第一篇：ICC使用小結(jié)
ICC使用小結(jié)
（1）ICC的輸入文件
MilkyWay（physical library），TLUPlus文件（interconnect文件），lib文件（logical library），netlist，constraints（sdc），floorplan文件（.fp或.def）
由于ICC會使用MilkyWay數(shù)據(jù)格式，因此有必要先熟悉MilkyWay格式的產(chǎn)生。
（2）ICC的步驟流程
ICC的流程如下：（1）import design(netlist/sdc/database)——（2）create_floorplan或adjust floorplan——（3）placement ——（4）cts——（5）route——（6）final signoff（3）具體每一步過程及注意點（操作點）（4）Import design具體操作：
set_link_library xxx set_target_library xxx create_mu_lib design_library –technology xxx.tf –mw_reference_library ref_library open set_tlu_plus_file –max_tluplus max_file –min_tluplus min_file –tech2itf_map map_file read_verilog xxx.v current_design xxx link read_def xxx.def derive_pg_connection –power_net xxx_power_net –power_pin xxx_power_pin –ground_net xxx_ground_net –ground_pin xxx_ground_pin derive_pg_connection –power_net xxx_power_net –power_pin xxx_power_pin –ground_net xxx_ground_net –ground_pin xxx_ground_pin-tie read_floorplan xxx.fp或新創(chuàng)建一個floorplan接下來的任務(wù)了。
（5）Create_floorplan具體操作：
Create_floorplan針對讀入的設(shè)計以及def，開始進行floorplan的規(guī)劃，包括IO以及macro的擺放，電源規(guī)劃等。
首先要創(chuàng)建一個floorplan，創(chuàng)建floorplan之前需要讀入IO的約束信息，3101項目將IO視作macro對待。具體的io constraint信號可以使用set_pad_physical_constraints來設(shè)置。
Create_floorplan –control_type width_and_height –core_width xxx –core_height xxx Remove_terminal *-keep_macro_place –keep_std_cell_place，只有設(shè)置了keep之后，才能create_fp_place完成，否則會報utility超出。
設(shè)置好floorplan之后就需要對macro和standcell進行place了。Macro的place可以使用腳本set_obj*和set_attribute來設(shè)置，而standcell可以使用create_fP_placement來完成。這個過程中先需要設(shè)置placement以及route的blockage。create_place_blockage和create_route_guide來完成blockage的設(shè)置。
接著設(shè)置在Design Planning的task任務(wù)下，進行place macros和standcells。或者使用create_fp_placement –timing_driven –no_hierarchy_gravity 設(shè)置完macro和standcell之后，就可以進行電源規(guī)劃了，可以通過產(chǎn)生power_ring或power_strap來進行。create_power_strap –direction horizontal –net {VDD12 VSS_PAD} –layer M5 –configure step_end_stop –start_at 1290 –stop 2170 –step 50 –width 5 –start_low_ends coordinate –start_low_ends_coordinate 583 –start_high_ends coordinate –start_high_ends_coordinate 1710 –extend_low_ends off –extend_high_ends off –keep_floating_wire_pieces –ignore_parallel_targets –define_parallel_targets_by_wire_directions 下面對上面這個strap的創(chuàng)建進行解釋說明下，上面的power_strap表示要在位置區(qū)域為{{1290 583} {2170 1710}}的方形區(qū)域創(chuàng)建間距為50，線寬為5的水平方向power_strap。
（6）placement的具體操作
place_opt進行之前需要先查看report_constraints –all看看主要的violation是哪些，同時也應(yīng)該查看congestion情況以選擇合適的place_opt策略。也需要檢查設(shè)計及物理信息，check_physical_design –for_placement以及check_design –physical，設(shè)置set_ignore_layers –max/-min，接著create_placement –timing_driven/-congestion等，若有congestion，可以設(shè)置set_congestion_options來設(shè)置合理的值，設(shè)置好placement的一些參數(shù)后，可以進行place_opt了。
（7）cts的具體操作
cts可以通過GUI—>New Clock Tree Synthesis Window/New Interactive CTS Window查看時鐘樹的直觀形狀，可以設(shè)置clock_routing_rule來合理安排時鐘樹的線寬（NDR，Non-Default Rule）。設(shè)置OCV和bc_wc的工作條件。
（8）route的具體操作
需要先check_physical_design –for_routing檢查布線的物理設(shè)計，以及check_routeability。Set_route_options可以設(shè)置route設(shè)置相關(guān)的選項,route_opt包括route clock nets，route signal nets，set_route_opt_strategy可以設(shè)置route相關(guān)的策略。分析route的結(jié)果可以使用verify_route和verify_drc（使用hercules），postroute delay calculation using Arnoldi algorithm。考慮si的route需要設(shè)置set_si_options。Spread_eco_cells/insert_spare_cells，place_freezen_silicon/route_eco
第二篇：ICC(A)中英文對照
承保風(fēng)險
（風(fēng)險條款）
本保險承保保險標的損失或損害的一切風(fēng)險，但不包括下列第4、5、6和7條規(guī)定的除外責(zé)任
（共同海損條款）
本保險承保根據(jù)運輸合同、準據(jù)法和慣例理算或確定的共同海損和救助費用，其產(chǎn)生是為了避免任何原因造成的損失或與避免任何原因造成的損失有關(guān)，但此種原因不是本保險第4，5，6，7條或其他條文除外的危險
（“雙方有責(zé)碰撞”條款）
本保險擴展賠償被保險人諸如下文可補償?shù)膿p失方面根據(jù)運輸合同中的“雙方有責(zé)碰撞”條款的比例責(zé)任部分。在船東根據(jù)此條款提出索賠的情況下，被保險人同意通知保險人，保險人有權(quán)自負費用為被保險人對此種索賠提出答辯。
除外責(zé)任
（普通除外條款）4 本保險決不承保；
4.1 可歸咎于被保險人的蓄意惡性的損失、損害或費用
4.2 保險標的的通常滲漏、通常重量或體積損失、或通常磨損
4.3 保險標的的包裝或準備不足或不當引起的損失、損害或費用（在本款意義上，“包裝”應(yīng)視為包括集裝箱或托盤內(nèi)的積載，但僅適用于此種 積載是在本保險責(zé)任開始前進行或是由被保險人或其雇員進行之時）
4.4 保險標的固有缺陷或性質(zhì)引起的損失、損害或費用
4.5 遲延直接造成的損失、損害或費用，即使該延遲是由承保風(fēng)險引起的（但根據(jù)上述第2條支付的費用除外）
4.6 因船舶的所有人、經(jīng)理人、承租人或經(jīng)營人的破產(chǎn)或經(jīng)濟困境產(chǎn)生的損失、損害或費用
4.7 因使用原子或核裂變和/或聚變或其類似反應(yīng)或放射性力量或物質(zhì)所制造的戰(zhàn)爭武器產(chǎn)生的損失、損害或費用。
（不適航和不適運除外條款）
5.1 本保險決不承保損失、損害或費用，如其起因于 5.1.1 船舶或駁船不適航
5.1.2 船舶、駁船、運輸工具、集裝箱或托盤對保險標的的安全運輸不適合，而且在保險標的裝于其上時，被保險人或其雇員對此種不適航或不適運有私謀
5.2 保險人放棄載運保險標的到目的港的船舶不得違反默示適航或適運保證，除非被保險人或其雇員對此種不適航或不適運有私謀。
（戰(zhàn)爭除外條款）
本保險決不承保損失、損害或費用，如其起因于
6.1 戰(zhàn)爭、內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、革命、造反、判亂或由此引起的內(nèi)亂或交戰(zhàn)方之間的敵對行為 6.2 捕獲、扣押、扣留、拘禁或羈押（海盜除外），和此種行為引起的后果或進行此種行為的企圖
6.3 被遺棄的水雷、魚雷、炸彈或其他被遺棄的戰(zhàn)爭武器。
（罷工除外條款）
本保險決不承保損失、損害或費用
7.1 罷工者、被迫停工工人，或參加工潮、暴動或民變的人員造成者 7.2 罷工、停工、工潮、暴動或民變造成者 7.3 任何恐怖份子或出于政治動機而行為的人員造成者。
保險期間
（運送條款）
8.1 本保險責(zé)任始于貨物運離載明的倉庫或儲存處所開始運送之時在通常運送過程中連續(xù)終止于: 8.1.1 在載明的目的地或之前交付到收貨人的或其他最后倉庫或儲存處所，8.1.2 在載明的目的地或之前交付到任何其他倉庫或儲存處所其由被保險人用作 8.1.2.1 通常運送過程以外的儲存或 8.1.2.2 分配或分派
8.1.3 或者被保險貨物在最后卸貨港全部卸離海船滿60天，以上各項以先發(fā)生者為準。
8.2 如果在最后卸貨港卸離海船后，但在本保險終止之前，貨物被發(fā)送到非本保險承保的目的地，本保險，在依然受前述規(guī)定的終止所制約的同時，截止于開始向此種其他目的地運送之時。
8.3 保險人不能控制的遲延、任何繞航、強制卸貨、重裝或轉(zhuǎn)載期間以及船東或承租人行使根據(jù)運輸合同賦予的自由權(quán)產(chǎn)生的任何航海上的變更期間，本保險繼續(xù)有效（但須受上述規(guī)定的終止和下述第9條規(guī)定的制約）。
（運輸合同終止條款）
如果由于被保險人不能控制的情況，運輸合同在載明的目的地以外的港口或地點終止，或運送在如同上述第8條規(guī)定的交付貨物前另行終止，那么本保險也終止，但若立即通知了保險人并在本保險有效時提出繼續(xù)承保的要求，以受保險人要求的附加保險費的約束為前提，本保險繼續(xù)有效。
9.1 直至貨物在此種港口或地點出售并交付，或者，除非另有特別約定，直至被保險貨物到達此種港口或地點滿60天，二者以先發(fā)生者為準，或者
9.2 如果貨物在上述60天（或任何約定的延展期間）內(nèi)被運往載明的目的地或其他目的地，直至根據(jù)上述第8條的規(guī)定而終止。
（航程改變條款）
如果在本保險責(zé)任開始后，被保險人改變了目的地，就按有待重新商定的保險費率和條件續(xù)保，但以立即通知保險人為前提。
（保險利益條款）
索賠
11.1為了根據(jù)本保險取得賠償，被保險人在損失發(fā)生時對保險標的須具保險利益。11.2 除了上述第1款另有規(guī)定外，被保險人有權(quán)取得本保險承保期間發(fā)生的承保損失的賠償，盡管該損失產(chǎn)生在本保險合同訂立之前，除非當時被保險人知道該損失而保險人不知道。
（續(xù)運費用條款）
由于本保險承保的一種風(fēng)險發(fā)生作用的結(jié)果，承保的保險標的運送在根據(jù)本保險承保的目的地以外的港口或地方終止，承保人將適當合理償付被保險人在卸下、儲存和發(fā)運保險標的至所承保的目的地而適當和合理遭受的額外費用
不適用于共同海損或救助費用的本條規(guī)定，須受上述第4、5、6和7條包含的除外責(zé)任的制約，且不包括由被保險人或其雇員的過失、疏忽、破產(chǎn)或經(jīng)濟困境所引起的費用。
（推定全損條款）
推定全損得不到賠償，除非因?qū)嶋H全損看來不可避免，或由于把貨物恢復(fù)、整理和發(fā)運保險標的到承保目的地的費用會超過其抵達時的價值，保險標的被合理放棄。
（增加價值條款）
14.1 如果對保險貨物由被保險人辦理了增加價值保險，貨物保險價值就應(yīng)視為增加至承保損失的本保險和所有增加價值保險的保險金額的總和，本保險的責(zé)任按照本保險的保險金額占此保險金額的總和的比例計算。
索賠時被保險人須向保險人提供所有其他保險的保險金額的證據(jù)。
14.2 如果本保險是增加價值保險，應(yīng)適用下述條款：貨物的保險價值應(yīng)視為等于由被保險人對貨物辦理的承保損失的原始保險和所有增加價值保險的保險金額的總和的比例計算。
索賠時被保險人須向保險人提供所有其他保險的保險金額的證據(jù)。
保險受益
（不適用條款）
本保險不使承運人或其他保管人受益。
盡量減少損失
（被保險人的義務(wù)條款）
對可取得賠償?shù)膿p失，被保險人及其雇員和代理人有義務(wù) 16.1 采取為避免或盡量減少此種損失可能是合理的措施，并
16.2 保證對承運人、保管人或其他第三方追償?shù)乃袡?quán)利被適當保護和行使而保險人負責(zé)在可取得賠償?shù)膿p失之外補償被保險人履行這些義務(wù)而適當合理地招致的任何費用。
（棄權(quán)條款）
被保險人和保險人采取的旨在拯救、保護或恢復(fù)保險標的的措施不得視為放棄或接受委付或在其他方面損害任何一方的權(quán)利。
避免遲延
（合理速辦條款）
本保險的條件之一是被保險人在所有其力所能及的情況下合理迅速地行動。
法律和慣例
（英國法律和慣例條款）
本保險受英國法和慣例調(diào)整。
INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES(A)(Risks Claus)RISKS COVERED 1.This insurance covers all risks of loss of or damage to the subject-matter insured except as provided in Clauses 4 5 6 and 7 below(General Average Clause)2.This insurance covers general average and salvage charges adjusted or determined according to the contract of affreightment and/or the governing law and practice incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of loss from any cause except those excluded in Clauses 4 5 6 and 7 or elsewhere in this insurance.(“Both to Blame Collision”Clause)
3.This insurance is extended to indemnify the Assured against such proportion of liability under the contract of affreightment “Both to Blame Collision”Clause as is in respect of a loss recoverable hereunder.In the event of any claim by shipowners under the said Clause the Assured agree to notify the Underwriters who shall have the right at their own cost expense to defend the Assured against such claim.(General Exclusions Clause)EXCLUSIONS 4.In no case shall this insurance cover 4.1 loss damage or expense attributable to wilful misconduct of the Assured 4.2 ordinary leakage ordinary loss in weight or volume or ordinary wear and tear of the subject-matter insured 4.3 loss damage or expense caused by insufficiency or unsuitability of packing or preparation of the subject-matter insured(for the purpose of this Clause 4.3 “packing” shall be deemed to include stowage in a container or liftvan but only when such stowage is carried out prior to attachment of this insurance or by the Assured or their servants)4.4 loss damage or expense caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject-matter insured 4.5 loss damage or expense proximately caused by delay even though the delay be caused by a risk insured against(except expenses payable under Clause 2 above)4.6 loss damage or expense arising from insolvency or financial default of the owners managers charterers or operators of the vessel 4.7 loss damage or expense arising from the use of any weapon of war employing atomic or nuclear fission and/or other like reaction or radioactive force or matter.（Unseaworthiness and Unfitness Exclusion Clause）
5.1 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense arising from unseaworthiness of vessel or craft.unfitness of vessel craft conveyance container or liftvan for the safe carriage of the subject-matter insured.where the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness at the time the subject-matter insured is loaded therein.5.2 The Underwriters waive any breach of the implied warranties of seaworthiness of the ship and fitness of the ship to carry the subject-matter insured to destination unless the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness.(War Exclusion Clause)6 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense caused by 6.1 war civil war revolution rebellion insurrection or civil strife arising therefrom or any hostile act by or against a belligerent power 6.2 capture seizure arrest restraint or detainment(piracy excepted)and the consequences thereof or any attempt thereat.6.3 derelict mines torpedoes bombs or other derelict weapons of war.(Strikes Exclusion Clause)7 In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense 7.1 caused by strikers locked-out workmen or persons taking part in labour disturbances riots or civil commotions 7.2 resulting from strikes lock-outs labour disturbances riots or civil commotions 7.3 caused by any terrorist or any person acting from a political motive.(Transit Clause)DURATION 8 8.1 This insurance attaches from the time the goods leave the warehouse or place of storage at the place named herein for the commencement of the transit continues during the ordinary course of transit and terminates either 8.1.1 on delivery to the Consignees’ or other final warehouse or place of storage at the destination named herein 8.1.2 on delivery to any other warehouse or place of storage whether prior to or at the destination named herein which the Assured elect to use either 8.1.2.1 for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit or 8.1.2.2 for allocation or distribution.or 8.1.3 on the expiry of 60 days after completion of discharge over side of the goods hereby insured from the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge.Whichever shall first occur.8.2 If after discharge over side from the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge but prior to termination of this insurance the goods are to be forwarded to destination other than that to which they are insured hereunder this insurance whilst remaining subject to termination as provided for above shall not extend beyond the commencement of transit to such other destination.8.3 This insurance shall remain in force(subject to termination as provided for above and to the provisions of Clause 9 below)during delay beyond the control of the Assured any deviation forced discharge reshipment or transshipment and during any variation of the adventure arising from the exercise of a liberty granted to ship owners or charterers under the contract of affreightment.(Termination of Contract of Carriage Clause)9 If owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Assured either the contract of carriage is terminated at a port or place other than the destination named therein or the transit is otherwise terminated before delivery of the goods as provided for in Clause 8 above then this insurance shall also terminate unless prompt notice is given to the Underwriters and continuation of cover is requested when the insurance shall remain in force subject to an additional premium if required by the Underwriters either 9.1 until the goods are sold and delivered at such port or place or unless otherwise specially agreed until the expiry of 60 days after arrival of the goods hereby insured at such port or place whichever shall first occur or 9.2 If the goods are forwarded within the said period of 60 days(or any agreed extension thereof)to the destination named herein or to any other destination until terminated in accordance with provisions of Clause 8 above.(Change of Voyage Clause)10 Where after attachment of this insurance the destination is changed by the Assured held covered at a premium and on conditions to be arranged subject to prompt notice being to the Underwriters.(Insurable Interest Clause)CLAIMS 11 11.1 In order to recover under this insurance the Assured must have an insurable interest in the subject-matter insured at the time of the loss.11.2 Subject to 11.1 above the Assured shall be entitled to recover for insured loss occurring during the period cover by this insurance notwithstanding that the loss occurred before the contract of insurance was concluded unless the Assured were aware of the loss and the Underwriters were not.(Forwarding Charge Clause)12 Where as a result of the operation of a risk covered by this insurance the insured transit is terminated at a port or place other than that to which the subject-matter is covered under this insurance the Underwriters will reimburse the Assured for any extra charges properly and reasonably incurred in unloading storing and forwarding the subject-matter to the destination to which it is insured hereunder.This Clause 12 which does not apply to general average or salvage charges shall be subject to the exclusions contained in Clauses 4 5 6 and 7 above and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants.(Constructive Total Loss)13 No claim for Constructive Total Loss shall be recoverable hereunder unless the subject-matter insured is reasonably abandoned either on account of its actual total loss appearing to be unavoidable or because the cost of recovering reconditioning and forwarding the subject-matter to be destination to which it is insured would exceed its value on arrival.(Increased Value Clause)14 14.1 If any Increased Value insurance is effected by the Assured on the cargo insured herein the agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be increased to the total amount insured under this insurance and all Increased Value insurance covering the loss and liability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured.In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence of the amounts insured under all other insurances.14.2 Where this insurance is on Increased Value the following clause shall apply: The agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be equal to the total amount insured under the primary insurance and all Increased Value insurance covering the loss and effected on the cargo by the Assured and liability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured.In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence of the amounts insured under all other insurances.(Not to inure Clause)BENEFIT OF INSURANCE 15 This insurance shall not insure to the benefit of the carrier or other bailee.(Duty of Assured Clause)MINIMISING LOSSES 16 It is the duty of the Assured and their servants and agents in respect of loss recoverable hereunder 16.1 to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimizing such loss and 16.2 to ensure that all rights against carriers bailees or other third parties are properly preserved and exercised and the Underwriters will in addition to any loss recoverable hereunder reimburse the Assured for any charges properly and reasonably incurred in pursuance of these duties.(Waiver Clause)17 Measures taken by the Assured or the Underwriters with the object of saving protecting or recovering the subject-matter insured shall not be considered as a waiver or acceptance of abandonment or otherwise prejudice the rights of either party(Reasonable Dispatch Clause)AVOIDANCE OF DELAY 18 It is a condition of this insurance that the Assured shall act with reasonable dispatch in all circumstances within their control.(English Law and Practice Clause)LAW AND PRACTICE 19 This insurance is subject to English law and practice.
第三篇：sqlldr使用小結(jié)
sqlldr使用小結(jié)
sqlldr userid=lgone/tiger control=a.ctl
LOAD DATA
INFILE ’t.dat’ // 要導(dǎo)入的文件
// INFILE ’tt.date’ // 導(dǎo)入多個文件
// INFILE * // 要導(dǎo)入的內(nèi)容就在control文件里 下面的BEGINDATA后面就是導(dǎo)入的內(nèi)容
INTO TABLE table_name // 指定裝入的表
BADFILE ’c:＼bad.txt’ // 指定壞文件地址
************* 以下是4種裝入表的方式
APPEND // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 就加在后面
// INSERT // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) sqlloader會停止 默認值
// REPLACE // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 原先的數(shù)據(jù)會全部刪除
// TRUNCATE // 指定的內(nèi)容和replace的相同 會用truncate語句刪除現(xiàn)存數(shù)據(jù)
************* 指定的TERMINATED可以在表的開頭 也可在表的內(nèi)部字段部分
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’“’
// 裝載這種數(shù)據(jù): 10,lg,”“"lg”“",”lg,lg“
// 在表中結(jié)果: 10 lg ”lg“ lg,lg
// TERMINATED BY X ’0Array’ // 以十六進制格式 ’0Array’ 表示的// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE // 裝載這種數(shù)據(jù): 10 lg lg
TRAILING NULLCOLS ************* 表的字段沒有對應(yīng)的值時允許為空
************* 下面是表的字段
（col_1 , col_2 ,col_filler FILLER // FILLER 關(guān)鍵字 此列的數(shù)值不會被裝載
// 如: lg,lg,not 結(jié)果 lg lg)
// 當沒聲明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ 時
//（// col_1 [interger external] TERMINATED BY ’,’ ，// col_2 [date ”dd-mon-yyy“] TERMINATED BY ’,’ , // col_3 [char] TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’lg’
//)
// 當沒聲明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’用位置告訴字段裝載數(shù)據(jù)
//（// col_1 position(1:2)，// col_2 position(3:10)，// col_3 position(*:16), // 這個字段的開始位置在前一字段的結(jié)束位置
// col_4 position(1:16)，// col_5 position(3:10)char(8)// 指定字段的類型
//)
BEGINDATA // 對應(yīng)開始的 INFILE * 要導(dǎo)入的內(nèi)容就在control文件里
10,Sql,what
20,lg,show
=======================================
//////////// 注意begindata后的數(shù)值前面不能有空格***** 普通裝載
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’”’
(DEPTNO，DNAME，LOC)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,“"”USA“"”
20,Accounting,“Virginia,USA”
30,Consulting,Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia
50,“Finance”,“",Virginia // loc 列將為空
60,”Finance“，Virginia // loc 列將為空***** FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x’0Array’ 的情況
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
--FIELDS TERMINATED BY x’0Array’
(DEPTNO，DNAME，LOC)
BEGINDATA Sales Virginia ***** 指定不裝載那一列
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’”’
(DEPTNO，F(xiàn)ILLER_1 FILLER, // 下面的 “Something Not To Be Loaded” 將不會被裝載
DNAME，LOC)
BEGINDATA
20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,“Virginia,USA” ***** position的列子
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
(DEPTNO position(1:2)，DNAME position(*:16), // 這個字段的開始位置在前一字段的結(jié)束位置
LOC position(*:2Array)，ENTIRE_LINE position(1:2Array))
BEGINDATA
10Accounting Virginia,USA
***** 使用函數(shù) 日期的一種表達 TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS // 其實下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA后面的數(shù)據(jù)中是沒有直接對應(yīng)
// 的列的值的 如果第一行改為
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000， 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了
(DEPTNO，DNAME “upper(:dname)”, // 使用函數(shù)
LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED date ’dd/mm/yyyy’, // 日期的一種表達方式 還有’dd-mon-yyyy’ 等
ENTIRE_LINE “:deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated”)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1ArrayArrayArray 30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000
40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001 ***** 使用自定義的函數(shù) // 解決的時間問題
create or replace
function my_to_date(p_string in varchar2)return date
as
type fmtArray is table of varchar2(25);
l_fmts fmtArray := fmtArray(’dd-mon-yyyy’, ’dd-month-yyyy’，’dd/mm/yyyy’，’dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss’);
l_return date;
begin
for i in 1..l_fmts.count
loop
begin
l_return := to_date(p_string, l_fmts(i));
exception
when others then null;
end;EXIT when l_return is not null;
end loop;
if(l_return is null)
then
l_return :=
new_time(to_date(’01011Array70’,’ddmmyyyy’)+ 1/24/60/60 *
p_string, ’GMT’, ’EST’);
end if;
return l_return;
end;
/
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO, DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED “my_to_date(:last_updated)” // 使用自定義的函數(shù))
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7
50,Finance,Virginia,02-apr-2001
60,Finance,Virginia,Not a date ***** 合并多行記錄為一行記錄
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
concatenate 3 // 通過關(guān)鍵字concatenate 把幾行的記錄看成一行記錄
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
(DEPTNO, DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED date ’dd/mm/yyyy’)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales, // 其實這3行看成一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
Virginia，1/5/2000
// 這列子用 continueif list=“,” 也可以
告訴sqlldr在每行的末尾找逗號 找到逗號就把下一行附加到上一行
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
continueif this(1:1)= ’-’ // 找每行的開始是否有連接字符-有就把下一行連接為一行
// 如-10,Sales,Virginia，// 1/5/2000 就是一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
// 其中1:1 表示從第一行開始 并在第一行結(jié)束 還有continueif next 但continueif list最理想
INTO TABLE DEPT replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
(DEPTNO，DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED date ’dd/mm/yyyy’)
BEGINDATA // 但是好象不能象右面的那樣使用
-10,Sales,Virginia,-10,Sales,Virginia，1/5/2000 1/5/2000
-40, 40,Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001
Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001 ***** 載入每行的行號
load data
infile *
into table t
replace
(seqno RECNUM //載入每行的行號
text Position(1:1024))
BEGINDATA fsdfasj //自動分配一行號給載入 表t 的seqno字段 此行為 1
fasdjfasdfl // 此行為 2...Array ***** 載入有換行符的數(shù)據(jù)
注意: unix 和 windows 不同 ＼＼n & /n
< 1 > 使用一個非換行符的字符
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO，DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED “my_to_date(:last_updated)”，COMMENTS “replace(:comments,’＼n’,chr(10))” // replace 的使用幫助轉(zhuǎn)換換行符)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales＼nOffice in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting＼nOffice in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting＼nOffice in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,This is the Finance＼nOffice in Virginia
< 2 > 使用fix屬性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo17.dat “fix 101”
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO，DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED “my_to_date(:last_updated)”，COMMENTS)
demo17.dat 10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia
// 這樣裝載會把換行符裝入數(shù)據(jù)庫 下面的方法就不會 但要求數(shù)據(jù)的格式不同
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo18.dat “fix 101”
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’“’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO, DNAME ”upper(:dname)“，LOC ”upper(:loc)“，LAST_UPDATED ”my_to_date(:last_updated)“，COMMENTS)
demo18.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,”This is the Sales
Office in Virginia“
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,”This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia“
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,”This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia“
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,”This is the Finance
Office in Virginia“
< 3 > 使用var屬性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo1Array.dat ”var 3“
// 3 告訴每個記錄的前3個字節(jié)表示記錄的長度 如第一個記錄的 071 表示此記錄有 71 個字節(jié)
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO，DNAME ”upper(:dname)“，LOC ”upper(:loc)“，LAST_UPDATED ”my_to_date(:last_updated)“，COMMENTS)
demo1Array.dat
07110,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
07820,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
08730,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
07140,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia
< 4 > 使用str屬性
// 最靈活的一中 可定義一個新的行結(jié)尾符 win 回車換行 : chr(13)||chr(10)
此列中記錄是以 a|＼r＼n 結(jié)束的select utl_raw.cast_to_raw(’|’||chr(13)||chr(10))from dual;
結(jié)果 7C0D0A
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo20.dat ”str X’7C0D0A’“
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO，DNAME ”upper(:dname)“，LOC ”upper(:loc)“，LAST_UPDATED ”my_to_date(:last_updated)"，COMMENTS)
demo20.dat 10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia|
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia|
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia|
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia|
================================
象這樣的數(shù)據(jù) 用 nullif 子句
10-jan-200002350Flipper seemed unusually hungry today.10510-jan-20000ArrayArray45Spread over three meals.id position(1:3)nullif id=blanks // 這里可以是blanks 或者別的表達式
// 下面是另一個列子 第一行的 1 在數(shù)據(jù)庫中將成為 null
LOAD DATA INFILE *
INTO TABLE T
REPLACE
(n position(1:2)integer external nullif n=’1’，v position(3:8))
BEGINDATA 10
20lg
-----------------------------
第四篇：GridCtrl使用小結(jié)
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GridCtrl使用詳解
CGridCtrl類主要是通過grid樣式顯示數(shù)據(jù) 在單文檔中的使用方法
步驟一 初始化 在CView類的.h頭文件中包含文件:
#include “Gridctrl.h” 并且手寫加入如下的成員函數(shù):
CGridCtrl * m_pGridCtrl;步驟二 構(gòu)造與析構(gòu) 構(gòu)造函數(shù)中:
m_pGridCtrl = NULL;析構(gòu)函數(shù)中:
if(m_pGridCtrl)
delete m_pGridCtrl;步驟三 如果需要打印功能的話添加同名打印函數(shù)代碼 在CView類的OnBeginPrinting()函數(shù)中添加如下代碼: if(m_pGridCtrl)
m_pGridCtrl->OnBeginPrinting(pDC,pInfo);//簡單吧,這就是類的好處其它兩個打印函數(shù)也一樣的做法.步驟四 在OnInitaUpdate()函數(shù)中或者你自己添加的要顯示Grid的消息函數(shù)中如下初始化: //創(chuàng)建非模式對話框 CDlg *dlg;dlg=new CDlg();dlg->Create(IDD_Dlg,this);
//初始化GridCtrl控件 if(m_pGridCtrl!=NULL){ deletem_pGridCtrl;m_pGridCtrl=NULL;} if(m_pGridCtrl == NULL){ // Create the Gridctrl object m_pGridCtrl = new CGridCtrl;if(!m_pGridCtrl)return 0;// Create the Gridctrl window CRectrect;GetClientRect(rect);m_pGridCtrl->Create(rect, this, 100);// fill it up with stuff m_pGridCtrl->SetEditable(false);m_pGridCtrl->SetTextBkColor(RGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE0));//黃色背景 m_pGridCtrl->EnableDragAndDrop(false);try { m_pGridCtrl->SetRowCount(k);//設(shè)置行數(shù)為k行 m_pGridCtrl->SetColumnCount(4);//k列
m_pGridCtrl->SetFixedRowCount(1);//標題行為一行
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m_pGridCtrl->SetFixedColumnCount(1);//同上 } catch(CMemoryException* e){ e->ReportError();e->Delete();return 0;} //填充列標題 int row=0;for(int col=0;col<4;col++){ GV_ITEM Item;Item.mask = GVIF_TEXT|GVIF_FORMAT;Item.row = row;Item.col = col;if(col==0){ Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.strText.Format(_T(“【類別】”),col);} else if(col==1){ Item.nFormat = DT_LEFT|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.strText.Format(_T(“第一列”),col);} else if(col==2){ Item.nFormat = DT_LEFT|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.strText.Format(_T(“第二列”),col);} m_pGridCtrl->SetItem(&Item);} // fill rows/cols with text for(row = 1;row < k;row++)for(col = 0;col < h;col++){ GV_ITEM Item;Item.mask = GVIF_TEXT|GVIF_FORMAT;Item.row = row;Item.col = col;if(col < 1){ //行標題頭
Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER |DT_SINGLELINE|DT_END_ELLIPSIS |DT_NOPREFIX;Item.strText.Format(_T(“%d”),row);
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} else if(col==1){ //第一列的值 Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER |DT_SINGLELINE|DT_END_ELLIPSIS |DT_NOPREFIX;str=“aa”;Item.strText.Format(_T(“%s”),str);}else if(col==2){ //第二列第值 Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER |DT_SINGLELINE|DT_END_ELLIPSIS |DT_NOPREFIX;CStringstr;str=“bb”;Item.strText.Format(_T(“%s”),str);} m_pGridCtrl->SetItem(&Item);} m_pGridCtrl->AutoSize();
//--------------設(shè)置行列距------------------for(int a=1;a
步驟五: 添加WM_SIZE消息,調(diào)整控件的界面占屏幕大小
if(m_pGridCtrl->GetSafeHWnd())
{
CRectrect;
GetClientRect(rect);
m_pGridCtrl->MoveWindow(rect);
}
在對話框中的使用方法 步驟一 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)顯示表格對話框
在資源管理器中新創(chuàng)建一個對話框，假設(shè)為CDlgTestReportBox。從工具箱中加入Custom Control，就是人頭像的那個，將其區(qū)域拉伸至要顯示數(shù)據(jù)表格的大小，充滿整個對話框。
在CDlgTestReportBox類的頭文件中： #include “GridCtrl.h”
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再定義成員變量： CGridCtrl* m_pGrid;添加OnShowWindow()消息處理函數(shù)如下：
voidCDlgTestReportBox::OnShowWindow(BOOL bShow, UINT nStatus){ CDialog::OnShowWindow(bShow, nStatus);// TODO: Add your message handler code here if(m_pGrid!=NULL){ deletem_pGrid;m_pGrid=NULL;} if(m_pGrid==NULL){ m_pGrid=new CGridCtrl;CRectrect;GetDlgItem(IDC_ReportAera)->GetWindowRect(rect);//得到顯示區(qū)域 ScreenToClient(&rect);m_pGrid->Create(rect,this,100);m_pGrid->SetEditable(false);m_pGrid->SetTextBkColor(RGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE0));//黃色背景 try { m_pGrid->SetRowCount(10);//初始為10行
m_pGrid->SetColumnCount(11);//初始化為11列 m_pGrid->SetFixedRowCount(1);//表頭為一行 m_pGrid->SetFixedColumnCount(1);//表頭為一列 } catch(CMemoryException* e){ e->ReportError();e->Delete();// return FALSE;} for(int row = 0;row
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{ Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.szText.Format(_T(“報表顯示”),col);} else if(row < 1)//設(shè)置0行表頭顯示 { Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.szText.Format(_T(“ 項目%d”),col);} else if(col < 1)//設(shè)置0列表頭顯示 { if(row
步驟二 嵌入上面的對話框 顯示數(shù)據(jù)
在你需要顯示數(shù)據(jù)的對話框上的頭文件中，假設(shè)為CDlgTest，加入 #include ”GridCtrl.h“ CDlgTestReportBox* m_pTestReportBox;將數(shù)據(jù)顯示對話框放入你的對話框相應(yīng)位置上，在CDlgTest::OnInitDialog()中：
if(!m_pTestReportBox){
m_pTestReportBox=new CDlgTestReportBox(this);} m_pTestReportBox->Create(IDD_DlgTestReportBox,this);
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//定義區(qū)域變量 CRectrectDraw;GetDlgItem(IDC_AeraReport)->GetWindowRect(rectDraw);ScreenToClient(&rectDraw);//動態(tài)測試數(shù)據(jù)顯示區(qū)域rectDraw //將對應(yīng)的對話框放到指定區(qū)域 m_pTestReportBox->MoveWindow(rectDraw);m_pTestReportBox->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);自定義填充數(shù)據(jù)的函數(shù)：CDlgTest::FillGrid()如下： CGridCtrl* pGrid=m_pTestReportBox->m_pGrid;for(int row = pGrid->GetRowCount()-1;row >= pGrid->GetRowCount()-3;row--){ for(int col = 1;col <= pGrid->GetColumnCount();col++){ GV_ITEM Item;Item.mask = GVIF_TEXT|GVIF_FORMAT;Item.row = row;Item.col = col;if(row==pGrid->GetRowCount()-3&&col>0)//平均值 { if(col==10){ Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.szText.Format(_T(” %6.2f “),avjch);} else{ Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.szText.Format(_T(” %6.2f “),av[col-1]);} } pGrid->SetItem(&Item);//提交數(shù)據(jù) if(row==0||col==0){ COLORREF clr = RGB(0, 0, 0);pGrid->SetItemBkColour(row, col, clr);pGrid->SetItemFgColour(row, col, RGB(255,0,0));} }//循環(huán)結(jié)束
pGrid->Invalidate();} CGRIFCTRL原理：
DBGRID和一般的GRID的不同之處在于，一般的GRID并不適合顯示大的數(shù)據(jù)量，如果一個表中有上萬條記錄都要插入到GRID中，這將是一個很慢的過程，并且在GRID中移動滾動條時，它的記錄的滾動也是很慢。而DBGRID并不會真正把這些記錄的數(shù)據(jù)全部插入到控件中，當DBGRID的滾動條滾動時，它會根據(jù)DBGRID的顯示面積的大小和查詢得到的總記錄數(shù)計算出當前應(yīng)該顯示哪些行，然后插入
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到表格中，這樣一來，速度肯定快，而且沒有數(shù)據(jù)量多少的限制。幸運的是，CGridCtrl類已經(jīng)為我們提供了這種機制，它是采用虛模式實現(xiàn)的。使用這種方式，即使你向這個該控件插入一百萬條數(shù)據(jù)，它并不會真的生成一百萬行，而是隨著你的滾動條的滾動，計算出在屏幕上要顯示的行和列，然后會向你提供一個接口，通過這個接口，你可以在這兒設(shè)置你要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)。下面給出使用CGridCtrl控件的虛模式的步驟： 步驟一 初始化
在視圖的初始化函數(shù)里添加如下代碼：
void SetVirtualMode(TRUE)
設(shè)為虛模式
BOOL SetRowCount(intnRows)
設(shè)置總的行數(shù)。
BOOL SetFixedRowCount(intnFixedRows = 1)
設(shè)置固定的行數(shù)據(jù) BOOL SetColumnCount(intnCols)
設(shè)置列數(shù) BOOL SetFixedColumnCount(intnFixedCols = 1)設(shè)置固定的列數(shù) 步驟二 響應(yīng)消息 顯示數(shù)據(jù)
我們假設(shè)CGridCtrl是放在單文檔視圖中，而且它關(guān)聯(lián)的變量是m_GridCtrl,利用ClassWizard添加視圖的OnNotify響應(yīng)函數(shù)。這個響應(yīng)函數(shù)的寫法是固定的，類似下面的代碼：
BOOL CGridCtrlTestView::OnNotify(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam, LRESULT* pResult){ if(wParam ==(WPARAM)m_Grid.GetDlgCtrlID()){ *pResult = 1;GV_DISPINFO *pDispInfo =(GV_DISPINFO*)lParam;if(GVN_GETDISPINFO == pDispInfo->hdr.code){ //這是添加的函數(shù)，在這個函數(shù)里設(shè)置當前要顯示的數(shù)據(jù) SetGridItem(pDispInfo);return TRUE;} } returnCGridCtrlTestView::OnNotify(wParam, lParam, pResult);} 在上面的代碼中，SetGridItem(pDispInfo)是添加的函數(shù)，在這個函數(shù)里我們設(shè)置當前要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)。pDispInfo是一個GV_DISPINFO的結(jié)構(gòu)體對象，它包含了每個單元格的信息，如行號，列號，有沒有位圖，背景色，前景色等。CGRIDCTRL會把當前要顯示那個單元格行號，列號傳遞給我們，我們只要設(shè)置里面顯示的數(shù)據(jù)就可以了。如下面是一個顯示數(shù)據(jù)的例子。
voidCGridCtrlTestView::SetGridItem(GV_DISPINFO *pDispInfo){
pDispInfo->item.strText.Format(”row%d,col%d",pDispInfo->it
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em.row, pDispInfo->item.col);}
第五篇：git使用小結(jié)
git使用小結(jié)
1.git-config 配置git，一般需要配置的是user.name，user.email，有時sendemail.smtpserver也要配置，比如，我使用msmtp：
git-config –global sendemail.smtpserver /usr/local/bin/msmtp 如果你僅僅是想給這一個項目配置，把–global選項去掉。查看配置的選項是–list。2.git-pull git-pull沒必要帶后面那長長的url（-_-b 我那么用了好多次，不過我用的是!git-pull）。如果你在給Linux內(nèi)核這樣的項目工作，記得git-pull之前檢查是不是在master分支。3.git-format-patch 如果發(fā)送多于一個補丁，最好用[PATCH n/m]的形式，加上-n。加signed-off-by那行是-s。指定為幾次commit生成補丁，直接加數(shù)字，比如，$ git-format-patch-3 檢查補丁是–check，最好加上這個。4.git-send-email 如果一次提交補丁比較多，最好用–no-chain-reply-to，因為如果不用的話，在thread嵌套會太深，不利于別人閱讀。這個也可以通過選項sendemail.chainreplyto來控制。–signed-off-by-cc，要加上，可以省去手工處理的麻煩。–compose用來編輯[PATCH 0/m]，這個一般是對整個patchset的描述。–smtp-server，如果你不想用git-config指定的話，用它也行。–cc和–to就不用說了。5.git-commit 在git-commit之前最好git-add。git-commit幾個常用的選項有：-s 會增加Signed-off-by行，-e編輯commit message，-a表示all，-m是指定commit信息。同樣，刪除文件是先git-rm。查看commit列表用git-rev-list，查看某個commit用git-show，查看commit的日志用git-log，-p是以補丁的形式查看。6.其它 git-diff也可以比較不同版本之間的差異，某個版本的某個文件的差異，如： $ git-diff v2.6.22 $ git diff v2.6.20 init/main.c $ git-diff v2.6.23 v2.6.24-rc1 init/main.c git-whatchanged也差不多： $ git-whatchanged-p init/main.c 7.錯誤提交了commit怎么辦？ a)git-revert 這個本身就會產(chǎn)生一個commit，如果用得多了會讓你的log看起來不那么干凈。;-)b)git-reset 用這個要當心，它會把那個commit之后的commit全部刪除。一個好的辦法是：先建立一個臨時的分支，然后再git-reset，再git-rebase，最后再刪除臨時的分支。詳細可以看這里。
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