，這當然安全些，不過沒有趣。而且……我說道哪了？ 珍妮特 你在講你的學生時代。

安迪 對了，而且我在學校呆到16歲后又進了進修學校，并且參加了大學入學考試。后來我又決定上大學了。

珍妮特 你父母一定為你感到驕傲吧！

安迪 我想是吧，在家里我是第一個上大學的。珍妮特 你太棒了。安迪 你呢？你怎么樣？

珍妮特 噢，那是在鞍山一個很典型的童年，沒什么太多可講。安迪 但還不知道在中國典型的童年是什么樣的啊！珍妮特 好吧，我來告訴你，讓我想想……

安迪 噢，你先停下，在這等我一下好嗎？我先回宿舍拿下調研資料，然后在回錄音室的路上你再慢慢講給我聽。珍妮特 好吧。安迪 我馬上回來。

Outside view HELP THE CHILDREN Around the world,many children are living in poverty.Many children live in countries where there's war.Many children do not get enough to eat.Some of these children are suffering from malnutrition.Many children in the world can’t go to school.One agency that is helping these children is UNICEF.UNICEF means the United Nations Children's Fund.UNICEF has more than seven thousand people working and one hundred and fifty_seven countries around the world to help children.One country where they are doing a great deal of work is Afghanistan.A whole generation of children in Afghanistan has never known peace,until recently.Now UNICEF is bringing food for malnourished children.They're bringing medicine.Here A medical team travels on horseback to bring medicine to a remote mountain village.And UNICEF is helping the children get an education.“During the time of Taliban ,we have made a survey among 40000 kids.And ,they all say that the first thing they want is peace,and the second thing that they want is ,was education.”The Taliban destroyed almost 2000 schools.Under the Taliban ,girls weren't allowed to attend school at all.“Well,over 50 percent of the school has been destroyed completely,in the rest of the 50 percent schools which,eh,eh,needs repair.We are trying to accommodate all the children in the schools.”Some of these schools are in people's home.This is a home school in Kabul.The teacher,Habiba Kilwati,has been running the school for 12 years.She supervises 26 other schools like it.“We want to learn,so wo can become teachers,doctors,or engineers,and be like normal students.”It was dangerous

for children to go to school.Under the Taliban,police punished families whose children went to school.Today,children are happy to be in school.“This morning I had some tea and an egg,and came to school.I have notebooks ,pencils,erasers,and friends,and fun here.?UNICEF is helping rebuild the educational system in Afghanistan in many ways.UNICEF is helping to train teachers.They're rebuilding schools,they're printing textbooks,and delivering books and other supplies to schools.This girls school was closed under the Taliban.Now,it's opening again.It has room for 960 students.These girls are happy to be back to school.”I'm very disappointed and sad that I wasted six years.There was no education then.I tried to study then with my parents,but it's not the same.It wasn't so bad,but now I'm much happier because the schools are reopening.“"We plan to open the schools,and get these children enrolled,and back in school,and to give them back their education so they can read and write.”“When the Taliban came to power and closed the schools,girls stayed at home.Now there's an oppotunity for them to continue their education.We are very happy about this.We can be proud of our girls,our young people.They can go back to school.UNICEF is working on its mission to bring food,medinine and education to the children of Afganistan.In the process,they're also bringing hope.幫助兒童

當今世界，很多兒童生活在貧困中。他們生存在充滿戰爭的國家。很多孩子食不果腹。他們中的一些人甚至營養不良。他們不能上學。UNICEF是一個幫助這些孩子們的組織，是各個國家聯合幫助兒童的機構。現有700人在這里工作，157個國家聯合幫助這些兒童。其中需要做最多工作的國家是阿富汗。這里的孩子們甚至從不了解和平，直到不久前。現在UNICEF為營養不良的兒童們帶來了食物和藥。醫療隊騎馬為遙遠山村里的人們送去藥物。并且，他們還幫助孩子們重獲教育。?在塔利班時期，我們在40000孩子中做了調查。他們都說最渴望的事情是和平，然后是教育。?塔利班摧毀了將近2000個校園。在這形式下，女孩們根本不允許上學。?多于一半的學校被完全摧毀，另一半的，則需要重修。我們正努力使孩子們都能上學。?一些學校設在人們家里。這是一個在喀布爾的家庭學校。這位教師Habiba Kilwati，已經管理這家學校12年了。她像這樣同時主管其他26所學校。?我們想學習，這樣我們可以成為教師，醫生，或者工程師，就像其他正常的學生一樣。?孩子們上學其實是很危險的。在塔利班控制下，警方會懲罰那些有孩子上學的家庭。現在，孩子們因為能上學而高興。

?今天早上我喝了一些茶吃了一個雞蛋，然后來上學。我有筆記本，鉛筆，橡皮和伙伴們，而且還有快樂！?在阿富汗UNICEF正通過許多方式來幫助重建教育系統，并培養教師。他們重修校園，印刷教材，并給學校發書和其他所需物品。這是一所因塔利班而被迫關閉的女生學校。現在，它又開放了。它可容納960個學生。女孩們因可以重返校園而開心。?我因浪費了6年時光而感到沮喪和傷心。那時沒有教育，我只能向我父母學習，但現在不一樣。雖然跟父母學習不是非常糟糕，因為現在學校重新開放我非常開心。??我們打算開放校園，讓孩子們入學，重返校園，并給他們教育使他們可以讀書和寫字。?當塔利班執政并關閉學校時，女孩們只能呆在家里。現在這是他們的機會去繼續學業。我們因此而非常欣慰。我為我們年經的女孩，年輕的孩子們感到驕傲，他們可以重返學校。UNICEF不斷盡職負責的工作，給阿富汗的孩子們帶來食物，藥物和教育。在這過程中，他們不斷給予了希望。

Listening in Passage1 One of the strangest feelings I’ve ever had was when I returned by chance to a place where I’d

been happy as a child.My husband and I were visiting some friends for the weekend-----they lived about 200 kilometers away.We were driving along when I suddenly saw a church in the distance that I recognized.My favorite aunt had lived very near it on a farm that my brother and I used to visit once a year with our parents.We were city kids, brought up in the middle of London, and this was a working farm-----the real thing-----with cows in cowsheds, fields with ponds and a muddy yard full of smelly pigs-----we had the run of the whole place-----it was just paradise for us.And then-----there was the food-----home-made jam and bread and cakes, milk fresh from the cow.And my aunt Lottie-----a farmer’s wife-----and her husband, uncle George and their kids, Katie and Ben, our two cousins who my brother and I really got on with.It was heaven that week we used to spend there.They moved from the farm when I was… how old?-----about 14.So I’d never been back or seen it again.Anyway, there we were, and I’d just seen the church-----, so we turned off and drove down this really narrow lane.And before I knew it we were in front of Aunt Lottie’s farm.The extraordinary thing was that it hadn’t changed------not one tiny bit.It was a lovely old place with a typical country cottage garden, full of flowers.There were lots of barns and sheds-----they were next to-----next to the farm.And you know, I can’t even begin to describe the feeling I had standing there.It was-----oh, what was it? an incredibly powerful feeling of longing-----nostalgia for the past-----for times I’d been very very happy.But it was the past.I hadn’t been there for 20 years and I couldn’t go back, so also I had a feeling of huge sadness, that I couldn’t have those times again.And-----at the same time-----great sweetness, because those times had been so happy, so innocent-----because I was a child.So there was this extraordinary mix-----of longing, sadness and sweetness, all at the same time.It was the strangest feeling I’ve ever had.譯文：

我曾經有過的最奇怪感覺就是當我偶然間來到我童年時十分快樂的地方。當時我和丈夫在周末去看望朋友們，他們都住在200公里外的地方。就在我們沿路開車的時候，我突然看見了在遠處有個熟悉的教堂，我最愛的嬸嬸曾經住在附近的農場，爸媽每年都帶我和哥哥去那里。

我們我無法再擁有曾經的那段時光。但同時，我心中又如此甜蜜，只因那時的我是那樣開在倫敦市中心長大，是城里的孩子，而這個農場又是一個真正的勞作的農場，那里有住著奶牛的牛舍，帶池塘的耕地，滿是臭豬的泥院子。我們在整個農場里瘋跑，那里就像是我們的天堂。

然后，就是吃的，有自制的果醬、面包、蛋糕和剛擠出的新鮮的牛奶。我的嬸嬸Lottie和她的丈夫，也就是我的叔叔，以及他們的孩子-----我們的兩個侄子Katie和Ben，我和哥哥跟他們都相處很好。那里是我們曾經渡過每一天的天堂。但是，他們從農場搬走了，當我，呃，多大的時候？呃….大概是14歲的時候吧。所以我再也沒回去過或是看見過。

無論怎樣，我們來了，我又看見了那個教堂，于是我們轉彎開進這條很窄的小道。但我們不知道的是我們到了Lottie的農場前面，更加奇妙的是它沒有變，一點兒也沒有。

那是一個可愛的有著滿是鮮花的舊式傳統鄉村別墅花園。很多很多的倉庫和小屋，一個一個的在農場附近。你要知道，我甚至不知如何描述我站在那里的心情。那種心情，哦，是什么心情？一種難以置信的強烈的留戀-----對過去的留戀------對曾經美好時光的留戀。然而，那已成為過往，我已經離開那里20年了，我之后也從沒回去過，所以我仍有一種很強的失落感，因為心，那樣天真，只因我那時是個孩子。所以我心中同時擁有了一種及其奇妙的情感的混合，留戀，失落，甜蜜。那是我所擁有的最奇怪的感覺了。

Passage2 Script Interviewer: So what's your first memory of school, Kevin? Kevin: I was really looking forward to school, I remember that, I just couldn't wait.Yeah, Johnny, my brother, was a year older than me and he seemed so grown-up, with his red blazer and smart shoes.And I wanted to go to school and be grown-up too.I don't remember much of the first day actually, apart from this little boy lying on the floor and screaming and screaming and me thinking what a baby he was.Interviewer: Right!What about you, Eva? Eva: I just have this one memory of this coat rack with all our coats.And I was looking for my peg which had a little picture of an elephant next to it.I remember I was crying because I wanted to go home and I couldn't get my coat on.I was crying so much and then the teacher came and helped me.Interviewer: OK, so what about your first best friend at school? Kevin: Oh, yeah, well, Steve, I remember him, because he's still my best friend!Interviewer: Still your best friend!Eva: That's so great!Kevin: Yeah, we didn't know each other before we started school but we became really good friends and so did our mums.Our families ended up going on holiday together and that kind of thing.But we used to fight a lot, Steve and I, and the teachers used to get very cross with us.But we were just having fun.Interviewer: Cool!And what about you, Eva? Eva: My best friend was a girl called Robina.She had short blond hair, I remember I thought she looks like an angel.We sat next to each other and held hands and played fairies in the playground.She left in Year 3 and I cried for days.Interviewer: Oh, how sad!So what about the day you left school? How was that? Eva: I had a lot of mixed feelings, I remember walking home with this amazing feeling of freedom, you know, no more rules, no more bossy teachers.But I also felt pretty sad, because I'd had some good times.I was in a group of girls who were so supportive of each other.Kevin: I couldn't wait to leave, I was counting the days.I just wanted to get a job, get a life, earn some cash.The day I left, I went out to celebrate with a couple of my mates and--had a very good time!翻譯

采訪人：那么你對學校的第一印象是什么呢，凱文？

凱文：我真的很期待去學校，我記得當時我都等不及了。是的，我哥哥強尼只比我大一歲，但他穿上他的紅色夾克衫和時髦的鞋子，看上去那么成熟。于是我也想去學校，然后變得成熟起來。事實上我對開學第一天的印象不是很深，只記得有個小男孩躺在地板上不停地哭鬧，我覺得他真像個小寶寶。采訪人：是呀！那你呢，伊娃？

伊娃：我只對那個掛滿我們外套的外衣架有記憶。那時我一直在找我的樁，它的旁邊有一張大象的小圖片。我記得當時我因為想回家卻穿不上外套而哭的很厲害，以至于后來引來了老師幫我。采訪人：好吧，那你們上學后第一個好朋友怎么樣了？

凱文：嗯，史蒂夫，我記得他，因為他到現在還是我最好的朋友！

采訪人；還是你最好的朋友！伊娃：那太好了！

凱文：是呀！我們在開學前并不認識，但無論我們倆還是我們的媽媽都成了好朋友。我們兩家常常一起度假什么的。但以前史蒂夫和我兩個人經常打架，老師也經常對我們發脾氣。但我們還是覺得很開心。采訪人：真酷！你呢，伊娃？

伊娃：我最好的朋友是一個叫羅比娜的女孩。她有一頭金黃色短發。我記得當時我覺得她看上去像一個天使。我們坐在一起，一起舉手回答老師的問題，一起在操場上玩耍。可是她在3年級的時候離開了，我為此哭了很多天。

采訪人：噢，太令人傷心了！那么你們離開學校那天怎么樣？是什么情況？

伊娃：我當時百感交集。我記得我走在回家路上時有一種驚人的自由感。你知道的，再也沒有規矩，再也沒有專橫的老師們。但我還是非常難過，因為我也有過非常開心的時刻，我在一個互相支援的女孩群體之內。

凱文：那時候我等不及的要離開，甚至在數日子。我只想找到一份工作，好好生活，賺點錢。在我離開學校的那天，我和我的一群伙伴到外面去慶祝，并且玩得很開心！

UNIT3 Inside view conversation1 Janet: So where are we now? Andy: This is the West End.It’s famous for cinemas and theatres.I used to work in a theatre near here.Janet: Really? What did you do? Andy: I moved the scenery between acts in the play.If I’m not mistaken, I worked on Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw Janet: If I remember correctly.That was made into a musical film, wasn’t it? My Fair Lady? I remember seeing it on TV.(Phone ringing)Andy: Oh, oh, it’s Joe.(Andy picked up the phone)Andy: Hey!...Yes, we’re on our way…I don’t think we’re that late.Chill out Joe, we’ll be there.(Andy hung up the phone)Andy: Anyway, come on, we’d better get a move on.Janet: How far is it from here?

Andy: It’s not far.Maybe five minutes’ walk.Joe gets cross if I’m late.Joe: Hello Janet, hello Andy.Late as usual.Andy: Actually, by my watch, I’m bang on time.Joe: Well let’s get on with it.This is Toby Jenkins, the theatre critic.Toby: Nice to meet you, are you ready to start? Andy: Hang on a minute!Janet, can you check the sound level? Can you hear me ok ,Janet？Janet? Janet: Hi Andy, I can’t hear you.What’s up? Andy: Can you hear me now? Janet: Ouch!Yes, that’s much louder.Joe: Let’s stop wasting time please.Just get on with the interview, will you? Janet: 那么，我們現在在哪？

Andy: 這是倫敦西區, 他因影院、戲院而出名.。我曾在這附近的一家戲院里工作過。.Janet: 真的？你當時做什么？

Andy: 我在一出劇中的幕間移動布景，如果我沒搞錯的話，我參與的是皮革馬利翁這出戲的工作，劇本是由蕭伯納寫的。

Janet: 如果我沒記錯的話。它被改編成了一部歌舞片，不是嗎？——《窈窕淑女》,我記得在電視上看過這片。（電話響了）

Andy: 噢，Joe打來的。(Andy 接起電話)Andy: 嗨…對，我們已經在路上了。我不覺得我們真的像你說的那么晚.。別緊張Joe, 我們會到那的。（Andy掛了電話）

Andy: 不管怎樣，快點把，我們最好動身了。Janet: 這里離目的地多遠？

Andy: 不遠，可能走五分鐘就到了，我們遲到的話，Joe會生氣的。Joe: Janet、Andy你們好啊，你們還是像往常一樣遲到了。Andy: 事實上，照我的表來看，我們到的正準時。

Joe: 算了，我們別說這個了。這位是劇評家Toby Jenkin Toby: 很高興見到你，你準備好開始采訪了嗎？

Andy: 等一下，Janet，你能檢查一下音量嗎？你聽得請我說話嗎Janet？Janet? Janet: 嗨Andy, 我聽不見你說話，怎么回事？ Andy: 現在聽得見嗎？

Janet: 哎呀…聽見了，清楚多了

Joe: 拜托，咱們別浪費時間了。快點開始采訪，行不？

Conversation2 Andy: And we’ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today, who has just been to see the latest show at The Hippodrome La Clique.So La Clique is slightly different from the usual shows we see here in the West End these days.Can you tell me something about it, Toby? Toby: Yes, It’s a kind of cabaret, with a series of variety acts set in a kind of circus, but it’s very contemporary, extremely well produced and huge fun..Andy: Tell me more about the acts.Toby: Well, there are stunts performed on a high wire, and puppets.There’s a sword swallower and juggler, and a rubber man who manages to pass his whole body through a tennis racquet.Andy: It sounds very unusual.Toby: Yes, for the West End today, but not so unusual for 30 or more years ago.Andy: So, It’s family entertainment then? Toby: Ah, no.I’m afraid it’s pretty adult, but very funny and stylish.Andy: Did you get that ok, Janet? Joe: Let me have a listen…

Janet: Oh no, did I do some thing wrong? Joe: Well, It’s just that I can’t hear anything.Let’s try again…

Andy: Did you remember to keep an eye on the sound levels? That meter, there!.Janet: Oh no, I clean forgot.Andy: It’s Ok.We’ll just do another take.Joe: Come on you two.Hurry up!Janet: I’m so sorry.It slipped my mind.Joe: You’ll forget your own head one day.Sorry about this, Toby.From the top, please.Andy: And we’ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today…

Andy: 今天我們很榮幸地邀請到Toby Jenkins接受我們的采訪, 他剛剛在The Hippodrome劇院看了最新公演的La Clique。那么，La Clique和我們近期在倫敦西區看的表演略微有點不同，能就這一點和我們談談嗎？

Toby: 好的，這算是一種余興節目,在某種馬戲表演中穿插一系列演出,但這些演出都是非常有時代性的，制作精良，而且很有趣。.Andy: 能更多地談談那些演出嗎？

Toby: 好的，其中有雜耍演員在高空鋼絲上的表演、有木偶表演、吞劍表演、魔術表演、還有個柔韌性很好的人從一個網球拍中成功地鉆了過去。Andy: 聽起來確實很特別。

Toby: 是的，對于現在的倫敦西區來說是很特別, 但對于三十多年前來說，就沒那么特別了。Andy: 所以說，這是老少咸宜的娛樂形式嘍？

Toby: 不，恐怕這更適合成年人，但確實很流行、也很有趣。.Andy: Janet，這些你都錄好了嗎? Joe: 讓我聽聽看

Janet: 哦不，我做錯什么了嗎？

Joe: 問題是，我什么都聽不見啊。我們再試一次.Andy: 你有留心音量控制器嗎? 就是那個表。Janet: 哦不，我忘得一干二凈 Andy: 沒事，我們再錄一次就行了 Joe: 快呀你們兩個！快點！Janet: 太抱歉了，我一不小心忘了.Joe: 沒準哪天你連自己的腦袋都忘了。Toby,我們對此感到很抱歉，請從頭開始。.Andy: 今天我們很榮幸地邀請到Toby Jenkins接受我們的采訪……

Outside View The Mona Lisa, the most famous painting in the world, was trully revolutionary even in its time.While he was painting the Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci broke all the rules, even his own.In spite of the fact that Leonardo and other aritists believed that women should only be portrayed with eyes gazing slightly down.Leonodo painted the Mona Lisa looking directly

at the viewer.The positon of her body is another innovation.While her face looks straight ahead, her body is slight turned, a pose that creates a sense of movement and tension.In another break from tradition, the Mona Lisa is not wearing any jewellery or adorments.Finally, backgrounds in portraits usually indicated a real place but the landscape in Leonardo’s portrait seems almost imaginary.A:One of the things I like to do is, um, think about her face and why, what is she trying, why, what is she trying to say with her face and I used to think that her face told more than one story.For instance, if I covered up one side of her face, it seemed like she might be a little sad or resevered, almost secretive.S:Her eyes are, they’re kind of looking at us or around us, through us perhaps.I think with that painting she is the viewer and we are the subject in a way.And she has this look that she knows somehting that we don’t know.A:And then when I coverd up that side and looked at the other side, she seemed happier, um, more satisfied.And togher, it created sort of the mystery about her that, um, made interpreting her face very enigmatic.S:There’s speculation that the Mona Lisa is a self-portrait of Leonardo and I, I believe that it is, there, there, the features do line up between the Mona Lisa and sketches of Leonardo.Scott McMahon and Anne Pfaff are both portrait artists.They believe that portraits can tell a story and make people think, just as the Mona Lisa has done for so many years.A:When I was young, um, I was always interested in, um, reading books about people and, and the dynamics, different kinds of relationships they had and so when I became a painter it was natural for me to be interested in painting poeple and looking for similar kinds of stories to tell about them that you might read in a book.S:Uh, most of my work consists of photographic self-portraiture.Um, I’m interested in using myself as th subject, um, not only as the creator of the image but as the, the character, or the performer of, of the images.So in my portraits I’m trying to capture, um, a deeper essence of a person, um, more or less.This work here is done with a pinhole camera, which requires a very long exposure so, with a portrait you can get this feeling of time passed.It’s not a, it’s not an instant, per se, it could be five minutes of exposure.A:So this is another project I’m working on.I’m almost finished with it but I still need to work on the reflections in the wather, um, and the face of the boy before it’s finished.S:I often work with multiples and, you know, using a mirror or the same image twice and what I wanted to do was link the two portraits together with the string.It’s kind of the string of thought or this idea of remembering or the resilience of memory.A:I don’t just paint from photographs.I try to make a work of art.Um, I try to make a painting that goes beyond a mere photographic image.I try to capture something about the soul of the, or the essence of this person.S:This piece here is, uh, it’s called The Measure of Decay and behind the piece there are portraits, again, of me I have this clay covering on that has cracked and so it’s, it’s kind of like the process of decay.So as each portrait goes around you can, you can see the image in a different focus.I love painting portraits.A:I love painting but portraits are very special because they’re about people.S:I’m fascinated by portraiture in general, and the human body and how the image lives over time.I like to capture what is unique and special about an individual in paint.蒙娜麗莎，作為世界上做最著名的畫，在當時的時代是完完全全顛覆性的。列奧納多·達·芬奇在創作這幅畫的時候突破了一切的規則限制，甚至是他自己的。在達芬奇創作的這幅畫中，盡管他其他廣大藝術家都認在畫像中婦女只能以眼睛微向下看的姿態出現，可是他仍然將蒙娜麗莎畫為直視著看畫者。她的身體則是另外一個突破。當她的臉是對著正前方的時候，她的身體略微轉過一個角度，這個姿勢將一種動感和張力結合到了一起。另外一個突破傳統的就是蒙娜麗莎沒有佩戴任何的珠寶或者是裝飾品。最后一點，肖像畫的背景通常指向一個真實的地點，而列奧納多的肖像畫的背景看起來都是夢幻一般的。

安普法夫：我喜歡做的一件事情是，恩，思考她的臉還有為什么她是這樣的姿態，她想通過她的臉傳達什么，我曾認為她的臉告訴我們不止一個故事。比如說，如果我遮起她的臉的一邊兒，她看起來會有些悲傷或者說是沉默寡言的，幾乎是遮遮掩掩的。

斯科特麥克馬洪：她的眼睛是那種像看著我們，又像看著我們周圍，或許還是穿過了我們。在一定程度上，我想在這幅畫中，她是旁觀者，而我們卻成了畫的主題。她的這種表情仿佛表示出她知道某些我們不知道的事情。

安普法夫：而后當我遮起她的另一邊臉看剛才一邊的時候，她看起來快樂一些，恩，或者說更滿足的。整體一起看的時候，它又有一種關于她的神秘感，恩，讓理解她的臉變的難以捉摸。

斯科特麥克馬洪：有一種猜測說蒙娜麗莎這幅畫是達芬奇的自畫像，而我認為，這些特點是集合了蒙娜麗莎還有達芬奇的素描。

斯科特麥克馬洪和安普法夫都是肖像畫藝術家。他們認為肖像畫可以講述一個故事而且令人深思，就像多年前蒙娜麗莎這幅畫的作用一樣。

安普法夫：當我年輕的時候，恩，我喜歡，恩，讀關于人的書，還有關于人的相互關系的，他們之間各種各樣的關系，所以當我成為一個畫家的時候，很自然地我會去關注畫人還有在書中找尋相似的故事去講述它們。

斯科特麥克馬洪：恩，我的大部分工作由攝影自畫像組成。恩，我很樂意將自己作為主題，恩，不僅僅是畫的創作者，而且是畫的主角或者是表演者。所以在我的肖像畫作品中，我試圖去抓住，恩，或多或少一個人的更深層的本質。這兒的這個工作需要借助針孔攝像機完成，它需要很長的曝光時間，所以你可以在這個肖像畫的過程中感受到時間的流逝。它并不是，并不是一個瞬間的，它本身可以是五分鐘的曝光時間。

安普法夫：這是我正在進行的另一個作品。我幾乎快要完成了，可是在真正完成之前仍然有一些工作，比如說水的反射，恩，還有這男孩兒的臉。

斯科特麥克馬洪：你知道的，我工作的時候經常和倍數打交道，還有用鏡子或者相同的東西兩次，我所想要做的是將兩幅肖像用一根線聯系起來。那是一種思想的線，或者說是記憶，還有記憶的重現。安普法夫：我不僅僅是按照圖片作畫。我試圖做關于藝術的工作。恩，我試著畫一種超越了僅僅是圖片的畫。我試著捕捉一些關于人的靈魂或者是關于人的本質的東西。

斯科特麥克馬洪：這里的東西，恩，叫做衰退的測量，在這張陶土的后面是一些肖像，再一次，我將陶土中間弄碎，所以它是，它像是一種衰退的過程。所以，當每一幅肖像轉動的時候，你可以，你可以在不同的焦點上看這些畫。

安普法夫：我喜愛畫肖像畫。我喜歡畫畫但是肖像畫是非常特殊的，因為它們是關于人的。

斯科特麥克馬洪：我通常被肖像藝術所吸引，還有人的軀體和這些畫是如何在歲月中存活下來。我喜歡在畫中捕捉一些獨特的東西還有有關個體的一些特質。

Listening in conversation 1 Lily: So what was the highlight of your trip to(South)Korea? Hugh: Well that's…let me see...it's got to be going to see Nanta.Lily： What on earth is Nanta?

Hugh：It's this amazing live show-part theater-part dance-part music.Lily: Sounds really interesting.But why’s it so brilliant? Hugh: I think it's the energy of the performers.Also it has a unique concept.It's a mixture of traditional Korean music, percussion and drums, into a western style performance Lily: I've never heard of it.Has it ever been performed in the West? Hugh: Yeah, it's been a sell-out.They've toured in over 30 countries since the show began in 1997.It's a non-verbal performance so there are no language barriers.That's what's made it an international success.Lily: What else makes it so special then? Hugh: Well...the other thing is that all the action takes place in the kitchen.You see these four chefs preparing the food for a wedding reception.The performers use knives, dustbin lids and various other kitchen utensils to create a hypnotic soundtrack.The food literally flies everywhere!It's hilarious.Lily: That sounds quite funny I must admit.Is there an actual story though? Hugh: Oh yes, there is a story.The four chefs have to prepare the meal by 6 o'clock and they also have to give the manager's nephew cooking lessons too, which adds to the fun.There’s loads of audience participation and despite there being no language involved you get completely engrossed.It's really quite wacky!Lily: And what about the audience? I suppose they start throwing food around…? Hugh: Not quite!But they are totally involved in what's going on-everyone loves it.It's a really great family show.In fact it's one of the best shows I've ever seen.Jim, my friend, says he takes all his visitors.He's seen it about eight times and still loves it.Lily: I bet it's popular with tourists then.Hugh: Well apparently over a million foreign tourists in(South)Korea have seen the show and it's had a run on Broadway too.It first got popular after they appeared at the Edinburgh Festival.Now they are planning to tour more cities in Asia where(South)Korean popular culture is becoming incredibly trendy.Lily： By the way what does?Nanta? mean?

Hugh：It means random drumming in Korean.The English name for the show is Cookin’, which gives you a clearer idea of what it's all about.Lily： You've got me interested now.I'll have to check it out on the internet.麗莉：這次你的韓國之行有什么讓你難忘的事情么？ 休： 額。。讓我想想。。應該是去看Nanta這件事吧。麗莉：到底什么是Nanta? 休： 他是個很精彩的舞臺劇，應該說是戲劇，舞蹈以及音樂的大綜合吧。麗莉：那聽起來挺有意思啊。不過它為什么那么精彩？

休： 我想應該是因為演員們的活力吧。還有就是這個舞臺劇本身包含一個很獨特的概念。它是一種將傳統朝鮮音樂，打擊樂器和鼓融合進西方風格的表演 麗莉：我從來沒有聽說過她，這個節目在西方國家上映過么？

休： 當然，而且場場爆滿。自1997年這個節目正式開始表演以來，Nanta的表演團隊已經游遍了三十多個國家。Nanta是一個非語言類的表演，因此演員與觀眾之間不存在語言交流的障礙，而這恰恰就是讓它在全球范圍內取得成功的原因。麗莉：它還有什么讓它變得如此特別的亮點？

休： 額。。說道其他的特點的話，應該就是表演中所有的事情都發生在廚房。你會看到4個主廚在廚房

中為準備婚宴餐點而忙碌。演員們用刀具，垃圾箱的蓋子以及其他各式各樣的廚具來制造出令人著迷的音效。舞臺上的各種食物簡直就是在飛來飛去，這很有意思的。麗莉：我承認，這聽起來很有趣。但是表演內容中有沒有一個完整的故事？

休： 有啊，那四個主廚必須在6點之前準備好婚宴晚餐，同時又要給經理的侄子上烹飪課，這些元素都使整部節目充滿笑點。節目中還包含大量觀眾參與互動的環節，盡管節目與語言毫不相關，但每個人都全神貫注于其中。這真的有點古怪，不是么？

麗莉：來談一談觀眾們的反應吧，我猜他們一定開始四處仍食物了吧？

休： 并非完全如此。但他們確實全都沉浸在整部節目中，畢竟每個觀眾都喜愛它。這是一部非常適合家庭成員一起觀看的表演。說實話，他是我所看過的節目中最好的節目之一。我的一個朋友Jim說，他會帶他所有的客戶來看這節目。他已經看過約8次了，卻仍不厭煩。麗莉：我打賭它肯定很受旅客們的喜愛

休： 恩。。顯然，成百上千到韓國旅游的游客都看過這部節目，而且nanta也在百老匯上演過。當初，Nanta在愛丁堡的慶典上開始受到世人的矚目。而現在，Nanta節目組正準備在更多的亞洲城市進行巡演，韓國的流行文化顯然在這些地方十分地受歡迎。麗莉：順便問一下，Nanta是什么意思？

休： 在韓國，它是胡亂擊鼓的意思。他的英文名是Cookin’s,英文名可以讓你更好地理解這個節目的主題。

麗莉：好吧，你的話激起了我對他的興趣。我要上網查一查它了

Listening in Conversation 2 Interviewer: Kathy Richards is a specialist art tour guide.Kathy-can you tell us what trends you've noticed in recent years? Kathy: Well, one of the biggest phenomena I've noticed is a huge increase in visitors to galleries-and a growing interest in modern art in general.Interviewer: What do you think the reason is for that? Kathy: Well, there are several reasons, I think.The most important ones are firstly, that some new contemporary art galleries have opened which have had a lot of publicity, and secondly the younger generation feel more comfortable with modern art so the kind of people visiting galleries is changing.Finally, the new generation of galleries have become destinations in themselves...they tend to be housed in amazing buildings.Interviewer: So which are the most popular new galleries? Kathy: Well, the Tate Modern in London has had over 30 million visitors since it opened in 2000.The annual average is now over 4.5 million.The Museum of Modern Art, or MoMA in New York is an older gallery, it was founded in 1929 but has been recently renovated and expanded.This work was finished in 2006 and it had over 2.5 million visitors in the first year after reopening.Another very successful new gallery is the Guggenheim in Bilbao in Spain.It opened in 1997 and now gets about a million visitors a year.Interviewer: Those are pretty impressive figures.Maybe the fact that the Tate Modern is free to visit might have something to do with it? Kathy: It's true that entrance to the permanent collection is free but the numbers of people visiting the temporary exhibition are also high-and the entrance fee is usually about ten pounds.Interviewer: Do you have to pay to get into the other galleries you mentioned?

Kathy: Oh yes.You do.Admission to MoMA is 20 US dollars and the Guggenheim in Bilbao costs eight euros.Interviewer: Do people mind paying, do you think? Kathy: No, I don't think they do mind.Most people feel the fees are reasonable considering the outstanding collections of priceless works of art that they get to see.Interviewer: You mentioned that the buildings that art galleries are in can be an attraction themselves these days...Kathy: Well, yes, the Guggenheim has literally revitalized the whole city and put Bilbao on the tourist map.It's got a futuristic, curvy metallic structure and people love it.The Tate Modern has helped redevelop an old industrial area beside the River Thames.The gallery itself is actually inside a huge , old, brick power station.And MoMA is interesting as it's in downtown New York.Interviewer: And who visits these galleries? What's the profile of the average art lover? Kathy: Well, in the past museums and galleries were seen as appealing to the older generation.But in fact, 48 percent of visitors to the Tate Modern are under 35...采訪者：凱西·理查是專業的藝術導游。凱西，你能告訴我們你所注意到的這方面近幾年來的趨勢嗎？ 凱西： 好的，我所觀察到的最重要的現象之一是：到美術館參觀的人數劇增，公眾對現代藝術的興趣更濃厚了。

采訪者：你認為產生這種現象的原因是什么呢？

凱西： 我認為，有以下幾點原因。最重要的是，首先，一些當代開放的新型美術館宣傳有力；其次，參觀人員逐漸年輕化——新一代更能接受現代藝術；最后，新的美術館本身也成為了參觀者的目的地之一，因為畫作大都被陳列于令人驚嘆的建筑物中。采訪者：那么，哪些新型美術館是最受歡迎的呢？

凱西： 倫敦的泰特現代美術館自從2000年開放以來已經擁有超過3000萬的訪客總數，而它現在每年的平均參觀人數超過450萬。紐約的現代藝術博物館，或者我們叫它MoMA，是一所歷史悠久的美術館。它于1929年建立，但是最近進行了修葺和擴建。其整修于2006年完工。自它重新對公眾開放后，第一年就有超過250萬的參觀者。還有一所非常成功的新型美術館，它就是坐落在西班牙畢爾巴鄂市的古根海姆博物館。它于1997年建成，并擁有每年100萬的游客量。

采訪者：真是些令人咋舌的數字。泰特現代美術館所擁有的驚人訪客量與它的免費開放有什么關聯嗎？ 凱西： 去參觀長期的館藏畫作的確是免費的，但是參觀臨時展品的游客依然眾多，雖然票價通常在10英鎊左右。

采訪者：那么，人們去剛才你所提到的另兩所美術館需要門票嗎？

凱西： 噢，是的，當然需要。MoMA需要20美元，而古根海姆博物館需要8歐元。采訪者：你認為參觀者們在乎這樣高昂的票價嗎？

凱西： 不，我不認為他們介意。大多數人們認為，考慮到那些他們即將看到的優秀而無價的收藏品與藝術品，這樣的價格是合理的。

采訪者：你剛才的話中提到，那些保存有杰出畫作的建筑，在現在同樣具有吸引力。

凱西： 是的，像古根海姆博物館，它在畢爾巴鄂的出現簡直賦予整座城市以新的活力，并且令這座城市出現在了旅游地圖上。人們喜歡它那充滿未來主義氣息的曲線型金屬結構。泰特美術館則幫助泰晤士河畔的老工業區重獲生機，其本身，便是由一個有一定歷史的大型磚石結構發電廠改建而成。至于MoMA則很有趣，因為它坐落于紐約的市中心。

采訪者：那么來美術館參觀的一般是些什么人呢？這些藝術愛好者們大致上的分布情況又是怎樣呢？ 凱西： 在過去，博物館和美術館被認為是老一代的?專利?，但事實上，泰特美術館48%的參觀者年齡都在35歲以下……

Unit4 Inside view Conversation 1 Joe: So, you’re all set for the interview with Janet’s Chinese friend? Andy: Sure, we’re meeting him tomorrow at midday.Joe: And Janet, you’re OK to give Andy a hand?

Janet: Yes.Thank you very much for giving me another chance after last week.Joe: Just remind me...why are we interviewing this guy? Andy: It’s part of our background series to ethnic restaurants in London.We did Indian last month.Joe: OK, well, just remember that there’s no such thing as a free lunch!Now, anything else we need to do for next week’s guide?

Andy: We’ve got the upcoming London Video Games Festival in Trafalgar Square.Joe: Video games? In Trafalgar Square? Andy: Yes, about 100,000 people attended last year.Janet: But how did they do that outdoors? Andy: Well, they put up a huge tent ,and there were demos of the latest game software to try out.Janet: Is that the kind of event that we usually cover on London Time off? Andy: Sure, why not? It’s very popular!Remember our slogan: the essential guide to going out and staying in.Joe: Let’s plan something for that...Can we try to think about something which will go with it? You know，something along the lines of how ways of getting music and TV into our homes have changed.Andy: You mean people download music instead of buying CDs? Joe: Yes, or on how many people check out the music on You Tube first.That all sounds very promising.Maybe we can run a feature on traditional entertainment and new technology.Look, I’ll let you get on with the rest of the planning and we’ll speak after lunch.Joe: 那么，你們都要前往采訪Janet的中國朋友？ Andy: 當然，我們約好明天中午見面。Joe: Janet,你能做好Andy的助手吧?

Janet: 嗯，經歷上周那件事后，很感謝你還能再給我一次機會.Joe: 這正好提醒了我，為什么我們要采訪這個家伙? Andy: 這是倫敦源民俗餐館系列的一部分，我們上個月完成了印度那部分。

Joe: 好的，不過記住?天下沒有免費的午餐?！現在，對于下周的導航節目我們還有什么事要做嗎？ Andy: 我們打算做關于即將在特拉法爾加廣場舉行的倫敦節的內容。Joe: 電子游戲? 在特拉法爾加廣場? Andy: 是的，去年將近100，000人參加了呢。Janet: 但是他們是怎么在戶外舉辦這次這場活動的呢？

Andy: 他們搭建大的帳篷，那里有許多最新的游戲軟件的示范產品可供試玩。Janet: 它就是那種我們經常在倫敦假日上報道的事嗎？

Andy: 當然，可不就是嘛。它非常流行，記住我們的口號：出門或居家，我們都不可或缺。

Joe: 讓我們計劃一下。嘗試想一下什么東西可以與之相匹配。你知道的，現在獲取音樂和電視節目的方式已經改變了。

Andy: 你的意思是說人們通過下載音樂而不是購買CD來獲取音樂？

Joe: 是的，或者說關于現在有多少人在You Tube試聽音樂。這些聽起來都很不錯。或許我們可以做一個關于傳統娛樂方式和現代科技的特別報道。我會讓你們跟進剩余的計劃。我們吃完飯再談

Conversation 2 Janet: Going back to technology and tradition...why not we do something on the rise of e-book readers? Andy: That’s a good idea.They’re not like books.They’re more like hand-held computers.Janet: But the trouble is, every time I read a book on-screen, it hurts my eyes.Andy: Yes, but the great thing about them is you’ll never run out of things to read!Janet: But there is nothing quite like a good old-fashioned book.Andy: Maybe, but don’t you read more words online than on paper? I’m sure I do.Janet: Excuse me.I’d better check this.Andy: And you read more text messages than anyone else!Joe: Is someone using mobile in here? Can’t you understand the sign? I’m doing a recording in the other studio, and I’m picking up the electronic signal.Janet: Oh, it’s my fault.I should have realized...Andy: That serves you right!Janet: Oh no, I keep making such a mess of things!Andy: Just ignore him!It’s no big deal!

Janet: But what you’re saying about e-readers, that’s a good lead-in to a report on how new technology is changing so fast.Andy: It’s good, smart thinking, Janet!Janet: And I also messed up the recording with Toby Jenkins.Andy: Forget about it, Janet!Everyone could have done that.Joe started the recording before I had time to adjust the level.It wasn’t your fault.Anyway, somebody once said, technology doesn’t run an enterprise, relationships do.Don’t beat yourself up about it.Janet: I suppose that’s true.Well, I’ll make sure I get it right next time.Janet: 回到科技與傳統這個話題，我們何不在電子閱讀器的增長這方面做些研究。Andy: 好主意，它們看起來并不像書，而更像是掌上電腦。

Janet: 但是缺點是，每當我在電子屏幕前看書，眼睛就會覺得刺痛。

Andy: 是的。但是他們也有個突出的優點，你永遠不用為沒有閱讀材料而發愁。Janet: 但是他們始終比不上傳統的好書。

Andy: 或許吧。但難道你不覺得你在網絡上的閱讀量遠大于在紙上的嗎？我覺得是這樣的。Janet: 不好意思，我最好還是看一下。Andy: 而且你能比其他人閱讀更多的文本信息。

Joe: 有人在使用移動電話嗎？拿到你看不懂這個標志？我正在工作室錄音，需要接收電子信號呢。Janet: 噢，都是我的錯。我本應該意識到的。。Andy: 這是你應得的待遇！

Janet: 唉，我為什么總是把事情弄的一團糟。Andy: 忽略他吧，這沒什么大不了的。

Janet: 你剛說電子閱讀器什么的。那是一個關于現代科技快速改變的報告的很好的引入。Andy: 非常好，你的思維很敏捷，Janet.Janet: 但是我同時也搞砸了Toby Jenkins的節目錄制.Andy: 別把它放心上，Janet.每個人曾經都犯過這樣的錯誤。在我還沒來得及調整音量的時候Joe就已經開始錄制節目了。這不是你的錯。無論如何，曾有人說過，科技不能創造成功，而關系可以。所以不要過分自責。

Janet: 我希望如此。我下次會小心，不再犯這樣的錯誤。

Outside view To fly like a bird.It’s a desire that captures the human imagination.The Greeks told stories of Daedalus, an inventor who created wings made of wax and feathers and flew.The first person who seriously tried to fly like a bird was an Italian artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci.Da Vinci designed complex and wondrous flying machines, but his designs never got off the ground.Early inventors, like da vinci, tried to fly by flapping, just like birds.Here is what happens when a bird flaps: When a bird flaps, thrust and lift and control are created at the same time.Lift is the force that keeps the bird elevated.Lift is generated by the air under the bird’s wings.Thrust is the force that keeps the bird moving forward.Thrust is generated by powerful muscles in the bird’s chest and wings.The bird maintains control by constantly adjusting its flapping.Much of a bird’s control is generated by its tail.A successful flying machine needed to provide the same forces that a bird used, A successful flying machine needed to provide lift to overcome gravity, control to let the driver change direction.And thrust to make it move forward.And it needed to be light enough to stay in the air.Once inventors understood these three challenges separately, and stopped trying to flap,they made progress.One inventor was the Brazilian pilot and aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont.Santos-Dumont experimented with balloons.He flew his lighter-than-air flying machines in France.In 1901, Santos-Dumont was the first to fly from Sant Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in a given time.Meanwhile other inventors were working on heavier-than-air flying machines.With these aircraft, lift was a big problem.German flyer, Otto Lilienthal, tackled the problem of lift.He built many large gliders, constantly refining their design.Lilienthal made thousands of flights from the top of a hill.Some that lasted as long as five hours.But he eventually died in a tragic crash.Lilienthal successfully mastered the challenge of lift, but he did not master the challenge of control.The Wright Brothers were inspired by Lilienthal’s inventions.The Wright Brothers started

to develop and test their own flying machines.In their Ohio workshop, they built a wind tunnel and study aerodynamics.Through trial and error, they discovered how the shapes of different wings affected lift.They added a tail that moved, a stabilizer that made the front steady, and wings that were more flexible.Their 1902 glider was the first aircraft that was completely controllable.The next year they added a customed-built engine that provided thrust.The engine powered them forward and increased distance and duration.On December 17th, 1903, after about 1000 text flights, the Wright Brothers flew the first powered airplane over the sand dunes of North Carolina.Santos-Dumont invented heavier-than-air planes, too.In 1909, he developed a monoplane called Demoiselle, or the Grass Hopper.It was the first modern aircraft.After that, advances in aircraft design came quickly.More powerful engines were invented.New lightweight materials were developed so aircraft could go higher and faster.By World War Two, strong metal replaced the canvas and wood of earlier planes.In 1947, text pilot Chuck Yeager went faster than the speed of sound in a rocket-powered plane that looked like a bullet with wings.The invention of the jet engine made even higher speeds possible and pushed aircraft design in new directions.But technology doesn’t always push to go faster.With new ultra-light materials, the human-powered gossamer makes it almost possible for people to fulfill the age-old desire and fly like a bird.像鳥一樣飛。這種渴望激發了人類的想象力。希臘人講述了有關代達拉斯的故事，他發明了用蠟和皮毛制作的翅膀并且飛了起來。第一個認真地嘗試像鳥一樣飛起來的人是意大利的藝術家、發明家李奧納多達芬奇。達芬奇設計了一種復雜奇妙的飛行機器，但是他的設計從未實現。像達芬奇一樣早期的發明家，試著通過鼓翼而飛，就像鳥一樣。以下是當鳥拍打翅膀時發生的事：

當一只鳥拍打翅膀時，推力和升力以及對飛行的控制都在同時間產生。升力是保持鳥上升的力。它通過鳥翅膀下的空氣流動產生。推力是保持鳥向前運動的力，它由在鳥胸部和翅膀上強有力的肌肉產生。鳥通過持續不斷地調整擺翅從而維持對飛行的控制。一只鳥的飛行控制大部分是由它的尾巴實現的。一個成功的飛行機器需要上述要素。一個成功的飛行機器需要提供升力來克服重力，還能夠操控好讓駕駛員改變方向，并且要有推力使其前進。同時它還需要足夠輕才能待在空中。一旦發明家們了解了這三個難題，并且停止繼續嘗試鼓翼的方法，他們就能夠取得進步。有位發明家叫作Alberto Santos-Dumont，他是巴西的飛行員。他用氣球做實驗，在法國起飛他的輕飛行器。1901年，Santos-Dumont是第一個在規定時間內往返飛行于圣克勞德和埃菲爾鐵塔的人。其間，其他的發明家也在努力研發著重飛行器。對于這些飛行器，升力是個巨大的問題。德國飛行家Otto Lilienthal克服了這個問題。他建造了許多大型的滑翔機，并且不斷地改良著設計方案，在一山丘的頂上進行了成千上萬次飛行實驗，有些持續飛行了5小時之久。但是他最終在一次悲慘的撞擊中去世了。Lilienthal 成功解決了升力的難題，可惜卻沒能掌握機身的控制。萊特兄弟被Lilienthal的發明所鼓舞，開始改進并測試他們自己的飛行器。在他們俄亥俄州的車間，他們建造了一個風洞和機翼模型，幫助他們了解學習空氣動力學。通過無數的試驗和錯誤，他們終于探索出不同形狀的機翼是如何影響升力的。萊特兄弟們在飛機上增加了機尾，以及使前端更加穩定的穩定裝置，并且使用了更加靈活柔韌的機翼。他們1902年發明的滑翔機是第一個能夠完全可控的飛行器。次年他們添加了一個定制的引擎來提供推力。這個引擎為他們前進、增加飛行距離和飛行持續時間提供了動力。1903年12月17日，在將近1000次的試飛后，萊特兄弟在北卡羅納州的沙丘上飛起了第一假機動飛機。Santos-Dumont也發明了重飛行器。1909年，他改進了單翼機，命名為Demoiselle或者叫Grass Hopper。它是第一架現代飛行器。在那以后，飛機的設計飛快地進步著。更多強勁的引擎被發明出來。新型輕型材料也改進了，以至于飛機能飛得更高更快。二戰前，堅固的金屬取代了早期飛機的帆布和木頭。1947年，試飛員Chuck Yeager在一假長得像帶翅膀的子彈的火箭推進動力飛機里飛得

比聲音還快。噴氣式引擎的發明使得更快的速度成為可能，同時促使飛機向新的方向設計。但是技術并不總是向更快邁進，借著超輕型材料的出現，如薄紗做的人力驅動飛機使得滿足人們像鳥一樣飛翔的夙愿成為可能。

Listening in Passage1 Traditional jobs like the chimney sweeps and coal miners from our history lessons don't really exist anymore.During the 20th century the number of people working in agriculture and manufacturing decreased significantly.In contrast, the number of people doing office-based jobs has more than doubled from 18 percent of the working population in 1901, to over 40 percent by the end of the 20th century.Modern society has changed the way we work but these changes are not always positive.They can also create problems we may not be aware of.What does the modern office mean for the nation's health, for example? Well，firstly, office jobs are sedentary.We're sitting at our desks all day working on computers.And this means we're not exercising our bodies in the way people used to when they did more traditional jobs.It's not surprising then that we're all putting on weight.In fact, a fifth of adults over 16 were classified as over weight in 2001.But there are other less obvious dangers connected with office work.Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, another disorders like muscle strain, neck and backache are a growing problem.It's estimated that in 2002, over a million people suffered from these kinds of health problems.As a result, 123 million working days were lost.The cause is simple: long periods spent sitting at the computer typing and using a mouse.Many companies now employ ergonomic experts to ensure staff are sitting correctly at their computers and take frequent breaks from typing to try and prevent injury.Another problem of the modern office is the building itself.People tend to feel tired and irritable after a day stuck inside a modern office and often get colds and flu.This phenomenon is known as ?sick building syndrome” and it's caused by several factors.First of all, in many offices there is a lack of natural air and light.Secondly, within the enclosed space of an office environment, there is a high concentration of electronic devices.And as well as this, air-conditioning systems in large buildings recirculate the air around the office, carrying germs from workstation to workstation.Research suggests sick buildings syndrome can be found in roughly 30 percent of new or refurbished buildings.But there is some good news for office workers.A lot of companies are making efforts to improve office workplaces.They're installing better lighting and ventilation.They're increasing the number of plants.And they're encouraging employees to take regular breaks from their computers.So if anyone listening is in an office, take this simple advice: get up, have a stretch, open a window-if you can-and think of ways you can stay healthy in this most unnatural environment.類似打掃煙囪和挖掘煤礦這類出現在我們歷史課本上的傳統工作將不會繼續存在下去。20世紀，從事農業和工業勞動的人數急劇減少。與之相反的是，在辦公室里辦公的人員人數從1901年僅占勞動力總數的18%增長到20世紀末的40%，翻了一倍。現代化的社會改變了我們的工作方式，但這些改變并不總是積極的。它們也可能產生一些我們意料之外的問題。

例如，現代化的辦公對于國民的健康意味著什么呢？首先，辦公室的工作往往缺少身體活動。我們常常坐在電腦前工作一整天。這就意味著我們沒能像過去從事傳統勞動人們那樣在工作中鍛煉我們的身體。

這樣一來我們體重增加就沒什么值得吃驚的了。事實上，在2001年16歲以上的成年人中有五分之一屬于超重人群。

另外，還有一些由辦公室工作帶來的并不太明顯的危險。例如重復性的肌肉拉傷和緊張勞損，還有一些其他的身體混亂癥狀例如肌肉拉傷，頸部以及背部的疼痛問題越來越多。據預計，在2002年，超過100萬人將會遭受上述的健康問題，這將導致1230萬個工作日的損失。造成這種現象的原因很簡單：長期坐在電腦前打字和使用鼠標。

現在許多公司雇傭人類工程學專家來確保員工在電腦前坐姿正確并且在操作電腦中足夠頻繁地得到休息，以此避免長時間工作帶來的傷痛。

在現代辦公室中存在的另一個問題是辦公室這個建筑物本身。人們常常在現代辦公室里呆上一整天后感覺到疲勞和急躁，并且常常患感冒和流感。這個現象被稱為?室內空氣綜合癥?，它是由多種因素引發的。首先，在許多辦公室中缺少自然的空氣和陽光。其次，在辦公室的封閉環境中聚集著大量電子設備。另外，在大型建筑中的空調系統使辦公室中的空氣不斷循環，將病菌從一個工作區帶到另一個工作區。研究指出，在大概30%的新建或翻新的辦公室中存在室內空氣綜合癥患者。

但這里也有一些關于辦公室共工作人員的好消息。許多公司都在努力提升室內工作環境。他們正在提供更好的的照明和通風系統，增加室內植物的數量，并且鼓勵員工在使用電腦的過程中有規律地休息。如果有人正在辦公室里收聽該文的話，請聽從下述簡單建議：站起來，伸展一下四肢，打開窗戶（如果你做得到的話），然后想想你該怎么樣在一個很不自然的環境下保持健康。

Passage 2 Karen: Jim, you’ve been a farmer for a long time.Can you explain how farming methods have changed? Jim: Well, in the past, most agriculture was small-scale and labour-intensive, and on the whole worked in harmony with nature.But in the last 50 years, things have changed dramatically, particularly in the industrialized world.Now 41 percent of the world’s farmland is managed intensively.Karen: And what does this mean in practice? Jim: You see, nowadays, most farms have high productivity which，in one sense, is a good thing.However, it can mean that vast areas are the farmed with the same crop.Hedgerows are removed and chemical pesticides and fertilizers used.This has a negative effect on the ecosystem and destroys other forms of natural vegetation and local wildlife.Karen: So do you think we are interfering too much with nature? Jim: Obviously farmers these days need to produce enough food at a reasonable price.But I think the problem is that modern agriculture encourages the use of a unlimited numbers of species of each crop.Some traditional varieties of apples or grains, for example, are becoming extinct.The new varieties of seed they sell need pesticides and fertilizers and aren’t as resilient to pests as many tradition varieties.And they don’t always produce higher yields for farmers.Karen: And how about wild life? Jim: Well, modern agriculture sometimes kills off wildlife which it also needs for its own survival.In order to bear fruit, 75 percent of flowering plants need to be pollinated.This is traditionally done by bees, butterflies and birds whose populations are actually declining Honey bees are essential for more than 90 commercially grown crops.Farmers in California, for example, now have to release millions of bees to pollinate their almond trees.Karen: So what in your opinion is the answer?

Jim: Going back to more traditional ways of farming.Small-scales farms are producing a variety of crops and working with nature.Farmers can leave some land uncultivated to create ?wildlife corridors?.This will provide a habitat for a variety of traditional plants as well as for the bees and insects needed to pollinate them.Another solution is planting indigenous，or local species.For example, in Africa researchers are encouraging farmers to plant a local wild species of mango that actually produces fruit in four years.Most cultivated varieties take 12 years.People are also starting seed banks to conserve local varieties of plants for the future.Karen: And is there anything ordinary people can do to help? Jim: Well, there are several practical things we can all do that will help, for example… 凱倫：吉姆，你當農民已經很久了。你能解釋一下耕作方式是如何改變的嗎？

吉姆：嗯，在過去，大多數農業是小規模的和勞動集約化的，且從世界范圍看是于自然和諧共處的。但在過去的五十年間，事情已經發生了巨大變化，特別是在工業世界中。現在世界上的百分之四十一的耕地是集中管理的。

凱倫：那么這在實際耕作中代表著什么呢？

吉姆：你看，現在大部分農場有較高的生產力，在某種意義上是一件好事。然而，這也意味著在大片土地上種植著同種作物。不使用籬笆卻使用化學殺蟲劑和化肥。這對生態系統造成了負面的影響，破壞了自然植被和當地的野生動物。

凱倫：那你覺得我們是不是對自然的干擾過多了？

吉姆：顯然，目前農民需要生產足夠的食物并在合理的價格內出售。但我認為問題是，現代農業鼓勵對各種作物品種的無限量使用。一些傳統的糧食品種，例如蘋果或谷物，正處于滅絕的過程中。他們出售的新品種的種子需要殺蟲劑和化肥，抗蟲性不如傳統品種強，并且它們通常不是高產作物。凱倫：那么野生動物的情況又是怎樣的？

吉姆：嗯，現代農業有時殺死那些和自身發展有關的野生動物。為了結果，百分之七十五的開花植物需要授粉。這通常都是通過蜜蜂，蝴蝶和鳥類來完成的，但是實際上它們的數量正在減少中。蜜蜂對超過九十種經濟作物都是至關重要的。例如在加利福尼亞州的農民，現在不得不放養上萬只的蜜蜂來保證他們杏樹的收成。凱倫：那么您認為答案是什么？

吉姆：回到更傳統的農耕方式。小規模的農場能生產出多種作物并促成與自然的和諧共處。農民可以少開墾一些土地，為野生生物提供住所。這將為傳統植物以及需要用來授粉的蜜蜂和昆蟲提供棲息地。另一種解決方法是種植具有代表性的或是本地的物種。例如，在非洲，研究人員鼓勵農民種植當地的一種野生芒果，這種芒果實際需要四年來結果。而現在大多數種的芒果需要經過十二年結果。人們也開始使用種子銀行來為未來保存自己本地的植物。凱倫：那么普通人可以做些什么呢？

吉姆：嗯，有許多我們可以幫得上的，例如……

UNIT5 INSIDE VIEW Conversaion1 A:I love Chinese,but is the food around here typical? J:Well,it depends what you mean by typical.This is mostly Cantonese food from the south,excepet for the roast duck,which is from Beijing.But it is different from the food where I come from in the northeast.A:And which is better? J:Er,well,in my opinion,I think~ Oh,look,here he comes.Hi,Tony.T:Hi,Li Hui,ni hao.J:Ni hao.Tony,this is Andy,my colleage.A/T:Hi.J:We were wondering if we could ask you some questions about life in Chinatown.A:I don’t know if Janet’s told you,but we are doing a series of reviews on ethnic restaurants here in London for London Time Off.T:Ok,I see.A:And the thing is,everyone eats Chinese and Indian food,but we want to put a bit of background and history on the website.Are you up for this? T:Ok,fire away.A:What I suggest is,if you’ve got time,we will do some filming around here,and then we will put the research together back at thestudio.A:Janet,are you ready with the sound this time? J:Ok.A:Just remember to keep the needle out of the red zone.And don’t forget to stop us if there’s too much background noise.J:Ok,thanks.A:Tony,you work here in Chinatown.Do you live here as well? T:No,in fact,very few Chinese actually live in Chinatown.A:And in comparison with Chinatown in say,San Francisco or Sydney,is it larger or smaller? T:I would say it’s much smaller.Really.It’s only three or four streets.A:And the business here,is it mostly restaurant trade? T:Yes,as well as the supermarkets,which stock produce from China.A:我喜歡中國菜，但這附近有代表性的食物嗎？

J:嗯，這取決于你說的典型是什么意思。除了北京烤鴨，這里大多是中國南方的廣東菜。但這里的廣東菜和我家鄉的東北菜不同。A:你認為哪里的更好吃呢？

J:嗯，我認為~ 喔，你看，他來了。嗨，Tony!T:嗨！李慧，你好！

J:你好，Tony！他是我的同事Andy.A/T:嗨。

J:我們在想你是否可以回答我們一些關于唐人街生活的問題。

A:我不知道Janet是否告訴你了，但我們是在為London Time Off做一系列的有關倫敦異國風味餐廳的評論文章。T：好的，我明白了。

A:話說，每個人都吃中國菜和印度菜，但我們想在網上放一些有關的文化背景和歷史知識。你能幫助我們嗎？

T:沒問題，你問吧。

A：如果你有時間的話，我建議我們在這附近來錄一段短片，等回工作室后將調查材料整合在一起。A:Janet,這一次調好聲音了嗎？ J:好了。

A:記得把圖標移開紅色區域。如果背景噪音太大，記得叫停。J:好的，謝謝你的提醒。

A:Tony,你在唐人街工作，那你也在這住嗎？ T：不住這，事實上，很少中國人真正住在這。

A:和舊金山或悉尼的唐人街相比，倫敦的唐人街更大還是更小呢？ T:更小，真的，這里只有三四條街。A:這里的商業活動大多是餐廳生意嗎？ T:是的，還有賣中國貨的超市。

Conversation2 A:So where do you call home? T:Like lots of people,my grandparents came from Hong Kong in the 1950’s.But I’m a British-born Chinese.So I guess this is home now.A:So how long has here been a Chinese community in London? T:For 200 years.When the Chinese first came to London,they arrived as sailors,so they lived in the East End by the Docks.A:And how did they make their living? T:restaurants mostly,but they were also famous for running laundries.A:And why did Chinesetown move over here? T:At the start of the 20th century,some of them move to the West End,which is the entertainment district to open Chinese restaurants.And gradually,the Chinese from all over the London met friends and did business here.A:And does it still feel like a traditional Chinese community? T:Oh,sure.You saw the Chinese gateway and we celebrate Chinese New Year along with the Chinese all over the world.A:Thanks.T:You are welcome.A:How is it going,Janet? J:It’s fine,that’s about three minutes of material.A:Ok.Let’s wind it up.Tony,thank you very much,that was really interesting.Very grateful.T:No problem.Now,are you hungry?How about some dimsum and crispy roast duck? J:Sounds great.I’m starving,thanks.T:Don’t mention it.Let’s go back to my restaurant.A:Sure,I’m starving too.All this talk about food,thanks,Tony!T:You’re welcome!A:那你認為哪里才是你真正的家？

T:嗯，像很多人一樣，我的祖父母在二十世紀五十年代從香港來到這里。但我是一個在英國出生的中國人，所以我現在把這里看成是我的家。A:華人聚集在倫敦有多久了呀？

T:兩百年了。中國人第一次來到這里是以海員的身份來的，所以他們住在東區碼頭。A:那他們是如何謀生的？

T:大多是靠開飯店，但他們也以經營干洗店出名。A:那為什么唐人街搬到這里？

T:二十世紀初，他們中的一些人搬到了西區，到那片娛樂區開中餐館。漸漸地，來自倫敦各地的中國人在這里約朋友，做生意。

A:現在的唐人街感覺還是個傳統的中國社區嗎？

T:當然是，你可以看到中國式大門，我們也會和來之世界各地的中國人一起來慶祝中國新年。A：謝謝你的回答。T:不客氣。A:怎么樣呀,Janet? J:很好，錄了大約三分鐘。

A:好，可以結束了。Tony,太感謝你了，你講得非常有趣，非常感謝！T:這沒什么。你們現在餓了嗎？吃些中式點心和香脆烤鴨怎么樣？ J:聽上去不錯，我現在餓壞了，謝謝你。T：別客氣，走吧，到我的餐廳去！

A:好的，我也好餓啊。關于所有的有關食物的談話，真的很感謝你，Tony！T:不用謝啦。

Outside view Part 1 We're taking a walk along this peaceful, quiet beach.Just the place to relax.But out there, at other beaches around the world, that's another story.Let's take a look.These sea lions fight to defend their territory.During the mating season, these elephant seals show aggression to establish dominance.People fight to defend their territory.In some situations, we’re used to it.We even expect it.When you’re on a crowded street, or trying to get into a crowded bus, other people are going to start shoving.It’s not always pleasant, but it’s not surprising when it happens.But what about here, on this lovely beach? There’s plenty of room for everyone to sit comfortably, enjoy the sun, and look at the ocean.Let’s say you’re sitting on the beach, it’s not too crowded, and someone comes up and put their stuff right in front of you.What would you do? A:?I’d be very angry and go over to them and tell them to move.?

B:? Maybe throw a little sand in their face and make them to move, I don’t know.? C:? If someone came and sat down in front of me on the beach, I would probably move my towel next to them and start a conversation.?

Now that’s take Jack out to the street.This is South beach in Miami.Getting a parking place in this neighbourhood can be really difficult.That’s because there’re too many cars and not enough space.And when space is limited, people can get a lot more aggressive.Our

producer is parked here in this very desirable parking spot.She’s going to wait until someone wants her parking space.There’s a lot of traffic, so she won’t have to wait too long.Yes!There’s someone now.我們正沿著這安寧平靜的海灘漫步。這里正是放松的好地方。但除這以外，在世界各地其他的海灘上，上演的是另一個不同的故事。讓我們好好看一看。

這些海獅們為了保衛它們的領地而戰斗。交配期間，這些象海豹展開激烈攻勢來確立自己的統治地位。人類也為了保衛領地而戰。在某些情況下，我們習以為常。我們甚至期望它。當你在一個擁擠的街上或費力擠上一輛已無立足之地的公交車，其他人就開始你推我擠。發生如此情況總讓人感到不愉快，但并不吃驚。然而，在如此宜人的海灘上，又是什么情況呢？這里有充足的空間讓每個人舒適地坐著盡情享受陽光和大海。假如當你正享受日光的沐浴時，這本不擁擠的海灘上卻出現了某些討厭的人，把他們的一堆物品就堆在你的面前。你會怎么做？ A:?我會非常生氣，走過去，告訴他們把東西拿開。?

B：?我不知道，也許會朝他們的臉灑一點沙子迫使他們挪開。?

C：?如果這海灘上有人走過來，在我面前坐下，我也許會把自己的毛巾移到他們旁邊，開始和他們聊天。?

現在，讓我們帶JACK到街區去轉轉。這里是邁阿密的南海灘。在附近找一個停車的地方是件非常困難的事。因為這邊沒有足夠的地方容納這么多車。當停車空間有限，人們會變得更加挑釁。我們的制片人已經停在了這非常稱心的停靠點。她正等著下一個需要她的停車點的人。這里車很多，所以她不需長久等待。是的！有人來了。

Part B A:? Leaving??

B:? Yeah, I’m leaving.? A:? Oh, great!?

She pulls out, and the minute she pulls out, Jack pulls in.What do you think the driver will do? Drive away? Or stop and confront Jack? C:? Hey!Hey!Come on, pal!That’s my spot, my parking spot!?

B:? Oh yeah? I didn’t see you in it.Well, looks like it’s my space now!Sorry!? C:? What’re you talking about , man ?You saw me, I was right there!? B:? You know, have you considered anger management counselling?? C:?I was right there!What’re you talking about??

B:? Ah, it’s now time for the sunny tunes of South Florida.? C:?I was right there.You saw me!?

B:? What? I’m sorry I can’t hear what you’re saying.?

C:? You saw me, come on!Do you like it when people do that crap to you??

B:? Great song, isn’t it？ I love this song.Do you have a hearing problem? You scream a lot.?

C:? No!You have… problem!? B:? Yeah.Whew!?

If you’re waiting to pull into a parking space and someone else sneaks right into it, what would you do? D:?I would beep my horn, I would roll down the window, and I would shout very rude things at them.?

E:? I would yell out the window and tell them to move!?

Aggression, it’s part of survival.Animals and humans need to be aggressive in order to survive.But how aggressive do we need to be? When do we fight? When do we give up and walk away? Those are the decisions that we all make everyday.A 要走？

B 對，我馬上離開。A 啊太好了

她驅車離開。她一走，JACK 停進來。你認為司機會怎么做？開走？或停下來和JACK對峙？ C 喂！喂！快點，討厭鬼，這是我的地方，我的停車點！

B 真的？我沒見你停在里面。嗯，現在看起來這好像是我的停車點了！對不起！C 你在說什么，年輕人？你看到我了，我就在那邊！B 聽我說，你有沒有考慮要接受憤怒情緒的控制服務？ C 我剛在那！你在說什么呀！

B 嗯，現在該欣賞佛羅里達州南部的陽光曲調。C 我剛就在那。你看到我了！

B 什么？對不起，我聽不見你在說什么。

C 算了吧，你看到我了！你難道喜歡別人對你做那垃圾控制服務？ B 真好聽的歌，不是嗎？我喜歡這首。你聽力有問題嗎？你一直在尖叫。C 不！你才有……毛病！B 是。呸！

如果你長時間等待的停車點被其他人偷占了，你會怎么做？ D 我會按喇叭，搖下窗，對他們罵臟話。E 我會喊叫讓他們離開！

攻擊，是生存技能的一部分。動物和人類為了生存都需要具有攻擊性。但是我們該如何把握進退呢？我們該什么時候打斗？我們該什么時候放棄離開？那些是我們每天都在做的決定。

Listening in 1 Today we’ll focus on two aspects of group behaviour.Firstly,how groups develop,and secondly,the roles individuals play within a group.It’s widely acknowledged that the performance of effective groups is often greater than the sum of the individuals in the group.This is due to what we call synergy-in other words,the extra energy and effevtiveness that people create when they work together.Early research in this field carried out in the 1930s by Elton Mayo discovered something that he called the ?Hawthorne effect?.The idea is that when individual know they are part of a study,their productivity automatically increases regardless of other factors,such as how much time or money they are given,for example.The research suggests that things like personal identity,self-esteem and the social context in which a group is working are really very important factors in improving the performance of individuals.If we move on to look at the nature of groups more closely,we find that groups have natural phasese that can help us understand their effectiveness.You have probably all had experience of working with other people in a group that,at firsl,wasn,t very productive.This phenomenon was studied by Tuckman in the 1960s,and he created a model to describe the stages of a group.The first stage is known as?Forming?which is when individual members get to know each other.This is followed by?Storming?when individual start to share their ideas and creative energy.The third phase is?Norming?where a group identity begins to form.The final stage

is?Performing?when individuals within the group work together.And it is at this stage that the group achieves results.Understanding these phases can help us ensure that members of a group work together to overcome early loner.The?Resource investigator?is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the?Monitorevaluator?is calm and serous and makes good,balanced decisions.The?Team worker?in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit.And the?Comleter-finisher?is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up and loose ends.To be effective,a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfill all these different roles.今天，我們將關注團隊合作的兩個方面。首先，團隊是怎樣發展形成的，再者，是每個個體在團隊中扮演的角色。人們普遍承認，有效率的團隊合作通常比組內個人工作成果的總和要好得多。這是由于一種被我們稱為協作的東西——即是當他們一起工作時產生的額外的能量和效率。

Elton Mayo在20世紀30年代在這個領域進行過早期的研究，他曾經發現了霍索恩效應。這個觀點是指當個體知道他們是研究小組的一部分時，他們的生產率不受比如他們被給定的時間或金錢其他因素影響，自動地提高了。這個調查表明著比如個性特征，自尊和一個團隊所工作的社會環境是提高個人工作表現非常重要的因素。

如果我們繼續進一步地去看團隊的本質，我們會發現團隊其自身的階段來幫我們了解它們的效率。大家或許都有過在一個團隊里和其他人一起工作的經驗，剛開始，不是很高效的。Tuckman曾在20世紀60年代研究過這個現象，他創造了一個模型來描述一個團隊的不同階段。

第一個階段被稱為?組建期?。這個時期中，單個的成員開始互相認識。緊隨其后的第二個階段是?激蕩期?，個體開始分享他們的想法和創造力。第三個階段是?規范期?，一個團隊的特性開始形成。最后一個階段是?執行期?，團隊內的個體開始一起工作。團隊正是在這個階段取得成果。明白這些階段能幫助我們確保團隊的成員一起工作，防止出現早期的獨行者。

外交家是團隊內總是有好奇心并且探索新設想的人，監督員冷靜嚴肅，是能做出較為平衡的決策的人。相形之下，凝聚者是一個能鼓動士氣，目標明確且敏感的團隊成員。完成者是一個盡責的完美主義者，關注細節，整合資源，完善成果。想要成為一個有效率的團隊，需要有各種各樣能勝任所有這些不同角色的成員。

Listening in 2 Today I'm reporting from Phuket in Southern Thailand.Parts of the island were devastated by the tsunami in 2004,and over 250 people lost their lives here.I've come back to see how one community has recovered.Here in the village of The Chat Chai,the rebuilding of the destroyed homes has been led by the international organazition Habitat for Humanity.About a year after the tsunami occurred,volunteers began building 36 new homes for local families.One villager,Somwang,is certainly very happy with the results.He used to live in a small hut on his two square metre plot of land near the sea.The local community wanted him to have a bigger home and despite the small size of his plot of land,they built him a three-storey house,which is now the tallest in the village.A happy ending to such a horrific tragedy.The rebuilding here has also had a positive effect on the local economy,because the earth bricks that were used to build the homes were produced in Khao Lak,another tsunami hit island——all part of a post-tsunami livelihood development project.Talking to people here,I've discovered that the project not only provided them with much needed shelter,but also the process has helped rebuild a spirit of community amongst them.A host

of foreign as well as local volunteers joined together to work in rebuilding the villagers' homes and lives,and even an American TV celebrity volunteered.The project has also been visited by former US president Jimmy Carter,who is an active supporter of Habitat for Humanity.He and his wife offer one week of their time every year to volunteer on construction projects around the world.It's certainly encouraging to see the strength of the human spirit and generosity of people who help others in times of need.Habitat for Humanity is continuing their work in the south of Thailand,helping poor local families and communities to improve their lives.Their “Save&Bulid” scheme encourages families to save 30 per cent of the cost of building or rebuilding their home.The charity then lends the family the rest of the money they need,and helps in the building of their new home.It's then paid for in monthly repayments of under ＄30,which supports those who want to build a better life for themselves.This is Marianne Harper reporting from Southern Thailand...我在泰國南部的普及島為大家做出今天的報道。在2004年，該島的部分遭受了海嘯的嚴重破壞，有250多人罹難。讓我們再回到這里，見證一個社區的重建。

這里是Chat Chai村莊，在?仁愛之家?國際組織的帶領下，人們重建了家園。在海嘯襲擊的一年之后，志愿者們開始為當地居民興建36所新房子。

一個叫Somwang的村民，對目前的生活非常地滿意。過去，他住在海邊的一個兩平方米的小陋屋。當地的社區想讓他有一個更大的家，盡管他所擁有的土地面積很小，他們還是為他建了一座三層的房子，現在這幢房子成為了全村最高的建筑。最終，一個可怕的災難迎來了一個完美的結局。

重建對當地的經濟也有積極的影響，因為用來修建房子的土磚產自另一個被海嘯襲擊過的小島寇立——以上所述都是海嘯后恢復生計發展計劃的一部分。

在和當地人交談中，我發現開發項目不僅為災民們提供了必要的避難所，而且重建的過程也讓他們重拾了團體精神。很多外國人和當地的志愿者們一起工作著，為重建村民的家園而努力。甚至一個美國電視名人也參與了志愿行動，美國前總統吉米卡特也參觀了開發項目，他是支持?仁愛之家?的積極分子。每年卡特夫婦都會花一周的時間在世界各地參與建設項目的志愿者服務工作。

令人深受鼓舞的是看到人類精神的力量和那些在他人需要幫助的時刻伸出援助之手的人們的慷慨無私。?仁愛之家?繼續著他們在泰國南部的工作，幫助當地貧窮的家庭和社區改善他們的生活。?儲蓄和建設?計劃鼓勵災災民們儲蓄下修建或重修房屋的支出的百分之三十。然后慈善組織將會借給他們需要的款項，并且幫助他們重建家園。每月的還款不到３０美元，這將有利于人們追求更好的生活。這是瑪麗哈珀從泰國南部發回的報導…

Unit 6 Inside View Conversation1 Janet:So tell me about Shakespeare's Gboble Theatre,Joe.It looks really old.Joe:In fact,it was only built in 1997,which was the home of Shakespeare's theatre company when he came to London in 1599.Janet:So what's the Globle made of? Joe:Well.the walls are made of wood,and it's got a thatched roof.Janet:Is that the kind of dried grass instead of tiles? Joe:That's right.In fact it's the first thatched building in London since the Great Fire of London in 1966.Janet:That's amazing.Joe:And inside it's just like the original stage.The audience stands in front of the stage.Janet:Are you serious?Aren't there any seats? Joe:Yes,there are some seats.but most people stand while they watch the play.So they get soaking wet when it rains.Actually the strangest thing is when you're watching Romeo and Juliet in 16th century Verona,and suddenly there's a plane passing over.Janet:that's extraoridnary!Joe:Yes,blows me away.Janet:And Andy tells me we've got a report to do on the summer season.Joe:Yes,that's right.During the winter,it's closed but in may the season starts again.Janet:When I think of Shakespeare.I usually think of Stratford-upon-Avon.Where is Stratford-upon-Avon? Joe:It's about 130 kilometres from London.Yes that's where he was born,and it's still the home of Royal Shakespeare Company.But I kind of see him as a London hero,because it's here that he became the greatest playwriter the world has ever known.Janet:You really think that? Joe:I sure do.Let's get back to the studio and edit this.Janet:Joe告訴我一些關于莎士比亞Gbloble劇院的事，它看起來真的非常的古老。Joe:事實上，它只是建于1997。當莎士比亞于1599年來到倫敦時它是莎士比亞劇團的家。Janet:那Gboble劇院是由什么建成的？ Joe:它的墻是由木頭建的，它有個茅草屋頂。Janet：是那種干草而不是瓷磚么? Joe:是的。事實上，自從1966年倫敦大火以來它是在倫敦的第一個茅草建筑物。Janet:太驚人了。

Joe：它的內部就像是原始的舞臺。觀眾們站立在舞臺的前面。Janet:你是開玩笑的么？那兒沒有座位么？

Joe：有。那里有一些座位，但大多數的人都站著看戲劇。所以當下雨的時候他們都全身濕透了的。事實上最最奇怪的是：當你在19世紀的維羅納劇院看羅密歐與朱麗葉時飛機呼嘯而過。Janet:太神奇了！

Joe:是啊。太不可思議了。

Janet:Andy告訴我說我們在夏季有報導要做。

Joe:是的。在冬季劇院是關閉的但是五月時它再次開放。

Janet：當我想到莎士比亞時我通常想到斯特拉特福。斯特拉特福在哪里呢？

Joe:它距倫敦大約130公里。莎士比亞就出生在那里，同時它也是皇家莎士比亞劇團的誕生地。我總是把他看成是倫敦的英雄，因為他正是在倫敦成了世界所熟知的偉大的戲劇家。Janet：你真那么想么？

Joe：那是當然。我們回到工作室去編輯吧。

Conversation2 Janet:So when was Shakespeare born? Joe:In 1564.Janet:And when did he die? Joe:In 1616.Janet:And when did he come to London? Joe:We don't know exactly,but some time between 1585 and 1592.Janet:And what did he do in London? Joe:He joined a group of actors,and wrote some of his most famous plays.such as Hamlet,The Merchant of Venice.and Romeo and Juliet.Janet:So what happend to him later in his life? Joe:Well,in 1603.Queen Elizabeth died,and theatre became less popular.And then the Globe Theatre burned down Janet:And what was the last play he wrote? Joe:It was The Tempest-it's often thought that the character of Prospero.the magician,was based on himself.Janet:And does the Royal Shakespeare Company still perform plays in London.Joe:Both in Straford and London,and they also tour all over the country.I reckon there are about seven or eight Shakespeare plays on in the West End at the moment Janet:Why do you think he's still so popular? Joe:What I think is great about Shakespeare is that the plays make audiences think.And that makes the audience feel good.Janet:And is it the same in the States? Joe:Maybe not so much.But there's huge respect for Shakespeare's plays on Broadway.I suppose it's because he's still very relevant to audiences today.Janet:Joe,you know so much about Shakespeare!I'm really stunned!Well,I guess I've seen most of them at one time or another.Andy:Sorry I'm late.Joe:Better once than never,for never too late.Andy:What? Joe:Taming of the Shrew.Act 5 Scene1.Better late than never.Andy:Have you finished the edit?Let's upload it onto the website.Janet：莎士比亞什么時候出生的？ Joe:1564年。

Janet：他什么時候死的？ Joe：在1616年。

Janet：那他什么時候來到倫敦？

Joe：我們無法確切的知道，但應該是在1585到

1592之間的某個時間。Janet:他在倫敦干什么？

Joe:他加入一個表演隊，寫了部分他最出名的戲劇，如：哈姆雷特、威尼斯商人、羅密歐與朱麗葉。Janet：那在莎士比亞生活的后期發生了什么呢？

Joe：在1603年，伊麗莎白女王去世后戲院最得不那么流行了。接著Globe劇院也被燒毀了。Janet:莎士比亞最后寫的戲劇是什么? Joe:是暴風雨。人們經常認為其中魔術普洛斯彼羅這個角色就是以莎士比亞自已塑造的。Janet:那皇家莎士比亞劇團在倫敦還繼續表演戲劇么？

Joe：斯特拉福德和倫敦都有，他們也演出遍全國。我估計此刻在West End劇院大約有七到八個莎士比亞戲劇正在上演。

Janet：你認為為什么他那么的出名？

Joe：我認為莎士比亞的偉大之處在于他的戲劇讓觀眾們得到思考，這使得觀眾們感到很好。Janet:這在美國也一樣么？

Joe：也許不全都吧。但是在百老匯有一批對莎士比亞戲劇抱有敬意的人。我猜那是因為他現在還跟觀眾緊密相連。

Janet：Joe你對莎士比亞懂得真多。我真是驚呆了。好吧，我猜我在某時曾看到他們在的大多數。Andy：對不起。我遲到了。

Joe：晚來總比不來的好，永遠沒有為時已晚。Andy：什么？

Joe：馴悍記第5章第1幕。晚總比從不來得好。Andy：你們完成編輯了么？讓我們上傳到互聯網吧。

Outside View Host: Three American cyclists who only have three real legs between them are cycling through Oxford on a trek from Scotland to Greece.The trio sponsored by Otto Bock USA all have prosthetic limbs and are hoping the challenge will raise awareness of the diversity of designs available.Six TV caught up with Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret and Brad Kennedy earlier on today.Cyclist: Yeah it's a little tough, I don’t like cycling.But you know, if we can, you know help somebody, motivate somebody to get back to an active lifestyle and put their mind to something good, it’s all worth it.Reporter: And so what's really the point of this trip? Cyclist: To raise awareness of the abilities of those with disabilities.If you’ve lost a limb doesn't mean you sit on a couch.You can still be active;you can lead a healthy lifestyle.And you can do challenges that you may have always wanted to do when you were fully healthy and with two legs.Reporter: And the trip is 2500 miles from Glasgow to Athens.How are you guys coping? Cycling: Oh, I think we're doing really well.We’re still in the, this is the first week of riding.We’re conditioning, we're getting used to the--，we've had spectacular weather, it’s been, I mean ,we got sunburnt in Scotland.It’s, we’re, we’re getting accustomed to life on the road and every day our pace is increasing and we're getting stronger.So I think it’s, it’s marvelous.Reporter: And will you, when you get to Athens, what’s your plan there?

Cyclist: Hopefully take a little time to rest, relax vacation a little bit, and maybe throw the bike in the ocean, just the good things in life.Reporter: And what's been the worst, most difficult thing you've come acrossed so far? Cyclist: We've had some very challenging weather and some challenging hills.But We’ve actually enjoyed all of it.It’s been difficult but I think all of the Riding has been good.Reporter: And how are the legs holding up? Cyclist: Oh great!Now we always say that our prosthetic limbs are the ones that are doing fabulous.It’s, it’s the, it’s the, as we refer to, the meat leg that, that might, might be a little weaker.But everybody's riding really strongly and they're just, just performing

marvelously.主持人：三名只有三條腿的自行車愛好者正在進行一個從蘇格蘭到希臘的艱苦騎行。這個被OttoBock 贊助的三人組都裝有假肢，他們希望通過這個挑戰可以提高對多種才能的意識。六套記者在今天早些時候采訪了Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret和 Brad Kennedy 騎行者：是的，它確實有點艱難，我不喜歡騎車。但是你要知道，如果我們可以幫助一些人，刺激一些人回到原來的有活力的生活方式中，并且將他們的思想集中在積極的事情上。所有的這些都是值得的。記者：那么你們此行的真正目的是什么? 騎行者： 提高殘疾人對自身能力的認識。失去了一只胳膊并不意味這你只能坐在長椅上。你依然可以是活躍的，你可以擁有一個健康的生活方式。你可以做一些當你在完全健康時候一直就想接受的挑戰。記者：從格拉斯哥到雅典的旅途一共要2500英里，你們要怎么應付這么長的行程？

騎行者：哦，我覺得我們狀態很好。我們正在進行第一周的騎行。我們正在進行調整，逐漸習慣這種驚人的天氣，就像在蘇格蘭，我們都被曬傷了。我們逐漸習慣這種在路上的生活，我們的速度每天都在提高，每天都在變強。所以我想這很了不起。記者：那么當你們到雅典后，你們有什么計劃嗎？

騎行者：希望可以花一點時間休息，放松，度假，也許會把自行車扔到大海里。就做一些生活中比較美好的事情。

記者：至今為止，你們面對的最壞的最困難的事情是什么？

騎行者：我們遇到了非常有挑戰性的天氣和山脈。但是，我們很享受這個過程。雖然騎行很困難但是我感覺很好。

記者：那你們的腿還適應嗎？

騎行者：當然。我們現在可以說我們的假肢感覺很棒。雖然比真的腿要弱，但是我們每個人都騎得很有力，這些假肢真的很不可思議。

Listening in Passage1 A US Airways jet landed in the icy Hudson River in New York this afternoon after apparently hitting a flock of geese.Miraculously,no one was killed and there were few injuries.James Moore,our correspondent at the scene,has more.An Airbus 330 took off from La Guardia Airport.New York,at 3:26pm this afternoon,bound for Charlotte Airport in North Carolina.It had 155 people aboard.Thirty to 45 seconds after take-off,a flock of geese apparently flew into the plane,causing it to lose power in both engines and one engine to catch fire.Without power the plane was unable to return to La Guardia Airport and the pilot decided to land in the Hudson River in order to avoid crashing in a populated area.Two minutes later the plane made a successful landing in the Hudson and passengers were able to climb out through the emergency exits.The plane immediately started taking in water but fortunately water taxis and boats that had seen the crash were waiting by the aircraft.Passengers and crew stood on the wings of the plane in the icy cold water and were helped into the boats.Over the next hour,as New York watched the event on television,everyone on the plane,including a baby,were taken to hospitals for treatment,mostly because of the extreme cold,Their injuries are not reported to be serious.One of the passengers,Alberto Panero,said people had bugun praying as the plane approached the river but that everyone had stayed clam.The pilot of the plane has been named as Chesley Sullenberger.Aged 57,he has 29 years experience

of flying and at one time had been a US fighter pilot.Sullenberger was the last to leave the plane and walked up and down it twice to make sure it was empty before climbing out.He has already been described as a hero.The Governer of New York,David patersm,said at a news conference this afternoon,?I believe now we've had a miracle on the Hudson.This pilot,somehow without any engines,was somehaw able to land this plane and perhaps without any injuris to the passengers.?

It is thought that the survival of all on board is because the plane did not break up when it hit water and because of the immediately arrival of the water taxis and boats.今天下午，一架美國航線噴射機在碰撞上了一群鵝后迫降在冰冷的哈德孫河上，但奇跡般的沒有一個喪生只有少數人受傷。我們在現場的記者詹姆斯穆爾將會做更詳盡的報道。

這架空客330在紐約時間下午3點26分從拉瓜地亞機場出發飛往北卡羅萊納州的夏洛特機場，機上共有155人，起飛30到45秒后，一群鵝撞上了飛機，導致飛機的兩個引擎都熄火了，其中一個著火。沒有了動力飛機無法返回拉瓜地亞機場因此為了使飛機不墜毀在有人居住的地區飛行員決定降落在哈德孫河上。兩分鐘以后，飛機成功地降落，乘客們能夠從緊急出口爬出飛機。盡管飛機很快進了水，但幸運的是，許多目睹了撞擊的水上巴士和船都在飛機旁邊等候。機上乘客和工作人員站在機翼上浸在冰冷的河水里然后被救上船。一個小時以后，當紐約人民在電視里看到這場事故時，主要是極度寒冷的關系。機上的每一個人，包括一個小嬰兒都被送到醫院接受治療，他們的傷勢據說并不嚴重。其中一個乘客阿爾貝托，帕內羅說，當飛機接近河的時候人們都開始祈禱但是所有的人都保持了鎮靜。

這架飛機的飛行員名叫切斯里，撒倫伯格爾，今年57歲，有著29年的飛行經驗而且曾一度擔任過美國戰斗機飛行員，撒倫伯格爾是最后一個離開飛機的，而且在爬出去以前他從上上下下下在機艙內走了兩遍以確保機艙空無一人，他現在已經稱為英雄。紐約市長大衛，佩特森在今天下午的新聞發布會上說：?我相信現在我們有了一個哈德孫河上的奇跡，無論怎樣，這位飛行員在沒有任何發動機的情況下，能夠使飛機安全降落而且幾乎沒有乘客傷亡。

現在普遍認為由于飛機碰撞到河水時沒有裂開而且水上巴士和船只及時趕到，才有了機上乘客全部生還的奇跡。

Passage 2 Streets Full of Heroes A:Hi,we are asking people who their personal hero is.Someone they really admire and who’s inspired them in some way.B:Oh,right.Interesting.A:Can you tell us a bit about yourself? B:Sure.My name is Paul Smith.I worked at London zoo.A:London zoo? Really? B:Yes,I’m a zoo keeper.I look after the elephants.A:Elephants?what a great job!So who is your hero, Paul? B:I’ve got quite a few heroes.But I guess my biggest hero is Al Gore.A:The American politician.So why him? B:Well,he is the guy who made people take climate change seriously.A:You are referring to the film An Inconvenient Truth, I take it? B:That’s right.That film proved to people with statistics and graphs, that kind of thing---that climate change was happening and that it’s man-made.Before that ,most people believed it was just a few crazy scientists who thought it was happening.A:You work with animals.Do you worry about the effect of the climate on animals? B：Sure，I do.All these species are going to become extinct.It’s terrible.A：It is.Would you say Al Gore’s been an inspiration to you? B:Yes,I would.He’s taught me about importance of taking action when you see something that needs to be done.I do volunteer work for Greenpeace---quite a lot actually.That’s the way I do my bit.A:Greenpeace?Excellent.Thanks,Paul.Hi,what’s your name? C:Clare hope.A:What do you do? C:Well,I’m a mum with two young kids and I work part-time as an accountant for the Red Cross.A:We’re asking people who their personal hero is and if they’ve inspired them in any way.C:That’s an easy one.Melinda Gates, she’s my hero.A:Why is that? C:Well,she is Bill Gates’ wife, one of the richest people in the world.You know ,she could so easily do nothing, just enjoy her money.And instead she co-founded the um… Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and I think that it’s called---and it is one of the biggest private charity organization in the world.It’s donated more than 280 million dollars to various good causes.A:More than 280 million dollars? Now that’s a lot of money.She is very active in it, isn't she? C:Oh yeah, she is a director.Flies all over the world.A:Do you do any work for charity? C:I make phone calls for Save the Children, asking people to donate.She is a real inspiration, Melinda gates。

A:你好，我們正在調查人們心目中的英雄都是誰。某個他們真的敬仰的以及已經在某些方面上鼓舞他們的人。

B:哦很好，很有趣。

A:你能告訴我們一點關于你自己的情況嗎？ B:當然，我叫保羅史密斯。我在倫敦動物園工作。A:倫敦動物園？真的嗎？

B:是，我是一名動物園飼養員。我照顧大象。

A:大象？多偉大的一份工作啊。誰是你心中的英雄，保羅？

B:我心里擁有相當多的英雄，但是我想最大的英雄應該是艾爾戈爾。A:那個美國政治家，那么為什么是他呢？ B:恩，他是那個使人們嚴肅對待氣候變化的人。A:你參考了那部電影，難以忽視的真相，我說的對吧？

B:是的。那部電影用統計的數據和圖表等這類的資料向人們證明了氣溫變化正在發生而且那是人類造成的。在這之前，大多數人們認為這僅是一些瘋狂的科學家認為它在發生而已。A:你從事動物工作。那你會擔心氣候對動物的影響嗎？

B:當然，我會的。所有的這些都物種即將會滅絕了。這很糟糕。A:的確是這樣。你會說艾爾已經對你來說成為一名鼓舞人心的人了嗎？

B:是的，我會。他教會我當你看到一些事情需要被做的時候就要采取行動的重要性。事實上，我為綠色和平組織做了很多的志愿工作。這是我盡我一點貢獻的方式。A:綠色和平組織？非常好。謝謝你保羅。你好，你叫什么名字？

C:克萊爾賀普 A:您是做什么的？

C:恩，我是一個有兩個小孩子的媽媽。而且我兼職為紅十字會做會計。

A:我們正在調查人們心目中的英雄都是誰而且他們是否已經以任何一種方式鼓舞到人們。C:這很簡單。梅琳達蓋茨，她是我心中的英雄。A:為什么呢？

C:她是世界首富之一的比爾蓋茨的夫人。你知道，她什么都不用做就能簡單地享受她的錢財。然而她合創了Bill 和Melinda gates基金會，我認為是這么這樣稱呼的。而且這是世界最大的私人慈善組織之一。它已經捐獻了超過280,000,000美元為各種各樣的慈善的原因。

A:超過280，000,000美元？現在這是很大一筆錢啊。她非常的積極投身于慈善事業，不是嗎？ C:哦，是的。她是一名主管。會飛往全球各個地方。A:你為慈善做過什么工作嗎？

C:我在救助兒童會中負責打電話，號召人們捐獻。梅琳達蓋茨真的是一個鼓舞人心的人。

Unit 7 Inside View Conversation 1 Andy:Oh,there you are.Right,Are you ready? Janet:I'm ready.Where are we going? Andy:First of all,we need to go back to the studio and collect the equipment.Then we're off to one of my favorite places as a kid.Janet:Where is that? Andy:The Science Museum.I used to spend nearly all of my school holidays there.Janet:But why today? Andy:Tonight ,actually,there's a Science Night.Janet:Science Night? What's that? Andy:Science activities for kids.They spend the evening exploring

the museum and doing scientific experiments.And then they get their sleeping bags and camp there for the night.Janet:Sounds like a lot of fun.What else did they do? Andy:The following morning,they have breakfast and then they visit the rest of the museum before it opens to the public.Janet:Oh.I’d love to go.How did you find out about that? Andy:It's advertised on their website.I thought we could do a feature on it for our website.Janet:Sounds like a great way to get kids interested in science.Where exactly is it? Andy:It's a couple of miles away from here.In fact,there are quiet a lot of museum around there.There’s the Victory and Albert Museum for design and fashion,the Nature History Museum,where they have this huge dinosaur...Janet:I'd love to see that!Andy:OK,tonight the wonders of science!And tomorrow morning we'll go hunting dinosaurs.Janet:OK,let's go.Andy:There's no hurry.There’s plenty of time to finish your drink....Andy:Was that long enough? 安迪:噢,你在這啊。對了,你準備好了嗎 珍妮:我準備好了。我們要去哪兒

珍尼特:那是哪兒

安迪:科學博物館。我幾乎把所有的學校假期都花在那兒了。珍尼特:但是為什么是今天呢

安迪:實際上,今天那兒有一個科學之夜。珍尼特:科學之夜 那是什么

安迪:孩子們的科學活動。他們晚上在那兒探索博物館，做科學實驗。然后他們拿著睡袋在那里露營過夜。珍妮特:聽起來好象很有趣。他們還做些什么呢

安迪:第二天早上。吃完早餐，他們就在博物館向公眾開放之前，觀看博物館其它的部分。珍尼特:哦。我很想去。您是如何了解到有關事情的

安迪:它就發布在他們網站上。我想我們可以在我們網站上為它做一個專題。珍尼特:聽起來像是個讓孩子們對科學感興趣的好方法。那么博物館到底在哪里

安迪:它距這兒幾英里遠,事實上，許多博物館都在那里。有展示設計和時尚的維多利亞和阿爾伯特博物館，還有有著巨大恐龍的自然歷史博物館,…… 珍妮:我很想去看看!安迪:好吧,今晚見識下科學的神奇明天，早上我們就去尋找恐龍。珍尼特:好吧,咱們走吧。

安迪:別著急。我們有充裕的時間讓你喝完你的飲料。

……

安迪:時間足夠了嗎? 安迪:首先,我們需要回到工作室去拿設備。然后我們去一個我小時候最喜歡的地方。

Conversation 2 Janet:So tell me more about the Science Museum.Why is it so special ? Andy:Well,have a look.It’s got everything to do with science,from steam engines to space capsules.It has a number of halls,which focus on different aspects of science.Janet:What's this one? Andy:That's the Energy Hall,which explains the history of power,from engines,to steam power,to electricity...Janet:And I suppose this is the Space Hall? Andy:That's right.There’s a collection of early rockets,all the way to present-day space rockets,and satellites and telescopes.Janet:Sounds fascinating.Andy:Then there are sections on agriculture,computing,the history of flight...Janet:And they have exhibitions for kids? Andy:Yes,absolutely!In the basement,there are lots of scientific.experiments for them to try out.Janet:Wow, I'm not surprised you enjoy it so much.When do you want to leave ? Andy:The first you have to do is go home and get your sleeping bag.Janet:So we're really gonna stay the night with the children ? Andy:You got it!It's gonna be great fun.While you're getting your sleeping bag,I'll just go and get some sandwiches to take with us.Joe:Hi there,where are you two off to? Janet:We're going to spend the night together.Joe:You're what? Andy:It's OK,Joe.We’re spending the night together at the Science Museum.Anyway, got to dash.Janet:It's Science Night tonight.Joe:Science Night? Andy:Must rush,Joe,speak soon , bye!珍尼特:那么多告訴我一些關于科學博物館的事。為何它如此特別呢

安迪:嗯,你看看。它的一切都與科學相關，從蒸汽引擎到空太空密封倉。它有很多關于科學不同方面的展廳。

珍尼特:這是什么？

安迪:那是能源展廳,它解釋了能源的歷史,從簡單工具到蒸汽動力，再到電力… 珍妮:我想這是太空館

安迪:沒錯。這兒收藏著一些早期的火箭,一直到現今的太空火箭，人造衛星和太空望 遠鏡。珍尼特:聽起來令人著迷。

安迪:那些是關于農業，計算機使用，飛行歷史的部分。珍尼特:他們有為小孩子開辦的展覽嗎？

安迪:當然!在地下室里,有許多科學實驗可以讓他們試做。

珍尼特:天啊,我現在一點都不吃驚你樂在其中.你想什么時候離開 安迪:首先，你所要做的就是回家,把你的睡袋拿來。珍尼特:,我們真的要與孩子們在這里過夜嗎

安迪:答對了!這肯定會很有趣。當你去拿你的睡袋的時候,我就去買一些三明治帶著。喬:喂,你們兩個去哪

珍尼特:我們打算一起過夜。喬:你們做什么

安迪:沒什么,喬。我們晚上一起待在科學博物館。好了，該走了。珍尼特:這是科學之夜。喬:科學之夜

安迪:必須走了,喬。再見!

Outside View Computers are a very important part of our lives.They tell us about delays to transport.They drives trains ,analyze evidence and control buildings.Did you know that 60 per cent of homes in Britain have got a PC(a personal computer)?For many young people,playing computer games is their favourite way of spending their spare time.Computers are a very important part of most areas of life in Britain-libraries,the police and in school.But they are becoming more important in our homes as well.They’ll even control the way we live-in?smart homes?or computer-controlled houses.The smart home is now a real possibility.It will become very common.A centrol computer will adjust the temperature,act as a burglar alarm and switch on lights,ready for you to come back home.And of course you will be able to give new instructions to the computers from your mobile phone.So if your plans change,you home will react to match.Many homes have got a lots of televisions and several computers.The smart home will provide TV and Internet sockets in every room,so you’ll be able to do what you want wherever you want.If the temperature outside changes,the smart home will adjust the temperature levels inside.The computer will also close the blinds when it get dark or to stop too much sun entering a room.And if you want to eat when you get home,the computer will turn the oven on for you!Are computers taking over our lives?In a survey,44 per cent of young people between 11 and 16 said their PC was a trusted friend.Twenty per cent said they were happier at their computer than spending time with family or friends.Another survey found that people in Britain spend so much time on the phone,texting and reading emails that they no longer have time for conversation.What do you think about that? 電腦是我們生活的一個非常重要的組成部分。它們告訴我們交通的晚點，它們駕駛火車，分析案件的證據還有控制建筑。你知道嗎？，在英國百分之60的家庭擁有個人電腦。對于很多年輕人來說，玩電子游戲是他們最喜歡來消遣空閑的方式。在大多數地區的英國圖書館，警署和學校，電腦是日常工作和生活的很重要的一部分。然而，電腦對于家庭來說也正在變得越來越重要。它甚至會控制我們在?智能房子?或者說是電腦操控的房子的生活方式。智能房子現在真的很有可能。這將會變得很常見。一臺中央計算機將會調控溫度，充當自動報警鈴和控制燈的開關，準備迎接你的回家。當然你可以通過你的手機向計算機發出新的指示。所以如果你的計劃改變了，家里面的電腦會自動調節去配合變化。很多家庭都有很多電視機和幾臺電腦，智能房子在每個房間里都會配有電視和網路插口，這樣的話你就可以在你喜歡的地方做你想做的事了。如果外面 的溫度有變化了，智能房子將會調節內部的溫度。當天暗下來或者為了減少進入房間的陽光的時候，計算機也會拉下百葉窗。還有如果當你回到家的時候想吃點什么，計算機會為你打開微波爐！

是電腦接管我們的生活了嗎?在一個調查中在11到16歲的年輕人中，百分之44 的說他們的個人電腦是一個忠實的朋友。百分之20的說相比于和家人朋友一起，和他們的電腦在一起更快樂。另一個調查顯示在英國人們花費太多的時間在電話，測試，讀電子郵件上以至于他們沒有時間來聊天。你對于這些怎么認為呢？

Listening In Part I When you have a biscuit with your cup of tea do you dunk it?And if so what is the perfect way to do it?That's the subject of today's Science in Action Report.It may be hard to believe,but scientists at the University of Bristol have been analyzing this question.And after a two-month study,they devised a mathematical formula for dunking biscuits.So no more melting chocolate,or biscuit crumbs in the bottom of your cup,which is the fate of one in four biscuits that are dunked in tea,according to research by a biscuit manufacturer.Doughnut bunkers don't face the same problems because doughnuts are held together with an elastic net of protein gluten.This substance allows the doughnut to absorb liquid without breaking down its structure.The structure of a biscuit,however,is held together by sugar which melts when placed in hot tea or coffee.So what is the answer?The researchers,led by Dr Len Fisher, discovered that holding the biscuit in a horizontal position-or“flat-on”-has a significant effect on the amount on the time of a biscuit can stay in hot liquid before falling apart.In fact this horizontal dunking results in a dunking time up to four times longer than traditional vertical dunking.What's the reason for this?It seems that the answer is related to diffusion,in other words,the length of time it takes for the liquid to penetrate the structure of the biscuit.Basically it takes longer for the liquid to travel through the channels of a biscuit when it is laid flat on the surface of liquid.Also the fact that when a biscuit is dunked horizontally,with the biscuit submerged in the liquid ,and the chocolate coating staying out of the liquid,the chocolate helps hold the biscuit together.Another factor influencing the equation is the temperature of the tea-the hotter the tea,the faster the sugar melts.The researchers also found that by dunking a biscuit into tea or coffee,up to ten times more flavor is released than if the biscuit is eaten dry.So it's worth experimenting yourself.If you are wondering how you can perfect the horizontal dunk,the researchers have come up with an idea for a biscuit-holding device to make dunking biscuits easier.They are even now working on producing a table giving guidelines on dunking times for different types of biscuits.On that note,I think it's time to go off to the canteen for a tea break!

當你邊喝茶邊吃餅干的時候,你會不會把餅干放到茶水中浸一浸?如果你會浸一浸的話，你知道浸餅干最好的方法嗎?這是今天《科學在線》報告的主題。你可能很難相信，但是布里斯托爾大學的科學家們一直在研究分析這個問題。在經過了兩個月的研究之后，他們總結出了一個浸泡餅干的數學公式。根據餅干制作者的研究，那些被泡在茶水里的餅干，有四分之一不會在杯底殘留融化的巧克力和餅干碎屑。

浸泡炸面圈的人就不會面臨這樣的問題，因為炸面圈由有彈性的蛋白質面筋網結合而成，這些物質可以讓炸面圈吸收水分卻不破壞自身結構，然而餅干的結構卻是由糖分結合而成，糖分被放在熱咖啡或熱茶中是會融化的。

那么兩者不同的原因是什么呢,由萊思 費希爾博士帶領的研究者們發現把餅干放在一個水平的位置或者平放，對餅干可以存在于熱水中不破碎的時間有重要影響。事實上，這種水平浸泡餅干的方法導致餅干的浸泡時間是傳統的垂直浸泡的時間的五倍。

產生這種現象的原因是什么？答案似乎與滲透有關系，換句話說，就是與液體滲入餅干結構當中所需要的時間有關。一般來說，當餅干平放在液體表面時，液體需要更多的時間進入餅干的機構當中。另外事實是當餅干水平浸入液體當中，并被浸沒而巧克力外衣卻在液體之外的時候，巧克力可以幫助維持餅干的結構。另一個影響這個反應式的因素就是茶水的溫度，溫度越高，糖分融化越快。研究者還發現，與干吃餅干相比，將餅干浸泡在茶或咖啡當中，有十倍多的味道會被釋放出來。所以值得你親身體驗一下。如果你想知道怎樣才能完美地水平浸泡你的餅干，研究著們已經產生一個想法去研究一種可以存放餅干的機器，使浸泡餅干更加容易。他們甚至正致力于研究出一種桌子，可以針對不同類型餅干的浸泡時間給出相應的指導.說到這,我認為是時候去餐廳喝茶休息一會了.Part II A: Hey, Louise!Look at this book about crop circles.Some of the photos are absolutely unbelievable.B: You don’t believe in all that stuff, do you, Peter?

A: I’m not saying I believe in UFOs and things.But some of the formations are fascinating.They’re made up of lots of the interconnected circles and geometrical shapes.You know, in the past few years, there have been more reports of then.The circles are getting larger and designs are getting more intricate…I’m sure that they can’t all be man-made.Think about it-they’re so complicated, and they appear night in the middle of fields of wheat, barley or corn.It’s definitely pretty weird.B: I know, but I saw a TV documentary about it.And they showed how a group of hoaxers made an elaborate crop circle in the field at night.Using wooden planks, ropes, plastic tubes, and a garden roller.They even fooled some of the people who believe in the paranormal.Aliens coming down in UFOs and creating them and so on.A: I’m sure lots of them are created by people just to get publicity but look here-it says ?The first records of crop circles get back as far as the 17th century.Since the 1917s, there have been of 12000 reports from countries all around the world, including Italy, America, South Africa, Australia and Brazil.Most reports are from here in England though.B: But surely that’s just because they get so much media coverage these days? So more people are making them.A: Perhaps.But how do you explain the fact that the actual chemical composition of the grains of crops inside the circles changes? Scientific tests have found they have a higher protein level.The stems of the grains have often been exposed to high temperatures.And they found that the soil outside.So far, the hoaxers haven’t been able to copy all these features.B: Well, I’m not a scientist but I’m pretty sceptical about all these so-called paranormal explanations.I remember in the programme I watched, the researchers found signs of human interference, such as holes in the earth and footprints.A: Come on…you must admit, that still leaves a lot which is unexplained!B: There’s lots of things that are hard to explain but this really.A：嗨，露易絲！看看這本關于麥田怪圈的書。其中的一些圖片真的是完全難以置信。B：你不會相信所有這樣的材料吧，彼得？

A：我不是說我相信UFO之類的事。但是一些陣型很迷人。他們是由大量的互聯圈和幾何形狀組成的。你知道,在過去的幾年中,已經有越來越多的報道。這些怪圈正在變得更大，這些設計也在變得更錯綜復雜。。我確信他們不可能全部是人為的。你想想---他們是這么復雜，而且他們又在晚上出現在種

著小麥、大麥、玉米的田野的中央。這絕對是非常奇怪的事。

B：我知道。但是我看了一個關于這個的電視紀錄片。他展示了一群騙子是怎樣在晚上用木板、繩子、塑料管和花園輥子在田野里制造一個煞費苦心的麥田怪圈。他們甚至愚弄一些相信超自然的人們，說是外星人從UFO上下來制造了怪圈之類的謊言。

A：我相信他們其中的一些是為了引起公眾注意而被人造的。但是看這里---它說?最早關于麥田怪圈的記錄可以追溯回十七世紀。從1917年，已經有來自全世界各地關于它的報道12000多次，包括意大利、美國、南非、澳大利亞和巴西，盡管更多的記錄是來自英國。

B：但是這正是因為最近他們得到如此多的媒體報道。所以更多的人們去制造怪圈。

A：或許吧。但是你怎么解釋在圈內的谷物的化學性質被改變這一事實呢？科學家們實驗發現這些谷物有更高級的蛋白質。谷物的莖經常被暴露在高溫下。同時他們還發現土壤外翻。截止現在，那些騙子們還不能復制所有的這些特點。

B：好吧，我不是科學家但是我對這些所謂的超自然解釋非常持懷疑態度。我記得我曾經看過的一個節目，調查者發現人類干擾的跡象，像地上的洞和腳印。A：拜托。你必須承認，它還有許多事情是無法解釋的！B：有很多事情是很難解釋的但是這個真的。。

Unit 8 Inside view Part 1 Janet:So do you come here often,Joe? Joe:Yes,most weekends.It’s the kind of thing a lot of Londoners do when they’ve got some time off.Janet:So do you feel like a Londoner,Joe? Joe:Yes,I think so.You don’t have to be born a Londoner to feel like one.Janet:Is it only open on Saturday? Andy:It’s open all week,but there are a lot more stalls open from Friday to Sunday.Janet:What time does it open? Joe:It’s open between 10 a.m.and 6 p.m.Janet:6 o’clock.That’s quite early!Joe:Well,after six,everyone goes out to the pubs and restaurants and the clubs.So it gets pretty lively in the evening.It’s a very trendy kind of place.Janet:And it’s got clothes and jewelley and… Andy:They sell pretty well everything here.Janet:It’s very colourful.Is it a special occasion? Joe:No,just an ordinary weekend.But it’s true that on holiday weekends,it gets very busy.Andy:And all around here there are movie houses and clubs,and all sorts of cool places to hang out.That’s the Electric Ballroom down there… Janet:What’s that? Andy:It’s one of the great clubs in London,all sorts of bands have played there.Janet:I’ve never been to a club.It must be fun.Andy:OK,are you busy tonight? Janet:Er,why do you ask? Andy:Maybe we could go there?Have you any plans? Janet:I’d love to,but I’m afraid I… Andy:OK,no problem.Maybe some other time.珍妮：那么喬你經常來這里嗎？

喬：是的，大多數周末我都來。來這里是許多倫敦人一有時間就會做得事情。珍妮：那你覺得自己像個倫敦人嗎，喬？

喬：是的，我是這樣覺得。你并不一定得在倫敦出生才能覺得自己像倫敦人。珍妮：市場只在周六開嗎？

安迪：市場每天都開，但更多的貨攤在周五到周日營業。珍妮：它什么時間開始營業呢？

喬：它的營業時間是上午十點到下午六點。珍妮：下午六點就關門了。真早啊！

喬：那是，六點之后，所有人都去酒吧或者飯店和俱樂部。所以傍晚會顯得很生氣勃勃。那是個非常吸引人的地方。珍妮：而且那里還有衣服和珠寶… 安迪：他們這里銷售幾乎所有的東西。

珍妮：這里看起來五彩繽紛。這是個特殊的時節么？

喬：不是的，僅僅是個普通的周末。但一到假日這里的確變得非常熱鬧。

安迪：而且在這周圍有電影院和俱樂部，以及各種可以閑逛的地方。那邊就是電子舞廳… 珍妮：那是什么？

安迪：那是倫敦很棒的俱樂部中之一，各種各樣的的樂隊都曾在那里表演。珍妮：我從來沒有去過俱樂部。那一定很有趣吧。安迪：好的，那你今晚忙嗎？ 珍妮：嗯，為什么這樣問啊？

安迪：也許我們可以去那里啊？你有什么計劃嗎？ 珍妮：我想去，但我擔心我… 安迪：那好，沒關系。也許下次吧。

Part 2 Janet:People always seem to be having fun in London!Camden Mrket was great!Joe:Great for shopping!Andy:Well,there are lots and lots of festivals of film and music.And there are also quite a few street festivals,lik the Notting Hill Carnival.Janet:OK,and what happens? Andy:I’ll show you some footage from last year.Notting Hill is a district of London,and it has a large West Indian community.So at Carnival,the kids and adults go on a parade through th streets,wearing these amazing costumes and dancing to llive Caribbean music.Joe:And there’s lots of street food,and music and parties going on along the Carnival route.Yes,it

is great fun.Janet:And does everyone in London go to watch ? Joe: Well,it attracts about two million people a year.Janet:Wow!And when does it happen? Andy:It takes place at the end of August,although the usual time fo Carnival for the rest of the world is February.Janet:What does Carnival mean? Joe:It’s a festival which takes place in many Catholic countries 40 days before Easter,after which everyone is meant to eat and drink only mederately.And the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is probably the best-known,but ther are also carnivals in other cities.Janet:But then why is the Notting Hill Carnival in August? Joe:Beacause for the rest of the year, the whether is awful.Anyway,we’d better be going now,Janet.Janet:Oh,yes.Andy:Go where? Joe:I invited Janet to a jazz concert this evening.It starts in half an hour.Janet: Bye Andy.Take care!Andy:Bye Janet,look after yourself.珍妮：倫敦大概是人們常來玩的地方。肯頓市場真棒！喬：購物的好地方！

安迪：這里有許許多多的電影節和音樂節。這里還有相當多的街道節日像諾丁山狂歡節。珍妮：那會發生什么呢？0 安迪：我會向你展示一些去年的鏡頭。諾丁山是倫敦的一個地區，這里有一個很大的西印第安社區。所以在狂歡節期間，孩子和成年人們會身著奇裝艷服，在街頭伴著加勒比風格的音樂載歌載舞。喬：在狂歡節進行的過程中有許多街道特有的食物、音樂和聚會。的確十分有趣。珍妮：那是不是所有在倫敦的人都會去觀看呢？ 喬：它每年吸引了將近兩百萬的人。珍妮：哇！那狂歡節什么時候開始呢？

安迪：雖然其他地方的狂歡節都是在二月舉行的，但這里的狂歡節在八月底舉行。珍妮：狂歡節有什么涵義呢？

喬：那是復活節四十天之前在信奉天主教的國度里進行的節日，節日后人們只能有節制地吃喝。在巴西里約熱內盧舉行的狂歡節或許是最出名的，但在其它城市也有狂歡節。珍妮：但為什么諾丁山狂歡節在八月舉行呢？

喬：因為每年的其他時間天氣都很糟糕。不管怎樣，我們最好現在就走吧，珍妮。珍妮：嗯，好。安迪：去哪？

喬：我邀請了珍妮今晚去參加一個爵士音樂會。再過半個小時就開始了。珍妮：再見，安迪。小心！安迪：再見，珍妮。照顧好自己。

Cross-cultural Awareness Holidays and Customs This week ,on Cross-cultural Awarenes ,Holidays and Customs in Asia we meet some international students who are attending school in California.Many students here are Asian.Asian celebrate a lunar New Year ,so the exact date changes every year.New Year is the biggest holiday in Asia cultures.The holidays lasts for 15 days and ends with a lantern

第四篇：新標準大學英語視聽說教程第一冊第二單元教案

Unit 2 Food, glorious food!

I.II.Time Allotment Teaching Objectives and Requirements 1.Develop the Ss’ awareness of involving of talking about Western-style cuisine and their table manners;2.Ask Ss to remember useful words and expressions;3.Strengthen Ss’ ability to listen for the specific information;4.Provide Ss some information about how to hold an informal discussion.6 periods III.Teaching Procedures i.Starting points Teaching tips

The activity can be done very quickly if the steps are explained to Ss clearly and the T gives them time limit to do the steps.ii.Inside View Conversation 1 Activity 2 Alternative activity 1.Play Conversation 1 for Ss to familiarize themselves with it.2.Choose several Ss to describe the restaurant briefly, for example, the room of the other diners.3.Put Ss in groups of three and give each student a task: Student A reports the names of t he dishes mentioned;Student B reports the ingredients of each named dish;and Student C reports what dishes Janet has asked about.4.Play Conversation 1 again.5.Ask Ss to discuss and answer the questions together.Activity 3 Teaching tips Encourage Ss to answer the questions in full sentences first and then fill in the blanks.Additional activity 1.Ask S to form groups of four and do a role-play using the completed table;Student A is the interviewer, Student B is Janet, Student C is Kate and Student D is Mark.2.Student A asks the Qs and Student B, C and D explain the dishes.3.Choose one group to perform their role-play in front of the class.Conversation 2 Activity 6 Additional activity 1.Put Ss back in to their groups of four.2.Ask Ss to read through the conversation, aiming for greater fluency.3.Student A is Janet, Student B is Mark, Student C is Kate and Student D is the waitress.Talking points Additional activity

Challenge Ss to summarize the contrasts between Britain and China without looking at their notes.iii.Outside view Language and culture A Creole is someone with European and African ancestors who live in the West Indies.The term also refers to someone with Spanish ancestors who live in the Caribbean, Central America or South America.Creole is also the name of a language that is mixture of a European language and one or more other languages.It is spoken as the first language of a people.The specific example in the video is the French Creole people of Louisiana who are generally descended from three heritages: early French settlers, African Americans and Native Americans.Many Creoles speak a variety of French, besides English.iv.Listening in

Passage 1 Activity 3 Teaching tips Ask Ss to check their answers by reading the complete transcripts to each other.Encourage fluent and meaningful reading.Passage 2 Activity 6 Teaching tips

Ask Ss to pay attention to the details while listening.The most important information is spoken with stress..Activity 8 Teaching tips

For Q1, ask Ss to work in pairs: Student A expresses opinions which agree with the questions, while Student B disagrees.Encourage Ss to use the content of the unit and their own experiences.Ask Ss to switch roles for the question.v.Presentation skills Language support Some basic English terms for some Chinese dishes which would be known by westerners: Chinese fried rice（炒飯）；stir-fried vegetables（炒青菜）;fried noodles（炒面）;hand-pulled / hand-stretched noodles（拉面）;vermicelli（粉絲）;dim sum（點心）;spring rolls（春卷）;steamed meat / vegetable buns（肉、菜包）;fried / steamed dumplings（煎餃、蒸餃）;spare ribs（排骨）;bean curd(toufu)（豆腐）;hotpot（火鍋）;Peking duck（北京烤鴨）;won ton soup（餛飩）;hot and sour soup（酸辣湯）;soup noodles（湯面）;beef / fish balls（牛肉丸、魚丸）.Ways of cooking in Chinese cuisine: food can be steamed, stir-fried（炒）, deep-fried（炸）, shallow-fried（煎）, braised（燉），roasted（烤）, pan-grilled（平底鍋煎烤）, boiled（煮）, baked（烘烤）, stewed（燉燒）, sautéed（爆炒）, and barbecued（燒烤）.Meat and vegetables can be cut into cubes（方塊，丁）, small pieces（小片）, strips（絲、條）, and segments（片、節）.They can be sliced（切片）, diced（切塊）, shredded（刨絲）, and minced（絞碎）.You can add seasoning（調味料）, herbs（香草料）, onion（洋蔥）, spring onions（小蔥）, garlic（蒜頭）, ginger（姜）, black pepper（黑胡椒）, salt, red / green pepper, chili, paprika（辣椒粉）, oyster sauce（耗油）, soy sauce（醬油）, sweet and sour sauce（甜酸醬、糖醋醬）, and barbecue sauce（燒烤醬）.vi.Pronunciation Teaching tips 1.Choose a sentence or two to read aloud by using a wrong stress pattern and ask Ss to interpret meanings from the wrong stress pattern.2.Read aloud with a correct stress pattern and explain how meanings are expressed with correct stress pattern.vii.Unit tasks

第五篇：新視野大學英語視聽說教程3第二版答案

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