第一篇：英文演講稿——基本倫理

On what basis do we make moral decisions?

? “Do what the Bible tells you”---

? “Follow your conscience”

? “Watch out for #1”---

? “Do the right thing”--The Ethics of

? “Don't dis' me”--The Ethics of

? “...all Men are created...with certain unalienable Rights”--The Ethics of

? “Make the world a better place”—

? “Daddy, that’s not fair”--The Ethics of

? “Be a good person”--Ethics

is equivalent to doing whatever the--or the Qur’an or some other sacred text or source of revelation--tells you to do.“What is” equals “What ”

tells us what is right or wrong

Often has a source

May be founded in a notion ofIs often negative in character, telling us what is

Says the only person to look out for is

Moral Purpose is one’s own happiness that requires rational self-interest

Ayn Rand is a Russian-American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter The Ethics of Selfishness, The Fountainhead, and Atlas Shrugged

Begins with the , about doing your duty.Duty may be determined by:

-Do what any rational agent should do(Kant)

role-A physician’s duty to care for the sick

’s duty to care for his or her children

Human interactions should beby rules of respect

What counts as respect canfrom one culture to another

Examples:showing the soles of one’s shoes

What is it that merits respect?

The mostnotion of the past two centuries

conditions of human

Seeks tosuffering andpleasure or happiness

Demands a high degree of—we must consider the

consequences for everyone

Utilitarians claim theof morality is to make the world a better place

Begins early in thewith fairness to all family members

What is fair for should be fair for

may not mean treating them the

Seeks to develop individual(not consequences or rules)

Assumespersons will make

Developed byand Socrates was the teacher of Plato.Plato was the teacher of Aristotle.Aristotle was the teacher of Alexander the Great.Aristotle developed Western Philosophy.Only 1/3 of his works survived.Cicero called his style “a river of gold.”

Integral to the tradition

Founded by St Ignatius of Loyola.It follows the teachings of the Catholic Church.Members participate in The Spiritual Exercises to help them more closely follow Christ.Provides a way of all the theories

第二篇：英語學習之基本倫理演講稿

Between Relativism and Absolutism

Ethical Relativism has several important insights:

? The need forand The fact of moral We should not pass judgment on practices in otherwhen we don’tthem Sometimes Reasonable people may Differ on what’s morally acceptable

Two Types of Relativism ? Descriptive ethical relativism

?

? Claims as a matter of fact that different cultures havemoral valuesethical relativism

? Claims that each culture isRelativism: belief that ethical norms depend on individual or cultural beliefs or preferences;beliefAbsolutism: a command that allows no exceptions

Three Questions about the Meaning of Relativism

(1)Whatof morality is relative?

? Behavior Peripheral values Fundamental or Core values

(2)How ?

? All Some None

(3)Relative to What?

? Individuals Cultures Nations Groups

What is relative?

? Behavior

?

?

? Different behaviors may exemplify the same value The same behavior may exemplify different values in different culture ? Obviously some culturally-specific values

? Core Values

? Are there central values found in all cultures?

How much is Relative?

? ?

? ?

Ethical Relativism: Limitations

? Is unhelpful in dealing with overlaps of cultures--precisely where we need help.?

?

?

? Commerce and trade Media World Wide Web All = Most = Relativistic Pluralism Some = Little = Absolutistic Pluralism None =Is ’t judge others, neither can they judge us

Ethical Relativism: Overlapping Cultures, 1

? ? Ethical relativism suggests that we let each culture live as it sees This is only feasible when cultures

Ethical Relativism: Overlapping Cultures, 2

? The actual situation in today’s world is much closer to the diagram.Cultures are constantly

interacting with each other.Ethical Relativism: A Self-Defensive Position

Ethical Absolutism

? ? Absolutism comes in many--including the divine right of kings Absolutism is less aboutwe believe and more about Ethical relativism maintains that wemake moral The corollary of this is that we arein principle cultures Common element:

? There is a single

Ethical Absolutism, 2

? Ethical absolutism is Correct:

? ? ?

Ethical Pluralism

?insights ofrelativism and absolutism:

? ? ? The central challenge: how to live together withandvalues Moral Sees

We do sometimesto make judgments Certain things are However, we need to always be open to what we can learn from others

Ethical Pluralism, 2

Ethical pluralism offers three categories to describe actions:

? ? ? Prohibited: those actions which are not seen as permissible at allthose actions and values in which legitimate differences are possiblea moral vision of what the ideal society would be like

Five Questions

? What is the present state? What is the ideal state? What is the minimally acceptable state? How do we get from the present to the minimally acceptable state? How do we get from the minimum to the ideal state?

Developing Moral Common Ground

Goals

? ?

?

?

? ourselves others the issue ?

?

? agreement where appropriate living with some disagreements changing the situation

第三篇：英語基本倫理演講稿 二

1Moral concerns are Being moral isto most people’s concept of human flourishing

Analogy: morality is a lot like

Principal concern:The role of

Disagreement

ProfessionalWe come back to

Morality: a-order set ofandabout how to live a good life Ethics: a-order, conscious on the adequacy of our moral beliefs.The goal of ethical reflection is Thus we seek to determine what will

What makes something aissue?

:duties, rights, human welfare, suffering, character, etc.impartial, compassionate, etc.Imagine a situation in which you see a classmate cheating.There are several elements from a moral point of view:

Some people are hurt by the cheating

There is deception in the situation

Cheating seems to be unfair to those who don’t cheat

There are conflicting values—honesty, loyalty, etc.There are questions of character

Some philosophers have argued that moral issues areby a

particular kind of —terms such as duty, obligation, right, and good.Many philosophers have argued that the moral point of view is ’t give my own interest any special weight.Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill

Other philosophers have seen the , feeling for the suffering of other sentient beings.Josiah Royce: “Such as that is for me, so is it for him, nothing less.”

Moral obligations, some philosophers maintain, are what gives them their distinctive Kant: morality is a matter of categorical imperatives.Moral Categorical Imperatives are

“Never treat people merely as a means to your own ends.“Always respect people as ends in themselves”

“Always act in such a way that you could will that everyone follow the same rule that you are following.”

Philosophers from Aristotle onward have seen the primary focus of to be

Two questions:

What ought I to do?(Kant and Mill)

What kind of person ought I to be?(Aristotle)

Ethics as the of Other People’s

We are often eager to pass judgment on others

Ethics as theand

Ethics often used as a

Hypocrisy: speak behind the mask

Possibility ofother people

The right to The right toand

Aims atwhat isEmphasizes for one’s own lifeof theory:

Describe

Explain

Give strength

Prescribe

Open new possibilities Wonder:

What is : Clear-cut, definitive answers

Ethics is likeOne studieshealth, the other Significantin both fields Still there is a significantground are wrong

第四篇：公務員倫理基本含義

一、公務員倫理基本含義

（一）公務員倫理界說

（二）公務員倫理基本問題

二、公務員倫理核心理念

（一）公仆意識的歷史考察

（二）防止社會公仆變為社會主人

（三）公仆意識的價值要素

三、公務員理論體系架構

（一）公務員倫理規范體系

（二）行政倫理機制體系

（三）公共行政倫理問題

四、公務員倫理法制建設 加強公務倫理建設

公務員倫理是社會主義倫理在國家行政實踐生活中具體體現，是國家公務員在行使公共權力、管理公共事務、提供公共服務、履行行政管理職責活動中形成并應當遵守的原則和規范。

公務員倫理的核心理念是“公仆意識”。“防止國家和國家機關由社會公仆變為社會主人”，是馬克思主義廉政學說的基本原理，也是加強公務員倫理法制建設的基點。重視公務員倫理法制建設，已經成為國際性的大趨勢。

國家公務員是一種特殊的職業，代表國家和政府行使國家行政權力，執行國家公務，組織管理各項行政事務，肩負著“治國”的歷史使命。加強倫理建設能規范行政行為，有利于建立勤政廉政機制，也有利于樹立政府在公眾心目中的良好形象。

本課程從公務員倫理基本含義、公務員核心理念和公務員倫理法制建設三大方面，詳細闡釋了加強公務員倫理建設的緊迫性和必要性。旨在幫助公務員認識加強倫理建設的重要性，從而能夠自覺規范自己的行政行為，做好人民的公仆。

一、公務員職業道德概述

（一）公務員職業道德內涵

（二）公務員職業道德的特點

二、公務員職業道德主要內容

（一）忠于祖國——立身之本

（二）服務人民——本質要求

（三）恪盡職守——基本素養

（四）公正廉潔——基本品質

三、公務員價值取向

公務員，是黨和政府治國理政的重要力量。公務員職業道德，是每一名公務員應當遵守的職業道德規范和行為準則。加強公務員職業道德建設，是貫徹落實“德才兼備，以德為先”用人標準，不斷提升公務員隊伍職業道德水平的重要舉措，對于增強政府和公務員隊伍的公信力、鞏固黨的執政基礎具有重要意義。

本課程通過對公務員職業道德的內容、特點的介紹，闡釋公務員應具備的正確價值取向，對學員正確認識公務員職業道德，如何恪守公務員職業道德規范，把握正確的價值取向，有重要的指導意義。【培訓收益】

?了解我國公務員職業道德的基本內容

?了解我國公務員職業道德的特點

?明確公務員應具備的正確價值取向

?明確公務員職業道德的重要意義

第五篇：英文寫作基本句型

1.a fish out of water既可以表示“離水之魚”，也可以表示“不自在的人”或“感到生疏不適的人”。

2.all but…=almost；nearly，表示”幾乎”。它是個含有副詞功能的詞條。all but…有時可表示“差一點就···”的意思。The skaters on the pond all but broke through the ice.all but有時也可表示“除···之外，全部都”的意思。這時all but。。=all except。I enjoy all but the last one of her novels.3.1 all not表示“并非所有都···”的意思，是部分否定。它的倒裝形式為not…all。

All of them do not speak Chinese.(正常語序)=Not all of them speak Chinese.(倒裝語序)他們并非全都講中文。2 every…not,both…not等句型也表示部分否定。Everyone can not be successful.并非每個人都能成功。I can not select both of the schemes.我不能兩個方案都選擇(只能選擇其中一個)。None of 與neither of 均可表示全部否定。I can select neither of the two schemes.兩個方案我都做不出選擇。

4.1 and that 是用來代替前面句子的全部或一部分，一般用來加強語氣，表示“而且”的意思。Everyone seeks for a happy family, and that without any exception.2 and that也作and all that=and some,表示“等等”的意思。He used to take drugs and that when he was young.他年輕的時候常常吸毒以及干過其他諸如此類的事。

5.1 anything but=not at all；far from,表示強烈否定，是“決不”的意思。2 anything but 有時也表示“除···之外的任何···”等意思。I enjoy anything but amusement.我喜歡除娛樂外的任何事情。

6.as if(as though)好像。1 as if 可表示“(天氣等)好像···”，也可表示“(人的行為)好像···”

As if/as though+動詞過去式可表示過去虛擬的語氣。As if/as though+動詞過去完成式，也可表示過去虛擬。

7.as it is 1 一般而言，句首的as it is 承接前面的假設，表示“事實上，實際上”的意思。它的過去是形式為as it was.2 一般而言，句末的as it is 表示“就這樣，就那樣”的意思。復數形式為as they are,過去是形式為as it was。Leave him as he is.別管他就讓他那樣好了。China as she is, is very different from china as she was ten years ago.現在的中國與十年前的中國有很大的差別。

8.1 as it were好像 2 as it were 也可翻譯成“換句話說，可以說是”的意思，用來緩和夸張或比喻時的語氣。He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.他是我的好朋友，也可以說是我的第二個自我。3 as it were=in matter of speakinng；so to speak。So to speak可以代替as it were使用。

9.as long as只要。1 As long as是一個連接詞，引導條件狀語從句。當as long as=if 時，表示“要是···，或假如···”的意思。2 as long as有時可=if，表示只要的意思。3 so long as可以代替as long as表示只要。

10.as many(much)…同···一樣的1 as many…=the same number,表示“同數目的”或“同···一樣的”的意思。It had been five months since the husband left for Beijing, but they seemed as many years to the wife.丈夫去北京已經五個月了，但這五個月對妻子來說就像是五年一樣。As many=five。There are six grammar mistakes in as many sentences.(as many=six)六個句子中有六處語法錯誤。2 as many as是一種句型=the same degree as,表示“與···到一樣的程度”的意思。There are as many minds as there are men.有多少人存在，就有多少心靈存在。(個人有個人的想法)

11.as soon as…一···就···1 as soon as表示(一···就···)它與其他的關聯詞一樣，引導的時間狀語從句無論放在句首或句中都可以。2 與as soon as表示相同的連接詞有no sooner…than;scarely/hardly…when.一般而言，他們跟過去完成時(had…)一起使用。3 hardly…when與 no sooner…than可用于倒裝句，其作用在于加強語氣。