第一篇：論文中英文摘要-中國地震局

論文中英文摘要

作者姓名：崔士波

論文題目：鉆頭破巖振動及其沿鉆柱的傳播

作者簡介：崔士波,男，1983年9月出生，2006年09月師從于中國地震局地球物理研究所葛洪魁研究員，于2009年8月獲碩士學位。

中

文

摘要

安全、高效施工是石油鉆井追求的目標，工程技術人員迫切需要井下工礦診斷和鉆前預測的實用技術。在現有方法中最有發展前景的是隨鉆地震（SWD-Seismic While Drilling）和鉆柱振動錄井。SWD以鉆頭為震源，在井場周圍布置地震觀測儀器收集井下鉆頭破巖產生的地震波，進行鉆頭前方地層探測，實現鉆前預測。鉆柱振動錄井利用鉆柱頂部測量的振動信號，分析鉆進過程中的鉆柱振動特征，獲得井下鉆頭、所鉆地層和鉆柱的信息，進行井下工礦實時監測。

鉆柱是連接井底鉆頭與地面的信息通道，SWD利用鉆柱頂端振動記錄估計鉆頭震源函數，與地面記錄道互相關建立地震剖面，獲得鉆頭前方地層反射界面和地層波速。鉆柱振動錄井利用鉆柱頂端的振動記錄提取鉆頭運動的頻譜特征、鉆柱運動與井壁的接觸情況、鉆頭與井底巖石的反射系數，進行井下工礦診斷與實時監測。鉆頭破巖振動特征、鉆柱傳輸特性和振動特征、鉆柱振動信號分析方法成為發展SWD和鉆柱振動錄井技術的關鍵。

本文在國內外研究的基礎上，開展了鉆頭破巖振動室內與礦場實驗、鉆柱受迫振動傳播方程建立與鉆頭振動信號分析方法研究，初步掌握了鉆頭破巖振動特征及影響因素，鉆柱振動類型、傳播規律和影響因素，建立了傳遞矩陣和單邊反褶積自相關兩種鉆柱振動信號分析方法，初步建立了鉆柱振動分析方法的框架。

研究認為鉆柱振動是一受迫振動問題，需要將井底巖石-鉆頭-鉆柱-水龍頭作為一個“鉆柱振動系統”來對待；鉆頭振動頻譜包含了鉆頭工礦的信息，與鉆頭幾何結構、地層特性和鉆進參數密切相關，并具有較寬的頻帶；鉆柱具有軸向、旋轉和橫向振動三種類型，鉆柱截面變化形成了鉆柱多次波，鉆柱結構、頂底邊界條件對鉆柱波的傳播具有重要影響；建立了鉆柱振動的傳遞矩陣計算模型，數值模擬與室內管柱傳播模擬實驗結果吻合較好；采用單邊反褶積自相關，獲得了鉆柱反射界面的多次波圖像和傳播速度。研究表明鉆頭振動的頻譜、鉆柱振動的頻譜與鉆柱反射界面成像、井底反射系數可作為鉆頭工礦、鉆柱工礦與地層特性的主要診斷參數，鉆柱多次波成像可獲得鉆柱波速度（時延），傳遞矩陣是鉆柱振動分析的良好模型，可利用傳遞矩陣給出的鉆柱理論脈沖響應（傳遞函數），反演井底反射系數，恢復鉆頭震源函數。

ABSTRACT

Drilling a well safely and efficiently is the aim of petroleum engineers, the drilling needs the downhole diagnosis and forecast techniques.The most promising existing methods are Seismic While Drilling(SWD)and Drill String Vibration Logging.SWD takes the working drill-bit as seismic source, acquires the drill bit seismic wave propagating through the formation by the geophone to predict formation property ahead of the drill-bit and reduce the drilling risk.The drill string vibration logging is a new technology to monitor the state of health of downhole tools, formation and drill string by analyzing the vibrations measured on the top of the drill string.It can be used to evaluate the formation drillability in real time.a On the basis of former research, we did the lab and well site experiments of drill bit vibration during breaking rock, built the propagation equation of drill string forced vibration and gave the drill string vibration analysis method;obtained some basic understanding of drill bit vibration property, drill string vibration modes and propagation characteristics;built up the drill string vibration analysis frame with the propagation matrix method and one-side deconvolved autocorrelation method.Our research demonstrate that the drill string vibration is forced vibration, it needs to consider the rock-drill bit-drill string-swivel as the “drill string vibration system”;the drill bit spectrum, with broad frequency band, is related to drill bit geometry ,formation property and drilling condition and gives the drill bit working condition information;drill string has axial, torsional and lateral vibration modes;changes of drill string cross-sections generates drill string multiples.There is a significant influence of drill string structure, top and bottom boundary condition to drill string wave propagation;We built up the drill string vibration propagation matrix, the numerical simulation match well with lab experiment results;obtained the drill string multiples image and wave velocity with one-side deconvolved autocorrelation method.Our research shows that the spectrums of drill bit and drill string vibration, drill string reflected interface imaging and downhole reflected coefficient can be used as the main diagnosis parameters of drill string and drill bit working condition and formation characteristics;drill string multiples imaging can be used to calculate the drill string wave velocity;propagation matrix method is a good method for drill string vibration analysis.We can get drill string theoretical impulse response and transfer function, the bottom reflection coefficient and the drill bit seismic source function on the basis of drill string vibration propagation matrix.

第二篇：論文中英文摘要

論文中英文摘要

作者姓名：毛建猛

論文題目：Pushover分析方法的改進研究

作者簡介：毛建猛，男，1983年10月出生，2005年8月師從于中國地震局工程力學研究所謝禮立教授，于2008年8月獲博士學位。

中文摘要

如何選擇合適的工程結構抗震分析和設計方法一直是地震工程領域引人關注的重要問題。隨著基于性態抗震設計思想的提出和發展，作為一種簡化的實現性態設計分析的方法，Pushover方法引起了廣大學者和工程人員的興趣，并得到了廣泛的研究。本文針對以往Pushover方法的研究中存在的缺點和不足，對Pushover方法進行了改進，主要包括對模態Pushover方法的改進、對鋼筋混凝土框架結構Pushover位移反應的修正、Pushover荷載模式與結構性態指標相關性的探討、基于模態Pushover分析方法確定結構滯回耗能計算四個方面的問題。本論文主要研究內容和成果包括以下幾個方面：

1.模態Pushover分析方法的一個重要假定是，結構在強震作用下進入非線性狀態時，作用于結構的Pushover荷載模式保持不變；可是眾所周知，結構發生屈服后，結構的動力特性會發生改變，結構遭受的地震荷載也會發生變化，因此各階振型采用固定不變荷載模式的模態Pushover方法存在不足。本文提出將結構的第一振型荷載模式改進為兩階段加載模式，高階振型荷載模式保持固定不變，對結構進行改進的模態Pushover分析。

2.建議了一種計算鋼筋混凝土框架結構動力彈塑性位移反應的簡便方法。通過對5個不同高度的鋼筋混凝土框架結構在四類場地上80條地震動作用下的動力和靜力彈塑性位移反應進行統計分析，給出了結構由靜力彈塑性方法得到的目標位移估計動力時程方法得到的目標位移的修正公式。結果表明：場地條件對鋼筋混凝土框架結構靜力彈塑性位移反應和動力時程位移反應之間的關系影響顯著；對于II類和III類場地，可以直接采用結構的靜力彈塑性方法計算結果替代動力時程計算結果；對于I類場地和IV類場地，須采用修正公式對結構的靜力彈塑性結果進行修正。

3.通過對4個不同高度的鋼筋混凝土結構，分別進行了中等硬度場地上15條地震動作用下的非線性動力時程分析和不同荷載模式下的靜力彈塑性分析，求解了結構的幾個重要反應指標，包括能力曲線、頂端位移角及層間位移角、以及塑性鉸分布，探討了不同荷載模式對鋼筋混凝土低層和高層結構反應指標的影響程度，建議了適用于鋼筋混凝土低層和高層結構的Pushover荷載模式。

4.提出基于模態Pushover分析的結構滯回耗能計算方法。首先采用模態

Pushover分析計算結構各階模態單自由度體系的特征參數，然后計算結構各階模態單自由度體系對應的滯回耗能，并將其進行線性組合進而確定結構的滯回耗能，并與結構通過動力時程分析計算得到的滯回耗能進行比較，從而給出一種物理概念簡單、計算操作方便的確定結構滯回耗能的方法。另外，為了便于計算結構各階模態單自由度體系的滯回耗能，本文選取了國內外四類場地土上總計320條強震記錄作為地震記錄數據庫，在統計分析的基礎上，給出了對應于不同場地土和不同烈度區的單自由度體系等強度滯回耗能設計譜。

關鍵詞：Pushover方法；能力譜方法；模態Pushover分析；水

平荷載模式；滯回耗能

Improvements on Pushover Analysis Procedure

Mao Jianmeng

ABSTRACT

How to select the adequate procedure for seismic analysis and design of structures is an essential problem in earthquake engineering field.With the development of Performance-based Seismic Design, Pushover Analysis procedure has attracted many scientists’ and engineers’ attentions and been widely used for its conceptual simplicity and computational attractiveness.To overcome the limitation of Pushover Analysis procedure, some improvements on this procedure were performed in this paper, including the improvement on Modal Pushover Analysis, the revision of target displacement from the pushover analysis for reinforced concrete frame, the correlation of structural response parameters with different lateral load patterns, and the computation of the structural hysteretic energy based on Modal Pushover Analysis etc.The main contents of this dissertation are as follows.1.There is an important assumption that the pushover load patterns keep unchanged even after the structure yields in Modal Pushover Analysis procedure.Recognized the adoption of invariable lateral force distributions in the Modal Pushover Analysis procedure, an improved modal pushover analysis procedure is presented in this paper to estimate the seismic demands of structures, considering the redistribution of inertia forces.It is suggested that after establishing the idealized bilinear curve, a pushover analysis is once again conducted for the first mode in two phases: before and after the structure yields.For the two phases, the structural elastic natural mode and the floor displacement vector at the initial yielding point are used as the displacement shape vector, respectively.2.The approximately estimating method of displacement of reinforced concrete(RC)frame from static pushover analysis(POA)is developed with that from non-linear response history analysis(RHA).Based on the statistic analyses of the RHA and POA results for five RC frames with different height under 80 ground motions recorded at four site conditions, the revised formula of displacements from POA is presented from RHA.The results show that the site soil condition has an important effect on the relation between RHA and POA response results.And the POA results for I and IV site condition should be revised with the formula given in this study while the POA results for II and III site condition can be approximately considered as same to the RHA results.3.The RHA under 15 ground motions recorded on the medium site condition and POA with different lateral load patterns are performed for four RC structures with different height.Several important response quantities are obtained from the RHA and POA, including capacity curves, top displacement ratios and story drift ratios, and location of plastic hinges.The influence of different load patterns on the structural performance demands is discussed for the low-and the high-wise structures.And the rational load patterns for the low-and the high-wise structures are also suggested.4.A simple procedure is presented in this paper for estimating hysteretic energy demands of MDOF systems based on the modal pushover analysis(MPA).Firstly, the characteristic parameters of the modal SDOF systems of structures are computed, and the hysteretic energy is calculated for the modal SDOF systems, then the hysteretic energy demand of structures is obtained by combining these modal demands.In addition, with statistic results of nonlinear analysis of SDOF for 320 ground motions recorded at four site conditions, the equal-strength hysteretic energy design spectra are presented for different site condition and intensity regions.Key words: pushover analysis procedure, capacity spectrum method, the

modal pushover analysis, lateral load patterns, hysteretic

energy

第三篇：論文-中英文摘要

摘要

隨著信息時代的到來，信息高速公路的興起，全球信息化進入了一個新的發展時期。人們越來越認識到計算機強大的信息模塊處理功能，使之成為信息產業的基礎和支柱。

車輛管理系統用計算機管理機動車輛的檔案，運營管理以及駕駛員信息的一種計算機應用技術的創新，在計算機還未普及之前車輛管理都是由工作人員手工抄寫的方式來操作的。現在一般的車輛管理都是采用計算機作為工具的實用的計算機智能化車輛管理程序來幫助工作人員進行更有效的機動車輛管理。車輛管理系統是典型的信息管理系統(MIS)，其開發主要包括后臺數據庫的建立和維護以及前端應用程序的開發兩個方面。對于前者要求建立起數據一致性和完整性強、數據安全性好的庫。而對于后者則要求應用程序功能完備，易使用等特點。經過分析，我們使用 MICROSOFT公司的 VISUAL BASIC開發工具,利用其提供的各種面向對象的開發工具，尤其是數據窗口這一能方便而簡潔操縱數據庫的智能化對象，首先在短時間內建立系統應用原型，然后，對初始原型系統進行需求迭代，不斷修正和改進，直到形成用戶滿意的可行車輛管理系統系統。

關鍵字: 車輛管理系統;數據庫;信息管理系統;智能化

Abstract

Along with the rise, world information that coming of information ages, information superhighway entered a new development period.People more and more know the mighty information of calculator to handle the function, and make the foundation that it become information industry with pillar.Vehicle Management System Computer used motor vehicles archives management, operation and management of a driver information computer applications innovation, Management has not yet popular in the computer before the vehicles are from the staff manual transcription to operate.Now the general management of the vehicles are used as a tool for computer computer intelligent vehicle management procedures to help staff more effective management of motor vehicles.Vehicle management system is a typical management information system(MIS), including its main development background to the establishment and maintenance of the database and front-end application development two.The request for the establishment of strong data consistency and integrity, good for the security of the data.For the latter request applications functions, such as easy to use features.After analysis, we use Microsoft visual basic development tool companies, the use of its various object-oriented development tools, especially data that can be easily accessible and concise window manipulation database intelligent objects, the first prototype application system in a short time and then, computation of the initial prototype system needs to constantly revise and improve until the formation of a viable system of user satisfaction.keywords :Vehicle management system;database;information management system;intelligentize

第四篇：論文中英文摘要格式

附件6

校優博、優碩學位論文中英文摘要格式 作者姓名：張三（宋體 四號）

論文題目：xxxxxxxxxxxx的研究（宋體 四號）

作者簡介：：張三，男，xxxx年xx月出生，xxxx年xx月師從于xx大學xxx教授，于xxxx年xx月獲博士學位。

中文摘要

在XXXXXXXXX技術中，具有較強XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.其研制和開發有了長足的進展。???????

（正文：宋體 小四，博士約三千字，碩士約2千字）

關鍵詞：（宋體 四號）

Study on the …(英文題目 字號：“Times New Roman” 三號)

Zhang San(姓名拼音 字號：“Times New Roman” 四號)

ABSTRACT

The only high temperature superconductorxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx..This is sufficient for ………….…

（正文字號：“Times New Roman” 小四，約三千字）

Key borad:(字號：“Times New Roman” 四號)

第五篇：電子商務論文中英文摘要

內容摘要

隨著INTERNET的迅速發展，人類正經歷一場重大的技術變革，即電子商務的變革。電子商務源于電子數據交換，網絡技術的發展為電子商務注入了勃勃生機。由信息技術引發的電子商務雖然還處于發展階段，但它一經進入國際貿易領域，就對傳統的貿易方式產生了巨大的沖擊。傳統的貿易活動每一筆交易涉及的主體一般包括買賣雙方、銀行、運輸、海關、稅務、商檢等眾多部門，業務流程十分繁雜，效率低下，越來越不適應當今國際貿易業務快速發展的需要，電子商務則可以通過互聯網將交易各方連成一體，把其中部分或本文所提及的電子商務主要指國際電子商務，文章首先闡述了電子商務與國際貿易的關系，包括電子商務的經濟特征及在國際貿易領域中的功能和優勢。接下來是文章的主體部分——介紹電子商務對國際貿易的影響。分別從國際貿易理論和國際貿易現實兩方面予電子商務是一個龐大的命題，而本文力求闡述清楚的核心問題是：在電子商務環境中，國際貿易理論有哪些新發展，國際貿易活動有哪些新變化，以及如何對這些新問題進行解釋和說明。然而由于電子商務是一種迅速發展的嶄新的經濟形態，人們對它的認識是一個不斷深化的過程，也由于本人知識所限，所以本文更多地是從理論層面闡述電子商務與國際貿易之間的關系，以期為他人提供一些可供爭辯和討論的問題全部業務處理過程轉移到網上，從而極大降低企業成本，提高企業效率。

關鍵詞：電子商務 國際貿易理論 國際貿易現實 影響

Abstract

With the rapid development of Internet，the society is facing a great technical change，which is the change of E-commerce.As a fully new economy mode，E-commerce has shown the powerful strength and it takes on competitive situations in the whole world.EC came from EDI.The development of IT facilitated the

development of EC.The increasing development of IT has the international trade process is low efficient，long term and slow responsive.E-commerce could connect all the participants on the Internet，transfer part of the international process to the E-commerce which mentioned in this article is International E-commerce.In this article , the author firstly expounds the relations of E-commerce and international trade, including the economic feather of EC and its functions and advantages in international trade.And the following part is the main part of the article, which

introduces the influence of EC to international trade, respectively from international trade theories and process.E-commerce economy is a large research project, and the core question of the article is，on the condition of e-commerce economy，what new development do international trade theory and police have proceeded? And how can we get explanations to all these questions? We all know understand its

characteristics.What's more，because of author’s knowledge is limited，the research is fundamental.In this article，author provides a possible way for further research on the E-commerce economy and some questions for discussion.a large influence on the international trade.The typical international trade activity usually that E-commerce economy is a developing and changing economy, we have a long way to Internet，which decline the cost of trade companies and improve efficiency.Keywords: E-commerce;international trade theory;international trade reality;influence