第一篇：鴉片戰爭英文小結

The history and influence of the First Opium War Opium War

We can find the description “The First Opium War Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842.It is the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations betweenChina under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire” from Wikipedia.From the description above,we can choose some key word: opium,war,trade,diplomate.First we should review some history about the 1840s.In the middle of 18 century, Britain first started the industrialrevolution.The sounds of Steaming bring the fast development of commodity productivity.So it shall open foreign markets to realize the dumping of goods.The vast domestic market of China is their preferred destinations.But the low Chinese demand for European goods, and high European demand for Chinese goods, including tea, silk, and porcelain, forced European merchants to purchase these goods with silver, the only commodity the Chinese would accept.And that made British arise the trend to use opium to open the chinese market.To balance the huge merchandise trade deficit and save the result of running out of silver reserves, as well as to satisfy demand of Chinese tea, British decided to trade more opium to China.The East India Co.had started usingopium to trade Chinese commodities instead of silver since the end of 18 century.More and more chinese people indicted to opium, including soldiers and administration officials.And In 1839, Daoguang emperor appointed Lin as imperial commissioner to wipe out opium trade.As a result,it become the trigger for the opium war.In August 1842, the first Opium War was ended with disastrous defeat of China.British authority forced Qing government to sign the first unequal treaty in modern history “Treaty of Nanjing ”.“Treaty of Nanjing ”makes British get extraterritoriality and consular jurisdiction.And it becomes a worst start of modern china’s history.In addition, as we know,our customs lost our rights of administration.As far as i am concerned,Opium War is an important turning point in Chinese history.What the war bring us is not just the sadness,but the experiment that:”Delays are dangerous”.

第二篇：鴉片戰爭英文小結

The history and influence of the First Opium War Opium War

We can find the description “The First Opium War Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842.It is the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations betweenChina under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire” from Wikipedia.From the description above,we can choose some key word: opium,war,trade,diplomate.First we should review some history about the 1840s.In the middle of 18 century, Britain first started the industrialrevolution.The sounds of Steaming bring the fast development ofcommodity productivity.So it shall open foreign markets to realize the dumping of goods.The vast domestic market of China is their preferred destinations.But thelow Chinese demand for European goods, and high European demand for Chinese goods, including tea, silk, and porcelain, forced European merchants to purchase these goods with silver, the only commodity the Chinese would accept.And that made British arise the trend to use opium to open the chinese market.To balance the huge merchandise trade deficit and save the result of running out of silver reserves, as well as to satisfy demand of Chinese tea, British decided to trade more opium to China.The East India Co.had started usingopium to trade Chinese commodities instead of silver since the end of 18 century.More and more chinese people indicted to opium, including soldiers and administration officials.And In 1839, Daoguang emperor appointed Lin as imperial commissioner to wipe out opium trade.As a result,it become the trigger for the opium war.In August 1842, the first Opium War was ended with disastrous defeat of China.British authority forced Qing government to sign the first unequal treaty

in modern history “Treaty of Nanjing ”.“Treaty of Nanjing ”makes British get extraterritoriality and consular jurisdiction.And it becomes a worst start of modern china’s history.In addition, as we know,our customs lost our rights of administration.As far as i am concerned,Opium War is an important turning point in Chinese history.What the war bring us is not just the sadness,but the experiment that:”Delays are dangerous”.

第三篇：年終小結英文

篇一：個人年終總結(英文版)annual personal summary the new year is around the corner and in the soon-to-last 2010, there are so many memorable moments.annual summary i take up new work as a sales, which is both familiar and strange to me.much difference from translation, this position is not only interesting but also full of challenges.because things are not in your hands and one years accumulation(with colleagues’ help)makes me more mature both in attitude and personality.every success would bring me a little more confidence;every encouragement would make me happy all day long;every positive smile in leaders eyes would make me more staunch.i would like to face the challenges and i am pleasant to conquer any obstacles in work, in which process my potential seems to be unleashed.i like this kind of sensation and also i hope to win the friendship of all the colleagues.new year wish

leadership turns over the handling various tasks, take overall responsibility the overall situation, to plan as a whole processing major problem, coordinating internal and external relations and active work resumption administrative ability obtained the further exercise and improve.we briefly summed up as follows:

兩年來，我積極參加各類政治學習，認真學習黨的基礎理論和各項方針政策，重視對黨的十七大精神特別是學校第三次黨代會精神的學習，深刻領會其精神實質，并結合學習深刻剖析自己工作中的不足，找出自己的差距，寫出心得體會，自覺以科學發展觀和校黨代會精神來指導自己的工作實踐，時刻注意自己的言行與黨中央保持一致，努力提高自己的政治水平和理論修養。

second, conscientious, the solid work, honesty and self-discipline, administrative resumption ability has been improved.兩年來，自己始終保持奮發有為的精神狀態，服從領導，顧全大局，嚴以律己，務實苦干。作為領導的副手,對總經理交辦的工作,從不討價還價，保質保量完成;對自己分內的工作積極對待，努力完成，做到既不越位，又要到位，更不失職;在同班子其他幾位同志的工作協調上，做到真誠相待，互幫互學。two years, oneself always keep promising mental state, obey leadership, pay 通過兩年多的工作磨練，在工作中自己能夠做到思路清晰，重點突出，責任明確，行政履職能力上了一個新臺階：一是培養了自己不畏困難、克服困難的精神。能夠以積極的心態應對和處理在工作中出現的困難和問題，克服了以往工作中的急躁和畏難情緒。二是提高了承擔責任的勇氣和能力。在工作中努力做到公正、公平，遇事敢于負責勇于負責，不貪功不諉過，不推諉不扯皮。三是進一步提高了自己總攬大局、統籌全局、顧全大局的能力，進一步認識到團結合作的重要性。團結凝心聚力，團結出干勁，團結出成績，在工作中珍惜共事機緣，自覺加強團結與合作。四是提高了自己協調內外關系和處理重大問題的能力。

three, forge ahead, and actively work, work have made new progress, to achieve a new breakthrough.1, vigorously promotes the campus environment greening health window construction, carefully clean campus every inch of the land, scientific maintenance every tree flowers and trees, and strive for teachers and students to create an elegant, clean and beautiful life learning environment, for the school won the national model green unit and liaocheng successfully created the national health city has made a positive contribution.2, to the patriotic health responsibility to the division and adjustment, and in every college health responsibility area setting the health division of 篇二：英文版的年終總結

有英文寫年終總結

個人的年終總結和工作的年終總結會有所區別，一起來看看該怎么寫、要包含哪些內容吧！

year-end recap it is critical that you develop a year-end recap and send it out to as many people as possible.this will let then know your successes as well as challenges in the past year.you can use this to brag about the successes, which can lead to more support as well as budget.in addition, by outlining the challenges you may be able to motivate others to help and or make appropriate changes within their teams that will help you prevent these problems.annual traffic & sales review reviewing your inbound traffic and conversions across the year to look for trends or new phrases is a great opportunity to identify new markets, keywords or countries that may have been overlooked in the monthly reviews.when you look at the trends over an entire year you can often find months that are higher or lower than normal and can adjust your annual or quarterly plans to maximize these spikes.keyword glossaries keyword research and modeling that may need to be added to the glossary as well as words replaced with those which have more demand or better match searcher’s intent.if any new products were added this year, they should be added to the glossary as well to make sure that the most relevant versions are integrated.site-wide diagnostics new year/new tactics lunch & learn schedule a variety of lunch and learns with your various teams to update them on any new techniques and updates like avoiding panda penalties.it is often good to update any new employees that were added in the past few moths on the best practices they may not be aware of.end of life products as product reach their “end of life” for marketing they are removed from the site.while they are no longer sold, they are still being used by consumers that will need replacement parts, services and hopefully upgrades.you can create a hybrid page that represents these options for consumers and replace the previous product page to allow you to continue to capture those still interested in your products.any of these can help find nuggets of opportunities that will help you look good in the first quarter.it will also help you to make budget justifications and support additional headcount or agency budgets for specific roles.most importantly, you should have a good idea of the overall progress and what opportunities you have for improvement in the new year.篇三：年終小結英文

年終小結英文

1、年終小結英文

1.database daily monitoring and maintenance real-time local factories and cic, open the database operation monitoring, such as db lock, cpu and memory usage, wait event, etc.periodic table space usage, the database backup status monitoring.2.database emergency and emergency treatment database on op reports an exception for timely processing, such as shutdown, alter db log an error ora-, table space-thresholds, archiving, and backup failed, etc.3, database optimization on the business performance of the database for tuning, and monitoring to identify slow-running sql.through the optimization of the database on lntdern1_lntprod to cpu usage significantly decreased, as poland has done a project online.there are also on lgesymdbsy1m_chmes, lgent_ntmes, lnt-xm, sql tuning, some business module performance has dramatically improved.4, database, and backup and recovery on the part of the plant database do backup policy adjustments.if lgent_gspisnd lgechmwddbj0q_ezptest lgehn_mes, etc, due to business needs, create and deploy a new database, such as the cnmas, chnatmt 6, domestic travel project and human support(3).daily to fuzhou mkl database monitoring and maintenance 7.participation in the database migration and integration 8, keb rac database environment monitoring and maintenance 9, new technology and skills upgrading of learning through their own learning, on aix, solaris, unix, linux systems have a better understanding of oracle 10g11g enhances learning the next annual work plans and prospects: 1.do a good job database daily monitoring and maintenance work.2.database emergency treatment to more timely and accurate.3, conscientious and individual business sector database support.individual assessment and concluded: in a years work, i feel my ability of technology has dramatically improved, so i hope the new year wage increase can be adapted to reflect my values.thank you!

2、年終小結英文

time flies and i have been working at this department for over a year.i am honored to be given the opportunity to handle two projects which help me accumulate more working experience.at the same time, i still find much room for improvement on my part, e.g.i have much to learn from my colleagues about the technique of soliciting the clients.although my performance this year is not at all satisfactory, i will put more effort in 20xx, in a strive to attain better performance.3、年終小結英文

dell to work for nearly a year.also learned a lot of knowledge and technology.the most important is to learn the job and working attitude.1.when beginning to dell.is a very strange environment for anything.dont know.its also met so many questions.for me, the best way is to put the record troubleshooting.every time a new problems that are organized into their notes or document that appear similar problems can quickly after the solution.3.when there is a problem.the methods to solve the problems actually there will be many.but only one best way.when problems arise when the work under simple analysis process.make a clear, and efficiency of working process is very important.but must be good at summing up.many server broken, for example, memory and disk after such a motherboard hardware problems.under normal circumstances should be to apply for to buy new again, but can be found in the server these home before the server can provide the corresponding hardware replace(premise is to replace the hardware specifications must match.)this is neither can solve problems can also reduce unnecessary costs.dalian on the server is so many home in the server drop again.4.when faced with a new problem didnt know how to solve.absolutely not relying on their ideas or experience to do.to understand must consult the expert predecessors.only in this way can we know what to do, why do, what to do good to others.when will consult the euphemism polite people not to ask.篇四：英文年終總結寫法

年底事情多，一邊忙著節日送禮，一邊還要忙著做年終總結。你可以把這篇文字作為送給自己的一份禮物。

of course, you may have already done at least some preliminary work on reviewing the year--especially if your employer hands out year-end bonuses or conducts year-end performance reviews--and if so, thats a good place to start your year-end review.[/en 你可能已經做過一些基本的回顧了，特別是在老板給你發年終獎的時候，或者是在做全年業績匯報的時候。

[en]but unlike your on-the-job performance review, the purpose of this article is to suggest you consider conducting an even more important assessment--taking stock of your career.now is the perfect time to review where you are, where youve been, and where you want to go.但是，這個總結和你做的業績匯報不同，它是用來觀察評估你的職業生涯的，具有更重要的評估功能。

before you begin your assessment, take a moment to ask yourself the most important question: am i happy and fulfilled by my job and career? no matter how successful youve been in the past 11 months, if you are fundamentally unhappy with your work, spend the vast majority of your year-end review focusing on self-assessment and discovering your career passion.不要急著去寫總結。可以用一周甚至更久去好好思考回顧一下你的職業生涯。你不需要，也最好不要一下子就把這六步全部完成。

第一步：回顧職業目標。今年你有沒有為自己定下過職業目標，無論是正式的還是非正式的？大多數人都會為自己的職業定個目標，比如獲得升職加薪，或者能更好地平衡工作和生活。

* did i achieve my career goals? * am i satisfied with what i did relative to my goals? * did anything happen to change my goals over the course of the year? * how should i modify my goals for next year? 我達到我的職業目標了嗎？

我對自己做的與職業目標相關的事情滿意嗎？

在過去的一年里，有沒有什么事情改變了我的職業目標？

我該怎么樣去完善我明年的職業目標？

step two: review your career year.what have you done this year? this step is about documenting your career progression and identifying key achievements.thinking about all youve done over the past 11 months or so, ask yourself these questions: 第二步：回顧一年工作。

* what new skills have i acquired? * what have i learned? * what opportunities were gained and lost? * how am i better today than i was at the beginning of the year? 我取得了哪些成績？

我學會了什么新的技能？

我學到了些什么？

我得到了哪些機會，又失去了哪些機會？

現在的我比今年年初的我好在了哪里？

step three: develop your career synopsis.where are you in your career? review all aspects of your career and examine where you stand at this juncture.some questions to ask yourself: 第三步：完善你的職業概要。

* am i where i should be in my career? * what has helped or hindered my progression? * am i happy with my current employer? * what are my strengths and weakness? 我有沒有達到自己職業生涯應該達到的位置？

是什么幫助了或者阻礙了我的職業發展？

我對現在的雇主是否滿意？

我的優勢和劣勢是什么？

step four: envision your future.whats your next career step? take some time to plan for next year(and perhaps beyond), picturing the path you want your career to take.again, here are some questions to help you: 第四步：展望你的職業前景。

第四篇：鴉片戰爭

鴉片戰爭

一、導入新課

在上新課之前，同學們跟我一起來看一下這張世界地圖，在亞歐大陸的最東邊和最西邊有兩個國家，一個是中國，一個是英國。在十九世紀上半葉航海工具主要是帆船的時代，相距如此遙遠的兩個國家為什么會爆發戰爭呢？我們帶著這個問題來共同學習今天的新課——鴉片戰爭。

二、新課學習

1、歷史背景

請同學們把課本翻開到50頁，我們先來了解一下這場戰爭的背景。這個背景要從鴉片戰爭前的中國和英國兩國的對比來了解著這個問題。請同學們認真的閱讀課本的前言和前兩個自然段。然后畫出中國和英國的一些對比情況，一些關鍵的詞語，那我們從哪些方面進行對比呢，從這樣幾個方面，政治、經濟、軍事還有外交進行對比，好，下面時間給你們。請同學們在書上找出來并畫出來，然后找同學來回答。找一找，畫一畫。畫完之后呢，同桌之間可以討論一下。好了嗎？你來說一下你找到的這四個方面的情況，中國和英國分別敘述。先說政治方面中國跟英國的不同。下面經濟方面，然后。請坐。

我們具體的一個個來看，先看政治方面，政治上，中國是封建君主專制，當時呢中國社會應該是出于封建社會末期，吏治腐敗，像那些我們耳熟能詳的“三年清知府，十萬雪花銀”就能反映這一情況，封建社會已經在做下坡路了，這是中國的證制度情況。那英國呢，1689英國頒布了《權利法案》，因此確立了君主立憲政體，兩者相比，資本主義制度更先進一些。

在經濟上，中國是自給自足的自然經濟，政府財政困難。當時英國正在發生什么（工業革命），工業革命后，資本主義經濟迅速發展，在十九世紀中期的時候，英國也是率先完成了工業革命，成為頭號資本主義強國。

那么我們再看，軍事上的表現，同學們看這兩幅圖片，我們不難看出中國的船都是木質的，軍備廢弛，當時英國經過工業革命，船堅炮利，英國也正是用船堅炮利打開了中國的大門。

再來看外交方面的表現，同學們看這兩張圖片，一張是生活在鳥籠里的中國皇帝和大臣，他們認為生活在這樣的環境里多安全呀，這說明我們中國當時實行什么政策呀（閉關鎖國），僅僅開放廣州一處為通商口岸，當時的清政府還是以天朝上國自居。而當時的英國進行工業革命，需要廣闊的市場和原材料，所以英國進行殖民擴張與掠奪。

我們通過這四個方面進行對比，總結一下，在政治上，中國是封建國家，政治腐敗。英國是先進的資本主義國家。經濟上，中國是落后的自然經濟，政法財政困難，而英國完成了工業革命，商品經濟發達。在軍事上，清政府軍事廢弛，英國船堅炮利。在外交上，清政府閉關鎖國，英國殖民擴張與掠奪。

根據鴉片戰爭的背景我們可以讀出這樣一個結論，中國腐朽的落后封建制度難以抵抗英國先進的資本主義制度。

2、原因

好了，我們來學習第二個問題，你們說中國和英國爆發這個戰爭的原因，為什么英國要對中國要輸入鴉片呢，那么在之前，中英之間用有沒有一些正常的貿易呢，有正常貿易，為什么又要改為主要輸入鴉片，向中國輸入鴉片的目的是什么？這是第二個問題，同學們也看課本，鴉片戰爭前中英的正常貿易情況是什么樣的呢？你來說一下，（受自然經濟的抵制，英國商品銷路不暢，在兩國貿易中，中國處于出超地位，）對，當時雙方的貿易情況是什么樣的呢？這是一個概念問題，什么事出超？什么是入超？出超就是出口額大于進口額，反之，入超就是進口額大于出口額。鴉片戰爭之前的中國是出于出超地位，英國處于入超地位。英國正常的貿易掙不了錢，為了扭轉貿易逆差，想了什么辦法？（走私鴉片）。我們看屏幕上的這個表格，英國向中國走私鴉片的激增表，從1799年的4000多箱到1839年的40000多箱。我們多知道，吸食鴉片有很大的危害，思考吸食鴉片到底給中國的社會帶來哪些危害呢？我們通過這樣一些材料來分析。這是一幅圖片，當時中國人正在煙館吸食鴉片，我們能看出人的身心健康會受到很大危害。我們來看第二幅圖，英國鴉片輸入與中國白銀外流的表格，你看這個數據，鴉片輸入在增加，白銀外流的數據也在增加。我們往下看，我們看這個資料，說明鴉片的輸入對我們造成了什么危害呢？軍隊戰斗力下降，也就是說當英國拿著洋槍洋炮，我們得清兵拿著大煙槍。我們來總結一下，除了我們剛剛說的對人的身心健康造成恨得危害，經濟上：大量白銀外流，嚴重影響清政府的財政，同時也加重了農民的負擔。政治上：統治更加腐敗。軍事上：軍隊戰斗力下降。

3、虎門銷煙

面對這種情況，這種局勢，作為清政府有良知、有愛過、愛民之心的官員，將會采取什么樣的措施？（禁煙）道館皇帝派林則徐去禁煙，這就是我們所說的虎門銷煙。時間是1839年的6月3號到6月25日。我們課本上也有林則徐的圖片，我們可以看一下，在必修3的時候我們會重點來介紹林則徐。

思考：有人認為：鴉片戰爭“純粹是林則徐偏激的禁煙運動激化了中外民族矛盾所致，如果沒有林則徐的虎門銷煙，英國就不會發動戰爭?！边@種觀點對嗎？為什么？

不對?；㈤T銷煙只是導火索，只是借口，即使沒有虎門銷煙，英國也會找其他借口來發動戰爭，因為根本原因是蓄意打開中國市場，掠奪材料。

4、鴉片戰爭的經過

這場戰爭是必然的，那我們來看第二部分，鴉片戰爭，請同學們快速瀏覽課文，看看鴉片戰爭分為幾個階段？你來說下，分為幾個階段。請坐。這個過程分為兩個階段。

第一階段：1840年6月到1841年5月，先是封鎖廣州，然后進攻廈門，接著貢獻了定海，最后打到天津，威脅北京，這是清政府大為惶恐，道光皇帝查辦林則徐，改派琦善與英國議和。

第二階段是從184的年6月到1842年8月，英國侵占香港島，我們要知道香港地區包括香港島、九龍和新界三部分。英國占領的只是香港島。然后進攻廈門，最后逼近南京。這個過程里面我們要注意下在廣州，發生一件近代中國人民反抗外來侵略斗爭的開端的一次事件。在這里有三元里人民的抗英斗爭，就是普通老百姓的抗英斗爭，因為英國軍隊拿著洋槍洋炮在這個地方燒殺搶掠，激起了當地百姓的反抗，可以說三元里人民的抗英斗爭解開了近代中國人民反抗外來侵略斗爭開端。除了老百姓自發的斗爭之外，在鎮江這個地方也出現了一位愛國將領海靈，我們看書上怎么說的，最后全部壯烈殉國，你們看這些將士浴血奮戰，為國捐軀，表現出偉大的愛國主義以及高尚的情操，也是值得我們后人敬仰的。

這就是戰爭的兩個階段，我們知道清政府以戰敗告終，并且簽訂了喪權辱國的《南京條約》。請同學們快速瀏覽課本，看《南京條約》的內容是什么？賠款，割香港島給英國，五口通商，協定關稅。除了《南京條約》還有附件《虎門條約》，英法也趁火打劫與清政府簽訂了《望廈條約》和《黃埔條約》。

三、影響

結合中英《南京條約》及附件的主要內容，分析一下，鴉片戰爭給中國造成了什么影響？

1、中國大門被迫打開，主權和領土完成遭到破壞。

2、中國由一個獨立自主的封建國家開始淪為半殖民地半封建社國家。

3、自給自足的自然經濟開始瓦解，中國被卷入資本主義世界市場。

四、鴉片戰爭中國戰敗的原因

鴉片戰爭對中國影響深遠，呀啊片戰爭中過戰敗的原因是什么？

1、客觀——英國綜合國力強大，早有準備

2、主觀——清政府政治經濟軍事全面落后，指揮不力

3、根本原因——中國腐朽落后的封建制度那一抵抗心形的資本主義制度。

五、總結，你有什么收獲。

六、同學們想一下，們面對如此龐大中國市場，西方人簡直欣喜若狂，但真的如他們所想那樣嗎？我們下節課來繼續學習。

第五篇：引言(英文小結)

引言小結譯文

1.Throughout the post-World War Ⅱ era, the world，s economies have become increasingly

interdependent in terms of the movement of goods and services, business enterprise, capital, and technology.2.Proponents of an open trading system contend that international trade results in higher levels of

consumption and investment, lower prices of commodities and a wider range of product choices for consumers.Arguments against free trade tend to be voiced during periods of excess production capacity and high unemployment.3.International competitiveness can be analyzed in terms of a firm, an industry, and a nation.Key to the

concept of competitiveness is a productivity, or output per worker hour.4.Researchers have shown that exposure to competition with the world leader in an industry improves a

firm’s performance in that industry.Global competitiveness is a bit like sports: You get better by playing against folks who are better than you.5.Although international trade helps workers in export industries, workers in import-competing

industries feel the threat of foreign competition.They often see their job and wage levels undermined by cheap foreign labour.6.As a rough measure of the importance of international trade in a nation’s economy, we can look at the

nation’s exports and imports as a percentage of its gross domestic product（GDP）.This ratio is known as openness.7.A sudden removal of trade barriers might harm producers and workers in protected industries.It may

be costly to transfer quickly the protected resources to other, more productive activities.Gradual removal of the barriers would minimize this shock effect and the accompanying cost of relocation.8.The World Trade Organization’s summit meeting in Seattle, Washington, in 1999 attests to a

globalization backlash in opposition to continued liberalization of trade, foreign investment, and foreign immigration.