第一篇：必修一第二單元課文翻譯

At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before.在16世紀(jì)末，大約有五至七百萬人講英語。幾乎所有這些講英語的人都住在英格蘭。在其后的一個世紀(jì)中，英格蘭人為征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，結(jié)果世界的其他地方的人們也開始說英語了。今天，把英語作為自己的第一語言、第二語言或外語來使用的人比以往任何時候都多。

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Look at this example:

British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?

American Amy: Yes, I’d like to come up to your apartment.以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講不是同一種英語，他們也能彼此聽懂。請看看這個例子：

英國人貝蒂：來看看我的公寓嗎？

美國人艾米：好的，我來看看你的公寓吧。

So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoken first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.那么，隨著時間的推移英語為什么發(fā)生了變化呢？實(shí)際上，當(dāng)不同文化相互交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所發(fā)展和變化。開始，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年之間所說的英語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。當(dāng)時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，不像我們現(xiàn)在說的英語。后來，大約在公元800年至1150年之間，英語慢慢變得不那么像德語，因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)治英格蘭的那些人開始是說丹麥語，后來說法語。這些新來的定居者豐富了英語語言，尤其是豐富了英語詞匯。所以到17世紀(jì)初的時候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時候都豐富的詞匯。1620年一些英國定居者來到了美洲，后來到了18世紀(jì)的時候，一些英國人還被帶到了澳大利亞。英語也就開始在這兩個國家使用。

Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后到19世紀(jì)的時候，英語這種語言就變得穩(wěn)定了。當(dāng)時，英語的拼寫發(fā)生了兩個很大 的變化：先是塞繆爾?約翰遜編寫了他的英語詞典，后是諾亞?韋伯斯特出版了《美國英語詞典》。后者使得美式英語的拼寫有了其獨(dú)特的個性。

English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.現(xiàn)在英語在南亞地區(qū)也被作為外語或第二語言使用。比如，印度就有很多人說英語說得很流利，因?yàn)樵?765年到1947年之間英國統(tǒng)治著印度。在此期間，英語成了印度政府和教育所用的語言。在新加坡和馬來西亞以及像非洲的南非，人們現(xiàn)在也說英語。當(dāng)今，在中國學(xué)英語的人數(shù)正在快速增加，事實(shí)上，中國可能是學(xué)英語人數(shù)最多的國家。中國式英語是否也能發(fā)展成一種具有自己獨(dú)特個性的語言？這還有待時間去證明。

第二篇：高中英語必修五第二單元課文及翻譯

-必修5

Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading

PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY

People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England.Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”.Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas(eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans.There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.It is the centre of national government and its administration.It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.There has been four sets of invaders of England.The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads.The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government.The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.人們可能會奇怪為什么用不同的詞語來描述英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭這四個國家。如果你研究英國的歷史，你就能夠弄明白這個問題。

首先是英格蘭。威爾士于公元13世紀(jì)就同英格蘭聯(lián)合起來了。如今只要有人提起英格蘭，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)威爾士總是包

括在內(nèi)的。然后，于17世紀(jì)英格蘭、威爾士同蘇格蘭聯(lián)合起來，名字改為大不列顛。令人慶幸的是，當(dāng)蘇格蘭的詹姆士國王成為英格蘭和威爾士的國王時，這三個國家在無（軍事）沖突的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合。最后在20世紀(jì)初通過同樣的和平方式，英國政府盡力把愛爾蘭也納入進(jìn)來，組成了聯(lián)合王國。然而，愛爾蘭的南部卻不情愿這樣并分離出去建立了自己的政府。因此只有北愛爾蘭同英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭聯(lián)合起來組成了聯(lián)合王國，這一點(diǎn)從新的聯(lián)合王國國旗（“聯(lián)合杰克”）上就可以看得出來。

值得稱贊的是：這四個國家在一些方面（比方說在貨幣和國際關(guān)系上），它們的確是共同合作的，但是有些制度仍然區(qū)別很大。例如，北愛爾蘭、英格蘭和蘇格蘭在教育體制和立法體制上都存在著差異，并且它們有著各自的足球隊(duì)參加像世界杯之類的比賽！

在這四個國家中，英格蘭是最大的。為了方便，它大致可以劃分為三個地區(qū)。最靠近法國的那個地區(qū)叫做英格蘭南部，中部地區(qū)叫英格蘭中部，最靠近蘇格蘭的那個地區(qū)叫英格蘭北部。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分人口居住在南部，但是大部分工業(yè)城市在中部和北部。雖然就全國范圍來說，這些城市都不像中國的城市那樣大，但是它們都有著世界聞名的足球

隊(duì)，有的城市甚至還有兩個隊(duì)！令人遺憾的是這些建于19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)城市并不能吸引游客。要找歷史性的建筑你得去羅馬人建造的更古老的但是比較小的城鎮(zhèn)。在那兒你能找到更多有關(guān)英國歷史和文化的東西。

第三篇：第二單元課文翻譯

全新版大學(xué)英語（第二版）綜合教程4二單元課文翻譯（Test A）

(Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, and talk? And drive on their own? This may sound like a dream，能看、能聽、有知覺、具嗅覺、會說話的智能汽車？還能自動駕駛？這聽起來或許像是在做夢，但計算機(jī)革命正致力于把這一切變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。

Smart CarsMichio Kaku

1.Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution.智能汽車

加來道雄

即便是過去70年間基本上沒有多少變化的汽車工業(yè)，也將感受到

計算機(jī)革命的影響。2.The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people.Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the world's biggest manufacturing industry.汽車工業(yè)是20世紀(jì)最賺錢、最有影響力的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。目前世界上有5億輛車，或者說每10人就有1輛車。汽車工業(yè)的銷售額達(dá)一萬億美元左右，從而成為世界上最大的制造業(yè)。

3.The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.The key to tomorrow's “smart cars” will be sensors.“We'll see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporation's ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future.汽車及其行駛的道路，將在21世紀(jì)發(fā)生重大變革。未來“智能汽車”的關(guān)鍵在于傳感器?！拔覀儠姷侥芸?、能聽、有知覺、具嗅覺、會說話并能采取行動的車輛與道路，”正在設(shè)計未來智能汽車和智能道路的通用汽車公司ITS項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)主任比爾·斯普雷扎預(yù)言道。

4.Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents.The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we don't even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore.Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness.A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents.It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine.The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.美國每年有大約4萬人死于交通事故。在汽車事故中死亡或嚴(yán)重受傷的人數(shù)太多，我們已經(jīng)不屑在報紙上提及。這些死亡的人中至少有半數(shù)是酒后開車者造成的，另有許多死亡事故是駕駛員不小心所導(dǎo)致。智能汽車能消除絕大多數(shù)這類汽車事故。它能通過會感測空氣中的酒精霧氣的電子傳感器檢測開車者是否喝醉酒，并拒絕啟動引擎。這種車還能在遇竊后通報警方，告知車輛的確切地點(diǎn)。

5.Smart cars have already been built which can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby.Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars.Should you make a serious driving mistake(e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”)the computer would sound an immediate warning.能監(jiān)控行車過程以及周圍行車狀況的智能汽車已經(jīng)制造出來。藏在保險杠里的微型雷達(dá)能對周圍的汽車作掃描。如果你發(fā)生重大行車失誤（如變道時有車輛在你“盲點(diǎn)”內(nèi)），計算機(jī)立即會發(fā)出警報。

6.At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers.The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard.To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a driver's face and eyes.If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.在麻省理工學(xué)院媒介實(shí)驗(yàn)室，業(yè)已制造出能測知你行車時有多少睡意的樣車，這對長途卡車司機(jī)意義重大。一連數(shù)小時注視著中間分道線這樣一個單調(diào)、幾乎能催眠的過程是被嚴(yán)重低估的威脅生命的重大隱患。為消除這一隱患，藏在儀表板里的一架微型相機(jī)可對準(zhǔn)開車者的臉部及眼睛。如果司機(jī)的眼簾合上一定時間，行車變得不穩(wěn)，儀表板里的計算機(jī)就會向司機(jī)發(fā)出警報。

7.Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic.While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact.Sensors in your

car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams.We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System.They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles.Each satellite contains four “atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.開車最頭疼的兩大麻煩是迷路和交通堵塞。雖然計算機(jī)革命不可能徹底解決這兩個問題，但卻會帶來積極的影響。你汽車上與繞軌道運(yùn)行的衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的無線電信號調(diào)諧的傳感器能隨時精確地確定你汽車的方位，并告知交通阻塞情況。我們已經(jīng)有24顆環(huán)繞地球運(yùn)行的導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星，組成了人們所說的全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)。通過這些衛(wèi)星我們有可能以小于100英尺的誤差確定你在地球上的方位。在任何一個特定時間，總有若干顆全球定位系統(tǒng)的衛(wèi)星在11, 000英里的高空繞地球運(yùn)行。每顆衛(wèi)星都裝有4個“原子鐘”，它們根據(jù)量子理論法則，以精確的頻率振動。

8.As a satellite passes overhead it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a car's computer.The car's computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive.Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellite's signal can be converted into a distance.衛(wèi)星從高空經(jīng)過時發(fā)出能被汽車上計算機(jī)里的接收器辨認(rèn)的無線電信號。汽車上的計算機(jī)就會根據(jù)信號傳來所花的時間計算出衛(wèi)星有多遠(yuǎn)。由于光速為人熟知，接收衛(wèi)星信號時的任何時間遲緩都能折算出距離的遠(yuǎn)近。9.In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability.(Some of them locate a car's position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.)

在日本，具有某種導(dǎo)航能力的汽車已有一百萬輛之多。（有些導(dǎo)航裝置通過將方向盤的轉(zhuǎn)動與汽車在地圖上的位置并置來測定汽車的方位。）10.With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.“The commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp., which manufactures navigational systems.Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woods — the list of potential uses is endless.3

隨著微芯片價格的大幅度下降，未來對全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用幾乎是無限的?！爸圃爝@一商品的工業(yè)定會飛速發(fā)展，”生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的麥哲倫航儀公司的蘭迪·霍夫曼說。盲人可以在手杖里裝配全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)傳感器，飛機(jī)可以通過遙控著陸，徒步旅行者可以測定自己在林中的方位 —— 其潛在的應(yīng)用范圍是無止境的。

11.GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called “telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways.Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made in California to mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)其實(shí)只是叫做“遠(yuǎn)程信息學(xué)”的這一更大行動的一部分，這一行動最終將把智能汽車送上智能高速公路。這種高速公路的樣品已經(jīng)在歐洲問世，加州也在進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，在高速公路上安裝計算機(jī)芯片、傳感器和無線電發(fā)射機(jī)，以便向汽車報告交通擁擠堵塞情況。

12.On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads.Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.在圣迭戈以北10英里的15號州際公路一段8英里長的路面上，交通工程師正在安裝一個由麻省理工學(xué)院設(shè)計的引進(jìn)“自動司機(jī)”的系統(tǒng)。這一計劃要求計算機(jī)在公路上埋設(shè)的數(shù)千個3英寸長的磁釘?shù)膮f(xié)助下，在車輛極多的路段完全控制車輛的運(yùn)行。車輛會編成10輛或12輛一組，車距僅6英尺，在計算機(jī)的控制下一齊行駛。

13.Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future.By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States.If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States.This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.這種計算機(jī)化的公路的倡導(dǎo)者對其未來的應(yīng)用充滿希望。到2010年，遠(yuǎn)程信息技術(shù)很可能應(yīng)用于美國的一條主要公路。如果成功的話，到2020年，當(dāng)微芯片的價格降到一片一美分以下時，遠(yuǎn)程信息技術(shù)就會應(yīng)用在美國

第四篇：高中英語必修一課文翻譯

我上高中的一天

我叫李康，住在石家莊，一個距離北京不遠(yuǎn)的城市。它是河北的省會。今天是我上高中的第一天，我正在記載我的一些想法。

我的新學(xué)校很好，我能看出這是為什么。老師們非常熱情友好，教室令人驚奇。每間教室都有一臺電腦，配有特別的屏幕，幾乎和電影屏幕一樣大。老師們在電腦上打字，這樣他們打出的字就顯示在他們身后的屏幕上。屏幕上海能顯示圖片，文本及來自網(wǎng)上的信息。它們真是太棒了。

英語課確實(shí)很有趣。老師是一位非常熱情的叫沈老師的女士。我們使用新課本，并且沈老師的教學(xué)方法與我的初中老師的教學(xué)方法完全不同。她認(rèn)為閱讀理解很重要，不過我們課堂英語也講得很多。我們上課很快樂。我認(rèn)為我是不會對沈老師課厭煩的。

今天我們討論互相自我介紹

。我們是以小組討論式進(jìn)行的。有些學(xué)生起初有些尷尬，不過每個人都很友善，這真是好。沈老師給我們提出要求，然后我們自己活動。

沈老師想幫助我們提高拼寫和書寫水平。我們用拼寫游戲和其他活動這類有趣的方式來進(jìn)行。我很喜歡她的態(tài)度，其他學(xué)生的行為表明他們也喜歡她。

我班上有65個學(xué)生，比我原來初中班上的人數(shù)多。學(xué)生中49人是女生。換句話說，女生的人數(shù)是男生的三倍。他們說通常女生比男生學(xué)習(xí)更努力，但在這個班上，每個人都很努力。作為我們今晚的家庭作業(yè)，我們寫一篇描述我們所住街道的文章。

我的新教師 常言道第一印象非常重要，李老師給我的第一印象是緊張而且害羞。我想她那時可能就是這樣，因?yàn)槟鞘撬o我們上的第一堂課。但現(xiàn)在，兩周之后，全班同學(xué)都很喜歡上她的課了。她既和藹又有耐心，而且她講解英語語法如此清楚，以至于連我都明白。她避免使你感到自己很愚蠢。說英語時我一直很討厭出錯或發(fā)音有誤?？墒抢罾蠋熤皇切π?，這樣你就不會感到自己很蠢。我想可能對于成績好的學(xué)生來說，她講的有點(diǎn)慢，但是對我來說卻極好。我覺得我會在她的課上取得進(jìn)步的。

我猜陳老師快60歲了，她非常嚴(yán)厲——除非她要求我們（講話），否則我們一句話也不敢說。她也很嚴(yán)肅而且不大愛笑。當(dāng)她要你做什么事情時，你一定要馬上做。我們班有幾個學(xué)生上課老遲到，可是上陳老師的課他們一直都很準(zhǔn)時。我們班有些同學(xué)不喜歡她，但是我們大多數(shù)人真的很佩服她，因?yàn)樗v課非常有條理，也很清楚。甚至還有幾個學(xué)生表示喜歡她。在做科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)時，她講解的很確切，因此我的學(xué)習(xí)不斷進(jìn)步。雖然物理永遠(yuǎn)不會是我最喜歡的學(xué)科，但是我想由陳老師教我，我在考試中取得好成績。

吳老師只教了我們兩個星期就已經(jīng)很受歡迎了。我想這是因?yàn)樗娴南矚g語文數(shù)學(xué)——應(yīng)該是熱愛。他總是充滿活力，這是一節(jié)你不會睡覺的課。我覺得他大約28歲，長得相當(dāng)帥。他聲音洪亮而且說話快，他興奮的時候還會揮舞雙手。他非常有趣，覺得我們感到厭煩時就講笑話。上吳老師的課，即使向作文和總結(jié)這樣的東西都充滿了樂趣。我很敬重他。

我的首次火車之旅

我的名字叫愛麗絲.湯姆遜。我來自澳大利亞的悉尼，我18歲了。最近，我首次乘一列長途列車旅行。這次旅行真棒。我和我的朋友乘的著名的Ghan列車。我們在悉尼上車，在艾利斯斯普林下車，恰好在澳大利亞的中心，行程四千多里。我們在火車上度過了兩天兩夜。

這列火車非常不錯，吃的食物相當(dāng)棒。我們吃的美味飯菜是由烹飪專家做的。旅途的前幾百公里景色非常豐富多彩。有土地，土壤是紅色的。然后就是沙漠，太陽照耀著，沒有一絲風(fēng)，天空也沒有云彩。突然，它看起來好像另一個時代的某個地方。我們看到被遺棄的農(nóng)莊，這些農(nóng)莊的建立史有一百多年。

乘這列火車是舒服的，車上的人也很友好。在白天，我做在車?yán)锟创巴?，有時和別的乘客說說話。我讀書，聽漢語磁帶。一天晚上，大約是午夜，差不多有一個多小時我都在注視著夜晚的天空。星星像鉆石一樣閃爍。

為什么這列火車叫Ghan？很久以前，澳大利亞人需要一種通往國家中部的途徑，他們試過馬，可是馬不適合炎熱的天氣和沙地。一百五十年前，他們從阿富汗帶回來一些駱駝。Ghan 是阿富汗的縮寫。

對于長途跋涉而言，駱駝比馬好得多。許多年以前，訓(xùn)練有素的駱駝運(yùn)出事物和其他供給物，然后帶回羊毛和其他產(chǎn)品。

阿富汗人和他們的駱駝穿梭其間，直到20世紀(jì)20年代。后來，政府建了一條新的鐵路線，因此他們不再需要駱駝了。1925年，他們通過了一項(xiàng)法律，如果這些動物成了麻煩，就允許人們可以射殺它們。1935年，一個鎮(zhèn)的警察曾在一天內(nèi)在一天內(nèi)射殺了153頭駱駝。

因特網(wǎng)的發(fā)展歷程

Internet是全世界最大的計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它起源與美國國防部高級研究計劃局ARPA 于1968年主持研制的用于支持軍事研究的計算機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)網(wǎng)ARPANET。ARPANET建網(wǎng)的初衷在幫助那些為美國軍方工作的研究人員通過計算機(jī)交換信息，它的設(shè)計與實(shí)現(xiàn)基于這樣一種主導(dǎo)思想：網(wǎng)絡(luò)要能夠經(jīng)得住故障的考驗(yàn)而維持正常工作，當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分因受攻擊而失去作用時，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的其他部分仍能維持正常通信。

1985年當(dāng)時美國國家科學(xué)基金NSF為鼓勵大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)，共享他們非常昂貴四臺計算機(jī)主機(jī)，希望通過計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)把各個大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)的計算機(jī)與這些巨型計算機(jī)連接起來。開始他們想用現(xiàn)成的ARPANET，不過他們發(fā)覺與美國軍方打交道不是一件容易的事，于是他們決定利用ARPANET發(fā)展出來叫TCP/IP 的通訊協(xié)議自己出資建立名叫NSFNET 的廣域網(wǎng)。由于美國國家科學(xué)資金的鼓勵和資助，許多大學(xué)、政府資助的研究機(jī)構(gòu)，甚至私營的研究機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛把自己的局域網(wǎng)并入NSFNET。這樣使NSFET在1986年建成后取代ARPANET成為Internet的主干網(wǎng)。

90年代初期，隨著WWW的發(fā)展，Internet 逐漸走向民用，由于WWW良好的界面大大簡化了Internet操作的難度，使得用戶的數(shù)量急劇增加，許多政府機(jī)構(gòu)、商業(yè)公司意識到Internet，這樣Internet上的點(diǎn)數(shù)大大增長，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的信息 五花八門、十分豐富。如今Internet已經(jīng)深入到人們生活的各個部分，通過WWW瀏覽、電子郵件等方式，人們可以及時地獲得自己所需的信息。Internet大大方便了信息傳播，給人們帶來了一種全新的通訊方式，可以說Internet是繼電報、電話發(fā)明以來人類通訊方式的又一次革命。

一個充滿生機(jī)的城市 XL：又見到你真是太好了，約翰。

JM：見到你真高興，你知道的，自從上次我們見面 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)6年了。這是我第一次參觀你的家鄉(xiāng)。

XL：對，你能來這兒我很高興。

JM：你知道，我已經(jīng)看過中國的一些地方，游覽過一些美麗的城市，但這是我到過的最吸引人的地方之一。這兒充滿生機(jī)，每個人看起來都那么友好。

XL：是的，每個人都說這兒是沿海最有趣的的城市之一。生活在這里我感到很幸運(yùn)。我喜歡住在海邊。

JM：你住在廈門的西北部，對不對？ XL：是的，你說對了。JM：這兒氣候怎么樣？

XL：夏天想當(dāng)炎熱潮濕，但冬天會很冷。

JM：對我來說聽起來不錯。這到處都有很多游客。難道他們不讓你厭煩嗎？ XL：是的，因?yàn)橄奶煊慰吞嗔耍赡軙┑?。JM：奧，看看那棟高大的公寓樓。

XL：是的，那樓剛完工。那里公寓的租金很高。JM：我相信你，這一地區(qū)的現(xiàn)代化程度很高。

XL：對，這是商業(yè)區(qū)。最近他們建起了許多高樓大廈，還有一些大型購物中心。看，我們剛經(jīng)過一個，我妻子剛經(jīng)過一個。我妻子剛從那的一個商店里買了一件漂亮的衣服。

JM：也許我可以在那買些禮物。

XL：明天我?guī)闳ァ，F(xiàn)在我們就要離開商業(yè)區(qū)，接近海港了。我們要進(jìn)入西區(qū)，這里是全市最有趣的地方，有一些特別漂亮的公園。

JM：看起來真漂亮。剛剛穿過這片水域的是鼓浪嶼島嗎？ XL：是的，它是一個美麗的海島，島上有一些非常有趣的建筑。

JM：他們是這樣跟我說的。你覺得我們停下來，四處走一會兒怎么樣？

XL：好，我正有此意。我們可以把車停在那兒，一個朋友告訴我，附近有一家不大但挺不錯的魚餐館。我去那吃午餐怎么樣？ JM：聽起來是個好主意，我快餓死了。

第五篇：高中英語必修一課文及翻譯

Unit1,Book1 Anne'sbestfriend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her bestfriend.Annie lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said, “I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my best friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Dearkitty, I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.ThatchangedsinceIwashere.For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a window.Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.I didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face......Sadly...I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing thatreallymustbeexperienced.Yours, Anne Unit2 TheroadtomodernEnglish At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people speak English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second, or a foreign languagethaneverbefore.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind ofEnglish.Lookatthisexample: BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat? AmericanAmy:Yes.I'dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English we spoke today.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who rules England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.English begantobespokeninbothcountries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English language.The latter gave a separate identitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.English now is spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.During that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its ownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.StandardEnglishanddialects....When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”, it is called a dialect......American English has so many dialects because people have come fromallovertheworld.Geography also plays a part in making dialects.Some people who live in mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect......Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other's dialects.Unit3 JourneydowntheMekong My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too.After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course she hadn't;my sister doesn't care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look-the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can changeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain.At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.Then it begins to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enrers wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm.As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last, the river delta enters theSouthChinaSea.Part2...Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual.She is very reliable and I knew I didn't need to encourage her.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view.We seemed to be able to see for miles.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we began going down the hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.....In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent and then we eat.After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind---only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us.We can hardly wait to see them!Unit 4 A night the earth didn't sleep Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pig were too nervous to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky.The sounds of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.In the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-third of them died or were injured during the earthquake.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400.000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals, 75%of its factories and buildings and 90%of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.No wind, however, could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.Slowly, the city began to breathe again.Unit 5 Elias' story My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went to for advice.He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said: “The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said: “...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful;when this was not allowed...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.” As a matter of fact, I do not like violence...but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.The rest of Elias' story You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid.It was a prison from which no one can escape.There I spent the hardest time of my life.But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me.Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.We read books under our blankets and use anything we could find to make candles to do that.Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.So I knew I could get a degree too.That made me feel good about myself.When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job.Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office.However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings.So I lost my job.I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died.I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks.So now at 51 I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.第一單元 友誼 Reading 安妮最好的朋友

你是不是想有一位無話不談能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是擔(dān)心你的朋友會嘲笑你，會不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，于是她就把日記當(dāng)成了她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來，否則他們就會被德國納粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了兩年之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這段時間里，她唯一的忠實(shí)朋友就是她的日記了。她說，“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把這本日記當(dāng)作我的朋友，我要把我這個朋友稱作基蒂”?，F(xiàn)在，來看看安妮在藏身處躲了一年多之后的那種心情吧。

1944年6月15日 星期四 親愛的基蒂： 我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我來到這里，這一切都變了。……比方說，有天晚上天氣很暖和，我熬到 11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺，為的是獨(dú)自好好看看月亮。但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓亮?，我不敢打開窗戶。還有一次，就在五個月以前的一個晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的。我一直等到非關(guān)窗不可的時候才下樓去。漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)吹雨打，雷電交加，我全然被這種力量鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚…… 你的 安妮 Using Language Reading, listening and writing 親愛的王小姐： 我同班上的同學(xué)有件麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處很好，我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè)，而且很樂意相互幫助。我們成了非常好的朋友?？墒牵渌瑢W(xué)卻開始在背后議論起來，他們說我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是我又討厭人家背后說閑話。我該怎么辦呢？ 莉薩 Reading and writing 尊敬的編輯： 我是蘇州高中的一名學(xué)生。我有一個難題，我不太善于同人們交際。雖然我的確試著去跟班上的同學(xué)交談，但是我還是發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時候我感到十分孤獨(dú)。我確實(shí)想改變這種現(xiàn)狀，但是我卻不知道該怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會非常感激的。曉東

第二單元 世界上的英語 Reading 通向 通向現(xiàn)代英語之路 16世紀(jì)末期大約有5百萬到7百萬人說英語，幾乎所有這些人都生活在英國。在17世紀(jì)英國人開始往世界其它地區(qū)遷移。于是，許多別的國家開始說英語了。如今說英語的人比以往任何時候更多了，他們有的是作為第一語言來說，有的是作為第二語言或外語。中國也許是把英語作為外語來說的人數(shù)最多的國家。以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以互相交流。然而，他們可能不是什么都懂。比方說，一個英國人可能對她的朋友說：“請到我的公寓（flat）里來坐坐，好嗎？”她的一位美國朋友可能會問她，“到哪兒去？”她的加拿大朋友可能會解釋說，“她的意思是要我們到她的房間（apartment）去。” 那么，英語在一段時間里為什么會起變化呢？當(dāng)不同文化互相溝通時，所有的語言都會發(fā)生變化。從公元450年到1150年，人們所說的英語跟今天所說的英語就很不一樣。實(shí)際上，當(dāng)時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語不是。然后大約在公元 1150年到1500年期間，英語的變化就更大了，它不那么像德語，而更像法語了，因?yàn)槟菚r的英國的統(tǒng)治者講法語，它變得更接近你們正在學(xué)習(xí)的這種語言。在17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時期都大。英語用法發(fā)生了一次大變化，那就是在諾厄·韋伯斯特編纂《美國英語詞典》的那個時期，這本詞典體現(xiàn)了美國英語的特色。后來，有些英國人到了澳大利亞，那里的人也開始說英語了。如今，澳大利亞英語也有它自己的特色了。英語在南亞也被當(dāng)作外語或第二語言來使用。印度擁有眾多講英語的人，這是因?yàn)橛?765 年到1947年統(tǒng)治過印度。在此期間，英語成了政府和教育的語言。在非洲和亞洲許多其它國家，比如南非、新加坡、馬來西亞等國，人們也說英語。在中國，大約從1842年起，香港就開始用英語了。目前在中國學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)正在迅速增長。中國英語將來會不會成為世界英語中的一種呢？這只好由時間來回答了。Using Language Reading and talking 什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語？是在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說的英語嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說的就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而，即使在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會聽出人們在說話時的差異。當(dāng)人們用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言”的詞語時，那就叫做方言。美國英語有許多方言，特別是中西部和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美國有些地區(qū)，相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的兩地人所說的方言都可能稍有不同。美國英語之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹耸莵碜允澜绺鞯氐木壒?。地理位置對方言的產(chǎn)生也有影響。住在美國東部山區(qū)的某些人說著比較古老的英語方言。當(dāng)美國人從一個地方搬到另一個地方時，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國東南部山區(qū)的人同美國西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎相同。美國是一個大國，國內(nèi)說著許許多多的方言。雖然許多美國人經(jīng)常在搬家，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e彼此的方言。

第三單元 游記 Reading 沿湄公河而下的旅程 第一部分 夢想與計劃 我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直夢想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。到大學(xué)畢業(yè)時，我們終于有了機(jī)會。首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。她喜歡在鄉(xiāng)下作長途自行車旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛價錢昂貴的山地自行車，然后她還說服我也買了一輛（山地車）。去年她（騎車）去看望了我們的表兄弟——在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀衛(wèi)和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長大，湄公河在中國境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄江，在其他國家（境內(nèi)）叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對騎車旅游產(chǎn)生了興趣。王薇有時確實(shí)很固執(zhí)。盡管她對到某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持我們要找到河的源頭，并從那里開始我們的行程。她告訴我，她要把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。于是，我就知道這個盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我問她是否看過地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒有看過——我的姐姐是不會考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。于是，我告訴她，湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個堅(jiān)定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。我說，我們的旅行將從5, 000多米的高地出發(fā)，這時她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸困難，而且天氣很冷時，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。在我們旅行前的幾個月，王薇和我去了圖書館。我們找到一本大型地圖冊，里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。我老是問她，“我們什么時候動身？什么時候回來？”我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河發(fā)源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動。它穿過深谷時就變成了急流，流經(jīng)云南西部。有時，這條江進(jìn)入寬闊的峽谷，就形成了瀑布。我們倆驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出中國，流出高地之后，湄公河就變寬了，變暖了，河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進(jìn)入東南亞以后，河水慢慢地穿過小山和低谷，以及長著稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國南海。Using Language Reading and speaking 夜晚的西藏山景 第二部分 山中一宿 雖然是秋天，但是西藏已經(jīng)開始下雪了。我們感到腿又沉又冷，還以為腿結(jié)成冰了呢。你看到過雪人騎自行車嗎？像往常一樣，王薇在我的前面，我知道我用不著給她鼓勁兒。上山很艱難，而下山卻很好玩。等我們到達(dá)山谷，天氣就暖和多了，我們不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和長褲換成T恤衫和短褲。然后，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)較冷的高地時，我們又得換衣服。剛到傍晚，我們就停下來宿營，先把帳篷支起來，然后吃飯。晚飯后，王薇就去睡覺了，而我卻睡不著。半夜里，天空變得清朗了，星星很亮。山里非常安靜——那天晚上幾乎沒有風(fēng)，只有篝火的聲音。我們已經(jīng)走得很遠(yuǎn)了，馬上就要到達(dá)云南的大理。在那里，我們的表兄弟刀衛(wèi)和宇航將加入我們的行列。我們迫不及待地想要見到他們！

四單元 地震 Reading 地球的一個不眠之夜 河北省東北部的農(nóng)村不斷有些怪事發(fā)生：三天來，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。農(nóng)夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂縫，裂縫里冒出臭氣。農(nóng)家大院里的雞, 甚至豬都緊張得不吃食。老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身。魚缸和池塘里的魚會往外跳。1976年7月28日凌晨3點(diǎn)左右，人們看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空沒有飛機(jī)，在唐山城外也可以聽到飛機(jī)聲。在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。但是，唐山市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常上床睡覺了。凌晨3點(diǎn)42分，一切都開始搖晃起來。世界似乎到了末日！二十世紀(jì)最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里處發(fā)生了，100公里以外的北京市都聽到了地震聲，全國1 / 3的地方都有震感。一條8公里長30米寬的巨大裂縫橫穿房舍、馬路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸氣。石頭山變成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。2/3的人在地震中死去或受傷。成千上萬個完整的家庭遇難，許許多多的孩子變成了孤兒。死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬。幸存的人們又怎么能相信這是自然現(xiàn)象呢？人們無論朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。所有的市內(nèi)醫(yī)院、75%的工廠和建筑物、90%的家園都消失了。殘磚就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著大地，然而它們是不可能被風(fēng)刮走的。兩座大壩垮了，多數(shù)橋梁不是塌了就是無法安全通行了。鐵軌如今成了一條條廢鋼。好幾萬頭牛再也擠不出奶來。50萬頭豬和幾百萬只雞全都死了。井里滿是沙子，而不是水。人們驚呆了。接著，在下午晚些時候，又一次強(qiáng)烈的地震震撼著唐山。有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、電和食物都很難弄到。人們開始納悶，這場災(zāi)難還會持續(xù)多久。不是所有的希望都破滅了。部隊(duì)派了15萬名戰(zhàn)士到唐山來協(xié)助救援人員，數(shù)十萬的人得到了援助。救援人員組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。在唐山市的北邊，有一個萬名礦工的煤礦，其中多數(shù)人得救了。援救人員為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，用火車、卡車和飛機(jī)向市內(nèi)運(yùn)來了水。慢慢地、慢慢地，這座城市又開始出現(xiàn)了生機(jī)。Using Language Reading, writing and speaking 200（）年7月5日 中國唐山市政府辦公室 親愛的同學(xué)： 恭喜你！我們很高興地告訴你，你在以新唐山為主題的中學(xué)演講比賽中獲得第一名。評委會的五位評委聽了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的那篇是今年收到的演講稿中最好的一篇。你的父母親和你的學(xué)校應(yīng)該為你而驕傲！下個月我們市將開放一個新公園，以紀(jì)念在那次可怕的災(zāi)難中死去的人們，并向那些曾經(jīng)為幸存者提供過幫助的人們致敬。我們辦公室想請你在7月28日上午11點(diǎn)給來公園的參觀者進(jìn)行演講。你知道，二十（）年前的這一天正是唐山發(fā)生地震的日子。在這個特殊的日子里，我們邀請你把家人和朋友一起帶來。張沙

第五單元 納爾遜·曼德拉——一位當(dāng)代英雄 Reading 伊萊亞斯的故事 我的名字叫伊萊亞斯。我是南非的一個窮苦的黑人工人。第一次見到納爾遜·曼德拉的時候，是我一生中非常艱難的時期。當(dāng)時我才12歲，那是在1952年，他開設(shè)了一家黑人律師事務(wù)所，為那些遇到麻煩的窮苦黑人提供咨詢服務(wù)。我六歲開始上學(xué)，我僅僅在那里讀了兩年的學(xué)校有三公里遠(yuǎn)。我不得不輟學(xué)，因?yàn)槲业募彝o法繼續(xù)支付學(xué)費(fèi)和交通費(fèi)。我既不會讀，也不會寫。幾經(jīng)周折，我才在一家金礦找到一份工作。那個時候你要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不可。非常遺憾的是我沒有這個證件，因?yàn)槲也皇窃谀抢锍錾?，我很?dān)心我是不是會失業(yè)。那天，納爾遜·曼德拉告訴我該怎么做，而且還幫我的忙，這是我一生中最高興的日子。他告訴我要在約翰內(nèi)斯堡立住腳，應(yīng)當(dāng)如何獲取所需文件。我永遠(yuǎn)也忘記不了他對我的恩情，當(dāng)他組織了非國大青年聯(lián)盟時，我馬上就參加了這個組織。他說：“過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段?！?他說的是真話。當(dāng)時黑人沒有選舉權(quán)，他們無權(quán)選擇管理他們的人。他們在城里的住宅區(qū)都是由白人決定的。他們不能做自己想要做的工作。他們被打發(fā)去居住的地方是南非最貧窮的地區(qū)。在那兒，沒有人能夠種莊稼。事實(shí)上，就像拉爾遜·曼德拉所說的： “……我們被置于這樣一個境地：要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么跟政府作斗爭。我們選擇向法律進(jìn)攻。首先我們用和平的方式來破壞法律，而當(dāng)這種方式也得不到允許時，……只有到這個時候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力?！?事實(shí)上，我并不喜歡暴力，但是在1963年的時候，我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽恰Ｄ鞘呛芪ｋU的事情，因?yàn)槿绻冶蛔プ×?，可能就要坐幾年牢。但是，我樂于幫忙，因?yàn)槲抑?，這是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的黑人和白人平等的夢想。Using Language Reading 伊萊亞斯的故事續(xù)篇 你無法想象羅本島這個名字聽起來多么令我們恐懼。那是一座任何人也逃不出去的監(jiān)獄。在那里我度過了我一生中最艱難的歲月。但是我到那里時，納爾遜·曼德拉也在那兒。從某種意義上講，這倒幫了我的忙。曼德拉先生為我們那些幾乎沒有上過學(xué)的人開辦學(xué)校。他在午餐后的休息時間以及晚上本來該睡覺的時間教我們學(xué)習(xí)。我們躲在毯子下面讀書，我們用可以找到的任何東西作蠟燭來看書。我成了一名好學(xué)生，想要為我的學(xué)位而學(xué)習(xí)，但是別人不允許我這樣做。我知道我是夠聰明的，并且有能力拿到學(xué)位。曼德拉先生讓獄卒參加我們一起學(xué)習(xí)。他說他們不應(yīng)該被剝奪學(xué)習(xí)的權(quán)利。他們并不比我更聰明，卻通過了考試，因此我就知道我也能夠拿到學(xué)位。這讓我覺得自己還不錯。在監(jiān)獄里呆完四年之后，我去找工作。因?yàn)槲沂苓^比較好的教育，我得到了一份坐辦公室的工作?？墒蔷炀职l(fā)現(xiàn)了，告訴了我們那個行業(yè)的重要人物，說我因?yàn)檎ㄕ髽嵌^牢。于是我失業(yè)了。在曼德拉和非國大于1994年掌權(quán)之前，我有20年沒有工作。在此期間，我的妻兒只得從親戚朋友處討飯吃，并乞求幫助。幸虧曼德拉先生還記得我，給了我一份工作，叫我?guī)е眯袌F(tuán)去參觀羅本島上我住過的那座舊監(jiān)獄。第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時，我的心情很不好。我回憶起那時所有的恐怖和令人畏懼的情景。我記起了獄卒的鞭打和暴行，我想到了我那些死去的朋友，我覺得我不能做這份（導(dǎo)游的）工作。但是我的家人卻鼓勵我，他們說，從南非新政府得到的這份工作和薪餉，是我畢生為爭取黑人的平等權(quán)利而斗爭所得到的回報?，F(xiàn)在，我51歲了，我還能給參觀者介紹有關(guān)監(jiān)獄的情況，對此我感到非常驕傲，因?yàn)槲以?jīng)為黑人在自己的國土上爭取自由而出過力。